Chapter 1
Introduction to Medical Terminology
1. Write the meaning of the following word roots
1. Arthr/o.
2. Cardi/o.
3. Cost/o.
4. Glyc/o.
5. Carcin/o.
6. Oophor/o
2. Write the meaning of the following prefixes.
1. Hemi-.
2. Hypo-.
3. Inter-.
4. Tachy-.
3. Write the meaning of the following suffixes.
1. –al.
2. –algia.
3. –ectomy.
4. –emia.
5. –genic.
6. –plegia.
4. Write the meaning of the medical terms.
1. Arthralgia.
2. Carcinogenic.
3. Hemiplegia.
4. Hypoglycemia.
5. Intercostal.
6. Oophorectomy.
7. Tachycardia.
5. Use a combining form and a suffix to form a medical term.
1. Pain relating to a nerve.
A. Laryngectomy.
2. Gland disease.
B. Arthritis.
3. Abnormal softening of a Kidney.
C. Cardiomegaly.
4. Enlarged heart.
D. Adenopathy.
5. Inflammation of the joint.
E. Nephromalacia.
6. Surgical removal of the voice box.
F. Neuralgia.
6. Write the medical term using the suffix –logy.
1. Study of the stomach.
2. Study of blood.
3. Study of tumors.
4. Study of nerves.
5. Study of x-rays.
6. Study of the eyes.
7. Complete the medical term.
1. The membrane surrounding the heart is peri ___________.
2. Hardening of arteries is arterio _____________________.
3. Enlargement of the liver is hepato __________________.
4. New opening of the windpipe to the outside of the body is tracheo______.
5. Inflammation of the tonsils is ________itis.
6. Study of the eye is ___________ logy.
7. Beyond control (spread of a cancerous tumor) is meta ______
8. Change the singular terms to plural terms.
1. Metastasis. / ___________.
2. Ovum. / _______________.
3. Diverticulum. /____________.
4. Atrium. /____________________.
5. Diagnosis. /_______________.
6. Vertebra. /____________.
9. Circle the correct term to complete the following sentences.
1. A patient was diagnosed with breast cancer. The first phase of her treatment included a
(nephrectomy, mastectomy, pulmonary resection) to remove the breast and the tumor.
After the surgery, the doctor recommended (chemotherapy, radiotherapy,
hydrotherapy) using drugs.
2. The patient’s facial features became coarser and his hands and tongue enlarged. After a
head CT scan, doctors diagnosed the cause of these changes as (hyperglycemia,
hyperthyroidism, acromegaly), a slowly progressive endocrine condition involving the
pituitary gland.
3. Each winter during cold and flu season. Daisy developed (chondromalacia, bronchitis,
and cardiomyopathy). Her doctor prescribed antibiotics and respiratory therapy to help
her recover.
4. After (arthroscopy, laparotomy, radiotherapy) on his knee, Alan had swelling and
inflammation near the small incisions.
5. David enjoyed weight lifting, but he recently noticed a bulge in his right groin region. His
doctor, who made the diagnosis of (hiatal hernia, rectocele, inguinal hernia).
10. Match the medical condition with the treating specialist.
1. Gastroenterologist.
A. Ovarian cysts.
2. Hematologist.
B. Bipolar disorder.
3. Nephrologist.
C. Breast cancer.
4. Oncologist.
D. Anemia.
5. Gynecologist.
E. Cerebrovascular accident.
6. Psychiatrist.
F. Cystitis.
7. Neurologist.
G. Stomach ulcer.
11. Select the medical term
Arthralgia
Endocrine
Hepatoma
Carcinogenic
Leukocytosis
1.
When Sam smoked cigarettes, he inhaled a ____________ substance with each puff.
2.
The patient’s liver enlarged, giving him abdominal pain. His radiologic tests and
biopsy revealed a malignant tumor, or _________.
3.
The patient complained of pain in her hip joints, knees, and shoulders each morning.
She was told that she had painful joints, or _______.
4.
A doctor trained to treat disorders of the pancreas, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, and
pituitary gland. The doctor is an expert in the ___________ glands.
5.
The patient’s sore throat, fever, and chills made her doctor order a white blood cell
count. The results, indicating infection, showed a slight increase in normal cells, a
condition called __________.
2
12. Select the medical term.
Iatrogenic
Osteoarthritis
Psychiatrist
Leukemia
Neuropathy
1. DD’s white blood cell count is 10 times higher than normal. Examination revealed
cancerous white blood cells or _______.
2. DJ was resuscitated in the emergency room after experiencing a heart attack. He suffered
a broken rib as a result of the physician’s chest compressions. This is an example of a
(an) ____________ fracture.
3. 72-year-old male suffers from a joint disease that is caused by the wearing a way of tissue
around her joints. This disease, which literally means inflammation of bones and joints, is
___________________.
4. Rose has suffered from diabetes with hyperglycemia for many years. This condition can
lead to long-term complications, such as the disease of nerves called diabetic _________.
5. Mrs. Jones had many problems with her job, her husband, and her family relationships.
She went to see a _____to treat her depression.
13. Choose the correct diagnostic or treatment procedure for each definition.
Amniocentesis
Laparoscopy
Thoracentesis
Mastectomy
Angioplasty
Angiography
Laparotomy
1. Large abdominal incision to remove an ovarian adenocarcinoma.
2. Removal of an adenocarcinoma of the breast.
3. A method used to determine the karyotype of a fetus.
4. Surgical procedure to open clogged coronary arteries.
5. Method of removing fluid from the chest (pleural effusion).
6. X-ray procedure used to examine blood vessels before surgery.
7. Minimally invasive surgery within the abdomen.
14. Match the following terms with their meanings below.
Anemia
Laparoscope
Necrosis
Atrophy
Metastasis
Osteomalacia
Chemotherapy
1. Treatment using drugs.
2. Condition of death (of cells).
3. Softening of bone.
4. No development/shrinkage of cells.
5. Beyond control: spread of a cancerous tumor to another organ.
6. Instrument to visually examine the abdomen.
7. Patient’s blood count showed a reduced number of red blood cells, indicating ___.
3
15. Complete the following sentences.
a. Arthroscopy
d. Oncologist
g. Prognosis
b. Cardiology
e. Ophthalmology
h. Radiology
c. Gynecology
f. Orthopedics
1. A physician who treats carcinomas and sarcomas is a (an) ______.
2. The doctor told his patient that his condition would improve with treatment in a few weeks.
She said his ________ is excellent and he can expect total recovery.
3. The doctor suggested _________ to visually examine my swollen, painful knee.
4. The patient had cough and fever. Her doctor instructed her to go to the ____ department for
a chest x-ray examination.
5. Ruth is a stock trader. She has had a pounding and racing heartbeat. She would consult a
physician specializing in _________.
6. The patient is experiencing excessive bleeding from fibroid tumors. She would consult a
specialist in ________.
7. Jose has persistent pain in his lower back. He would be seen for an examination by a
physician in ________.
8. A physician who performs eye exams is specializing in the field of ___.
16. Select the term related to blood and blood vessels to complete the sentences below.
Leukocytosis
Venules
Hematoma
Arterioles
Thrombocytopenia
Leukemia
1. Joe has low platelet count, a condition called ______.
2. Small arteries or ____ were broken under Ben’s scalp when he was struck on the head.
He soon developed a mass of blood, a (an) ____ under the skin in that region of her head.
3. Sarah had a staphylococcal infection causing elevation of her white blood cell count. She
was treated with antibiotics and _______returned to normal.
4. Within the body, the bone marrow makes blood cells. Scott developed _______ a
malignant condition of the bone marrow cells.
5. Small vessels that carry blood toward the heart from capillaries and tissues are _______.
4
Chapter 2
Body Structure
1. Identify the meaning of the following roots (R).
1. Anter/o.
2. Cervic/o.
3. Coccyg/o.
4. Dist/o.
5. Dors/o.
6. Gaster/o.
7. Hist/o.
8. Ili/o.
9. Inguin/o.
10. Kary/o.
11. Later/o.
12. Later/o.
13. Lumb/o.
14. Medi/o.
15. Pelv/i.
16. Peritone/o.
17. Poster/o.
18. Proxim/o.
19. Pub/o.
20. Sacr/o.
21. Sacr/o.
22. Sarc/o.
23. Stern/o.
24. Thorac/o.
25. Umbilic/o.
26. Ventr/o.
27. viscer/o.
2. Identify the meaning of the following suffixes (S).
1. –ior.
2. –al.
3. –eal.
4. –plasm.
5. –al.
6. –al.
7. –logy.
8. –ic.
9. –al.
10. –type.
11. –ior.
12. –oma.
3. Identify the meaning of the following prefixes (S).
1. epi -.
2. sub-.
3. supra-.
4. uni-.
4. Identify the prefixes/ word roots or combining form/ suffixes and give the meaning
Example: Retroperitoneal.
o P: retroo R: peritone/o.
o S: -al
o Meaning: behind the peritoneum
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Anterior.
Cervical.
Coccygeal.
Cytoplasm.
Distal.
Dorsal.
Epigastric.
Histology.
Iliac.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
Inguinal.
Karyotype.
Lateral.
Lumbosacral.
Medial.
Pelvic.
Posterior.
Proximal.
Suprapubic.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
Sacral.
Sarcoma.
Substernal.
Thoracic.
Umbilical.
Unilateral.
Ventral.
Visceral.
5
5. Match right column with the left column
1. Distal.
A. away from the surface.
2. Prone.
B. toward the surface.
3. Lateral.
C. located closer to point of attachment.
4. Inferior.
D. Caudal.
5. Deep.
E. tip or summit of an organ.
6. Apex.
F. lying face down.
7. Base .
G. Cephalic.
8. Posterior.
H. Ventral.
9. Superficial.
I. Dorsal.
10. Supine.
J. lying face up.
11. Anterior.
K. to the side.
12. Medial.
L. Middle.
13. Proximal.
M. bottom or lower part of an organ.
14. Superior.
N. located away from point of attachment to the body.
6. Give the opposite of the following terms.
1. Deep. / _______________.
2. Medial. / ______________.
3. Proximal. / ____________.
4. Dorsal. / ______________.
7.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Supine. / ______________.
Superior. / _____________.
Anterior. / _____________.
Cephalic/ ______________.
Match right column with the left column
1. Malignant tumor of flesh tissue.
2. Picture of the chromosomes in the cell nucleus.
3. Pertaining to the chest.
4. Pertaining to spinal cord.
5. Pertaining to nerves.
A. Spinal.
B. Neural.
C. Sarcoma.
D. Thoracic.
E. Karyotype.
8. Circle the correct term to complete the following sentences.
1. The doctor felt that the patient’s condition of thrombocytopenia was a clear (analysis,
contraindication, synthesis) to performing elective surgery.
2. An 82-year-old patient complained of (malaise, dialysis, insomnia) despite taking the
sleeping medication that his doctor prescribed.
3. After hiking in the Grand Canyon without an adequate water supply, Julie experienced
(hyperglycemia, dehydration, hypothyroidism).
4. At 65 years of age male often felt fullness in his urinary bladder but had difficulty urinating.
He visited his (cardiologist, nephrologist, urologist), who examined his prostate gland and
diagnosed (hypertrophy, atrophy, ischemia).
5. After running a Marathon, the patient felt nauseated and dizzy. She realized that she was
experiencing (malaise, euphoria, hypoglycemia) and drank a sports drink containing sugar.
This made her feel better.
6
9. Match the following
a. Craniotomy.
b. Thoracotomy.
c. Diskectomy.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
d.
e.
f.
Mediastinoscopy.
Laryngectomy.
Arthroscopy.
g.
Peritoneoscopy.
Inspection and repair of torn cartilage in the knee.
Removal of a diseased or injured portion of the brain.
Inspection of lymph nodes in the region between the lungs.
Removal of a squamous cell carcinoma in the voice box.
Open heart surgery, or removal of lung tissue.
Inspection of abdominal organs and removal of diseased tissue.
Relief of symptoms from a bulging intervertebral disk.
7
Chapter 3
Integumentary System
1.
2.
write the meaning of the following roots (R).
1. adip/o.
2. cutane/o.
3. derm/o.
4. dermat/o.
5. eryth/o.
6. erythem/o.
7. hidr/o.
8. hist/o.
9. kerat/o.
10. leuk/o.
11. lip/o.
write the meaning of the following prefixes (P).
1.
2.
3.
4.
3.
dyshyperhypoepi-
5. sub6. an7. par-
write the meaning of the following suffixes (S).
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
4.
12. melan/o.
13. onych/o.
14. path/o.
15. plas/o.
16. rhytid/o.
17. seb/o.
18. Steat/o.
19. trich/o.
20. xanth/o.
21. xer/o.
–lysis.
–plasia.
–plakia.
–osis.
–ic.
–al.
–ous.
–osis.
–logy.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
–ia.
–it is.
–oma.
–osis.
–cyte.
–osis.
–rrhea.
–oma.
For the following terms, write out the prefixes (P), roots (R), suffixes (S), and definition
Example: Dermatologist.
a) R: dermat/o.
b) S: logist.
c) Definition: Skin specialist.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Onycholysis
Dysplasia
Leukoplakia
Hyperkeratosis
hypodermic
Epidermal
Subcutaneous
Anhidrosis
Histopathology
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
Paronychia
Erythrodermatitis
Lipoma
Adiposis
Melanocyte
Xerosis
Seborrhea
Xanthoma
8
5. Match the following.
1. Pediculosis capitis.
2. Cicatrix.
3. Seborrheic dermatitis.
4. Urticaria.
5. Verruca.
6. Nevus.
7. Furuncle.
8. Comedo.
9. Ecchymosis.
10. Pediculosis pubis.
6.
7.
A. mole.
B. black and blue mark.
C. blackhead.
D. boil.
E. crabs.
F. cradle cap.
G. head lice.
H. hives.
I. scar.
J. wart.
Give the Medical Term for the following.
1. Inflammation of the skin.
2. Any abnormal skin condition.
3. Surgical repair of the skin.
4. A black tumor.
5. An abnormal condition of the hair caused by a fungus.
6. Softening of the nails.
7. Infection around the nail.
8. Nail eating (biting).
9. Excision of the nail.
Match the definition with the medical term.
1. Surgical removal of wrinkled skin.
2. Instrument to cut thin slices of skin.
3. Surgical removal of fat.
4. Skin grafting.
5. Remove skin with brushes.
6. Remove damaged skin.
7. Thickened cicatrix.
8. Large blisters.
9. Increase growth of epidermal layer due to excess friction.
8. Match the definition with the medical term.
1. Decubitus ulcer.
2. Lack of skin pigment.
3. Hardened skin.
4. White patches.
5. Birthmark.
6. Excessive hair growth.
7. Death of tissue.
8. Fatty tumor.
9. Baldness.
A. Onychomalacia.
B. Dermatosis.
C. Trichomycosis.
D. Dermatoplasty.
E. Paronychia.
F. Onychophagia.
G. Dermatitis.
H. Melanoma.
I. Onychectomy.
A. Debridement.
B. Lipectomy.
C. Dermatoplasty.
D. Rhytidectomy.
E. Dermatome.
F. Dermabrasion.
G. Keloid.
H. bullae.
I. Callus.
A. Nevus.
B. Lipoma.
C. Albino.
D. Bedsore.
E. Leukoplakia.
F. Hirsutism.
G. Alopecia.
H. Gangrene.
I. Scleroderma.
9
9.
