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⣖㸦ྠᚿ♫Ꮫᩍᤵ㸧 ࠕࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ㏻ࡌࡓ♫㛤Ⓨࠖ ⸨⏣ ⣖㸦ྠᚿ♫Ꮫᩍᤵ㸧 ࠕࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ㏻ࡌࡓ♫㛤Ⓨࠖ ᒣཱྀ ᣅ㸦⟃ἼᏛຓᩍ㸧 ➨ ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥウㄽ ᒣཱྀ ᣅ㸦⟃ἼᏛຓᩍ㸧 ➨ ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥウㄽ ࢸࢩ࣮ࣂࢲࡿࡅ࠾ࢡࢵࣆࣥࣜࣛࣃ࣭ࢡࢵࣆࣥࣜ࢜ࠕࣥࣙࢩࢵࢭ ➨یඹ⏕ࡢ᥎㐍ྥࡅ࡚ࠖ ࣭࣭࣭ ࣭ ࢸࢩ࣮ࣂࢲࡿࡅ࠾ࢡࢵࣆࣥࣜࣛࣃ࣭ࢡࢵࣆࣥࣜ࢜ࠕࣥࣙࢩࢵࢭ ➨یඹ⏕ࡢ᥎㐍ྥࡅ࡚ࠖ ࣭࣭࣭ ࣭ ࠕ)URPWKH0DUJLQVWRWKH0HGDO6WDQG:RPHQDQGWKH2O\PSLF0RYHPHQWࠖ ࣟࣅ࣭ࣥࢣࢵࢺࣜࣥࢫ࣮࢟㸦ࢽ࣮࣮ࣗࣚࢡᕷ❧Ꮫᩍᤵ㸧 ࠕ7KH3DUDO\PSLF0RYHPHQW'LVDELOLW\DQG6SRUWVLQ3RVWZDU-DSDQࠖ ࠕ)URPWKH0DUJLQVWRWKH0HGDO6WDQG:RPHQDQGWKH2O\PSLF0RYHPHQWࠖ ࣟࣅ࣭ࣥࢣࢵࢺࣜࣥࢫ࣮࢟㸦ࢽ࣮࣮ࣗࣚࢡᕷ❧Ꮫᩍᤵ㸧 ࠕ7KH3DUDO\PSLF0RYHPHQW'LVDELOLW\DQG6SRUWVLQ3RVWZDU-DSDQࠖ ࢹࢽࢫ࣭ࣇࣟࢫࢺ㸦࣐࢝ࣛࢬ࣮Ꮫᩍᤵ㸧 ࢹࢽࢫ࣭ࣇࣟࢫࢺ㸦࣐࢝ࣛࢬ࣮Ꮫᩍᤵ㸧 ࠕ㛤ᘧ࠾ࡅࡿከᩥඹ⏕ࡢ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࠖ ࠕ㛤ᘧ࠾ࡅࡿከᩥඹ⏕ࡢ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࠖ 㣤➲ బ௦Ꮚ 㣤➲ బ௦Ꮚ 㸦㟷ᒣᏛ㝔Ꮫ♫㐃ᦠᶵᵓᅜ㝿ὶඹྠ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᐈဨ◊✲ဨࠊᮾᩥᏛᅬᏛᩍᤵ㸧 㸦㟷ᒣᏛ㝔Ꮫ♫㐃ᦠᶵᵓᅜ㝿ὶඹྠ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᐈဨ◊✲ဨࠊᮾᩥᏛᅬᏛᩍᤵ㸧 ➨ ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥウㄽ ➨ ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥウㄽ ྜ⥲ ࣥࣙࢩࢵࢭ ➨یウㄽࠕ ᖺᮾி࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢᥦゝࠖ ࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭ ྜ⥲ ࣥࣙࢩࢵࢭ ➨یウㄽࠕ ᖺᮾி࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢᥦゝࠖ ࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭ Ⓩቭ⪅ဨ Ⓩቭ⪅ဨ ྖ㸸ᑠ ኵ㸦᪥ᮏ㈈ᅋࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ◊✲௦⾲ࠊ㟷ᒣᏛ㝔Ꮫ≉ูᣍ⪸ᩍᤵ㸧 ྖ㸸ᑠ ኵ㸦᪥ᮏ㈈ᅋࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ◊✲௦⾲ࠊ㟷ᒣᏛ㝔Ꮫ≉ูᣍ⪸ᩍᤵ㸧 ی㛢ࡢᣵᣜ࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭ ی㛢ࡢᣵᣜ࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭ ᑠ ኵ یⓏቭ⪅ࣉࣟࣇ࣮࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭ࣝ ࣭ ᑠ ኵ یⓏቭ⪅ࣉࣟࣇ࣮࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭ࣝ ࣭ 国際シンポジウム 「スポーツを通じた多文化共生の未来に向けて」の 開催にあたって 国際シンポジウム 「スポーツを通じた多文化共生の未来に向けて」の 開催にあたって 土山 實男 土山 實男 青山学院大学社会連携機構国際交流共同研究センター所長 青山学院大学社会連携機構国際交流共同研究センター所長 ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࠊࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࢆ㛤ദࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࠋࢃࡓࡃࡋࠊ᪥ࡢ㐍⾜ᙺࢆົࡵࡲࡍࠊ㟷ᒣ Ꮫ㝔Ꮫᅜ㝿ὶඹྠ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᡤ㛗ࡢᅵᒣ⏦ࡋࡲࡍࠋ࠺ࡒࡼࢁࡋࡃ࠾㢪࠸࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࠊࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࢆ㛤ദࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࠋࢃࡓࡃࡋࠊ᪥ࡢ㐍⾜ᙺࢆົࡵࡲࡍࠊ㟷ᒣ Ꮫ㝔Ꮫᅜ㝿ὶඹྠ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᡤ㛗ࡢᅵᒣ⏦ࡋࡲࡍࠋ࠺ࡒࡼࢁࡋࡃ࠾㢪࠸࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ ᪥ࡢࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࡣࠕࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ㏻ࡌࡓከᩥඹ⏕ࡢᮍ᮶ྥࡅ࡚ࠖ࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊከᩥඹ ᪥ࡢࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࡣࠕࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ㏻ࡌࡓከᩥඹ⏕ࡢᮍ᮶ྥࡅ࡚ࠖ࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊከᩥඹ ⏕ࠊࢲࣂ࣮ࢩࢸ࠸࠺ࡇࢆㅻࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊࡇࡇ࡛࠸࠺ࢲࣂ࣮ࢩࢸࡢ୰ࡣᩥࡔࡅ ⏕ࠊࢲࣂ࣮ࢩࢸ࠸࠺ࡇࢆㅻࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊࡇࡇ࡛࠸࠺ࢲࣂ࣮ࢩࢸࡢ୰ࡣᩥࡔࡅ ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃከࡃࡢࡶࡢࡀධࡾࡲࡍࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ⪁࠸ࡶⱝࡁࡶࠊ⏨ᛶࡶዪᛶࡶࠊᖖ⪅ࡶ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡶ࠸ࢁࢇ ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃከࡃࡢࡶࡢࡀධࡾࡲࡍࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ⪁࠸ࡶⱝࡁࡶࠊ⏨ᛶࡶዪᛶࡶࠊᖖ⪅ࡶ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡶ࠸ࢁࢇ ࡞ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢ᪉ࠎࡀࠊࡶࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊ♫άຊࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡋࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⏕ࡁࡿ႐ࡧࢆᙉ ࡞ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢ᪉ࠎࡀࠊࡶࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊ♫άຊࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡋࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⏕ࡁࡿ႐ࡧࢆᙉ ࡵࡿࠋࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࢆྍ⬟ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ ᖺࡢ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢆࡢࡼ࠺㐍 ࡵࡿࠋࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࢆྍ⬟ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ ᖺࡢ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢆࡢࡼ࠺㐍 ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃ࠸࠺ࡇࡀࡇࡢࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࡢ㊃᪨࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃ࠸࠺ࡇࡀࡇࡢࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࡢ㊃᪨࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᗘࡢ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡘࡁࡲࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ᪂ᅜ❧➇ᢏሙ࢚ࣥࣈ࣒ࣞࡢၥ㢟࡞࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ㌑ࡁࡀ࠶ ᗘࡢ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡘࡁࡲࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ᪂ᅜ❧➇ᢏሙ࢚ࣥࣈ࣒ࣞࡢၥ㢟࡞࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ㌑ࡁࡀ࠶ ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡅࢀࡶࠊᖺࡣ࠸ࡼ࠸ࡼࣜ࢜ࡢ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸳ᖺᚋࡣᮾி࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡅࢀࡶࠊᖺࡣ࠸ࡼ࠸ࡼࣜ࢜ࡢ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸳ᖺᚋࡣᮾி࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ ࡀ㏕ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢὶࢀࡢࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚ໃ࠸ࢆࡘࡅࡿࠋ ࡀ㏕ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢὶࢀࡢࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚ໃ࠸ࢆࡘࡅࡿࠋ 㹌㹆㹉ࡢᮅࡢࢻ࣐ࣛࠕ࠶ࡉࡀ᮶ࡓࠖ࠸࠺ࢆ⚾ࡢᐙෆࡀࣇ࡛ࣥぢ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊ࠶ࡢࢸ࣮࣐ࢯ 㹌㹆㹉ࡢᮅࡢࢻ࣐ࣛࠕ࠶ࡉࡀ᮶ࡓࠖ࠸࠺ࢆ⚾ࡢᐙෆࡀࣇ࡛ࣥぢ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊ࠶ࡢࢸ࣮࣐ࢯ ࣥࢢࡣࠕே⏕ࡣ⣬㣕⾜ᶵ࡛ࠖࡍࠋ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡶࡑ࠺࠸࠺⣬㣕⾜ᶵࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ ࣥࢢࡣࠕே⏕ࡣ⣬㣕⾜ᶵ࡛ࠖࡍࠋ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡶࡑ࠺࠸࠺⣬㣕⾜ᶵࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ ࢁࡀ࠶ࡿࢇࡌࡷ࡞࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋᅜẸࡢࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣୡ⏺ࡢඹឤᨭᣢࢆᚓ࡚ᛂࡢ㢼ࡀࡩ࡞࠸ ࢁࡀ࠶ࡿࢇࡌࡷ࡞࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋᅜẸࡢࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣୡ⏺ࡢඹឤᨭᣢࢆᚓ࡚ᛂࡢ㢼ࡀࡩ࡞࠸ ⣬㣕⾜ᶵࡣ࡞࡞✵㧗ࡃ㣕ࡧࡲࡏࢇࠋ㸳ᖺᚋ࠺ࡲࡃ✵㧗ࡃ㣕ࡪࡼ࠺ࠊ᪥ࡇࡇ࡛࠸ࢁࢇ ⣬㣕⾜ᶵࡣ࡞࡞✵㧗ࡃ㣕ࡧࡲࡏࢇࠋ㸳ᖺᚋ࠺ࡲࡃ✵㧗ࡃ㣕ࡪࡼ࠺ࠊ᪥ࡇࡇ࡛࠸ࢁࢇ ࡞ࡈ㆟ㄽࢆ࠾㢪࠸ࡋࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡞ࡈ㆟ㄽࢆ࠾㢪࠸ࡋࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࡇࡣ㟷ᒣᏛ㝔࡛ࡍࠋ㟷ᒣᏛ㝔ゝ࠼ࡤඛ㐌ᅵ᭙᪥᭙ࡢ⟽᰿㥐ఏ࡛ࡍࠋ㥐ఏ࡛ඃ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡋ ࡇࡇࡣ㟷ᒣᏛ㝔࡛ࡍࠋ㟷ᒣᏛ㝔ゝ࠼ࡤඛ㐌ᅵ᭙᪥᭙ࡢ⟽᰿㥐ఏ࡛ࡍࠋ㥐ఏ࡛ඃ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡋ ࡓࠋࢃࡓࡃࡋࠊᐙෆ୍⥴ᡭ⏫ᛂ⾜ࡁࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ㟷ᒣᏛ㝔ࡀ㥐ఏฟࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚ ࡓࠋࢃࡓࡃࡋࠊᐙෆ୍⥴ᡭ⏫ᛂ⾜ࡁࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ㟷ᒣᏛ㝔ࡀ㥐ఏฟࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚ ࡽࠊࡕࡻࡗ㟷ᒣᏛ㝔ࢆࡦ࠸ࡁࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊ⳹ࡸ࡞ࡗࡓឤࡌࡀ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ ࡽࠊࡕࡻࡗ㟷ᒣᏛ㝔ࢆࡦ࠸ࡁࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊ⳹ࡸ࡞ࡗࡓឤࡌࡀ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ ᮾி࡛࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢆࡸࡿࠊࢇ࡞ឤࡌ࡞ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࣈࣛࢪࣝ࡞ ᮾி࡛࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢆࡸࡿࠊࢇ࡞ឤࡌ࡞ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࣈࣛࢪࣝ࡞ ࡢᅜ࡛ࡸࡿࡢࡣ㐪࠺࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࡞ࡿࡼ࠺᪥ᮏࡶࡸࡗࡥࡾ㡹ᙇࡽ࡞ࡅࢀࡤᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡢᅜ࡛ࡸࡿࡢࡣ㐪࠺࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࡞ࡿࡼ࠺᪥ᮏࡶࡸࡗࡥࡾ㡹ᙇࡽ࡞ࡅࢀࡤᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᪥ࡣ㸱ࡘࡢࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࡀࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢࢭࢵࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࠊᾏእࡽ᮶ࡽࢀࡓᑓ㛛ᐙࡢ᪉ࡶ ᪥ࡣ㸱ࡘࡢࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࡀࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢࢭࢵࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࠊᾏእࡽ᮶ࡽࢀࡓᑓ㛛ᐙࡢ᪉ࡶ ྵࡵ࡚ࠊάⓎ࡞ࡈ㆟ㄽࢆ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ྵࡵ࡚ࠊάⓎ࡞ࡈ㆟ㄽࢆ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣ㛤ඛ❧ࡕࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ㟷ᒣᏛ㝔Ꮫࡢ୕ᮌ⩏୍Ꮫ㛗୍ゝࡈᣵᣜࢆ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀ ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣ㛤ඛ❧ࡕࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ㟷ᒣᏛ㝔Ꮫࡢ୕ᮌ⩏୍Ꮫ㛗୍ゝࡈᣵᣜࢆ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀ ࡛ࡣ୕ᮌඛ⏕ࠊ࠾㢪࠸࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ ࡛ࡣ୕ᮌඛ⏕ࠊ࠾㢪࠸࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ 1 1 開会の挨拶 開会の挨拶 三木 義一 三木 義一 青山学院大学学長 青山学院大学学長 ᪥ࡣࡼ࠺ࡇࡑ㟷ᒣᏛ㝔Ꮫ࠾㉺ࡋ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋ࡚᭷㞴࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋᮏᏛ࡛ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᅜ ᪥ࡣࡼ࠺ࡇࡑ㟷ᒣᏛ㝔Ꮫ࠾㉺ࡋ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋ࡚᭷㞴࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋᮏᏛ࡛ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᅜ 㝿ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࢆ㛤ദࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡅࡿࡇᚰࡽឤㅰ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍࠋ㟷ᒣᏛ㝔Ꮫࡋ࡚ኚග 㝿ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࢆ㛤ദࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡅࡿࡇᚰࡽឤㅰ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍࠋ㟷ᒣᏛ㝔Ꮫࡋ࡚ኚග ᰤᏑࡌࡲࡍࠋ ᰤᏑࡌࡲࡍࠋ ☜ඛࡢᅵᒣඛ⏕ࡢ㥐ఏࡢヰࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ㟷ᒣᏛ㝔ࡀ㥐ఏฟࡿ⳹ࡸ࡞ࡿ࠸࠺ࡩ࠺ ☜ඛࡢᅵᒣඛ⏕ࡢ㥐ఏࡢヰࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ㟷ᒣᏛ㝔ࡀ㥐ఏฟࡿ⳹ࡸ࡞ࡿ࠸࠺ࡩ࠺ ⚾ࡶᛮࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ᪥ࡢࢸ࣮࣐㛵ಀࡍࡿᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ㥐ఏ࡞ࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚࠸ࢁ ⚾ࡶᛮࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ᪥ࡢࢸ࣮࣐㛵ಀࡍࡿᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ㥐ఏ࡞ࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚࠸ࢁ ࢇ࡞ࡓࡕࡢඹ⏕ࢆ᥎㐍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ ࢇ࡞ࡓࡕࡢඹ⏕ࢆ᥎㐍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ 㟷ᒣᏛ㝔ࡢ㑅ᡭࡓࡕࡀ༊㛫㈹࡞ࢆྲྀࡗࡓᚋࡢࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࢆᛮ࠸ฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ 㟷ᒣᏛ㝔ࡢ㑅ᡭࡓࡕࡀ༊㛫㈹࡞ࢆྲྀࡗࡓᚋࡢࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࢆᛮ࠸ฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ ᙼࡽࡣ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢࡇࡔࡅࢆヰࡋࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋᙼࡽࡣࠊ㥐ఏ࡛㉮ࡗࡓ⪅ࡶฟࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓ⪅ࡶࠊ ᙼࡽࡣ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢࡇࡔࡅࢆヰࡋࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋᙼࡽࡣࠊ㥐ఏ࡛㉮ࡗࡓ⪅ࡶฟࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓ⪅ࡶࠊ ࡲࡓᛂࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡓ࿘ࡾࡢேࡢࡇࢆ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁఏ࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ࠶ࢀࡀ㟷ᒣᏛ㝔ࡢࡼࡉࠊࡉࢃࡸ ࡲࡓᛂࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡓ࿘ࡾࡢேࡢࡇࢆ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁఏ࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ࠶ࢀࡀ㟷ᒣᏛ㝔ࡢࡼࡉࠊࡉࢃࡸ ࡉࡔ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁヰ㢟࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡉࡔ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁヰ㢟࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ᙼࡽࠊᏛ⏕ࡢࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࡣ㟷ᒣᏛ㝔ࡽࡋࡉࢆ♧ࡍࡇࡀ࡛ࡁኚࡼࡗࡓᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㥐ఏ ᙼࡽࠊᏛ⏕ࡢࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࡣ㟷ᒣᏛ㝔ࡽࡋࡉࢆ♧ࡍࡇࡀ࡛ࡁኚࡼࡗࡓᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㥐ఏ ࠸࠺ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊࡢேࠎࡢࡇࡸ♫࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ㓄៖ࡍࡿࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺㟷ᒣᏛ㝔ࡢጼໃࢆ ࠸࠺ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊࡢேࠎࡢࡇࡸ♫࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ㓄៖ࡍࡿࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺㟷ᒣᏛ㝔ࡢጼໃࢆ ♧ࡏࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑ࠺࠸࠺ព࡛ࡣࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ㏻ࡌࡓከᩥඹ⏕࠸࠺ ♧ࡏࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑ࠺࠸࠺ព࡛ࡣࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ㏻ࡌࡓከᩥඹ⏕࠸࠺ ᪥ࡢࢸ࣮࣐ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࢆᮏᏛ࡛ࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡃࡔࡅࡢࠊ㈨᱁ࡀᑡࡋࡣ࠶ࡿࡢ࡞ᛮ ᪥ࡢࢸ࣮࣐ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࢆᮏᏛ࡛ࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡃࡔࡅࡢࠊ㈨᱁ࡀᑡࡋࡣ࠶ࡿࡢ࡞ᛮ ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ᪥ࡢࡇࡢࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࢆⓙࡉࢇ⇕ᚰࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋ࡚ࠊᚋࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚࠾ ᪥ࡢࡇࡢࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࢆⓙࡉࢇ⇕ᚰࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋ࡚ࠊᚋࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚࠾ ࠸ࡀᖾࡏ࡞ࡿ♫ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࡀ⤊ࢃࡗࡓᚋࠊࡼࢁࡋࡅࢀࡤ㟷 ࠸ࡀᖾࡏ࡞ࡿ♫ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࡀ⤊ࢃࡗࡓᚋࠊࡼࢁࡋࡅࢀࡤ㟷 ᒣᏛ㝔ࡢ࢟ࣕࣥࣃࢫࡢࢳࣙ࢘୪ᮌࢆࡈぴ࡞ࡗ࡚ࠊࡣࡶ࠺࡛ࡍࡽࢳࣙ࢘ࡢⴥࡗࡥⴠࡕ࡚ ᒣᏛ㝔ࡢ࢟ࣕࣥࣃࢫࡢࢳࣙ࢘୪ᮌࢆࡈぴ࡞ࡗ࡚ࠊࡣࡶ࠺࡛ࡍࡽࢳࣙ࢘ࡢⴥࡗࡥⴠࡕ࡚ ࡲࡍࡅࢀࡶࠊࡇࡢ୪ᮌ㐨࠶ࡓࡾࢆᑡࡋṌ࠸࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࠊ㟷ᒣᏛ㝔ࡢ᫂ࡿࡃ࡚⮬⏤࡞㞺ᅖẼ ࡲࡍࡅࢀࡶࠊࡇࡢ୪ᮌ㐨࠶ࡓࡾࢆᑡࡋṌ࠸࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࠊ㟷ᒣᏛ㝔ࡢ᫂ࡿࡃ࡚⮬⏤࡞㞺ᅖẼ ࢆឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡅࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࢆឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡅࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ⚾ࡣ᭱㏆ࡲ࡛▱ࡾࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࡀࠊࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡼࡾࡲࡍ㟷ᒣᏛ㝔ࡣ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ⣔ࡢᏛ ⚾ࡣ᭱㏆ࡲ࡛▱ࡾࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࡀࠊࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡼࡾࡲࡍ㟷ᒣᏛ㝔ࡣ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ⣔ࡢᏛ ࡢ࢟ࣕࣥࣃࢫࡢ୰࡛ࡣୡ⏺࡛㸰␒┠⨾ࡋ࠸ࠊ㸯␒ࡣࡇࡔᏑࡌࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊ࢟ࣕࣥࣃࢫࡔࡑ࠺࡛ ࡢ࢟ࣕࣥࣃࢫࡢ୰࡛ࡣୡ⏺࡛㸰␒┠⨾ࡋ࠸ࠊ㸯␒ࡣࡇࡔᏑࡌࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊ࢟ࣕࣥࣃࢫࡔࡑ࠺࡛ ࡍࠋࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡢ⤂ࡶ࠶ࡿࡄࡽ࠸࡛ࡍࡢ࡛ࠊࡑࢀ࡞ࡾ㊃ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡐࡦ᪥ࡣ ࡍࠋࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡢ⤂ࡶ࠶ࡿࡄࡽ࠸࡛ࡍࡢ࡛ࠊࡑࢀ࡞ࡾ㊃ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡐࡦ᪥ࡣ 㸯᪥άⓎ࡞ࡈ㆟ㄽࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࠊࡲࡓࠊࡇࡢᏛࡢ㞺ᅖẼࡶࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡅࢀࡤኚ࠺ࢀࡋࡃ 㸯᪥άⓎ࡞ࡈ㆟ㄽࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࠊࡲࡓࠊࡇࡢᏛࡢ㞺ᅖẼࡶࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡅࢀࡤኚ࠺ࢀࡋࡃ ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࠺ࡒࡼࢁࡋࡃ࠾㢪࠸࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ ࠺ࡒࡼࢁࡋࡃ࠾㢪࠸࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ 2 2 第１セッション 第１セッション 「文化としてのスポーツの役割・力 （スポーツを通じた共生の推進） 」 「文化としてのスポーツの役割・力 （スポーツを通じた共生の推進） 」 コーディネーター：小倉 和夫 コーディネーター：小倉 和夫 日本財団パラリンピック研究会代表 日本財団パラリンピック研究会代表 青山学院大学特別招聘教授 青山学院大学特別招聘教授 㸦ᑠ㸧 ➨㸯ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࢆጞࡵࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࡀࠊ➨㸯ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࡢࢸ࣮࣐ࡣࠕᩥࡋ࡚ 㸦ᑠ㸧 ➨㸯ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࢆጞࡵࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࡀࠊ➨㸯ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࡢࢸ࣮࣐ࡣࠕᩥࡋ࡚ ࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢᙺ࣭ຊࠖ࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏ㈈ᅋࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ◊✲ࡢ௦ ࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢᙺ࣭ຊࠖ࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏ㈈ᅋࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ◊✲ࡢ௦ ⾲ࡢᑠ⏦ࡋࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࡢࢥ࣮ࢹࢿ࣮ࢱ࣮ࢆົࡵࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࠋ ⾲ࡢᑠ⏦ࡋࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࡢࢥ࣮ࢹࢿ࣮ࢱ࣮ࢆົࡵࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࡢࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࡢ┠ⓗࡣࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢຊࡗ࡚࠸࠺ࡢࡣ୍యఱ࡞ࡢࠋࡑࢀࡽࠊᩥࡢຊࡢẚ ࡇࡢࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࡢ┠ⓗࡣࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢຊࡗ࡚࠸࠺ࡢࡣ୍యఱ࡞ࡢࠋࡑࢀࡽࠊᩥࡢຊࡢẚ ㍑ࢆࡍࡿୖ࡛ࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢຊ࠸࠺ࡢࡀ♫ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ពࢆᣢࡘࡢࠋࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓࡇࢆ⪃࠼ ㍑ࢆࡍࡿୖ࡛ࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢຊ࠸࠺ࡢࡀ♫ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ពࢆᣢࡘࡢࠋࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓࡇࢆ⪃࠼ ࡿࡓࡵࠊⰍࢇ࡞ゅᗘࡽ࠾ヰࢆ⪺ࡁࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡿࡓࡵࠊⰍࢇ࡞ゅᗘࡽ࠾ヰࢆ⪺ࡁࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡲࡎ᭱ึࠊⓙࡉࢇࡶࡈᢎ▱ࡢᅜ❧᪂⨾⾡㤋ࡢ㤋㛗࡛࠶ࡽࢀࠊᩥே㢮Ꮫࡢᑓ㛛Ꮫ⪅ࡋ࡚㠀ᖖ ࡲࡎ᭱ึࠊⓙࡉࢇࡶࡈᢎ▱ࡢᅜ❧᪂⨾⾡㤋ࡢ㤋㛗࡛࠶ࡽࢀࠊᩥே㢮Ꮫࡢᑓ㛛Ꮫ⪅ࡋ࡚㠀ᖖ ⴭྡ࡛ࠊࡲࡓᩥᗇ㛗ᐁࡶົࡵࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓࠊ㟷ᮌಖඛ⏕ࠕ ࠗᩥຊ࠘ࡋ࡚ࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࠖ࠸࠺ ⴭྡ࡛ࠊࡲࡓᩥᗇ㛗ᐁࡶົࡵࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓࠊ㟷ᮌಖඛ⏕ࠕ ࠗᩥຊ࠘ࡋ࡚ࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࠖ࠸࠺ ࠾ヰࢆ࠾⪺ࡁࡋࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㟷ᮌඛ⏕ࡣ༢Ꮫ⪅ࡋ࡚ࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊⰍࠎ࡞ࢻ࣑ࢽࢫࢺ࣮ࣞ ࠾ヰࢆ࠾⪺ࡁࡋࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㟷ᮌඛ⏕ࡣ༢Ꮫ⪅ࡋ࡚ࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊⰍࠎ࡞ࢻ࣑ࢽࢫࢺ࣮ࣞ ࢱ࣮ࡋ࡚ࠊࡲࡓࢪࣕࢬࡀ࠾ዲࡁ࡞ᩥேࡋ࡚ά㌍ࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ ࢱ࣮ࡋ࡚ࠊࡲࡓࢪࣕࢬࡀ࠾ዲࡁ࡞ᩥேࡋ࡚ά㌍ࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ 㸰␒┠ࡈሗ࿌࠸ࡓࡔࡃࠊ࣋ࣝࣜࣥ⮬⏤Ꮫᩍᤵ࡛ࢻࢶ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ㐃┕㛗ࢆົࡵ࡚࠾ࡽ 㸰␒┠ࡈሗ࿌࠸ࡓࡔࡃࠊ࣋ࣝࣜࣥ⮬⏤Ꮫᩍᤵ࡛ࢻࢶ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ㐃┕㛗ࢆົࡵ࡚࠾ࡽ ࢀࡲࡍࢢࢻ࣭ࣝࣥࢻࣝࢸࢵࣃ࣮ඛ⏕ࡣࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࡘ࠸࡚㛗࠸㛫⪃ ࢀࡲࡍࢢࢻ࣭ࣝࣥࢻࣝࢸࢵࣃ࣮ඛ⏕ࡣࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࡘ࠸࡚㛗࠸㛫⪃ ࠼ࡽࢀࡲࡓ◊✲ࡋ࡚ࡇࡽࢀࡓ᪉࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋᅜ㝿ⓗࠊ㠀ᖖⴭྡ࡞ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ⛉Ꮫ࠾ࡼࡧࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ ࠼ࡽࢀࡲࡓ◊✲ࡋ࡚ࡇࡽࢀࡓ᪉࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋᅜ㝿ⓗࠊ㠀ᖖⴭྡ࡞ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ⛉Ꮫ࠾ࡼࡧࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ ᩍ⫱Ꮫࡢᑓ㛛ᐙ࡛࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡍࡀࠊྠලయⓗࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ㐠ືࡶ㛵ࢃࡽࢀ ᩍ⫱Ꮫࡢᑓ㛛ᐙ࡛࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡍࡀࠊྠලయⓗࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ㐠ືࡶ㛵ࢃࡽࢀ ࡚ࠊᐇົⓗ࡞ࡈ⤒㦂ࡶ࠾࠶ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋࣁࣥࢻ࣮࣎ࣝࡀ࠾ዲࡁ࡞ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࣮࣐࡛࢘ࣥࡶ࠶ࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋࢻ ࡚ࠊᐇົⓗ࡞ࡈ⤒㦂ࡶ࠾࠶ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋࣁࣥࢻ࣮࣎ࣝࡀ࠾ዲࡁ࡞ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࣮࣐࡛࢘ࣥࡶ࠶ࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋࢻ ࣝࢸࢵࣃ࣮ඛ⏕ࡣࠊࢻࢶࡢ≧ἣࡶ㋃ࡲ࠼ࠊࡲࡓࠊࡶࡗᗈࡃࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ ࣝࢸࢵࣃ࣮ඛ⏕ࡣࠊࢻࢶࡢ≧ἣࡶ㋃ࡲ࠼ࠊࡲࡓࠊࡶࡗᗈࡃࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ ࠶ࡾ᪉࠸࠺ࡇࡶ㋃ࡲ࠼࡞ࡀࡽࠊ࠾ヰࢆ࠾ఛ࠸ࡋࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࠶ࡾ᪉࠸࠺ࡇࡶ㋃ࡲ࠼࡞ࡀࡽࠊ࠾ヰࢆ࠾ఛ࠸ࡋࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 㸱␒┠ࡢྠᚿ♫Ꮫࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᗣᏛ㒊ᩍᤵࡢ⸨⏣ඛ⏕ࡣࠊ ࠕᩥࡋ࡚ࡢ㞀ᐖ⪅ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࠖࡘ 㸱␒┠ࡢྠᚿ♫Ꮫࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᗣᏛ㒊ᩍᤵࡢ⸨⏣ඛ⏕ࡣࠊ ࠕᩥࡋ࡚ࡢ㞀ᐖ⪅ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࠖࡘ ࠸࡚࠾ヰࢆ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⸨⏣ඛ⏕ࡣ㞀ᐖ⪅ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡶ㸯㸪㸰ࢆத࠺ ࠸࡚࠾ヰࢆ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⸨⏣ඛ⏕ࡣ㞀ᐖ⪅ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡶ㸯㸪㸰ࢆத࠺ ⚾ࡣᑓ㛛ᐙ࡛࠶ࡿᛮࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊྠⰍࠎ࡞㞀ᐖ⪅ᨻ⟇ࡢㅎၥጤဨࡶཧຍࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࢀ ⚾ࡣᑓ㛛ᐙ࡛࠶ࡿᛮࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊྠⰍࠎ࡞㞀ᐖ⪅ᨻ⟇ࡢㅎၥጤဨࡶཧຍࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࢀ ࡚ࠊࡘ㝣ୖࡢ㑅ᡭ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡽࢀ࡚ࠊྠ࣎ࢵࢳࣕ࠸࠺㞀ᐖ⪅≉᭷ࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ⯆ࡍࡿ༠ࡢ ࡚ࠊࡘ㝣ୖࡢ㑅ᡭ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡽࢀ࡚ࠊྠ࣎ࢵࢳࣕ࠸࠺㞀ᐖ⪅≉᭷ࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ⯆ࡍࡿ༠ࡢ 㛗ࡶࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ 㛗ࡶࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ 㸲␒┠ሗ࿌ࡉࢀࡿࠊ⟃ἼᏛࡢຓᩍࡢᒣཱྀᣅඛ⏕ࡣᅜ㝿㛤ⓎᏛࡢࡈᑓ㛛࡛ࡍࡀࠊ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࣭ 㸲␒┠ሗ࿌ࡉࢀࡿࠊ⟃ἼᏛࡢຓᩍࡢᒣཱྀᣅඛ⏕ࡣᅜ㝿㛤ⓎᏛࡢࡈᑓ㛛࡛ࡍࡀࠊ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࣭ ᮾ༡ࢪ࡛ᗈࡃࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ୰ᚰࡋࡓ㛤Ⓨࡢၥ㢟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋࡈ⮬㌟ࡶࠊ⚾ࡢ࠾⪺ ᮾ༡ࢪ࡛ᗈࡃࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ୰ᚰࡋࡓ㛤Ⓨࡢၥ㢟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋࡈ⮬㌟ࡶࠊ⚾ࡢ࠾⪺ ࡁࡋࡓࡇࢁ࡛ࡣࠊ㝣ୖ➇ᢏ࣭㞀ᐖࡢ㑅ᡭ㏆࠸⬟ຊࢆ࠾ᣢࡕࡔ࠸࠺㢼⪺࠸࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡁࡋࡓࡇࢁ࡛ࡣࠊ㝣ୖ➇ᢏ࣭㞀ᐖࡢ㑅ᡭ㏆࠸⬟ຊࢆ࠾ᣢࡕࡔ࠸࠺㢼⪺࠸࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡲࡎ㟷ᮌඛ⏕ࡢヰࢆ࠾⪺ࡁࡋࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࠺ࡒࠋ ࡲࡎ㟷ᮌඛ⏕ࡢヰࢆ࠾⪺ࡁࡋࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࠺ࡒࠋ 3 3 「『文化力』としてのスポーツ」 「『文化力』としてのスポーツ」 青木 保 青木 保 国立新美術館館長 国立新美術館館長 元文化庁長官 元文化庁長官 元青山学院大学大学院特任教授 元青山学院大学大学院特任教授 ᮏ᪥ࡣࡍࡤࡽࡋ࠸ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘࠾ᣍࡁ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋ࡚ࡲࡇ࠶ࡾࡀ࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡈ⤂ ᮏ᪥ࡣࡍࡤࡽࡋ࠸ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘࠾ᣍࡁ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋ࡚ࡲࡇ࠶ࡾࡀ࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡈ⤂ ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡼ࠺㟷ᒣᏛ㝔Ꮫࡶ≉௵ᩍᤵࡋ࡚ዊ⫋ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋ࡚ࠊᅵᒣඛ⏕ࡶኚ ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡼ࠺㟷ᒣᏛ㝔Ꮫࡶ≉௵ᩍᤵࡋ࡚ዊ⫋ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋ࡚ࠊᅵᒣඛ⏕ࡶኚ ࠾ୡヰ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡓࡔ࠸ࡲᑠඛ⏕ࡢࡈ⤂ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡼ࠺ࠊ⚾ࡣࢪࣕࢬࡀዲࡁ࡛ࠊ ࠾ୡヰ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡓࡔ࠸ࡲᑠඛ⏕ࡢࡈ⤂ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡼ࠺ࠊ⚾ࡣࢪࣕࢬࡀዲࡁ࡛ࠊ Ꮫ㛗ࢆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓᅵᒣඛ⏕୍⥴࡞ࡗ࡚ࠊࠕ㟷ᒣࢪࣕࢬ࣭ࢽࢩࢸࣈࠖ࠸࠺ࢪࣕࢬࢥࣥࢧ Ꮫ㛗ࢆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓᅵᒣඛ⏕୍⥴࡞ࡗ࡚ࠊࠕ㟷ᒣࢪࣕࢬ࣭ࢽࢩࢸࣈࠖ࠸࠺ࢪࣕࢬࢥࣥࢧ ࣮ࢺࢆ㟷ᒣᏛ㝔࡛ᩘᖺ๓ጞࡵࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ㡰ㄪࡶ࠺㸴ᅇ┠ࢆ㏄࠼ࡲࡋࡓࠋ㟷ᒣᏛ㝔ゝ࠸ࡲࡍࠊ ࣮ࢺࢆ㟷ᒣᏛ㝔࡛ᩘᖺ๓ጞࡵࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ㡰ㄪࡶ࠺㸴ᅇ┠ࢆ㏄࠼ࡲࡋࡓࠋ㟷ᒣᏛ㝔ゝ࠸ࡲࡍࠊ ࣌ࢠ࣮ⴥᒣࡉࢇᖹᒸ⢭ࡉࢇࠊᡓᚋࡢ᪥ᮏࡢࢪࣕࢬࢩ࣮ࣥࢆᙬࡗࡓ⣲ᬕࡽࡋ࠸ࢫࢱ࣮ࡓࡕ ࣌ࢠ࣮ⴥᒣࡉࢇᖹᒸ⢭ࡉࢇࠊᡓᚋࡢ᪥ᮏࡢࢪࣕࢬࢩ࣮ࣥࢆᙬࡗࡓ⣲ᬕࡽࡋ࠸ࢫࢱ࣮ࡓࡕ ࢆ㍮ฟࡋࡓᏛ࠸࠺༳㇟ࡀࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊᏛ᮶࡚ࡳࡓࡽࢪࣕࢬࡢࢪࣕࡢᏐࡶࢇ࡞࠸ࡶ ࢆ㍮ฟࡋࡓᏛ࠸࠺༳㇟ࡀࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊᏛ᮶࡚ࡳࡓࡽࢪࣕࢬࡢࢪࣕࡢᏐࡶࢇ࡞࠸ࡶ ࢇ࡛ࡍࡽࠊᅵᒣඛ⏕┤ッࡋ࡚ࠊ㟷ᒣࢪࣕࢬ࣭ࢽࢩࢸࣈࢆࡘࡃࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡀࠋ ࢇ࡛ࡍࡽࠊᅵᒣඛ⏕┤ッࡋ࡚ࠊ㟷ᒣࢪࣕࢬ࣭ࢽࢩࢸࣈࢆࡘࡃࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡀࠋ ࠾ࡆࡉࡲ࡛ኚ㡰ㄪከࡃࡢேࠎ᮶࡚࠸ࡓࡔ࠸࡚ឡࡉࢀࡿࢪࣕࢬࣇ࢙ࢫࢸࣂࣝ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ ࠾ࡆࡉࡲ࡛ኚ㡰ㄪከࡃࡢேࠎ᮶࡚࠸ࡓࡔ࠸࡚ឡࡉࢀࡿࢪࣕࢬࣇ࢙ࢫࢸࣂࣝ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡉ࡚ࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡀ ᖺ᪥ᮏ᮶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡅࢀࡶࠊࡑࢀ㛵㐃ࡍࡿ ࡉ࡚ࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡀ ᖺ᪥ᮏ᮶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡅࢀࡶࠊࡑࢀ㛵㐃ࡍࡿ ࠸ࢁࢇ࡞ヰ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ≉ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᑠඛ⏕ࡀኚ࡞ࡈᑓ㛛ᐙ࡛࠸ࡽࡗࡋࡷ࠸ ࠸ࢁࢇ࡞ヰ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ≉ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᑠඛ⏕ࡀኚ࡞ࡈᑓ㛛ᐙ࡛࠸ࡽࡗࡋࡷ࠸ ࡲࡍࡅࠊࡁ࡞┠⋢࡞ࡿࢇ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡶᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡲࡍࡅࠊࡁ࡞┠⋢࡞ࡿࢇ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡶᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡓࡔࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡゝ࠺ࡣࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ⚍࠸࠺ࡢࡀ୍⯡ⓗ࡞ぢ᪉࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࠊࡶࡶ ࡓࡔࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡゝ࠺ࡣࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ⚍࠸࠺ࡢࡀ୍⯡ⓗ࡞ぢ᪉࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࠊࡶࡶ ࡣࠊྂ௦ࢠࣜࢩ࡛ࣕࡣ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ⚍ࡾࡣ㸯ࡘࡢ᐀ᩍⓗ࡞⚍♭࡛࠶ࡿྠࠊᩥⓗ࡞⾜ ࡣࠊྂ௦ࢠࣜࢩ࡛ࣕࡣ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ⚍ࡾࡣ㸯ࡘࡢ᐀ᩍⓗ࡞⚍♭࡛࠶ࡿྠࠊᩥⓗ࡞⾜ ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ࢜ࣜࣥࣆ⚍࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡇ࡛ࡣࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊ㐠ື ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ࢜ࣜࣥࣆ⚍࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡇ࡛ࡣࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊ㐠ື ࡶリࡢᮁㄞࠊ㡢ᴦࢆࡳ࡞୍⥴ࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࡽࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡣࡶࡶ ࡶリࡢᮁㄞࠊ㡢ᴦࢆࡳ࡞୍⥴ࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࡽࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡣࡶࡶ 㠀ᖖᩥⓗ࡞ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ᐀ᩍⓗ࡞Ⰽᙬࡀᙉ࠸⾜࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇࡣᐇ࡛ࡍࠋ 㠀ᖖᩥⓗ࡞ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ᐀ᩍⓗ࡞Ⰽᙬࡀᙉ࠸⾜࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇࡣᐇ࡛ࡍࠋ ㏆௦ࡢ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢጞ⪅࡛࠶ࡿࢡ࣮࣋ࣝࢱࣥ⏨∖ࡶࡣࡗࡁࡾࡑࡢᐉゝ࠾࠸࡚ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ ㏆௦ࡢ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢጞ⪅࡛࠶ࡿࢡ࣮࣋ࣝࢱࣥ⏨∖ࡶࡣࡗࡁࡾࡑࡢᐉゝ࠾࠸࡚ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ ⚍࡛࠶ࡿྠࠊᩥࡢ⚍࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࢆ᫂ゝࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ࡛ࡍࡅࢀࡶࠊ ⚍࡛࠶ࡿྠࠊᩥࡢ⚍࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࢆ᫂ゝࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ࡛ࡍࡅࢀࡶࠊ ࠺ࡶࡢ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢆぢ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠊᡓ๓ࡢࢼࢳࢫ௦ࡢ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡽࠊᡓᚋࠊ෭ᡓ௦ ࠺ࡶࡢ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢆぢ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠊᡓ๓ࡢࢼࢳࢫ௦ࡢ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡽࠊᡓᚋࠊ෭ᡓ௦ ࢆྵࡵ࡚ࠊḟ➨ᅜᐙⓗ࡞➇தࡀྲྀࡾධࢀࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡑࢀࡽࡲࡓࠊࠊ୍␒ࠊࡣࡼࡃ࡞࠸ ࢆྵࡵ࡚ࠊḟ➨ᅜᐙⓗ࡞➇தࡀྲྀࡾධࢀࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡑࢀࡽࡲࡓࠊࠊ୍␒ࠊࡣࡼࡃ࡞࠸ ᛮ࠺ࡢࡣグ㘓ࡽࢃࢀࡍࡂࡿࡇ࡛ࡍࡡࠋࡃグ㘓୰ᚰ⩏࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊࡇࢀࡣࡕࡻ ᛮ࠺ࡢࡣグ㘓ࡽࢃࢀࡍࡂࡿࡇ࡛ࡍࡡࠋࡃグ㘓୰ᚰ⩏࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊࡇࢀࡣࡕࡻ ࡗ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ㊃᪨ࡍࡿᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡋࠊࡲࡓࠊከᩥඹ⏕࠸ࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡞⪃࠼᪉ࡶධࡾ ࡗ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ㊃᪨ࡍࡿᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡋࠊࡲࡓࠊከᩥඹ⏕࠸ࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡞⪃࠼᪉ࡶධࡾ ࡃࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࡛ࡍࡽࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࢆᨵࡵ࡚⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡿ ࡃࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࡛ࡍࡽࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࢆᨵࡵ࡚⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡿ ሙྜࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡶྵࡵࡲࡋ࡚ࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᩥศࡅ࡞࠸࡛ࠊࡶࡶࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡶᩥ࡛࠶ ሙྜࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡶྵࡵࡲࡋ࡚ࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᩥศࡅ࡞࠸࡛ࠊࡶࡶࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡶᩥ࡛࠶ ࡿࡇࡣᐇ࡛ࡍࡽࠊᩥࡢࡁ࡞ព࡛ࡇࢀࢆே㢮ࡢ⚍࠸࠺ࡩ࠺ࡽ࠼ࡿࡇࡀࡔ ࡿࡇࡣᐇ࡛ࡍࡽࠊᩥࡢࡁ࡞ព࡛ࡇࢀࢆே㢮ࡢ⚍࠸࠺ࡩ࠺ࡽ࠼ࡿࡇࡀࡔ ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 4 4 ࡑࢀࡽࠊ᭱㏆࡛ࡣࣟࣥࢻ࣭ࣥ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡀኚᩥࢆ㔜どࡋࡓ࠸࠺ࡢ࡛ࠊ ࡑࢀࡽࠊ᭱㏆࡛ࡣࣟࣥࢻ࣭ࣥ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡀኚᩥࢆ㔜どࡋࡓ࠸࠺ࡢ࡛ࠊ ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ホ౯ࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࠊࡇࡢࡇࢁࠊᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ᩥᗇࡢ┬ᗇࡶྵࡵ࡚ࠊᨻᗓࡶ ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ホ౯ࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࠊࡇࡢࡇࢁࠊᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ᩥᗇࡢ┬ᗇࡶྵࡵ࡚ࠊᨻᗓࡶ ࡞ࡾࣟࣥࢻ࣭ࣥ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ◊✲ࢆࡸࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀ࡛ࠊࣟࣥࢻ࣭ࣥ࢜ ࡞ࡾࣟࣥࢻ࣭ࣥ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ◊✲ࢆࡸࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀ࡛ࠊࣟࣥࢻ࣭ࣥ࢜ ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢሙྜࡣࠊᆅ᪉ࡢ⏕ᆅ᪉ࡢ⏕⤖ࡧࡘࡅ࡚ࠊࣟࣥࢻࣥ ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢሙྜࡣࠊᆅ᪉ࡢ⏕ᆅ᪉ࡢ⏕⤖ࡧࡘࡅ࡚ࠊࣟࣥࢻࣥ ࡛ࡸࡿ➇ᢏࡔࡅࡌࡷ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊᅜⓗ࡞つᶍ࡛ᩥⓗ࡞⾜ᗈࡵࡓࡇࡀࡑࡢᚋࡘ࡞ࡀࡗࡓᛮ ࡛ࡸࡿ➇ᢏࡔࡅࡌࡷ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊᅜⓗ࡞つᶍ࡛ᩥⓗ࡞⾜ᗈࡵࡓࡇࡀࡑࡢᚋࡘ࡞ࡀࡗࡓᛮ ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ㛤ദࡢࡁࡣ࠸ࡗࡥ࠸ୡ⏺ࡽேࡀ᮶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࡅࢀࡶࠊࡑࡢ ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ㛤ദࡢࡁࡣ࠸ࡗࡥ࠸ୡ⏺ࡽேࡀ᮶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࡅࢀࡶࠊࡑࡢ ᚋࠊḟࡢᖺ࡞ࡿࡑࡢ㒔ᕷࢆゼࢀࡿேࡀ༙ῶࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡢࡀయᬑ㏻ࡽࡋ࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋࡅࢀࡶࠊ ᚋࠊḟࡢᖺ࡞ࡿࡑࡢ㒔ᕷࢆゼࢀࡿேࡀ༙ῶࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡢࡀయᬑ㏻ࡽࡋ࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋࡅࢀࡶࠊ ࣟࣥࢻࣥࡢሙྜࡣ㏫ቑ࠼ࡓ࠸࠺ࡢ࡛ࠊࡇࢀࡀ㸯ࡘࡢࣔࢹࣝ࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࣟࣥࢻࣥࡢሙྜࡣ㏫ቑ࠼ࡓ࠸࠺ࡢ࡛ࠊࡇࢀࡀ㸯ࡘࡢࣔࢹࣝ࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࣟࣥࢻࣥࡣࣟࣥࢻ࡛ࣥᡂຌࡋࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊࡓࡔࠊᐇ㝿ၥ㢟ࡣࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢᮇ ࣟࣥࢻࣥࡣࣟࣥࢻ࡛ࣥᡂຌࡋࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊࡓࡔࠊᐇ㝿ၥ㢟ࡣࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢᮇ 㛫୰ࡣࣟࣥࢻࣥࡢࣈࣜࢸࢵࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣗࢪ࣒ࢼࢩࣙࢼࣝࢠ࣮ࣕࣛࣜࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࢁ 㛫୰ࡣࣟࣥࢻࣥࡢࣈࣜࢸࢵࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣗࢪ࣒ࢼࢩࣙࢼࣝࢠ࣮ࣕࣛࣜࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࢁ ࡣࢇேࡀ᮶࡞ࡗࡓ࠸࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ⤊ࢃࡗࡓࡽ᮶ࡓࡽࡋ࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࠋ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃ ࡣࢇேࡀ᮶࡞ࡗࡓ࠸࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ⤊ࢃࡗࡓࡽ᮶ࡓࡽࡋ࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࠋ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃ ࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡣࡸࡗࡥࡾࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ➇ᢏ୰ᚰ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ ࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡣࡸࡗࡥࡾࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ➇ᢏ୰ᚰ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ ᮾிࡢሙྜࡣࠊ⚾ࡶࡢᅜ❧᪂⨾⾡㤋ࡶྵࡵ࡚ࠊ࠸ࢁࢇ࡞ᒎぴࡸࡑࡢࡢᩥⓗ࡞⾜ࢆ ᮾிࡢሙྜࡣࠊ⚾ࡶࡢᅜ❧᪂⨾⾡㤋ࡶྵࡵ࡚ࠊ࠸ࢁࢇ࡞ᒎぴࡸࡑࡢࡢᩥⓗ࡞⾜ࢆ 㛤ദࡋ࡚ࠊࡐࡦࠊୡ⏺ࡽ᪥ᮏ᮶ࡿேࡓࡕ᪥ᮏࡢᩥࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣయⓗ࡞ᩥࡢ⚍࠸࠺ 㛤ദࡋ࡚ࠊࡐࡦࠊୡ⏺ࡽ᪥ᮏ᮶ࡿேࡓࡕ᪥ᮏࡢᩥࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣయⓗ࡞ᩥࡢ⚍࠸࠺ ࡢࢆࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡢࢆࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࢀ࡛ࠊࡇ࠺࠸࠺ࡶࡢࢆ࠺࠸࠺ࡩ࠺ලయⓗ⪃࠼࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࡀࠊᅜ ࡑࢀ࡛ࠊࡇ࠺࠸࠺ࡶࡢࢆ࠺࠸࠺ࡩ࠺ලయⓗ⪃࠼࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࡀࠊᅜ ❧᪂⨾⾡㤋࡛ࡶࠊᖺࡢ࣭ࣜ࢜࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡀ⤊ࢃࡾࡲࡍࠊ ᭶ࡽࠊࠕᮾி ❧᪂⨾⾡㤋࡛ࡶࠊᖺࡢ࣭ࣜ࢜࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡀ⤊ࢃࡾࡲࡍࠊ ᭶ࡽࠊࠕᮾி ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣮ࣖࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣮ࣖࠖ࠸࠺ࡢࡀጞࡲࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀ㛵㐃ࡋ࡚ࠊ ᖺࡲ ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣮ࣖࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣮ࣖࠖ࠸࠺ࡢࡀጞࡲࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀ㛵㐃ࡋ࡚ࠊ ᖺࡲ ࡛࠸ࢁࢇ࡞⾜ࢆ࠸ࢁࢇ࡞ࡇࢁ࡛⤌ࡳࡲࡍࡅࠋ⚾ࡶࡶ࠸ࢁࢇ࡞⾜ࢆࡸࡿࡼ࠺ゝࢃࢀ࡚ ࡛࠸ࢁࢇ࡞⾜ࢆ࠸ࢁࢇ࡞ࡇࢁ࡛⤌ࡳࡲࡍࡅࠋ⚾ࡶࡶ࠸ࢁࢇ࡞⾜ࢆࡸࡿࡼ࠺ゝࢃࢀ࡚ ࠾ࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ⚾ࡶࡑࢀ࠾ᛂ࠼ࡋࡼ࠺ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡘࡣ࠸ࢃࡺࡿ㞀ᐖ⪅࣮ࢺࡢᒎぴࢆ㛤 ࠾ࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ⚾ࡶࡑࢀ࠾ᛂ࠼ࡋࡼ࠺ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡘࡣ࠸ࢃࡺࡿ㞀ᐖ⪅࣮ࢺࡢᒎぴࢆ㛤 ദࡋࡓࡽ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࠋࡇࢀࡣᩥᗇ୍⥴ࡸࡿࡇ࡞ࡿᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡇࢀࡽ⏬ ദࡋࡓࡽ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࠋࡇࢀࡣᩥᗇ୍⥴ࡸࡿࡇ࡞ࡿᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡇࢀࡽ⏬ ࢆලయⓗ㐍ࡵ࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡶ࠺ ࡘࡣᅜ㝿ὶᇶ㔠ࡢࢪࢭࣥࢱ࣮⤌ࢇ࡛ࠊ ࢆලయⓗ㐍ࡵ࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡶ࠺ ࡘࡣᅜ㝿ὶᇶ㔠ࡢࢪࢭࣥࢱ࣮⤌ࢇ࡛ࠊ ᖺࡢኟࠊභᮏᮌࡢ᳃⨾⾡㤋୍⥴࡞ࡗ࡚ࠊࢭࣥ ࢝ᅜࡢ⌧௦࣮ࢺࡢᒎぴࢆつᶍ୧ ᖺࡢኟࠊභᮏᮌࡢ᳃⨾⾡㤋୍⥴࡞ࡗ࡚ࠊࢭࣥ ࢝ᅜࡢ⌧௦࣮ࢺࡢᒎぴࢆつᶍ୧ 㤋ྠ㛤ദࡋࡲࡍࠋභᮏᮌ⏺㝰ࢆࢪ୍Ⰽࡋࡓ࠸ᛮࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࢆࡣࡌࡵ 㤋ྠ㛤ദࡋࡲࡍࠋභᮏᮌ⏺㝰ࢆࢪ୍Ⰽࡋࡓ࠸ᛮࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࢆࡣࡌࡵ ࠸ࢁࢇ࡞ィ⏬ࢆ࠸ࡲ⪃࠼࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࠸ࢁࢇ࡞ィ⏬ࢆ࠸ࡲ⪃࠼࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡓࡔࠊ࣮ࢺࡢഃࡽぢࡲࡍࠊ㞀ᐖ⪅ᖖ⪅ศࡅࡿࡢࡣ㐪ឤࡶ࠶ࡿࠋᇶᮏⓗศࡅࡿ ࡓࡔࠊ࣮ࢺࡢഃࡽぢࡲࡍࠊ㞀ᐖ⪅ᖖ⪅ศࡅࡿࡢࡣ㐪ឤࡶ࠶ࡿࠋᇶᮏⓗศࡅࡿ ᚲせࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ࠼ࡤࠊ᮶ᖺࠊ ᖺࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࢆ௦⾲ࡍࡿ⌧௦࣮ࢸࢫࢺࡢ ᚲせࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ࠼ࡤࠊ᮶ᖺࠊ ᖺࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࢆ௦⾲ࡍࡿ⌧௦࣮ࢸࢫࢺࡢ ⲡ㛫ᙗ⏕ᒎࠊⲡ㛫ᙗ⏕ࡉࢇࡢᒎぴࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ୍ᖺࠊୡ⏺ࡢ᭱ࡶほᐈࢆ㞟ࡵ ⲡ㛫ᙗ⏕ᒎࠊⲡ㛫ᙗ⏕ࡉࢇࡢᒎぴࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ୍ᖺࠊୡ⏺ࡢ᭱ࡶほᐈࢆ㞟ࡵ ࡓ࣮ࢸࢫࢺ࠸࠺ࡢࡣⲡ㛫ᙗ⏕࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࡼࠋ⚾ࡶࣈ࢚ࣀࢫࣞࢫࡲ࡛ぢ⾜ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ⌧௦ ࡓ࣮ࢸࢫࢺ࠸࠺ࡢࡣⲡ㛫ᙗ⏕࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࡼࠋ⚾ࡶࣈ࢚ࣀࢫࣞࢫࡲ࡛ぢ⾜ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ⌧௦ ⨾⾡㤋࡛ⲡ㛫ᙗ⏕ᒎࢆࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ㛗⺬ࡢิ࡛ࠊ࡞࡞ධࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ⏫ࡣࡎ࣮ࡗⲡ㛫 ⨾⾡㤋࡛ⲡ㛫ᙗ⏕ᒎࢆࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ㛗⺬ࡢิ࡛ࠊ࡞࡞ධࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ⏫ࡣࡎ࣮ࡗⲡ㛫 ᙗ⏕ᒎࡢࢳࣛࢩࡀฟ࡚ࡿࡋࠊ࡞ࢇࡶฟ࡚ࡲࡋ࡚ࠊኚ࡞ேẼ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡣࣛࢸ࣓ࣥࣜ࢝ ᙗ⏕ᒎࡢࢳࣛࢩࡀฟ࡚ࡿࡋࠊ࡞ࢇࡶฟ࡚ࡲࡋ࡚ࠊኚ࡞ேẼ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡣࣛࢸ࣓ࣥࣜ࢝ ࢶ࣮ࠊࡑࢀࡽ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࢶ࣮ࠊ᪥ᮏࢶ࣮ࡶࡸࡗࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡀࠊኚ࡞ேẼ࣮ࢸࢫࢺ࡛ࡍࠋ ࢶ࣮ࠊࡑࢀࡽ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࢶ࣮ࠊ᪥ᮏࢶ࣮ࡶࡸࡗࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡀࠊኚ࡞ேẼ࣮ࢸࢫࢺ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡓࡔࠊࡇࡢ᪉ࡣ࠾ࡶࡋࢁࡃ࡚ࠊ⢭⚄㝔ࡢ୍ᐊఫࢇ࡛࡚ࠊ⮬ศࡢࢺ࢚ࣜ⢭⚄㝔ࡽ㏻ࡗ ࡓࡔࠊࡇࡢ᪉ࡣ࠾ࡶࡋࢁࡃ࡚ࠊ⢭⚄㝔ࡢ୍ᐊఫࢇ࡛࡚ࠊ⮬ศࡢࢺ࢚ࣜ⢭⚄㝔ࡽ㏻ࡗ ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ࡛ࡍࡽࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺ព࡛ࡣࠊ୍⯡ⓗ࡞ឤぬ࡛ࡣ࡞࡞ᖖ⪅ゝ࠼࡞࠸ ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ࡛ࡍࡽࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺ព࡛ࡣࠊ୍⯡ⓗ࡞ឤぬ࡛ࡣ࡞࡞ᖖ⪅ゝ࠼࡞࠸ ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡔࡅࠊ࣮ࢸࢫࢺ࠸࠺ࡢࡣࡑ࠺࠸࠺㒊ศࡶ࠶ࡗ࡚࠾ࡋࡃ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡔࡅࠊ࣮ࢸࢫࢺ࠸࠺ࡢࡣࡑ࠺࠸࠺㒊ศࡶ࠶ࡗ࡚࠾ࡋࡃ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ 5 5 ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ࠼ࡤ㎷ఙ⾜ࡉࢇࡢࡼ࠺࡞┣ࡢࣆࢽࢫࢺࠊࡍࡤࡽࡋ࠸࣮ࢸࢫࢺࡀ࠸ࡲ ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ࠼ࡤ㎷ఙ⾜ࡉࢇࡢࡼ࠺࡞┣ࡢࣆࢽࢫࢺࠊࡍࡤࡽࡋ࠸࣮ࢸࢫࢺࡀ࠸ࡲ ࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊ⏬ᐙࡔ࣮ࣟࢺࣞࢵࢡࠋࡑࢀࡽⓙࡉࢇࡶዲࡁ࡞ࣂ࢜ࣜࢽࢫࢺࡢࢶ࣮ࢡ࣭ࣃ ࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊ⏬ᐙࡔ࣮ࣟࢺࣞࢵࢡࠋࡑࢀࡽⓙࡉࢇࡶዲࡁ࡞ࣂ࢜ࣜࢽࢫࢺࡢࢶ࣮ࢡ࣭ࣃ ࣮࣐ࣝࣥ࡞ࢇࡶ࠸ࡘࡶ㌴࠸ࡍ࡛₇ዌࡋ࡚ࡲࡍࡡࠋ࡛ࡍࡽࠊ⨾ࡣࡇᐟࡿࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࡇࢁ ࣮࣐ࣝࣥ࡞ࢇࡶ࠸ࡘࡶ㌴࠸ࡍ࡛₇ዌࡋ࡚ࡲࡍࡡࠋ࡛ࡍࡽࠊ⨾ࡣࡇᐟࡿࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࡇࢁ ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊవࡾᖖ⪅㞀ᐖ⪅ศࡅࡿࡢࡣࡣ࠾ࡋ࠸ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑ࠺࠸࠺Ⅼ ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊవࡾᖖ⪅㞀ᐖ⪅ศࡅࡿࡢࡣࡣ࠾ࡋ࠸ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑ࠺࠸࠺Ⅼ ࡛ࡣࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢศ㔝ࡶᮏ᮶ࡑ࠺࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࢀࡒࢀࣁࣥࢹࡀ࠶ࡿேࡀ࠸ࢁࢇ࡞ࡇᣮᡓࡍࡿ ࡛ࡣࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢศ㔝ࡶᮏ᮶ࡑ࠺࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࢀࡒࢀࣁࣥࢹࡀ࠶ࡿேࡀ࠸ࢁࢇ࡞ࡇᣮᡓࡍࡿ ࡇពࡀ࠶ࡿ⚾ࡣᛮࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡇពࡀ࠶ࡿ⚾ࡣᛮࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࢃࡅ࡛ࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࣮ࢺࢆศࡅࡿࡢࡣ⚾ࡣ࠾ࡋ࠸ᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࡡࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊࢫࣜ ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࢃࡅ࡛ࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࣮ࢺࢆศࡅࡿࡢࡣ⚾ࡣ࠾ࡋ࠸ᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࡡࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊࢫࣜ ࣮ࢺ࣮ࢸࢫࢺࡣ㠀ᖖఝ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࢫ࣮ࣜࢺࡣࡶࡕࢁࢇ㌟యⓗ࡞カ⦎ࠊ㘫⦎ࠊࡇࢀࡀᇶ ࣮ࢺ࣮ࢸࢫࢺࡣ㠀ᖖఝ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࢫ࣮ࣜࢺࡣࡶࡕࢁࢇ㌟యⓗ࡞カ⦎ࠊ㘫⦎ࠊࡇࢀࡀᇶ ᮏ࡛ࡍࡅࢀࡶࠊ࣮ࢸࢫࢺࡶᇶᮏⓗ࡞㈨ᮏࡣయ࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࡼࠋ㌟యࠊ⫗యࠋࡔࡽࠊ᪥ᮏࡢḷ⯙ ᮏ࡛ࡍࡅࢀࡶࠊ࣮ࢸࢫࢺࡶᇶᮏⓗ࡞㈨ᮏࡣయ࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࡼࠋ㌟యࠊ⫗యࠋࡔࡽࠊ᪥ᮏࡢḷ⯙ ఄࡢᙺ⪅ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⬟ࡢᙺ⪅ࠊࡇࡢேࡓࡕࡣ㌟యⓗ࡞ࢺ࣮ࣞࢽࣥࢢࢆࡋ࡞࠸࠶ࡢᙧࡣࡘࡃࢀࡲࡏ ఄࡢᙺ⪅ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⬟ࡢᙺ⪅ࠊࡇࡢேࡓࡕࡣ㌟యⓗ࡞ࢺ࣮ࣞࢽࣥࢢࢆࡋ࡞࠸࠶ࡢᙧࡣࡘࡃࢀࡲࡏ ࢇࠋḷ⯙ఄࡢᙺ⪅ࡣ⯙ྎ࡛㸯㛫௨ୖࡇ࠺ࡸࡗ࡚ࠊࣅࢩࢵᚤືࡶࡋ࡞࠸࡛ᗙࡗ࡚ࡓࡾ❧ࡗ࡚ࡓ ࢇࠋḷ⯙ఄࡢᙺ⪅ࡣ⯙ྎ࡛㸯㛫௨ୖࡇ࠺ࡸࡗ࡚ࠊࣅࢩࢵᚤືࡶࡋ࡞࠸࡛ᗙࡗ࡚ࡓࡾ❧ࡗ࡚ࡓ ࡾࡍࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ࠶ࢇ࡞ࡇ୍⯡ࡢேࡣ࡛ࡁࡲࡏࢇࡼࠋ࠶ࢀࡣࡼ㘫㘐ࡋ࡚࡞࠸࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡾࡍࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ࠶ࢇ࡞ࡇ୍⯡ࡢேࡣ࡛ࡁࡲࡏࢇࡼࠋ࠶ࢀࡣࡼ㘫㘐ࡋ࡚࡞࠸࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ ⬟࡞ࢇࡢᙧࢆỴࡵࡿࡢࡶࠊࡇࢀࡶࡶ࠺ࠊ⫗యⓗ࡞㘫㘐ࡀ࡞ࡃࡕࡷ࡛ࡁࡲࡏࢇࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇࣂ࢚ࣞ ⬟࡞ࢇࡢᙧࢆỴࡵࡿࡢࡶࠊࡇࢀࡶࡶ࠺ࠊ⫗యⓗ࡞㘫㘐ࡀ࡞ࡃࡕࡷ࡛ࡁࡲࡏࢇࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇࣂ࢚ࣞ ࡡࠊ⯙㋃ࠊ⯙㋀࡞ࢀࡤࠊ⫗యⓗ࡞᪥ࡈࢁࡢ㘫㘐ࡀ㒊࣮ࢺࠊᙧࡋ࡚จ⦰ࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋ ࡡࠊ⯙㋃ࠊ⯙㋀࡞ࢀࡤࠊ⫗యⓗ࡞᪥ࡈࢁࡢ㘫㘐ࡀ㒊࣮ࢺࠊᙧࡋ࡚จ⦰ࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋ ࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࡛㐩ᡂࡋࡓࡍࡤࡽࡋ࠸ᙧ࠸࠺ࡢࡣ⨾࡛ࡍࡡࠋ ࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࡛㐩ᡂࡋࡓࡍࡤࡽࡋ࠸ᙧ࠸࠺ࡢࡣ⨾࡛ࡍࡡࠋ ே㛫ࡢ⨾࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡀࡑࡇฟ࡚ࡃࡿࠋࡔࡽࠊ࣮ࢺࡢ⨾ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ⨾࠸࠺ࡢࡣࡇ࡛ᇶ ே㛫ࡢ⨾࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡀࡑࡇฟ࡚ࡃࡿࠋࡔࡽࠊ࣮ࢺࡢ⨾ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ⨾࠸࠺ࡢࡣࡇ࡛ᇶ ᮏⓗࡣఝ࡚࠸ࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ࡛ࡍࡽࠊ୧᪉ࡶ✲ᴟⓗ࡞┠ⓗ࠸࠺ࡢࡣே㛫ࡢ⢭⚄⫗యࡢ⥲ྜ ᮏⓗࡣఝ࡚࠸ࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ࡛ࡍࡽࠊ୧᪉ࡶ✲ᴟⓗ࡞┠ⓗ࠸࠺ࡢࡣே㛫ࡢ⢭⚄⫗యࡢ⥲ྜ ຊࡼࡿ⨾ࡢ㏣ồࡔ⚾ࡣᛮࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࠊࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓⅬ࡛㏆௦࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࠊ≉⌧௦࢜ࣜࣥ ຊࡼࡿ⨾ࡢ㏣ồࡔ⚾ࡣᛮࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࠊࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓⅬ࡛㏆௦࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࠊ≉⌧௦࢜ࣜࣥ ࣆࢵࢡࡽ⨾ࡢ㏣ồ࠸ࡗࡓࡇࢁࡀኻࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ぢ࠼ࡿࡢࡣࡲࡇṧᛕ࡞ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ ࣆࢵࢡࡽ⨾ࡢ㏣ồ࠸ࡗࡓࡇࢁࡀኻࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ぢ࠼ࡿࡢࡣࡲࡇṧᛕ࡞ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ ᖺࡢᮾி࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࡛ࡣࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢࡼ࠺࠸ࢃࡺࡿᖖ⪅㞀ᐖ⪅ ᖺࡢᮾி࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࡛ࡣࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢࡼ࠺࠸ࢃࡺࡿᖖ⪅㞀ᐖ⪅ ศࡅࡿࡢࡌࡷ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊே㛫ࡀ㐩ᡂࡍࡿ⢭⚄⫗యࡢ ࡘࡢ⥲ྜⓗ࡞⨾ࡢ㏣ồ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺Ⅼ ศࡅࡿࡢࡌࡷ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊே㛫ࡀ㐩ᡂࡍࡿ⢭⚄⫗యࡢ ࡘࡢ⥲ྜⓗ࡞⨾ࡢ㏣ồ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺Ⅼ ࡛ࡲࡵ࡚ࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࢆ ࡘࡢࡁ࡞┠ᶆᥖࡆ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸࡞ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡛ࡲࡵ࡚ࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࢆ ࡘࡢࡁ࡞┠ᶆᥖࡆ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸࡞ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࠕᩥຊࡋ࡚ࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࠖ࠸࠺ࢸ࣮࣐ࢆ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ⚾ࡣࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡶᩥ࡛࠶ࡿ⏦ ࠕᩥຊࡋ࡚ࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࠖ࠸࠺ࢸ࣮࣐ࢆ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ⚾ࡣࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡶᩥ࡛࠶ࡿ⏦ ࡋୖࡆࡓ࠸ࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇ࣮ࢺࡶᩥ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡶ࣮ࢺࡶᇶᮏⓗே㛫ࡀࡘࡃࡾࡔࡋ ࡋୖࡆࡓ࠸ࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇ࣮ࢺࡶᩥ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡶ࣮ࢺࡶᇶᮏⓗே㛫ࡀࡘࡃࡾࡔࡋ ࡓᩥࡋ࡚ㄆ㆑ࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢᩥࡢ୰ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡶ࠶ࢀࡤ࣮ࢺࡶ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡩ࠺⪃࠼ࡿࡁ࡛ ࡓᩥࡋ࡚ㄆ㆑ࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢᩥࡢ୰ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡶ࠶ࢀࡤ࣮ࢺࡶ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡩ࠺⪃࠼ࡿࡁ࡛ ࠶ࡿᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࠶ࡿᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡑ࠺࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢᖺࡀ⤊ࢃࡗ࡚ࡶࠊࡑࢀ࡛ࡍ࡚ࡀ⤊ࢃࡿࢃࡅࡌ ࡑ࠺࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢᖺࡀ⤊ࢃࡗ࡚ࡶࠊࡑࢀ࡛ࡍ࡚ࡀ⤊ࢃࡿࢃࡅࡌ ࡷ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ࡛ࡣࡑࢀ࡛⤊ࢃࡿࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࡅࠊᏛࡶ⨾⾡㤋࡞ࡢᩥ ࡷ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ࡛ࡣࡑࢀ࡛⤊ࢃࡿࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࡅࠊᏛࡶ⨾⾡㤋࡞ࡢᩥ タࡶࠊࡲࡍࡲࡍࡇࢀࡽᒎ㛤ࡋ࡚࠸࡞ࡃࡕࡷ࠸ࡅࡲࡏࢇࡢ࡛ࠊ༢࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡸࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵ タࡶࠊࡲࡍࡲࡍࡇࢀࡽᒎ㛤ࡋ࡚࠸࡞ࡃࡕࡷ࠸ࡅࡲࡏࢇࡢ࡛ࠊ༢࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡸࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵ ࢡࡢࡓࡵ࠸࠺ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ࠸ࢃࡤ᪥ᮏࡢࡓࡵୡ⏺ࡢࡓࡵ࠸࠺ᙧ࡛ၥ㢟ࢆ㏣ồࡋ࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ ࢡࡢࡓࡵ࠸࠺ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ࠸ࢃࡤ᪥ᮏࡢࡓࡵୡ⏺ࡢࡓࡵ࠸࠺ᙧ࡛ၥ㢟ࢆ㏣ồࡋ࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ ࡿᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡿᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡゝ࠺ࠊ࠺ࡶ⾲㠃ⓗ࡞࠸ࢁࢇ࡞ືࡁࡽࢃࢀࡿࡇࢁ࠶ࡿ ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡゝ࠺ࠊ࠺ࡶ⾲㠃ⓗ࡞࠸ࢁࢇ࡞ືࡁࡽࢃࢀࡿࡇࢁ࠶ࡿ ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࠊࡸࡗࡥࡾᮾி࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡣࠊே㛫ࡢ⥲ྜⓗ࡞⨾ࡢ㏣ồࡢ࡛࠶ ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࠊࡸࡗࡥࡾᮾி࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡣࠊே㛫ࡢ⥲ྜⓗ࡞⨾ࡢ㏣ồࡢ࡛࠶ ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࢆᨵࡵ࡚⏦ࡋୖࡆࡓ࠸ࠋࡑࢀࡇࡑ᪥ᮏࡢఏ⤫ࡶࡩࡉࢃࡋ࠸࣋ࣥࢺ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࢆᨵࡵ࡚⏦ࡋୖࡆࡓ࠸ࠋࡑࢀࡇࡑ᪥ᮏࡢఏ⤫ࡶࡩࡉࢃࡋ࠸࣋ࣥࢺ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ ࢆࠊࡔࢀࡶゝࢃ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࡗࡁࡾゝࢃࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࠋ࠺ࡶ࠶ࡾࡀ࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲ ࢆࠊࡔࢀࡶゝࢃ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࡗࡁࡾゝࢃࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࠋ࠺ࡶ࠶ࡾࡀ࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲ ࡋࡓࠋ ࡋࡓࠋ 6 6 「Promotion of Inclusion Through Sports in Germany」 「Promotion of Inclusion Through Sports in Germany」 Dr. Gudrun Doll-Tepper Dr. Gudrun Doll-Tepper Freie Universität Berlin, Prof. Freie Universität Berlin, Prof. German Olympic Sports Confederation, Vice-President German Olympic Sports Confederation, Vice-President 1. Introduction 1. Introduction 䢢 䢢 In the past, not all persons had access to participation in physical education and sport. This is In the past, not all persons had access to participation in physical education and sport. This is particularly true for persons with disabilities. The focus was very often placed on differences particularly true for persons with disabilities. The focus was very often placed on differences and disabilities whereas today emphasis is given to similarities and abilities of individuals and and disabilities whereas today emphasis is given to similarities and abilities of individuals and to the provision of inclusive rather than segregated settings. to the provision of inclusive rather than segregated settings. The integration of persons with different backgrounds and abilities into sport has a long The integration of persons with different backgrounds and abilities into sport has a long tradition in Germany. Currently, great efforts are being made to open the sport clubs to tradition in Germany. Currently, great efforts are being made to open the sport clubs to everyone who is interested to join and to ensure equal opportunities an access to all. During the everyone who is interested to join and to ensure equal opportunities an access to all. During the 1970’s and 1980’s many initiatives and programmes existed in Germany using the term 1970’s and 1980’s many initiatives and programmes existed in Germany using the term “integration” when speaking about joint activities of persons with and without disabilities (e.g. “integration” when speaking about joint activities of persons with and without disabilities (e.g. Fediuk 1992; Scheid 1995; Beckmann/Ohlert 2002; Doll-Tepper 2002). From the 1990’s Fediuk 1992; Scheid 1995; Beckmann/Ohlert 2002; Doll-Tepper 2002). From the 1990’s onwards the term “inclusion” came gradually more in use in this context (e.g. Hinz 2002; onwards the term “inclusion” came gradually more in use in this context (e.g. Hinz 2002; Anneken 2013; Doll-Tepper 2014) and when addressing issues related to joint participation in Anneken 2013; Doll-Tepper 2014) and when addressing issues related to joint participation in sport with a focus on persons with immigrant background the term “integration” was and is sport with a focus on persons with immigrant background the term “integration” was and is being used frequently (e.g. Kleindienst-Cachay 2007; Braun & Nobis 2011; Klein 2011). being used frequently (e.g. Kleindienst-Cachay 2007; Braun & Nobis 2011; Klein 2011). Currently, both terms “integration” and “inclusion” are being used in society, in general, and, in Currently, both terms “integration” and “inclusion” are being used in society, in general, and, in particular, in sport. Recent publications in this area have indicated that the term “inclusion” particular, in sport. Recent publications in this area have indicated that the term “inclusion” covers a broader range than “integration” (see Gieß-Stüber et al. 2014). covers a broader range than “integration” (see Gieß-Stüber et al. 2014). 2. Historical developments 2. Historical developments Although physical activities were already introduced as therapeutic means in the ancient world, Although physical activities were already introduced as therapeutic means in the ancient world, more attention was given to movement and sport as part of the rehabilitation process of more attention was given to movement and sport as part of the rehabilitation process of wounded persons during and after World War I and World War II. Very often it is forgotten that wounded persons during and after World War I and World War II. Very often it is forgotten that deaf persons established an international organisation, the “Comité International des Sport des deaf persons established an international organisation, the “Comité International des Sport des Sourds” (CISS), as early as in 1924 and started their first World Games in Paris in the same year. Sourds” (CISS), as early as in 1924 and started their first World Games in Paris in the same year. During World War II movement therapy and sport were used in the treatment of wounded During World War II movement therapy and sport were used in the treatment of wounded soldiers and civilians, however, there were enormous difficulties in providing sufficient medical soldiers and civilians, however, there were enormous difficulties in providing sufficient medical care (Doll-Tepper & Pfister, 1990). A special problem was the medical treatment of wounded care (Doll-Tepper & Pfister, 1990). A special problem was the medical treatment of wounded 7 7 persons with spinal cord injuries. Guttmann (1979), a medical doctor at Stoke Mandeville persons with spinal cord injuries. Guttmann (1979), a medical doctor at Stoke Mandeville Hospital in England, introduced physical activity and even sporting competitions to spinal cord Hospital in England, introduced physical activity and even sporting competitions to spinal cord injured participants, thus introducing a new revolutionary concept of rehabilitation which was injured participants, thus introducing a new revolutionary concept of rehabilitation which was later also used in other countries, including Germany. Guttmann initiated sport competitions for later also used in other countries, including Germany. Guttmann initiated sport competitions for spinal cord injured persons, the Stoke Mandeville Games, from 1948 onwards which later spinal cord injured persons, the Stoke Mandeville Games, from 1948 onwards which later became the Paralympic Games. became the Paralympic Games. 3. Paralympic Sumer and Winter Games 3. Paralympic Sumer and Winter Games German athletes participated in both Paralympic Summer and Winter Games. The first German athletes participated in both Paralympic Summer and Winter Games. The first Summer Paralympics were held in Rome, Italy, in 1960 and the first Winter Paralympics were Summer Paralympics were held in Rome, Italy, in 1960 and the first Winter Paralympics were organised in Örnsköldsvik, Sweden. Between 1960 and 1988 athletes with disabilities in organised in Örnsköldsvik, Sweden. Between 1960 and 1988 athletes with disabilities in Germany trained in most cases separately from the other athletes in their own sport groups or Germany trained in most cases separately from the other athletes in their own sport groups or disability sport clubs. Since the late 1980’s the concept of integration was introduced in some disability sport clubs. Since the late 1980’s the concept of integration was introduced in some sport federations and some sport clubs and increasingly athletes were included in sport centres sport federations and some sport clubs and increasingly athletes were included in sport centres and Olympic training centres. An important step in the process of greater acceptance of the and Olympic training centres. An important step in the process of greater acceptance of the Paralympics within the world of Olympic sport was made when the city of Berlin, Germany, put Paralympics within the world of Olympic sport was made when the city of Berlin, Germany, put forward a bid to host the 2000 Olympic and Paralympic Games. In 1993, during the bid process, forward a bid to host the 2000 Olympic and Paralympic Games. In 1993, during the bid process, an international conference, called VISTA, was held in Jasper, Canada, which addressed issues an international conference, called VISTA, was held in Jasper, Canada, which addressed issues of high performance sport for athletes with disabilities (Steadward/Nelson & Wheeler 1994). In of high performance sport for athletes with disabilities (Steadward/Nelson & Wheeler 1994). In a presentation “Towards 2000 – the Paralympics” the following statement was made: “In its a presentation “Towards 2000 – the Paralympics” the following statement was made: “In its recent history, the Paralympics have been associated to a greater extent with the Olympic recent history, the Paralympics have been associated to a greater extent with the Olympic Games: in Seoul, 1988, the same sport facilities were used for both the Olympic and the Games: in Seoul, 1988, the same sport facilities were used for both the Olympic and the Paralympic Games. In Barcelona, 1992, the Olympic Games and the Paralympic Games were Paralympic Games. In Barcelona, 1992, the Olympic Games and the Paralympic Games were hosted by the same Organising Committee. And in 1993, for the first time in history, the cities hosted by the same Organising Committee. And in 1993, for the first time in history, the cities bidding for the Olympic Games are discovering the Paralympics as a valuable part of their bids” bidding for the Olympic Games are discovering the Paralympics as a valuable part of their bids” (Doll-Tepper/von Selzam 1994, 478). The authors then refer to a statement which was made by (Doll-Tepper/von Selzam 1994, 478). The authors then refer to a statement which was made by the IOC President Juan Antonio Samaranch on the occasion of the Closing Ceremony of the the IOC President Juan Antonio Samaranch on the occasion of the Closing Ceremony of the First Paralympic Congress in Barcelona 1992 in his closing address: “… We will try, … to First Paralympic Congress in Barcelona 1992 in his closing address: “… We will try, … to establish a condition, recommending that the city that has the luck and the honour to be chosen establish a condition, recommending that the city that has the luck and the honour to be chosen for the Games of the year 2000 will also be obliged to organise the Paralympics (in this case the for the Games of the year 2000 will also be obliged to organise the Paralympics (in this case the XI Games) a few weeks later” (Samaranch 1993, 712). An interesting, sometimes controversial XI Games) a few weeks later” (Samaranch 1993, 712). An interesting, sometimes controversial debate took place at the VISTA conference and on many other occasions concerning the debate took place at the VISTA conference and on many other occasions concerning the relations between the IOC and the IPC, in particular, with regard to the bidding process and the relations between the IOC and the IPC, in particular, with regard to the bidding process and the hosting of the Games, but also beyond the event. hosting of the Games, but also beyond the event. 8 8 At that time three scenarios were presented: At that time three scenarios were presented: Figure 1. Three scenarios for the relationship between the IOC and IPC Figure 1. Three scenarios for the relationship between the IOC and IPC Doll-Tepper/Von Selzam 1994, 486 Doll-Tepper/Von Selzam 1994, 486 It is interesting to note that other authors have addressed this relation more recently with It is interesting to note that other authors have addressed this relation more recently with regard to the issue of inclusion. Legg/Fay/Wolff & Hums (2014) discuss the future scenarios in regard to the issue of inclusion. Legg/Fay/Wolff & Hums (2014) discuss the future scenarios in their article “The International Olympic Committee – International Paralympic Committee their article “The International Olympic Committee – International Paralympic Committee Relationship: Past, Present and Future” and present five scenarios, reaching from maintaining Relationship: Past, Present and Future” and present five scenarios, reaching from maintaining the current status (status quo) to dissolving IOC-IPC strategic agreements and ending all the current status (status quo) to dissolving IOC-IPC strategic agreements and ending all Olympic support for the Paralympic Games after 2020. Olympic support for the Paralympic Games after 2020. 4. Sport for persons with an intellectual/learning disability 4. Sport for persons with an intellectual/learning disability In Germany, persons with an intellectual disability can practice sport in an inclusive sport club In Germany, persons with an intellectual disability can practice sport in an inclusive sport club or setting, in a sport club for persons with disabilities or they can join a programme of Special or setting, in a sport club for persons with disabilities or they can join a programme of Special Olympics. As early as in 1977 a sport club in Göttingen, Germany, opened its door for young Olympics. As early as in 1977 a sport club in Göttingen, Germany, opened its door for young people with an intellectual disability. The parents of a young boy Andreas and authors of a book people with an intellectual disability. The parents of a young boy Andreas and authors of a book entitled “It all started with Andreas” (Mit Andreas fing alles an) (Mentz/Mentz 1982) describe entitled “It all started with Andreas” (Mit Andreas fing alles an) (Mentz/Mentz 1982) describe the historical moment when their son and other children with disabilities first joined the oldest the historical moment when their son and other children with disabilities first joined the oldest sport club in Göttingen “Turngemeinde Göttingen von 1846” on 3 March 1977. This initiative sport club in Göttingen “Turngemeinde Göttingen von 1846” on 3 March 1977. This initiative had many followers all over Germany and many sport clubs offered inclusive sport called had many followers all over Germany and many sport clubs offered inclusive sport called “Integrationssport”. “Integrationssport”. 9 9 Athletes with intellectual disabilities from Germany participated in previous Paralympic Athletes with intellectual disabilities from Germany participated in previous Paralympic Games, except during the period after the Sydney Paralympic Games 2000. At that time these Games, except during the period after the Sydney Paralympic Games 2000. At that time these athletes (INAS) were not allowed to participate until the London 2012 Paralympic Games when athletes (INAS) were not allowed to participate until the London 2012 Paralympic Games when these athletes reentered the Games. A larger community of athletes with intellectual disabilities these athletes reentered the Games. A larger community of athletes with intellectual disabilities are part of Special Olympics Germany with the opportunity to compete at local, national or even are part of Special Olympics Germany with the opportunity to compete at local, national or even international level, the Special Olympics World Games. The sports programme has been international level, the Special Olympics World Games. The sports programme has been extended in recent years, in particular, by introducing the “Unified Sports Programme” in which extended in recent years, in particular, by introducing the “Unified Sports Programme” in which athletes with and without intellectual disabilities compete together in a team, e.g. in tennis, athletes with and without intellectual disabilities compete together in a team, e.g. in tennis, basketball, volleyball etc. basketball, volleyball etc. Special Olympics Germany is organising National Games bi-annually, very often in Special Olympics Germany is organising National Games bi-annually, very often in conjunction with a congress, which brings together experts from different disciplines and conjunction with a congress, which brings together experts from different disciplines and persons with intellectual disabilities. In order to ensure that all participants can follow the persons with intellectual disabilities. In order to ensure that all participants can follow the lectures, the presentations are given in two forms: in regular language and in “easy-to- lectures, the presentations are given in two forms: in regular language and in “easy-to- understand”-language. understand”-language. 5. Sport for all 5. Sport for all The Sport for all movement has a long tradition in Germany and started with recreational The Sport for all movement has a long tradition in Germany and started with recreational activities already in the 1960’s. The term “Sport” is understood in the broadest sense activities already in the 1960’s. The term “Sport” is understood in the broadest sense (Hartmann-Tews 1996), which includes a variety of physical activities and is not necessarily (Hartmann-Tews 1996), which includes a variety of physical activities and is not necessarily connected to competition. The so-called Trimm Campaign, initiated by Jürgen Palm (Palm connected to competition. The so-called Trimm Campaign, initiated by Jürgen Palm (Palm 1991) in Germany, was used as an instrument for communicating the values and programmes of 1991) in Germany, was used as an instrument for communicating the values and programmes of sport to the life quality enhancement of the general population” (Palm 1991, 68). This concept sport to the life quality enhancement of the general population” (Palm 1991, 68). This concept was the basis for the inclusion of various groups in society into sport and aimed at empowering was the basis for the inclusion of various groups in society into sport and aimed at empowering people of different levels of performance, interests, abilities, cultural and religious backgrounds. people of different levels of performance, interests, abilities, cultural and religious backgrounds. The idea and concept of “Sport for All” had an enormous impact on developments in Germany The idea and concept of “Sport for All” had an enormous impact on developments in Germany and in many other countries around the world and is still expanding. It is interesting to note that and in many other countries around the world and is still expanding. It is interesting to note that the TRIMMY, the mascot of the Sport for All Movement, in the early days, is now the mascot the TRIMMY, the mascot of the Sport for All Movement, in the early days, is now the mascot of the German Olympic Sports Confederation. of the German Olympic Sports Confederation. 