VOCABULARY FRO/'A LATIN AND GREEK ROOTS
qlT SEVENTEEN
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UNIT SEVENTEEN
C
OP
Lÿ
Greek OPSIS "view"
Presbyopia (presbys,
"old," + opsis) is the sci-
SYNOPSIS (si nap" sis) n. A short outline or review of main points
entific name for the near-
sightedness that comes
G. syn, "together," + opsis = view together; overall view
The events the book describes would be easier to understand if the author had
with old age.
included a synopsis at the end of each chapter.
D
L
E
d
S"
syn: summary
MYOPIC (mi ap" ik) adj. Nearsighted; lacking vision or foresight
Go muein, "to close one's eyes," + opsis = to shut one's eyes to
The administration's myopic strategy in this case may cause serious problems
later on.
[
]_
l
t
1
]
UMBR
Latin UMBRA "shadow, shade"
ADUMBRATE (a" dum brat) v. To briefly outline or describe
L. ad, "toward," + umbra = to shade, to fill in
During the question-and-answer session this afternoon, the weatherman will
adumbrate the probability of severe storms in the area.
UMBRAGE (urn" brij) n. Anger caused by an insult or slight
Although the interviewer's question could certainly be interpreted as insulting,
the actress did not take umbrage. "
syn: offense
The superstitious man took UMBRAGE when the
UMBRELLA was opened inside.
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4IT SEVENTEEN
V
VOCABULARY FROM LATIN AND GREEK ROOTS
m
EXERCISES - UNIT SEVENTEEN
:rcise I. Complete the sentence in a way that shows you understand the meaning of the italicized
vocabulary word.
.
The Musical Honor Society at Libner High comprises members of the orchestra as well as...
8.
Some of Mr. Lewis' myopic financial strategies resulted in..,
9.
The leader of the small band of rebel soldiers adumbrated his plans to.o.
1(
The War Crimes Tribunal called the general's deeds reprehensible because...
Eÿ
It was difficult for Megan to discern Li's true reason for being upset because...
'4
At the press conference immediately following the earthquake, the Mayor apprised local citizens that...
1.
The meteor broke apart into four discrete pieces when...
2
Lisa was forced
r to use extreme discretion when working on the case because.""
A synopsis of the opera was provided so that...
.
Patty often takes umbÿdge at her supervisor's remarks because...
rcise II. Fill in the blank with the best word from the choices below. One word will not be used.
reprehensible
synopsis
umbrage
discrete
.
Although the judges' remarks were highly critical, the young gymnast took no
Divided into
at them.
blocks, the city looked like a patchwork quilt.
The police chief requested a full
of the new legislation from his deputy.
.
in the blank with the best word from the choices below. One word will not be used.
discretion
comprised
You can depend on your own
myopic
adumbrated
when deciding which streets to take after dark.
.
In an effort not to be
of its plan.
, the company evaluated both the long-term and short-term effects
Because Coach Seville had not
his strategy for the team, both managers and players
remained in the dark up to the opening game.
m
VOCABULARYFROM LATIN AND GREEK ROOTS
UNIT 5EVENTEE
Fill in the blank with the best word from the choices below. One word will not be used.
comprised
discern
reprehensible
7.
Because she did not
8.
The chain of islands
9.
An officer standing by the washed-out bridge
apprised
adumbrate
the risk in lending her sister money, Kathy foolishly wrote out a check
10. What could be more
six independent countries and one colony.
motorists of the emergency situation.
than Brutus' betrayal of a man who trusts him?
Exercise III. Choose the set of words that best completes the sentence.
.
.-
Because the loan officer did not
customers could not
A. comprise; apprise
B. ÿadumbrate; discern r
C. comprise; adumbrate
D. discern; comprise
the special benefits offered by the bank, potent
any reason to open an account.
When Stephen called Miranda's considerate, loving gesture
, she immediately toq
A. dlscrete;_ synopsis
B. myopic; synopsis
C. myopic; discretion
D. reprehensible; umbrage
.
Listeners to the political radio program should use their
deciding how much of the host's weekly
when
to beheve.