Match the definition with the medical term.
1. A pus-containing raised spot on the skin is called.
2. A small, flat, discolored area, such as a freckle, is called.
3. A small tumor with a pedicle or stem is called.
4. A bacterial skin infection that results in pustules and crusts.
A. Polyp.
B. Macule.
C. Pustule.
D. Impetigo.
10. Match the following medical terms with their more common meanings below.
1. Destruction of tissue with electric current.
A. seborrheic dermatitis.
2. Abnormal condition of lack of sweat.
B. tinea pedis.
3. Athlete’s foot.
C. cauterization.
4. Dandruff.
D. Anhidrosis.
5. Dry skin.
E. Psoriasis.
6. Red, scaly patches.
F. Xeroderma.
7. Pertaining to under the skin.
G. Subcutaneous.
11.
Match the definition with the medical term.
a. Fissure
c. Paronychia
e. Shingles
b. Petechie
d. Xeroderma
f. Scabies
1. The patient has a painful eruption of vesicles along a nerve. This condition is called ___.
2. The winter climates can cause dry skin. The medical term is _______.
3. The patient has small pinpoint purplish spots caused by bleeding under the skin. This is
called _______.
4. An infection around the entire nail is called ________.
5. A crack or groove in the skin is referred to as a ____.
6. A contagious skin disease caused by a mite is _____.
10
Chapter 4
Musculoskeletal
1. Write the meaning of the following root (R).
1. arthr/o.
2. burs/o.
3. Carcin/o.
4. cardi/o.
5. chondr/o.
6. clavicul/o.
7. cost/o.
8. crani/o.
9. electr/o.
10. fasci/o.
11. fibr/o.
12. hem/o.
13. hydr/o.
14. kyph/o.
15. lamin/o.
16. leiomy/o.
2. Write the meaning of the following prefixes (P).
1. inter2. peri3. poly3. Write the meaning of the following suffixes (S).
1. -al
2. -algia
3. -ar
4. -centesis
5. -clasis
6. -desis
7. -dynia
8. -dys
9. -ectomy
10. -genesis
11. -gram
12. -graphy
13. -itis
14. -lith
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
lord/o.
lumb/o.
metacarp/o.
metatars/o.
my/o.
myel/o.
myos/o.
oste/o.
rhabdomy/o.
sarc/o.
scoli/o.
tars/o.
ten/o.
tend/o.
tendin/o.
vertebr/o.
4.
5.
subsupra-
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
-malacia
-oma
-osis
-ous
-pathy
-penia
-plasty
-poly
-porosis
-rrhaphy
-scopy
-tome
-tomy
-trophy
11
4. Identify the prefix (P), root (R), suffix (S) and give the meaning of the medical term.
Example: Achondroplasia.
o P: -a = no; not; without
o R: chondr/o = cartilage
o S: plasia = development, formation, growth
o Definition: defect in the formation of the cartilage at the epiphysis produce dwarfism.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
Arthralgia.
Arthritis.
Arthrocentesis.
Arthroclasia.
Arthrodesis.
Arthroscopy.
Arthrotomy.
Bursectomy.
Bursitis.
Bursolith.
Chondrectomy.
Chondromalacia.
Chondroplasty.
Chondroma.
Chondrosarcoma.
Craniotome.
Craniotomy.
Electromyogram.
Electromyography.
Fasciectomy.
Fasciitis.
Fasciorrhaphy.
Fasciotomy.
Fibromyalgia.
Hemarthrosis.
Hydrarthrosis.
Intervertebral.
Intracranial.
Kyphoplasty.
Kyphosis.
Laminectomy.
Leiomyoam.
Leiomyofibroma.
Leiomyosarcoma.
Lordosis.
Lumbodynia.
Metacarpectomy.
Metatarsalgia.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
Myalgia.
Myeloma.
Myocardial.
Myopathy.
Myoplasty.
Myorrhaphy.
Myositis.
Ostealgia.
Osteitis.
Osteoarthritis.
Osteocarcinoma.
Osteochondroma.
Osteoclasia.
Osteodystrophy.
Osteogenesis.
Steomalacia.
Osteomyelitis.
Osteopathy.
Osteopenia.
Osteoplasty.
Osteoporosis
Osteotome.
Osteotomy.
Periarthritis.
Polyarthritis.
Rhabdomyoma.
Rhabdomyosarcoma.
Scoliosis.
Subcostal.
Supraclavicular.
Tarsectomy.
Tendinitis.
Tendinous.
Tendoplasty.
Tendotomy.
Tenodynia.
Tenomyopathy.
Tenorraphy.
12
5.
Match the combining form with its meaning.
1. Cartilage.
A. Chondr/o.
2. Vertebra.
B. Myel/o.
3. Bone marrow.
C. Cervic/o.
4. Neck.
D. Arthr/o.
5. Chest.
E. my/o.
6. Joint.
F. Spondyl/o
7. Rib.
G. Thorac/o.
8. Muscle.
H. Cost/o.
6. Write the suffix and provide an example
1. -Desis.
2. -Clasis.
3. -Asthenia.
4. -Kinesis.
5. -Malacia.
6. -Porosis.
7.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Match the following
Inflammation of a tendon.
Benign tumor of cartilage.
Malignant tumor of cartilage.
Incision of a joint.
Softening of cartilage.
Blood in a joint.
Suture of a tendon.
8. Give the medical term
1. Skeletal muscle tumor.
2. Skeletal muscle destruction.
3. Tendon pain.
4. Tendon and muscle disease.
5. Surgical fusion of a joint.
6. Surgical repair of a joint.
7. Incision into a joint.
8. Inflammation of a joint.
9. Inflammation of joint and cartilage.
10. Pain in the joints.
11. Surgical incision into the skull.
12. Surgical repair of the skull.
13. Pertaining to inside the skull.
A. Fuse.
B. Weakness.
C. Abnormal softening.
D. To surgically break.
E. Movement.
F. Porous.
A. Chondromalacia.
B. Hemarthrosis.
C. Arthrotomy.
D. Chondroma.
E. Tendinitis.
F. Tenorrhaphy.
G. Chondrosarcoma.
A. Rhabdomyoma.
B. Arthritis.
C. Arthroplasy.
D. Arthrochondritis.
E. Arthralgia.
F. Arthodesis.
G. Craniotomy.
H. Intracranial.
I. Rabdomyolysis.
J. Tenodynia.
K. tendomyopathy.
L. Arthrotomy.
M. Cranioplasty.
13
9. Match the term for muscle action with its meaning
1. Movement away from the midline.
2. Turning the palm backward.
3. Turning the palm forward.
4. Straightening out a limb or joint.
5. Bending the foot downward.
6. Circular movement around an axis.
7. Bending a limb.
8. Movement toward the midline.
9. Bending of the foot upward.
10. Moving the foot inward.
11. Moving the foot outward.
10. Define the following terms
1. Chondroplasty.
2. Bradykinesia.
3. Lordosis.
4. Atrophy.
5. Myeloma.
6. Phalanges.
7. Coccyx.
8. Arthrocentesis.
9. Bursolith.
11.
Give the medical term
1. Porous bone.
2. Surgical repair of the bone.
3. Incision of the bone.
4. Instrument to cut bone.
5. Inflammation of the bone and bone marrow.
6. Softening of the bones.
7. Tumor composed of both bone and cartilage.
8. Muscle disease.
9. Surgical repair of muscle.
10. Suture of muscle.
12. Give the meaning
1. Arthroscopy.
2. Intervertebral.
3. Chondromalacia.
4. Diskectomy.
5. Orthopedics.
6. Podiatrist.
7. Orthotics.
8. Prosthetist.
A. Extension.
B. Rotation.
C. Flexion.
D. Adduction.
E. Pronation.
F. Dorsiflexion.
G. Plantar flexion.
H. Abduction.
I. Supination.
J. Inversion
K. Eversion.
A. Puncture a joint to withdraw fluid.
B. Surgical repair of cartilage.
C. Swayback.
D. Lack of development.
E. Bone marrow tumor.
F. Finger bone.
G. Tail bone.
H. Stone in a bursa.
I. Slow movement.
A. Myorrhaphy.
B. Osteoporosis.
C. Myoplasty.
D. Osteoplasty.
E. Osteotomy.
F. Osteochondroma.
G. Myopathy.
H. Osteotome.
I. Osteomalacia.
J. Osteomyelitis
A. Between vertebrae.
B. A brace or splint used to prevent or correct deformities.
C. Specialist in treating disorders of the feet.
D. Physician who specializes in musculoskeletal system.
E. Softening of cartilage.
F. Excision of an intervertebral disk.
G. To see inside the joint.
H. Person who fabricates and fits prostheses.
14
13. Select the best answer
Lateral epicondylitis
Whiplash
Pseudotrophic muscular dystrophy
Osteoporosis
Rickets
Osteogenic Sarcoma
Scoliosis
Systemic lupus erythematosus
1. Kara, age 85, is being treated for a broken hip. Her physician will be running tests for what
potential ailment?
2. Janet age 7 months, is being given orange juice and vitamin supplements to avoid what
condition?
3. George began to have severe elbow pain after playing tennis several days in a row. He most
probably has what condition?
4. JJ was involved in a rear-end collision. He is complaining of severe headaches and neck
stiffness. He most probably has what condition?
5. The patient’s physician has discovered a tumor at the end of his femur. He has been admitted
to the hospital for a biopsy to rule out what type of bone cancer?
6. The school nurse has asked the patient to bend over so that she may examine her back to see if
she is developing a lateral curve. What is the nurse looking for?
7. The patient has experienced a gradual loss of muscle strength over the past 5 years even
though his muscles look large and healthy. The doctors believe he has an inherited muscle
disease. What is that disease?
8. The patient has suddenly developed arthritis in her hands and knees, an aversion to the sun,
and a butterfly rash across her nose and cheeks. What is one of the diseases that her physician
will wish to rule out?
15
Chapter 5
Cardiovascular System
1. Write the meaning of the following roots (R).
1. Angi/o.
2. Aort/o.
3. Arter/o.
4. Arteri/o.
5. Arteriol/o.
6. Ather/o.
7. Atri/o.
8. Brachi/o.
9. Cardi/o.
10. Cholesterol/o.
11. Constrict/o.
12. Coron/o.
13. Cyan/o.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
Dilat/o.
Myocardi/o.
Ox/o.
Pector/o.
Phleb/o.
Thromb/o.
Valvul/o.
Varic/o.
Vas/o.
Vascul/o.
Ven/i.
Ven/o.
Ventricul/o.
2. Write the meaning of the following prefixes (P).
1. Brady2. Endo3. Hyper4. Hypo-
5. Inter6. Peri7. Tachy-
3. Write the meaning of the following suffixes (S).
1. -al.
2. -ar.
3. -ary
4. -centesis.
5. -dynia.
6. -ectomy.
7. -genesis.
8. -genic
9. -gram.
10. –graph.
11. -graphy.
12. -ia.
13. -ic.
14. -itis.
15. -lysis.
16. -megaly.
17. -ole.
18. -oma.
19. -osis.
20. -pathy.
21. -plasty.
22. -rrhaphy.
23. -rrhexis.
24. -sclerosis.
25. -spasm.
26. -stenosis.
27. -stomy.
28. -tomy.
29. -ule.
4. Write out the prefixes (P), roots (R), and suffixes (S). Then define the term.
 Angiography.
o R: Angi/o = blood vessel
o S: graphy = process of recording
o Definition: process of recording blood vessel
16
1. Angioplasty.
2. Angiorrhaphy.
3. Angiospasm.
4. Angiostenosis.
5. Aortogram.
6. Aortoplasty.
7. Arteriogram.
8. Arteriography.
9. Arteriole.
10. Arteriorrhexis.
11. Arteriosclerosis.
12. Arteriostenosis.
13. Atherectomy.
14. Atherogenesis.
15. Atheroma.
16. Atherosclerosis.
17. Atherothrombosis.
18. Atrioventricular.
19. Brachial artery.
20. Bradycardia.
21. Cardioaortic.
22. Cardiodynia.
23. Cardiogenic shock.
24. Cardiomegaly.
25. Cardiomyopathy.
26. Cardiorrhaphy.
27. Cardiotoxic.
28. Coronary arteries.
29. Cyanosis.
30. Endocardial.
31. Endovascular.
32. Hypercholesterol.
33. Hypoxia.
34. Interatrial.
35. Interventricular.
36. Myocardial.
37. Pectoral.
38. Pericardiocentesis.
39. Phlebitis.
40. Phleborrhaphy.
41. Phlebotomy.
42. Tachycardia.
43. Thrombolysis.
44. Thrombophlebitis.
45. Valvular.
46. Valvulitis.
47. Valvuloplasty.
48. Varicosis.
49. Vascular.
50. Vasculopathy.
51. Vasoconstriction.
52. Vasodilation.
53. Vasospasm.
54. Venostomy.
55. Venotomy.
56. Ventricular.
57. Venule.
58. Vintriculogram.
5. Match the combining form with the meaning given:
1. Pector/o.
A. Heart.
2. Phleb/o.
B. Chest.
3. Angi/o.
C. Fatty paste.
4. Cardi/o.
D. Valve.
5. Arteri/o.
E. Pulse.
6. Thromb/o.
F. Artery.
7. Sphygm/o.
G. Clot.
8. Ather/o.
H. Vessel.
9. Valvul/o.
I. Atrium.
10. Ventricul/o.
J. Ventricle.
11. Atri/o.
K. Vein.
12. Steth/o.
17
6. Complete the following terms using the given definitions.
1. Hardening of arteries.
2. Disease condition of heart muscle.
3. Enlargement of the heart.
4. Inflammation of a vein.
5. High levels of cholesterol in the blood.
6. Condition of deficient oxygen.
7. Narrowing of the mitral valve.
8. Breakdown of a clot.
7. Match the following terms with their meanings:
1. Atherosclerosis.
A. Bulging of a vessel.
2. Embolus.
B. Stationary clot.
3. Occlusion.
C. Cramp in leg muscle.
4. Thrombus.
D. Hard, non-elastic condition.
5. Claudication.
E. Traveling clot that obstructs when it lodges
6. Arteriosclerosis.
F. Buildup of fat
7. Aneurysm
G. Loss of blood flow.
8. Arteriostenosis
H. narrowing of the arteries
9. Hypotension
I. recording electrical activity of heart
10. EKG
J. low blood pressure
8. Give the meanings of the following terms.
1. Cyanosis.
2. Phlebotomy.
3. Cardiogenic shock.
4. Atheroma.
9.
State the medical terms
1. pain in the heart.
2. disease of the heart muscle.
3. enlargement of the heart.
4. abnormally fast heart rate.
5. abnormally slow heart rat.
6. inflammation of the heart.
7. inflammation of a vein.
8. opening a vein (to withdraw blood).
9. suture a vein.
10. inflammation of muscle of heart.
11. inflammation of inner lining of heart.
12. inflammation of outer layer of heart.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Arrhythmia.
Mitral valvulitis.
Vasoconstriction.
Vasodilation.
A. Endocarditis.
B. Bradycardia.
C. Cardiodynia.
D. Myocarditis.
E. Cardiomegaly.
F. Tachycardia.
G. Carditis.
H. Phlebitis.
I. Cardiomyopathy.
J. Phlebotomy.
K. Phleborrhaphy.
L. Epicarditis.
18
10. Match the following terms with their descriptions.
Auscultation.
Atherectomy
Petechiae.