10 10 Figurre 2. Figurre 2. 6. Th he German Sport S System m – Past and d present 6. Th he German Sport S System m – Past and d present Afteer World Waar II German ny was divideed into the Federal F Repu ublic of Germ many and Geerman Afteer World Waar II German ny was divideed into the Federal F Repu ublic of Germ many and Geerman Demoocratic Repuublic. In both h countries thhe sport systeems developed in differennt ways, how wever, Demoocratic Repuublic. In both h countries thhe sport systeems developed in differennt ways, how wever, despiite several deecades of sep paration, thee unification process in 1989/1990 1 w went fast and d quite despiite several deecades of sep paration, thee unification process in 1989/1990 1 w went fast and d quite succeessful. The sport s system m of the Gerrman Democcratic Repub blic became part of the sport succeessful. The sport s system m of the Gerrman Democcratic Repub blic became part of the sport system m of the Fedderal Republic of Germanny and in the late 1990’ss and early 22000’s discussions system m of the Fedderal Republic of Germanny and in the late 1990’ss and early 22000’s discussions starteed to merge the “German n Sports Connfederation” (Deutscher Sportbund) and the “Naational starteed to merge the “German n Sports Connfederation” (Deutscher Sportbund) and the “Naational Olym mpic Committtee for Germ many” (Natioonales Olymp pisches Kom mitee für Deuutschland) intto one Olym mpic Committtee for Germ many” (Natioonales Olymp pisches Kom mitee für Deuutschland) intto one umbrrella organisaation. umbrrella organisaation. On 266 May 2006 the German Sports Conffederation an nd the Nation nal Olympic C Committee for f On 266 May 2006 the German Sports Conffederation an nd the Nation nal Olympic C Committee for f Germ many merged into the Gerrman Olympiic Sports Confederation. This was doone at their jo oint Germ many merged into the Gerrman Olympiic Sports Confederation. This was doone at their jo oint wish and in orderr to strengtheen organised sport in the Federal Repu ublic of Germ many. wish and in orderr to strengtheen organised sport in the Federal Repu ublic of Germ many. Figurre 3. System of the organ nised sport inn Germany Figurre 3. System of the organ nised sport inn Germany 11 11 Mainn goals of thiss merging prrocess were: Mainn goals of thiss merging prrocess were: Reduuction of num mber of comm mittees Reduuction of num mber of comm mittees Clearr separation of o strategic and a operationnal responsib bilities Clearr separation of o strategic and a operationnal responsib bilities Strenngthening thee professionaal approachess Strenngthening thee professionaal approachess Fasteer decisions Fasteer decisions Efficiient forms off control Efficiient forms off control Transsparency/Codde of ethics Transsparency/Codde of ethics Goodd governancee Goodd governancee etc. etc. Figurre 4. The Orgganisation off DOS Figurre 4. The Orgganisation off DOS Highh performancce sport/Olym mpic sport pplays an impo ortant role in n the Germann Olympic Sp ports Confe federation. Spport developm ment, howevver, is of equ ual importancce. It includees: Highh performancce sport/Olym mpic sport pplays an impo ortant role in n the Germann Olympic Sp ports Confe federation. Spport developm ment, howevver, is of equ ual importancce. It includees: Ͳ S Sport facilities and environment Ͳ S Sport facilities and environment Ͳ H Health and fitness fi Ͳ H Health and fitness fi Ͳ S School sports/physical ed ducation Ͳ S School sports/physical ed ducation Ͳ W Women and equal opporttunities Ͳ W Women and equal opporttunities Ͳ IIntegration/innclusion thro ough sports Ͳ IIntegration/innclusion thro ough sports Ͳ S Sports for the elderly Ͳ S Sports for the elderly Ͳ F Family and sports s Ͳ F Family and sports s Ͳ P Persons withh disabilities Ͳ P Persons withh disabilities Ͳ P Persons withh immigrant backgrounds b s Ͳ P Persons withh immigrant backgrounds b s Ͳ eetc. Ͳ eetc. 12 12 An iimportant iniitiative in Geerman Sportss is the “Germ man Sports Badge” B (Deuutsches Sporttabzeichen), which started already in 1913. The individual sportive s ability is assesse d within four sports and their main diisciplines: An iimportant iniitiative in Geerman Sportss is the “Germ man Sports Badge” B (Deuutsches Sporttabzeichen), which started already in 1913. The individual sportive s ability is assesse d within four sports and their main diisciplines: Ͳ Athletics Ͳ Athletics Ͳ Cycling Ͳ Cycling Ͳ Swimming Ͳ Swimming Ͳ Gymnasticss Ͳ Gymnasticss withh different peerformance requirements according to o age, genderr, and disabi lity on three differrent levels: bronze, b silverr, and gold. withh different peerformance requirements according to o age, genderr, and disabi lity on three differrent levels: bronze, b silverr, and gold. In 2 015, the Gerrman Sports Badge B Tour focussed on inclusion wh hich means tthat participaants In 2 015, the Gerrman Sports Badge B Tour focussed on inclusion wh hich means tthat participaants with and without disabilities had h the oppoortunity to geet a badge in gold, silver oor bronze. with and without disabilities had h the oppoortunity to geet a badge in gold, silver oor bronze. 7. Toowards inclu usion in sporrt 7. Toowards inclu usion in sporrt In G Germany, spoort clubs hav ve a long traddition in offeering activitiies for everyyone. As desccribed In G Germany, spoort clubs hav ve a long traddition in offeering activitiies for everyyone. As desccribed earlieer persons with w disabilities were meembers of in nclusive sporrt clubs sincce the 1970’s, but earlieer persons with w disabilities were meembers of in nclusive sporrt clubs sincce the 1970’s, but 13 13 they had their own sport clubs also under the umbrella of the “German Disability Sport they had their own sport clubs also under the umbrella of the “German Disability Sport Organisation” (Deutscher Behindertensportverband). Organisation” (Deutscher Behindertensportverband). The adoption of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities was an The adoption of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities was an important milestone. It got into force in March 2009 in Germany and created a new momentum important milestone. It got into force in March 2009 in Germany and created a new momentum for the implementation of equality. for the implementation of equality. Representatives of the German Olympic Sports Confederation and the three German Disability Representatives of the German Olympic Sports Confederation and the three German Disability Sport Organisations, that are the “German Disability Sport Organisation” (Deutscher Sport Organisations, that are the “German Disability Sport Organisation” (Deutscher Behinderten-Sportverband), the “German Deaf Sport Organisation” (Deutscher Gehörlosen- Behinderten-Sportverband), the “German Deaf Sport Organisation” (Deutscher Gehörlosen- Sportverband), and “Special Olympics Germany” (Special Olympics Deutschland) prepared a Sportverband), and “Special Olympics Germany” (Special Olympics Deutschland) prepared a first document to explain “Inclusion in sport” and published it in 2013. This was followed by a first document to explain “Inclusion in sport” and published it in 2013. This was followed by a “Position statement on inclusion” which was unanimously adopted by the General Assembly of “Position statement on inclusion” which was unanimously adopted by the General Assembly of the German Olympic Sport Confederation in December 2013. Based on these documents a the German Olympic Sport Confederation in December 2013. Based on these documents a working group in 2014 prepared a strategic paper for the period of 2015 - 2018 which is working group in 2014 prepared a strategic paper for the period of 2015 - 2018 which is currently being implemented by the member organisations. currently being implemented by the member organisations. Here are a few practical examples: Here are a few practical examples: German Hockey Federation (Deutscher Hockey-Bund) German Hockey Federation (Deutscher Hockey-Bund) Ͳ Children and young persons with disabilities can choose to play hockey Ͳ Children and young persons with disabilities can choose to play hockey x as part of a disability sport programme or x as part of a disability sport programme or x as part of an inclusive sport programme x as part of an inclusive sport programme German Football Federation (Deutscher Fußball-Bund) German Football Federation (Deutscher Fußball-Bund) Ͳ Publication of examples of good practice Ͳ Publication of examples of good practice Ͳ Implementation of “inclusion coordinators” Ͳ Implementation of “inclusion coordinators” Ͳ Publication of a manual for football for blind athletes Ͳ Publication of a manual for football for blind athletes Ͳ Publication of documents in “easy to understand language” Ͳ Publication of documents in “easy to understand language” Concerning the usage of terms there is still some irritation: What is the difference between Concerning the usage of terms there is still some irritation: What is the difference between integration and inclusion? A group of experts has reviewed literature and has put together a integration and inclusion? A group of experts has reviewed literature and has put together a document with recommendations (Gieß-Stüber et al. 2014) concerning the terms “integration”, document with recommendations (Gieß-Stüber et al. 2014) concerning the terms “integration”, “inclusion”, “diversity” and “intercultural learning”. Despite the experts’ recommendations, that “inclusion”, “diversity” and “intercultural learning”. Despite the experts’ recommendations, that “inclusion” has the broadest meaning and includes ALL, currently in German sports “integration” “inclusion” has the broadest meaning and includes ALL, currently in German sports “integration” is being used with regard to persons with immigrant backgrounds and “inclusion” is used in the is being used with regard to persons with immigrant backgrounds and “inclusion” is used in the context of persons with disabilities. It remains to be seen if within the next years the context of persons with disabilities. It remains to be seen if within the next years the recommendations of the experts will be introduced in sport programmes and in the use of recommendations of the experts will be introduced in sport programmes and in the use of terminology within the sport organisations and their supporting/funding agencies. terminology within the sport organisations and their supporting/funding agencies. 14 14 8. The outlook 8. The outlook It is our goal to make progress towards the full inclusion of persons, in particular, persons with It is our goal to make progress towards the full inclusion of persons, in particular, persons with disabilities and persons with immigrant backgrounds in all areas of society, including physical disabilities and persons with immigrant backgrounds in all areas of society, including physical education and sport. Therefore, we have to increase our efforts with regard to education and sport. Therefore, we have to increase our efforts with regard to Ͳ Empowerment of persons who have not yet full access to sport Ͳ Empowerment of persons who have not yet full access to sport Ͳ Improved qualifications of professionals (teachers, instructors, coaches etc.) Ͳ Improved qualifications of professionals (teachers, instructors, coaches etc.) Ͳ Accessibility of sport and recreation facilities and venues Ͳ Accessibility of sport and recreation facilities and venues Ͳ Availability of and access to information Ͳ Availability of and access to information Ͳ Organisation of inclusive sport events Ͳ Organisation of inclusive sport events Ͳ Intensified cooperation and networking with governmental and non-governmental agencies Ͳ Intensified cooperation and networking with governmental and non-governmental agencies Ͳ Increased media coverage and Ͳ Increased media coverage and Ͳ Monitoring and evaluation of initiatives and programmes. Ͳ Monitoring and evaluation of initiatives and programmes. 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Centre. 16 16 「文化としての障害者スポーツ」 「文化としての障害者スポーツ」 藤田 紀昭 藤田 紀昭 同志社大学教授 同志社大学教授 ᩥࡋ࡚ࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ ᩥࡋ࡚ࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ 㸦㸯㸧 ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡣᩥࡑࡢࡶࡢ 㸦㸯㸧 ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡣᩥࡑࡢࡶࡢ ᩥࡣே㛫ࡀ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡃࡢᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿྠே㛫ࡢ⏕άࢆࡼࡾ㇏ࡋࠊ⏕άࡢ㉁ࢆ㧗ࡵࠊ ᩥࡣே㛫ࡀ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡃࡢᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿྠே㛫ࡢ⏕άࢆࡼࡾ㇏ࡋࠊ⏕άࡢ㉁ࢆ㧗ࡵࠊ Ὑ⦎ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡃ≀㉁ࡸไᗘࠊ⪃࠼᪉࡛࠶ࡿࠋᩥࡣ࠶ࡿ♫ࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿேࠎࡼࡗ࡚ඹ᭷ࡉࢀࠊࡑ Ὑ⦎ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡃ≀㉁ࡸไᗘࠊ⪃࠼᪉࡛࠶ࡿࠋᩥࡣ࠶ࡿ♫ࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿேࠎࡼࡗ࡚ඹ᭷ࡉࢀࠊࡑ ࡇ㛵ࢃࡿேࠎࡼࡗ࡚ᑡࡋࡎࡘኚࡉࡏࡽࡋࡘࡘࡶࠊ ୡ௦ࢆ㉸࠼࡚ఏᢎࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡃࡶࡢ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇ㛵ࢃࡿேࠎࡼࡗ࡚ᑡࡋࡎࡘኚࡉࡏࡽࡋࡘࡘࡶࠊ ୡ௦ࢆ㉸࠼࡚ఏᢎࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡃࡶࡢ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡶࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᩥࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡛௰㛫ࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆᴦ ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡶࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᩥࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡛௰㛫ࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆᴦ ࡋࡴࠋᡓ⾡ࡸືࡁࢆὙ⦎ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡛┦ᡭࢆ㥙ࡋࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ୰࡛㌟యࢆືࡍࡇࡢ႐ࡧࢆ ࡋࡴࠋᡓ⾡ࡸືࡁࢆὙ⦎ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡛┦ᡭࢆ㥙ࡋࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ୰࡛㌟యࢆືࡍࡇࡢ႐ࡧࢆ ࢃ࠺ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ㐣⛬ࡸ⤖ᯝࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ᡂ㛗ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡑࡢࡇࡀ⚾ࡓࡕࡢ⏕άࢆ㇏ࡋࠊே ࢃ࠺ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ㐣⛬ࡸ⤖ᯝࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ᡂ㛗ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡑࡢࡇࡀ⚾ࡓࡕࡢ⏕άࢆ㇏ࡋࠊே 㛫ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆⓎᒎࡉࡏࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇࡣ࠸ඹ᭷ࡍࡿ࣮ࣝࣝࡸ࣐ࢼ࣮࠸ࡗࡓไᗘࠊࣛࢣࢵ 㛫ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆⓎᒎࡉࡏࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇࡣ࠸ඹ᭷ࡍࡿ࣮ࣝࣝࡸ࣐ࢼ࣮࠸ࡗࡓไᗘࠊࣛࢣࢵ ࢺࡸ㌴࠸ࡍࠊ࣮࣎ࣝ࠸ࡗࡓ≀㉁ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠊయࢆືࡍࡇࢆᴦࡋࢇࡔࡾࠊࡑࢀࡼࡗ࡚యຊࡸ ࢺࡸ㌴࠸ࡍࠊ࣮࣎ࣝ࠸ࡗࡓ≀㉁ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠊయࢆືࡍࡇࢆᴦࡋࢇࡔࡾࠊࡑࢀࡼࡗ࡚యຊࡸ ᗣࢆ⥔ᣢࡋࡓࡾࡋࡼ࠺ࡍࡿ⪃࠼᪉ࢆぢฟࡍࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡣᑡࡋࡎࡘኚࡋࡘࡘࡶୡ௦ࢆ ᗣࢆ⥔ᣢࡋࡓࡾࡋࡼ࠺ࡍࡿ⪃࠼᪉ࢆぢฟࡍࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡣᑡࡋࡎࡘኚࡋࡘࡘࡶୡ௦ࢆ ㉸࠼࡚⥅ᢎࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡃࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ㉸࠼࡚⥅ᢎࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡃࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࢁࡀࠊᡃࡀᅜ࡛ࡣࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᩥࢆูࡢࡶࡢࡋ࡚⪃࠼ࡿࡇࡀࡋࡤࡋࡤ࠶ࡿࠋᏛᰯࡢࢡࣛ ࡇࢁࡀࠊᡃࡀᅜ࡛ࡣࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᩥࢆูࡢࡶࡢࡋ࡚⪃࠼ࡿࡇࡀࡋࡤࡋࡤ࠶ࡿࠋᏛᰯࡢࢡࣛ ࣈࡣࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ⣔㸦㐠ື㒊㸧ᩥ⣔㸦ᩥ㒊㸧ศࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡋࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᗇᩥᗇࡣูࡢ⤌ ࣈࡣࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ⣔㸦㐠ື㒊㸧ᩥ⣔㸦ᩥ㒊㸧ศࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡋࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᗇᩥᗇࡣูࡢ⤌ ⧊࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊయ⫱⣔ࡢேࡣࡕࡽ࠸࠼ࡤ㢌ࢆ࠺๓యࢆ࠸ࠊᩥ⣔ࡢேࡣᑐࡢ ⧊࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊయ⫱⣔ࡢேࡣࡕࡽ࠸࠼ࡤ㢌ࢆ࠺๓యࢆ࠸ࠊᩥ⣔ࡢேࡣᑐࡢ ≉ᚩࢆࡶࡗࡓேᛮࢃࢀࡀࡕ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ㛵ࡍࡿႠࡳࡣ㡢ᴦࡸᩥᏛ࡞ࡢᩥⓗ ≉ᚩࢆࡶࡗࡓேᛮࢃࢀࡀࡕ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ㛵ࡍࡿႠࡳࡣ㡢ᴦࡸᩥᏛ࡞ࡢᩥⓗ ࡞Ⴀࡳࡼࡾࡶపࡃࡳࡽࢀࡿࡇࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡞Ⴀࡳࡼࡾࡶపࡃࡳࡽࢀࡿࡇࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ ⏕⏘ᛶࡢపࡗࡓ௦ࠊேࠎࡀḧồࢆᢚ࠼ࡿࡇ࡞ࡃࠊ࠾ࡶࡴࡃࡲࡲ⾜ືࡍࡿࡇࡣࠊࡢⅭ ⏕⏘ᛶࡢపࡗࡓ௦ࠊேࠎࡀḧồࢆᢚ࠼ࡿࡇ࡞ࡃࠊ࠾ࡶࡴࡃࡲࡲ⾜ືࡍࡿࡇࡣࠊࡢⅭ ᨻ⪅ࡽࡳࢀࡤ㦫␗ࡔࡗࡓࠋḧồࢆ‶ࡓࡏ࡞࠸ᗢẸࡀ‶ࢆᣢࡕࠊࡁ࡞ຊ࡞ࢀࡤᨭ㓄⪅ࡢᆅ ᨻ⪅ࡽࡳࢀࡤ㦫␗ࡔࡗࡓࠋḧồࢆ‶ࡓࡏ࡞࠸ᗢẸࡀ‶ࢆᣢࡕࠊࡁ࡞ຊ࡞ࢀࡤᨭ㓄⪅ࡢᆅ ࢆᦂࡿࡀࡋࡡ࡞࠸ࡽࡔࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊࡑࡢḧồࢆᢚ࠼ࡓࡾࠊ⢭⚄㌟యࡣูࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㌟ ࢆᦂࡿࡀࡋࡡ࡞࠸ࡽࡔࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊࡑࡢḧồࢆᢚ࠼ࡓࡾࠊ⢭⚄㌟యࡣูࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㌟ యࢆ⢭⚄ࡀࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝࡍࡁࡶࡢ࠸࠺ᚰ㌟ඖㄽࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࡀࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࡣ యࢆ⢭⚄ࡀࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝࡍࡁࡶࡢ࠸࠺ᚰ㌟ඖㄽࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࡀࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࡣ ㌟య㛵ࢃࡿ㐠ືࡸࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡣ⢭⚄ᛶࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡉࢀࡓࡢᩥࡣ㐪࠺ࡶࡢࠊࡑࢀࡼࡾࡶ౯್ࡢ ㌟య㛵ࢃࡿ㐠ືࡸࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡣ⢭⚄ᛶࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡉࢀࡓࡢᩥࡣ㐪࠺ࡶࡢࠊࡑࢀࡼࡾࡶ౯್ࡢ ప࠸ࡶࡢ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡉࡽࠊ⏕⏘ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ⤒῭ⓗ౯್ࡀ㔜どࡉࢀࡿ♫࠾࠸࡚ ప࠸ࡶࡢ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡉࡽࠊ⏕⏘ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ⤒῭ⓗ౯್ࡀ㔜どࡉࢀࡿ♫࠾࠸࡚ ࡣ⏕⏘ࢆకࢃ࡞࠸ࠊᾘ㈝ⓗ⾜Ⅽ࡛࠶ࡿࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡣࠕ࠾㐟ࡧࠖࡋ࡚㐨ᚨⓗࡶᝏ࠸ࡶࡢࡉࢀࡓࡢ ࡣ⏕⏘ࢆకࢃ࡞࠸ࠊᾘ㈝ⓗ⾜Ⅽ࡛࠶ࡿࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡣࠕ࠾㐟ࡧࠖࡋ࡚㐨ᚨⓗࡶᝏ࠸ࡶࡢࡉࢀࡓࡢ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ඛ㏙ࡢࡼ࠺ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡣᩥࡑࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋỴࡋ࡚ࡢᩥⓗ࡞Ⴀࡳẚ࡚౯್ࡢప࠸ࡶࡢ ඛ㏙ࡢࡼ࠺ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡣᩥࡑࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋỴࡋ࡚ࡢᩥⓗ࡞Ⴀࡳẚ࡚౯್ࡢప࠸ࡶࡢ ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆࠊே㛫ࡢ⮬↛࡞ḧồ࡛࠶ࡿయࢆືࡍࡇࡢ႐ࡧࢆࡼࡾὙ⦎ࡉࢀࡓ᪉ἲ࡛‶ ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆࠊே㛫ࡢ⮬↛࡞ḧồ࡛࠶ࡿయࢆືࡍࡇࡢ႐ࡧࢆࡼࡾὙ⦎ࡉࢀࡓ᪉ἲ࡛‶ ࡓࡋࠊ ⪅ࡢ㛵ಀࢆసࡾࠊ ேࠎࡢ⏕άࢆࡼࡾ㇏࡞ࡶࡢࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿᩥࡋ࡚⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇࡣࠊ ࡓࡋࠊ ⪅ࡢ㛵ಀࢆసࡾࠊ ேࠎࡢ⏕άࢆࡼࡾ㇏࡞ࡶࡢࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿᩥࡋ࡚⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇࡣࠊ ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆே㛫ࡗ࡚ᚲせ࡞౯್࠶ࡿࠊព⩏࠶ࡿᏑᅾࡋ࡚ㄆࡵࡿࡇ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆே㛫ࡗ࡚ᚲせ࡞౯್࠶ࡿࠊព⩏࠶ࡿᏑᅾࡋ࡚ㄆࡵࡿࡇ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ 䢢 䢢 17 17 㸦㸰㸧 ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᩥࡢᵓᡂせ⣲ 㸦㸰㸧 ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᩥࡢᵓᡂせ⣲ ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᩥࡣࢫ࣏࣮ࢶほࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶつ⠊ࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᢏ⾡࣭ᡓ␎࣭ᡓ⾡ࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ≀ⓗ≀ࡼ ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᩥࡣࢫ࣏࣮ࢶほࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶつ⠊ࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᢏ⾡࣭ᡓ␎࣭ᡓ⾡ࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ≀ⓗ≀ࡼ ࡗ࡚ᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶほࡣ ࠕࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆே㛫♫ࡗ࡚ᮃࡲࡋ࠸ࡶࡢࡋ࡚ពࡅࠊ ࡗ࡚ᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶほࡣ ࠕࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆே㛫♫ࡗ࡚ᮃࡲࡋ࠸ࡶࡢࡋ࡚ពࡅࠊ ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆᨭᣢࡋࠊṇᙜࡍࡿほᛕࠖ 㸦Ⳣཎ㸪㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞ࡐே㛫ࡗ࡚ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡣᚲせ࡞ࡢ ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆᨭᣢࡋࠊṇᙜࡍࡿほᛕࠖ 㸦Ⳣཎ㸪㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞ࡐே㛫ࡗ࡚ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡣᚲせ࡞ࡢ ࠊ♫ᑐࡋ࡚ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ꮡᅾព⩏ࢆᣢࡘࡢࠊ࠸࠺ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ౯್ࢆ♧ࡋࠊࡑࡢ ࠊ♫ᑐࡋ࡚ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ꮡᅾព⩏ࢆᣢࡘࡢࠊ࠸࠺ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ౯್ࢆ♧ࡋࠊࡑࡢ ព⩏ࡸ౯್ࡀᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡼ࠺ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ᪉ྥ࡙ࡅ࡚࠸ࡃ⪃࠼᪉ࡀࢫ࣏࣮ࢶほ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ព⩏ࡸ౯್ࡀᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡼ࠺ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ᪉ྥ࡙ࡅ࡚࠸ࡃ⪃࠼᪉ࡀࢫ࣏࣮ࢶほ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶほࡣࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᡭẁㄽࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ┠ⓗㄽࡢࡘศࡅࡽࢀࡿࠋࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᡭẁㄽࡣࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶほࡣࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᡭẁㄽࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ┠ⓗㄽࡢࡘศࡅࡽࢀࡿࠋࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᡭẁㄽࡣࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ ࢆ♫ⓗㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ౯್⤖ࡧࡘࡅࠊࡑࡢ♫ⓗ౯್ࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿᡭẁࡋ࡚⨨࡙ࡅࠊ ࢆ♫ⓗㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ౯್⤖ࡧࡘࡅࠊࡑࡢ♫ⓗ౯್ࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿᡭẁࡋ࡚⨨࡙ࡅࠊ ṇᙜࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡓ࠼ࡤࠊ ࠕே᱁ࡢᡂࢆ┠ᣦࡋࠊᖹ࡛Ẹⓗ࡞ᅜᐙཬࡧ♫ࡢᙧᡂ⪅ ṇᙜࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡓ࠼ࡤࠊ ࠕே᱁ࡢᡂࢆ┠ᣦࡋࠊᖹ࡛Ẹⓗ࡞ᅜᐙཬࡧ♫ࡢᙧᡂ⪅ ࡋ࡚ᚲせ࡞㈨㉁ࢆഛ࠼ࡓᚰ㌟ࡶᗣ࡞ᅜẸࡢ⫱ᡂࠖ 㸦ᩍ⫱ᇶᮏἲ➨ ᮲㸧ࡢࡓࡵࡢᡭẁࡋ࡚ ࡋ࡚ᚲせ࡞㈨㉁ࢆഛ࠼ࡓᚰ㌟ࡶᗣ࡞ᅜẸࡢ⫱ᡂࠖ 㸦ᩍ⫱ᇶᮏἲ➨ ᮲㸧ࡢࡓࡵࡢᡭẁࡋ࡚ ⨨࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡣᩍ⫱ⓗ౯್⤖ࡧࡘ࠸࡚ṇᙜࡉࢀࠊ ࠕయ⫱ࠖࡋ࡚Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᗣࡸ ⨨࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡣᩍ⫱ⓗ౯್⤖ࡧࡘ࠸࡚ṇᙜࡉࢀࠊ ࠕయ⫱ࠖࡋ࡚Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᗣࡸ యຊࡢ⥔ᣢቑ㐍ࡢࡓࡵࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡶྠᵝࡢ♫ⓗ౯್⤖ࡧࡘࡁࠊࡑࡢᡭẁࡋ࡚⨨࡙ࡃࡇ యຊࡢ⥔ᣢቑ㐍ࡢࡓࡵࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡶྠᵝࡢ♫ⓗ౯್⤖ࡧࡘࡁࠊࡑࡢᡭẁࡋ࡚⨨࡙ࡃࡇ ࡛ṇᙜࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡛ṇᙜࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡇࢀᑐࡋ࡚ࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ┠ⓗㄽࡣࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆࡍࡿࡇ⮬యព⩏౯್ࢆぢฟࡍࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢫ ࡇࢀᑐࡋ࡚ࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ┠ⓗㄽࡣࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆࡍࡿࡇ⮬యព⩏౯್ࢆぢฟࡍࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢫ ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ⾜࠺㐣⛬࡛⤒㦂ࡍࡿ႐ࡧࡸᝒࡋࡳࠊᴦࡋࡳࡸⱞࡋࡳࠊẼᣢࡕࡢࡼࡉ౯್ࢆㄆࡵࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ⾜࠺㐣⛬࡛⤒㦂ࡍࡿ႐ࡧࡸᝒࡋࡳࠊᴦࡋࡳࡸⱞࡋࡳࠊẼᣢࡕࡢࡼࡉ౯್ࢆㄆࡵࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇࢆṇᙜࡍࡿࡢࡀࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ┠ⓗㄽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠕࡃ㔝⌫ࢆࡍࡿࡇࡀᴦࡋ࠸ࠖ ࠕ↓ᚰ࡛ ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇࢆṇᙜࡍࡿࡢࡀࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ┠ⓗㄽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠕࡃ㔝⌫ࢆࡍࡿࡇࡀᴦࡋ࠸ࠖ ࠕ↓ᚰ࡛ ࣮࣎ࣝࢆ㏣࠺ࡇࡀࢧࢵ࣮࢝ࡢ㨩ຊࠖ࠸࠺ゝⴥࡣࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ┠ⓗㄽືᶵ࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡓࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᐇ㊶ ࣮࣎ࣝࢆ㏣࠺ࡇࡀࢧࢵ࣮࢝ࡢ㨩ຊࠖ࠸࠺ゝⴥࡣࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ┠ⓗㄽືᶵ࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡓࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᐇ㊶ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ ࠕࣜࣁࣅࣜࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᝈ⪅ࡋ࡚࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࣐ࣥࡋ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ ࠕࣜࣁࣅࣜࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᝈ⪅ࡋ࡚࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࣐ࣥࡋ ࡚ࡳ࡚ࡋ࠸ࠖ࠸࠺㞀ᐖ⪅ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ㑅ᡭࡢゝⴥࡣࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ་⒪ⓗ࡞౯್⤖ࡧࡘࡅ࡚ṇᙜ ࡚ࡳ࡚ࡋ࠸ࠖ࠸࠺㞀ᐖ⪅ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ㑅ᡭࡢゝⴥࡣࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ་⒪ⓗ࡞౯್⤖ࡧࡘࡅ࡚ṇᙜ ࡍࡿࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᡭẁㄽࡽࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ⮬య౯್ࢆㄆࡵࡿࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ┠ⓗㄽࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶほ ࡍࡿࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᡭẁㄽࡽࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ⮬య౯್ࢆㄆࡵࡿࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ┠ⓗㄽࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶほ ࡢኚࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡶࡢゝ࠼ࡿࠋࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡀ♫࠾࠸࡚⮬❧ⓗᏑᅾࡋࠊ⊂⮬ࡢᩥⓗ౯್ࢆㄆࡵ ࡢኚࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡶࡢゝ࠼ࡿࠋࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡀ♫࠾࠸࡚⮬❧ⓗᏑᅾࡋࠊ⊂⮬ࡢᩥⓗ౯್ࢆㄆࡵ ࡽࢀࡿࡓࡵࡣࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ┠ⓗㄽᇶ࡙࠸ࡓࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ౯್ࡀከࡃࡢேࠎㄆࡵࡽࢀࠊᣦᑟ⪅ࡽ㑅 ࡽࢀࡿࡓࡵࡣࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ┠ⓗㄽᇶ࡙࠸ࡓࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ౯್ࡀከࡃࡢேࠎㄆࡵࡽࢀࠊᣦᑟ⪅ࡽ㑅 ᡭࡑࡋ࡚ḟࡢୡ௦⥅ᢎࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ ᡭࡑࡋ࡚ḟࡢୡ௦⥅ᢎࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡢᩥⓗ౯್⤖ࡧࡘ࠸࡚ࡋࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ౯್ࡀぢ࠸ࡔࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊࡓ࠼ࡤᩍ⫱ⓗ ࡢᩥⓗ౯್⤖ࡧࡘ࠸࡚ࡋࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ౯್ࡀぢ࠸ࡔࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊࡓ࠼ࡤᩍ⫱ⓗ ౯್ࡢᐇ⌧ࡢࡓࡵࡣࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ௨እࡢᡭẁࡀ᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡿࠊ㔠࣓ࢲࣝࡀྲྀࢀ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤᨻ ౯್ࡢᐇ⌧ࡢࡓࡵࡣࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ௨እࡢᡭẁࡀ᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡿࠊ㔠࣓ࢲࣝࡀྲྀࢀ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤᨻ ⓗࣉࣟࣃ࢞ࣥࢲࡋ࡚ࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢᏑᅾ౯್ࡣ࡞࠸ࡉࢀࡓྠࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢᏑᅾព⩏ࡶ࡞ࡃ࡞ ⓗࣉࣟࣃ࢞ࣥࢲࡋ࡚ࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢᏑᅾ౯್ࡣ࡞࠸ࡉࢀࡓྠࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢᏑᅾព⩏ࡶ࡞ࡃ࡞ ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⾜ࡁ㐣ࡂࡓၟᴗ⩏ࡸᨻⓗ࡞ධࡼࡾࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ⤖ᯝࡢࡳࡀ㔜せどࡉ ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⾜ࡁ㐣ࡂࡓၟᴗ⩏ࡸᨻⓗ࡞ධࡼࡾࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ⤖ᯝࡢࡳࡀ㔜せどࡉ ࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ഴྥࡣࡑࡢ๓ゝ࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋ ࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ഴྥࡣࡑࡢ๓ゝ࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋ ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶෆᅾⓗ࡞౯್ࡣࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ⮬యぢ࠸ࡔࡉࢀࡿ౯್࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶෆᅾⓗ࡞౯್ࡣࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ⮬యぢ࠸ࡔࡉࢀࡿ౯್࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ ࡍࡿ୰࡛⮬ᕫᡂ㛗ࡍࡿࡇࠊヨྜ๓ࡢ⥭ᙇឤࠊ㌟యࢆືࡍࡇࡢࡢẼᣢࡕࡼࡉࡸᛌឤࠊࣇ࢛࣮࣓ ࡍࡿ୰࡛⮬ᕫᡂ㛗ࡍࡿࡇࠊヨྜ๓ࡢ⥭ᙇឤࠊ㌟యࢆືࡍࡇࡢࡢẼᣢࡕࡼࡉࡸᛌឤࠊࣇ࢛࣮࣓ ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࣉ࣮ࣞࡀぢỴࡲࡗࡓࡢ∝ᛌឤࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ୰࡛ಙ㢗㛵ಀࢆᇵ࠸௰㛫ࢆಙࡌ࡚ࣉ࣮ࣞ ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࣉ࣮ࣞࡀぢỴࡲࡗࡓࡢ∝ᛌឤࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ୰࡛ಙ㢗㛵ಀࢆᇵ࠸௰㛫ࢆಙࡌ࡚ࣉ࣮ࣞ ࡍࡿࡇࡢ႐ࡧࠊ┠ᶆࢆ㐩ᡂࡋࡓゼࢀࡿឤືࠊ┠ᶆࢆ㐩ᡂ࡛ࡁࡎࢃ࠺ᢡឤࠊ㐠ື୰ឤ ࡍࡿࡇࡢ႐ࡧࠊ┠ᶆࢆ㐩ᡂࡋࡓゼࢀࡿឤືࠊ┠ᶆࢆ㐩ᡂ࡛ࡁࡎࢃ࠺ᢡឤࠊ㐠ື୰ឤ ࡌࡿ㌟యⓗ࡞ⱞࡋࡉࡸࡑࢀࡽ㏨ࢀࡽࢀࡓࡁࡢ㛤ᨺឤ࡞ࡀࡑࢀ࠶ࡓࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⤒㦂ࢆࡍࡿ ࡌࡿ㌟యⓗ࡞ⱞࡋࡉࡸࡑࢀࡽ㏨ࢀࡽࢀࡓࡁࡢ㛤ᨺឤ࡞ࡀࡑࢀ࠶ࡓࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⤒㦂ࢆࡍࡿ ࡇ⮬యࡀࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢᴦࡋࡉ࡛࠶ࡾࠊෆᅾⓗ౯್ゝ࠼ࡿࠋ ࡇ⮬యࡀࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢᴦࡋࡉ࡛࠶ࡾࠊෆᅾⓗ౯್ゝ࠼ࡿࠋ ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶつ⠊ࡣࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢᩥⓗ≉ᛶ 㸦♫ⓗ౯್㸧 ࢆᐇ⌧ࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࡢ࣮࡛ࣝࣝ࠶ࡾࠊ ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶつ⠊ࡣࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢᩥⓗ≉ᛶ 㸦♫ⓗ౯್㸧 ࢆᐇ⌧ࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࡢ࣮࡛ࣝࣝ࠶ࡾࠊ ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢᩥⓗရࢆᢸಖࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࢫ࣏࣮ࢶつ⠊ࡣ➼ࡢཧຍ㈨᱁つᐃࠊ➇ᢏ ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢᩥⓗရࢆᢸಖࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࢫ࣏࣮ࢶつ⠊ࡣ➼ࡢཧຍ㈨᱁つᐃࠊ➇ᢏ 18 18 つ๎ࠊࢡࣛࢫศࡅつᐃࠊࣥࢳࢻ࣮ࣆࣥࢢつᐃࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ㛵㐃⤌⧊ࡢෆ㒊つ⣙ࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࣐ࣥࢩࢵ つ๎ࠊࢡࣛࢫศࡅつᐃࠊࣥࢳࢻ࣮ࣆࣥࢢつᐃࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ㛵㐃⤌⧊ࡢෆ㒊つ⣙ࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࣐ࣥࢩࢵ ࣉࡸࣇ࢙ࣉࣞࡢ⢭⚄࡞ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࢫ࣏࣮ࢶつ⠊ࡣࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ౯್ࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡓࡵᐃࡵࡽࢀࡓ ࣉࡸࣇ࢙ࣉࣞࡢ⢭⚄࡞ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࢫ࣏࣮ࢶつ⠊ࡣࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ౯್ࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡓࡵᐃࡵࡽࢀࡓ ⾜ື‽๎࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶつ⠊ࡀ㑂Ᏺࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡛ࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ౯್ࡣ♫ ⾜ື‽๎࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶつ⠊ࡀ㑂Ᏺࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡛ࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ౯್ࡣ♫ ⓗㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ㐪ࡣࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ♫ⓗ౯್ࡢᐇ⌧ࢆᨺᲠࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ ⓗㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ㐪ࡣࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ♫ⓗ౯್ࡢᐇ⌧ࢆᨺᲠࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶつ⠊ࡣ➇ᢏࡍࡿ㑅ᡭࡓࡕࡢබᖹᛶࢆಖࡕࠊᏳᛶࢆᢸಖࡋࠊ➇ᢏࢆ㏿ࡸ㐠Ⴀࡋࠊ➇ ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶつ⠊ࡣ➇ᢏࡍࡿ㑅ᡭࡓࡕࡢබᖹᛶࢆಖࡕࠊᏳᛶࢆᢸಖࡋࠊ➇ᢏࢆ㏿ࡸ㐠Ⴀࡋࠊ➇ ᢏࡢᴦࡋࡳࢆᦆ࡞ࢃࡏ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋつ⠊ࡀ᫂♧ࡉࢀࠊ㛵ಀ⪅ඹ᭷ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡛ࢫ࣏ ᢏࡢᴦࡋࡳࢆᦆ࡞ࢃࡏ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋつ⠊ࡀ᫂♧ࡉࢀࠊ㛵ಀ⪅ඹ᭷ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡛ࢫ࣏ ࣮ࢶࡢ㏱᫂ᛶබ᫂ᛶࡀᢸಖࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࣮ࢶࡢ㏱᫂ᛶබ᫂ᛶࡀᢸಖࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᢏ⾡ࡣࠕࢫ࣏࣮ࢶつ⠊ᚑࡗ࡚ࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ┠ᶆࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵ㑅ᢥࡉࢀࡓ⤌⧊ⓗ ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᢏ⾡ࡣࠕࢫ࣏࣮ࢶつ⠊ᚑࡗ࡚ࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ┠ᶆࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵ㑅ᢥࡉࢀࡓ⤌⧊ⓗ ࡞㐠ືࡢ᪉ࠖ㸦Ⳣཎ㸪 3㸧ᐃ⩏ࡉࢀࡿࠋࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ┠ᶆࡣࢧࢵ࣮࢝ࡸ㌴࠸ࡍࣂࢫࢣࢵ ࡞㐠ືࡢ᪉ࠖ㸦Ⳣཎ㸪 3㸧ᐃ⩏ࡉࢀࡿࠋࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ┠ᶆࡣࢧࢵ࣮࢝ࡸ㌴࠸ࡍࣂࢫࢣࢵ ࢺ࣮࡛࣎ࣝ࠶ࢀࡤࢩ࣮ࣗࢺࡋ࡚ᚓⅬࡍࡿࡇࠊࢲࣥࢫ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊឤࡸ⥴ࠊᵝࠎ࡞ࢫࢺ࣮࣮ࣜࢆ ࢺ࣮࡛࣎ࣝ࠶ࢀࡤࢩ࣮ࣗࢺࡋ࡚ᚓⅬࡍࡿࡇࠊࢲࣥࢫ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊឤࡸ⥴ࠊᵝࠎ࡞ࢫࢺ࣮࣮ࣜࢆ ⾲⌧ࡍࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࡢࣇ࢛࣮࣓࣮ࢩࣙࣥࣉ࣮ࣞࡸࣃࢫࠊࢩ࣮ࣗࢺࡢ᪉ἲࠊయࡢືࡋ᪉ ⾲⌧ࡍࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࡢࣇ࢛࣮࣓࣮ࢩࣙࣥࣉ࣮ࣞࡸࣃࢫࠊࢩ࣮ࣗࢺࡢ᪉ἲࠊయࡢືࡋ᪉ ࡸ⾲⌧᪉ἲ࡞ࡀྛ➇ᢏ≉᭷ࡢᢏ⾡࡛࠶ࡿࠋ➇ᢏ⪅ࡸ㋀ࡾᡭࡣࢤ࣮࣒ࡸ⾲⌧ࡋࡓ࠸ࡇࡼࡗ࡚ ࡸ⾲⌧᪉ἲ࡞ࡀྛ➇ᢏ≉᭷ࡢᢏ⾡࡛࠶ࡿࠋ➇ᢏ⪅ࡸ㋀ࡾᡭࡣࢤ࣮࣒ࡸ⾲⌧ࡋࡓ࠸ࡇࡼࡗ࡚ ࡑࢀࡽࡢᢏ⾡ࢆ㑅ᢥⓗ⤌⧊ࡋࠊᚓⅬࡸࢦ࣮ࣝࠊ༳㇟ṧࡿືࡁࢆ┠ᣦࡍࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡑࢀࡽࡢᢏ⾡ࢆ㑅ᢥⓗ⤌⧊ࡋࠊᚓⅬࡸࢦ࣮ࣝࠊ༳㇟ṧࡿືࡁࢆ┠ᣦࡍࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢᡓ⾡ࡣྛ➇ᢏ⪅ࡸࢳ࣮࣒ࡀࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ┠ᶆࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵ≧ἣᛂࡌ࡚ྜ⌮ⓗ ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢᡓ⾡ࡣྛ➇ᢏ⪅ࡸࢳ࣮࣒ࡀࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ┠ᶆࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵ≧ἣᛂࡌ࡚ྜ⌮ⓗ ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᢏ⾡ࢆ㑅ᢥࡋࠊࣉ࣮ࣞࡍࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢧࢵ࣮࡛࢝ࣇ࣮ࣜ࢟ࢵࢡࡢ㝿┦ᡭࡢࢹࣇ࢙ࣥ ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᢏ⾡ࢆ㑅ᢥࡋࠊࣉ࣮ࣞࡍࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢧࢵ࣮࡛࢝ࣇ࣮ࣜ࢟ࢵࢡࡢ㝿┦ᡭࡢࢹࣇ࢙ࣥ ࢲ࣮ࡢ࣏ࢪࢩࣙࣥࢆぢ࡚┤᥋ࢦ࣮ࣝࢆ≺࠺ࡢㄡࡢ㢌ྜࢃࡏ࡚࢟ࢵࢡࡍࡿࡢࠊࡑࡢࡓࡵ ࢲ࣮ࡢ࣏ࢪࢩࣙࣥࢆぢ࡚┤᥋ࢦ࣮ࣝࢆ≺࠺ࡢㄡࡢ㢌ྜࢃࡏ࡚࢟ࢵࢡࡍࡿࡢࠊࡑࡢࡓࡵ ࡢ㑅ᡭࡣ࠺㐃ᦠࡋ࡚ືࡃࡢࠋ➇Ὃ࡛┦ᡭࢆぢ࡚ࢫࣆ࣮ࢻࡢ㓄ศࢆ࠺ࡍࡿࡢỴࡵࡓࡾࠊࣂࢧ ࡢ㑅ᡭࡣ࠺㐃ᦠࡋ࡚ືࡃࡢࠋ➇Ὃ࡛┦ᡭࢆぢ࡚ࢫࣆ࣮ࢻࡢ㓄ศࢆ࠺ࡍࡿࡢỴࡵࡓࡾࠊࣂࢧ ࣟ࢟ࢵࢡ࡞Ỉ୰Ὃࢆఱ࣓࣮ࢺࣝࡲ࡛⾜࠺Ỵࡵࡓࡾࡍࡿࡇࡀᡓ⾡࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࣟ࢟ࢵࢡ࡞Ỉ୰Ὃࢆఱ࣓࣮ࢺࣝࡲ࡛⾜࠺Ỵࡵࡓࡾࡍࡿࡇࡀᡓ⾡࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᡓ␎ࡣࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᡓ⾡ࢆࡢᮇᐇࡍࡿࡢࠊ㑅ᡭࡢ㉳⏝ࢆ࠺ࡍࡿࡢ࡞ࠊࠕ㛗ᮇ ᡓ␎ࡣࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᡓ⾡ࢆࡢᮇᐇࡍࡿࡢࠊ㑅ᡭࡢ㉳⏝ࢆ࠺ࡍࡿࡢ࡞ࠊࠕ㛗ᮇ ⓗ࡞┠ᶆ㐩ᡂࡢࡓࡵࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᡓ⾡ࡢ㑅ᢥⓗ࡞ᵓᡂࡢ᪉ࠖ㸦Ⳣཎ㸪 3㸧ࡢࡇࢆ࠸࠺ࠋࣉ ⓗ࡞┠ᶆ㐩ᡂࡢࡓࡵࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᡓ⾡ࡢ㑅ᢥⓗ࡞ᵓᡂࡢ᪉ࠖ㸦Ⳣཎ㸪 3㸧ࡢࡇࢆ࠸࠺ࠋࣉ ࣟ㔝⌫࡛ࠊ㛗࠸࣌ࢼࣥࢺ࣮ࣞࢫࢆぢ㉺ࡋ࡚ࠊ୍ࡘࡢヨྜඛⓎࣆࢵࢳ࣮ࣕࢆ ே ேࡘࡂ㎸ࡴࡢ ࣟ㔝⌫࡛ࠊ㛗࠸࣌ࢼࣥࢺ࣮ࣞࢫࢆぢ㉺ࡋ࡚ࠊ୍ࡘࡢヨྜඛⓎࣆࢵࢳ࣮ࣕࢆ ே ேࡘࡂ㎸ࡴࡢ ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ࣮ࣟࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ⤌ࡳࠊඛⓎࠊ୰⥅ࡂ࠾ࡉ࠼ᙺศᢸࢆࡋ࡚࣮ࣜࢢඃࢆ┠ᣦࡍࡇ ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ࣮ࣟࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ⤌ࡳࠊඛⓎࠊ୰⥅ࡂ࠾ࡉ࠼ᙺศᢸࢆࡋ࡚࣮ࣜࢢඃࢆ┠ᣦࡍࡇ ࡞ࡣᡓ␎ࡢዲ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡞ࡣᡓ␎ࡢዲ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ≀ⓗ≀ࡣࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᚲせ࡞タ࣭タഛࠊ⏝ჾලࠊ⾰᭹࡞ࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽ ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ≀ⓗ≀ࡣࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᚲせ࡞タ࣭タഛࠊ⏝ჾලࠊ⾰᭹࡞ࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽ ࡣࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ┠ᶆࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿ㐣⛬࡛Ᏻᛶࢆ☜ಖࡋࡓࡾࠊᖹ➼ᛶࢆᢸಖࡋࡓࡾࠊ㐠ືࢆࡼࡾຠ⋡ⓗ ࡣࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ┠ᶆࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿ㐣⛬࡛Ᏻᛶࢆ☜ಖࡋࡓࡾࠊᖹ➼ᛶࢆᢸಖࡋࡓࡾࠊ㐠ືࢆࡼࡾຠ⋡ⓗ ྜ⌮ⓗ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃࡓࡵᚲせྍḞࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽࠊ㞀ᐖ⪅ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ㡿ᇦ࡛ࡣ㞀ᐖࡢ࠶ ྜ⌮ⓗ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃࡓࡵᚲせྍḞࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽࠊ㞀ᐖ⪅ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ㡿ᇦ࡛ࡣ㞀ᐖࡢ࠶ ࡿேࠎࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶཧຍࢆᨭࡋࠊಖ㞀ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡶᚲせ࡞ࡶࡢ࡞ࡿࠋ ࡿேࠎࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶཧຍࢆᨭࡋࠊಖ㞀ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡶᚲせ࡞ࡶࡢ࡞ࡿࠋ ࡇࢀࡽࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᩥࡢᵓᡂせ⣲࡛࠶ࡿࢫ࣏࣮ࢶほࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶつ⠊ࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᢏ⾡࣭ᡓ⾡࣭ᡓ␎ࠊ ࡇࢀࡽࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᩥࡢᵓᡂせ⣲࡛࠶ࡿࢫ࣏࣮ࢶほࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶつ⠊ࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᢏ⾡࣭ᡓ⾡࣭ᡓ␎ࠊ ࡑࡋ࡚ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ≀ⓗ≀ࡣ┦㛵㐃ࡋ࠶ࡗ࡚Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆࣜࣁࣅࣜࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢᡭ ࡑࡋ࡚ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ≀ⓗ≀ࡣ┦㛵㐃ࡋ࠶ࡗ࡚Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆࣜࣁࣅࣜࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢᡭ ẁࡋ࡚⾜࠺➇ᢏࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡋ࡚⾜࠺ࡣࢫ࣏࣮ࢶつ⠊ࡢ㐺⏝ࡢཝᐦࡉࡸࢺ࣮ࣞࢽࣥࢢࡢ᪉ἲࡸ ẁࡋ࡚⾜࠺➇ᢏࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡋ࡚⾜࠺ࡣࢫ࣏࣮ࢶつ⠊ࡢ㐺⏝ࡢཝᐦࡉࡸࢺ࣮ࣞࢽࣥࢢࡢ᪉ἲࡸ ෆᐜ㛵ಀࡍࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡲࡓࠊ ᪂⣲ᮦࡢ⩏㊊ࡸࡼࡾὙ⦎ࡉࢀࡓᶵ⬟ࡢ㌴࠸ࡍࡢⓏሙࡣ㉮ࡾ᪉ࡸࠊ ෆᐜ㛵ಀࡍࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡲࡓࠊ ᪂⣲ᮦࡢ⩏㊊ࡸࡼࡾὙ⦎ࡉࢀࡓᶵ⬟ࡢ㌴࠸ࡍࡢⓏሙࡣ㉮ࡾ᪉ࡸࠊ ࣮ࣞࢫᒎ㛤࠸ࡗࡓࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᢏ⾡ࡸᡓ⾡ࡁࡃᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࡋࠊ➇ᢏつ๎ࡸཧຍつ⛬ࡢ ࣮ࣞࢫᒎ㛤࠸ࡗࡓࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᢏ⾡ࡸᡓ⾡ࡁࡃᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࡋࠊ➇ᢏつ๎ࡸཧຍつ⛬ࡢ ኚ᭦ࡀవ࡞ࡃࡉࢀࡿሙྜࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺୍ࡘࡢつ⠊ࠊ୍ࡘࡢ⏝ලࡢኚࡸ㐍ࡣࡢ ኚ᭦ࡀవ࡞ࡃࡉࢀࡿሙྜࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺୍ࡘࡢつ⠊ࠊ୍ࡘࡢ⏝ලࡢኚࡸ㐍ࡣࡢ ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᩥࡢᵓᡂせ⣲ࡁ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᩥࡢᵓᡂせ⣲ࡁ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 19 19 㸰 㞀ᐖ⪅ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢᩥⓗ≉ᛶ 㸰 㞀ᐖ⪅ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢᩥⓗ≉ᛶ 㸦㸯㸧 ࢡࣛࢫศࡅᣢࡕⅬไ 㸦㸯㸧 ࢡࣛࢫศࡅᣢࡕⅬไ 㞀ᐖ⪅ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢᩥⓗ࡞≉ᛶࡣᇶᮏⓗࡇࢀࡲ࡛㏙࡚ࡁࡓࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ≉ᛶྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ 㞀ᐖ⪅ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢᩥⓗ࡞≉ᛶࡣᇶᮏⓗࡇࢀࡲ࡛㏙࡚ࡁࡓࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ≉ᛶྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ㌟యⓗ࡞ᶵ⬟ࡸ▱ⓗⓎ㐩ẁ㝵ࡀྠࡌ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆฟⓎⅬࡍࡿࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞ ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ㌟యⓗ࡞ᶵ⬟ࡸ▱ⓗⓎ㐩ẁ㝵ࡀྠࡌ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆฟⓎⅬࡍࡿࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞ ࠸≉ᚩࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࡶᐇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠸≉ᚩࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࡶᐇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡑࡢࡦࡘࡣࠊࢡࣛࢫศࡅࡸᣢࡕⅬไ࠸ࡗࡓไᗘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢡࣛࢫศࡅࡣᇶᮏⓗࠊ㞀ᐖࡢෆᐜ ࡑࡢࡦࡘࡣࠊࢡࣛࢫศࡅࡸᣢࡕⅬไ࠸ࡗࡓไᗘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢡࣛࢫศࡅࡣᇶᮏⓗࠊ㞀ᐖࡢෆᐜ ࡸ㔜ࡉࡼࡗ࡚ࢡࣛࢫࢆศࡅࠊྠࡌࢡࣛࢫࡢேࡓࡕ࠺ࡋࡀ➇தࡍࡿ࠸࠺ไᗘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㝣ୖ➇ᢏ ࡸ㔜ࡉࡼࡗ࡚ࢡࣛࢫࢆศࡅࠊྠࡌࢡࣛࢫࡢேࡓࡕ࠺ࡋࡀ➇தࡍࡿ࠸࠺ไᗘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㝣ୖ➇ᢏ ࡸỈὋ➇ᢏ࡞➇ᢏࡼࡗ࡚ࡣ㌟యⓗ࡞≧ἣࡼࡗ࡚᭷࣭ࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࠋࡇࡢᖹ➼ࡉࢆ᭱ᑠ㝈 ࡸỈὋ➇ᢏ࡞➇ᢏࡼࡗ࡚ࡣ㌟యⓗ࡞≧ἣࡼࡗ࡚᭷࣭ࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࠋࡇࡢᖹ➼ࡉࢆ᭱ᑠ㝈 ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ⤌ࡳࡀࢡࣛࢫศࡅ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࢀࡼࡾࠊ 㞀ᐖࡢ㔜࠸ேࡶࡢࢳࣕࣥࢫࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࠊ ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ⤌ࡳࡀࢡࣛࢫศࡅ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࢀࡼࡾࠊ 㞀ᐖࡢ㔜࠸ேࡶࡢࢳࣕࣥࢫࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࠊ ᖹ➼ᛶࡀᢸಖࡉࢀࡿࠋ ᖹ➼ᛶࡀᢸಖࡉࢀࡿࠋ ᣢࡕⅬไࡣࢳ࣮࣒ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࡞ぢࡽࢀࡿไᗘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠼ࡤ㌴࠸ࡍࣂࢫࢣࢵࢺ࣮࡛࣎ࣝࡣ㞀ᐖ ᣢࡕⅬไࡣࢳ࣮࣒ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࡞ぢࡽࢀࡿไᗘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠼ࡤ㌴࠸ࡍࣂࢫࢣࢵࢺ࣮࡛࣎ࣝࡣ㞀ᐖ ࡢෆᐜࡸ㌟యᶵ⬟ࡼࡗ࡚ᣢࡕⅬࡀỴࡲࡾࠊ ࢥ࣮ࢺ࡛ࣉ࣮ࣞࡍࡿ㸳ேࡢᣢࡕⅬࡢྜィࡀ Ⅼ௨ୗ࡛ ࡢෆᐜࡸ㌟యᶵ⬟ࡼࡗ࡚ᣢࡕⅬࡀỴࡲࡾࠊ ࢥ࣮ࢺ࡛ࣉ࣮ࣞࡍࡿ㸳ேࡢᣢࡕⅬࡢྜィࡀ Ⅼ௨ୗ࡛ ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡣ㌟యᶵ⬟ࣞ࣋ࣝࡀప࠸ேࡽ㧗࠸ேࡲ࡛࠸ࡿࡇࢆ๓ᥦࡋࡓไᗘ࡛ࠊ ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡣ㌟యᶵ⬟ࣞ࣋ࣝࡀప࠸ேࡽ㧗࠸ேࡲ࡛࠸ࡿࡇࢆ๓ᥦࡋࡓไᗘ࡛ࠊ ࢳ࣮࣒㛫ࡢබᖹᛶࢆಖࡘྠࠊ㌟యᶵ⬟ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢప࠸ேࡢཧຍࢆಖ㞀ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࢳ࣮࣒㛫ࡢබᖹᛶࢆಖࡘྠࠊ㌟యᶵ⬟ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢప࠸ேࡢཧຍࢆಖ㞀ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢᣢࡕⅬไࡘ࠸࡚Ἑす㸦㸧ࡣ㌟య⬟ຊࡢᕪࢆࢳ࣮࣒ᚲ㡲ࡢᙺኚᐜࡉࡏࡿࢩࢫࢸ ࡇࡢᣢࡕⅬไࡘ࠸࡚Ἑす㸦㸧ࡣ㌟య⬟ຊࡢᕪࢆࢳ࣮࣒ᚲ㡲ࡢᙺኚᐜࡉࡏࡿࢩࢫࢸ ࣒ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࠋ㌴࠸ࡍࣂࢫࢣࢵࢺ࣮࣎ࣝࡢሙྜࠊ㞀ᐖࡢ㍍࠸ேࡤࡾ࡛ࡣࢳ࣮࣒ࢆ⤌ࡵ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊ ࣒ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࠋ㌴࠸ࡍࣂࢫࢣࢵࢺ࣮࣎ࣝࡢሙྜࠊ㞀ᐖࡢ㍍࠸ேࡤࡾ࡛ࡣࢳ࣮࣒ࢆ⤌ࡵ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊ ᚲࡎ㞀ᐖࡢ㔜࠸ேࡀᚲせ࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ㞀ᐖࡀ㔜ࡃ㌟యᶵ⬟ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢపࡃ࡚ࡶࠊࢳ࣮࣒ࡣ࡞ࡃ ᚲࡎ㞀ᐖࡢ㔜࠸ேࡀᚲせ࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ㞀ᐖࡀ㔜ࡃ㌟యᶵ⬟ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢపࡃ࡚ࡶࠊࢳ࣮࣒ࡣ࡞ࡃ ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚ࡑࢀᛂࡌࡓ࣏ࢪࢩࣙࣥᙺࡀ࠼ࡽࢀ㈐௵ࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࠋ୍⯡ࡢࣂࢫࢣࢵ ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚ࡑࢀᛂࡌࡓ࣏ࢪࢩࣙࣥᙺࡀ࠼ࡽࢀ㈐௵ࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࠋ୍⯡ࡢࣂࢫࢣࢵ ࢺ࣮࡛࣎ࣝࡣ㌟య⬟ຊࡢຎࡿேࡣࣞࢠ࣮ࣗࣛࡋ࡚ࢤ࣮࣒ฟࡿࡇࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸ࠋ㌴࠸ࡍࣂࢫࢣࢵࢺ ࢺ࣮࡛࣎ࣝࡣ㌟య⬟ຊࡢຎࡿேࡣࣞࢠ࣮ࣗࣛࡋ࡚ࢤ࣮࣒ฟࡿࡇࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸ࠋ㌴࠸ࡍࣂࢫࢣࢵࢺ ࣮࣎ࣝࡢሙྜࡣᣢࡕⅬไࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡛ࡑࢀࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡿࠋ ࣮࣎ࣝࡢሙྜࡣᣢࡕⅬไࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡛ࡑࢀࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡿࠋ ࡇࢀࡣ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡣ࡞࠸Ⓨ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ 㞀ᐖ⪅ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ⊂⮬ࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶつ⠊࠸࠼ࡿࠋ ࡇࢀࡣ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡣ࡞࠸Ⓨ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ 㞀ᐖ⪅ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ⊂⮬ࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶつ⠊࠸࠼ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢ᪉ἲࡣ⏨ዪ୍⥴ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡾࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢⱞᡭ࡞ேᚓព࡞ேࡀ୍⥴ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆࡸ ࡇࡢ᪉ἲࡣ⏨ዪ୍⥴ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡾࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢⱞᡭ࡞ேᚓព࡞ேࡀ୍⥴ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆࡸ ࡗࡓࡾࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㞀ᐖࡢ࠶ࡿே࡞࠸ேࡀ୍⥴ࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ⾜࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ሙྜࡶ⏕ࡏࡿࡸࡾ᪉࡛ ࡗࡓࡾࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㞀ᐖࡢ࠶ࡿே࡞࠸ேࡀ୍⥴ࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ⾜࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ሙྜࡶ⏕ࡏࡿࡸࡾ᪉࡛ ࠶ࡾࠊ㞀ᐖ⪅ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢୡ⏺ࡽࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞ᥦゝ࠼ࡿࠋ ࠶ࡾࠊ㞀ᐖ⪅ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢୡ⏺ࡽࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞ᥦゝ࠼ࡿࠋ 㸦㸰㸧 ࢲࣉࢸࢵࢻ࣭ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ⪃࠼᪉ 㸦㸰㸧 ࢲࣉࢸࢵࢻ࣭ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ⪃࠼᪉ ࡘ┠ࡣࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆே㛫ྜࢃࡏࡿ㸦DGDSWHG㸧࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ⾜࠺㝿ࡣࢫ࣏ ࡘ┠ࡣࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆே㛫ྜࢃࡏࡿ㸦DGDSWHG㸧࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ⾜࠺㝿ࡣࢫ࣏ ࣮ࢶࡢ࣮ࣝࣝࡸ⏝ලࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆࡍࡿேࡀྜࢃࡏࡿࡢࡀᬑ㏻࡛࠶ࡿࠋࣂࢫࢣࢵࢺ࣮࣎ࣝࡢࢩ࣮ࣗࢺ ࣮ࢶࡢ࣮ࣝࣝࡸ⏝ලࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆࡍࡿேࡀྜࢃࡏࡿࡢࡀᬑ㏻࡛࠶ࡿࠋࣂࢫࢣࢵࢺ࣮࣎ࣝࡢࢩ࣮ࣗࢺ ࡀࢦ࣮ࣝᒆ࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊᒆࡃࡼ࠺ࢪࣕࣥࣉຊࢆࢵࣉࡉࡏࡓࡾࠊ⭎ࡢຊࢆᙉࡃࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢ ࡀࢦ࣮ࣝᒆ࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊᒆࡃࡼ࠺ࢪࣕࣥࣉຊࢆࢵࣉࡉࡏࡓࡾࠊ⭎ࡢຊࢆᙉࡃࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢ ࡼ࠺ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ᪉యࢆྜࢃࡏ࡚࠸ࡃࡢࡀ୍⯡ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇ㞀ᐖ⪅ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࠾࠸࡚ࡶ➇ ࡼ࠺ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ᪉యࢆྜࢃࡏ࡚࠸ࡃࡢࡀ୍⯡ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇ㞀ᐖ⪅ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࠾࠸࡚ࡶ➇ ᢏࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࡛ࡘࡓࡵࡣྠᵝࡢࡇࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᢏࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࡛ࡘࡓࡵࡣྠᵝࡢࡇࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡋࡋࠊ㞀ᐖࡼࡗ࡚ࡣ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶཧຍ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ሙྜࡸཧຍ࡛ࡁ࡚ࡶ༑ศάື࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ሙྜࡀ ࡋࡋࠊ㞀ᐖࡼࡗ࡚ࡣ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶཧຍ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ሙྜࡸཧຍ࡛ࡁ࡚ࡶ༑ศάື࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ሙྜࡀ ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ሙྜࡣࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ᪉ࢆࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆࡍࡿேྜࢃࡏࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡀࢲࣉࢸ ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ሙྜࡣࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ᪉ࢆࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆࡍࡿேྜࢃࡏࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡀࢲࣉࢸ ࢵࢻ࣭ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢⓎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋලయⓗࡣࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᩥࡢᵓᡂせ⣲࡛࠶ࡿ➇ᢏ࣮ࣝࣝࠊᢏ⾡ࡸᡓ⾡ࠊ ࢵࢻ࣭ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢⓎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋලయⓗࡣࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᩥࡢᵓᡂせ⣲࡛࠶ࡿ➇ᢏ࣮ࣝࣝࠊᢏ⾡ࡸᡓ⾡ࠊ ⏝ჾලࢆࡑࡢேྜࢃࡏࡓࡶࡢࡍࡿࠋ୍ேࡦࡾࡢ㌟య᮲௳▱ⓗ㞀ᐖࡢ࠶ࡿே࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊⓎ㐩ࣞ ⏝ჾලࢆࡑࡢேྜࢃࡏࡓࡶࡢࡍࡿࠋ୍ேࡦࡾࡢ㌟య᮲௳▱ⓗ㞀ᐖࡢ࠶ࡿே࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊⓎ㐩ࣞ ࣋ࣝࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆྜࢃࡏ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡛ㄡ࡛ࡶࡀࢫ࣏࣮ࢶཧຍ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡶࡑࡶࢫ࣏࣮ ࣋ࣝࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆྜࢃࡏ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡛ㄡ࡛ࡶࡀࢫ࣏࣮ࢶཧຍ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡶࡑࡶࢫ࣏࣮ 20 20 ࢶࡣ㟷ᖺᮇࡢ⏨ᛶࡀ⾜࠺ࡶࡢࡋ࡚ࡽࢀࡓṔྐⓗ⤒⦋ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀ௨እࡢዪᛶࡸᏊࡶࠊ㧗㱋⪅ ࢶࡣ㟷ᖺᮇࡢ⏨ᛶࡀ⾜࠺ࡶࡢࡋ࡚ࡽࢀࡓṔྐⓗ⤒⦋ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀ௨እࡢዪᛶࡸᏊࡶࠊ㧗㱋⪅ ࡸ㞀ᐖ⪅࡞ࡀࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ⾜࠺ࡁࡣಟṇࡀᚲせ࡞ࡿࠋࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆே㢮ࡍ࡚ࡢඹ᭷ᩥࡋ ࡸ㞀ᐖ⪅࡞ࡀࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ⾜࠺ࡁࡣಟṇࡀᚲせ࡞ࡿࠋࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆே㢮ࡍ࡚ࡢඹ᭷ᩥࡋ ࡚࠸ࡃࡓࡵḞࡏ࡞࠸⪃࠼᪉࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡚࠸ࡃࡓࡵḞࡏ࡞࠸⪃࠼᪉࡛࠶ࡿࠋ Ώ㒊㸦㸧ࡼࢀࡤࠊ㏆௦ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡣ㏆௦♫ࡢ౯್࡛࠶ࡿࠕຊᙉࡉࠖࡸࠕᡂᯝࡢ➇தࠖࢆ┠ Ώ㒊㸦㸧ࡼࢀࡤࠊ㏆௦ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡣ㏆௦♫ࡢ౯್࡛࠶ࡿࠕຊᙉࡉࠖࡸࠕᡂᯝࡢ➇தࠖࢆ┠ ⓗࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ ࡑࡢᡭẁ࡞ࡿ㌟యάືࡢᵝᘧࡣ⛉ᏛࡼࡾὙ⦎ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡋࡋࠊ ⓗࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ ࡑࡢᡭẁ࡞ࡿ㌟యάືࡢᵝᘧࡣ⛉ᏛࡼࡾὙ⦎ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡋࡋࠊ ୍ே୍ேࡀ㐪ࡗࡓ㌟య᮲௳ࡢ㌟య㞀ᐖ⪅ࡀࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ⾜࠾࠺ࡍࡿ㞀ᐖࡢ࡞࠸ேࡣ㐪࠺᪉ἲ࡛ ୍ே୍ேࡀ㐪ࡗࡓ㌟య᮲௳ࡢ㌟య㞀ᐖ⪅ࡀࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ⾜࠾࠺ࡍࡿ㞀ᐖࡢ࡞࠸ேࡣ㐪࠺᪉ἲ࡛ 㐀ⓗ⾜ࢃ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ ࠕ㌟య㞀ࡀ࠸ࡢ࠶ࡿேࡣࠊṧࡉࢀࡓᶵ⬟ࢆࡧぬࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸ 㐀ⓗ⾜ࢃ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ ࠕ㌟య㞀ࡀ࠸ࡢ࠶ࡿேࡣࠊṧࡉࢀࡓᶵ⬟ࢆࡧぬࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸ ᅇ㊰ࢆồࡵ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢᅇ㊰ࢆసࡾฟࡍࡇࡇࡑ㞀ࡀ࠸ࡢ࠶ࡿேᅛ᭷ࡢ⏕ࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ ᅇ㊰ࢆồࡵ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢᅇ㊰ࢆసࡾฟࡍࡇࡇࡑ㞀ࡀ࠸ࡢ࠶ࡿேᅛ᭷ࡢ⏕ࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㞀ࡀ࠸ࡢ࠶ࡿேࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡽ⏕ࡳฟࡉࢀࡿከᵝ࡞ᢏ⬟ࡽࡣࠊ⾜ືࢆಁࡍ῝ዟࡢᰂ㌾࡞ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㞀ࡀ࠸ࡢ࠶ࡿேࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡽ⏕ࡳฟࡉࢀࡿከᵝ࡞ᢏ⬟ࡽࡣࠊ⾜ືࢆಁࡍ῝ዟࡢᰂ㌾࡞ ⾪ືࡀ㇏࡞㌟య⾲⌧ࡢ※Ἠ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ 㸦Ώ㒊㸪 3㸧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢ㌟యᢏἲࡣࠊ ⾪ືࡀ㇏࡞㌟య⾲⌧ࡢ※Ἠ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ 㸦Ώ㒊㸪 3㸧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢ㌟యᢏἲࡣࠊ ᖖ⪅ࡢࡑࢀࡣ᫂ࡽ␗࡞ࡿࡀࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᵝࠎ࡞ᢏἲࡸᵝᘧࡢ㛵ಀᛶࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿࡇࡀ♫ ᖖ⪅ࡢࡑࢀࡣ᫂ࡽ␗࡞ࡿࡀࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᵝࠎ࡞ᢏἲࡸᵝᘧࡢ㛵ಀᛶࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿࡇࡀ♫ ࢆከᵝ࡛㇏ࡍࡿ᪂ࡋ࠸ぢ᪉ࡸ౯್ࢆⓎぢࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢཎ⌮࡛࠶ࡿࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࢆከᵝ࡛㇏ࡍࡿ᪂ࡋ࠸ぢ᪉ࡸ౯್ࢆⓎぢࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢཎ⌮࡛࠶ࡿࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠼ࡤྑ⫝ࢆఙࡤࡏ࡞࠸㌴࠸ࡍࢲࣥࢧ࣮ࡣ㌴࠸ࡍࡢ᧯సࠊࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ࡢᡭࡢ⤌ࡳ᪉ࠊᅇ㌿ࡢ᪉ ࠼ࡤྑ⫝ࢆఙࡤࡏ࡞࠸㌴࠸ࡍࢲࣥࢧ࣮ࡣ㌴࠸ࡍࡢ᧯సࠊࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ࡢᡭࡢ⤌ࡳ᪉ࠊᅇ㌿ࡢ᪉ ྥ➼ࡍ࡚࠾࠸࡚⊂⮬ࡢ᪉ἲࢆぢฟࡍࡇ࡛࣌ࢲࣥࢫࢆ⾜࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ ྥ➼ࡍ࡚࠾࠸࡚⊂⮬ࡢ᪉ἲࢆぢฟࡍࡇ࡛࣌ࢲࣥࢫࢆ⾜࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ 㸦㸱㸧 ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࠾ࡅࡿ౯್ࡢከᵝᛶ 㸦㸱㸧 ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࠾ࡅࡿ౯್ࡢከᵝᛶ ୕ࡘࡵࡣࠊࢲࣉࢸࢵࢻ࣭ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࡣ⪅➇தࡋ࡚ࡘࡇ௨እࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ౯್ ୕ࡘࡵࡣࠊࢲࣉࢸࢵࢻ࣭ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࡣ⪅➇தࡋ࡚ࡘࡇ௨እࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ౯್ ᴦࡋࡉࢆᩍ࠼࡚ࡃࢀࡿⅬ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⚾ࡓࡕࡀࡇࢀࡲ࡛ぶࡋࢇ࡛ࡁࡓࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࡛ࡣࠊ➇தࡍࡿ⪅࠺ࡋ ᴦࡋࡉࢆᩍ࠼࡚ࡃࢀࡿⅬ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⚾ࡓࡕࡀࡇࢀࡲ࡛ぶࡋࢇ࡛ࡁࡓࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࡛ࡣࠊ➇தࡍࡿ⪅࠺ࡋ ࡀྠࡌ᮲௳ୗ࠶ࡿࡇࢆ๓ᥦࡋࠊ⪅ࡢᕪ␗ࢆᅗࡾࠊඃᛶࢆ㏣ồࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ ࡀྠࡌ᮲௳ୗ࠶ࡿࡇࢆ๓ᥦࡋࠊ⪅ࡢᕪ␗ࢆᅗࡾࠊඃᛶࢆ㏣ồࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ ࡍࡿேࡣࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ⪅ࡢ㛵ಀࡢ୰࡛౯್࡙ࡅࡉࢀࡿ┦ᑐⓗ࡞Ꮡᅾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡍࡿேࡣࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ⪅ࡢ㛵ಀࡢ୰࡛౯್࡙ࡅࡉࢀࡿ┦ᑐⓗ࡞Ꮡᅾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ୍᪉ࠊࢲࣉࢸࢵࢻ㺃ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࡛ࡣࠊ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆࡍࡿᮏேࢆᑻᗘࡋ࡚ࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡸ㌟య ୍᪉ࠊࢲࣉࢸࢵࢻ㺃ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࡛ࡣࠊ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆࡍࡿᮏேࢆᑻᗘࡋ࡚ࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡸ㌟య άືཧຍࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ⪅ࡢᑐᓖࡣᐃࡉࢀࡎࠊ౯್ࡶಶேࡢ୰㏣ồࡉࢀࡿࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽࠊ άືཧຍࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ⪅ࡢᑐᓖࡣᐃࡉࢀࡎࠊ౯್ࡶಶேࡢ୰㏣ồࡉࢀࡿࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽࠊ ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆࡍࡿேࠊ୍ேࡦࡾࡣྠࡌ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ␗࡞ࡿࡇࡀ๓ᥦࡉࢀࡿࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㌟య᮲௳ ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆࡍࡿேࠊ୍ேࡦࡾࡣྠࡌ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ␗࡞ࡿࡇࡀ๓ᥦࡉࢀࡿࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㌟య᮲௳ ࡀ㐪࠺ே࠺ࡋࡀ➇தࡋ࡚ࡕ㈇ࡅࢆỴࡵࡿࡇࡣࡑࢀពࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡍ ࡀ㐪࠺ே࠺ࡋࡀ➇தࡋ࡚ࡕ㈇ࡅࢆỴࡵࡿࡇࡣࡑࢀពࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡍ ࡿಶேࡣࠊࡇࡢព࡛⤯ᑐⓗ࡞Ꮡᅾ࠸࠺ࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋேࡢ➇தࡸᕪ␗ࢆ㏣ồࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ ࡿಶேࡣࠊࡇࡢព࡛⤯ᑐⓗ࡞Ꮡᅾ࠸࠺ࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋேࡢ➇தࡸᕪ␗ࢆ㏣ồࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ ࡃࠊಶேࡢᡂ㛗ࡸࡑࡢ➇ᢏ⊂≉ࡢẼᣢࡕࡼࡉࡸ㞴ࡋࡉࠊࡑࢀࢆඞ᭹ࡋࡓࡢ㐩ᡂឤࢆࢃ࠺ࠋࡇ ࡃࠊಶேࡢᡂ㛗ࡸࡑࡢ➇ᢏ⊂≉ࡢẼᣢࡕࡼࡉࡸ㞴ࡋࡉࠊࡑࢀࢆඞ᭹ࡋࡓࡢ㐩ᡂឤࢆࢃ࠺ࠋࡇ ࢀࡽࡣࡲࡉࢫ࣏࣮ࢶෆᅾࡍࡿ౯್ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ┠ⓗ࡞ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࢀࡽࡣࡲࡉࢫ࣏࣮ࢶෆᅾࡍࡿ౯್ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ┠ⓗ࡞ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ┣ࡢ࠶ࡿ㝣ୖ➇ᢏࡢ㑅ᡭࡣࠕ࠸࠸ࢪࣕࣥࣉࢆࡋࡓࡁࡗ࡚࠸࠺ࡢࡣࢃࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࡼࠋࡽࡔ ┣ࡢ࠶ࡿ㝣ୖ➇ᢏࡢ㑅ᡭࡣࠕ࠸࠸ࢪࣕࣥࣉࢆࡋࡓࡁࡗ࡚࠸࠺ࡢࡣࢃࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࡼࠋࡽࡔ య࡛ឤࡌࡿࡗ࡚ゝ࠺ࡢ࡞ࠊࡕࡷࢇఏࢃࡗ࡚ࡁࡲࡍࡼࠋຓ㉮ࡋ࡚ࠊ㋃ࡳษࡗࡓ▐㛫ࠊࡽࡔࡀࡩ య࡛ឤࡌࡿࡗ࡚ゝ࠺ࡢ࡞ࠊࡕࡷࢇఏࢃࡗ࡚ࡁࡲࡍࡼࠋຓ㉮ࡋ࡚ࠊ㋃ࡳษࡗࡓ▐㛫ࠊࡽࡔࡀࡩ ࢃࡗᾋࡃឤぬࠊ㔜ຊࡽゎࡁᨺࡓࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ឤぬࠊࡇࢀࡀᛌឤ࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࡼࠋࡸࡾᢞࡆࡢሙྜࡣ⣬ ࢃࡗᾋࡃឤぬࠊ㔜ຊࡽゎࡁᨺࡓࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ឤぬࠊࡇࢀࡀᛌឤ࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࡼࠋࡸࡾᢞࡆࡢሙྜࡣ⣬ 㣕⾜ᶵࢆᢞࡆࡿឤぬࡗ࡚࠸࠺ࠊࡇࢀࡶࡸࡗࡥࡾࡽࡔయ࡛ឤࡌࡲࡍࡡࠊ࠺ࡲࡃ࠸ࡗࡓࡁࡣࠋ ࠖ 㣕⾜ᶵࢆᢞࡆࡿឤぬࡗ࡚࠸࠺ࠊࡇࢀࡶࡸࡗࡥࡾࡽࡔయ࡛ឤࡌࡲࡍࡡࠊ࠺ࡲࡃ࠸ࡗࡓࡁࡣࠋ ࠖ ヰࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ㔜ᚰ㌟㞀ᐖࡢ࠶ࡿேࡀ⮬ศࡢẼධࡗࡓ㡢ᴦྜࢃࡏ࡚యࢆືࡋ࡚࠸ ヰࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ㔜ᚰ㌟㞀ᐖࡢ࠶ࡿேࡀ⮬ศࡢẼධࡗࡓ㡢ᴦྜࢃࡏ࡚యࢆືࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿࡁࡢᎰࡋࡑ࠺࡞⾲ࡽࡣࠊࡑࡢ➇ᢏ⊂⮬ࡢẼᣢࡕࡼࡉࢆឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋࡲࡔࡲࡔ ࡿࡁࡢᎰࡋࡑ࠺࡞⾲ࡽࡣࠊࡑࡢ➇ᢏ⊂⮬ࡢẼᣢࡕࡼࡉࢆឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋࡲࡔࡲࡔ ➇ᢏ࡛ࡣ࡚࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡢࠊ࣮࣎ࣝࢆᥱࡿࡇࡍࡽ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡗࡓேࡀࠊ┠ᶆࡵࡀࡅ࡚࣮࣎ࣝࢆᢞࡆࡽ ➇ᢏ࡛ࡣ࡚࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡢࠊ࣮࣎ࣝࢆᥱࡿࡇࡍࡽ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡗࡓேࡀࠊ┠ᶆࡵࡀࡅ࡚࣮࣎ࣝࢆᢞࡆࡽ ࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࡾࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴ୰࡛ᗙጼໃࢆࢀ࡞ࡗࡓேࡀࡕࡷࢇᗙࢀࡿࡼ࠺ ࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࡾࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴ୰࡛ᗙጼໃࢆࢀ࡞ࡗࡓேࡀࡕࡷࢇᗙࢀࡿࡼ࠺ ࡞ࡗࡓࡾࡍࡿࠋேࡢẚ㍑࠾࠸࡚ࡣࡓ࠸ࡋࡓࡇ࡞࠸ࡇ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊࡇࢀࡽࡣಶࠎேࡗ ࡞ࡗࡓࡾࡍࡿࠋேࡢẚ㍑࠾࠸࡚ࡣࡓ࠸ࡋࡓࡇ࡞࠸ࡇ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊࡇࢀࡽࡣಶࠎேࡗ 21 21 ࡚ࡣࡁ࡞ᡂ㛗࠸࠼ࡿࠋ ࡚ࡣࡁ࡞ᡂ㛗࠸࠼ࡿࠋ 㸦㸧 ࡿࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢᴦࡋࡉ 㸦㸧 ࡿࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢᴦࡋࡉ ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢཧᙧែࡋ࡚ࡣᐇ㝿యࢆືࡋ࡚ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆᐇ㊶ࡍࡿ ࠕࡍࡿࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࠖ ࠊ ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢཧᙧែࡋ࡚ࡣᐇ㝿యࢆືࡋ࡚ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆᐇ㊶ࡍࡿ ࠕࡍࡿࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࠖ ࠊ ࢫࢱࢪ࣒࡛࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࢸࣞࣅࡸࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ࡞ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶほᡓࡍࡿࠕぢࡿࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࠖ ࠊࢫ ࢫࢱࢪ࣒࡛࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࢸࣞࣅࡸࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ࡞ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶほᡓࡍࡿࠕぢࡿࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࠖ ࠊࢫ ࣏࣮ࢶ࣎ࣛࣥࢸࡸຓࡢᚲせ࡞ேࡢࡓࡵࡢᡭఏ࠸࡞ࠕᨭ࠼ࡿࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࠖࡀὀ┠ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁ ࣏࣮ࢶ࣎ࣛࣥࢸࡸຓࡢᚲせ࡞ேࡢࡓࡵࡢᡭఏ࠸࡞ࠕᨭ࠼ࡿࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࠖࡀὀ┠ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁ ࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛㏙࡚ࡁࡓࡼ࠺㞀ᐖ⪅ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢୡ⏺࡛ࡣࠊ㌟య᮲௳ྜࢃࡏ࡚࣮ࣝࣝࢆ ࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛㏙࡚ࡁࡓࡼ࠺㞀ᐖ⪅ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢୡ⏺࡛ࡣࠊ㌟య᮲௳ྜࢃࡏ࡚࣮ࣝࣝࢆ ಟṇࡋࡓࡾࠊ⏝ලᕤኵࢆจࡽࡋࡓࡾࡋ࡚㞀ᐖࡢ࠶ࡿேࡶࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࠋ ಟṇࡋࡓࡾࠊ⏝ලᕤኵࢆจࡽࡋࡓࡾࡋ࡚㞀ᐖࡢ࠶ࡿேࡶࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࠋ 㞀ᐖ⪅タࡸ≉ูᨭᏛᰯ࡞࡛ࡣᵝࠎ࡞ࢱࣉࡢ㞀ᐖࢆᣢࡘேࡀ࠸ࡿࠋࡓ࠼ࡤࠊ∦ࡲࡦ࡛ࢡ 㞀ᐖ⪅タࡸ≉ูᨭᏛᰯ࡞࡛ࡣᵝࠎ࡞ࢱࣉࡢ㞀ᐖࢆᣢࡘேࡀ࠸ࡿࠋࡓ࠼ࡤࠊ∦ࡲࡦ࡛ࢡ ࣛࢵࢳࢆࡗ࡚Ṍ⾜ࡍࡿேࠊ㟁ື㌴ࢆ࠺ேࡸᡭືࡢ㌴࠸ࡍࡢேࠊ⬻ᛶࡲࡦ➼࡛ୖ⫥ࡶ㞀ᐖࡢ ࣛࢵࢳࢆࡗ࡚Ṍ⾜ࡍࡿேࠊ㟁ື㌴ࢆ࠺ேࡸᡭືࡢ㌴࠸ࡍࡢேࠊ⬻ᛶࡲࡦ➼࡛ୖ⫥ࡶ㞀ᐖࡢ ࠶ࡿே࡞ከᵝ࡞ேࠎࡀ୍⥴㛫ࢆ㐣ࡈࡍࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ேࡓࡕࡀ୍⥴ᴦࡋࡵࡿ᪤Ꮡࡢ㐠ືࡸࢫ ࠶ࡿே࡞ከᵝ࡞ேࠎࡀ୍⥴㛫ࢆ㐣ࡈࡍࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ேࡓࡕࡀ୍⥴ᴦࡋࡵࡿ᪤Ꮡࡢ㐠ືࡸࢫ ࣏࣮ࢶࡣࢇ࡞࠸ࠋࡉࡽࠊ㐠ືࡍࡿሙᡤࡸ⏝ල࡞ࡢ᮲௳ࡼࡗ࡚ࡶᐇ࡛ࡁࡿ㐠ືࡣ㝈ࡽ ࣏࣮ࢶࡣࢇ࡞࠸ࠋࡉࡽࠊ㐠ືࡍࡿሙᡤࡸ⏝ල࡞ࡢ᮲௳ࡼࡗ࡚ࡶᐇ࡛ࡁࡿ㐠ືࡣ㝈ࡽ ࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞᮲௳ୗ࡛㐠ືࡸࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆᴦࡋࡴࡓࡵࡣ᪂ࡋ࠸㐠ືࡸࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࢀ ࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞᮲௳ୗ࡛㐠ືࡸࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆᴦࡋࡴࡓࡵࡣ᪂ࡋ࠸㐠ືࡸࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࢀ ᚲせ࡞㐨ලࡸ⏝ලࢆࡾฟࡍࡋ࡞࠸ࠋ ᚲせ࡞㐨ලࡸ⏝ලࢆࡾฟࡍࡋ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺㐠ືࡸࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆಟṇࡋࡓࡾࠊ᪂ࡋࡃసࡿࡇࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛࠶ࡲࡾὀ┠ࡉࢀ࡚ࡇ࡞ࡗ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺㐠ືࡸࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆಟṇࡋࡓࡾࠊ᪂ࡋࡃసࡿࡇࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛࠶ࡲࡾὀ┠ࡉࢀ࡚ࡇ࡞ࡗ ࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊࡇࢀࡣࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᩥయⓗࢃࡾࠊ⮬ࡽࡑࡢᩥࢆฟࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࠊඃࢀ࡚ே ࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊࡇࢀࡣࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᩥయⓗࢃࡾࠊ⮬ࡽࡑࡢᩥࢆฟࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࠊඃࢀ࡚ே 㛫ⓗ࡞⾜Ⅽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋඛࡶ㏙ࡓ࠾ࡾࠊᩥࡣୡ௦ࡽୡ௦⥅ᢎࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡃ୰࡛ᑡࡋࡎࡘኚ 㛫ⓗ࡞⾜Ⅽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋඛࡶ㏙ࡓ࠾ࡾࠊᩥࡣୡ௦ࡽୡ௦⥅ᢎࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡃ୰࡛ᑡࡋࡎࡘኚ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡑࡢព࡛ࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ㐀ࡣ㠀ᖖᩥⓗ࡞⾜Ⅽ࡛࠶ࡾࠊே㛫ࡢከᵝᛶࢆฟ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡑࡢព࡛ࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ㐀ࡣ㠀ᖖᩥⓗ࡞⾜Ⅽ࡛࠶ࡾࠊே㛫ࡢከᵝᛶࢆฟ ⓎⅬࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ㞀ᐖ⪅ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡔࡽࡇࡑぢฟࡍࡢ࡛ࡁࡓࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᩥࡢாཷᵝᘧ࡛࠶ ⓎⅬࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ㞀ᐖ⪅ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡔࡽࡇࡑぢฟࡍࡢ࡛ࡁࡓࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᩥࡢாཷᵝᘧ࡛࠶ ࡿࠋከᵝ࡞ே㛫ࡀ࠸ࡿࡇࢆㄆࡵࡿࡇ࡛ከᵝ࡞ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᩥࡢసࡾᡭࡑࡋ࡚ᢸ࠸ᡭ࡞ࡿࡇࡀ ࡿࠋከᵝ࡞ே㛫ࡀ࠸ࡿࡇࢆㄆࡵࡿࡇ࡛ከᵝ࡞ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᩥࡢసࡾᡭࡑࡋ࡚ᢸ࠸ᡭ࡞ࡿࡇࡀ ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ 㸦㸳㸧 㞀ᐖ⪅ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢព⩏ࡣ㸫ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࠾ࡅࡿ༟㉺ᛶࡢ㏣ồከᵝᛶࡢ㏣ồ㸫 㸦㸳㸧 㞀ᐖ⪅ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢព⩏ࡣ㸫ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࠾ࡅࡿ༟㉺ᛶࡢ㏣ồከᵝᛶࡢ㏣ồ㸫 ࠕ&LWLXV$OWLXV)RUWLXV㸦ࡼࡾ㏿ࡃࠊࡼࡾ㧗ࡃࠊࡼࡾᙉࡃ㸧 ࠖ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢࣔࢵࢺ࣮࡛࠶ࡾࠊ ࠕ&LWLXV$OWLXV)RUWLXV㸦ࡼࡾ㏿ࡃࠊࡼࡾ㧗ࡃࠊࡼࡾᙉࡃ㸧 ࠖ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢࣔࢵࢺ࣮࡛࠶ࡾࠊ ㏆௦♫ࡢ౯್㌶ࢆ୍ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㏿ࡃ㉮ࡿࡓࡵࡣࠊ➽ຊࡸᣢஂຊࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ ㏆௦♫ࡢ౯್㌶ࢆ୍ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㏿ࡃ㉮ࡿࡓࡵࡣࠊ➽ຊࡸᣢஂຊࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ ࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢺ࣮ࣞࢽࣥࢢࡀຠᯝⓗࠋࡓࡔࠊࡇࡢ౯್ࢆ㏣ồ࡛ࡁࡿே㐩ࡣពእᑡ࡞࠸ࠋே㛫ࡢ ࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢺ࣮ࣞࢽࣥࢢࡀຠᯝⓗࠋࡓࡔࠊࡇࡢ౯್ࢆ㏣ồ࡛ࡁࡿே㐩ࡣពእᑡ࡞࠸ࠋே㛫ࡢ ㌟యࡢከᵝᛶࡽࡳࢀࡤࡈࡃ୍㒊ࠊᅗ ࡢᴃࡢ㒊ศ࠶ࡓࡿࠋゝ࠸࠼ࢀࡤ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࡛ά㌍ ㌟యࡢከᵝᛶࡽࡳࢀࡤࡈࡃ୍㒊ࠊᅗ ࡢᴃࡢ㒊ศ࠶ࡓࡿࠋゝ࠸࠼ࢀࡤ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࡛ά㌍ ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞యࢆᣢࡗࡓேࡓࡕ࡛ࠊྛ➇ᢏ≉ࡋࡓ㌟య㸦㝈ᐃⓗ࡞㌟య㸧ࡢᣢࡕ࡛ࠊே㢮ࡢࣃ ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞యࢆᣢࡗࡓேࡓࡕ࡛ࠊྛ➇ᢏ≉ࡋࡓ㌟య㸦㝈ᐃⓗ࡞㌟య㸧ࡢᣢࡕ࡛ࠊே㢮ࡢࣃ ࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࡢ㝈⏺ᣮᡓ࡛ࡁࡿேࡓࡕ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ᅗෆࡢ◚⥺㸧 ࠋࡇࡢ⠊ᅖእ࠸ࡿேࡓࡕࠊ࠼ࡤከ ࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࡢ㝈⏺ᣮᡓ࡛ࡁࡿேࡓࡕ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ᅗෆࡢ◚⥺㸧 ࠋࡇࡢ⠊ᅖእ࠸ࡿேࡓࡕࠊ࠼ࡤከ ࡃࡢ㧗㱋⪅ࡸᏊࡶࠊ㞀ᐖ⪅ࠊ࣓ࢱ࣎ࣜࢵࢡࢩࣥࢻ࣮࣒ࣟᝎࡴ୰ᖺ⏨ᛶࡓࡕ࡞ࡣ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ ࡃࡢ㧗㱋⪅ࡸᏊࡶࠊ㞀ᐖ⪅ࠊ࣓ࢱ࣎ࣜࢵࢡࢩࣥࢻ࣮࣒ࣟᝎࡴ୰ᖺ⏨ᛶࡓࡕ࡞ࡣ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ ࡣ⦕㐲࠸Ꮡᅾ࠸ࡗ࡚ࡼ࠸ࠋ ࡣ⦕㐲࠸Ꮡᅾ࠸ࡗ࡚ࡼ࠸ࠋ ୍᪉ࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡶ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡྠᵝ༟㉺ᛶࡢ㏣ồ౯್ࢆ⨨࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊࣃࣛࣜ ୍᪉ࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡶ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡྠᵝ༟㉺ᛶࡢ㏣ồ౯್ࢆ⨨࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊࣃࣛࣜ ࣥࣆࢵࢡࡣࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡢ౯್ࠊ㸺ከᵝᛶࡢ㏣ồ㸼ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ౯್ࡀࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᩥࡢෆᐜࢆࡼࡾ㇏ ࣥࣆࢵࢡࡣࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡢ౯್ࠊ㸺ከᵝᛶࡢ㏣ồ㸼ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ౯್ࡀࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᩥࡢෆᐜࢆࡼࡾ㇏ ᣑࡆ࡚ࡃࢀࠊ㞀ᐖ⪅ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢᏑᅾព⩏ࢆ☜ᅛࡓࡿ౯್࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࢜ࢫ࣮࣭࢝ࣆࢫ ᣑࡆ࡚ࡃࢀࠊ㞀ᐖ⪅ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢᏑᅾព⩏ࢆ☜ᅛࡓࡿ౯್࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࢜ࢫ࣮࣭࢝ࣆࢫ ࢺࣜ࢘ࢫࡢࡼ࠺㞀ᐖࡢ࡞࠸ேࡢࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࢆ㥙ࡍࡿ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡶᏑᅾࡍࡿࡀࠊ୍⯡ⓗࡳࢀࡤ ࢺࣜ࢘ࢫࡢࡼ࠺㞀ᐖࡢ࡞࠸ேࡢࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࢆ㥙ࡍࡿ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡶᏑᅾࡍࡿࡀࠊ୍⯡ⓗࡳࢀࡤ 㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࣞ࣋ࣝࡣ㞀ᐖࡢ࡞࠸ேẚ࡚ప࠸㸦ᅗෆࡢᐇ⥺㸧 ࠋࡲࡓࠊ㞀ᐖࡀ㔜ᗘ࡛࠶ 㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࣞ࣋ࣝࡣ㞀ᐖࡢ࡞࠸ேẚ࡚ప࠸㸦ᅗෆࡢᐇ⥺㸧 ࠋࡲࡓࠊ㞀ᐖࡀ㔜ᗘ࡛࠶ 22 22 ࢀࡤ࠶ࡿࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࣞ࣋ࣝࡣపࡃ࡞ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞㌟యࡢᣢࡕ࡛࠶ࢀࠊࢫ࣏࣮ ࢀࡤ࠶ࡿࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࣞ࣋ࣝࡣపࡃ࡞ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞㌟యࡢᣢࡕ࡛࠶ࢀࠊࢫ࣏࣮ ࢶཧຍ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࡇࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚ࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡓࡾࠊ➇ᢏ⊂⮬ ࢶཧຍ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࡇࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚ࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡓࡾࠊ➇ᢏ⊂⮬ ࡢᴦࡋࡉࡸẼᣢࡕࡼࡉࢆࢃ࠸ࠊᡂ㛗ࡍࡿࡇࠋࡇࢀࡀ㞀ᐖ⪅ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ౯್࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡢᴦࡋࡉࡸẼᣢࡕࡼࡉࢆࢃ࠸ࠊᡂ㛗ࡍࡿࡇࠋࡇࢀࡀ㞀ᐖ⪅ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ౯್࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ிࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡣ㟁ື㌴࠸ࡍࡾࠊ⮬ศࡢຊ࡛ࡣࣛࢣࢵࢺࢆᥱࡿࡇࡢ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㔜ᗘ㞀 ிࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡣ㟁ື㌴࠸ࡍࡾࠊ⮬ศࡢຊ࡛ࡣࣛࢣࢵࢺࢆᥱࡿࡇࡢ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㔜ᗘ㞀 ᐖࡢ࠶ࡿࢹࣦࢵࢻ࣭ࢸ࣮࣮ࣛ㑅ᡭࡀ㌴࠸ࡍࢸࢽࢫࡢ㞀ᐖࡢ㔜࠸㒊ฟሙࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࣛࢣࢵࢺࢆࢫ ᐖࡢ࠶ࡿࢹࣦࢵࢻ࣭ࢸ࣮࣮ࣛ㑅ᡭࡀ㌴࠸ࡍࢸࢽࢫࡢ㞀ᐖࡢ㔜࠸㒊ฟሙࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࣛࢣࢵࢺࢆࢫ ࢺࣛࢵࣉ࡛ᕥᡭᕳࡁࡅࣛࢣࢵࢺࢆࡿࠋ୧㊊࣮࣎ࣝࢆᣳࢇ࡛࣮࣎ࣝࢆୖᨺࡾୖࡿࢺࢫ࡛ࢧ ࢺࣛࢵࣉ࡛ᕥᡭᕳࡁࡅࣛࢣࢵࢺࢆࡿࠋ୧㊊࣮࣎ࣝࢆᣳࢇ࡛࣮࣎ࣝࢆୖᨺࡾୖࡿࢺࢫ࡛ࢧ ࣮ࣈࢆᡴࡘࠋྑᡭ࡛㟁ື㌴࠸ࡍࢆ᧯సࡋࠊ㌴࠸ࡍࡈᅇ㌿ࡋ࡚ࣂࢵࢡࣁࣥࢻࢫࢺ࣮ࣟࢡࢆᡴࡘࠋΏ ࣮ࣈࢆᡴࡘࠋྑᡭ࡛㟁ື㌴࠸ࡍࢆ᧯సࡋࠊ㌴࠸ࡍࡈᅇ㌿ࡋ࡚ࣂࢵࢡࣁࣥࢻࢫࢺ࣮ࣟࢡࢆᡴࡘࠋΏ 㒊㸦㸧ࡀゝ࠺㐀ⓗ࡞⮬↛㌟యࡽ⏕ࡲࢀ࡚ࡁࡓືࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᙼࡀࢸࢽࢫࢆࣉ࣮ࣞࡍࡿࡇࡀ 㒊㸦㸧ࡀゝ࠺㐀ⓗ࡞⮬↛㌟యࡽ⏕ࡲࢀ࡚ࡁࡓືࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᙼࡀࢸࢽࢫࢆࣉ࣮ࣞࡍࡿࡇࡀ ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆ♧ࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡓ࠾ࡆ࡛ࠊࢸࢽࢫࢆᴦࡋࡵࡿேࡢ⠊ᅖࡣࡁࡃᣑࡆࡽࢀࡓ㐪࠸࡞ ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆ♧ࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡓ࠾ࡆ࡛ࠊࢸࢽࢫࢆᴦࡋࡵࡿேࡢ⠊ᅖࡣࡁࡃᣑࡆࡽࢀࡓ㐪࠸࡞ ࠸ࠋ ࠸ࠋ ᩥ⊩ ᩥ⊩ 㸯㸧℈ᓥᮁ⦅㸦㸧 ࠗ♫Ꮫᑠ㎡࠘ 㸦᭷ᩫ㛶㸧 㸬ᮾி㸬 㸯㸧℈ᓥᮁ⦅㸦㸧 ࠗ♫Ꮫᑠ㎡࠘ 㸦᭷ᩫ㛶㸧 㸬ᮾி㸬 㸰㸧Ⳣཎ♩┘ಟ㸦㸧 ࠗࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ♫Ꮫㅮᗙ㸯 ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ♫Ꮫࡢᇶ♏⌮ㄽ࠘ 㸦ᇽฟ∧㸧 㸬 㸰㸧Ⳣཎ♩┘ಟ㸦㸧 ࠗࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ♫Ꮫㅮᗙ㸯 ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ♫Ꮫࡢᇶ♏⌮ㄽ࠘ 㸦ᇽฟ∧㸧 㸬 ᮾி㸬 ᮾி㸬 㸱㸧Ἑすṇ༤㸦㸧 㸸㞀ᐖ⪅ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡳࡿࠕᖖ⪅ࠖ㸭ࠕ㞀ࡀ࠸⪅ࠖ㛫ࡢ㛵ಀᵓ⠏㌟యᛶ㸪 㸱㸧Ἑすṇ༤㸦㸧 㸸㞀ᐖ⪅ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡳࡿࠕᖖ⪅ࠖ㸭ࠕ㞀ࡀ࠸⪅ࠖ㛫ࡢ㛵ಀᵓ⠏㌟యᛶ㸪 ᯇ⏣ᜨ♧࣭ᯇᑿဴ▮࣭Ᏻᯇᖿᒎ⦅㸬 ࠗ⚟♴♫ࡢ࣑࣮ࣗࢬ࣓ࣥࢺࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ㸫㌟యࡽࡢ ᯇ⏣ᜨ♧࣭ᯇᑿဴ▮࣭Ᏻᯇᖿᒎ⦅㸬 ࠗ⚟♴♫ࡢ࣑࣮ࣗࢬ࣓ࣥࢺࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ㸫㌟యࡽࡢ ࣃ࣮ࢫ࣌ࢡࢸࣈ࠘ 㸬ୡ⏺ᛮ♫㸪㸬ி㒔 ࣃ࣮ࢫ࣌ࢡࢸࣈ࠘ 㸬ୡ⏺ᛮ♫㸪㸬ி㒔 㸲㸧Ώ㒊᠇୍㸦㸧 㸸 ࠗ㌟య㞀ࡀ࠸ࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆㄞࡴ࠘ 㸪㧗Ⳣฟ∧㸬ி㒔㸬 㸲㸧Ώ㒊᠇୍㸦㸧 㸸 ࠗ㌟య㞀ࡀ࠸ࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆㄞࡴ࠘ 㸪㧗Ⳣฟ∧㸬ி㒔㸬 ༟㉺ᛶࡢ㏣ồ ༟㉺ᛶࡢ㏣ồ ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ౯್ ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ౯್ ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ౯್ ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ౯್ ከᵝᛶࡢ㏣ồ ᅗ ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ㸸ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡀᣢࡘ౯್ࡢከᵝ 23 ከᵝᛶࡢ㏣ồ ᅗ ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ㸸ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡀᣢࡘ౯್ࡢከᵝ 23 「スポーツを通じた社会開発」 「スポーツを通じた社会開発」 山口 拓 山口 拓 筑波大学助教 筑波大学助教 㸯 ᪂ࡓ࡞ୡ⏺ほࡢᙧᡂ 㸯 ᪂ࡓ࡞ୡ⏺ほࡢᙧᡂ 㸯㸯 ᅜᐙࡢᩘ㛤Ⓨᣦᩘ 㸯㸯 ᅜᐙࡢᩘ㛤Ⓨᣦᩘ ᅜᐙࡢᩘࡣࠊᢎㄆࡍࡿ⤌⧊ࡸᅜࡢ⌮ゎࡸᛮ⪃ᛂࡌ࡚␗࡞ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊ࠾࠾ࡼࡑ ࣧᅜ⛬ᗘࡀᏑ ᅜᐙࡢᩘࡣࠊᢎㄆࡍࡿ⤌⧊ࡸᅜࡢ⌮ゎࡸᛮ⪃ᛂࡌ࡚␗࡞ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊ࠾࠾ࡼࡑ ࣧᅜ⛬ᗘࡀᏑ ᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᅜ㝿㈉⊩⤌⧊ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡽ࡚ࡢᅵᆅᬽࡽࡍேࠎࡢᏳ࡛Ᏻᐃࡋࡓ⏕άࡢಖ㞀ࢆồࡵ ᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᅜ㝿㈉⊩⤌⧊ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡽ࡚ࡢᅵᆅᬽࡽࡍேࠎࡢᏳ࡛Ᏻᐃࡋࡓ⏕άࡢಖ㞀ࢆồࡵ ࡚ࠊከ㠃ⓗ࡞ᨭάືࢆ⥅⥆ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᨭࡢᡂᯝࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡓࡵ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡓࠕ㈋ᐩࢆᅗࡿ㛤Ⓨ ࡚ࠊከ㠃ⓗ࡞ᨭάືࢆ⥅⥆ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᨭࡢᡂᯝࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡓࡵ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡓࠕ㈋ᐩࢆᅗࡿ㛤Ⓨ ᣦᩘࠖࡣࠊୡ㖟ࡢ⤒῭㛤Ⓨࠊ㹓㹌㹂㹎ࡢே㛫㛤Ⓨࠊ㹍㹃㹁㹂ࡢᖾ⚟ᗘ࡞ከࡃᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡢ ᣦᩘࠖࡣࠊୡ㖟ࡢ⤒῭㛤Ⓨࠊ㹓㹌㹂㹎ࡢே㛫㛤Ⓨࠊ㹍㹃㹁㹂ࡢᖾ⚟ᗘ࡞ከࡃᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡢ ᣦᶆ࡛ࡶࠊ༙ᩘ௨ୖࡀⱞ㞴ࢆᙉ࠸ࡽࢀࡿᆅᇦ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢෆࡢ༙ᩘ⛬ᗘࡢᆅᇦࡀཝࡋ࠸⎔ቃ⨨ ᣦᶆ࡛ࡶࠊ༙ᩘ௨ୖࡀⱞ㞴ࢆᙉ࠸ࡽࢀࡿᆅᇦ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢෆࡢ༙ᩘ⛬ᗘࡢᆅᇦࡀཝࡋ࠸⎔ቃ⨨ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆ᫂♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆ᫂♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡛ࡣࠊᅜᐙࡢ≧ἣࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊඛ㐍ᅜ࣭᪂⯆ᅜ࣭㏵ୖᅜࡶࠊᅜෆ࠾ࡼࡧᆅᇦ᱁ᕪࡀᗈࡀ ࡛ࡣࠊᅜᐙࡢ≧ἣࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊඛ㐍ᅜ࣭᪂⯆ᅜ࣭㏵ୖᅜࡶࠊᅜෆ࠾ࡼࡧᆅᇦ᱁ᕪࡀᗈࡀ ࡾࠊ㆙➜ࡀ㬆ࡽࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⛬ᗘࡢᕪࡇࡑ࠶ࢀࠊ᪥ᮏࡢࢿࢵࢺ࢝ࣇ࢙㞴Ẹࡸᅜࡢ㊰ୖ⏕ά⪅➼ࠊ ࡾࠊ㆙➜ࡀ㬆ࡽࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⛬ᗘࡢᕪࡇࡑ࠶ࢀࠊ᪥ᮏࡢࢿࢵࢺ࢝ࣇ࢙㞴Ẹࡸᅜࡢ㊰ୖ⏕ά⪅➼ࠊ ♫ⓗᙅ⪅ࡀ⊂ຊ࡛㈇ࡢ㐃㙐ࢆ᩿ࡕษࡿࡇࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸ሙྜࡶከࡃࠊ୍᪘࡛㈇ࡢ㑇⏘ࢆᘬࡁ⥅ࡄࡇ ♫ⓗᙅ⪅ࡀ⊂ຊ࡛㈇ࡢ㐃㙐ࢆ᩿ࡕษࡿࡇࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸ሙྜࡶከࡃࠊ୍᪘࡛㈇ࡢ㑇⏘ࢆᘬࡁ⥅ࡄࡇ ࡶᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞࠸ࠋᅜᐙⓗ࡞ࢭ࣮ࣇࢸࢿࢵࢺࡣᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡲࡎࡣᆅᇦࡢ♫ໟᦤࢆ⥅⥆࡛ࡁࡿ ࡶᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞࠸ࠋᅜᐙⓗ࡞ࢭ࣮ࣇࢸࢿࢵࢺࡣᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡲࡎࡣᆅᇦࡢ♫ໟᦤࢆ⥅⥆࡛ࡁࡿ ຓ♫ࡢᐇ⌧ࡀᮃࡲࢀࡿࠋ ຓ♫ࡢᐇ⌧ࡀᮃࡲࢀࡿࠋ ୡ⏺ᡓ௨㝆ࠊᅜ㝿㈉⊩⤌⧊ࡀኻᩋᡂຌࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡇࡢᯝ࡚ࡋ࡞࠸┠ᶆࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿࡓ ୡ⏺ᡓ௨㝆ࠊᅜ㝿㈉⊩⤌⧊ࡀኻᩋᡂຌࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡇࡢᯝ࡚ࡋ࡞࠸┠ᶆࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿࡓ ࡵάືࢆ⥅⥆ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࣏ࢫࢺ᳜Ẹᆅᨻ⟇ࡋ࡚ᒎ㛤ࡉࢀࡓᨭάື࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊ⤒῭㛤Ⓨࡽ ࡵάືࢆ⥅⥆ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࣏ࢫࢺ᳜Ẹᆅᨻ⟇ࡋ࡚ᒎ㛤ࡉࢀࡓᨭάື࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊ⤒῭㛤Ⓨࡽ ♫㛤Ⓨࡸᆅᇦ㛤Ⓨࢆ⤒࡚ࠊே㛫㛤Ⓨࡸே㛫ࡢᏳಖ㞀࠸࠺ࣄࢺࢆぢᤣ࠼ࡓ㛤Ⓨィ⏬⮳ࡾࠊ ♫㛤Ⓨࡸᆅᇦ㛤Ⓨࢆ⤒࡚ࠊே㛫㛤Ⓨࡸே㛫ࡢᏳಖ㞀࠸࠺ࣄࢺࢆぢᤣ࠼ࡓ㛤Ⓨィ⏬⮳ࡾࠊ ᭱㏆࡛ࡣࠊᨭࡢከᵝక࠸ࠊ㹋㹂㹅㹱ᡈࡣ㹑㹂㹅㹱࠸࠺ࡼ࠺ )DVWWUDFN ⥭ᛴ ㄢ㢟ࢆ㍈ ᭱㏆࡛ࡣࠊᨭࡢከᵝక࠸ࠊ㹋㹂㹅㹱ᡈࡣ㹑㹂㹅㹱࠸࠺ࡼ࠺ )DVWWUDFN ⥭ᛴ ㄢ㢟ࢆ㍈ ᤣ࠼ࡓᨭኚࡋጞࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᤣ࠼ࡓᨭኚࡋጞࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㸯㸰 ୡ⏺ࡢ :(% 㐃ືᛶ 㸯㸰 ୡ⏺ࡢ :(% 㐃ືᛶ ඛ⾜ࢃࢀࡓ㹁㹍㹎 ࡢ㆟ㄽࡀ≀ㄒࡿࡼ࠺ࠊ㏵ୖᅜࡸඛ㐍ᅜࢆၥࢃࡎࠊ࡚ࡢᅜᐙࠊ⤌⧊ࠊࣄ ඛ⾜ࢃࢀࡓ㹁㹍㹎 ࡢ㆟ㄽࡀ≀ㄒࡿࡼ࠺ࠊ㏵ୖᅜࡸඛ㐍ᅜࢆၥࢃࡎࠊ࡚ࡢᅜᐙࠊ⤌⧊ࠊࣄ ࢺࡣࠊᐦ᥋ⓗ㛵ಀࡋࠊࡢࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝࡢ㐍ᒎࡣࠊ࡚ࡢຌ⨥ࡀୡ⏺ⓗ㐃ືࡍࡿ♫ࢆ⠏ ࢺࡣࠊᐦ᥋ⓗ㛵ಀࡋࠊࡢࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝࡢ㐍ᒎࡣࠊ࡚ࡢຌ⨥ࡀୡ⏺ⓗ㐃ືࡍࡿ♫ࢆ⠏ ࡁୖࡆࡓ㑏ඖ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡉࡽࠊ୍᪉࡛⤒῭ࡢࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝࡀࡑࡢࡢ㡿ᇦࢆྵࡵ࡚ᣑࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡁୖࡆࡓ㑏ඖ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡉࡽࠊ୍᪉࡛⤒῭ࡢࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝࡀࡑࡢࡢ㡿ᇦࢆྵࡵ࡚ᣑࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡀࠊ᪉࡛ࡣࠊࡑࡢ┿㏫ࡢᛂࡋ࡚ࠊࢹࣥࢸࢸࢆᶍ⣴ࡍࡿ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝࡀ㐍⾜ࡋࠊࡉࡽ ࡀࠊ᪉࡛ࡣࠊࡑࡢ┿㏫ࡢᛂࡋ࡚ࠊࢹࣥࢸࢸࢆᶍ⣴ࡍࡿ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝࡀ㐍⾜ࡋࠊࡉࡽ ࡣᆅᨻᏛⓗ࡞ほⅬࡽᇦෆ㐃ᦠࡢᵝ┦ࢆ῝ࡵࡿ࡞ࠊ 」㞧࡞㹕㹃㹀♫ࢆᙧᡂࡋࡓࡉ࠼ゝ࠼ࡿࠋ ࡣᆅᨻᏛⓗ࡞ほⅬࡽᇦෆ㐃ᦠࡢᵝ┦ࢆ῝ࡵࡿ࡞ࠊ 」㞧࡞㹕㹃㹀♫ࢆᙧᡂࡋࡓࡉ࠼ゝ࠼ࡿࠋ ௨ୖࡢほⅬࡽࠊ㹕㹃㹀ࡋࡓ♫ࡀᏳᐃⓗ࡞ୡ⏺ࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿࡣࠊಶࠎࡢᙺࠊ≉␗ᛶࠊ౯್ ௨ୖࡢほⅬࡽࠊ㹕㹃㹀ࡋࡓ♫ࡀᏳᐃⓗ࡞ୡ⏺ࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿࡣࠊಶࠎࡢᙺࠊ≉␗ᛶࠊ౯್ ࢆ⌮ゎࡋ࡚ඹᏑࡋࠊ࠸ᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ྜ࠺୰࡛ࠕࢢ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝ♫ࠖࡢᙧᡂࡀ⌮ⓗࡔឤࡌࡽࢀ ࢆ⌮ゎࡋ࡚ඹᏑࡋࠊ࠸ᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ྜ࠺୰࡛ࠕࢢ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝ♫ࠖࡢᙧᡂࡀ⌮ⓗࡔឤࡌࡽࢀ ࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊࢢ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝࡣࠊ ࠕእ᮶ᩥࡢὶ⏝ࠖ ࠕ⩻ヂⓗ㐺⏝ࠖ ࠕᅵ╔ࠖ࡞ᐃ⩏ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ ࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊࢢ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝࡣࠊ ࠕእ᮶ᩥࡢὶ⏝ࠖ ࠕ⩻ヂⓗ㐺⏝ࠖ ࠕᅵ╔ࠖ࡞ᐃ⩏ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠕࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ♫࡛࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝྠኈࡀ࠸ࡢ⊂⮬ᛶࢆಖࡕ࡞ࡀࡽὶ㸦,QWHUFKDQJHDFWLRQ㸧 ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠕࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ♫࡛࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝྠኈࡀ࠸ࡢ⊂⮬ᛶࢆಖࡕ࡞ࡀࡽὶ㸦,QWHUFKDQJHDFWLRQ㸧 24 24 ࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋࠊ┦⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵࡿඹ᭷┈࡞㇟ࢆ┦ᅵ╔ࡉࡏࡿࣉࣟࢭࢫࠖᐃ⩏࡙ࡅ࡚ ࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋࠊ┦⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵࡿඹ᭷┈࡞㇟ࢆ┦ᅵ╔ࡉࡏࡿࣉࣟࢭࢫࠖᐃ⩏࡙ࡅ࡚ ⏝ࡍࡿࠋ ⏝ࡍࡿࠋ ࡉ࡚ࠊ ࠕᅜෆⓗ࡞♫ⓗໟᦤࠖ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠕᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ࢢ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝࠖࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿࡣࠊಶேࡀே✀ࠊ ࡉ࡚ࠊ ࠕᅜෆⓗ࡞♫ⓗໟᦤࠖ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠕᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ࢢ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝࠖࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿࡣࠊಶேࡀே✀ࠊ ᛶูࠊ᐀ᩍࠊ㢼ࡸࣄࢺࡢಶᛶࡸ≉ᚩࢆ༑ศ⌮ゎࡋࠊከᵝ࡞♫ࢆᙧᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ᛶูࠊ᐀ᩍࠊ㢼ࡸࣄࢺࡢಶᛶࡸ≉ᚩࢆ༑ศ⌮ゎࡋࠊከᵝ࡞♫ࢆᙧᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ࠸ࡢ⌮ゎࢆ᪥ᖖⓗಁ㐍ࡉࡏࡿྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡣከࡃ࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡇࡢ࠺ࡕࠕࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࠖࡣࠊ㝈ࡽࢀࡓ㛫ෆ ࠸ࡢ⌮ゎࢆ᪥ᖖⓗಁ㐍ࡉࡏࡿྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡣከࡃ࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡇࡢ࠺ࡕࠕࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࠖࡣࠊ㝈ࡽࢀࡓ㛫ෆ ࠊᴦࡋࡳ࡞ࡀࡽඹ㏻ࡢ┠ᶆ㐩ᡂࢆ┠ᣦࡏࡿୖࠊほࡿࣔࣀࢆចࡁࡘࡅ࡚ឤືࡉࡏࠊሗࢆఏᦙࡍ ࠊᴦࡋࡳ࡞ࡀࡽඹ㏻ࡢ┠ᶆ㐩ᡂࢆ┠ᣦࡏࡿୖࠊほࡿࣔࣀࢆចࡁࡘࡅ࡚ឤືࡉࡏࠊሗࢆఏᦙࡍ ࡿ≉Ṧᛶࡍࡽᣢࡕഛ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡿ≉Ṧᛶࡍࡽᣢࡕഛ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㸰 ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ㏻ࡌࡓ㛤Ⓨ 㸰 ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ㏻ࡌࡓ㛤Ⓨ 㸰㸯 ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᅜ㝿㈉⊩ࡢⓎᒎ⤒⦋ 㸰㸯 ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᅜ㝿㈉⊩ࡢⓎᒎ⤒⦋ ㏆ᖺࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ⏺࡛ࡣࠊ/LWHUDF\㸦౯್⌮ゎ㸧 ࠊ,QWHJULW\㸦㧗₩ᛶ㸧 ࠊ/HJDF\㸦㑇⏘㸧࠸࠺⾲⌧ ㏆ᖺࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ⏺࡛ࡣࠊ/LWHUDF\㸦౯್⌮ゎ㸧 ࠊ,QWHJULW\㸦㧗₩ᛶ㸧 ࠊ/HJDF\㸦㑇⏘㸧࠸࠺⾲⌧ ࡀⰋࡃ⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢᣢ⥆ⓗ࡞ⓎᒎḞࡏ࡞࠸ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ ᖺ ࡀⰋࡃ⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢᣢ⥆ⓗ࡞ⓎᒎḞࡏ࡞࠸ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ ᖺ ௨㝆ࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ౯್⌮ゎࡀ㐍ࡳࠊ♫࠾ࡅࡿࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ⨨ࡅࡀኚࢃࡾጞࡵࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࣭ࣃ ௨㝆ࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ౯್⌮ゎࡀ㐍ࡳࠊ♫࠾ࡅࡿࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ⨨ࡅࡀኚࢃࡾጞࡵࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࣭ࣃ ࣮ࢯࣥࡢ♫ⓗ㈐௵⾜ືࡶ࠸࠺ࡁྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳⓎᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࣮ࢯࣥࡢ♫ⓗ㈐௵⾜ືࡶ࠸࠺ࡁྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳⓎᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡇࢀࡣࠊ ᖺ௦㉳ࡇࡗࡓࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ㈉⊩ࡢ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺ౫ࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࠊ୍ὶࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ㑅ᡭࠊࢫ ࡇࢀࡣࠊ ᖺ௦㉳ࡇࡗࡓࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ㈉⊩ࡢ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺ౫ࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࠊ୍ὶࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ㑅ᡭࠊࢫ ࣏࣮ࢶឡዲᐙࠊ♫⚟♴ᐙ➼ࡼࡗ࡚ᅜෆእࡢⲡࡢ᰿άືࡋ࡚㛤ጞࡉࢀࠊࡑࡢᐇຠᛶࡢ㧗ࡉࡽ ࣏࣮ࢶឡዲᐙࠊ♫⚟♴ᐙ➼ࡼࡗ࡚ᅜෆእࡢⲡࡢ᰿άືࡋ࡚㛤ጞࡉࢀࠊࡑࡢᐇຠᛶࡢ㧗ࡉࡽ ḟ➨ྛᅜ࣭ྛ⤌⧊ࡢᨻ⟇ⓗ࡞ࣞ࣋ࣝྲྀࡾ㎸ࡲࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓ㸦㹑㹂㹎㹇㹕㹅㸧 ࠋ ḟ➨ྛᅜ࣭ྛ⤌⧊ࡢᨻ⟇ⓗ࡞ࣞ࣋ࣝྲྀࡾ㎸ࡲࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓ㸦㹑㹂㹎㹇㹕㹅㸧 ࠋ ᖺ௦ධࡾᅜ㐃ົ⥲㛗ࡢᖹ㛤Ⓨࡢࡓࡵࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ≉ู㢳ၥࡀタ⨨ࡉࢀࡿࠊࡑࡢ₻ὶ ᖺ௦ධࡾᅜ㐃ົ⥲㛗ࡢᖹ㛤Ⓨࡢࡓࡵࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ≉ู㢳ၥࡀタ⨨ࡉࢀࡿࠊࡑࡢ₻ὶ ࡣຊᙉࡉࢆቑࡋࠊ ࠕᅜ㐃ᖹ㛤Ⓨࡢࡓࡵࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶົᒁ 㹓㹌㹍㹑㹂㹎 ࡢタ⨨ࠖ ࠊ ࠕᅜ㝿㆟ࡢᐉ ࡣຊᙉࡉࢆቑࡋࠊ ࠕᅜ㐃ᖹ㛤Ⓨࡢࡓࡵࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶົᒁ 㹓㹌㹍㹑㹂㹎 ࡢタ⨨ࠖ ࠊ ࠕᅜ㝿㆟ࡢᐉ ゝࠖ ࠊ ࠕᅜ㝿ᶵ㛵ࡢ⤌⧊ࠖ ࠊ ࠕྛᅜࡢἲไᗘࡢᨵኚࠖ ࠊ ࠕయ⫱ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᅜ㝿ᖺࡢタ⨨ࠖࢆᑟࡁࠊ࣓࣭࢞ ゝࠖ ࠊ ࠕᅜ㝿ᶵ㛵ࡢ⤌⧊ࠖ ࠊ ࠕྛᅜࡢἲไᗘࡢᨵኚࠖ ࠊ ࠕయ⫱ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᅜ㝿ᖺࡢタ⨨ࠖࢆᑟࡁࠊ࣓࣭࢞ ࣋ࣥࢺࡢຠᯝࡶ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊࡼࡾᙉᅛ࡞ᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺ㐍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡗࡓ㸦㹆㹅㸧 ࠋ ࣋ࣥࢺࡢຠᯝࡶ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊࡼࡾᙉᅛ࡞ᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺ㐍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡗࡓ㸦㹆㹅㸧 ࠋ ᖺࡢ➨ ḟ㹓㹌㹍㹑㹂㹎యไࡀᶞ❧ࡍࡿࠊ㛤Ⓨ⏺ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ⏺ࢆ௦⾲ࡍࡿ㹓㹌㹇㹍㹁ࡀ ᖺࡢ➨ ḟ㹓㹌㹍㹑㹂㹎యไࡀᶞ❧ࡍࡿࠊ㛤Ⓨ⏺ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ⏺ࢆ௦⾲ࡍࡿ㹓㹌㹇㹍㹁ࡀ ᮏ᱁ⓗ࡞ᙉㄪ⾜ືࢆྲྀࡾጞࡵࠊ ᖺࡢࠕᅜ㐃࣭ᖹ㛤Ⓨࡢࡓࡵࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢹ࣮ࠖ ࠊ ᖺࡢ ᮏ᱁ⓗ࡞ᙉㄪ⾜ືࢆྲྀࡾጞࡵࠊ ᖺࡢࠕᅜ㐃࣭ᖹ㛤Ⓨࡢࡓࡵࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢹ࣮ࠖ ࠊ ᖺࡢ 4XDOLW\3K\VLFDO(GXFDWLRQ*XLGHOLQH ࠊయ⫱ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᅜ㝿᠇❶ࡢᨵᐃ࡞ࠊ᪂ᪧවࡡྜࢃࡏࡓᨵ 4XDOLW\3K\VLFDO(GXFDWLRQ*XLGHOLQH ࠊయ⫱ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᅜ㝿᠇❶ࡢᨵᐃ࡞ࠊ᪂ᪧවࡡྜࢃࡏࡓᨵ ኚࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ኚࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㸰㸰 ᪂ࡓ࡞ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ⌮ゎ 㸰㸰 ᪂ࡓ࡞ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ⌮ゎ ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ㈉⊩ࡣࠊձࠕࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ㛤Ⓨࠖղࠕࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡼࡿ㛤Ⓨࠖճࠕࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ㏻ࡌࡓ㛤Ⓨࠖࡢ ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ㈉⊩ࡣࠊձࠕࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ㛤Ⓨࠖղࠕࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡼࡿ㛤Ⓨࠖճࠕࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ㏻ࡌࡓ㛤Ⓨࠖࡢ 㸱ࡘࡢ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜศ㢮ࡉࢀࡿࠋణࡋࠊࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢάືࡣࠊࡑࡢ୧➃ࢆ㉸࠼࡚ࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ 㸱ࡘࡢ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜศ㢮ࡉࢀࡿࠋణࡋࠊࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢάືࡣࠊࡑࡢ୧➃ࢆ㉸࠼࡚ࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ 㛵㐃⤌⧊ࡀ⾜࠺ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ⯆ࠊᡈࡣࠊ㛤Ⓨ㛵㐃⤌⧊ࡀ⾜࠺ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆྵࡲ࡞࠸ᨭάື᥎⛣ࡋ࡚ 㛵㐃⤌⧊ࡀ⾜࠺ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ⯆ࠊᡈࡣࠊ㛤Ⓨ㛵㐃⤌⧊ࡀ⾜࠺ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆྵࡲ࡞࠸ᨭάື᥎⛣ࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡃࡇ࡞ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊྛ㡿ᇦࡣಶูࡢᏑᅾ࠶ࡽࡎࠊྠᴗෆ」ᩘࡢ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࡀ␗࡞ࡿྜ ࠸ࡃࡇ࡞ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊྛ㡿ᇦࡣಶูࡢᏑᅾ࠶ࡽࡎࠊྠᴗෆ」ᩘࡢ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࡀ␗࡞ࡿྜ ࡛㓄⨨ࡉࢀࡿࠋ ࡛㓄⨨ࡉࢀࡿࠋ ࠕࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ㛤Ⓨࠖࡣࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ㛵㐃⤌⧊ࡸேᮦࡢ⫱ᡂࢆᅗࡿࡇ࡛ྛᆅࡢ♫㛵ಀ㈨ᮏࢆ㧗ࡵࠊ ࠕࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ㛤Ⓨࠖࡣࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ㛵㐃⤌⧊ࡸேᮦࡢ⫱ᡂࢆᅗࡿࡇ࡛ྛᆅࡢ♫㛵ಀ㈨ᮏࢆ㧗ࡵࠊ ᗣ࡛㇏࡞ᬽࡽࡋࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿຠᯝࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࠋḟࠕࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡼࡿ㛤Ⓨࠖࡣࠊྛேࡢே᱁ᙧ ᗣ࡛㇏࡞ᬽࡽࡋࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿຠᯝࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࠋḟࠕࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡼࡿ㛤Ⓨࠖࡣࠊྛேࡢே᱁ᙧ ᡂࡸ⏕άᢏ⬟ࢆྵࡴ࢚ࣥࣃ࣮࣓࣡ࣥࢺࡢຠᯝࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠕࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ㏻ࡌࡓ㛤Ⓨࠖࡣࠊ ᡂࡸ⏕άᢏ⬟ࢆྵࡴ࢚ࣥࣃ࣮࣓࣡ࣥࢺࡢຠᯝࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠕࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ㏻ࡌࡓ㛤Ⓨࠖࡣࠊ ྛᆅᇦㄢ㢟ࡢᨵၿࢆຍ㏿ࡉࡏࡿ₶Ἔࡋ࡚ࠊᡈࡣࠊ፹ࡋ࡚ᐇࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ྛᆅᇦㄢ㢟ࡢᨵၿࢆຍ㏿ࡉࡏࡿ₶Ἔࡋ࡚ࠊᡈࡣࠊ፹ࡋ࡚ᐇࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 25 25 ᙜヱ㡿ᇦ࡛ࡣࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ㈉⊩ᴗ㛵ࡍࡿከࡃࡢ⛠ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊᮏࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࡛࢘ࡣᅜ ᙜヱ㡿ᇦ࡛ࡣࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ㈉⊩ᴗ㛵ࡍࡿከࡃࡢ⛠ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊᮏࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࡛࢘ࡣᅜ ෆ࡛ࡢάືࢆ 'HYHORSPHQWWKRXJKW6SRUW''76ࠊᅜእ࡛ࡢάືࢆ ,QWHUQDWLRQDO'HYHORSPHQW ෆ࡛ࡢάືࢆ 'HYHORSPHQWWKRXJKW6SRUW''76ࠊᅜእ࡛ࡢάືࢆ ,QWHUQDWLRQDO'HYHORSPHQW ,'6 ⾲⌧ࡋ࡚༊ูࡍࡿඹࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ㈉⊩యࢆ 6SRUWIRU'HYHORSPHQWDQG WKURXJK6SRUW, ,'6 ⾲⌧ࡋ࡚༊ูࡍࡿඹࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ㈉⊩యࢆ 6SRUWIRU'HYHORSPHQWDQG WKURXJK6SRUW, 3HDFH6 6'3 ⛠ࡍࡿࠋ 3HDFH6 6'3 ⛠ࡍࡿࠋ ࡞࠾ࠊከ㠃ⓗ࡞ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝᵓ㐀ࡀୡ⏺ࡍࡿ♫≧ἣ࠸࡚ࠊྛᆅࡢ♫ࡀᦶ᧿ࢆ㉳ࡇࡉࡎࠊ ࡞࠾ࠊከ㠃ⓗ࡞ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝᵓ㐀ࡀୡ⏺ࡍࡿ♫≧ἣ࠸࡚ࠊྛᆅࡢ♫ࡀᦶ᧿ࢆ㉳ࡇࡉࡎࠊ ┦Ⓨᒎⓗ࡞Ⓨᒎࢆồࡵࡿࡣࠊྛ⮬ࡢᩥࡸఏ⤫ࢆᢲࡋࡅࡎࠊྛ♫ࡢ⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵࠊໟᦤࡋࠊ ┦Ⓨᒎⓗ࡞Ⓨᒎࢆồࡵࡿࡣࠊྛ⮬ࡢᩥࡸఏ⤫ࢆᢲࡋࡅࡎࠊྛ♫ࡢ⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵࠊໟᦤࡋࠊ ㄆࡵྜ࠺ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ㏻ࡌࡓ㹑㹂㹎άືࡀྍḞࡔゝ࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋ ㄆࡵྜ࠺ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ㏻ࡌࡓ㹑㹂㹎άືࡀྍḞࡔゝ࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋ 㸰㸱 ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ౯್ኚ $GDSWLYHVSRUW 㸰㸱 ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ౯್ኚ $GDSWLYHVSRUW ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡶᵝࠎ࡞ᆅᇦ࡛Ⓨ⚈ࡋࠊ㌟యᩥࢆక࠺ࡓࡵࠊᩥᖇᅜ⩏ⓗ࡞ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡼ ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡶᵝࠎ࡞ᆅᇦ࡛Ⓨ⚈ࡋࠊ㌟యᩥࢆక࠺ࡓࡵࠊᩥᖇᅜ⩏ⓗ࡞ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡼ ࠺ὀពࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋୡ⏺ࡢྛᆅⅬᅾࡍࡿఏ⤫ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡣࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ≉ᚩࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ ࠺ὀពࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋୡ⏺ࡢྛᆅⅬᅾࡍࡿఏ⤫ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡣࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ≉ᚩࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ ఏ⤫ࡸᩥࡀ⧊ࡾ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝゝㄒࡋ࡚ࡢ࣓ࢪ࣮ࣕࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡣࠊᚰࢆ㛤࠸ ఏ⤫ࡸᩥࡀ⧊ࡾ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝゝㄒࡋ࡚ࡢ࣓ࢪ࣮ࣕࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡣࠊᚰࢆ㛤࠸ ࡓ≧ែ࡛ከࡃࡢேࠎඹ㏻ࡢ᪉ἲ࡛ᑐヰࡍࡿࡇࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⪅ࢆཷᐜࡍࡿᘬࡁ㔠࡞ࡾᚓࡿ ࡓ≧ែ࡛ከࡃࡢேࠎඹ㏻ࡢ᪉ἲ࡛ᑐヰࡍࡿࡇࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⪅ࢆཷᐜࡍࡿᘬࡁ㔠࡞ࡾᚓࡿ ࡓࡵࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶὶࢆ⾜࠺㝿ࡣࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡑࡢࡶࡢࡢከᵝᛶࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡇࡀᮃࡲࡋ࠸ࠋ ࡓࡵࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶὶࢆ⾜࠺㝿ࡣࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡑࡢࡶࡢࡢከᵝᛶࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡇࡀᮃࡲࡋ࠸ࠋ ణࡋࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᐇ㊶ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ྛேࡢ┠ⓗᑐࡍࡿ┤᥋࣭㛫᥋ⓗ࡞ᡂᯝࢆồࡵࡿ㝿ࠊࡋ࡚ពᅗ ణࡋࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᐇ㊶ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ྛேࡢ┠ⓗᑐࡍࡿ┤᥋࣭㛫᥋ⓗ࡞ᡂᯝࢆồࡵࡿ㝿ࠊࡋ࡚ពᅗ ࡋ࡞࠸㑇⏘ࡀࡶࡓࡽࡉࢀࡿࠋ࡚ࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶཧຍ⪅ᑐࡋ࡚ṇࡢ㑇⏘࡛࠶ࢀࡤㄢ㢟ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ㈇ࡢ ࡋ࡞࠸㑇⏘ࡀࡶࡓࡽࡉࢀࡿࠋ࡚ࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶཧຍ⪅ᑐࡋ࡚ṇࡢ㑇⏘࡛࠶ࢀࡤㄢ㢟ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ㈇ࡢ 㑇⏘ࡀ⏕ࡌࡿᦶ᧿ࡸㄢ㢟ࡢཎᅉ࡞ࡾࡡ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࣭ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢᐇࡣ⣽ᚰࡢ 㑇⏘ࡀ⏕ࡌࡿᦶ᧿ࡸㄢ㢟ࡢཎᅉ࡞ࡾࡡ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࣭ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢᐇࡣ⣽ᚰࡢ ὀពࡀᡶࢃࢀࡿࡁ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ὀពࡀᡶࢃࢀࡿࡁ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ࣮ࣝࣝࡣඹ㏻⌮ゎࡼࡗ᳨࡚ウࡉࢀࡿࡇࡀᮃࡲࡋࡃࠊᐇᆅᇦ࠾ࡼࡧཧຍ⪅ࡢ≉ᛶࡸ㢼ᅵྜ ࣮ࣝࣝࡣඹ㏻⌮ゎࡼࡗ᳨࡚ウࡉࢀࡿࡇࡀᮃࡲࡋࡃࠊᐇᆅᇦ࠾ࡼࡧཧຍ⪅ࡢ≉ᛶࡸ㢼ᅵྜ ࢃࡏ᳨࡚ウࡍࡿࡇࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋཧຍ⪅≉ᛶࡢ᳨ウ࡛ࡣࠊᐇ㛵ࡍࡿタࠊ㐨ලࠊ⾰᭹ࠊไᗘࠊ ࢃࡏ᳨࡚ウࡍࡿࡇࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋཧຍ⪅≉ᛶࡢ᳨ウ࡛ࡣࠊᐇ㛵ࡍࡿタࠊ㐨ලࠊ⾰᭹ࠊไᗘࠊ ᪉ἲ➼ࢆ⪃៖ࡍࡁ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ ཧຍ⪅ࡀࣉ࣮ࣞࢆྵࡴ࡚ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆඹ᭷ࡋࠊ ⤒㦂▱ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿ୰࡛ࠊ ᪉ἲ➼ࢆ⪃៖ࡍࡁ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ ཧຍ⪅ࡀࣉ࣮ࣞࢆྵࡴ࡚ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆඹ᭷ࡋࠊ ⤒㦂▱ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿ୰࡛ࠊ ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ౯್ྛேࡢᩥⓗ┦㐪ᛶࢆ▱ࡿࡇࡀࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ♫ࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡋ࡚ࠊ࠶ࡿࡁ ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ౯್ྛேࡢᩥⓗ┦㐪ᛶࢆ▱ࡿࡇࡀࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ♫ࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡋ࡚ࠊ࠶ࡿࡁ ጼࡔឤࡌࡽࢀࡿࠋ ጼࡔឤࡌࡽࢀࡿࠋ ௨ୖࡢࡇࡽࠊ」㞧࣭」ᒙࡍࡿࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ♫࡛ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᅜ㝿㈉⊩ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆᐇࡍࡿ ௨ୖࡢࡇࡽࠊ」㞧࣭」ᒙࡍࡿࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ♫࡛ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᅜ㝿㈉⊩ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆᐇࡍࡿ ࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࡣࠊࡑࡢᜠᜨࢆཷࡅࡿ࡚ࡢࢫࢸ࣮ࢡ࣍ࣝࢲ࣮ࡗ࡚㐪ឤࡢ࡞࠸ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿ ࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࡣࠊࡑࡢᜠᜨࢆཷࡅࡿ࡚ࡢࢫࢸ࣮ࢡ࣍ࣝࢲ࣮ࡗ࡚㐪ឤࡢ࡞࠸ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿ ࡇࡀᮃࡲࡋࡃࠊཧຍ⪅➼ࡢᑐヰᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࠊࢲࣉࢸࣈ࡞࣮ࣝࣝࢆ᥇⏝ࡋࡓࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆྲྀࡾᢅ ࡇࡀᮃࡲࡋࡃࠊཧຍ⪅➼ࡢᑐヰᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࠊࢲࣉࢸࣈ࡞࣮ࣝࣝࢆ᥇⏝ࡋࡓࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆྲྀࡾᢅ ࠺ࡇࡀ㔜せ࡞ࢁ࠺ࠋ ࠺ࡇࡀ㔜せ࡞ࢁ࠺ࠋ 㸱 ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ౯್㐀 㸱 ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ౯್㐀 㸱㸯 ಶᛶࢆఙࡤࡍࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ 㸱㸯 ಶᛶࢆఙࡤࡍࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ ♫㛤Ⓨ࠾ࡅࡿከᩥඹ⏕ࡢᮍ᮶ྥࡅ࡚ࠊ ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ㏻ࡌࡓ♫㛤Ⓨࢆᐇ㊶ࡍࡿࡣࠊ ࡲࡎࠊ ♫㛤Ⓨ࠾ࡅࡿከᩥඹ⏕ࡢᮍ᮶ྥࡅ࡚ࠊ ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ㏻ࡌࡓ♫㛤Ⓨࢆᐇ㊶ࡍࡿࡣࠊ ࡲࡎࠊ ୡ⏺ᬽࡽࡍಶேᑐࡍࡿࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢࢡࢭࢫᶒࢆಖ㞀ࡍࡿࡇࡀ๓ᥦ࡞ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᖹ➼ᛶ ୡ⏺ᬽࡽࡍಶேᑐࡍࡿࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢࢡࢭࢫᶒࢆಖ㞀ࡍࡿࡇࡀ๓ᥦ࡞ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᖹ➼ᛶ ࢆಖࡕࠊ ࢚࢟ࢧࢸࣥࢢ࡞ࢤ࣮࣒ࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ ≉Ṧᛶࡢ࠶ࡿ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࡣ㑊ࡅࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ ࢆಖࡕࠊ ࢚࢟ࢧࢸࣥࢢ࡞ࢤ࣮࣒ࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ ≉Ṧᛶࡢ࠶ࡿ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࡣ㑊ࡅࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ ྠᵝᆅᇦࡢ⊂⮬ᛶࢆ㚷ࡳࡓࢤ࣮࣒ᵓ㐀ࢆཧຍ⪅ࡢ༠㆟ࡼࡗ࡚ᨵኚࡍࡿᚲせࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ ྠᵝᆅᇦࡢ⊂⮬ᛶࢆ㚷ࡳࡓࢤ࣮࣒ᵓ㐀ࢆཧຍ⪅ࡢ༠㆟ࡼࡗ࡚ᨵኚࡍࡿᚲせࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ 26 26 ⫥య⮬⏤⪅ࡢࣃ࣭ࣛࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࠊ⫈ぬ⮬⏤⪅ࡢࢹࣇ࣭ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࠊ⢭⚄⮬⏤⪅ࡢࢫ࣌ࢩ࣭ࣕࣝ ⫥య⮬⏤⪅ࡢࣃ࣭ࣛࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࠊ⫈ぬ⮬⏤⪅ࡢࢹࣇ࣭ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࠊ⢭⚄⮬⏤⪅ࡢࢫ࣌ࢩ࣭ࣕࣝ ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ➼ࡢ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜศࡅࡉࢀࡓࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊࣘࢽࣇࢻ࣭ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡸࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ࣭ࣝ ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ➼ࡢ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜศࡅࡉࢀࡓࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊࣘࢽࣇࢻ࣭ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡸࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ࣭ࣝ ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ㑅ᢥࡉࢀࡓ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࡀ⼥ྜࡋ࡚ᐇࡉࢀࡿࡲ࡛㐍ࡋጞࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠕࢺࢵࣉࢫ ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ㑅ᢥࡉࢀࡓ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࡀ⼥ྜࡋ࡚ᐇࡉࢀࡿࡲ࡛㐍ࡋጞࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠕࢺࢵࣉࢫ ࣏࣮ࢶࡋ࡚ࡢࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫྥୖࢆ㏣ồࡍࡿ➇ᢏ⪅ࡢ⯆ࢆ๐ࡄࠖ࡞ࡢ㈶ྰ୧ㄽࡀక࠺ࡇࢁ ࣏࣮ࢶࡋ࡚ࡢࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫྥୖࢆ㏣ồࡍࡿ➇ᢏ⪅ࡢ⯆ࢆ๐ࡄࠖ࡞ࡢ㈶ྰ୧ㄽࡀక࠺ࡇࢁ ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ ࠕ࣮ࣘࢫ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢⱝᖺᒙྥࡅࡢ➇ᢏ㑅ᢥࠖ ࠕ⏨ዪΰྜࡸ㝣ูඹྠࢳ࣮࣒⦅ᡂࠖ ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ ࠕ࣮ࣘࢫ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢⱝᖺᒙྥࡅࡢ➇ᢏ㑅ᢥࠖ ࠕ⏨ዪΰྜࡸ㝣ูඹྠࢳ࣮࣒⦅ᡂࠖ ࠕᩥᩍ⫱ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࠖ 㸦➉⏣㸧࡞ࡀⰋ࠸࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ࠕᩥᩍ⫱ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࠖ 㸦➉⏣㸧࡞ࡀⰋ࠸࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ᮾ༡ࢪ࡛ࡣࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ௨ୖⓑ⇕ࡋࠊ79 ᨺᫎࡢど⫈⋡ࡸほᡓ⋡ࡢ㧗࠸ᮾ༡ࢪ㸦6($㸧 ᮾ༡ࢪ࡛ࡣࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ௨ୖⓑ⇕ࡋࠊ79 ᨺᫎࡢど⫈⋡ࡸほᡓ⋡ࡢ㧗࠸ᮾ༡ࢪ㸦6($㸧 ࢤ࣮࣒ࢬ࡞ࡢᆅᇦ࡛ࡣࠊ࢘ࢩ࣮ࣗࠊ࣌ࢱࣥࢡࠊࢭࣃࢱࢡ࣮ࣟ࠸ࡗࡓ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ➇ᢏ✀┠ ࢤ࣮࣒ࢬ࡞ࡢᆅᇦ࡛ࡣࠊ࢘ࢩ࣮ࣗࠊ࣌ࢱࣥࢡࠊࢭࣃࢱࢡ࣮ࣟ࠸ࡗࡓ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ➇ᢏ✀┠ ௨እࡢᆅᇦࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ┒ࡾ㎸ࢇ࡛➇ᢏࢆ⦅ᡂࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ࣮ࣝࣝࡢᨵᐃࡶẖ㛤ࢀࡿ㐠Ⴀጤဨ ௨እࡢᆅᇦࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ┒ࡾ㎸ࢇ࡛➇ᢏࢆ⦅ᡂࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ࣮ࣝࣝࡢᨵᐃࡶẖ㛤ࢀࡿ㐠Ⴀጤဨ ࡛༠㆟ࡋ࡚Ỵᐃࡉࢀࡿ➼ࠊࢲࣉࢸࣈ࡞᪉␎ࡀ᥇⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦㹍㹁㸿㸧 ࠋ ࡛༠㆟ࡋ࡚Ỵᐃࡉࢀࡿ➼ࠊࢲࣉࢸࣈ࡞᪉␎ࡀ᥇⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦㹍㹁㸿㸧 ࠋ ௨ୖࡼ࠺ࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᐇ㊶⪅ࡀồࡵࡿࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᑐࡍࡿࠕ┠ⓗࠖࡣࠊ᪤Ꮡࡢ⌮ゎࢆ㉸࠼ጞࡵ࡚ ௨ୖࡼ࠺ࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᐇ㊶⪅ࡀồࡵࡿࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᑐࡍࡿࠕ┠ⓗࠖࡣࠊ᪤Ꮡࡢ⌮ゎࢆ㉸࠼ጞࡵ࡚ ࠾ࡾࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ⮬㌟ࡶࠊࡑࢀᛂ࠼ࡿࡓࡵࡢヨ⾜㘒ㄗࢆ㛤ጞࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᐇ㊶⪅ࡸࢫ࣏ ࠾ࡾࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ⮬㌟ࡶࠊࡑࢀᛂ࠼ࡿࡓࡵࡢヨ⾜㘒ㄗࢆ㛤ጞࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᐇ㊶⪅ࡸࢫ࣏ ࣮ࢶᐇᆅᇦ᭷┈࡞ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ㛤Ⓨ࣭⏕⏘ࡍࡿࡇࡀᮃࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࣮ࢶᐇᆅᇦ᭷┈࡞ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ㛤Ⓨ࣭⏕⏘ࡍࡿࡇࡀᮃࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㸱㸰 ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢᐇព⩏ 㸱㸰 ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢᐇព⩏ ࠕࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࣭ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡸࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࣭࣋ࣥࢺࡣఱࢆồࡵ࡚㛤ദࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ㸽ࠖࡲࡓࠊ ࠕࡑ ࠕࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࣭ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡸࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࣭࣋ࣥࢺࡣఱࢆồࡵ࡚㛤ദࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ㸽ࠖࡲࡓࠊ ࠕࡑ ࢀࡣࠊㄡࡢࡓࡵࡢࡶࡢ࡛ࠊఱࢆồࡵࡿࡁ࡞ࡢ㸽ࠖᗄᗘ࡞ࡃࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㆟ㄽ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢ ࢀࡣࠊㄡࡢࡓࡵࡢࡶࡢ࡛ࠊఱࢆồࡵࡿࡁ࡞ࡢ㸽ࠖᗄᗘ࡞ࡃࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㆟ㄽ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢ ⟅࠼ࡣࠊձദ⪅ࡸ㛤ദᆅࡢ⌧≧ղㄆྍ⤌⧊ࢆྲྀࡾᕳࡃ⎔ቃࢆศᯒࡍࡿࡇ୍࡛ᐃ⛬ᗘࡢ⟅࠼ࢆ ⟅࠼ࡣࠊձദ⪅ࡸ㛤ദᆅࡢ⌧≧ղㄆྍ⤌⧊ࢆྲྀࡾᕳࡃ⎔ቃࢆศᯒࡍࡿࡇ୍࡛ᐃ⛬ᗘࡢ⟅࠼ࢆ ᑟࡃࡇࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᑟࡃࡇࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡጤဨࡣࠊ/HJDF\3URJUDP 㛵ࡍࡿሗ࿌᭩㸦㹇㹍㹁㸧ࢆసᡂࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡇ ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡጤဨࡣࠊ/HJDF\3URJUDP 㛵ࡍࡿሗ࿌᭩㸦㹇㹍㹁㸧ࢆసᡂࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡇ ࡛ࡣࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚㐩ᡂࡉࢀࡓ㑇⏘ࢆࠕࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࠖ ࠕ♫ࠖ ࠕ⎔ቃࠖ ࠕ㒔ᕷࠖ ࠕ⤒῭ࠖࡢ ࡘศ㢮ࡋ࡚ ࡛ࡣࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚㐩ᡂࡉࢀࡓ㑇⏘ࢆࠕࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࠖ ࠕ♫ࠖ ࠕ⎔ቃࠖ ࠕ㒔ᕷࠖ ࠕ⤒῭ࠖࡢ ࡘศ㢮ࡋ࡚ ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚⾜ࢃࢀࡓࣞ࢞ࢩ࣮ᴗࡀ᫂♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊ㹇㹍㹁ࡢ┠ᣦࡍ᪉ྥᛶദ ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚⾜ࢃࢀࡓࣞ࢞ࢩ࣮ᴗࡀ᫂♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊ㹇㹍㹁ࡢ┠ᣦࡍ᪉ྥᛶദ 㒔ᕷࡸᅜࡢၥ㢟ព㆑ࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡇࡽࠊࣟࣥࢻ࣭ࣥࣞ࢞ࢩ࣮ࡢ୍⩼ࢆᢸ࠸ࠊ㏆ᖺࠊୡ⏺࡛⇿Ⓨⓗ 㒔ᕷࡸᅜࡢၥ㢟ព㆑ࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡇࡽࠊࣟࣥࢻ࣭ࣥࣞ࢞ࢩ࣮ࡢ୍⩼ࢆᢸ࠸ࠊ㏆ᖺࠊୡ⏺࡛⇿Ⓨⓗ 㐍ᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠕࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ㈉⊩ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࠖࡢグ㍕ࡀぢᙜࡓࡽ࡞࠸➼ࠊ㛤ദᆅࡀసᡂࡍࡿሗ࿌᭩ࡢ 㐍ᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠕࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ㈉⊩ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࠖࡢグ㍕ࡀぢᙜࡓࡽ࡞࠸➼ࠊ㛤ദᆅࡀసᡂࡍࡿሗ࿌᭩ࡢ ㄪࡀ⏕ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ㄪࡀ⏕ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ദ㒔ᕷ࠾ࡼࡧᅜࡣࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ➇ᢏබⓗ㈨㔠ࢆᢞࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡽࠊྛᅜࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ㛵㐃 ദ㒔ᕷ࠾ࡼࡧᅜࡣࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ➇ᢏබⓗ㈨㔠ࢆᢞࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡽࠊྛᅜࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ㛵㐃 ἲࡸᅜ㝿㛵ಀἲ౫ࡿࡇࢁࡶࡁࡃࠊᑠつᶍࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡶᆅᇦⓗ࡞⌧≧ࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ ἲࡸᅜ㝿㛵ಀἲ౫ࡿࡇࢁࡶࡁࡃࠊᑠつᶍࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡶᆅᇦⓗ࡞⌧≧ࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ ⏕⏘ࡋࠊᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋᅜᐙⓗ࡞つᶍ࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡿሙྜࠊࡑࡢከࡃࡀࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶἲ࡞‽ᣐ ⏕⏘ࡋࠊᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋᅜᐙⓗ࡞つᶍ࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡿሙྜࠊࡑࡢከࡃࡀࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶἲ࡞‽ᣐ ࡍࡿሙྜࡶከ࠸ࠋ᪥ᮏࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᇶᮏἲ࡛ࡣࠊ ࠕᅜẸࡾ႐ࡧࠊክឤືࢆ࠼ࠊᅜẸࡢࢫ࣏࣮ ࡍࡿሙྜࡶከ࠸ࠋ᪥ᮏࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᇶᮏἲ࡛ࡣࠊ ࠕᅜẸࡾ႐ࡧࠊክឤືࢆ࠼ࠊᅜẸࡢࢫ࣏࣮ ࢶࡢ㛵ᚰࢆ㧗ࡵ㸦୰␎㸧♫άຊࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡋࠊᅜẸ⤒῭ࡢⓎᒎᗈࡃᐤࡍࡿࠖグࡉࢀ࡚࠸ ࢶࡢ㛵ᚰࢆ㧗ࡵ㸦୰␎㸧♫άຊࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡋࠊᅜẸ⤒῭ࡢⓎᒎᗈࡃᐤࡍࡿࠖグࡉࢀ࡚࠸ ࡿࡇࡽࠊࡇࢀࡽࢆᫎࡋࡓࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣞ࢞ࢩ࣮ᴗࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡿࡇࡽࠊࡇࢀࡽࢆᫎࡋࡓࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣞ࢞ࢩ࣮ᴗࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࣭ࣇ࢛࣮࣭ࢺ࣮ࣔࣟ㸦㹑㹄㹒㸧⛠ࡉࢀࡿࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛࡣࠊඛ♧ࡋࡓࠕ/LWHUDF\ࠖ ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࣭ࣇ࢛࣮࣭ࢺ࣮ࣔࣟ㸦㹑㹄㹒㸧⛠ࡉࢀࡿࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛࡣࠊඛ♧ࡋࡓࠕ/LWHUDF\ࠖ ࠕ,QWHJULW\ࠖ ࠕ/HJDF\ࠖࡢ Ⅼࡀ┒ࡾ㎸ࡲࢀࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ $FDGHP\$QWLGRSLQJᡓ␎ⓗᅜ㛫ࢫ࣏ ࠕ,QWHJULW\ࠖ ࠕ/HJDF\ࠖࡢ Ⅼࡀ┒ࡾ㎸ࡲࢀࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ $FDGHP\$QWLGRSLQJᡓ␎ⓗᅜ㛫ࢫ࣏ ࣮ࢶ㈉⊩ᴗࡋ࡚ᐇࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮍࡔᡭ᥈ࡾ≧ែࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊከࡃࡢࢫࢸ࣮ࢡ࣍ ࣮ࢶ㈉⊩ᴗࡋ࡚ᐇࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮍࡔᡭ᥈ࡾ≧ែࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊከࡃࡢࢫࢸ࣮ࢡ࣍ ࣝࢲ࣮ࡀཧຍࡍࡿ㹑㹄㹒ࢥࣥࢯ࣮ࢩ࣒ࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀࠊᚋࡢᗈࡀࡾࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࣝࢲ࣮ࡀཧຍࡍࡿ㹑㹄㹒ࢥࣥࢯ࣮ࢩ࣒ࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀࠊᚋࡢᗈࡀࡾࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 27 27 ࡉ࠸ࡈ ࡉ࠸ࡈ ௨ୖࡢ᳨ウ࡛ㄢ㢟ࡸゎỴ᪉ἲࡀከᵝࡍࡿୡ⏺ࡢ✲ᴟⓗ࡞┠ᶆࡣࠊୡ⏺ࢆᬑ㐢ⓗࢢ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝ ௨ୖࡢ᳨ウ࡛ㄢ㢟ࡸゎỴ᪉ἲࡀከᵝࡍࡿୡ⏺ࡢ✲ᴟⓗ࡞┠ᶆࡣࠊୡ⏺ࢆᬑ㐢ⓗࢢ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝ ࡉࡏࠊࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝ࡞⌮ゎࢆಖࡗࡓ≧ἣ࡛ࠊಶࠎࡀࡑࡢ୍㒊ࢆ⼥ྜࡉࡏࠊᖖ㌿ࡍࡿୡ⏺࡛࠶ࡿ ࡉࡏࠊࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝ࡞⌮ゎࢆಖࡗࡓ≧ἣ࡛ࠊಶࠎࡀࡑࡢ୍㒊ࢆ⼥ྜࡉࡏࠊᖖ㌿ࡍࡿୡ⏺࡛࠶ࡿ ࡇࢆ❚࠸▱ࡿࡇࡀฟ᮶ࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ」㞧㹕㹃㹀ࡍࡿ♫࡛ࢢ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿࡣࠊ ࠕࣝ ࡇࢆ❚࠸▱ࡿࡇࡀฟ᮶ࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ」㞧㹕㹃㹀ࡍࡿ♫࡛ࢢ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿࡣࠊ ࠕࣝ ࣮ࣝࡢ㑂Ᏺ࡛ࠖࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ ࠕㄔᐇ⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵ࡚ࠊ࠸ࡢಶᛶࢆᑛ㔜ࡋྜ࠸ࠊಶᛶࢆ⏕ࡍ♫ࠖࢆ᪥ ࣮ࣝࡢ㑂Ᏺ࡛ࠖࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ ࠕㄔᐇ⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵ࡚ࠊ࠸ࡢಶᛶࢆᑛ㔜ࡋྜ࠸ࠊಶᛶࢆ⏕ࡍ♫ࠖࢆ᪥ ᖖⓗᐇࡍࡿ⎔ቃࢆᩚ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡣࠊ ࡑࡢ≉Ṧᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓࠋ ᖖⓗᐇࡍࡿ⎔ቃࢆᩚ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡣࠊ ࡑࡢ≉Ṧᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓࠋ ከᒱரࡿㄢ㢟ࢆゎỴࡍࡿ┠ⓗ࡛ ᖺ௦ᮏ᱁ጞືࡋࡓࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᅜ㝿㈉⊩άືࡣࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࣭ ከᒱரࡿㄢ㢟ࢆゎỴࡍࡿ┠ⓗ࡛ ᖺ௦ᮏ᱁ጞືࡋࡓࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᅜ㝿㈉⊩άືࡣࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࣭ ࣃ࣮ࢯࣥࡢ♫ⓗ㈐௵⾜ືࡶ࠸࠺ࡁಶேࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡋ࡚Ⓨᒎࡋࠊᅜ㝿⤌⧊ࡢồࡵࡿࢱ࣑ࣥ ࣃ࣮ࢯࣥࡢ♫ⓗ㈐௵⾜ືࡶ࠸࠺ࡁಶேࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡋ࡚Ⓨᒎࡋࠊᅜ㝿⤌⧊ࡢồࡵࡿࢱ࣑ࣥ 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࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ᪥ࡣ㠀ᖖ␗࡞ࡗࡓᑓ㛛ศ㔝ࡢ᪉ࠎࠊࡘࡲࡾᩥே㢮Ꮫࡢ᪉ࡶ࠾ࡽࢀࢀࡤࠊయ⫱ Ꮫࡢ᪉ࡶ࠾ࡽࢀࢀࡤࠊ㞀ᐖᑓ㛛ࠊ㞀ᐖᏛࡀࡈᑓ㛛ࡢ᪉ࡶ࠾ࡽࢀࢀࡤࠊ㛤Ⓨࡢ᪉࠸࠺ලྜࠊ㐪ࡗ Ꮫࡢ᪉ࡶ࠾ࡽࢀࢀࡤࠊ㞀ᐖᑓ㛛ࠊ㞀ᐖᏛࡀࡈᑓ㛛ࡢ᪉ࡶ࠾ࡽࢀࢀࡤࠊ㛤Ⓨࡢ᪉࠸࠺ලྜࠊ㐪ࡗ ࡓศ㔝ࡢ᪉ࡀ࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊࡑࡢ㐪ࡗࡓศ㔝ࡢ᪉ඹ㏻ࡢ㉁ၥࢆࡍࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ࠸ࢁࢇ࡞᪉ ࡓศ㔝ࡢ᪉ࡀ࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊࡑࡢ㐪ࡗࡓศ㔝ࡢ᪉ඹ㏻ࡢ㉁ၥࢆࡍࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ࠸ࢁࢇ࡞᪉ ࡢࡈពぢࢆ࠾⪺ࡁ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡢࡈពぢࢆ࠾⪺ࡁ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ ᐇࡣ⚾ࡣࡇࡢ㛫ࠊ࠶ࡿ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢసᐙࡢ᪉ࠊ࢚ࢵࢭࢫࢺ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ࡞ࡾⴭ᫂࡞᪉ ᐇࡣ⚾ࡣࡇࡢ㛫ࠊ࠶ࡿ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢసᐙࡢ᪉ࠊ࢚ࢵࢭࢫࢺ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ࡞ࡾⴭ᫂࡞᪉ ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ᪉ࡀ㠀ᖖ࠾ࡶࡋࢁ࠸ࡇࢆゝࢃࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡣ ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ᪉ࡀ㠀ᖖ࠾ࡶࡋࢁ࠸ࡇࢆゝࢃࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡣ ࡸࡵ࡚ࡋࡲ࠼ࠊゝ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢ᪉࡛ࡍࡀࡡࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡣࡸࡵ࡚ࡋࡲ࠼ࠋ࠺ࡋ࡚ ࡸࡵ࡚ࡋࡲ࠼ࠊゝ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢ᪉࡛ࡍࡀࡡࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡣࡸࡵ࡚ࡋࡲ࠼ࠋ࠺ࡋ࡚ ࠋ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ୰ࣥࢡ࣮ࣝࢩࣈࠊࣥࢡ࣮ࣝࢪࣙࣥࡍࢀࡤ࠸࠸ࡌࡷ࡞࠸ࠋ ࣓ ࠋ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ୰ࣥࢡ࣮ࣝࢩࣈࠊࣥࢡ࣮ࣝࢪࣙࣥࡍࢀࡤ࠸࠸ࡌࡷ࡞࠸ࠋ ࣓ ࣮ࢺࣝ➇㉮ࠋࡑࢀࡣࡶࡢࡍࡈ࠸㸷⛊࠸ࡃࡘ࡛㉮ࡿேࡶ࠸ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋḟࡣ㌴࠸ࡍࡢ ࣓࣮ࢺࣝࠋḟ ࣮ࢺࣝ➇㉮ࠋࡑࢀࡣࡶࡢࡍࡈ࠸㸷⛊࠸ࡃࡘ࡛㉮ࡿேࡶ࠸ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋḟࡣ㌴࠸ࡍࡢ ࣓࣮ࢺࣝࠋḟ ࡣ⩏㊊ࡢ ࣓࣮ࢺࣝࠋ࣐ࣛࢯࣥࡶᬑ㏻ࡢ࣐ࣛࢯࣥࡀ࠶ࢀࡤࠊ㌴࠸ࡍࡢ࣐ࣛࢯࣥࠊ୍⥴ࡸࢀࡤ࠸ ࡣ⩏㊊ࡢ ࣓࣮ࢺࣝࠋ࣐ࣛࢯࣥࡶᬑ㏻ࡢ࣐ࣛࢯࣥࡀ࠶ࢀࡤࠊ㌴࠸ࡍࡢ࣐ࣛࢯࣥࠊ୍⥴ࡸࢀࡤ࠸ ࠸ࡌࡷ࡞࠸ࠋ࡞ࡣࠊ㞴ࡋ࠸✀┠ࡶ࠶ࡿࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࡅࢀࡶࠊࡇࢀࡇࡑࡀࣥࢡ࣮ࣝࢪࣙ ࠸ࡌࡷ࡞࠸ࠋ࡞ࡣࠊ㞴ࡋ࠸✀┠ࡶ࠶ࡿࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࡅࢀࡶࠊࡇࢀࡇࡑࡀࣥࢡ࣮ࣝࢪࣙ ࣥࡢᮏᙜࡢጼࡌࡷ࡞࠸ࠋ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢆูࠎࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡇࡑࡀࡲࡉ ࣥࡢᮏᙜࡢጼࡌࡷ࡞࠸ࠋ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢆูࠎࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡇࡑࡀࡲࡉ 㞀ᐖ⪅ࢆ༊ูࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ୍⥴ࡍࡁࡔ࠸࠺ࡇࢆ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢ࠶ࡿసᐙࡢ᪉ࡀゝࢃࢀࡲࡋ 㞀ᐖ⪅ࢆ༊ูࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ୍⥴ࡍࡁࡔ࠸࠺ࡇࢆ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢ࠶ࡿసᐙࡢ᪉ࡀゝࢃࢀࡲࡋ ࡓࠋ ࡓࠋ ࡉ࡚ࠊࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ⚾ࡣⓙࡉࢇ୍యࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢆ㝈ࡾ࡞ࡃ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ㏆࡙ࡅࡿ࠸ࢁࢇ࡞ࡸ ࡉ࡚ࠊࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ⚾ࡣⓙࡉࢇ୍యࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢆ㝈ࡾ࡞ࡃ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ㏆࡙ࡅࡿ࠸ࢁࢇ࡞ࡸ ࡾ᪉ࡢࡦࡘࡋ࡚࡛ࡍࡡࠊࡇ࠺ࡇࡣᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸࠸ࡇ࡞ࡢ࠺ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࡇࡲ࡛ࡸࡿ ࡾ᪉ࡢࡦࡘࡋ࡚࡛ࡍࡡࠊࡇ࠺ࡇࡣᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸࠸ࡇ࡞ࡢ࠺ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࡇࡲ࡛ࡸࡿ ࡁ࡞ࡢ࠸࠺ࡇࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡈពぢࢆᢎࡾࡓ࠸ᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋᐇ㝿࡛ࡁࡿ࠺࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࡶ ࡁ࡞ࡢ࠸࠺ࡇࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡈពぢࢆᢎࡾࡓ࠸ᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋᐇ㝿࡛ࡁࡿ࠺࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࡶ ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ⌮ᛕࡋ࡚ࡣࡑ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࡁࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࡀࠊࡑ࠺⡆༢ࡌࡷ࡞࠸ࠋࡣࡓࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ᪉ྥ ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ⌮ᛕࡋ࡚ࡣࡑ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࡁࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࡀࠊࡑ࠺⡆༢ࡌࡷ࡞࠸ࠋࡣࡓࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ᪉ྥ ࢆ┠ᣦࡍࡁ࡞ࡢࠋ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡣࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡋ࡚⊂⮬ࡢࢹࣥࢸࢸ ࢆ┠ᣦࡍࡁ࡞ࡢࠋ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡣࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡋ࡚⊂⮬ࡢࢹࣥࢸࢸ ࢆᣢࡘࠊ⊂⮬ࡢࡋ࡚Ꮡᅾࡋ⥆ࡅࡿࡁ࡞ࡢࠋࡲࡓࡣࠊᏑᅾࡋ⥆ࡅࡿࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ࡞ࡿࡃ࢜ ࢆᣢࡘࠊ⊂⮬ࡢࡋ࡚Ꮡᅾࡋ⥆ࡅࡿࡁ࡞ࡢࠋࡲࡓࡣࠊᏑᅾࡋ⥆ࡅࡿࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ࡞ࡿࡃ࢜ ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ㏆࠸ᙧ࡛⥆ࡅࡿࡁࡔ࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡢࠋࡑࡢⅬࡘ࠸࡚ࡕࡻࡗࡈពぢࢆᢎࡾࡓ࠸ ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ㏆࠸ᙧ࡛⥆ࡅࡿࡁࡔ࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡢࠋࡑࡢⅬࡘ࠸࡚ࡕࡻࡗࡈពぢࢆᢎࡾࡓ࠸ ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠋ ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠋ 㸦㟷ᮌಖ㸧 ࡢ࠾ヰ࡛ᛮ࠸ฟࡍࡢࡣࠊࣟࢩࡢࢯࢳᏘ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࡛ࡍࠋ࠶ࡢࡁࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆ 㸦㟷ᮌಖ㸧 ࡢ࠾ヰ࡛ᛮ࠸ฟࡍࡢࡣࠊࣟࢩࡢࢯࢳᏘ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࡛ࡍࠋ࠶ࡢࡁࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆ ࢵࢡࡀ⤊ࢃࡗ࡚ࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡධࡗࡓࡁࢡ࣑࡛ࣜࡢ⣮தࡀ㉳ࡇࡗ࡚ࠊࢇࡑࡗࡕࡢ ࢵࢡࡀ⤊ࢃࡗ࡚ࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡධࡗࡓࡁࢡ࣑࡛ࣜࡢ⣮தࡀ㉳ࡇࡗ࡚ࠊࢇࡑࡗࡕࡢ 29 29 ࠺㛵ᚰࡀ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓ࠸࠺グ᠈ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࠺㛵ᚰࡀ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓ࠸࠺グ᠈ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡘࡲࡾࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢࡁࡣࣉ࣮ࢳࣥࡉࢇࡀ᮶࡚ࡕࡷࢇࡸࡗࡓࡅࢀࡶࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ ࡘࡲࡾࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢࡁࡣࣉ࣮ࢳࣥࡉࢇࡀ᮶࡚ࡕࡷࢇࡸࡗࡓࡅࢀࡶࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ ⛣ࡗࡓࡽᛴ⣮தࡀ๓㠃ฟ࡚ࡁ࡚ࠊࡑࡗࡕࡢ࠺㛵ᚰࡀ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࠋ࠶ࢀࡀ㇟ᚩⓗࡔࡗࡓ ⛣ࡗࡓࡽᛴ⣮தࡀ๓㠃ฟ࡚ࡁ࡚ࠊࡑࡗࡕࡢ࠺㛵ᚰࡀ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࠋ࠶ࢀࡀ㇟ᚩⓗࡔࡗࡓ ᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ ᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ ࠊᑠࡉࢇࡀ࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡗࡓほⅬࡽゝ࠼ࡤࠊᇶᮏⓗࡣࡸࡗࡥࡾ୍⥴ࡸࡗࡓ࠺ࡀ࠸࠸⚾ ࠊᑠࡉࢇࡀ࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡗࡓほⅬࡽゝ࠼ࡤࠊᇶᮏⓗࡣࡸࡗࡥࡾ୍⥴ࡸࡗࡓ࠺ࡀ࠸࠸⚾ ࡣᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㞀ᐖ⪅ᖖ⪅ࢆศࡅ࡚ࡸࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡣࠊඛࠊࢸࢵࣃ࣮ඛ⏕ࡀ࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡗࡓࡅ ࡣᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㞀ᐖ⪅ᖖ⪅ࢆศࡅ࡚ࡸࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡣࠊඛࠊࢸࢵࣃ࣮ඛ⏕ࡀ࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡗࡓࡅ ࠊពእ㞴ࡋ࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࡼࠋ࡛ࡍࡽࠊᇶᮏⓗࡣྠࡌࡼ࠺ࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ୰࡛ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆ ࠊពእ㞴ࡋ࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࡼࠋ࡛ࡍࡽࠊᇶᮏⓗࡣྠࡌࡼ࠺ࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ୰࡛ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆ ࢵࢡࡢฟሙ⪅ࡢ㐩ᡂࡢࡍࡤࡽࡋࡉ࠸࠺ࡢࡶࠊࡑࢀࡽᬑ㏻ࡢࡑ࠺࠸࠺㞀ᐖࢆᣢࡗ࡚࡞࠸ேࡢࡍࡤ ࢵࢡࡢฟሙ⪅ࡢ㐩ᡂࡢࡍࡤࡽࡋࡉ࠸࠺ࡢࡶࠊࡑࢀࡽᬑ㏻ࡢࡑ࠺࠸࠺㞀ᐖࢆᣢࡗ࡚࡞࠸ேࡢࡍࡤ ࡽࡋࡉ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡶࠊྠࡌே㛫ࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᑐࡍࡿጼໃࡋ࡚♧ࡏࢀࡤ࠸࠸ࡋࠊᑗ᮶ⓗࡣ୍⥴ ࡽࡋࡉ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡶࠊྠࡌே㛫ࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᑐࡍࡿጼໃࡋ࡚♧ࡏࢀࡤ࠸࠸ࡋࠊᑗ᮶ⓗࡣ୍⥴ ࡸࡿࡁࡔ⚾ࡣᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡸࡿࡁࡔ⚾ࡣᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 㸦ࢢࢻ࣭ࣝࣥࢻࣝࢸࢵࣃ࣮㸧 ୡ⏺ࡢேࡓࡕពぢࢆࡁ࠸ࡓࡽࠊከศ࠸ࢁࢇ࡞⟅࠼ࡀฟ࡚ࡃࡿᛮ 㸦ࢢࢻ࣭ࣝࣥࢻࣝࢸࢵࣃ࣮㸧 ୡ⏺ࡢேࡓࡕពぢࢆࡁ࠸ࡓࡽࠊከศ࠸ࢁࢇ࡞⟅࠼ࡀฟ࡚ࡃࡿᛮ ࠸ࡲࡍࡡࠋ⚾ࠊ ᖺࠊ ᖺ๓࡛ࡍࡅࢀࡶᮾி᮶ࡲࡋࡓࠋᅜ㝿ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡጤဨࡀᡓ␎ィ ࠸ࡲࡍࡡࠋ⚾ࠊ ᖺࠊ ᖺ๓࡛ࡍࡅࢀࡶᮾி᮶ࡲࡋࡓࠋᅜ㝿ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡጤဨࡀᡓ␎ィ ⏬㆟࠸࠺ࡢࢆࡑࡢࡁࡸࡗ࡚ࠊ ࡑࢀࡀ᪥ᮏ࡛㛤ദࡉࢀ࡚ࠊ ⚾ࡣࡑࡇ࡛ྖ⪅ࢆົࡵࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ ⏬㆟࠸࠺ࡢࢆࡑࡢࡁࡸࡗ࡚ࠊ ࡑࢀࡀ᪥ᮏ࡛㛤ദࡉࢀ࡚ࠊ ⚾ࡣࡑࡇ࡛ྖ⪅ࢆົࡵࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺࢆศࡅࡿࡁࠊࡑࢀࡶ⤫ྜࡍࡁ࠸ ࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺࢆศࡅࡿࡁࠊࡑࢀࡶ⤫ྜࡍࡁ࠸ ࠺ࡇࢆ㆟ㄽ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋᢞ⚊ࡋࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ࠺ࡔࡗࡓࠋ࣭ ࡛┿ࡗࡘศࢀ ࠺ࡇࢆ㆟ㄽ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋᢞ⚊ࡋࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ࠺ࡔࡗࡓࠋ࣭ ࡛┿ࡗࡘศࢀ ࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡡࠋࡘࡲࡾࢫ࣮ࣜࢺࡢ༙ศࠊ⤌⧊ጤဨഃࡢேࡓࡕࡢ༙ศࡀ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺ ࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡡࠋࡘࡲࡾࢫ࣮ࣜࢺࡢ༙ศࠊ⤌⧊ጤဨഃࡢேࡓࡕࡢ༙ศࡀ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺ ࡢ୰ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺࢆධࢀࡓ࠺ࡀ࠸࠸ࠊࢤ࣮࣒ࢆ୍⥴ࡸࡗࡓ࠺ࡀ࠸࠸ࢇࡌ ࡢ୰ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺࢆධࢀࡓ࠺ࡀ࠸࠸ࠊࢤ࣮࣒ࢆ୍⥴ࡸࡗࡓ࠺ࡀ࠸࠸ࢇࡌ ࡷ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇࢆゝࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡷ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇࢆゝࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ ṧࡾࡢ༙ศࡢேࡓࡕࡣఱゝࡗࡓࠋ⤯ᑐ↓⌮ࡔࠋ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵ ṧࡾࡢ༙ศࡢேࡓࡕࡣఱゝࡗࡓࠋ⤯ᑐ↓⌮ࡔࠋ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵ ࢡ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺࡀ㏆࡙ࡃ࠸࠺ࡇࡣ࠶ࡾᚓ࡞࠸ࠊࠋࡇࢀࡣ⊂❧ࡋࡓ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ࢜ ࢡ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺࡀ㏆࡙ࡃ࠸࠺ࡇࡣ࠶ࡾᚓ࡞࠸ࠊࠋࡇࢀࡣ⊂❧ࡋࡓ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ࢜ ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺ࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ⮬❧ᛶࢆᢸಖࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࢇࡔࠊṚᏲࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸࠸࠺ ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺ࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ⮬❧ᛶࢆᢸಖࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࢇࡔࠊṚᏲࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸࠸࠺ ࡇࢆゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡇࢆゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ ⚾ࡣྖࢆࡋࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ┿ࢇ୰ࡢேࡀࡔࢀࡶ࠸࡞࠸࠸࠺≧ἣ࡛ࠊྖ⪅ࡣኚ࡞ᛮ࠸ࢆ࠸ࡓ ⚾ࡣྖࢆࡋࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ┿ࢇ୰ࡢேࡀࡔࢀࡶ࠸࡞࠸࠸࠺≧ἣ࡛ࠊྖ⪅ࡣኚ࡞ᛮ࠸ࢆ࠸ࡓ ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ᪥ྠࡌ㉁ၥࢆࡋࡓࡽࡳࢇ࡞ࡣఱゝ࠺ࠋ㑅ᡭࡓࡕࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᙺဨࠊᅜ㝿ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆ ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ᪥ྠࡌ㉁ၥࢆࡋࡓࡽࡳࢇ࡞ࡣఱゝ࠺ࠋ㑅ᡭࡓࡕࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᙺဨࠊᅜ㝿ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆ ࢵࢡጤဨࡢᙺဨ࡛ࡍࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺࡢேࡓࡕࠊ㹇㹍㹁ࡢ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡓࡕࡀఱゝ ࢵࢡጤဨࡢᙺဨ࡛ࡍࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺࡢேࡓࡕࠊ㹇㹍㹁ࡢ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡓࡕࡀఱゝ ࠺ࠋ⚾ࡣࡑࢀࡣࢃࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡑࢀࡣࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓ ᖺ๓ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞㆟ㄽࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ ࠺ࠋ⚾ࡣࡑࢀࡣࢃࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡑࢀࡣࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓ ᖺ๓ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞㆟ㄽࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ ࡽ࡛ࡍࠋ࡛ࡶࠊᖿ㒊ࡢேࡓࡕࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㑅ᡭࡢேࡓࡕಶேⓗ࠾ヰࢆࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࡽゝ࠸ࡲࡍࠊ ࡽ࡛ࡍࠋ࡛ࡶࠊᖿ㒊ࡢேࡓࡕࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㑅ᡭࡢேࡓࡕಶேⓗ࠾ヰࢆࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࡽゝ࠸ࡲࡍࠊ ᑠඛ⏕ࡀ࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡗࡓࠊࡑࡢ࢚ࣆࢯ࣮ࢻࡽࡶࢃࡿࡼ࠺ࠊពぢࡣ࡛ࡶศ᩿ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸ ᑠඛ⏕ࡀ࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡗࡓࠊࡑࡢ࢚ࣆࢯ࣮ࢻࡽࡶࢃࡿࡼ࠺ࠊពぢࡣ࡛ࡶศ᩿ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸ ࠺≧ἣࡀ⥆࠸࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࠺≧ἣࡀ⥆࠸࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࢀࡽ㸰ࡘ┠ࠋࡼࡃᅜ㐃ࡢ㞀ᐖ⪅ᶒ᮲⣙ࡢ⤡ࡳ࡛ࡇࡢ㆟ㄽࡣࡉࢀࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡅࢀࡶࠊ ࡑࢀࡽ㸰ࡘ┠ࠋࡼࡃᅜ㐃ࡢ㞀ᐖ⪅ᶒ᮲⣙ࡢ⤡ࡳ࡛ࡇࡢ㆟ㄽࡣࡉࢀࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡅࢀࡶࠊ ࡃࡢㄗゎࡀ࠶ࡿᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ᮲⣙ࡣ㸰ࡘࡢ࢜ࣉࢩࣙࣥࡀつᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㸯ࡘࡢ࢜ࣉࢩࣙࣥ ࡃࡢㄗゎࡀ࠶ࡿᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ᮲⣙ࡣ㸰ࡘࡢ࢜ࣉࢩࣙࣥࡀつᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㸯ࡘࡢ࢜ࣉࢩࣙࣥ ࡣࠊὶࡢඹ⏕ࠊࣥࢡ࣮ࣝࢩࣈ࡞ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ➇ᢏ࡛࠶ࡿࡁࡔ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࠋࡑࢀࡽࡶ࠺㸯ࡘࡣ ࡣࠊὶࡢඹ⏕ࠊࣥࢡ࣮ࣝࢩࣈ࡞ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ➇ᢏ࡛࠶ࡿࡁࡔ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࠋࡑࢀࡽࡶ࠺㸯ࡘࡣ ู㏵ࠊ㞀ᐖ⪅ྥࡅࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ࣋ࣥࢺࢆࡸࡿ࢜ࣉࢩࣙࣥࡶ࠶ࡿࡁࡔ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣ ู㏵ࠊ㞀ᐖ⪅ྥࡅࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ࣋ࣥࢺࢆࡸࡿ࢜ࣉࢩࣙࣥࡶ࠶ࡿࡁࡔ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣ ᮲ࡢ㸳࠸࠺ࡇࢁ᭩࠸࡚࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࡛ࡍࡢ࡛ࠊ᮲⣙ࡣࡍ࡚ࢆࣥࢡ࣮ࣝࢩࣈࡸࢀゝࡗ࡚ ᮲ࡢ㸳࠸࠺ࡇࢁ᭩࠸࡚࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࡛ࡍࡢ࡛ࠊ᮲⣙ࡣࡍ࡚ࢆࣥࢡ࣮ࣝࢩࣈࡸࢀゝࡗ࡚ ࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ேࡣ࠸ࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀࡶࠊࡑࢀࡣㄗゎ࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋࡕࡷࢇࡑࡢ᮲⣙ࡢᮏᩥࢆㄞࡴࡁࡔ ࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ேࡣ࠸ࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀࡶࠊࡑࢀࡣㄗゎ࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋࡕࡷࢇࡑࡢ᮲⣙ࡢᮏᩥࢆㄞࡴࡁࡔ ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 30 30 㸦ᑠ㸧 ࡇࡢᅜ㝿᮲⣙ࡀ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࢆࡶ࠺㸯ᅇ㉳ࡋ࡚ࡃࡔࡉࡗ࡚࠶ࡾࡀ࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ 㸦ᑠ㸧 ࡇࡢᅜ㝿᮲⣙ࡀ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࢆࡶ࠺㸯ᅇ㉳ࡋ࡚ࡃࡔࡉࡗ࡚࠶ࡾࡀ࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ 㸦⸨⏣⣖㸧 ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢタ⪅࡛࠶ࡿࢡ࣮࣋ࣝࢱࣥࡣከᵝᛶࢆㄆࡵ࡚࠸ࡃ࠸࠺ࡇࢆᐇࡣ 㸦⸨⏣⣖㸧 ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢタ⪅࡛࠶ࡿࢡ࣮࣋ࣝࢱࣥࡣከᵝᛶࢆㄆࡵ࡚࠸ࡃ࠸࠺ࡇࢆᐇࡣ ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓࡇࢆ⪃࠼ࢀࡤࠊ୍⥴ࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡃ࠸࠺ࡇࡶ࠶ࡾ࡞ࡢ ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓࡇࢆ⪃࠼ࢀࡤࠊ୍⥴ࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡃ࠸࠺ࡇࡶ࠶ࡾ࡞ࡢ ࡞ࡣᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡓࡔࠊࢸࢡࢽ࢝ࣝ࡞㒊ศ࡛ࡣ㠀ᖖ㞴ࡋ࠸࠸࠺ࡇࡀ࠶ࡿᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡞ࡣᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡓࡔࠊࢸࢡࢽ࢝ࣝ࡞㒊ศ࡛ࡣ㠀ᖖ㞴ࡋ࠸࠸࠺ࡇࡀ࠶ࡿᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ࠺ࡣ㹇㹎㹁ࡀࡑࡢࢥ࣭ࣂ࣮ࣜࣗࡢ୰ࡢ㸯ࡘࢡ࢜ࣜࢸ࠸࠺ ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ࠺ࡣ㹇㹎㹁ࡀࡑࡢࢥ࣭ࣂ࣮ࣜࣗࡢ୰ࡢ㸯ࡘࢡ࢜ࣜࢸ࠸࠺ ࡇࢆᥖࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡡࠋࡑࢀࢆ㠃ⓗᢲࡋฟࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡇࢆᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊࡸࡣ ࡇࢆᥖࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡡࠋࡑࢀࢆ㠃ⓗᢲࡋฟࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡇࢆᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊࡸࡣ ࡾࡑࢀࡣูࠎࡸࡗࡓ࠺ࡀᙉ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸⪃࠼ࡲࡍࠋ ࡾࡑࢀࡣูࠎࡸࡗࡓ࠺ࡀᙉ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸⪃࠼ࡲࡍࠋ ࡓࡔᐇ㝿ࠊࢩࢻࢽ࣮ࡢ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢࡁࡣ࣮࢜ࣉࣥ➇ᢏࡋ࡚㌴࠸ࡍࡢ ࣓࣮ࢺࣝ ࡓࡔᐇ㝿ࠊࢩࢻࢽ࣮ࡢ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢࡁࡣ࣮࢜ࣉࣥ➇ᢏࡋ࡚㌴࠸ࡍࡢ ࣓࣮ࢺࣝ ࣓࣮ࢺࣝࡀ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ୰࡛⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ࡛ࡍࡽࠊࡑࡇࡢᢡࡾྜ࠸ࡀࡘࡃࡇࢁ࡛ ࣓࣮ࢺࣝࡀ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ୰࡛⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ࡛ࡍࡽࠊࡑࡇࡢᢡࡾྜ࠸ࡀࡘࡃࡇࢁ࡛ ࡣ୍⥴ࡸࡿ㒊ศࡣ୍⥴ࡸࢀࡿࠋ࡛ࡶࠊูࠎ࡛ࡸࡿࡁࡇࢁࡣูࠎ࡛ࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵ ࡣ୍⥴ࡸࡿ㒊ศࡣ୍⥴ࡸࢀࡿࠋ࡛ࡶࠊูࠎ࡛ࡸࡿࡁࡇࢁࡣูࠎ࡛ࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵ ࢡࡢ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡀࡃ㐪࠺࠸࠺ࡇࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺㒊ศࢆྵࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ ࢡࡢ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡀࡃ㐪࠺࠸࠺ࡇࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺㒊ศࢆྵࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ ࠸࠺ࡇࢆ▱ࡽࡏࡿࡓࡵࡣࠊ࠶ࡿ㒊ศࠊྵࡵ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡶᚲせ࡞ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࠸࠺ࡇࢆ▱ࡽࡏࡿࡓࡵࡣࠊ࠶ࡿ㒊ศࠊྵࡵ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡶᚲせ࡞ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡓࡔࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢഃࡣ⊂⮬ࡢᙇ࠸࠺ࡢࡀ࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡽࠊࡑࡇࢆᡴࡕฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡓ ࡓࡔࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢഃࡣ⊂⮬ࡢᙇ࠸࠺ࡢࡀ࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡽࠊࡑࡇࢆᡴࡕฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡓ ࡵࡣࠊࡸࡣࡾࡁ࡞࣋ࣥࢺࡋู࡚㛤ദࡋࡓ࠺ࡀ⚾ࡣ࠸࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡞⪃࠼ࡲࡍࠋ ࡵࡣࠊࡸࡣࡾࡁ࡞࣋ࣥࢺࡋู࡚㛤ദࡋࡓ࠺ࡀ⚾ࡣ࠸࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡞⪃࠼ࡲࡍࠋ 㸦ᑠ㸧 ᒣཱྀඛ⏕ࡣ࠸ࡀ࡛ࡍࠋ 㸦ᑠ㸧 ᒣཱྀඛ⏕ࡣ࠸ࡀ࡛ࡍࠋ 㸦ᒣཱྀᣅ㸧 ඛࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣛࢮ࣮ࢩ࣮ࣙࣥࣟ࢝ࣜࢮ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡀྜయࡋ࡚࠸࠺ࠊ࠸࠸㒊ศ 㸦ᒣཱྀᣅ㸧 ඛࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣛࢮ࣮ࢩ࣮ࣙࣥࣟ࢝ࣜࢮ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡀྜయࡋ࡚࠸࠺ࠊ࠸࠸㒊ศ ࢆࡗ࡚ࠊࢢ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣛࢮ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࠸࠺ὶࢀࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ࠸࠺ヰࢆࡋࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ⚾ࡢሙྜࡣᢡ⾺ ࢆࡗ࡚ࠊࢢ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣛࢮ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࠸࠺ὶࢀࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ࠸࠺ヰࢆࡋࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ⚾ࡢሙྜࡣᢡ⾺ ࡛ࡋ࡚ࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡣ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࡛Ꮡᅾࡋࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡣࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࡛Ꮡᅾࡋࠊࡲࡓࠊ ࡛ࡋ࡚ࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡣ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࡛Ꮡᅾࡋࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡣࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࡛Ꮡᅾࡋࠊࡲࡓࠊ ࢜ࣜࣃࣛࢤ࣮࣒ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࡶᏑᅾࡋ࡚ࡶ࠸࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸⪃࠼ࡲࡍࠋ ࢜ࣜࣃࣛࢤ࣮࣒ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࡶᏑᅾࡋ࡚ࡶ࠸࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸⪃࠼ࡲࡍࠋ ࡶࡋࡍࡿ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡഃࡢᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡഃࡢᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡀ㐪࠺ྍ⬟ ࡶࡋࡍࡿ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡഃࡢᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡഃࡢᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡀ㐪࠺ྍ⬟ ᛶࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊඹ㏻ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶ࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࠊࡔࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࡶ࠺ ࡘࢤ࣮࣒ࢆࡘࡃࡗ࡚㸱ࡘࢤ ᛶࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊඹ㏻ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶ࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࠊࡔࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࡶ࠺ ࡘࢤ࣮࣒ࢆࡘࡃࡗ࡚㸱ࡘࢤ ࣮࣒ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡽ࠸ࡀᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࣮࣒ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡽ࠸ࡀᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 㸦ᑠ㸧 ࡛ࡣṧࡾࡢ㛫ࢆࢃࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔ࠸࡚ࠊࡏࡗࡃ᪥ࡣ㟷ᮌඛ⏕ࡶ࠸ࡽࡗࡋࡷ࠸ࡲࡍࡢ 㸦ᑠ㸧 ࡛ࡣṧࡾࡢ㛫ࢆࢃࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔ࠸࡚ࠊࡏࡗࡃ᪥ࡣ㟷ᮌඛ⏕ࡶ࠸ࡽࡗࡋࡷ࠸ࡲࡍࡢ ࡛ࠊᩥࡢヰࢆࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡛ࠊᩥࡢヰࢆࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶάືᩥⓗάືࡣࠊࡶ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢ♫ཧຍࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ࢚ࣥࣃ࣮࣓࣡ࣥࢺࢆᙉࡵࡿᡭ ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶάືᩥⓗάືࡣࠊࡶ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢ♫ཧຍࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ࢚ࣥࣃ࣮࣓࣡ࣥࢺࢆᙉࡵࡿᡭ ẁ࡞ࡾᚓࡿࡋࠊ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊࡋࡋࠊ࣮ࢺࡶࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡶྠࡌࡼ࠺㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢ♫ ẁ࡞ࡾᚓࡿࡋࠊ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊࡋࡋࠊ࣮ࢺࡶࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡶྠࡌࡼ࠺㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢ♫ ཧຍࡢຊ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠊࡑࢀࡶࡑࡇࡣࡸࡣࡾ㐪࠸ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ࡞ࡐࡇ࠺࠸࠺㉁ ཧຍࡢຊ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠊࡑࢀࡶࡑࡇࡣࡸࡣࡾ㐪࠸ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ࡞ࡐࡇ࠺࠸࠺㉁ ၥࢆࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡃゝ࠺ࠊࡇ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࢆゝ࠺ேࡀ࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࡛ࡣࠊ࡛ࡁࡿࡔ ၥࢆࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡃゝ࠺ࠊࡇ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࢆゝ࠺ேࡀ࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࡛ࡣࠊ࡛ࡁࡿࡔ ࡅ㞀ᐖࢆࡾ㉺࠼ࡿࡇࠊ࠶ࡿព࡛ࡣ㞀ᐖࢆ࡞ࡃࡍࡇࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑ࠺࠸࠺グ㘓ࢆఙࡤࡍࡓ ࡅ㞀ᐖࢆࡾ㉺࠼ࡿࡇࠊ࠶ࡿព࡛ࡣ㞀ᐖࢆ࡞ࡃࡍࡇࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑ࠺࠸࠺グ㘓ࢆఙࡤࡍࡓ ࡵࡣ㞀ᐖࢆඞ᭹ࡍࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡵࡣ㞀ᐖࢆඞ᭹ࡍࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡋࡋࠊ࣮ࢺ࡛ࡣ㞀ᐖࢆ⾲⌧ࡍࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㞀ᐖࢆ㞀ᐖࡋ࡚ࠊಶᛶࡋ࡚ᚭᗏⓗ㞀ᐖࢆ ࡋࡋࠊ࣮ࢺ࡛ࡣ㞀ᐖࢆ⾲⌧ࡍࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㞀ᐖࢆ㞀ᐖࡋ࡚ࠊಶᛶࡋ࡚ᚭᗏⓗ㞀ᐖࢆ ⾲ฟࡍࡇࡀ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢ࣮ࢺ࡛࠶ࡿࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠊ࠸࠺ࡇࢆ࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡿேࡶ࠾ࡽࢀࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ ⾲ฟࡍࡇࡀ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢ࣮ࢺ࡛࠶ࡿࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠊ࠸࠺ࡇࢆ࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡿேࡶ࠾ࡽࢀࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ ୍యࠊ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢ♫ཧຍ࠸࠺ࡇࢆ⪃࠼ࡓࡁࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࣥࢡ࣮ࣝࢪࣙࣥ࠸࠺ࡇࢆ⪃࠼ ୍యࠊ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢ♫ཧຍ࠸࠺ࡇࢆ⪃࠼ࡓࡁࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࣥࢡ࣮ࣝࢪࣙࣥ࠸࠺ࡇࢆ⪃࠼ ࡓࡁࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࡢࣥࢡ࣮ࣝࢪࣙࣥⱁ⾡άືࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࡢࣥࢡ࣮ࣝࢪࣙࣥ࠸࠺ࡢ ࡓࡁࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࡢࣥࢡ࣮ࣝࢪࣙࣥⱁ⾡άືࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࡢࣥࢡ࣮ࣝࢪࣙࣥ࠸࠺ࡢ ࡣྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞ࡇࡔ⪃࠼࡚࠸࠸ࡢࠋࡑࢀࡶࡸࡗࡥࡾ㐪࠺ࡢࠊࡑࡢⅬࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࡼ࠺࠾ ࡣྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞ࡇࡔ⪃࠼࡚࠸࠸ࡢࠋࡑࢀࡶࡸࡗࡥࡾ㐪࠺ࡢࠊࡑࡢⅬࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࡼ࠺࠾ ⪃࠼ࠊࡕࡻࡗࡈពぢࢆ࠾ఛ࠸ࡋࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ⪃࠼ࠊࡕࡻࡗࡈពぢࢆ࠾ఛ࠸ࡋࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 31 31 㸦㟷ᮌ㸧 ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࣮ࢺ࠸࠺ࡢࡣఝ࡚࠸ࡿ㒊ศࡶ࠶ࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀࡶࠊࡶࡕࢁࢇ㐪࠺㒊ศࡶ 㸦㟷ᮌ㸧 ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࣮ࢺ࠸࠺ࡢࡣఝ࡚࠸ࡿ㒊ศࡶ࠶ࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀࡶࠊࡶࡕࢁࢇ㐪࠺㒊ศࡶ ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࡛ࡍࡽࠊ⚾ࡶࡶࠊ࠼ࡤࠊ ༊ࡢ㞀ᐖࢆᣢࡘඣ❺ࡢ᪉ࡢ⨾⾡ᒎ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࢆẖᖺࡸ ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࡛ࡍࡽࠊ⚾ࡶࡶࠊ࠼ࡤࠊ ༊ࡢ㞀ᐖࢆᣢࡘඣ❺ࡢ᪉ࡢ⨾⾡ᒎ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࢆẖᖺࡸ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀࡶࠋࡇࢀࢆぢࡲࡍࠊ᭱ึࡣ㞀ᐖࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿඣ❺ࡢ⤮ࡔ࠸࠺ࡩ࠺ࠊ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀࡶࠋࡇࢀࢆぢࡲࡍࠊ᭱ึࡣ㞀ᐖࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿඣ❺ࡢ⤮ࡔ࠸࠺ࡩ࠺ࠊ ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶඛධほⓗᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࠊぢ࡚࠸ࡿ࠺ࡕࠊࡑࡢ⨾ࠊ⨾ࡋࡉ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡀ⊂⮬ࡢ ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶඛධほⓗᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࠊぢ࡚࠸ࡿ࠺ࡕࠊࡑࡢ⨾ࠊ⨾ࡋࡉ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡀ⊂⮬ࡢ ㍤ࡁࢆᣢࡘࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚ࠊ ࡑࢀࡣぢ⤊ࢃࡗࡓᚋࡣࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࢆࡶ࠺⪃࠼࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡘࡲࡾࠊ ㍤ࡁࢆᣢࡘࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚ࠊ ࡑࢀࡣぢ⤊ࢃࡗࡓᚋࡣࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࢆࡶ࠺⪃࠼࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡘࡲࡾࠊ ࡸࡗࡥࡾே㛫ࡢ⨾ࡢ㏣ồࡔឤࡌ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇࡀከ࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ ࡸࡗࡥࡾே㛫ࡢ⨾ࡢ㏣ồࡔឤࡌ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇࡀከ࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ ࣮ࢺ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ☜࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡿࡼ࠺ࠊ㞀ᐖࢆᣢࡘ࠸࠺ࡇࡀᚲࡎࡋࡶࣁࣥࢹ࡞ࡿ ࣮ࢺ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ☜࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡿࡼ࠺ࠊ㞀ᐖࢆᣢࡘ࠸࠺ࡇࡀᚲࡎࡋࡶࣁࣥࢹ࡞ࡿ ࡣ㝈ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ㏫ࡍࡈ࠸㞀ᐖࢆᣢࡘࡇࡼࡗ࡚࠶ࡽࢃࢀࡿ⨾ࡢୡ⏺࠸࠺ࡢࡀฟ࡚ࡃࡿࠊࠋ ࡣ㝈ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ㏫ࡍࡈ࠸㞀ᐖࢆᣢࡘࡇࡼࡗ࡚࠶ࡽࢃࢀࡿ⨾ࡢୡ⏺࠸࠺ࡢࡀฟ࡚ࡃࡿࠊࠋ ࡇࢀࡣୡ⏺ⓗ࡞ྡ⏬ࡢ୰ࡑࢀࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡅࢀࡶࠋ ࡇࢀࡣୡ⏺ⓗ࡞ྡ⏬ࡢ୰ࡑࢀࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡅࢀࡶࠋ ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࠸࠺ࡢࡶࠊࡓࡔࠊඛࡀ㠀ᖖឤ⃭ࡋࡓࡢࡣࠊࢲࣉࢸࢵࢻࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࠊࡑࢀ ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࠸࠺ࡢࡶࠊࡓࡔࠊඛࡀ㠀ᖖឤ⃭ࡋࡓࡢࡣࠊࢲࣉࢸࢵࢻࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࠊࡑࢀ ࡽࢡ࢚ࣜࢸࣈࠊࡇࡢ㸰ࡘࢆࡸࡾࡲࡍࠊࡣࠊࡘࡲࡾ࠶ࡽࡺࡿࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢࠊࡘࡲࡾࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆ ࡽࢡ࢚ࣜࢸࣈࠊࡇࡢ㸰ࡘࢆࡸࡾࡲࡍࠊࡣࠊࡘࡲࡾ࠶ࡽࡺࡿࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢࠊࡘࡲࡾࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆ ࢵࢡࡢሙྜࡶᖖ⪅ࡀࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢫ࣏࣮ࢶྜࢃࡏࡿࡗ࡚࠸࠺࣮ࣝࣝࠊྜࢃࡏ࡞ࡀࡽࡑࢀࢆ㐩 ࢵࢡࡢሙྜࡶᖖ⪅ࡀࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢫ࣏࣮ࢶྜࢃࡏࡿࡗ࡚࠸࠺࣮ࣝࣝࠊྜࢃࡏ࡞ࡀࡽࡑࢀࢆ㐩 