Determination of KN compositeness
of the Λ(1405) resonance
from its radiative decay
Takayasu SEKIHARA (KEK)
in collaboration with
Shunzo KUMANO (KEK)
1. Introduction
2. Formulation of Λ(1405) radiative decay
3. Radiative decay width vs. compositeness
4. Summary
[1] T. S. and S. Kumano, Phys. Rev. C89 (2014) 025202 [ arXiv:1311.4637 [nucl-th] ].
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1. Introduction
++ Exotic hadrons and their structure ++
■ Exotic hadrons --- not same quark component as ordinary hadrons
= not qqq nor qq.
--- Compact multi-quark systems, hadronic molecules, glueballs, ...
□ Candidates: Λ(1405), the lightest scalar mesons, X Y Z, ...
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1. Introduction
++ Exotic hadrons and their structure ++
■ Exotic hadrons --- not same quark component as ordinary hadrons
= not qqq nor qq.
--- Compact multi-quark systems, hadronic molecules, glueballs, ...
□ Candidates: Λ(1405), the lightest scalar mesons, X Y Z, ...
+1.3
--1.0
■ Λ(1405) --- Mass = 1405.1
MeV, width = 1/(life time) = 50 ± 2 MeV,
Particle Data Group
decay to πΣ (100 %), I ( JP ) = 0 ( 1/2-- ).
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1. Introduction
++ Exotic hadrons and their structure ++
■ Exotic hadrons --- not same quark component as ordinary hadrons
= not qqq nor qq.
--- Compact multi-quark systems, hadronic molecules, glueballs, ...
□ Candidates: Λ(1405), the lightest scalar mesons, X Y Z, ...
+1.3
--1.0
■ Λ(1405) --- Mass = 1405.1
MeV, width = 1/(life time) = 50 ± 2 MeV,
Particle Data Group
decay to πΣ (100 %), I ( JP ) = 0 ( 1/2-- ).
■ Why is Λ(1405) the lightest excited baryon with JP = 1/2--?
--- Λ(1405) contains a strange quark, which should be ~ 100 MeV
heavier than up and down quarks.
□ Strongly attractive KN interaction in the I = 0 channel.
--> Λ(1405) is a KN quasi-bound state ??? Dalitz and Tuan (’60), ...
???
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1. Introduction
++ Dynamically generated Λ(1405) ++
■ The chiral unitary model (ChUM) reproduces low-energy Exp. data
and dynamically generates Λ(1405) in meson-baryon degrees of f.
Kaiser-Siegel-Weise (’95), Oset-Ramos (’98), Oller-Meissner (’01), Jido et al. (’03), ...
T-matrix =
Tij (s) = Vij +
X
Vik Gk Tkj
--- Bethe-Salpeter
Eq.
k
--- Spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking + Scattering unitarity.
Λ(1405) in KN-πΣ-ηΛ-KΞ coupled-channels.
■ Prediction: Two poles for Λ(1405) are
dynamically generated.
Jido et al., Nucl. Phys. A725 (2003) 181.
--- One of the poles (around 1420 MeV)
originates from KN bound state.
Hyodo and Weise, Phys. Rev. C77 (2008) 035204.
Hyodo and Jido, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 67 (2012) 55.
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1. Introduction
++ Determine hadron structures ++
■ How can we determine the structure of hadrons in Exp. ?
¯
| (1405) = Cuds |uds + CKN
¯ |K
|N + Cuud¯us |uud¯
us + · · ·
□ Spatial structure (= spatial size).
--- Loosely bound hadronic molecules will have large spatial size.
T. S. , T. Hyodo and D. Jido, Phys. Lett. B669 (2008) 133; Phys. Rev. C83 (2011) 055202;
T. S. and T. Hyodo, Phys. Rev. C87 (2013) 045202.
□ “Count” quarks inside hadron by using some special condition.
--- Scaling law for the quark counting rule in high energy scattering.