Embolectomy
Essential hypertension.
Secondary hypertension.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Pericardiocentesis
Valvotomy
Small, pinpoint hemorrhages.
Listening with a stethoscope.
High blood pressure in arteries when the etiology is idiopathic.
High blood pressure related to kidney disease.
Incision of a heart valve.
Removal of a clot that has traveled into a blood vessel and suddenly caused occlusion.
Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the pericardial space.
Removal of plaque from an artery.
11. Match
1. Arrhythmia.
2. Bruit.
3. Commissurotomy.
4. Varicose vein.
5. Catheterization.
6. Sphygmomanometer.
12. Match
Angina pectoris
Pacemaker
Angiography
A. swollen, distended veins.
B. insert thin tubing.
C. irregular heartbeat.
D. to change the size of an opening.
E. blood pressure cuff.
F. Murmur.
varicose veins
Murmur
Echocardiogram
hypertension
Angioma
Holter monitor
1. The patient was born with a congenital condition that results in an abnormal heart sound.
This is called _____.
2. The patient has been placed on a low-sodium diet and medication to bring her blood
pressure to a normal range. She suffers from ___________.
3. The patient has had an artificial device called ___________ inserted to control the
beating of his heart by producing rhythmic electrical impulses.
4. The patient has swollen, tortuous veins in the leg. This called ___________.
5. The patient has persistent chest pains that require medication. The term for the pain is
_____.
6. Stephen’s physician scheduled an X-ray to determine the extent of his blood vessel
damage. This test is called
7. A patient who is scheduled to have a diagnostic procedure that uses ultrasound to
produce an image of the heart valves is going to have
8. Rolando has been diagnosed with a benign tumor of the blood vessels. This is called
9. Eric must wear a device for 24 hours that will keep track of his heart activity as he
performs his normal daily routine. This device is called _____.
19
Chapter 6, Blood and Lymph
1. Write the meaning of the following roots (R).
1. Aden/o.
13. Lymph/o.
2. Blast/o.
14. Myel/o.
3. Chrom/o.
15. Path/o.
4. Chyl/o.
16. Phag/o.
5. Cyt/o.
17. Plas/o.
6. Erythr/o.
18. Reticul/o.
7. Fibrin/o.
19. Sanguin/o.
8. Granul/o.
20. Splen/o.
9. Hem/o.
21. Thromb/o.
10. Hemat/o.
22. Thym/o.
11. Immun/o.
23. Tonsill/o.
12. Leuk/o.
2. Write the meaning of the following prefixes (P).
1. Meta-
2. Dys-
3. Write the meaning of the following suffixes (S).
1. -blast
2. -cyte.
3. -ectomy.
4. -emia.
5. -gen.
6. -genic.
7. -globin.
8. -gram.
9. -ic.
10. -itis.
11. -logy.
12. -lysis.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
-megaly.
-oma.
-osis.
-ous.
-pathy.
-penia.
-pexy.
-plasia.
-poiesis.
-rrhage.
-rrhagia.
-stasis.
4. Identify the prefixes (P), roots (R), and suffixes (S). Then define the word.
 Dyshematopoiesis
o P: dyso R: hemat/o
o S: -poiesis
o Definition: difficult, or faulty/ blood/ formation
1. Adenoidectomy.
8. Fibrinolysis.
2. Adenoiditis.
9. Granulocyte.
3. Agranulocyte.
10. Hematology.
4. Anemia.
11. Hematoma.
5. Erythroblastosis.
12. Hematopoiesis.
6. Erythrocyte.
13. Hemoglobin.
7. Fibrinogen.
14. Hemolysis.
20
15. Hemorrhage.
16. Hemostasis.
17. Immunoglobulin.
18. Immunology.
19. Immunotoxic.
20. Leukocyte.
21. Leukocytopenia.
22. Lymphadenectomy.
23. Lymphadenitis.
24. Lymphadenopathy.
25. Lymphangiogram.
26. Lymphatic.
27. Lymphoma.
28. Metastasis.
29. Myelodysplasia.
5. Match the following cells with their meanings.
1. Red blood cell.
2. Liquid portion of blood.
3. Coagulation.
4. Decrease number of red blood cells.
5. Destruction of red blood cells.
6. Small red blood cells.
7. Variation in size of red blood cells.
8. Percentage of red blood cells in blood
9. Cells that help in making blood clot.
30. Pathogenic.
31. Pathology.
32. Reticulocyte.
33. Reticulocytosis.
34. Sanguinous.
35. Splenectomy.
36. Splenomegaly.
37. Splenopexy.
38. Splenorrhagia.
39. Thrombocyte.
40. Thymectomy.
41. Thymoma.
42. Thymopathy.
43. Tonsillectomy.
44. Tonsillitis.
A. Erythrocyte.
B. Plasma
C. Microcytosis.
D. Clotting
E. Erythrocytopenia.
F. Hemolysis.
G. Hematocrit
H. Poikilocytosis.
I. Platelet.
6. Match the medical term with the correct letter.
1. Allergy.
A. Abnormal.
2. Rh-positive.
B. stimulates antibody formation.
3. Phagocytosis.
C. decreased RBCs.
4. Atypical.
D. hypersensitivity.
5. Corticosteroid.
E. engulfing.
6. Anemia.
F. Protective blood protein.
7. Antibody.
G. strong anti-inflammatory properties.
8. Antigen.
H. presence of blood factor.
7. Give the Medical term
1. too few white blood cells.
2. too few red blood cells.
3. too few clotting cells.
4. increase in WBC.
5. increase in RBC.
6. increase in clotting cells.
7. immunity protein.
A. Erythrocytosis.
B. Immunoglobulin.
C. Thrombocytopenia.
D. Erythrocytopenia.
E. Leukocytosis.
F. Thrombocytosis.
G. Leukocytopenia.
21
8. Give the Medical term
1. The study of the blood is.
2. Enlargement of the spleen.
3. Surgical removal of the spleen.
4. Suture of the spleen.
5. Incision into the spleen.
6. Tumor of the spleen.
7. Softening of the spleen.
8. Lymph cells.
9. Tumor of the lymph system.
A. Lymphoma.
B. Hematology.
C. Splenoma.
D. Lymphocyte.
E. Splenomegaly.
F. Splenorraphy.
G. Splenomalacia.
H. Splenectomy.
I. Splenotomy.
9. Give the Medical term.
1. disease of a lymph gland.
2. tumor of a lymph gland.
3. inflammation of a lymph gland.
4. specialist in immune system.
5. study of the immune system.
6. too few blood cells.
7. relating to the blood.
8. blood tumor or mass.
9. blood formation.
10. blood standing still.
A. Lymphadenoma.
B. Hematoma.
C. Lymphadenitis.
D. Hematopoiesis.
E. Hemostasis.
F. Lymphadenopathy.
G. Hematic.
H. Immunologist.
I. Hematocytopenia.
J. Immunology.
10. Match.
1. Thalassemia.
2. Nosocomial.
3. A, B, AB, O.
4. Serum.
5. Prothrombin time.
6. Vaccination.
7. Fibrinogen.
A. clotting time test.
B. blood type.
C. Protein necessary for forming a blood clot.
D. type of anemia.
E. infection acquired in the hospital.
F. has no clotting factors.
G. immunization.
11. Match
Kaposi’s sarcoma
Mononucleosis
Hodgkin’s disease
Polycythemia Vera
Anaphylactic shock
AIDS
Pneumocystis carinii
HIV
1. condition characterized by the production of too many red blood cells is called
2. The Epstein-Barr virus is thought to be responsible for what infectious disease?
3. A life-threatening allergic reaction is
4. The virus responsible for causing AIDS is
5. A cancer that is seen frequently in AIDS patients is
6. An ELISA is used to test for
7. Malignant tumors concentrate in lymph nodes with this disease
8. A type of pneumonia seen in AIDS patients is
22
Chapter 7
Respiratory System
1. Identify the meaning of the roots (R).
1. Alveoli/o.
2. Bronch/o
3. Bronchi/o.
4. Bronchiol/o.
5. Laryng/o. /o.
6. Myc/o.
7. Nas/o.
8. Or/o.
9. Ox/o.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
Pector/o.
Pleur/o.
Pneumon/o.
Pulmon/o.
Sinus/o.
Steth/o.
Tonsill/o.
Trache/o.
2. Match the word root with the meaning.
1. Rhin/o.
A. Nose.
2. Laryng/o.
B. Air or lung.
3. Spir/o.
C. Throat.
4. Phren/o.
D. Chest.
5. Pneum/o.
E. Voice box.
6. Pharyng/o.
F. Breathing.
7. Thorac/o
G. Diaphragm.
3. Identify the prefixes (P), roots (R), and suffixes (S). Then define the word.
1. Alveolar.
22. Nasopharyngoscopy.
2. Anoxia.
23. Nasosinusitis
3. Bronchiectasis.
24. Oronasal.
4. Bronchiolectasis.
25. Pansinusitis.
5. Bronchitis.
26. Pectoral.
6. Bronchogram.
27. Phrenoptosis.
7. Bronchoplasty.
28. Pleuritis.
8. Bronchoscope.
29. Pleurocentesis.
9. Bronchospasm.
30. Pleuropexy.
10. Endotracheal.
31. Pneumonic.
11. Hypercarbia.
32. Pulmonary.
12. Hypoxemia.
33. Pulmonology.
13. Hypoxia.
34. Rhinitis.
14. Intranasal.
35. Rhinomycosis.
15. Laryngectomy.
36. Rhinoplasty.
16. Laryngitis.
37. Rhinorrhagia.
17. Laryngoplasty.
38. Rhinorrhea.
18. Laryngoplegia.
39. Spirogram.
19. Laryngospasm.
40. Stethoscope.
20. Lobectomy.
41. Thoracalgia.
21. Lryngostenosis.
42. Thoracic.
23
43.
44.
45.
46.
Thoracocentesis.
Thoracostomy.
Thoracotomy.
Tonsillectomy.
47.
48.
49.
50.
Tracheobronchitis.
Tracheostenosis.
Tracheostomy.
Tracheotomy.
4. Match the following medical terms with proper description.
1. Bronchiectasis.
A. Dilation of bronchus.
2. Spirometry.
B. Lung condition caused by prolonged dust inhalation.
3. Pneumoconiosis.
C. Process of measuring breathing.
4. Tachypnea.
D. Surgical repair of the chest.
5. Dyspnea.
E. Normal breathing.
6. Eupnea.
F. Slow breathing.
7. Thoracoplasty.
G. Difficulty breathing.
8. Bradypnea.
H. Inability to breathe except in an upright position.
9. Orthopnea.
I. Inability to breathe.
10. Apnea.
J. Fast breathing.
5. Select the correct medical term for the following sentences.
1. Thoracentesis.
A. Air in the pleural space.
2. Pneumothorax.
B. Pus in the pleural space.
3. Empyema.
C. Blood in the pleural space.
4. Auscultation.
D. Listening to sounds within the body.
5. Bronchoscope.
E. Endoscope used to examine the airways.
6. Percussion.
F. Coughing up and spitting out material from the lungs.
7. Expectoration.
G. To elicit sounds or vibrations by tapping.
8. Dysphonia.
H. Puncture for aspiration of the chest.
9. Laryngitis.
I. Hoarseness.
10. Hemothorax.
J. Inflammation of the voice box.
11. Hypoxia.
K. Deficient amount of oxygen in tissue cells.
6. Select the correct medical term for the following sentences.
1. Epistaxis.
A. Nosebleed.
2. Stridor.
B. Collapse of lung tissue.
3. Atelectasis.
C. High-pitched sound a sign of obstruction in the upper airway.
4. Tracheostomy.
D. Surgical creation of an opening in the trachea.
5. Asthma.
E. Disease characterized by wheezing, dyspnea, and cough.
6. Hyperventilation.
F. Excessive movement of air in and out of the lungs.
7. Match the following with their descriptions below.
1. Alveoli
A. Air sacs of the lung.
2. Bronchi.
B. Lid-like piece of cartilage that covers the voice box.
3. Bronchioles.
C. Branches of the windpipe that leads into the lungs.
4. Epiglottis.
D. Air-containing cavities in the bones around the nose.
5. Palatine tonsils.
E. Smallest branches of bronchi.
6. Paranasal sinuses.
F. Collections of lymph tissue in the oropharynx.
24
8. Match the terms with the description in the right column.
1. Laryngectomy.
A. Lack of sense of smell.
2. Nasopharyngitis.
B. Removal of the voice box.
3. Glottis.
C. Inflammation of the nose and throat.
4. Tracheal stenosis.
D. Opening to the larynx.
5. Anosmia.
E. Narrowing of the windpipe.
6. Inhalation/inspiration.
F. Incision into the pleura.
7. Pleurotomy.
G. Breathing in.
9. Match the following term with the description below
1. Hypercapnia.
A. Pharyngitis
2. Hemoptysis.
B. Spitting up blood.
3. Hypoxia.
C. Deficiency of oxygen.
4. Pyothorax.
D. Condition of pus in the pleural cavity.
5. Pain in the pleural region.
E. Excessive carbon dioxide in the blood.
6. Sore throat.
F. Pleurisy
7. Inflammation of a sinus.
G. Sinusitis
10. Match the Medical Terms
1. Inflammation of the nose.
2. Rapid flow from the nose.
3. Discharge from the nose.
4. Surgical repair of the nose.
5. Spasm of the larynx.
6. Visual examination of the larynx.
7. Incision of the larynx.
8. Surgical repair of the larynx.
9. Paralysis of the larynx.
10. Bronchial rapid flow.
11. Inflammation of the bronchus.
A. Rhinorrhea
B. Laryngoplasty
C. Laryngoplegia
D. Rhinitis
E. Laryngoscopy
F. Laryngotomy
G. Rhinorrhagia
H. Bronchorrhagia
I. Bronchitis
J. Rhinoplasty
K. Laryngospasm
11. March the Medical Terms
1. Visually examine the interior of bronchus.
2. Bronchus disease.
3. Spasm of the bronchus.
4. Surgical repair of the chest.
5. Incision into the chest.
6. Chest pain.
7. Visual exam inside the chest.
8. Cutting into the trachea.
9. Surgical repair of the trachea.
10. Narrowing of the trachea.
11. Forming an artificial opening into trachea.
12. Suture the trachea.
13. Inflammation of the trachea.
A. Tracheorrhaphy.
B. Tracheitis.
C. Tracheostomy.
D. Tracheotomy.
E. Bronchopathy.
F. Tracheoplasty.
G. Bronchospasm.
H. Thoracotomy.
I. Tracheostenosis.
J. Thoracoscopy.
K. Bronchoscopy.
L. Thoracalgia.
M. Thoracoplasty.
25
Chapter 8
Digestive System
1.
Identify the meaning of the following roots (R).
