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Lecture 5
Nutrition/Transport
I. Nutrition
A. Modes of growth (the “trophs”)
1. Autotrophs
2. Phototrophs
3. Chemotrophs
4. Combinations
a) Chemoheterotrophs
b) Photoautotrophs
c) Chemoautotrophs
5. Obligate and facultative (Box 5.2)
B. What does a cell need to grow?
1. First let's see what cells are made of:
2. Composition of cells (Table 5.1)
3. C, O, N, H, S, P
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Nutrition/Transport
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4. Salts
5. Trace elements
6. Growth factors
II. How do prokaryotes get their nutrients?
A. By transporting it in
B. Cytoplasmic membrane is selectively permeable
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Lecture 5
Nutrition/Transport
C. Diffusion (Fig. 5.2)
D. The role of active transport
1. Secondary transporters (Fig. 5.4)
a) Uniporters
b) Symporters (Fig. 5.5)
c) Antiporters
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Nutrition/Transport
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2. Group translocation (Fig. 5.6)
3. ABC Transporters (Fig. 5.3)
a) Iron uptake example (Fig. 5.8)
III.How to grow bacteria:
A. Most prokaryotes cannot be cultured in the lab
B. Culture medium
1. Complex
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Lecture 5
Nutrition/Transport
2. Defined (Table 5.2, what’s missing?)
3. Carbon source
4. Energy source
5. Solid vs. liquid
6. Sterilization methods
7. Aseptic techniques
C. Salinity, Acidity, and alkalinity
1. Halophilic (Fig. 6.17)
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Nutrition/Transport
2. Acidiphilic vs. alkaliphilic
3. Haloalkaliphilic
D. Oxygen
1. Aerobes (obligate/strict vs. facultative)
2. Microaerophiles
3. Anaerobes (obligate/strict vs. aerotolerant)
4. Oxygen toxicity
5. Anaerobic growth (Fig. 6.14)
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Lecture 5
Nutrition/Transport
E. Temperature (Fig. 6.15 and 6.16)
1. Cardinal temperatures
2. Psychrophiles
3. Mesophiles
4. Thermophiles
5. Hyperthermophiles
6. Examples (Table 6.3)
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