H. Kawamura, S. Kumano and T. S. , Phys. Rev. D88 (2013) 034010.
□ Compositeness X = amount of two-body state inside system.
cf. Deuteron is a proton-neutron bound state, not elementary.
Weinberg, Phys. Rev. 137 (1965) B672; Hyodo, Jido and Hosaka, Phys. Rev. C85 (2012) 015201;
T. S. , T. Hyodo and D. Jido, in preparation.
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1. Introduction
++ Compositeness ++
■ Compositeness ( X ) = amount of the two-body components
in a resonance as well as a bound state.
(Large composite <--> X ~ 1)
--- Elementariness
Z = 1 -- X.
■ Compositeness can be defined as the contribution of the two-body
component to the normalization of the total wave function.
˜|
= XKN
+ ··· + Z = 1
¯
(
...)
--- K, N are color singlet and hence observables, but quarks are not.
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1. Introduction
++ Compositeness ++
■ Compositeness ( X ) = amount of the two-body components
in a resonance as well as a bound state.
(Large composite <--> X ~ 1)
--- Elementariness
Z=1
Xi
i
■ Recently compositeness has been discussed
in the context of the chiral unitary model.
--- i-channel compositeness is expressed as:
Xi =
gi2
Hyodo, Jido, Hosaka (2012),
T. S. , T. Hyodo and D. Jido, in preparation.
dGi
( s = Wpole )
d s
Tij (s) = Vij +
X
Vik Gk Tkj
k
gi
Cut-off is not needed
for dG/d√s.
Gi (s) = i
d4 q
(2 )4 q 2
1
m2k + i (P
Tij =
gi gj
+ TBG
s Wpole
1
q)2
mk2 + i
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1. Introduction
++ Compositeness ++
■ Compositeness ( X ) = amount of the two-body components
in a resonance as well as a bound state.
(Large composite <--> X ~ 1)
--- Elementariness
Z=1
Xi
i
■ Recently compositeness has been discussed
in the context of the chiral unitary model.
--- i-channel compositeness is expressed as:
Xi =
gi2
dGi
( s = Wpole )
d s
gi
Gi (s) = i
d4 q
(2 )4 q 2
Hyodo, Jido, Hosaka (2012),
T. S. , T. Hyodo and D. Jido, in preparation.
--> Compositeness can be determined
from the coupling constant gi
and the pole position Wpole.
1
m2k + i (P
1
q)2
mk2 + i
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1. Introduction
++ Compositeness ++
■ Compositeness ( X ) = amount of the two-body components
in a resonance as well as a bound state.
(Large composite <--> X ~ 1)
--- Elementariness
Z=1
Xi
i
■ Recently compositeness has been discussed
in the context of the chiral unitary model.
--- i-channel compositeness is expressed as:
Xi =
gi2
Hyodo, Jido, Hosaka (2012),
T. S. , T. Hyodo and D. Jido, in preparation.
dGi
( s = Wpole )
d s
□ Compositeness of Λ(1405)
in the chiral unitary model:
--> Complex values, which
cannot be interpreted as
the probability.
Wpole
XKN
¯
X
X
XK
Z
(1405), lower pole
1391 66i MeV
0.21 0.13i
0.37 + 0.53i
0.01 + 0.00i
0.00 0.01i
0.86 0.40i
(1405), higher pole
1426 17i MeV
0.99 + 0.05i
0.05 0.15i
0.05 + 0.01i
0.00 + 0.00i
0.00 + 0.09i
T. S. and T. Hyodo, Phys. Rev. C87 (2013) 045202.
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1. Introduction
++ Compositeness ++
■ Compositeness ( X ) = amount of the two-body components
in a resonance as well as a bound state.
(Large composite <--> X ~ 1)
--- Elementariness
Z=1
Xi
i
■ Recently compositeness has been discussed
in the context of the chiral unitary model.