A. discretion; umbrage
B. discretion; synopsis
C. -myopic; umbrage
D. discretion; reprehensible
.
The spectrum of natural light
seven
shades of color.
A. comprises; discrete
B. apprises; myopic
C. adumbrates; myopic
D. discerns; reprehensible
.
When accountants
Tom of the fact that his investment strategy was rather
he shot back that no one could predict the future.
Ao comprised; myopic
B. adumbrated; discrete
Co apprised; myopic
D. discerned; discrete
10
UNIT SEVENTEEN
VOCABULARY FROM LATIN AND GREEK ROOTS
Exercise IV. Complete the sentence by inferring information about the italicized word from its context.
1. If Barbara is critical of Franklin for being myopic about their relationship, she probably wishes he would.°.
2. If Quincey takes umbrage at a remark made by his professor, his expression is probably one of...
3. Because Noah has used little discretion in deciding how to spend his money at the fair, he may find that...
Exercise V° Fill in the blank with the word from the Unit that best completes the sentence, using the root
we supply as a clue. Then, answer the questions that follow the paragraphs.
The study of literature is the greatest academic endeavor
insights for students into how to answer these questions for
that high school students can pursue, and if students today
themselves.
Reading, reviewing, and relating to literature forces
students to evaluate new ideas, develop opinions on simi-
would increase the amount of literature they read and cri-
tique, they would enjoy immeasurable benefits both in and
out of the classroom. Many classes teach skills that cross
into other subject matters. The study of mathematics may
help a student in the area of music. Understanding the
lar issues, and open theirÿminds to new ways of thinking.
Literature is one subject that allows students to agree, dis-
historical ramifications of the United States Constitution
agree, and even argue with its truths and values.
Studying literature will not guarantee an increase in
may shed light on current political events. However, only
SAT scores. It will probably not give a student an edge in
a literature class will teach students to think critically for
a job interview° It will not make a student a more popular
themselves through the analysis and critique of an author's
creative work. These critical thinking skills can then be use-
person. Studying literature will; however, expose a student
ful in any other academic effort.
to the thoughts and feelings of other human beings, which,
in turn, will help foster the development of a personal belief
The common student lament that the study of literature is
not applicable to current world issues is a bit
system.
(OP). Universal themes such as love, religion, good and
student enters a group that shares a common base of knowl-
evil, power, family, coming-of-age, and personal quests
edge. This group
are found in many literary forms and provide the basis for
our understanding of human existence. Understanding
all over the world who have experienced the same exposure
to an author's work. This common experience does more
literature allows students to
.(CERN) the
thane provide a conversational topic; it provides a thread
questions that have plagued humankind for centuries.
Reviewing an author's take on such questions provides some
that helps keep the fabric of our society tightly woven. It
is through shared experiences, like literature, that people
Finally, through reading the truly great literary works, a
learn to relate to each other.
106
(PRIS) individuals from
JNIT EIGHTEEN
VOCABULARY FROM LATIN AND GREEK ROOTS
UNIT EIGHTEEN
DUR
Latin DURUS "hard"
DOUR (dow" or; d6r) adj. Gloomy and stern
Grandfather's habitually dour expression made my baby sister cry.
syn: sullen
OBDURATE (ÿb" dor ot) adj. Wickedly stubborn; obstinate
L. ob, "toward, in the way of" + durus = hard toward
The general's obdurate insistence that no political prisoners had been abused was
taken as further proof of his corruption.
Your dura mater is the
tough lining that protects
your brain and spinal
cord. The name literally
DURESS (d66r es') n. The use of force or threats to make someone act
The witness claimed that, alone and under duress, she falsified and invented the
information that she gave to police.
syn: coercion
means "tough mother,"
and is a translation of an
Arabic phrase meaning
FLU, FLUX
the same thing. Medieval
Latin FLUERE, FLUCTUS "flow"
FLUX, FLUCTIS "flow"
Arabic doctors believed
that this lining was the
source, or "mother," of all
FLUX (fluks) no Continuous change; instability
)ther linings in the body.
The country's economy will remain in a state of flux until tariffs and trade rates
are stabilized.