ᡂࡍࡿ࠸࠺᪉ྥ࡛ࡍࡀࠋࡸࡗࡥࡾࢲࣉࢸࢵࢻࢡ࢚ࣜࢸࣈ࠸࠺ࡃ㐪࠺᪂ࡋ࠸ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ ᡂࡍࡿ࠸࠺᪉ྥ࡛ࡍࡀࠋࡸࡗࡥࡾࢲࣉࢸࢵࢻࢡ࢚ࣜࢸࣈ࠸࠺ࡃ㐪࠺᪂ࡋ࠸ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ ࡢᙧ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࢆ㏣ồࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡣࠊ㏫ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢆ୍⥴ࡸࡿࡇ ࡢᙧ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࢆ㏣ồࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡣࠊ㏫ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢆ୍⥴ࡸࡿࡇ ࡼࡗ࡚ฟ࡚ࡃࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࡡࠋᡃࠎࡣ☜ඛࡽᖖ⪅ࠊ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡗ࡚ゝࡗ࡚ ࡼࡗ࡚ฟ࡚ࡃࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࡡࠋᡃࠎࡣ☜ඛࡽᖖ⪅ࠊ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡗ࡚ゝࡗ࡚ ࡲࡍࡀࠊ㞀ᐖ⪅࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ㞀ᐖࡗ࡚ࡢࡣ࠸ࡘ࡛ࡶᣢࡘྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡇࢆฟࡓ㏵➃ࠊ᪥ࡢ ࡲࡍࡀࠊ㞀ᐖ⪅࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ㞀ᐖࡗ࡚ࡢࡣ࠸ࡘ࡛ࡶᣢࡘྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡇࢆฟࡓ㏵➃ࠊ᪥ࡢ ࡗࡢࣂࢫࡳࡓ࠸ࠊࢻ࣮ࣥ᮶ࡓࡽࠊࡶ࠺ࠊᡃࠎࡶ▐㛫ࡋ࡚㞀ᐖࢆᣢࡘே㛫࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ ࡗࡢࣂࢫࡳࡓ࠸ࠊࢻ࣮ࣥ᮶ࡓࡽࠊࡶ࠺ࠊᡃࠎࡶ▐㛫ࡋ࡚㞀ᐖࢆᣢࡘே㛫࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ ࢃࡅ࡛ࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺༴㝤ᛶࡀᖖ࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡽࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࢆ⪃࠼ࡘࡘࠊࡇࡢၥ㢟ࡣぢ࡚࠸ࡃ ࢃࡅ࡛ࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺༴㝤ᛶࡀᖖ࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡽࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࢆ⪃࠼ࡘࡘࠊࡇࡢၥ㢟ࡣぢ࡚࠸ࡃ ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ୧᪉ࡶࠊࡸࡗࡥࡾே㛫ࡗ࡚ࡢࡀࡘࡃࡾࡔࡋࡓᩥ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡣᐇ࡛ࠊ⮬↛≧ែ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࢇ࡛ ୧᪉ࡶࠊࡸࡗࡥࡾே㛫ࡗ࡚ࡢࡀࡘࡃࡾࡔࡋࡓᩥ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡣᐇ࡛ࠊ⮬↛≧ែ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࢇ࡛ ࡍࡼࠋࡔࡽࠊே㛫ࡀࡘࡃࡾࡔࡋࡓᩥ࠸࠺ࡇࡢㄆ㆑ࢆᣢࡘࡇࡣኚ㔜せࡔᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡍࡼࠋࡔࡽࠊே㛫ࡀࡘࡃࡾࡔࡋࡓᩥ࠸࠺ࡇࡢㄆ㆑ࢆᣢࡘࡇࡣኚ㔜せࡔᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 㸦ᑠ㸧 ࠺ࡶ࠶ࡾࡀ࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋṧࡾࡢ࠾୕᪉࡛࠺࡛ࡍࠋ 㸦ᑠ㸧 ࠺ࡶ࠶ࡾࡀ࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋṧࡾࡢ࠾୕᪉࡛࠺࡛ࡍࠋ 㸦ࢻࣝࢸࢵࣃ࣮㸧 ࡕࡻࡗࡔࡅ▷࠸ࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࢆࠋࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࣮ࢺࡣඹ㏻㡯ࡶ࠸ࡗࡥ࠸࠶ࡿࢃ 㸦ࢻࣝࢸࢵࣃ࣮㸧 ࡕࡻࡗࡔࡅ▷࠸ࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࢆࠋࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࣮ࢺࡣඹ㏻㡯ࡶ࠸ࡗࡥ࠸࠶ࡿࢃ ࡅ࡛ࡍࠋศ㔝ࡋ࡚ࡣࡶࡕࢁࢇ㐪࠸ࡲࡍࡅࢀࡶࠋࡕࡽ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࡀၥࢃࢀࡿ ࡅ࡛ࡍࠋศ㔝ࡋ࡚ࡣࡶࡕࢁࢇ㐪࠸ࡲࡍࡅࢀࡶࠋࡕࡽ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࡀၥࢃࢀࡿ ࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ㞀ᐖ࠸࠺ࡢࡣ ࡘ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࠊࡓࡔ㞀ᐖࡀ࠶ࡿ࠺ࡀၥ㢟࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾ ࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ㞀ᐖ࠸࠺ࡢࡣ ࡘ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࠊࡓࡔ㞀ᐖࡀ࠶ࡿ࠺ࡀၥ㢟࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾ ࡲࡏࢇࠋどぬ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡶ࠸ࢀࡤࠊᚰ㌟㞀ᐖ⪅ࡶ࠶ࢀࡤࠊ㌴࠸ࡍࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ᪉ࡶ࠸ࡿࠊ⫈ぬ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡶ ࡲࡏࢇࠋどぬ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡶ࠸ࢀࡤࠊᚰ㌟㞀ᐖ⪅ࡶ࠶ࢀࡤࠊ㌴࠸ࡍࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ᪉ࡶ࠸ࡿࠊ⫈ぬ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡶ ࠸ࡿࠋ㞀ᐖゝࡗ࡚ࡶ㸯ࡘ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ ࠸ࡿࠋ㞀ᐖゝࡗ࡚ࡶ㸯ࡘ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࡛ࡶࡑ࠺࡛ࡍࡅࢀࡶࠊ࣮ࢺ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࡀ࡛ࡍࠋࡶ⨾ࡋࡉ ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࡛ࡶࡑ࠺࡛ࡍࡅࢀࡶࠊ࣮ࢺ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࡀ࡛ࡍࠋࡶ⨾ࡋࡉ ࠸࠺ࡢࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆࡍࡿࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆぢࡿࠊࡑࢀࡀ㞀ᐖ⪅࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ᖖ⪅࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ ࠸࠺ࡢࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆࡍࡿࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆぢࡿࠊࡑࢀࡀ㞀ᐖ⪅࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ᖖ⪅࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ 㛵ಀ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡑࡢேࡀఱࢆࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠊఱࢆࡘࡃࡾฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠊ㐀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ 㛵ಀ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡑࡢேࡀఱࢆࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠊఱࢆࡘࡃࡾฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠊ㐀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ࠊࡇࡢ㐀ຊ࠸࠺ࡢࡀᴟࡵ࡚㔜せ࡞ᙺࢆᯝࡓࡍࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ ࠊࡇࡢ㐀ຊ࠸࠺ࡢࡀᴟࡵ࡚㔜せ࡞ᙺࢆᯝࡓࡍࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ ඛ࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓఏ⤫ⓗ࡞ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡶᛀࢀ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡅࡲࡏࢇࠋఏ⤫ⓗ࡞ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ୰ ඛ࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓఏ⤫ⓗ࡞ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡶᛀࢀ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡅࡲࡏࢇࠋఏ⤫ⓗ࡞ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ୰ ࡶ⨾ࡋࡉࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ⨾ࠊࡇࢀࢆᛀࢀ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࠋఏ⤫ⓗ࡞ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ⨾ࡶᛀࢀ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡶ⨾ࡋࡉࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ⨾ࠊࡇࢀࢆᛀࢀ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࠋఏ⤫ⓗ࡞ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ⨾ࡶᛀࢀ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞➇ᢏࡢୡ⏺ࡀ࠶ࡿࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࡅࢀࡶࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡධࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸➇ᢏࡶ ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞➇ᢏࡢୡ⏺ࡀ࠶ࡿࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࡅࢀࡶࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡධࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸➇ᢏࡶ ࠸ࡗࡥ࠸࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࡛ࡶࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡධࡗ࡚࠸࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶࡳࢇ࡞ࡀ⇕୰࡛ࡁࡿࠊᚰࢆ୍ࡘࡍࡿ ࠸ࡗࡥ࠸࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࡛ࡶࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡධࡗ࡚࠸࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶࡳࢇ࡞ࡀ⇕୰࡛ࡁࡿࠊᚰࢆ୍ࡘࡍࡿ ࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠊࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓ➇ᢏࡶ࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡑ࠺࠸࠺࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝ࡞ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡀ࠶ࡿࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏ ࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠊࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓ➇ᢏࡶ࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡑ࠺࠸࠺࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝ࡞ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡀ࠶ࡿࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏ 32 32 ࢇࠋ࡛ࡶࠊࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ୰ࡶ⨾ࡀ࠶ࡿࠊ⨾ࡋࡉࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑ࠺࠸࠺ព࡛ࡣࡇࢀࡣࢫ࣏࣮ ࢇࠋ࡛ࡶࠊࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ୰ࡶ⨾ࡀ࠶ࡿࠊ⨾ࡋࡉࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑ࠺࠸࠺ព࡛ࡣࡇࢀࡣࢫ࣏࣮ ࢶゝࡗ࡚ࡶࠊ࣮ࢺ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ ࢶゝࡗ࡚ࡶࠊ࣮ࢺ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ 㸦⸨⏣㸧 ࢻࣝࢸࢵࣃ࣮ඛ⏕ࡀ࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡗࡓࠊఱࢆࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࢁࡣྠࡌࡔ 㸦⸨⏣㸧 ࢻࣝࢸࢵࣃ࣮ඛ⏕ࡀ࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡗࡓࠊఱࢆࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࢁࡣྠࡌࡔ ࠸࠺ࡇ㈶ྠࡋࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡶ࣮ࢺࡶࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡶᇶᮏⓗࡣྠࡌࡔ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡓࡔࠊ᮲௳ࡀ ࠸࠺ࡇ㈶ྠࡋࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡶ࣮ࢺࡶࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡶᇶᮏⓗࡣྠࡌࡔ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡓࡔࠊ᮲௳ࡀ ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢሙྜࡣࡓ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࠊ㏿ࡃ㉮ࡽ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇࡀ࠶ࡾࡲ ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢሙྜࡣࡓ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࠊ㏿ࡃ㉮ࡽ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇࡀ࠶ࡾࡲ ࡍࠋ ࡘࡢ≀ᕪࡋࡔࡅ࡛⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡃࠊࡑࢀࡣࡾ㉺࠼࡞ࡁࡷ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࠊ㞀ᐖࡣࡾ㉺࠼࡞ࡁ ࡍࠋ ࡘࡢ≀ᕪࡋࡔࡅ࡛⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡃࠊࡑࢀࡣࡾ㉺࠼࡞ࡁࡷ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࠊ㞀ᐖࡣࡾ㉺࠼࡞ࡁ ࡷ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࡀࠋ ࡷ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࡀࠋ ぢ᪉ࢆኚ࠼ࡿࠊ࠼ࡤ⩏㊊࡛㉮ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿேࠊࣂࣛࣥࢫᝏࡃ㌿ࡧࡑ࠺࡞ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽ㉮ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿே ぢ᪉ࢆኚ࠼ࡿࠊ࠼ࡤ⩏㊊࡛㉮ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿேࠊࣂࣛࣥࢫᝏࡃ㌿ࡧࡑ࠺࡞ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽ㉮ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿே ࢆぢ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡣከศグ㘓ⓗࡣᝏ࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀࡶࠊ୍᪉࡛ࠊྑ㊊ᕥ㊊㐪࠺⣲ᮦࡢேࡀ㌿ࡤࡎ ࢆぢ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡣከศグ㘓ⓗࡣᝏ࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀࡶࠊ୍᪉࡛ࠊྑ㊊ᕥ㊊㐪࠺⣲ᮦࡢேࡀ㌿ࡤࡎ ㉮ࡿ࠺࠼࡛ࠊࡍࡈࡃࣂࣛࣥࢫࡢ࠸࠸㉮ࡾࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡩ࠺ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ୰ ㉮ࡿ࠺࠼࡛ࠊࡍࡈࡃࣂࣛࣥࢫࡢ࠸࠸㉮ࡾࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡩ࠺ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ୰ ࡢ౯್ࢆከᵝࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊே㛫ࡢከᵝᛶࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡘ࡞ࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡢ ࡢ౯್ࢆከᵝࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊே㛫ࡢከᵝᛶࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡘ࡞ࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡢ ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡛ࡍࡽࠊࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓࡶࡢࢆ࠺ࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠊఱࢆࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࠸࠺ ࡛ࡍࡽࠊࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓࡶࡢࢆ࠺ࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠊఱࢆࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࠸࠺ ࡇࢁࢆぢ࡚࠸ࡃ࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ㠀ᖖ㔜せࡔᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࢁࢆぢ࡚࠸ࡃ࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ㠀ᖖ㔜せࡔᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 㸦ᑠ㸧 ࠺ࡶ࠶ࡾࡀ࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࠊࡇࡢࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࡣࡕࡻ࠺㛫ࡀࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ 㸦ᑠ㸧 ࠺ࡶ࠶ࡾࡀ࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࠊࡇࡢࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࡣࡕࡻ࠺㛫ࡀࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ ⓙࡉࢇ㠀ᖖ⤀ኈⓗ࡞ῄዪⓗ࡛ࠊ㛫ࢆᏲࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࠊࡁࡕࡗ㛫㏻ࡾ⤊ࢃࡾࡲࡋ ⓙࡉࢇ㠀ᖖ⤀ኈⓗ࡞ῄዪⓗ࡛ࠊ㛫ࢆᏲࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࠊࡁࡕࡗ㛫㏻ࡾ⤊ࢃࡾࡲࡋ ࡓࡢ࡛ࠊࣃࢿࣜࢫࢺࡢ᪉ឤㅰ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ࠶ࡾࡀ࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡓࡢ࡛ࠊࣃࢿࣜࢫࢺࡢ᪉ឤㅰ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ࠶ࡾࡀ࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 33 33 第 2 セッション 第 2 セッション 「オリンピック・パラリンピックにおける ダイバーシティと共生の推進に向けて」 「オリンピック・パラリンピックにおける ダイバーシティと共生の推進に向けて」 コーディネーター：土山 實男 コーディネーター：土山 實男 青山学院大学社会連携機構国際交流共同研究センター所長 青山学院大学社会連携機構国際交流共同研究センター所長 㸦ᅵᒣᐿ⏨㸧 ࠕᩥࡋ࡚ࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢᙺ࣭ຊࠖ㢟ࡋࡓ➨㸯ࢭࢵࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡣࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ㏻ 㸦ᅵᒣᐿ⏨㸧 ࠕᩥࡋ࡚ࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢᙺ࣭ຊࠖ㢟ࡋࡓ➨㸯ࢭࢵࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡣࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆ㏻ ࡌࡓࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ඹ⏕ࡢၥ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᩥຊࡋ࡚ࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡸࠊᖖ⪅㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢඹ⏕ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ ࡌࡓࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ඹ⏕ࡢၥ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᩥຊࡋ࡚ࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡸࠊᖖ⪅㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢඹ⏕ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ ࡣࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࣋ࣥࢺ♫㛤Ⓨ࡞ࡢࢸ࣮࣐ࡘ࠸࡚ࡦࢁࡃㄽࡌ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊࡇࡢ➨㸰ࢭ ࡣࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࣋ࣥࢺ♫㛤Ⓨ࡞ࡢࢸ࣮࣐ࡘ࠸࡚ࡦࢁࡃㄽࡌ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊࡇࡢ➨㸰ࢭ ࢵࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡣࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓၥ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡑࡢ↔Ⅼࢆࡸࡸ᪥ᮏࡋࡰࡗ࡚㆟ㄽࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࠋ ࢵࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡣࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓၥ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡑࡢ↔Ⅼࢆࡸࡸ᪥ᮏࡋࡰࡗ࡚㆟ㄽࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࠋ ᭱ึࡈሗ࿌࠸ࡓࡔࡃࢽ࣮࣮ࣗࣚࢡᕷ❧Ꮫᩍᤵࡢࣟࣅ࣭ࣥࢣࢵࢺࣜࣥࢫ࣮࢟ࡉࢇࡣࠊࡃ ᭱ึࡈሗ࿌࠸ࡓࡔࡃࢽ࣮࣮ࣗࣚࢡᕷ❧Ꮫᩍᤵࡢࣟࣅ࣭ࣥࢣࢵࢺࣜࣥࢫ࣮࢟ࡉࢇࡣࠊࡃ ᪥ᮏࡢዪᏊ㑅ᡭࡀ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࠺㛵ࢃࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࢆṔྐⓗ࠾ヰࡋ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࠋࢣࢵࢺࣜ ᪥ᮏࡢዪᏊ㑅ᡭࡀ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࠺㛵ࢃࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࢆṔྐⓗ࠾ヰࡋ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࠋࢣࢵࢺࣜ ࣥࢫ࣮࢟ඛ⏕ࡣࠊ࣌ࣥࢩࣝࣂࢽᏛࡽ༤ኈྕࢆྲྀᚓࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ᪥ᮏ◊✲⪅ ࣥࢫ࣮࢟ඛ⏕ࡣࠊ࣌ࣥࢩࣝࣂࢽᏛࡽ༤ኈྕࢆྲྀᚓࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ᪥ᮏ◊✲⪅ ࡛ࡍࠋඛ⏕ࡣ➨㸯ᅇ┠ࡢᮾி࣐ࣛࢯࣥࢆどᐹࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡍࡼ࠺ࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ◊✲⪅࡛࠶ࡿྠ ࡛ࡍࠋඛ⏕ࡣ➨㸯ᅇ┠ࡢᮾி࣐ࣛࢯࣥࢆどᐹࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡍࡼ࠺ࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ◊✲⪅࡛࠶ࡿྠ ࠊඛ⏕ࡈ⮬㌟ࡀࢫ࣮ࣜࢺ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ᫂᪥㛤ദࡉࢀࡿࣁ࣮ࣇ࣐ࣛࢯࣥࡶཧຍࡉࢀࡿ ࠊඛ⏕ࡈ⮬㌟ࡀࢫ࣮ࣜࢺ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ᫂᪥㛤ദࡉࢀࡿࣁ࣮ࣇ࣐ࣛࢯࣥࡶཧຍࡉࢀࡿ ఛࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ఛࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ 㸰␒┠ࡈሗ࿌࡞ࡿ⡿࣐࢝ࣛࢬ࣮Ꮫᩍᤵࡢࢹࢽࢫ࣭ࣇࣟࢫࢺඛ⏕ࡣࠊ⡿ࢥࣟࣥࣅᏛ࡛ 㸰␒┠ࡈሗ࿌࡞ࡿ⡿࣐࢝ࣛࢬ࣮Ꮫᩍᤵࡢࢹࢽࢫ࣭ࣇࣟࢫࢺඛ⏕ࡣࠊ⡿ࢥࣟࣥࣅᏛ࡛ ༤ኈྕࢆྲྀᚓࡉࢀࡓṔྐᏛ⪅࡛ࠊ᪥ᮏࡢࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࡞ࡢ㛵ࢃࡾࡘ࠸࡚◊✲ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡽࢀ ༤ኈྕࢆྲྀᚓࡉࢀࡓṔྐᏛ⪅࡛ࠊ᪥ᮏࡢࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࡞ࡢ㛵ࢃࡾࡘ࠸࡚◊✲ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡽࢀ ࡲࡍࠋ ࡲࡍࠋ 㸱␒┠ሗ࿌ࡉࢀࡿᮾᩥᏛᅬᏛᩍᤵ࡛ᮏࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᐈဨ◊✲ဨࡢ㣤➲బ௦Ꮚඛ⏕ࡣࠊ࢜ࣜ 㸱␒┠ሗ࿌ࡉࢀࡿᮾᩥᏛᅬᏛᩍᤵ࡛ᮏࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᐈဨ◊✲ဨࡢ㣤➲బ௦Ꮚඛ⏕ࡣࠊ࢜ࣜ ࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ㛤ᘧࢆẚ㍑ศᯒࡋࠊ㛤ᘧ⌧ࢀࡓከᩥඹ⏕ᑐࡍࡿྛࡢ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࡀఱࡔࡗ ࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ㛤ᘧࢆẚ㍑ศᯒࡋࠊ㛤ᘧ⌧ࢀࡓከᩥඹ⏕ᑐࡍࡿྛࡢ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࡀఱࡔࡗ ࡓࡢ᫂ࡽࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࠋ 㣤➲ඛ⏕ࡣὠ⏣ሿᏛࡢࡈฟ㌟୍࡛ᶫᏛࡽ༤ኈྕ 㸦♫Ꮫ㸧 ࡓࡢ᫂ࡽࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࠋ 㣤➲ඛ⏕ࡣὠ⏣ሿᏛࡢࡈฟ㌟୍࡛ᶫᏛࡽ༤ኈྕ 㸦♫Ꮫ㸧 ࢆྲྀᚓࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋඛ⏕ࡣ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ␃Ꮫࡉࢀࡓࡇࡶ࠶ࡾࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜࡸ࢝ࢼࢲࠊ ࢆྲྀᚓࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋඛ⏕ࡣ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ␃Ꮫࡉࢀࡓࡇࡶ࠶ࡾࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜࡸ࢝ࢼࢲࠊ ࡃࢣ࣋ࢵࢡࡢከᩥඹ⏕ၥ㢟㛗ᖺྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛ࡇࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑ࠺࠸࠺ඹ⏕㛵ࡍࡿၥ㢟ព㆑ ࡃࢣ࣋ࢵࢡࡢከᩥඹ⏕ၥ㢟㛗ᖺྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛ࡇࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑ࠺࠸࠺ඹ⏕㛵ࡍࡿၥ㢟ព㆑ ࢆࠊᅇࡣ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ㄽࡌ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࠋ ࢆࠊᅇࡣ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ㄽࡌ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࢣࢵࢺࣜࣥࢫ࣮࢟ඛ⏕࠺ࡒࡼࢁࡋࡃ࠾㢪࠸࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࢣࢵࢺࣜࣥࢫ࣮࢟ඛ⏕࠺ࡒࡼࢁࡋࡃ࠾㢪࠸࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ 34 34 「From the Margins to the Medal Stand: Women and the Olympic Movement 困難から金メダルへ: 女性選手とオリンピック」 「From the Margins to the Medal Stand: Women and the Olympic Movement 困難から金メダルへ: 女性選手とオリンピック」 Dr. Robin Kietlinski Dr. Robin Kietlinski The City University of New York, LaGuardia Community College, Assistant Prof. The City University of New York, LaGuardia Community College, Assistant Prof. Introduction Introduction The first modern Olympic Games held in 1896 had no female athletes. At the London The first modern Olympic Games held in 1896 had no female athletes. At the London 2012 Summer Games, every country participating had female athletes on their teams 2012 Summer Games, every country participating had female athletes on their teams for the first time in history. Moreover, any new sport wishing to be included in the for the first time in history. Moreover, any new sport wishing to be included in the Olympic program must now include a women䯑s event. Over the past century, attitudes Olympic program must now include a women䯑s event. Over the past century, attitudes towards women䯑s participation in elite-level sports have changed dramatically, and the towards women䯑s participation in elite-level sports have changed dramatically, and the International Olympic Committee (IOC) has taken note of these changes and at times International Olympic Committee (IOC) has taken note of these changes and at times has been on the forefront of implementing them. has been on the forefront of implementing them. The Olympic Games can provide many practical examples of both gender The Olympic Games can provide many practical examples of both gender discrimination and gender equity. As a nearly-universally recognized event, the Games discrimination and gender equity. As a nearly-universally recognized event, the Games can serve as a useful cross-cultural tool to both understand and teach about the way can serve as a useful cross-cultural tool to both understand and teach about the way situations have changed for women over time and in different parts of the world. situations have changed for women over time and in different parts of the world. Indeed, as academics are aware, societies are complicated and progress does not often Indeed, as academics are aware, societies are complicated and progress does not often occur in a straightforward or linear way. However, by looking at the Olympics, which occur in a straightforward or linear way. However, by looking at the Olympics, which have taken place in regular intervals for over a century and which involve women from have taken place in regular intervals for over a century and which involve women from all over the world, we can simplify and see more clearly ways that change has occurred all over the world, we can simplify and see more clearly ways that change has occurred for women. Drawing on examples from the earliest point of inclusion of women䯑s for women. Drawing on examples from the earliest point of inclusion of women䯑s events at the Olympics up to the twenty-first century, this presentation will highlight events at the Olympics up to the twenty-first century, this presentation will highlight some of the key events in the history of female athletes and the Olympics. We will see some of the key events in the history of female athletes and the Olympics. We will see that the Olympic movement has been reflective of larger shifts in attitudes towards that the Olympic movement has been reflective of larger shifts in attitudes towards female participation in realms that go far beyond the playing field. Along with my female participation in realms that go far beyond the playing field. Along with my fellow panelists who are looking at different angles of cultural diversity in the Olympic fellow panelists who are looking at different angles of cultural diversity in the Olympic movement, I hope to help shed light on the ways that the Olympics have historically movement, I hope to help shed light on the ways that the Olympics have historically demonstrated and promoted inclusion for women. demonstrated and promoted inclusion for women. 35 35 History of Women in the Olympics 䯋 Important Milestones History of Women in the Olympics 䯋 Important Milestones Throughout history, societies around the world have thought that competitive sports Throughout history, societies around the world have thought that competitive sports should only be for men. There have been a number of reasons given for the exclusion of should only be for men. There have been a number of reasons given for the exclusion of women in sports, including: 1) that vigorous physical competition goes against basic women in sports, including: 1) that vigorous physical competition goes against basic human nature for women; 2) that sports can cause women to become more masculine human nature for women; 2) that sports can cause women to become more masculine and/or lose their ability to procreate; and 3) that It is indecent for women to appear in and/or lose their ability to procreate; and 3) that It is indecent for women to appear in public wearing revealing uniforms such as swimsuits and shorts.1 For these reasons, no public wearing revealing uniforms such as swimsuits and shorts.1 For these reasons, no women competed at the first modern Olympic Games in Athens 1896. Pierre de women competed at the first modern Olympic Games in Athens 1896. Pierre de Courbertin fought against the admission of women into the Olympics for the roughly Courbertin fought against the admission of women into the Olympics for the roughly three decades that he served as President of the IOC, as he disapproved of women䯑s three decades that he served as President of the IOC, as he disapproved of women䯑s involvement in public competitions.2 involvement in public competitions.2 However, this sentiment did not seem to last long, or at least was chipped away at However, this sentiment did not seem to last long, or at least was chipped away at early on. Women first competed at the second Olympics, the 1900 Games in Paris. At early on. Women first competed at the second Olympics, the 1900 Games in Paris. At this event, women were allowed to compete in lawn tennis, golf, and yachting, which this event, women were allowed to compete in lawn tennis, golf, and yachting, which were considered to be more 䯔activities䯕 than competitive sports. As I mentioned, were considered to be more 䯔activities䯕 than competitive sports. As I mentioned, though, progress is rarely linear and straightforward - at the next Games in St. Louis though, progress is rarely linear and straightforward - at the next Games in St. Louis in 1904, the organizer of the Games preferred male-only competition, and got rid of the in 1904, the organizer of the Games preferred male-only competition, and got rid of the original three events for women. The only women appeared in an 䯔exhibition䯕 of original three events for women. The only women appeared in an 䯔exhibition䯕 of archery.3 Women competed in swimming events for the first time in 1912, which was archery.3 Women competed in swimming events for the first time in 1912, which was considered a big breakthrough since swimming required a lot of physical effort and considered a big breakthrough since swimming required a lot of physical effort and revealing costumes. None of the swimmers in 1912 were from the United States, as revealing costumes. None of the swimmers in 1912 were from the United States, as American officials would not allow its female athletes to compete in events without American officials would not allow its female athletes to compete in events without long skirts. In fact, the United States did not send any female athletes to the Olympic long skirts. In fact, the United States did not send any female athletes to the Olympic Games until 1920, well after its European counterparts did.4 Games until 1920, well after its European counterparts did.4 The lack of women at the Olympic Games in the early-twentieth century should not be The lack of women at the Olympic Games in the early-twentieth century should not be misinterpreted to suggest that women were not participating in competitive sport misinterpreted to suggest that women were not participating in competitive sport outside the Olympics. While the event that was growing to be the largest international outside the Olympics. While the event that was growing to be the largest international stage for sports was initially not receptive to women competing alongside their male stage for sports was initially not receptive to women competing alongside their male counterparts, a number of other domestic and international competitions were counterparts, a number of other domestic and international competitions were 1 1 Cahn, Susan K. Coming on Strong: Gender and Sexuality in Twentieth-Century Women’s Sport. Cahn, Susan K. Coming on Strong: Gender and Sexuality in Twentieth-Century Women’s Sport. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1994. p. 8 Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1994. p. 8 2 Guttmann, Allen. Women’s Sports: A History. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 1991. p.163 2 Guttmann, Allen. Women’s Sports: A History. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 1991. p.163 Aaseng, Nathan. Women Olympic Champions. San Diego: Lucent Books, 2001. p. 14 3 Aaseng, Nathan. Women Olympic Champions. San Diego: Lucent Books, 2001. p. 14 ibid, 15 4 ibid, 15 3 4 36 36 emerging for female athletes. Perhaps most notably, an event called the Women's emerging for female athletes. Perhaps most notably, an event called the Women's Olympic Games were started in 1922 by a French proponent of women's sport named Olympic Games were started in 1922 by a French proponent of women's sport named Alice Milliat.5 Although Pierre de Coubertin had conceived of the Olympic Games as a Alice Milliat.5 Although Pierre de Coubertin had conceived of the Olympic Games as a male-only event, his idea was unable to withstand social changes in gender equity male-only event, his idea was unable to withstand social changes in gender equity occurring at the turn of the century in the West. Dismayed by the IOC's refusal to occurring at the turn of the century in the West. Dismayed by the IOC's refusal to allow women's participation in track and field events (the most anticipated and popular allow women's participation in track and field events (the most anticipated and popular events of the Games at the time), Alice Milliat created the F䥊d䥊ration Sportive events of the Games at the time), Alice Milliat created the F䥊d䥊ration Sportive F䥊minine Internationale (FSFI), which organized the first Women's Olympic Games in F䥊minine Internationale (FSFI), which organized the first Women's Olympic Games in Paris in 1922.6 Paris in 1922.6 The second Women's Olympic Games were held in 1926 in Gothenberg, Sweden, and The second Women's Olympic Games were held in 1926 in Gothenberg, Sweden, and were a much larger affair than the original one-day, 18-athlete event held four years were a much larger affair than the original one-day, 18-athlete event held four years prior in Paris. prior in Paris. These second Women's Olympics had athletes from 10 different These second Women's Olympics had athletes from 10 different countries, among them Hitomi Kinue as the sole representative of Japan. Then 19 countries, among them Hitomi Kinue as the sole representative of Japan. Then 19 years old, Hitomi already had an impressive record in running, throwing, and jumping years old, Hitomi already had an impressive record in running, throwing, and jumping events at local and national competitions in Japan, and she was simultaneously events at local and national competitions in Japan, and she was simultaneously supporting herself by working as the first womenގs sports journalist at the Osaka supporting herself by working as the first womenގs sports journalist at the Osaka Mainichi Shimbun. At the 1926 Games in Sweden, Hitomi competed in six different Mainichi Shimbun. At the 1926 Games in Sweden, Hitomi competed in six different events, receiving medals in five of these events and setting the world record in the events, receiving medals in five of these events and setting the world record in the running long jump. She was officially honored as the outstanding individual of the running long jump. She was officially honored as the outstanding individual of the games. In her autobiography, Hitomi wrote that, ގޏJapanese woman ގstill means to games. In her autobiography, Hitomi wrote that, ގޏJapanese woman ގstill means to most people someone shuffling along on tall geta (sandals), and heavily done up with most people someone shuffling along on tall geta (sandals), and heavily done up with white make䯈up. Yet with my suntanned skin and strong physique I have helped to white make䯈up. Yet with my suntanned skin and strong physique I have helped to overturn this image.ޏ7 overturn this image.