--- i-channel compositeness is expressed as:
Xi =
gi2
Hyodo, Jido, Hosaka (2012),
T. S. , T. Hyodo and D. Jido, in preparation.
dGi
( s = Wpole )
d s
□ Compositeness of Λ(1405)
in the chiral unitary model:
--> Large KN component
for (higher) Λ(1405),
since XKN is almost unity.
Wpole
XKN
¯
X
X
XK
Z
(1405), lower pole
1391 66i MeV
0.21 0.13i
0.37 + 0.53i
0.01 + 0.00i
0.00 0.01i
0.86 0.40i
(1405), higher pole
1426 17i MeV
0.99 + 0.05i
0.05 0.15i
0.05 + 0.01i
0.00 + 0.00i
0.00 + 0.09i
T. S. and T. Hyodo, Phys. Rev. C87 (2013) 045202.
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1. Introduction
++ Compositeness in experiments ++
■ How can we determine compositeness of Λ(1405) in experiments ?
Xi =
gi2
dGi
( s = Wpole )
d s
--- Compositeness can be evaluated from the coupling constant gi
and the pole position Wpole.
■ Exercise: πΣ compositeness.
□ Pole position from PDG values:
Wpole = MΛ(1405) -- i ΓΛ(1405) / 2 with MΛ(1405) = 1405 MeV, ΓΛ(1405) = 50 MeV.
□ Coupling constant gπΣ from Λ(1405) --> πΣ decay width:
(1405)
=3
pcm M
|g
2 M (1405)
|2 = 50 MeV
--> | gπΣ | = 0.91 .
--> From the compositeness formula, we obtain | XπΣ | = 0.19 .
--- Not small, but not large πΣ component for Λ(1405).
■ Then, how is KN compositeness ?
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1. Introduction
++ Compositeness in experiments ++
■ How can we determine KN compositeness of Λ(1405) in Exp. ?
Xi =
gi2
dGi
( s = Wpole )
d s
○ Pole position can be fixed from PDG values.
× Unfortunately, one cannot directly determine the KN coupling
constant in Exp. in contrast to the πΣ coupling strength,
because Λ(1405) exists just below the KN threshold (~ 1435 MeV).
× Furthermore, there are no direct model-independent relations
between the KN compositeness and observables such as
the K-- p scattering length, in contrast to the deuteron case.
--- The relation for deuteron is valid only for small BE.
--> Therefore, in order to determine the KN compositeness, we have
to observe some reactions which are relevant to the
KN coupling cosntant. --- Such as the Λ(1405) radiative decay !
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2. Formulation
++ Radiative decay of Λ(1405) ++
■ There is an “experimental” value of the Λ(1405) radiative decay:
Γ(Λ(1405) --> Λγ) = 27 ± 8 keV, PDG; Burkhardt and Lowe, Phys. Rev. C44 (1991) 607.
Γ(Λ(1405) --> Σ0γ) = 10 ± 4 keV or 23 ± 7 keV.
■ There are also several theoretical studies on the radiative decay:
Geng, Oset and Döring, Eur. Phys. J. A32 (2007) 201.
--- Structure of Λ(1405) has been discussed in these models,
but the KN compositeness for Λ(1405) has not been discussed.
--> Discuss the KN compositeness from the Λ(1405) radiative decay !
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2. Formulation
++ Formulation of radiative decay ++
■ Radiative decay width can be evaluated from following diagrams:
Geng, Oset and Döring, Eur. Phys. J. A32 (2007) 201.
□ Each diagram diverges, but sum of the three diagrams converges
due to the gauge symmetry.
--- One can prove that the sum converges using the Ward identity.
□ The radiative decay width can be expressed as follows:
Y
0
pcm MY 0
=
|WY 0 |2
M (1405)
with
V˜mbb
gi
Model parameter.
WY 0
gi QMi V˜iY 0 AiY 0
e
i
--- Sum of loop integrals AiY0
and meson charge QMi.