)
INFLUX (in" fluks) n. A massive movement into
L. in, "into," + flux = flowing into
The Congress of the European Union has had a difficult time dealing with the
influx of immigrants from Eastern Europe and the Middle East.
syn: inrush
ant: outpouring
CONFLUENCE (kan" fl66 ons) n. A meeting of two or more people, events, or
circumstances; merging
L. con, "together," + fluere =flowing together
The confluence of fortunate circumstances--good weather, light traffic, and a uniformly good mood on the part of the attendees--made for a nearly perfect picnic.
PRIM, PRESS
Latin PRIMERE, PRESSUM "press, push"
Lÿ
IRREPRESSIBLE (i rÿ pres" o bol) adj. Impossible to hold back or control
L. in, "not," + re, "back," + pressure = not able to be pushed back
The irrepressible crowd broke through the doors of the concert arena.
syn: uncontainable
VOCABULARY FROM LATIN AND GREEK ROOTS
.
UNIT EIGHTEEI
Were the men seen leaving the store together in
with the burglars who showed up late
that night?
Fill in the blank with the best word from the choices below. One word will not be used.
obdurate
.
flux
irrepressible
explicate
duplicitous
implicate
Because of the dispute over zoning laws, plans for the new zoo remain in
7.
To
8.
Staffs
9.
Delighted by Georgia's
10.
Mr. Hill's
a novel often requires more time than the reading of the novel.
behavior has no place in an organization built on trust and loyalty.
energy, the casting director assigned her the starring role.
insistence on absolute obedience from his employees led several of them to tilt
complaints against him.
Fill in the blank with the best word from the choices below. One word will not be used.
x,
suppress
reprimand
confluence
11. Shocked by her teacher's harsh
implicate
inexplicable
, Amanda ran from the room in tears.
12. Mr. Summers was relieved to learn that the investigation did not
the financial scandal.
13. Debbie made the
any of his employees in
decision to change key mid-song, leaving her backup singers bewildered
and out-of-tune.
14. Mariela could not
a smile when she saw her little brother's excitement.
Exercise III, Choose the set of words that best completes the sentence.
.
Hearing such infectious music, even a person as
urge to dance.
as Harry could not
the
-'
A. inexplicable; suppress
B. obdurate; implicate
C. duplicitous; reprimand
D. dour; suppress
.
Although eyewitness accounts originally
was invalidated because the witnesses were under
A. implicated; duress
,j
B. suppressed; reprimand
C. implicated; confluence
D. suppressed; complicity
several teenagers in the accident, the information
111
VOCABULARY FRoivÿ LATIN AND GREEK ROOTS
UNIT EIGHTEEN
.
Many primitive societies
A. banned the use of corporal punishment.
B. had full jails and turned to corporal punishment as a backup.
C. practiced corporal punishment in numerous situations.
D. allowed social service agencies to help people who had been beaten.
.
Which statement best summarizes the status of teachers and corporal punishment as explained in the
article?
A. Teachers can't put students in jail, so they use corporal punishment.
B. In many societies, teachers can be disciplined or even fired if they use corporal punishment on their
students.
C. All teachers are against capital punishment, which is the most extreme form of corporal punishment.
D. Teachers frequently try to educate students about the evils of corporal punishment.
.
In an unsettled society, corporal punishment
A. is strictly outlawed.
B. is often tolerated because it is cheap and quick.
C. shows that the government is not in control of the people.
D. is a form of entertainment.
Exercise VI. Drawing on your knowledge of roots and words in context, read the following selection and
define the italicized words. If you cannot figure out the meaning of the words on your own, look them
up in a dictionary. Note that soli means "earth, soil," and thermo means "heat."
Solifluction in the Arctic zone has taken place over a period of about ten years. During this period, ecological
and climate changes have also affected the transported earth and plant material. Certain microorganisms that
had millions of years to develop strong immunity to external change have moved along with the soil to loweraltitude areas. Though the temperature in these areas may be only a fraction of a degree higher, the single-celled
life forms have much more opportunity to breed and thrive. Their protection against cold also guards them
against extreme heat; laboratory tests have proved them thermoduric.
!
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