1. Aphag/o.
2. Append/o.
3. Appendic/o.
4. Bil/i.
5. Bilirubin/o.
6. Bucc/o.
7. Cheil/o.
8. Cholangi/o.
9. Cholecyst/o.
10. Choledoch/o.
11. Col/o.
12. Colon/o.
13. Dent/o.
14. Duoden/o.
15. Enter/o.
16. Esophagi/o.
17. Gastr/o.
18. Gingiv/o.
19. Gloss/o.
20. Hepat/o.
21. Herni/o.
22. Ile/o.
23. Inguin/o.
24. Jejun/o.
25. Lapar/o.
26. Lingu/o.
27. Nas/o.
28. Or/o.
29. Pancreat/o.
30. Peritone/o.
31. Pharyng/o.
32. Proct/o.
33. Pylor/o.
34. Rect/o.
35. Sial/o.
36. Sialaden/o.
37. Sigmoid/o.
38. Steat/o.
39. Stomat/o.
40. Tonsil/o
2. Identify the prefixes (P), roots (R), and suffixes (S). Then define the word.
1. Anorectal.
21. Colectomy.
2. Anorexia.
22. Colonoscope.
3. Aphagia.
23. Colonoscopy.
4. Appendectomy.
24. Colorectal.
5. Appendicitis.
25. Colostomy.
6. Appendix.
26. Dental.
7. Biliary.
27. Dentalgia.
8. Bradypepsia.
28. Dudoenostomy.
9. Buccal.
29. Duodenal.
10. Buccogingival.
30. Dysorexia.
11. Buccolabial.
31. Dyspepsia.
12. Cheilotomy.
32. Dysphagia.
13. Cheilitis.
33. Enteralgia.
14. Cheilorrhaphy.
34. Enterectomy.
15. Cholangiogram.
35. Enteritis.
16. Cholecystectomy.
36. Enterocolitis.
17. Cholecystitis.
37. Enterorrhaphy.
18. Cholecystogram.
38. Gastrectomy.
19. Choledochotomy.
39. Gastritis.
20. Cholelithiasis.
40. Gastrodynia.
26
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
Gastroenteritis.
Gastroenterologist.
Gastroenterology.
Gastroesophageal.
Gastromalacia.
Gastroscope.
Gastrostomy.
Gingivectomy.
Gingivitis.
Glossectomy.
Glossorrhaphy.
Hematemesis.
Hepatitis.
Hepatoma.
Hepatotoxic.
Hernioplasty.
Hypoglossal.
Ileocecal.
Ileojejunitis.
Ileostomy.
Laparoscope.
Laparotomy.
Lithotripsy.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
Nasogastric.
Oral.
Orolingual.
Orthodontic.
Pancreatitis.
Perirectal.
Peritoneocentesis.
Pharyngeal tonsil.
Polyphagia.
Postprandial.
Proctoplasty.
Proctoscope.
Proctosigmoidoscopy.
Pylorospasm.
Rectal.
Sialadenitis.
Sialolith.
Sialolithotomy.
Sigmoidoscope.
Steatorrhea.
Stomatitis.
Transabdominal.
3. Match the root with its meaning
1. Esophg/o.
A. Esophagus.
2. Hepat/o.
B. Tongue.
3. Ile/o.
C. Lip.
4. proct/o.
D. Liver.
5. gloss/o.
E. Small intestine.
6. labi/o.
F. Teeth.
7. jejun/o.
G. Jejunum.
8. Sigmoid/o.
H. Sigmoid colon.
9. gingiv/o.
I. Gum.
10. duoden/o.
J. Duodenum.
11. dent/o
K. Ileum.
12. enter/o.
L Rectum.
4. Circle the combining form that corresponds to the meaning.
1. Abdomen
gastr/o
lapar/o
stomat/o
2. Teeth
dent/i
chol/e
lingu/o
3. Stomach
lapar/o
stomat/o
gastr/o
4. Cheek
bucc/o
or/o
proct/o
5. Bile
col/o
celi/o
chol/e
6. Mouth
gastr/o
stomat/o
lapar/o
7. Stone
scler/o
steat/o
lith/o
27
5. Complete the medical term by writing the missing part or word:
1. Hemi __________ ectomy = removal of half of the colon.
2. ________itis = inflammation of the appendix.
3. ___________rrhaphy = suture of the lip.
4. Cholelitho ______________ = incision for removal of gallstones.
5. _________________ plasty = surgical repair of the mouth.
6. Chol ______________ gram = x-ray of bile ducts (vessels).
7. ____________bilirubin__________
= excessive level of bilirubin in the blood.
8. Gastric __________= partial removal and repair of the stomach.
9. Diverticulo ____________= the presence of diverticula.
6. Match
1. Gastritis.
2. Gastrorraphy.
3. Gastroenterology.
4. Gastrotomy.
5. Gastrectomy.
6. Gastroscopy.
7. Gastromegaly.
A. inflammation of the stomach.
B. study of the stomach and small intestines.
C. excision of the stomach.
D. visual exam of the stomach.
E. suture of the stomach.
F. enlargement of the stomach.
G. incision into the stomach.
7. Match
1. Inflammation of the esophagus.
2. Visual examination of the esophagus.
3. Surgical repair of the esophagus.
4. Drooping of the rectum
5. Excision of the esophagus.
6. Narrowing of the rectum.
A. Esophagectomy.
B. Proctostenosis.
C. Proctoptosis.
D. Esophagitis.
E. Esophagoscopy.
F. Esophagoplasty.
8. Match
1. Incision into the abdomen
2. Visual examination of the abdomen
3. Liver tumor
4. Enlargement of the liver
5. Inflammation of the liver
6. Inflammation of the pancreas
7. Create an opening in the colon
8. Inflammation of the colon
A. Laparotomy.
B. Hepatitis.
C. Hepatoma.
D. Laparoscopy.
E. Hepatomegaly.
F. Colitis.
G. Pancreatitis.
H. Colostomy.
.
9. Match
1. Cholecystolithiasis.
2. Cholecystectomy.
3. Coliecystolithotripsy.
4. Cholecystitis.
5. Laparoscope.
6. Proctitis.
7. Proctodynia, proctalgia.
A. inflammation of the rectum.
B. pain in the rectum.
C. excision of the gallbladder.
D. condition of having gallbladder stones.
E. gallbladder stone surgical crushing.
F. gallbladder inflammation.
G. instrument to view inside the abdomen.
28
10. Match
1. Taken after meals.
2. Gallstones.
3. No appetite.
4. Difficulty swallowing.
5. Vomiting blood.
6. Slow digestion.
11. Match.
1. Eructation.
2. Halitosis.
3. Diverticulum.
4. Constipation.
5. Melena.
6. Ascites.
7. Cirrhosis.
8. Spastic colon.
9. Polyposis.
10. Volvulus.
A. Anorexia.
B. Dysphagia.
C. Cholelithiasis.
D. Bradypepsia.
E. Hematemesis.
F. Postprandial.
A. Outpouching forming off the colon.
B. Chronic liver disease.
C. Bad breath.
D. Small colon tumors.
E. Fluid accumulation in abdominal cavity.
F. Bowel twists on self.
G. Belching.
H. Difficulty having BM.
I. Irritable bowel syndrome.
J. Black tarry stool.
12. Match the term with the definition.
1. Plaque.
A. Decay.
2. Pyorrhea.
B. prosthetic device used to anchor a tooth.
3. Root canal.
C. Inflammation of the gums.
4. Crown.
D. gummy mass of material.
5. Bridge.
E. portion of the tooth covered by enamel.
6. Implant.
F. replacement for missing teeth.
7. Gingivitis.
G. purulent material.
8. Caries.
H. surgery on the tooth pulp.
13. Match the tern with the sentences
Barium swallow
Lower GI series
Liver biopsy
Cholangiography
Colonoscopy
Fecal occult blood test
Colostomy
Anastomosis
1. Excising a small piece of hepatic tissue for microscopic examination is called.
2. When a surgeon performs a colectomy for cancer, he/she may have to create an opening
on the surface of the skin for fecal matter to leave the body. This opening is called what?
3. Another name for an upper GI series is a(n) ___________________.
4. The patient has had a radiopaque material placed into his large bowel by means of an
enema for the purpose of viewing his colon. This procedure is called what?
5. The patient has been on a red-meat-free diet in preparation for a test of her feces for the
presence of hidden blood. This test is called ____________.
6. Opening or passageway created surgically between two organs is____.
7. Visualizing the bile ducts by injecting a dye into the patient’s arm is called an IV ______.
8. Passing an instrument into the anus and rectum to see the colon is called ________.
29
Chapter 9
Urinary System
1. Write the meaning of the following roots (R).
1. Cyst/o.
2. Dips/o.
3. Glomerul/o.
4. Glyc/o.
5. Lith/o.
6. Meat/o.
7. Nephr/o.
8. Py/o.
9. Pyel/o.
10. Ren/o.
11. Ur/o.
12. Ureter/o.
13. Urethr/o.
14. Urethr/o.
15. Urin/o.
16. Vesic/o.
2. Write out the prefixes (P), roots (R), and suffixes (S). Then define the word.
1. Cystalgia.
28. Nephrotomy.
2. Cystectomy.
29. Pericystitis.
3. Cystitis.
30. Polydipsia.
4. Cystolith.
31. Pyelitis.
5. Cystoplasty.
32. Pyelogram.
6. Cystorrhagia.
33. Pyelography.
7. Cystoscope.
34. Pyeloplasty.
8. Cystoscopy.
35. Pyonephritis.
9. Cystostomy.
36. Suprarenal.
10. Cystotomy
37. Transurethral.
11. Glomerulosclerosis.
38. Ureterectasis.
12. Glycorrhea.
39. Ureterocele.
13. Lithotomy.
40. Ureterostenosis.
14. Lithotripsy.
41. Ureterovesicostomy.
15. Meatotomy.
42. Urethralgia.
16. Nephrectomy.
43. Urethritis.
17. Nephritis.
44. Urethrocystitis.
18. Nephrogram.
45. Urethrorrhagia.
19. Nephrolithiasis.
46. Urethroscope.
20. Nephroma.
47. Urethrostenosis.
21. Nephromalacia.
48. Urinary.
22. Nephromegaly.
49. Urinometer.
23. Nephropathy.
50. Urogram.
24. Nephropexy.
51. Urologist.
25. Nephroptosis.
52. Urology.
26. Nephrosclerosis.
53. Vesicoureteric.
27. Nephrostomy.
30
3. Using nephr/o, identify the medical term for the Following.
1. Inflammation of the kidney.
3. Suture of a kidney.
2. Incision in the kidney.
4. Removal of the kidney.
4. Give the meanings of the following medical terms.
1. Cystocelele.
5. Polydipsia.
2. Pyelolithotomy.
6. Cystitis.
3. Urethrostenosis.
7. Polycystic kidney disease.
4. Vesicoureteral reflux.
8. Urethritis.
5. Using the suffix -uria, name the following conditions of urine.
1. Hematuria.
5. Anuria.
2. Dysuria.
6. Pyuria.
3. Oliguria.
7. Glycosuria.
4. Polyuria.
8. Ketonuria.
6. Match the following terms with their meanings below.
1. Swelling, fluid in tissues.
2. Narrowed area in a tube.
3. Collection of pus.
4. Tube for withdrawing or giving fluid.
5. Severe pain resulting from a stone blocking the Ureter.
A. Abscess.
B. edema.
C. Renal colic.
D. Catheter.
E. Stricture.
7. Match the following procedures with their meanings below.
1. Excision of a kidney.
A. Meatotomy.
2. Incision of the urinary meatus for enlargement.
B. Nephrectomy.
3. Crushing of stones.
C. Cystectomy.
4. Removal of the urinary bladder.
D. Lithotripsy.
5. Surgical fixation of the kidney.
E. Nephropexy.
6. X-ray record of the kidney.
F. Nephrogram.
7. Surgical repair of a ureter.
G. Urethroplaty.
8. Surgical repair of the urethra.
H. Ureteroplaty.
9. Surgical removal of a ureter.
I. Ureterectomy.
8. State the medical terms describing the sentence.
1. Instrument to view inside the bladder.
2. Rapid bleeding from the bladder.
3. Condition of kidney stones.
4. Surgical repair of the bladder.
5. Inflammation of the kidney.
6. Kidney disease.
7. Hardening of the kidney.
8. Inflammation of the bladder .
A. Nephrolithiasis.
B. Cystitis.
C. Cystoscope.
D. Nephropathy.
E. Cystorrhagia.
F. Cystoplasty.
G. Nephritis.
H. Nephrosclerosis.
31
9. Match medical terms describing the sentence
1. Bladder pain.
2. Inflammation of the renal pelvis.
3. X-ray record of the renal pelvis.
4. A ureteral stone.
10. Match the following terms.
1. Micturition.
2. Diuretic.
3. Hesitancy.
4. Urinalysis.
5. Nephropyelitis.
6. Lithotomy.
7. Enuresis.
8. Meatotomy.
9. Diabetic nephropathy.
11. Match
1. Wilm’s tumor
2. Polycystic kidneys
3. Incontinence
4. Urgency
5. Hydronephrosis
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
A. Cystalgia.
B. Ureterolith.
C. Pyelitis.
D. Pyelogram.
Incision to remove kidney stone.
Enlargement of urethral opening.
Urination.
Increase urine production.
Inflammation of kidney and renal pelvis.
Damage to glomerulus secondary to diabetes mellitus.
Lab test of chemical composition.
Decrease in force of urine stream.
Bedwetting.
A. feeling the need to urinate immediately.
B. involuntary release of urine.
C. multiple cysts in the kidneys.
D. Kidney swelling due to urine collecting in renal pelvis.
E. childhood malignant kidney tumor.
12. Use the following terms in the sentences that follow
Renal transplant
Renal biopsy
Nephropexy
Nephroptosis
Cystoscopy
Intravenous pyelogram
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Pyelolithectomy
Cystostomy
Urinary tract infection
Sara donated one of her normal kidneys to her brother.
Ali has a floating kidney, this called.
Ali floating kidney needed fixation. The surgical procedure known as.
The full name for UTI.
The surgeons operated on Robert to remove calculus from his renal pelvis. The name
of this surgery is _____.
Charles had to have a small piece of his kidney tissue removed so that the physician
could perform a microscopic evaluation. This procedure is called__.
The physician had to create a temporary opening between Eric’s bladder and his
abdominal wall. This procedure is called ___.
Sally’s bladder was visually examined using a special instrument. This procedure is
called _.
The doctors believe that Jacob has a tumor of the right kidney. They are going to do a
test called a(n) that requires them to inject a radiopaque contrast medium
intravenously so that they can see the kidney on X-ray
32
Chapter 10
Reproductive System
1. Write out the meaning of the following roots (R).
1. Amni/o.
2. Andr/o.
3. Balan/o.
4. Cervic/o.
5. Colp/o.
6. Crypt/o.
7. Culd/o.
8. Cyst/o.
9. Epididym/o.
10. Episi/o.
11. Galact/o.
12. Galact/o.
13. Gravid/o
14. Gynec/o.
15. Hyster/o.
16. Lact/o.
17. Lact/o.
18. Mamm/o
19. Mast/o.
20. Men/o.
21. Metr/o.
22. Metri/o.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
Nat/i.
Olig/o.
Oophor/o.
Orch/o.
Orchi/o.
Orchid/o.
Ov/o.
Ovari/o.
Part/o.
Pelv/i.
Pelv/o.
Perine/o
Prostat/o.
Salping/o.
sperm/o.
Spermat/o.
Test/o.
Toc/o.
Vagin/o.
Vas/o.
Vesicul/o
Vulv/o.
2. Write out the prefixes (P), roots (R), and suffixes (S). Then define the word.
1. Amenorrhea
18. Endocervical.
2. Amniotomy
19. Endocervicitis
3. Androgen
20. Endometritis
4. Anorchism
21. Epididymectomy
5. Antepartum
22. Epididymitis
6. Aspermia.
23. Epididymotomy.
7. Balanitis.
24. Episiorrhaphy
8. Balanoplasty
25. Episiotomy.
9. Balanorrhea
26. Gynecologist.
10. Cervicectomy
27. Gynecology
11. Colporrhaphy.
28. Hysterectomy
12. Colposcope
29. Hysteropexy
13. Colposcopy
30. Hysterorrhexis
14. Cryptorchidism
31. Hysterospasm.
15. Cystoprostatectomy.
32. Incision.
16. Dysmenorrhea
33. Lactic
17. Dystocia.
34. Lactorrhea.
33
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
Mammogram
Mammography.
Mammoplasty
Mastalgia
Mastectomy
Mastitis
Menarche.
Menorrhagia
Metrorrhagia
Metrorrhea
Neonate
Neonatology
Oligomenorrhea.
Oligospermia.
Oophorectomy
Oophoritis
Orchidectomy.
Orchidopexy
Orchiectomy
Orchioplasty
Orchiotomy
Ovariocentesis.
Ovigenesis.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
Pelvimeter.
Perimetritis
Polymastia.
Postpartum
Prostatectomy
Prostatitis
Prostatolith
Prostatolithotomy
Prostatomegaly.
Prostatorrhea
Salpingitis
Salpingocyesis
Salpingostomy
Salpingotomy.
Spermatocele.
Spermatogenesis
Spermatolysis
Testalgia.
Transvaginal.
Uterotomy.
Vasectomy.
Vulvitis.
3. Circle the combining form that corresponds to the meaning given.
1. Birth or labor.
tox/o
toc/o
troph/o
2. Vagina.
uter/o
metr/o
colp/o
3. Uterine tube.
vagin/o
oophor/o
salpin/o
4. Menstruation.
men/o
mamm/o
mast/o
5. Egg.
oophor/o
ov/o
ovario/o
6. Vulva.
episi/o
vagin/o
metr/o
7. Uterus.
vagin/o
metr/o
oophor/o
8. Breast.
men/o
metr/o
mast/o
4.
Define the following combining terms.
1. metr/o
A. Ovary
2. gynec/o
B. Fallopian tube
3. episi/o
C. Uterus
4. oophor/o
D. Menstruation
5. salping/o
E. Vagina
6. men/o
F. Breast
7. vagin/o
G. Female
8. mamm/o
H. Vulva
34
5. Match the following terms with their meanings below.
Lactogenesis.
Oxytocin.
Neonatology.
Culdocentesis.
Vulvovaginitis.
Total hysterectomy.
Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Study of the newborn.
Hormone that stimulates the pregnant uterus to contract.
Production of milk.
Removal of the entire uterus.
Removal of both fallopian tubes and both ovaries.
Inflammation of the external female genitalia and vagina.
Needle puncture to remove fluid from the cul-de-sac.
6. Match the following.
Metrorrhagia.
Menorrhagia.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
7.
Dysmenorrhea.
Gynecomastia.
Amenorrhea.
Painful menstruation.
Absence of menstruation.
Excessive bleeding at time of menstruation.
Bleeding from the uterus at any time other than the normal period.
Development of mammary glands in male.
Match the following.
1. Retroflexion.
2. Condylomata.
3. Para 2.
4. Prolapse.
5. Cystocele.
6. Gravida.
7. Rectocele.
8. Eclampsia.
9. Primipara.
10. Anteflexion.
A. forward bends of uterus.
B. toxemia of pregnancy.
C. backward bend of uterus.
D. a pregnant woman.
E. genital warts.
F. First delivery.
G. woman who has given birth twice.
H. descent of uterus from its normal position.
I. protrusion of rectum into vagina.
J. pouching of bladder into vagina.
8. State the terms described
1. Visual examination of the vagina
2. Instrument used to examine the vagina
3. Suture of the vagina
4. Inflammation of the cervix
5. Pertaining to the cervix
6. Uterine disease
7. Surgical fixation of the uterus
8. Removal of the uterus
9. Rupture of the uterus
A. Cervical.
B. Colposcope.
C. Colporrhaphy.
D. Hysteropathy.
E. Hysteropexy.
F. Hysterectomy.
G. Hysterorrhexis.
H. Colposcopy.
I. Cervicitis.
35
9. Circle the combining form that corresponds to the meaning given:
1. testis
prostate/o
epididym/o
orchi/o
2. perineum
peritone/o
perine/o
prostate/o
3. sperm
test/o
orchid/o
spermat/o
4. vessel
aden/o
angina/o
vas/o
5. glans penis
prostate/o
orchid/o
balan/o
6. epididymis
epididym/o
sperm/o
vas/o
10. Match the terms below with their descriptions.
Human chorionic gonadotropin.
Luteinizing hormone.
Follicle-stimulating hormone.
Menarche.
1. A hormone produced by the pituitary gland to stimulate the maturation of the ovarian
follicle sexual intercourse.
2. Beginning of the first menstrual period during puberty.
3. Hormone produced by the placenta to sustain pregnancy.
4. Hormone produced by the pituitary gland to promote ovulation.
11. Give the meanings of the following symptoms.
1. Leukorrhea.
2. Galactorrhea.
3. Pyosalpinx.
4. Dyspareunia.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Menometrorrhagia.
Oligomenorrhea.
Dysmenorrhea.
Miscarry.
12. Match the obstetrical and neonatal terms with the descriptions given below.
Abortion.
Apgar score.
Pelvimetry.
Hydrocephalus.
Newborn respiratory distress syndrome.
Fontanels.
Meconium aspiration syndrome.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Measurement of the dimensions of the maternal pelvic bone.
The soft spot between the newborn’s cranial bones.
The evaluation of the newborns physical condition.
Premature termination of pregnancy is known as.
Acute lung disease in the premature newborn: surfactant deficiency.
Accumulation of fluid in the spaces of a neonate’s brain.
Condition resulting from inhalation of a thick, sticky black substance by the newborn.
13. Match the term on the left with the meaning on the right.
1. Castration.
A. Ejection of sperm and fluid from the urethra.
2. Cryosurgery.
B. Removal of a piece of the vas deferens.
3. Ejaculation.
C. Orchiectomy.
4. Vasectomy.
D. Removal of the prepuce.
5. Circumcision.
E. Destruction of tissue by freezing.
6. Purulent.
F. Pus-filled.
36
14. State the terms described
1. Suture of the uterus
2. Inflammation of an ovary
3. Excision of an ovary
4. Multiple pregnancies
5. No pregnancies
6. First pregnancy
7. Never bearing offspring
8. To bear multiple offspring
9. To bear first offspring
A. Primigravida.
B. Oophorectomy.
C. Nullipara.
D. Multipara.
E. Primipara.
F. Oophoritis.
G. Multigravida.
H. Nulligravida.
I. Hysterorrhaphy.
15. Give the Medical term
1. Removal of prostate
2. Inflammation of the prostate
3. Flow from the prostate
4. Excision of the testes
5. Surgical repair of the testes
6. Incision into the testes
7. Disease of the testes
8. Disease of the seminal vesicle
9. Inflammation of the seminal vesicle
A. Orchiectomy.
B. Vesiculopathy.
C. Orchioplasty.
D. Vesiculitis.
E. Prostatectomy.
F. Orchiotomy.
G. Orchiopathy.
H. Prostatitis.
I. Prostatorrhea.
16.Match
Premenstrual syndrome
Conization
C-section
stillbirth
D&C
Endometriosis
Laparascopy
Fibroid tumor
Eclampsia
1. Alicia had a core of tissue from her cervix removed for testing. This is called
2. Joan delivered a baby that had died while still in the uterus. She had a(n)
3. Kimberly is experiencing tender breasts, headaches, and some irritability just prior to her
monthly menstrual cycle. This may be
4. Ana has been scheduled for an examination in which her physician will use an instrument to
observe her abdominal cavity to rule out the diagnosis of severe endometriosis. The physician
will insert the instrument through a small incision. This procedure is called a(n)
5. Lenora is scheduled to have a hysterectomy as a result of a long history of large benign
growths in her uterus that have caused pain and bleeding Lenora has a(n)
6. Tiffany’s physician has recommended that she have a uterine scraping to stop excessive
bleeding after a miscarriage. She will be scheduled for a
7. Stacy is having frequent prenatal checkups to prevent the serious condition of pregnancy
called
8. Marion has experienced painful menstrual periods as a result of the lining of her uterus being
displaced into her pelvic cavity. This is called
9. The results of Sara’s pelvimetry indicate that she will probably require a(n) ______for her
baby’s delivery.
37
Chapter 11
Endocrine System
1. Write the meaning of the following roots (R).
1. Acr/o.
2. Aden/o.
3. Adren/o.
4. Adrenal/o.
5. Andr/o.
6. Calci/o.
7. Crin/o.
8. Dips/o.
9. Estr/o.
10. Glyc/o.
11. Glycos/o.
12. Hormon/o.
13. Kal/i.
14. Ket/o.
15. Natr/o.
16. Pancreat/o.
17. Parathyroid/o.
18. Thym/o.
19. Thyr/o.
20. Ur/o.
21. Hypophys/o
2. Write out the prefixes (P), roots (R), and suffixes (S). Then define the word.
1. Acromegaly.
18. Hormonal.
2. Adenitis.
19. Hypercalcemia
3. Adenoma
20. Hyperkalemia
4. Adrenalectomy
21. Hypocalcemia
5. Adrenalitis
22. Hyponatremia
6. Adrenomegaly
23. Ketosis.
7. Adrenopathy
24. Pancreatogenic.
8. Adrenotrophic.
25. Parathyroid.
9. Androgen
26. Parathyroidectomy
10. Android.
27. Parathyroidoma
11. Endocrine.
28. Polydipsia.
12. Endocrinologist
29. Polyuria.
13. Endocrinology
30. Thyme.
14. Endocrinopathy
31. Thyromegaly
15. Estrogen
32. Thyroptosis.
16. Euglycemia.
33. Thyrotoxicosis.
17. Glycosuria.
3. Match the following hormones with their actions.
1. Raises heart rate and blood pressure.
A. ADH.
2. Promotes male sex characteristics.
B. Epinephrine.
3. Stimulates water reabsorption by kidney tubules. C. Parathyroid hormone.
4. Increases metabolism in body cells.
D. Estrogen.
5. Raises blood calcium.
E. Testosterone
6. Increases reabsorption of sodium by kidney tubules. F. Aldosterone
7. Increases blood sugar.
G. Thyroxin
8. Develops female sex characteristics.
H. Cortisol
38
4.
Match the following:
1. Cretinism.
2. Polydipsia.
3. Hyperthyroidism.
4. Pituitary gland.
5. Hypokalemia.
6. Type 2 diabetes.
7. Adrenal virilism.
8. Hypernatremia.
9. Type 1 diabetes.
10. Diabetes insipidus.
A. inadequate Antidiuretic hormone.
B. excessive thirst.
C. low potassium.
D. thyrotoxicosis.
E. congenital hypothyroidism.
F. hirsutism.
G. not usually insulin dependent.
H. hypophysis.
I. excessive sodium.
J. depends on insulin.
5. State the Medical Terms
1. Excision of the thyroid.
2. Inflammation of the thyroid.
3. Normal thyroid
4. Incision of the thyroid
5. Inflammation of the pancreas
6. Removal of the pancreas
7. Incision into the pancreas
8. Excision of an adrenal gland
9. Inflammation of the adrenal glands
10. Tumor of the thymus gland
11. Removal of the thymus gland
A. Adrenalectomy
B. Thyroidectomy
C. Adrenalitis
D. Euthyroid
E. Thyroidotomy
F. Thymoma
G. Thyroiditis
H. Pancreatotomy
I. Thymectomy.
J. Pancreatitis.
K. Pancreatectomy.
6. Match
1. Cushing’s disease
2. Goiter.
3. Gigantism.
4. Hashimoto’s disease.
5. Grave’s disease.
6. Addison’s disease.
A. Enlarged thyroid
B. Overactive adrenal cortex
C. Hyperthyroidism
D. Underactive adrenal cortex
E. Thyroiditis
F. Excessive growth hormone
.
7. Build medical terms based on the definitions and word parts given.
1. Abnormal condition (poison) of the thyroid gland: thyro ________________.
2. Removal of the pancreas: _______________ ectomy
3. Deficiency of calcium in the blood: hypo __________.
4. Excessive sugar in the blood: _______________emia.
5. Inflammation of the thyroid gland: ________________itis.
6. Disease condition of the adrenal glands: adren_____________________________.
39
8. Match
Endocrinology
Corticisteroids
Exophthalmos
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Pituitary gland
Estrogen
Adenocarcinoma
Gonads
ADH
Testestorone
T4
The study of the endocrine system.
The master endocrine gland is the _____.
General term for the sexual organs that produce gametes.
Hormones produced by the outer portion of the adrenal cortex.
Hormone produced by the testes.
Hormone produced by the ovaries.
Inadequate supply of this hormone causes diabetes insipidus.
Another term for thyroxin.
Protrusion of the eyeballs in Graves’s disease.
General medical term for a hormone-secreting cancerous tumor.
9. Indicate whether the following conditions are related to hypersecretion or
hyposecretion
Condition
________Hypo
_____ Hyper
1.
Cushing syndrome.
2.
Tetany.
3.
Graves’s disease.
4.
Diabetes insipidus.
5.
Acromegaly.
6.
Myxedema.
7.
Diabetes mellitus.
8.
Addison disease.
9.
Gigantism.
10. Endemic goiter.
11. Cretinism.
12. Pheochromocytoma.
40
Chapter 12
Nervous System
1. Write the meaning of the following roots (R).
1. Acr/o
2. Alges/o.
3. Alges/o.
4. Cephal/o
5. Cerebell/o
6. Cerebr/o
7. Crani/o
8. Dur/o
9. Electr/o
10. Encephal/o
11. Esthes/o.
12. Esthesi/o
13. Gli/o
14. Gnos/o
15. Hemat/o
16. Hypn/o.
17. Kines/o
18. Kinesi/o
19. Lex/o.
20. Mening/o
21. My/o
22. Myel/o
23. Narc/o
24. Neur/o
25. Phas/o.
26. Phob/o.
27. Pont/o
28. Radicul/o
29. Somat/o.
30. Spondyl/o.
31. Syncop/o
32. Tax/o.
33. Thalam/o
34. Top/o.
35. Vertebr/o.
2. Write out the prefixes (P), roots (R), and suffixes (S). Then define the word.
• Example: Acrophobia.
– R: Acr/o =top; extreme point
R: Phob/o = ear
– S: -ia = condition
1. Akinetic.
19. Electroencephalogram
2. Analgesia.
20. Encephalitis
3. Anencephaly.
21. Encephalomalacia
4. Anesthesia.
22. Encephalosclerosis
5. Aphasia.
23. Epidural hematoma.
6. Apraxia.
24. Glial cells
7. Ataxia.
25. Gnosia.
8. Cephalalgia
26. Hemiparesis.
9. Cerebellar
27. Hemiplegia.
10. cerebellitis
28. Hydrocephalic.
11. Cerebellopontine.
29. Hyperalgesia.
12. Cerebral
30. Hyperesthesia.
13. Cerebrospinal
31. Hypnotic.
14. Craniotomy.
32. Meningioma.
15. Dyskinesia.
33. Meningitis
16. Dyslexia.
34. Meningocele.
17. Dysphasia.
35. Meningomyelocele.
18. Dystaxia.
36. Myelitis
41
37. Myelogram.
38. Myelomalacia
39. Myelomeningocele
40. Narcolepsy.
41. Neuralgia.
42. Neurasthenia.
43. Neurectomy
44. Neurologist
45. Neurology
46. Neurolysis
47. Neuroma
48. Neuropathy.
49. Neuroplasty
3. Define the following combining forms
1. mening/o
2. encephal/o
3. cerebell/o
4. myel/o
5. cephal/o
50. Neurorrhaphy
51. Neurotomy
52. Paraplegia.
53. Paresthesia.
54. Poliomyelitis
55. Polyneuritis
56. Pont
57. Quadriplegia.
58. Radiculitis
59. Radiculopathv.
60. Syncopal.
61. Thalamotomy.
62. Vertebral.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
thalam/o
gli/o
radicul/o
cerebr/o
Pont/o
4. Match the combining form with its meaning:
1. Hypn/o
A. Brain.
2. Myel/o
B. Movement.
3. Encephal/o
C. Speech.
4. Kinesi/o
D. Body.
5. Lex/o
E. Spinal cord.
6. Gnos/o
F. Sensation.
7. Top/o
G. Place.
8. Somat/o
H. Sleep.
9. Esthesi/o
I. knowing
5. Match the medical term with the description below:
1. Record of electrical brain impulses.
A. Spondylosyndesis
2. Spinal fusion.
B. Craniotomy
3. Excision of part of the skull.
C. Hyperesthesia
4. Increased sensations.
D. Dysphasia
5. Condition of difficulty speaking.
E. Analgesia
6. Loss of sense of pain.
F. Electroencephalogram
6. Match the medical term with the description below.
1. Blood in epidural space.
2. Inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord.
3. Disease of nerve roots (of spinal nerves).
4. Hernia of the spinal cord and meninges.
A. Poliomyelitis.
B. Radiculopathy.
C. Epidural hematoma.
D. Myelomeningocele.
42
7. Write the correct medical term for each of the following:
Paresthesia
Diskectomy
Meningitis
Parkinson disease
Coma
Spina bifida
1. Inflammation of the meninges.
2. Excision of a herniated disk.
3. Degeneration of nerves in the brain characterized by tremor, rigidity of muscles, and
slow movements.
4. Numbness and tingling.
5. State of unconsciousness.
6. Congenital defect of spinal column resulting in pouching of spinal membranes.
8. Match the following neurologic symptoms with the meanings below.
1. Reading disorder.
A. Aphasia.
2. Condition of no coordination.
B. Dyslexia.
3. Condition of increased sensation.
C. Narcolepsy.
4. Uncontrollable compulsion to sleep.
D. Ataxia.
5. Inability to speak.
E. Motor Apraxia.
6. Inability to perform a task.
F. Hyperesthesia.
9. Match the following terms with their descriptions below.
Huntington disease.
Myasthenia gravis.
Amyotrophic lateral
Hydrocephalus.
Bell palsy.
Multiple sclerosis.
1. Destruction of myelin sheath (demyelination) and its replacement by hard plaques.
2. Atrophy of muscles and paralysis caused by damage to motor neurons in the spinal
cord and brainstem.
3. Patient displays bizarre, abrupt, involuntary, dance-like movements, as well as decline
in mental functions.
4. Cerebrospinal fluid accumulates in the head (in the ventricles of the brain).
5. Loss of muscle strength due to the inability of a neurotransmitter (acetylcholine) to
transmit impulses from nerve cells to muscle cells.
6. Unilateral facial paralysis.
10. Match the description with the medical term.
1. Disease of the brain.
2. Inflammation of the brain.
3. Protrusion of the brain.
4. Inflammation of brain and spinal cord.
5. Pertaining to the cerebrum and spinal cord.
6. Hardening of the cerebrum.
7. Any disease of the cerebrum.
8. Inflammation of the cerebrum and meninges.
9. Pertaining to the cerebrum.
A. Cerebromeningitis.
B. Encephalopathy.
C. Cerebrospinal.
D. Cerebral.
E. Encephalitis.
F. Encephalocele.
G. Encephalomyelitis.
H. Cerebrosclerosis.
I. Cerebropathy.
43
11. Match the term in Column I with the letter
1. Peculiar sensation experienced by patient before seizure.
2. Transient ischemic attack (TIA).
3. Virus that causes chickenpox and shingles.
4. Relieving, but not curing.
5. Blockage.
A. Aura
B. Mini-stroke.
C. Herpes zoster
D. Palliative
E. Occlusion
12. Match
1. Chorea.
2. Meningitis.
3. Palsy.
4. Shingles.
5. Syncope.
6. Lethargy.
7. Petit mal.
8. Grand mal.
9. Meningocele.
A. Sluggishness.
B. Bizarre movements.
C. Convulsion.
D. Congenital hernia of membranes.
E. Mild epilepsy.
F. Inflammation of meninges.
G. Painful virus on nerves.
H. Fainting.
I. Paralysis.
13. Match
1. Cerebrovascular accident.
2. Aphasia.
3. Narcolepsy.
4. Dementia.
5. Narcotics.
6. Anticonvulsant.
A. sleep disorder.
B. Alzheimer’s disease.
C. Stroke.
D. loss of ability to speak.
E. morphine and related drugs.
F. prevents neuron activity associated with seizures.
14. Define the following terms
1. Glioma.
2. Epilepsy.
3. Anesthesia.
4. Hemiparesis
5. Neuralgia
6. Analgesia.
44
Chapter 13
Special senses
1. Write the meaning of the following roots (R).
1. Acous/o
2. Acoust/o
3. Ambly/o
4. Aque/o
5. Audi/o
6. Audit/o
7. Aur/o
8. Auricul/o
9. Blephar/o
10. Cerumin/o
11. Cochle/o
12. Conjunctiv/o
13.Corne/o
14. Cycl/o
15. Dacry/o
16. Dipl/o
17. Ir/o
18. Irid/o
19. Kerat/o
20. Lacrim/o
21. Myring/o
22. Ocul/o
23. Ophthalm/o
24. Opt/o
25. Optic/o
26. Ot/o
27. Papill/o
28. Phac/o
29.Phak/o
30. Phob/o
31. Phot/o
32. Presby/o
33. Retin/o
34. Salping/o
35. Scler/o
36. Staped/o
37. Tympan/o
38. Uve/o
39. Vitr/o
40. Vitre/o
2. Write out the prefixes (P), roots (R), and suffixes (S). Then define the word.
1. Acoustic.
20. Cerurminolysis.
2. Amblyopia.
21. Cochlear
3. Aphakia.
22. Conjunctivitis.
4. Aqueous fluid.
23. Conjunctivoplasty.
5. Aqueous.
24. Corneal.
6. Audiogram
25. Cyclopedia.
7. Audiologist
26. Dacryocystitis.
8. Audiology
27. Dacryolithiasis.
9. Audiometer
28. Diplopia.
10. Audiometry.
29. Hyperacusis.
11. Auditory
30. Hyperopia.
12. Aural
31. Intraocular.
13. Auricular
32. Iridectomy.
14. Binocular.
33. Iridoplegia.
15. Blehaoplasty.
34. Iridosclerotomy.
16. Blepharectomy.
35. Iridotomy.
17. Blepharitis.
36. Iritis.
18. Blepharoptosis.
37. Keratitis.
19. Ceruminosis.
38. Keratoplasty.
45
39. Keratotomy.
40. Labyrinthectomy
41. Labyrinthitis
42. Lacrimal.
43. Myringitis
44. Myringoplasty.
45. Myringotomy.
46. Ocular.
47. Oculomycosis.
48. Ophthalmalgia.
49. Ophthalmic.
50. Ophthalmologist.
51. Ophthalmology.
52. Ophthalmoplegia.
53. Ophthalmorrhagia.
54. Ophthalmoscope.
55. Optic.
56. Optician.
57. Optometer.
58. Optometry.
59. Otodynia.
60. Otorrhea.
61. Ototoxic.
62. Papillary.
63. Papilledema.
64. Phacoemulsification.
65. Phacolysis.
66. Photophobia.
67. Presbyopia.
68. Presbyopia.
69. Retinal.
70. Retinopathy.
71. Retinopexy.
72. Salpingitis
73. Salpingoscope.
74. Salpingotomy
75. Scleritis.
76. Scleromalacia.
77. Sclerotomy.
78. Stapedectomy
79. Tympanocentesis.
80. Uveitis.
81. Vitrectomy.
82. Vitreous.
3. Circle the combining form that corresponds to the meaning given.
1. eardrum
salping/o
ot/o
myring/o.
2. hearing
ot/o
audi/o
angi/o.
3. wax
cerumin/o
crin/ o
scler/o.
4. Eustachian tube
tympan/o
miring/o
snalping/o.
5. ear
rhin/o
ot/o
or/o.
6. ear
acr/o
aur/i
aer/ o.
7. stapes
staped/o
salping/o
scler/o
8. Old age.
presby/o
ot/o
or/o
9. Hearing
-cusis
ongi/o
aur/o.
4. Match
1. Otitis media
2. Labyrinth
3. Eustachian tube
4. Tinnitus
5. Tympanometry
6. Myringotomy
7. Tympanoplasty
8. Stapedectomy
9. instrument to measure hearing.
A. Measure movement of eardrum.
B. Auditory tube.
C. Inner ear.
D. Ringing in the ear.
E. Middle ear infection.
F. removal of stapes bone.
G. reconstruction of eardrum.
H. surgical puncture of eardrum.
I. Audiometer
46
5. Match the following.
1. One who studies hearing impairment.
2. Bleeding from the ear.
3. Partial or complete hearing loss.
4. Hearing impairment of old age.
5. Discharge from the ear.
6. Auditor prosthetic.
7. Ear ache.
6. Match the Medical terms
1. ear surgical repair.
2. pus flow from the ear.
3. study of hearing.
4. inflammation of the ear.
5. hardening of the ear.
6. study of the ear.
7. record of hearing.
A. Presbycusis.
B. Otalgia.
C. Cochlear implant.
D. Otorrhea.
E. Otorrhagia.
F. Deafness.
G. Audiologist.
A. Otology
B. Otoplasty
C. Audiogram
D. Audiology.
E. Otopyorrhea
F. Otitis
G. Otosclerosis
7. Circle the combining form that corresponds to the meaning given.
1. eye
or/o
opt/o
ot/o.
2. old age
presby/o
sclera/o
phas/o.
3. glassy
aque/o
vitr/o
hydr/o.
4. light
phon/o
phot/o
opt/o.
5. white of the eye
corne/o
vitr/o
scler/o.
6. lens (lentil)
phac/o
soler/o
conjunctiv/o.
7. tear
dacry/o
hydr/o
aque/o.
8. eyelid
ocul/o
ophthalm/o
blephar/o.
9. water
aque/o
hidr/o
vitr/o.
8. Define the following
1. Cornea
2. double
3. Vascular
4. Vision
5. to turn
A. –opia.
B. Uve/o.
C. –tropia.
D. kerat/o.
E. dipl/o.
9. Write the correct medical term for each of the following:
1. Pinkeye.
A. Mydriasis.
2. Inflammation of the eyelid.
B. hordeolum.
3. Dilate the pupil.
C. conjunctivitis.
4. Sty.
D. cataract.
5. Clouding of the lens.
E. Blepharitis.
6. Constrict pupil
F. Miotic.
47
10. Match the following
1. Myopia
2. Strabismus
3. Presbyopia
4. Astigmatism
5. Hyperopia
6. Amblyopia
7. Scotoma
8. Diplopia
A. old-age loss of accommodation.
B. lazy eye.
C. double vision.
D. distorted vision.
E. nearsightedness.
F. crossed eyes.
G. farsightedness.
H. blind spot in vision
11. Match the Medical terms
1. inflammation of the eyelid
2. surgical repair of the eyelid
3. relaxation of the upper eyelid
4. a disease of the retina
5. surgical fixation of the retina
6. the study of the eye
7. Pertaining to the eye
8. an eye examination using a scope
9. iris paralysis
10. excision of the iris
11. iris softening
12. Match
Emmetropia
Conjunctivitis
Tonometry
Cataract
Entropion
Myopia
A. Blepharitis
B. Ophthalmoscopy
C. Iridioplegia
D. Blepharochalasis
E. Retinopathy
F. Retinopexy
G. Iridectomy.
H. Iridomalacia
I. Blepharoplasty
J. Ophthalmology
K. Ophthalmic
Hyperopia
Ménière’s disease
Strabismus
1. The patient is having a regular eye checkup. The pressure reading test that the
physician will do to detect glaucoma is
2. The patient’s ophthalmologist tells him that he has normal vision. This is called
3. The patient has been given an antibiotic eye ointment for pink eye. The medical term
for this condition is
4. The patient is nearsighted and cannot read signs in the distance. This is called
5. The patient is scheduled to have surgery to have the opaque lens of his right eye
removed. This condition is a(n)
6. The patient has an uncomfortable disorder in which his eyelashes are rubbing his
cornea, due to inversion of his eyelid. This condition is called
7. The patient is farsighted and has difficulty reading textbooks. Her eyeglass correction
will be for
8. The patient has twin boys with crossed eyes that will require surgical correction. The
medical term for this condition is
9. The patient is suffering from an abnormal condition of the inner ear, vertigo, and
tinnitus. She may have.