~
--- V: Fixed by flavor SU(3) symmetry.
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2. Formulation
++ Formulation of radiative decay ++
■ Radiative decay width can be evaluated from following diagrams:
Geng, Oset and Döring, Eur. Phys. J. A32 (2007) 201.
□ Each diagram diverges, but sum of the three diagrams converges
due to the gauge symmetry.
--- One can prove that the sum converges using the Ward identity.
□ The radiative decay width can be expressed as follows:
Y
gi
0
pcm MY 0
=
|WY 0 |2
M (1405)
with
WY 0
gi QMi V˜iY 0 AiY 0
e
i
--- Coupling constant gi appears as a model parameter !
--> Radiative decay is relevant to the KN coupling !
□ For Λ(1405), K--p, π±Σ+, and K+Ξ-- are relevant channels.
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2. Formulation
++ Radiative decay in chiral unitary model ++
■ Taken from the coupling constant gi from chiral unitary model,
one can evaluate radiative decay width in chiral unitary model.
(1405), lower pole
1391 66i MeV
0.21 0.13i
0.37 + 0.53i
0.01 + 0.00i
0.00 0.01i
0.86 0.40i
Wpole
XKN
¯
X
X
XK
Z
(1405), higher pole
1426 17i MeV
0.99 + 0.05i
0.05 0.15i
0.05 + 0.01i
0.00 + 0.00i
0.00 + 0.09i
Geng, Oset and Döring, Eur. Phys. J. A32 (2007) 201.
■ Λγ decay mode: Dominated by the KN component.
□ Larger K--pΛ coupling strength:
□ Large πΣ cancellation:
V˜
+
V˜K
= V˜
p
+
=
D + 3F
2 3f
D
=
3f
0.46
f
0.63
f
V˜mbb
with
Q
+
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=
Q
=1
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2. Formulation
++ Radiative decay in chiral unitary model ++
■ Taken from the coupling constant gi from chiral unitary model,
one can evaluate radiative decay width in chiral unitary model.
Wpole
XKN
¯
X
X
XK
Z
(1405), lower pole
1391 66i MeV
0.21 0.13i
0.37 + 0.53i
0.01 + 0.00i
0.00 0.01i
0.86 0.40i
(1405), higher pole
1426 17i MeV
0.99 + 0.05i
0.05 0.15i
0.05 + 0.01i
0.00 + 0.00i
0.00 + 0.09i
Geng, Oset and Döring, Eur. Phys. J. A32 (2007) 201.
■ Σ0γ decay mode: Dominated by the πΣ component.
V˜K
□ Smaller K--pΣ0 coupling strength:
□ Constructive πΣ contribution:
V˜
+
p
0
0
=
=
D
V˜
0.17
f
F
2f
+
0
F
=
f
V˜mbb
0.47
f
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2. Formulation
++ Our strategy ++
■ We evaluate the Λ(1405) radiative decay width ΓΛγ and ΓΣ0γ
as a function of the absolute value of the KN compositeness | XKN |.
--- We can evaluate the Λ(1405) radiative decay width when
the Λ(1405)--meson-baryon coupling constant (model parameter)
and the Λ(1405) pole position are given.
Y0
WY 0
pcm MY 0
=
|WY 0 |2
M (1405)
gi QMi V˜iY 0 AiY 0
e
i
--- | XKN | should contain information of the Λ(1405) structure !
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2. Formulation
++ Our strategy ++
■ We evaluate the Λ(1405) radiative decay width ΓΛγ and ΓΣ0γ
as a function of the absolute value of the KN compositeness | XKN |.
--- We can evaluate the Λ(1405) radiative decay width when
the Λ(1405)--meson-baryon coupling constant (model parameter)
and the Λ(1405) pole position are given.
