UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA
GY 112L: Earth History Lab
Week 11
Paleozoic Part 2
Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick
Today’s Agenda
The Paleozoic Part 2 (Lab 8 exercises)
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Sponges & Stromatoporoids
Stromatolites
Corals
Bryozoans
Stratigraphy
Sponges
Sponge Facts:
Taxonomy:
Phylum: Porifera
Sponges
Sponge Facts:
Taxonomy:
Phylum: Porifera
Range:
Cambrian-Recent
Sponges
Sponge Facts:
excurrent pore
incurrent pore
Taxonomy:
Phylum: Porifera
Range:
Cambrian-Recent
Mode of Life: Marine, benthic,
filter feeder
excurrent pore
Sponges
Sponge Facts:
Taxonomy:
Phylum: Porifera
Range:
Cambrian-Recent
Mode of Life: Marine, benthic,
filter feeder
Mineral composition: spongin with
spicules or calcite (calcisponges)
Sponges
Sponge Facts:
Taxonomy:
Phylum: Porifera
Range:
Cambrian-Recent
Mode of Life: Marine, benthic,
filter feeder
Mineral composition: spongin with
spicules or calcite (calcisponges)
Fossil Pres.: mineral replacement or
pristine
Stromatoporoids
Now known to be a type of
sponge. They were important
paleozoic reef builders
Stromatoporoids
Stromatoporoid Facts:
Taxonomy:
Phylum: Porifera
Range:
Ordovician-Mississippian
Cretaceous?
Mode of Life: Marine, benthic,
filter feeder
Mineral composition: calcite
Fossil Pres.: pristine
Stromatolites
The first “visible” fossils
Stromatolites
Stromatolite Facts:
Taxonomy:
Kingdom: Cyanobacteria
Range:
Archean-Recent
Mode of Life: Marine, benthic,
colonial, photosynthesis
Mineral composition: calcite
Fossil Pres.: pristine
Corals
One of the most important
animals as far as geology is
concerned.
They evolved early and
showed amazing diversity
Corals
Coral Facts:
Taxonomy:
Phylum: Cnidaria
Corals
Coral Facts:
Taxonomy:
Phylum: Cnidaria
Class: Anthozoa
Corals
Coral Facts:
Taxonomy:
Phylum: Cnidaria
Class: Anthozoa
Subclass: Rugosa
Tabulata
Scleractinia
Corals
Coral Facts:
Taxonomy:
Phylum: Cnidaria
Class: Anthozoa
Subclass: Rugosa
Tabulata
Scleractinia
Range:
Rugosa (Cambrian-P/T)
Corals
Coral Facts:
Taxonomy:
Phylum: Cnidaria
Class: Anthozoa
Subclass: Rugosa
Tabulata
Scleractinia
Range:
Rugosa (Cambrian-P/T)
Tabulata (Ordovician-P/T)
Corals
Coral Facts:
Taxonomy:
Phylum: Cnidaria
Class: Anthozoa
Subclass: Rugosa
Tabulata
Scleractinia
Range:
Rugosa (Cambrian-P/T)
Tabulata (Ordovician-P/T)
Scleractinia (Triassic-Recent)
Corals
Coral Facts:
Taxonomy:
Phylum: Cnidaria
Class: Anthozoa
Subclass: Rugosa
Tabulata
Scleractinia
Range:
Rugosa (Cambrian-P/T)
Tabulata (Ordovician-P/T)
Scleractinia (Triassic-Recent)
Mode of Life: Marine, benthic, filter
feeder, colonial or solitary (stinging cells)
Corals
Coral Facts:
Taxonomy:
Phylum: Cnidaria
Class: Anthozoa
Subclass: Rugosa
Tabulata
Scleractinia
Range:
Rugosa (Cambrian-P/T)
Tabulata (Ordovician-P/T)
Scleractinia (Triassic-Recent)
Mode of Life: Marine, benthic, filter
feeder, colonial or solitary (stinging cells)
Mineral composition: calcite or aragonite
Corals
Coral Facts:
Taxonomy:
Phylum: Cnidaria
Class: Anthozoa
Subclass: Rugosa
Tabulata
Scleractinia
Range:
Rugosa (Cambrian-P/T)
Tabulata (Ordovician-P/T)
Scleractinia (Triassic-Recent)
Mode of Life: Marine, benthic, filter
feeder, colonial or solitary (stinging cells)
Mineral composition: calcite or aragonite
Fossil Pres.: pristine, molds/chalky/replaced
Bryozoans (Moss Animals)
Bryozoan Facts:
Taxonomy:
Phylum: Bryozoa (old)
Phyla: Entoprocta, Ectoprocta (new)
Bryozoans
Bryozoan Facts:
Taxonomy:
Phylum: Bryozoa (old)
Phyla: Entoprocta, Ectoprocta (new)
Range:
Ordovician-Recent
Bryozoans
Bryozoan Facts:
Taxonomy:
Phylum: Bryozoa (old)
Phyla: Entoprocta, Ectoprocta (new)
Range:
Ordovician-Recent
Mode of Life: Marine, benthic, filter feeder,
colonial
Bryozoans
Bryozoan Facts:
Taxonomy:
Phylum: Bryozoa (old)
Phyla: Entoprocta, Ectoprocta (new)
Range:
Ordovician-Recent
Mode of Life: Marine, benthic, filter feeder,
colonial
Mineral composition: calcite and aragonite
Bryozoans
Bryozoan Facts:
Taxonomy:
Phylum: Bryozoa (old)
Phyla: Entoprocta, Ectoprocta (new)
Range:
Ordovician-Recent
Mode of Life: Marine, benthic, filter feeder,
colonial
Mineral composition: calcite and aragonite
Fossil Pres.: pristine
Bryozoan Forms
Digitate
Lacy
Bryozoan Anatomy
The living chambers are called zooecia
The animals are called zooids
Stratigraphy and Rock Suites
Collections of rocks from a specific region that cover a specific time frame
1) Niagara Falls (limestone
and dolostone)
Stratigraphy and Rock Suites
Why a waterfall and not a set of rapids? Consider the
stratigraphy.
1) Niagara Falls
Stratigraphy and Rock Suites
Rate of retreat
Lab Time
GY 112L: Earth History
Lab 8: Paleozoic Rocks and Fossils 2
Instructor: Dr. Doug Haywick
[email protected]
This is a free open access lecture, but not for commercial purposes.
For personal use only.