48
Word Roots
Word root
abdomen/o
acanth/o
acar/o
acetabul/o
acous/o
acoust/o
acr/o
acromi/o
actin/o
acu/o
aden/o
adenoid/o
adip/o
adren/o
adrenal/o
aer/o
agglutin/o
alb/o
albin/o
albumin/o
alges/o
all/o
alveol/o
ambly/o
ammon/o
amni/o
amyl/o
an/o
andr/o
aneurysm/o
angi/o
anis/o
ankyl/o
anter/o
anthr/o
anthrac/o
Meaning
abdomen
spiny; thorny
mites
acetabulum
hearing
hearing, sound
extremities, top, extreme point
acromion (extension of shoulder)
light
sharp; severe; sudden
gland
adenoids
fat
adrenal gland
adrenal gland
air
clumping; sticking together
white
white
albumin (protein)
sensitivity to pain
other
alveolus; air sac; small sac
dim; dull
ammonium
amnion (sac surrounding the embryo in the uterus)
starch
anus
male
aneurysm (widened blood vessel)
vessel
unequal
crooked, stiff
front
antrum of the stomach
coal
49
anxi/o
aort/o
aphth/o
aponeur/o
append/o
appendic/o
aque/o
arachn/o
arsenic/o
arter/o
arteri/o
arteriol/o
arthr/o
articul/o
asbest/o
aspir/o
astr/o
atel/o
ather/o
atri/o
audi/o
audit/o
aur/o
auricul/o
auscult/o
aut/o
aux/o
axi/o
axill/o
azot/o
bacill/o
bacteri/o
balan/o
bar/o
bartholin/o
bas/o
bi/o
bil/i
bilirubin/o
blast/o
uneasy; anxious
aorta (largest artery)
ulcer
aponeurosis (type of tendon)
appendix
appendix
water
spider
arsenic
artery
artery
arteriole (small artery)
joint (articulation)
joint (articulation)
asbestos
removal
star, star-shaped
incomplete
plaque (fatty substance)
atrium (upper heart chamber)
hearing
hearing
ear
ear
to listen
self, own
growth, acceleration
axis
armpit
urea; nitrogen
bacilli (bacteria)
bacteria
glans penis
pressure; weight
Bartholin glands
basic
life
bile; gall
bilirubin
germ or bud
50
blenn/o
blephar/o
bol/o
brachi/o
brom/o
bronch/o, bronchi/o
bronchiol/o
bucc/o
bunion/o
burs/o
byssin/o
cac/o
calc/o
calcane/o
calci/o
calcul/o
cali/o
calic/o
calor/i
campt/o
capillar/o
capn/o
caps/o, capsul/o
carcin/o
cardi/o
cari/o
carp/o
cathar/o, cathart/o
mucus
eyelid
cast; throw
arm
bromine-containing compound, odor
bronchial tube
bronchiole
buccal, cheek
bunion
bursa (sac of fluid near joints)
cotton dust
bad
calcium
calcaneus
calcium
to compute
calyx
calyx
heat
bent
capillary (tiniest blood vessel)
carbon dioxide
capsule, container
cancer, cancerous
heart
caries, rottenness
carpals
cleansing, purging
caud/o
caus/o
cauter/o
cav/o, cavit/o
cec/o
celi/o
centr/o
cephal/o
cerebell/o
cerebr/o
cerumino/o
cervic/o
tail; lower part of body
burn; burning
heat; burn
hollow, cavity
cecum
belly, abdomen
center
head
cerebellum
cerebrum
cerumen
neck
51
cheil/o
chem/o
chir/o
chlor/o
chlorhydr/o
chol/e
cholangi/o
cholecyst/o
choledch/o
cholesterol/o
chondr/o
chore/o
chori/o
chorion/o
choroid/o
chrom/o
chromat/o
chron/o
chrys/o
chyl/o
chym/o
cib/o
cine/o
cirrh/o
cis/o
claustr/o
clavicul/o
cleid/o
clin/o
coagul/o
coccyg/o
cochle/o
col/o
coll/a
colon/o
colp/o
comat/o
comi/o
coni/o
conjunctiv/o
lip
drug; chemical
hand
green
hydrochloric acid
gall, bile
bile vessel
gallbladder
common bile duct
cholesterol
cartilage
dance
chorion (outermost membrane of of fetus)
chorion
choroid layer of eye
color
color
time
gold
juice
to pour
meals
movement
orange-yellow
to cut
enclosed space
clavicle (collar bone)
clavicle
to slope, bend
coagulation (clotting)
coccyx (tailbone)
cochlea (inner part of ear)
colon (large intestine)
glue
colon (large intestine)
vagina
deep sleep
to care for
dust
conjunctiva (lines the eyelids)
52
consci/o
constrict/o
contus/o
cor/o
core/o
corne/o
coron/o
corpor/o
cortic/o
cost/o
cox/o
crani/o
cras/o
crin/o
critic/o
cry/o
crypt/o
cubit/o
culd/o
cupr/o
cutane/o
cyan/o
cycl/o
cyst/o
cyt/o
dacry/o
dacryoaden/o
dacryocyst/o
dactyl/o
decumb/o
dem/o
dent/i, dent/o
derm/o
dermat/o
desicc/o
dextr/o
diaphor/o
dilat/o
dipl/o
dips/o
awareness, aware
narrowing, binding
to bruise
pupil
pupil
cornea
coronary
body
cortex, outer region
rib
hip
skull
mixture: temperament
to secrete, to form and give off
crisis, dangerous
cold
hidden
elbow, forearm
cul-de-sac
copper
skin
blue
ciliary body of eye: cycle; circle
urinary bladder
cell
tear
tear gland
tear sac: lacrimal sac
digit (finger or toe)
to lie down
people
tooth
skin
skin
drying
right
sweat
to enlarge, expand
two
thirst
53
dist/o
dolich/o
dolor/o
dors/o
duct/o
duoden/o
dur/o
dynam/o
echin/o
ectro/o
ele/o
electr/o
embolo/o
embry/o
emmetr/o
enanti/o
encephal/o
enter/o
eosin/o
epididym/o
epiglott/o
episi/o
epitheli/o
equin/o
erethism/o
erg/o
erythem/o
erythr/o
eschar/o
esophag/o
esthes/o
esthesi/o
estr/o
ethm/o
eti/o
exanthemat/o
faci/o
fasci/o
febr/i
femor/o
far; distant
long
pain
back (of body)
to lead, carry
duodenum
dura mater
power, strength
spiny, prickly
congenital absence
oil
electricity
embolus
embryo
in due measure
opposite, opposed
brain
intestine (usually small intestine)
red: rosy; dawn-colored
epididymis
epiglottis
vulva (external female genitalia)
skin; epithelium
horse
irritation
work
flushed; redness
red
scab
esophagus
nervous sensation (feeling)
nervous sensation
female
sieve
cause, etiology
rash
face
fascia (membrane supporting muscles)
fever
femur
54
ferr/i, ferr/o
fet/o
fibr/o
fibrin/o
fibros/o
fibul/o
fil/i, fil/o, filament/o
flav/o
flex/o
fluor/o
follicul/o
fovea/o
frig/o, frigid/o
funct/o
fung/i
furc/o
fusc/o
galact/o
ganglion/o
gastr/o
ge/o
gel/o
gemell/o
geni/o
genit/o
ger/o
geront/o
gest/o
gester/o
gigant/o
gingiv/o
glauc/o
gli/o
globin
glomerul/o
gloss/o
gluc/o
glucos/o
glyc/o
glycogen/o
iron
fetus
fiber
insoluble protein form a fibrous network
fibrous connective tissue
fibula
threat, threadlike
yellow
to bend
luminous
follicle; small sac
small pit or depression
cold
performance
fungus; mushroom (organism lacking chlorophyll)
forking, branching
dark brown
milk
ganglion; collection of nerve cell bodies
stomach
earth, soil
to freeze, congeal
twins
chin
reproduction
old age
old age
pregnancy
pregnancy
huge
gums
gray
glial cells; neuroglial cells
protein
glomerulus
tongue
glucose
sugar
sugar
glycogen
55
glycos/o
gnath/o
gnos/o
gon/o
gonad/o
goni/o
granul/o
graph/o
gravid/o
gynec/o
gyr/o
hallucin/o
hapl/o
helc/o
heli/o
hem/o
hemat/o
hemoglobin/o
hepat/o
herni/o
hidr/o
hirsut/o
hirund/i
hist/o
histi/o
home/o
hormon/o
humer/o
hydr/o
hygr/o
hymen/o
hypn/o
hypophys/o
hypothalam/o
hyster/o
iatr/o
ichthy/o
ide/o
idi/o
ile/o
glucose; sugar
jaw
knowledge
seed
sex glands
angle
granule(s)
writing
pregnancy
woman; female
circle, spiral
hallucination
simple, single
ulcer
sun
blood
blood
hemoglobin
liver
hernia
sweat
hairy
leech
tissue
tissue
sameness; unchanging; constant
hormone
humerous
water, fluid
moisture
hymen
sleep
pituitary gland
hypothalamus
uterus: womb
physician; treatment
dry; scaly
idea, mental images
idiopathic, unknown
ileum
56
ili/o
immun/o
inguin/o
insulin/o
iod/o
ion/o
ir/o
irid/o
is/o
isch/o
ischi/o
ixod/i
jaund/o
jejun/o
kal/i
kary/o
kel/o
kerat/o
keraun/o
ket/o
keton/o
kines/o
kinesi/o
klept/o
koil/o
kraur/o
kym/o
kyph/o
labi/o
lacrim/o
lact/o
lal/o
lamin/o
lampr/o
lapar/o
laryng/o
later/o
lecith/o
lei/o
leiomy/o
ilium
immune; protection; safe
groin
insulin (pancreatic hormone)
iodine
ion; to wander
iris (colored portion of eye)
iris (colored portion of eye)
same; equal
to hold back
ischium
ticks
yellow
jejunum
potassium
nucleus
tumor, fibrous growth
cornea; hard, horny tissue
lightning
ketones; acetones
ketones; acetones
movement
movement
to steal
hollow, concave, depressed
dry
waves
humpback
lips
tear; tear duct: lacrimal duct
milk
speech, babble
lamina (part of vertebral arch)
clear
abdomen, abdominal wall
larynx (voice box)
side
yolk, ovum
smooth
smooth muscle
57
lepid/o
lepr/o
lept/o
leth/o
leuk/o
lex/o
lien/o
ligament/o
ligat/o
lim/o
lingu/o
lip/o
lith/o
lob/o
log/o
logad/o
loph/o
lord/o
lox/o
lumb/o
lumin/o
lute/o
lux/o
luxation
ly/o
lymph/o
lymphaden/o
lymphangi/o
malleol/o
mamm/o
mandibul/o
mast/o
mastoid/o
maxill/o
meat/o
medi/o
mediastin/o
medic/o
medull/o
mel/o
plakes, scales
leprosy
thin, slender
death
white
word; phrase
spleen
ligament
binding, tying
hunger
tounge
fat; lipid
stone; calculus
lobe
study
whites of the eyes
ridge
curve; swavback
oblique, slanting
loin (lower back)
light
yellow
to slide
dislocation
to dissolve, loosen
lymph
lymph gland (node)
lymph vessel
malleolus
breast
mandible
breast
mastoid process (behind the ear)
maxilla (upper jaw bone)
meatus (opening)
middle
mediastinum
to heal, healing
medulla (inner section); middle; soft, marrow
limb, limbs
58
melan/o
men/o
mening/o
meningi/o
ment/o
mer/o
metacarp/o
metatars/o
method/o
metr/o
metri/o
mi/o
mnastoid/o
mon/o
morph/o
mort/o
muc/o
mucos/o
musculo/o
mut/a
mutagen/o
my/o
myc/o
mydr/o
myel/o
myocardi/o
myom/o
myos/o
myring/o
myx/o
narc/o
nas/o
nat/i
natr/o
necr/o
nect/o
nephr/o
neur/o
neutr/o
nid/o
black
menses; menstruation
meninges (membranes covering the spinal cord & brain)
meninges
mind; chin
part
metacarpals (hand bones)
metatarsals (foot bones)
procedure, technique
uterus (womb); measure
uterus (womb)
smaller; less
mastoid process (behind the ear)
one; single
shape; form
death
mucus
mucous membrane (mucosa)
muscle
genetic change
causing genetic change
muscle
fungus
wide
bone marrow or spinal cord
myocardium (heart muscle)
muscle tumor
muscle
tympanic membrane (eardrum)
mucus
numbness; stupor; sleep
nose
birth
sodium
death (of cells or whole body)
to bind, tie, connect
kidney
nerve
neutral
nest
59
noct/o
nod/o
nom/o
norm/o
nos/o
nucle/o
nutri/o, nutrit/o
nyct/o
o/o
obstetr/o
ocul/o
odont/o
odyn/o
ole/o
olecran/o
olig/o
om/o
omphal/o
onc/o
onych/o
oophor/o
ophry/o
ophthalm/o
opisth/o
opt/o
optic/o
or/o
orch/o
orchi/o
orchid/o
organ/o
orth/o
osche/o
osphresi/o
ossicul/o
oste/o
ot/o
ov/o
ovari/o
ovul/o
night
knot
custom, law
rule: order
disease
nucleus
to nourish
night
egg
pregnancy: childbirth
eye
tooth
pain
oil
olecranon (elbow)
scanty
shoulder
umbilicus, naval
tumor
nail (of fingers or toes)
ovary
eyebrow
eye
backward, behind
eye; vision
eye: vision
mouth
testis
testis
testis
organ
straight
scrotum
sense of smell
ossicle (small bone)
bone
ear
egg
ovary
egg
60
ox/o
oxysm/o
palat/o
pale/o
palliat/o
palp/o, palpat/o
palpebr/o
palpit/o
pancreat/o
pant/o
papill/o
papul/o
parasit/o
parathyroid/o
part/o
patell/o
path/o
pector/o
ped/o
pedicul/o
pelv/i, pelv/o
pend/o
per/o
percuss/o
pericardi/o
perine/o
peritone/o
perone/o
perspir/o
petr/o
phac/o
phag/o
phak/o
phalang/o
phall/o
phaner/o
pharmac/o
pharmaceut/o
pharyng/o
phas/o
oxygen
sudden
palate (roof of the mouth)
old
to soothe, relieve
to touch gently
eyelid
flutter, throbbing
pancreas
all, whole
nipple-like: optic disc (disk)
papule, pimple
parasite
parathyroid glands
childbirth
patella
disease
chest
child; foot
louse
pelvis; hip region
to hang
deformed, maimed
to tap
pericardium
perineum
peritoneum
fibula
breathe through
stone, petrous region of temporal bone
lens of eye
to eat, swallow
lens of eye
phalanges of fingers and toes)
penis
visible, apparent
drug
drug
pharyex
speech
61
phe/o
phil/o
phim/o
phleb/o
phob/o
phon/o
phosphat/o
phot/o
phren/o
phyl/o
phys/o
physi/o
physic/o
physis
phyt/o
picr/o
pies/i,
pil/o
pimel/o
pin/o
pineal/o
pituitar/o
plan/o
plant/o
plas/o
ple/o
pleur/o
plex/o
pneum/o
pneumon/o
pod/o
poikil/o
pol/o
poli/o
polyp/o
pont/o
por/o
posit/o
poster/o
presby/o
dusky: dark
like: love: attraction to
muzzle
vein
fear
voice: sound
phosphate
light
diaphragm: mind
race, species, type
growth
nature; function
physical, natural
growth
plant
bitter
pressure
hair
fat, fatty
to drink
pineal gland
pituitary gland
flat, level, wandering
sole of the foot; plantar flexion
formation, development
more: many
pleura
plexus: network (of nenes)
lung; air; gas
lung: air: gas
foot
varied: irregular
extreme
gray matter
polyp: small growth
pons (a part of the brain)
opening, passageway
arrangement, place
back of body; behind
old age
62
proct/o
pros/o
prosop/o
prostat/o
prot/o
prote/o
proxim/o
prurit/o
psamm/o
psor/o
psych/o
psychr/o
ptyal/o
pub/o
pulmon/o
puls/o, pulsat/o
pupill/o
purpur/i
purul/o
py/o
pycn/o
pyel/o
pylor/o
pyr/o
pyret/o
pyrex/o
quercin
rachi/o
radi/o
radicul/o
rect/o
ren/o
respir/o
resuscit/o
reticul/o
retin/o
rhabd/o
rhabdomy/o
rhe/o
rheumat/o
anus and rectum
forward, anterior
face
prostate gland
first
protein
near
itching
sand, sand-like material
itching
mind
cold
saliva
pubis (pubic bone):
lungs
to beat, beating
pupil (dark center of the eye)
purple
pus
pus
thick, dense
renal pelvis
pyloric
fever: fire
fever
fever
oak
spinal column, vertebrae
x-rays, or radius
nerve root,
rectum
kidney
breath
to revive
network
retina
rod shaped or striated (skeletal
skeletal muscle
flow, current, stream
discharg from the bofy
63
rhin/o
rhiz/o
rhod/o
rhythm/o
rhytid/o
roentgen/o
Root
rose/o
rot/o, rotat/o
rrhythm/o
rubr/o, rubr/i
sacchar/o
sacr/o
salping/o
sangu/i
sanguin/o
sanit/a
sapr/o
sarc/o
scapul/o
schist/o
schiz/o
scint/i
scirrh/o
scler/o
scolec/o
scoli/o
scot/o
seb/o
sebace/o
sect/o
semin/i
seps/o
ser/o
sial/o
sialaden/o
sider/o
sigmoid/o
silic/o
sinistr/o
nose
root
red, rosy
rhythm
wrinkle
x-rays
Meaning
rosy
turn, revolve
rhythm
red
sugar
sacrum
fallopian tube; auditory (eustachian) tube
blood
blood
health