□ Λ(1405) pole position from PDG values:
Wpole = MΛ(1405) -- i ΓΛ(1405) / 2 with MΛ(1405) = 1405 MeV, ΓΛ(1405) = 50 MeV.
□ Assume isospin symmetry for the coupling constant gi:
gKN
= gK
¯
p
= gK¯ 0 n
g
and neglect KX component:
=g
gK +
+
=g
= gK 0
0
+
=g
0
0
=0
□ The coupling constant gKN as a function of XKN is determined from
the compositeness relation:
|XKN
¯ | = |gKN
¯ |
2
dGK p
dGK¯ 0 n
+
d s
d s
s=Wpole
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2. Formulation
++ Our strategy ++
■ We evaluate the Λ(1405) radiative decay width ΓΛγ and ΓΣ0γ
as a function of the absolute value of the KN compositeness | XKN |.
--- We can evaluate the Λ(1405) radiative decay width when
the Λ(1405)--meson-baryon coupling constant (model parameter)
and the Λ(1405) pole position are given.
□ Coupling constant gπΣ from Λ(1405) --> πΣ decay width:
(1405)
=3
pcm M
|g
2 M (1405)
|2 = 50 MeV
--> | gπΣ | = 0.91 .
□ Interference between KN and πΣ components
(= relative phase between gKN and gπΣ) are not known.
--> We show allowed region of the decay width from
maximally constructive / destructive interferences:
WY±0 = e |gKN
¯ |
V˜K
pY 0 AK pY 0
± |g
Y
0
=
|
V˜
+
Y 0A
+
Y0
V˜
+Y 0
A
+Y 0
pcm MY 0
|WY 0 |2
M (1405)
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3. Radiative decay vs. compositeness
++ Λ(1405) radiative decay width ++
■ We obtain allowed region of the Λ(1405) radiative decay width
as a function of the absolute value of the KN compositeness | XKN |.
--- Λ(1405) pole position dependence is small (discuss later).
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3. Radiative decay vs. compositeness
++ Λ(1405) radiative decay width ++
■ Λγ decay mode:
Dominated by the KN
component.
--- Due to the large
cancellation between
π+Σ-- and π -- Σ+,
allowed region for Λγ
is very small and
is almost proportional
to | XKN | ( ∝ | gKN |2 ).
--> Large Λγ width
= large | XKN |.
■ The Λ(1405) --> Λγ radiative decay mode is suited
to observe the KN component inside Λ(1405).
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3. Radiative decay vs. compositeness
++ Λ(1405) radiative decay width ++
■ Σ0γ decay mode:
Dominated by the
πΣ component.
□ ΓΣ0γ ~ 23 keV
even for | XKN | = 0.
□ Very large allowed
region for ΓΣ0γ .
□ ΓΣ0γ could be very
large or very small
for | XKN | ~ 1.
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3. Radiative decay vs. compositeness
++ Compared with the “experimental” result ++
■ There is an “experimental” value of the Λ(1405) radiative decay:
Γ(Λ(1405) --> Λγ) = 27 ± 8 keV, PDG; Burkhardt and Lowe, Phys. Rev. C44 (1991) 607.
Γ(Λ(1405) --> Σ0γ) = 10 ± 4 keV or 23 ± 7 keV.
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3. Radiative decay vs. compositeness
++ Compared with the “experimental” result ++
■ There is an “experimental” value of the Λ(1405) radiative decay:
Γ(Λ(1405) --> Λγ) = 27 ± 8 keV, PDG; Burkhardt and Lowe, Phys. Rev. C44 (1991) 607.
Γ(Λ(1405) --> Σ0γ) = 10 ± 4 keV or 23 ± 7 keV.
■ From Γ(Λ(1405) --> Λγ) = 27 ± 8 keV: | XKN | = 0.5 ± 0.2.
--- KN seems to be the largest component inside Λ(1405) !
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3. Radiative decay vs. compositeness
++ Compared with the “experimental” result ++
■ There is an “experimental” value of the Λ(1405) radiative decay:
Γ(Λ(1405) --> Λγ) = 27 ± 8 keV, PDG; Burkhardt and Lowe, Phys. Rev. C44 (1991) 607.
Γ(Λ(1405) --> Σ0γ) = 10 ± 4 keV or 23 ± 7 keV.
■ From Γ(Λ(1405) --> Σ0γ) = 10 ± 4 keV: | XKN | > 0.5.
--- Consistent with the Λγ decay mode: large KN component !
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3. Radiative decay vs. compositeness
++ Compared with the “experimental” result ++
■ There is an “experimental” value of the Λ(1405) radiative decay:
Γ(Λ(1405) --> Λγ) = 27 ± 8 keV, PDG; Burkhardt and Lowe, Phys. Rev. C44 (1991) 607.
Γ(Λ(1405) --> Σ0γ) = 10 ± 4 keV or 23 ± 7 keV.
■ From Γ(Λ(1405) --> Σ0γ) = 23 ± 7 keV: | XKN | can be arbitrary.
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3. Radiative decay vs. compositeness
++ Pole position dependence ++
■ The Λ(1405) pole position is not well-determined in Exp.
--- Two poles ? 1420 MeV instead of nominal 1405 MeV ?
Braun (1977); D. Jido, E. Oset and T. S. (2009).
|XKN
¯ | = |gKN
¯ |
2
dGK p
dGK¯ 0 n
+
d s
d s
s=Wpole
Hyodo and Jido, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 67 (2012) 55.
■ How the relation between ΓΛγ
ΓΣ0γ and | XKN | is changed
if the pole position is shifted ?
Pole position from PDG.
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3. Radiative decay vs. compositeness
++ Pole position dependence ++
■ The Λ(1405) pole position is not well-determined in Exp.
--- Two poles ? 1420 MeV instead of nominal 1405 MeV ?
Braun (1977); D. Jido, E. Oset and T. S. (2009).
Hyodo and Jido, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 67 (2012) 55.
2
|XKN
¯ | = |gKN
¯ |
dGK p
dGK¯ 0 n
+
d s
d s
s=Wpole
Higher Λ(1405) pole position.
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3. Radiative decay vs. compositeness
++ Pole position dependence ++
■ The Λ(1405) pole position is not well-determined in Exp.
--- Two poles ? 1420 MeV instead of nominal 1405 MeV ?
Braun (1977); D. Jido, E. Oset and T. S. (2009).
Hyodo and Jido, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 67 (2012) 55.
2
|XKN
¯ | = |gKN
¯ |
dGK p
dGK¯ 0 n
+
d s
d s
s=Wpole
Lower Λ(1405) pole position.
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3. Radiative decay vs. compositeness
++ Pole position dependence ++
PDG
Lower
Higher
■ Pole position dependence is
not strong for the Λγ decay mode.
--- Especially the result of | XKN | from
the empirical value of the Λγ decay
mode is almost same.
■ Different branching ratio Λγ / Σ0γ.
--> Could be evidence of two poles.
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4. Summary
++ Summary ++
■ We have investigated the Λ(1405) radiative decay from the viewpoint of compositeness = amount of two-body state inside system.
Xi =
gi2
dGi
( s = Wpole )
d s
■ We have established a relation between the absolute value of the
KN compositeness | XKN | and the Λ(1405) radiative decay width.
□ For the Λγ decay mode, KN component is dominant.
--> Large Λγ width directly indicates large compositeness | XKN |.
□ For the Σ0γ decay mode, πΣ component is dominant.
--> We could say | XKN | ~ 1 if ΓΣ0γ could be very large or very small.
■ By using the “experimental” value for the Λ(1405) decay width,
we have estimated the KN compositeness as | XKN | > 0.5.
--- For more concrete conclusion, precise experiments are needed !
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Thank you very much
for your kind attention !
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Appendix
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