rotten, decay
flesh (connective tissue)
scapula; shoulder blade
split, cleft
split
spark
hard
sclera (white of eye)
worm
crooked; bent, twisted
darkness
sebum
sebum
to cut
semen; seed
infection
serum, serous
saliva
salivary gland
iron
sigmoid colon
glass
left
64
sinus/o
sit/o
skelet/o
somat/o
somn/o
son/o
span/o
spectr/o
sperm/o
spermat/o
sphen/o
spher/o
sphygm/o
spin/o
spir/o
splanchn/o
splen/o
spondyl/o
squam/o
staped/o
staphyl/o
steat/o
sten/o
ster/o
stere/o
stern/o
steth/o
stich/o
stigmat/o
stomat/o
strept/o
styl/o
submaxill/o
succ/o
sud/o
symptom/o
synaps/o, synapt/o
syncop/o
syndactyly
syndesm/o
sinus
food
skeleton
body
sleep
sound
scanty, scarce
image, spectrum
spermatozoa; sperm cells
spermatozoa; sperm cells
wedge; sphenoid bone
globe-shaped; round
pulse
spine (backbone)
to breathe
viscera (internal organs)
spleen
vertebra
scale
stapes (middle ear bone)
clusters
fat, sebum
narrowed, constricted
solid structure; steroid
solid: three-dimensional
sternum (breastbone)
chest
rows
mark, point
mouth
twisted chains
pole or stake
mandible (lower jaw bone)
juice
sweat
occurrence
point of contact, to join
to cut off, cut short; faint
two or more fused digits
ligament
65
synov/o
syring/o
system/o
systol/o
tal/o
tali
tars/o
tax/o
techn/o
tel/o
tele/o
temp/o, tempor/o
ten/o
tend/o
tendin/o
tens/o
tephr/o
terat/o
test/o
tet/o
tetan/o
thalam/o
thalass/o
thanat/o
the/o
thec/o
thel/o
therapeut/o
therm/o
thorac/o
thromb/o
thym/o
thyr/o
thyroid/o
tibi/o
toc/o
tom/o
ton/o
tone/o
tonsill/o
svnovial
tube
system
contraction
talus
talus; ankel
tarsals
order; coordination
skill, art
complete
distant
period of time, the temples
tendon (to stretch)
tendon (to stretch)
tendon (to stretch)
stretched, strained
gray (ashen)
monster: malformed fetus
testis (testicle)
complete
tetanus
thalamus
sea
death
to put, place
sheath
nipple
treatment
heat
chest
clot
thymus gland
thyroid gland; shield
thyroid gland
tibia
labor; birth
to cut
tone or tension
to stretch
tonsils
66
top/o
torso
tox/o
toxic/o
trache/o
traumat/o
trem/o, tremul/o
tri/o
trich/o
trigon/o
troph/o
tub/o
tumesc/o
tympan/o
typhl/o
ul/o
uln/o
umbilic/o
ungu/o
ungu/o
ur/o
uran/o
ureter/o
urethr/o
uric/o
urin/o
uter/o
uve/o
uvul/o
vaccin/o
vag/o
vagin/o
valv/o
valvul/o
varic/o
vas/o
vascul/o
ven/o, ven/i
vener/o
ventil/o
place, position, location
twisted
poison
poison
trachea (windpipe)
trauma, injury, wound
shaking, trembling
to sort out, sorting
hair
trigone (area within the bladder)
nourishment; development
tube
swelling
tvmpanic membrane (eardrum);
cecum, blindness
scar, scarring
ulna (medial lower arm bone)
umbilicus (navel)
nail
nail
urine, urinary tract
palate
ureter
urethra
urine condition
urine
uterus (womb)
uvea, vascular layer of eye (iris, choroid, ciliary bod)
uvula
vaccine
vagus nerve
vagina
valve
valve
swollen, twested vein
vessel; duct; vas deferens
vessel (blood)
vein
venereal (sexual contact)
to aerate, oxygenate
67
ventr/o
ventricul/o
venul/o
verm/i
verruc/i
vers/o
vertebr/o
vesic/o
vesicul/o
vestibul/o
vir/o
viscer/o
vit/o
vitr/o
vitre/o
viv/o
vol/o
volv/o, volut/o
vulv/o
xanth/o
xen/o
xer/o
xiph/o
zo/o
zol/o
zyg/o
zym/o
belly side of body
ventricle (of heart or brain)
venule (small vein)
worm
wart
turn, turning
vertebra (backbone)
urinary bladder
seminal vesicle
vestibule
virus
internal organs
life
vitreous body (of the eye)
glass
life
to roll
to roll
vulva (female external genitalia)
yellow
stranger
dry
sword
animal life
animal life
union, junction, pair, yoke, tied together
enzyme, ferment
68
Prefixes
Prefix
Meaning
aabadafagoraambiamphiananaanteantiapoatretoautautobarybatho-, bathy
bibrachybradycatacirumconcontradedecademidiadisdorsidyseecechoectoem-
no; not; without
away from
toward, to or near
toward
marketplace
around, on both sides, about
around, on both sides
no; not; without
up; apart; backward; again, anew
before, forward
against, opposite
off, away
closed, lacking an opening
self; own
self, own
weight, pressure
deep, depth
two
short
slow
down
circumvascular, around
together; with
against, opposite
lack of; down; less; removal of
ten
half
through, complete
apart, to separate
back
bad, painful, difficult, abnormal
out or away
out, outside
reflected sound
out: outside
in
69
enendendoepiequiesoeuexexoextraforehemihemihepta-, sept-, septiheredoheterohex-, hexaholohomohydrohyperhypohypsiininfrainterintraipsiirithy
juxtakernlevomacromalmegamesometamicromogi-
in, within
in: within
in; within
above; upon; on
equality, equal
inward
good, normal
out: away from
out; away from
outside
before, in front
half
half
seven
heredity
different
six
entire, complete
same
water
above; excessive
deficient; below; under; less than normal
high
into, within, not
below; inferior to; beneath
between, among
within; into
same
in
erect, straight
near
nucleus (collection of nerve cells in the brain)
left
large
bad
large
middle
beyond, change, after, between
small
difficult
70
monomultinocinomennoninronulli
octaoligoone and a half
oxypachypalipanparparapent-, penta-, quinqueperperiplatypoliopolypostpreprimiproprospseudequadquaderquadriquadri, tetraqualquantquartquasi-
one
many
to cause harm, injury or pain
name
nine
new
none
eight
few, deficite
two
swift; sharp; acid
heavy; thick
recurrence, repetition
all
other than: abnormal
abnormal, beside, near
Five
through
surrounding
broad, flat
gray matter (of brain or spinal cord)
many, much
after, behind
before, in front of
first
before, forward
before: forward
false
four
four
four, square
four
quality, characteristic
how much
fourth, four
to some degree, as if
querquintquotare-
to seek, search
fifth, five
how many
back; again; backward
71
retrorhabdomyosemisemisubsupersuprasymsyntachytautotetratmotranstritriultrauniwithxyloxyszeozincozon-
behind, back, backward
striated, skeletal muscle
half
half
under: below
above, excessive
above, upper
together; with
together, with
fast
identical, same
four
steam, vapor
through, across
three
three
beyound, excess
one
together, united
wood e.g. xylum
file, scrape
boil
Pertaining to or containing the element zinc
girdle, belt
72
Suffixes
Suffix
-ac
-acusis
-ad
-agogue
-agon
-agra
-al
-algesia
-algia
-amine
-an
-apheresis
-ar
-arche
-arthria
-artresia
-ary
-ase
-assay
-asthenia
-at
-ation
-basia
-blast
-blastoma
-boulia
-calculia
-capnia
-cataphasia
-cathisia, -kathisia
-cele
-centesis
-chalasia
-chezia
-chroia
-cidal
Meaning
pertaining to
hearing
toward
producer, leader
to assemble, gather
excessive pain
pertaining to
sensitivity to pain
pain
nitrogen compound
pertaining to
removal, carrying away
pertaining to
beginning
articulate (speak distinctly)
closure, occlusion
pertaining to
enzyme
to examine, analyze
lack of strength, weakness
pertaining to
process; condition
walking
embryonic, immature cell
immature tumor (cells)
will
to compute
carbon
affirmation
sitting
pouching, hernia
surgical puncture to remove fluid
relaxation
defecation- elimination of wastes
skin coloration
pertaining to killing
73
-cide
-clasis
-clast
-clysis
-coccus
-coccus (-cocci, p1.)
-coimesis
-coma
-coniosis
-constriction
-crine
-crit
-cusis
-cyesis
-cyte
-cytosis
-derma
-desis
-dialysis
-dilation
-dote
-drome
-dynia
-e
-eal
-ectasia
-ectom
-ectomy
-ectopia
-edema
-elasma
-ema
-emesis
-emia
-emic
-emphraxis
-er
-esis
-esthesia
-eurysm
killing
to break
to break
irrigation; washing
berry-shaped bacterium
berry-shaped bacterium
sleeping
deep sleep
narrowing
to secrete: separate
to separate
hearing
pregnancy
cell
abnormal condition of cells: increase in cell
skin
to bind, tie together
widening: stretching; expanding
to give
to run
pain
noun marker
pertaining to
dilation: dilatation: widening, expantion
removal: excision; resection
displacement
swelling
flat plate
condition
vomiting
blood condition
pertaining to blood condition
stoppage, obstruction
one who
action; condition; state of
nervous sensation
widening
74
-facient
-femoral
-ferent
-ferent
-fication
-fida
-form
-fusion
-gen
-genesis
-genic
-globin
-globulin
-grade
-gram
-graph
-graphy
-gravida
-helminth
-hexia
-ia
-iac
-iasis
-iatrics
-iatry
-ic
-ical
-ician
-icle
-ile
-in
-inc
-ine
-ion
-ior
-ism
-ist
-itis
-ium
-kinesia
to cause, make happen
femur
to carry
to carry
process of making
split
resembling; in the shape of
to pour; to come together
substance that produces
producing; forming, origin
pertaining to producing, produced by or in
protein
protein
to go
record
instrument for recording
process of recording
worm
habit
condition of
pertaining to
abnormal condition, formation, or presence of
treatment
treatment
pertaining to
pertaining to
specialist
small
pertainig to
a substance
a substance
process
pertaining to
process: condition
specialist
inflammation
structure, tissue
movement
75
-kinesis
-kinetic
-labile
-lapse
-lemma
-lepsy
-leptic
-lexia
-lipsis
-listhesis
-lith
-lithiasis
-lithotomy
-logist
-logy
-lucent
-lysis
-lytic
-malacia
-mania
-masesis
-mastia
-megaly
-meter
-metrist
-metry
-mimesis
-mimetic
-mission
-mnesia
-mortem
-motor
-mycin
-mycosis
-nine
-noia
-oid
-old
-ole
-oma
movement
unstable, perishable
to side, fall, sag
sheath, covering
seizure
to seize, take hold of
word; phrase
omit, fail
slipping
stones
condition of stones
incision (for removal) of a stone
study (process of)
to shine
breakdown, destruction, seperation
pertaninc to destruction
softening
obsessive, preoccupation, abnormal impulse toward
mastication, chewing
breat
enlargement
measure
process of measuring
process of measuring
imitation, simulation
mimic; copy
to send
memory
death
movement
mold
mold
to secrete: separate
mind, will
resembling, derived from
resembling; derived from
little; small
tumor, mass, collection of fluid
76
-one
-opaque
-opia
-opsia
-opsy
-or
-orexia
-ory
-ose
-osis
-osmia
-ostomy
-ostosis
-otia
-otomy
-ous
-oxia
-pagus
-para
-para
-paresis
-paresis
-pareunia
-parous
-partum
-path
-pathy
-penia
-pepsia
-pes
-pexy
-phage
-phagia
-phasia
-pheresis
-phil
-philia
-phobia
-phonia
-phonia
hormone
obscure
vision condition
vision condition
view of
one who
appetite
pertaining to
full of; pertaining to; sugar
abnormal condition, increase
smell
surgically creating an opening
condition of bone
ear condition
cutting into
pertaining to
oxygen
conjoined twins
to bear, bring forth (live births)
to bear, bring forth (live births)
weakness, slight paralysis
weakness
sexual intercourse
to bear, bring forth
birth, labor
disease; emotion
deficiency
digestion
foot
fixation; to put in place
eat; swallow
eat; swallow
speech
removal
attraction for
attraction for
fear
voice: sound
voice; sound
77
-phor/o
-phoresis
-phoria
-phthisis
-phylaxis
-physis
-phyte
-piesis
-plakia
-plasia
-plasm
-plastic
-plasty
-plegia
-plegic
-pnea
-poiesis
-poietin
-porosis
-posia
-prandial
-praxia
-pterygium
-ptosis
-ptysis
-ptysis
-puncture
-receptor
-rrhage
-rrhagia
-rrhaphy
-rrhea
-rrhexis
-salpinx
-schisis
-sclerosis
-scope
-scopy
-sepsis
-sis
to bear
carrying; transmission
to bear, carry; feeling (mental state)
wasting away
protection
to grow
plant
pressure
plaque
development: formation: growth
structure or formation
pertaining to formation
surgical repair
paralysis: palsy
paralysis: palsy
breathing
formation
substance that forms
condition of pores (spaces, passage)
drinking
meal
action
abnormality of the conjunctiva
drooping, sagging, prolaps
spitting
spitting
to pierce a surface
receiver
bursting forth (of blood)
bursting forth (of blood)
suture
flow: discharge
rupture
fallopian tube; oviduct
to split
hardening
instrument for visual examination
process of visual examination with endoscope
putrefaction
state of; condition
78
-sol
-some
-somnia
-spadia
-spasm
-spermia
-sphyxia
-stalsis
-stalsis
-stasis
-stat
-static
-stenosis
-sterone
-sthenia
-sthenia
-stitial
-stomia
-stomy
-stroma
-suppression
-taxia
-tension
-therapy
-thorax
-thymia
-thymic
-tic
-tim
-tocia
-tocin
-tome
-tomy
-tresia
-tresia
-tripsy
-trophy
-tropia
-tropic
-tropin
solution
body
sleep
to tear, cut
sudden, involuntary contraction of muscles
sperm
pulse
contraction
contraction
stopping, controlling
pertaining to stopping; controlling
tightening: stricture, narrowing
strength
strength
to set; pertaining to standing or positioned
condition of the mouth
opening to form a mouth (stoma)
supporting tissue of an organ
to stop
gait
pressure
treatment
chest; pleural cavity
mind (condition of)
pertaining to mind
pertaining to
structure; tissue; thing
labor; birth (condition of)
labor; birth (a substance for)
instrument to cut
incision, cutting into
opening
opening
to crush
development, nourishment
to turn
turning
stimulate; act on
79
-type
-ula
-ule
-um
-uresis
-uria
-urn
-us
-vascular
-verse
-version
-ward
-where
-wise
-y
-yl
-yne
-zyme
classification; picture
little; small
little; small
structure; thing, tissue
urination
urination; condition of urine
structure, tissue
structure, substance
vessel
to turn
to turn
in the direction of
location e.g. anywhere
direction e.g. clockwise
condition, process
suffix - a monovalent hydrocarbon radical e.g. ethyl
ending for alkynes
enzyme
80