ޏ7 In large part because of the success of the Womenގs Olympics in 1926, the IOC In large part because of the success of the Womenގs Olympics in 1926, the IOC introduced womenގs track and field at the 1928 Olympics in Amsterdam. Hitomi introduced womenގs track and field at the 1928 Olympics in Amsterdam. Hitomi Kinue took part in the first ever womenގs track event in the Olympics, which was the Kinue took part in the first ever womenގs track event in the Olympics, which was the 100 meter race. After finishing fourth in the finals of the 100m, Hitomi begged her 100 meter race. After finishing fourth in the finals of the 100m, Hitomi begged her coach to allow her to enter the only other running event for women, the 800m race, coach to allow her to enter the only other running event for women, the 800m race, despite the fact that she had never once raced (or trained for) this distance. Her coach despite the fact that she had never once raced (or trained for) this distance. Her coach entered her in the 800m race and, in a dramatic struggle, Hitomi wound up taking entered her in the 800m race and, in a dramatic struggle, Hitomi wound up taking second place and making history as the first Japanese female medal winner at the second place and making history as the first Japanese female medal winner at the Olympic Games. Olympic Games. 5 Cahn, 57 5 Cahn, 57 Guttmann, 167 6 Guttmann, 167 Hitomi Kinue Monogatari. Tokyo: Asahi Bunko, 1990, p. 103 7 Hitomi Kinue Monogatari. Tokyo: Asahi Bunko, 1990, p. 103 6 7 37 37 Hitomi received media attention never before seen for a female athlete in Japan. Hitomi received media attention never before seen for a female athlete in Japan. Beyond the coverage in the Japanese newspapers, the international media had also Beyond the coverage in the Japanese newspapers, the international media had also taken note of this particular race, as womenގs track was still a young sport, and the taken note of this particular race, as womenގs track was still a young sport, and the 800̺meter distance was thought to be dangerously taxing on the female physique. The 800̺meter distance was thought to be dangerously taxing on the female physique. The following article appeared in the New York Times on August 3, 1928: following article appeared in the New York Times on August 3, 1928: The final of the womenүs 800̺meter run, in which Frau Lina Radke of Germany set a The final of the womenүs 800̺meter run, in which Frau Lina Radke of Germany set a worldүs record, plainly demonstrated that even this distance makes too great a call on worldүs record, plainly demonstrated that even this distance makes too great a call on feminine strength. At the finish six out of the nine runners were completely exhausted feminine strength. At the finish six out of the nine runners were completely exhausted and fell headlong on the ground. Several had to be carried off the track. The little and fell headlong on the ground. Several had to be carried off the track. The little American girl, Miss Florence MacDonald, who made a gallant try but was outclassed, American girl, Miss Florence MacDonald, who made a gallant try but was outclassed, was in a half faint for several minutes, while even the sturdy Miss Hitomi of Japan, who was in a half faint for several minutes, while even the sturdy Miss Hitomi of Japan, who finished second, needed attention before she was able to leave the field. finished second, needed attention before she was able to leave the field. This article demonstrates the climate in which women of that era were competing, This article demonstrates the climate in which women of that era were competing, and shows how media coverage tended to represent female athletes as weaker than and shows how media coverage tended to represent female athletes as weaker than men. Over the years, opinions as to which sports were acceptable for women have men. Over the years, opinions as to which sports were acceptable for women have evolved considerably. For example, following Hitomiގs 800̺meter Olympic race in evolved considerably. For example, following Hitomiގs 800̺meter Olympic race in 1928, the [all̺male] International Olympic Committee (IOC) determined that it was 1928, the [all̺male] International Olympic Committee (IOC) determined that it was inappropriate for women to run more than 800 meters because of the unsightly fatigue inappropriate for women to run more than 800 meters because of the unsightly fatigue they demonstrated following the race. The Committee removed the event from the they demonstrated following the race. The Committee removed the event from the Olympics and it was not reinstated until 1960. Olympics and it was not reinstated until 1960. I have taken the time to focus on the career of Hitomi Kinue not only because she was I have taken the time to focus on the career of Hitomi Kinue not only because she was the first Japanese woman to compete at the Olympic Games, but because her story is, the first Japanese woman to compete at the Olympic Games, but because her story is, to me, reflective of the non-linear and complex progress that women have made in the to me, reflective of the non-linear and complex progress that women have made in the Olympics. She was an Asian woman who was competing well before women from many Olympics. She was an Asian woman who was competing well before women from many Western nations were involved, which challenges a stereotype still present today that Western nations were involved, which challenges a stereotype still present today that women in Asia somehow lag behind their Western counterparts. The inclusion then women in Asia somehow lag behind their Western counterparts. The inclusion then exclusion of the women䯑s 800-meter race at the Olympics also demonstrates the unease exclusion of the women䯑s 800-meter race at the Olympics also demonstrates the unease that Olympic officials had with respect to women䯑s participation in competitive sports that Olympic officials had with respect to women䯑s participation in competitive sports in the early-20th century. in the early-20th century. 38 38 Image 1. Hitomi Kinue Image 1. Hitomi Kinue Museum Newsletter Nr.35 (Prince Chichibu Memorial Sports Museum and Library) Museum Newsletter Nr.35 (Prince Chichibu Memorial Sports Museum and Library) Regarding this unease that male officials felt about women in competitive sport, I Regarding this unease that male officials felt about women in competitive sport, I would like to refer back to the predominant concerns about women athletes at this would like to refer back to the predominant concerns about women athletes at this time: 1) that vigorous physical competition goes against women䯑s basic human nature; time: 1) that vigorous physical competition goes against women䯑s basic human nature; 2) that sports can cause women to become more masculine and/or lose their ability to 2) that sports can cause women to become more masculine and/or lose their ability to procreate; and 3) that It is indecent for women to appear in public wearing revealing procreate; and 3) that It is indecent for women to appear in public wearing revealing uniforms. By the 1920s and 30s, it was becoming clear that sports did not go against uniforms. By the 1920s and 30s, it was becoming clear that sports did not go against women䯑s human nature. In fact, as the 19th-century Victorian aesthetic ideal of the women䯑s human nature. In fact, as the 19th-century Victorian aesthetic ideal of the weak and idle woman faded away, many nations (including Japan), were incorporating weak and idle woman faded away, many nations (including Japan), were incorporating more physical education and competitive sports into their school curriculums as they more physical education and competitive sports into their school curriculums as they had come to be seen as benefiting the health of young women and, by extension, the had come to be seen as benefiting the health of young women and, by extension, the nation. nation. That said, there was also an understanding that childhood was the appropriate time That said, there was also an understanding that childhood was the appropriate time for such activity. Much like women in the workforce, there was an expectation that for such activity. Much like women in the workforce, there was an expectation that athletes would retire upon marriage (one of the points at which females move from athletes would retire upon marriage (one of the points at which females move from girlhood to adulthood). In Japan in the 1920s and 30s, female athletes who competed girlhood to adulthood). In Japan in the 1920s and 30s, female athletes who competed into their 20s and eschewed marriage and motherhood were publicly rumored to be into their 20s and eschewed marriage and motherhood were publicly rumored to be lesbians or transgender.8䢢If it wasn䯑t speculation over one䯑s sexual orientation, it was lesbians or transgender.8䢢If it wasn䯑t speculation over one䯑s sexual orientation, it was 8 8 Most famously in Japan, track and field star Hitomi Kinue 39 Most famously in Japan, track and field star Hitomi Kinue 39 media scrutiny over when a female athlete was going to retire from her sport to begin media scrutiny over when a female athlete was going to retire from her sport to begin her life as a housewife and mother.9 her life as a housewife and mother.9 There was also a growing literature on the relationship between exercise and There was also a growing literature on the relationship between exercise and reproduction. Strong assertions were made on both sides, with some declaring that all reproduction. Strong assertions were made on both sides, with some declaring that all sorts of female dysfunction (including sterility) would result from exercise, and others sorts of female dysfunction (including sterility) would result from exercise, and others countering that physical activity, especially during menstruation, was healthy and countering that physical activity, especially during menstruation, was healthy and therapeutic for young women. With such contradictory scientific theories, educators in therapeutic for young women. With such contradictory scientific theories, educators in the expanding fields of female physical education and sports tended towards policies of the expanding fields of female physical education and sports tended towards policies of prudence, advising young women to avoid unnecessary strenuous activity.10 prudence, advising young women to avoid unnecessary strenuous activity.10 A number of factors contributed to changes in popular attitudes toward female A number of factors contributed to changes in popular attitudes toward female athletes in subsequent decades. Sportswomen began to unambiguously disprove athletes in subsequent decades. Sportswomen began to unambiguously disprove theories that competitive sports led to infertility, and growing numbers of married theories that competitive sports led to infertility, and growing numbers of married women and mothers shone at the Olympic Games. The most famous was Francina women and mothers shone at the Olympic Games. The most famous was Francina 䯔Fanny䯕 Blankers-Koen, a Dutch track and field star dubbed 䯔the Flying Housewife,䯕 䯔Fanny䯕 Blankers-Koen, a Dutch track and field star dubbed 䯔the Flying Housewife,䯕 who won four gold medals at the 1948 Summer Olympics. She had also competed at the who won four gold medals at the 1948 Summer Olympics. She had also competed at the Olympics in 1936, prior to the birth of her two children, but had not won any medals. Olympics in 1936, prior to the birth of her two children, but had not won any medals. When she won her four gold medals in 1948 (which was the same number of medals When she won her four gold medals in 1948 (which was the same number of medals Jesse Owens had won at the 1936 Games), she was a 30-year old mother of two young Jesse Owens had won at the 1936 Games), she was a 30-year old mother of two young children. Blankers-Koen has been widely recognized as having helped change children. Blankers-Koen has been widely recognized as having helped change perceptions worldwide about the relationship between sports and fertility. 11 Mother perceptions worldwide about the relationship between sports and fertility. 11 Mother athletes appeared with increasing frequency in Japan through the 20th century, as well. athletes appeared with increasing frequency in Japan through the 20th century, as well. At the heavily-publicized 1964 Tokyo Olympics, two of the members of Japan䯑s bronze- At the heavily-publicized 1964 Tokyo Olympics, two of the members of Japan䯑s bronze- winning women䯑s gymnastics team, Ikeda Keiko and Ono Kiyoko, each were mothers winning women䯑s gymnastics team, Ikeda Keiko and Ono Kiyoko, each were mothers to two young children, and helped change attitudes within Japan. They seemed to to two young children, and helped change attitudes within Japan. They seemed to provide positive proof that marriage and childbirth did not need to end an athletic provide positive proof that marriage and childbirth did not need to end an athletic career, and that sports were not detrimental to women䯑s biological functioning in career, and that sports were not detrimental to women䯑s biological functioning in motherhood. motherhood. There have been, however, other concerns related to female Olympians䯑 bodies that There have been, however, other concerns related to female Olympians䯑 bodies that have raised concern over the past century. From early on, successful female Olympians have raised concern over the past century. From early on, successful female Olympians 9 9 For a detailed history on the prejudices faced by Japan’s early elite sportswomen, see Chapter 4, “From For a detailed history on the prejudices faced by Japan’s early elite sportswomen, see Chapter 4, “From Calisthenics to Competition: Early Participation in International Sport,” in Kietlinski, Robin. Japanese Calisthenics to Competition: Early Participation in International Sport,” in Kietlinski, Robin. Japanese Women and Sport: Beyond Baseball and Sumo. London: Bloomsbury Academic Press, 2011. Women and Sport: Beyond Baseball and Sumo. London: Bloomsbury Academic Press, 2011. 10 10 Verbrugge, Martha H. “Recreating the Body: Women’s Physical Education and the Science of Sex Verbrugge, Martha H. “Recreating the Body: Women’s Physical Education and the Science of Sex Differences in America, 1900-1940.” Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 71.2 (1997), p. 286 Differences in America, 1900-1940.” Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 71.2 (1997), p. 286 11 11 Cahn, 110 40 Cahn, 110 40 have been accused or suspected of being biologically male (including Japan䯑s Hitomi have been accused or suspected of being biologically male (including Japan䯑s Hitomi Kinue). Occasionally these suspicions turned out to be accurate, as in the case of the Kinue). Occasionally these suspicions turned out to be accurate, as in the case of the great sprinter Stella Walsh, a Polish immigrant who grew up in the U.S. and who won great sprinter Stella Walsh, a Polish immigrant who grew up in the U.S. and who won the gold medal in the 100-meter sprint in the 1932 Los Angeles Olympics. Though she the gold medal in the 100-meter sprint in the 1932 Los Angeles Olympics. Though she was long referred to as having masculine features, it was not until she was shot to was long referred to as having masculine features, it was not until she was shot to death in a parking lot in 1980 that her autopsy revealed that Walsh was in fact a death in a parking lot in 1980 that her autopsy revealed that Walsh was in fact a man.12 There is one other known case of a male athlete posing as female, in the 1936 man.12 There is one other known case of a male athlete posing as female, in the 1936 Olympics, German Hermann Ratjen competed in the women䯑s high jump as Dora Olympics, German Hermann Ratjen competed in the women䯑s high jump as Dora Ratjen. It was later revealed that the Nazi party has pressured him to disguise his Ratjen. It was later revealed that the Nazi party has pressured him to disguise his gender 䯋 ironically, Ratjen came in fourth place and did not win a medal for gender 䯋 ironically, Ratjen came in fourth place and did not win a medal for Germany.13 The IOC began chromosomal sex testing at the 1968 Olympic Games to try Germany.13 The IOC began chromosomal sex testing at the 1968 Olympic Games to try to ensure that men were not competing in women䯑s events. However, such sex testing to ensure that men were not competing in women䯑s events. However, such sex testing has been a controversial topic since it first began, in large part because sports are has been a controversial topic since it first began, in large part because sports are divided into two categories, male and female, but humans have proven to have various divided into two categories, male and female, but humans have proven to have various genetic conditions that do not allow all athletes to easily fit into one category or the genetic conditions that do not allow all athletes to easily fit into one category or the other. Debates on this subject continue to the present day, for example South African other. Debates on this subject continue to the present day, for example South African runner Caster Semenya was in the public spotlight at the 2012 Olympics after runner Caster Semenya was in the public spotlight at the 2012 Olympics after suspicions were raised over whether or not she was biologically female. The IOC has suspicions were raised over whether or not she was biologically female. The IOC has repeatedly revised its testing methods and its stance on this issue since the 1960s, but repeatedly revised its testing methods and its stance on this issue since the 1960s, but discontent remains among many athletes and officials who disagree with the arbitrary discontent remains among many athletes and officials who disagree with the arbitrary lines (now in levels of testosterone) that the IOC has drawn. lines (now in levels of testosterone) that the IOC has drawn. 12 Aaseng, 19 12 Aaseng, 19 Cahn, 263 13 Cahn, 263 13 41 41 Image 2. Dora Ratjen Image 2. Dora Ratjen Journal of Olympic History 17 (December 2009) Nr.3 (International Society of Journal of Olympic History 17 (December 2009) Nr.3 (International Society of Olympic Historians) Olympic Historians) Amidst these controversies and setbacks, though, more and more women䯑s sports Amidst these controversies and setbacks, though, more and more women䯑s sports have been added to the Summer and Winter Olympic Games each time they take place. have been added to the Summer and Winter Olympic Games each time they take place. The first team sport for women, introduced at the Tokyo 1964 Summer Games, was The first team sport for women, introduced at the Tokyo 1964 Summer Games, was volleyball. Of course, volleyball is a team sport but not a contact sport, which suggests volleyball. Of course, volleyball is a team sport but not a contact sport, which suggests a lingering unease in the 1960s with the idea of women taking part in higher-risk a lingering unease in the 1960s with the idea of women taking part in higher-risk contact sports. Although many high-impact contact sports for have been added to the contact sports. Although many high-impact contact sports for have been added to the Olympic Games since the 1960s, there are still echoes of seemingly outdated modes of Olympic Games since the 1960s, there are still echoes of seemingly outdated modes of thought in the public discourse today. For example, there was much debate over the thought in the public discourse today. For example, there was much debate over the inclusion of women䯑s ski jumping in the Olympics (which not included until the 2014 inclusion of women䯑s ski jumping in the Olympics (which not included until the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi). The president of the International Ski Federation (FIS), Winter Olympics in Sochi). The president of the International Ski Federation (FIS), Gian Franco Kasper (who is also a member of the IOC) said in 2005 that he opposed Gian Franco Kasper (who is also a member of the IOC) said in 2005 that he opposed women䯑s ski jumping because it 䯔seems not to be appropriate for ladies from a medical women䯑s ski jumping because it 䯔seems not to be appropriate for ladies from a medical point of view.䯕14 Until 2012, when there were officially no more sports that completely point of view.䯕14 Until 2012, when there were officially no more sports that completely exclude women, most sports were introduced first as male-only, then many years or exclude women, most sports were introduced first as male-only, then many years or 14 14 “Sochi 2014: Women’s ski jumpers ready to prove their Olympic mettle.” The Washington Post, Feb. 3, 2014 “Sochi 2014: Women’s ski jumpers ready to prove their Olympic mettle.” The Washington Post, Feb. 3, 2014 42 42 decades later the women䯑s event was added (for example, men䯑s judo was introduced decades later the women䯑s event was added (for example, men䯑s judo was introduced in 1964, but women could not compete at the Olympics until 1992). Another important in 1964, but women could not compete at the Olympics until 1992). Another important milestone was reached in 2012, when every National Olympic Committee sent female milestone was reached in 2012, when every National Olympic Committee sent female athletes to compete 䯋 prior to 2012, the Muslim nations of Qatar, Brunei and Saudi athletes to compete 䯋 prior to 2012, the Muslim nations of Qatar, Brunei and Saudi Arabia had never before sent a female athlete. Arabia had never before sent a female athlete. While full equality has not been reached between men and women athletes at the While full equality has not been reached between men and women athletes at the Olympic Games (in London, 44.2% of all athletes competing were women, and in Sochi Olympic Games (in London, 44.2% of all athletes competing were women, and in Sochi 40.3% were), there are clear signs of progress that can be traced by looking at the past 40.3% were), there are clear signs of progress that can be traced by looking at the past century䯑s history.15 This progress has not been completely linear, with setbacks and century䯑s history.15 This progress has not been completely linear, with setbacks and controversies present since the first female athletes took part (or more accurately from controversies present since the first female athletes took part (or more accurately from the first Games in 1896 when women were not invited to participate at all). In 1995, the first Games in 1896 when women were not invited to participate at all). In 1995, the International Olympic Committee created the 䯔Women and Sport Working Group,䯕 the International Olympic Committee created the 䯔Women and Sport Working Group,䯕 made up of representatives from the IOC, International Federations, National Olympic made up of representatives from the IOC, International Federations, National Olympic Committees, and athletes. This group advises the IOC President and Executive Board Committees, and athletes. This group advises the IOC President and Executive Board on different policies to adopt to help increase female participation in sport at all on different policies to adopt to help increase female participation in sport at all levels. 16 While the percentage of female athletes at the Games is slowly creeping levels. 16 While the percentage of female athletes at the Games is slowly creeping towards 50%, the numbers are far lower when looking at female Olympic towards 50%, the numbers are far lower when looking at female Olympic administrators. Since the IOC seems to be actively working on raising the number of administrators. Since the IOC seems to be actively working on raising the number of women in governing and administrative bodies of the Olympic Movement, I am hopeful women in governing and administrative bodies of the Olympic Movement, I am hopeful that the progress for women Olympians will continue for years to come. that the progress for women Olympians will continue for years to come. 15 15 “Factsheet: Women in the Olympic Movement” (Update – May 2014). Accessed at: “Factsheet: Women in the Olympic Movement” (Update – May 2014). Accessed at: http://www.olympic.org/Documents/Reference_documents_Factsheets/Women_in_Olympic_Movement. http://www.olympic.org/Documents/Reference_documents_Factsheets/Women_in_Olympic_Movement. pdf pdf 16 16 ibid 43 ibid 43 Figure 1. Figure 1. The IOC Factsheet on Women in the Olympic Movement (January 2016) The IOC Factsheet on Women in the Olympic Movement (January 2016) 44 44 Figure 2. Figure 2. The IOC Factsheet on Women in the Olympic Movement (January 2016) The IOC Factsheet on Women in the Olympic Movement (January 2016) 45 45 「The Paralympic Movement, Disability, and Sports in Postwar Japan」 「The Paralympic Movement, Disability, and Sports in Postwar Japan」 Dr. Dennis J. Frost Dr. Dennis J. Frost Kalamazoo College, Associate Prof. Kalamazoo College, Associate Prof. In 2020, Tokyo will become the first city ever to host the International Paralympic Games on two In 2020, Tokyo will become the first city ever to host the International Paralympic Games on two occasions. As the city prepares to do so, a number of organizers, athletes, and politicians have occasions. As the city prepares to do so, a number of organizers, athletes, and politicians have expressed their hopes and expectations that the 2020 Paralympics will be inspirational, raise expressed their hopes and expectations that the 2020 Paralympics will be inspirational, raise awareness, and ultimately improve the lives of those with disabilities in Japan. Although I share such awareness, and ultimately improve the lives of those with disabilities in Japan. Although I share such hopes, my examinations of the history of Japan’s engagement with the Paralympic Movement so far hopes, my examinations of the history of Japan’s engagement with the Paralympic Movement so far leave me less certain that these lofty goals might come about. To be sure, there have been many leave me less certain that these lofty goals might come about. To be sure, there have been many important and positive developments stemming from Japan’s involvement with the Paralympics, but important and positive developments stemming from Japan’s involvement with the Paralympics, but it is also critical that we move beyond popular assumptions that hosting such events automatically it is also critical that we move beyond popular assumptions that hosting such events automatically equates to improvements for individuals with disabilities. equates to improvements for individuals with disabilities. Today, I will offer a brief overview of Japan’s engagement with the Paralympic Games, focusing in Today, I will offer a brief overview of Japan’s engagement with the Paralympic Games, focusing in particular on three aspects. I’ll explore the evolution of organizational approaches to the Paralympic particular on three aspects. I’ll explore the evolution of organizational approaches to the Paralympic Games held in Japan, and as I do so, I’ll also examine changes and continuities in how athletes have Games held in Japan, and as I do so, I’ll also examine changes and continuities in how athletes have been represented, especially among Paralympic organizers and promoters. I’ll end with some brief been represented, especially among Paralympic organizers and promoters. I’ll end with some brief points about trends in Japanese media coverage of athletes and consider some possible implications points about trends in Japanese media coverage of athletes and consider some possible implications of current trends. of current trends. Since Japan’s engagement with the Paralympic Movement is a relatively recent phenomenon, it Since Japan’s engagement with the Paralympic Movement is a relatively recent phenomenon, it makes sense to begin with a brief examination of the origins of the 1964 Paralympic Games. Some makes sense to begin with a brief examination of the origins of the 1964 Paralympic Games. Some of the recent materials produced for the 50th anniversary of the 1964 Olympics and Paralympics of the recent materials produced for the 50th anniversary of the 1964 Olympics and Paralympics give the impression that the Paralympic Games were part and parcel of Japan’s approach to hosting give the impression that the Paralympic Games were part and parcel of Japan’s approach to hosting the Olympics from the beginning.i Yet this was certainly not the case. the Olympics from the beginning.i Yet this was certainly not the case. Given their prominence, it can be easy to forget that in the 1960s the Paralympics were smaller, less Given their prominence, it can be easy to forget that in the 1960s the Paralympics were smaller, less recognized, and far less global than the Games we know today. The very first Games held outside of recognized, and far less global than the Games we know today. The very first Games held outside of England, where they originated were hosted by Rome in 1960, which means that Tokyo was only the England, where they originated were hosted by Rome in 1960, which means that Tokyo was only the second city outside of England to hold them. At the time, cities hosting the Olympics were not second city outside of England to hold them. At the time, cities hosting the Olympics were not required or even expected to host these new “Paralympics” (a name that itself was not used with required or even expected to host these new “Paralympics” (a name that itself was not used with regularity until 1964), and this continued to be the case well after the Tokyo Games. In fact, an regularity until 1964), and this continued to be the case well after the Tokyo Games. In fact, an Olympic host city did not hold the Paralympics again until Seoul in 1988! Olympic host city did not hold the Paralympics again until Seoul in 1988! With those background facts in mind, it is all the more remarkable that Japan decided to pursue the With those background facts in mind, it is all the more remarkable that Japan decided to pursue the Paralympics in the early 1960s at all, and it is critical to understand that they made this decision with Paralympics in the early 1960s at all, and it is critical to understand that they made this decision with 46 46 almost no preexisting organizations in place to plan or host the Games. At the time, very few people almost no preexisting organizations in place to plan or host the Games. At the time, very few people in Japan knew about these events, and no Japanese athletes had ever participated in the prior Games. in Japan knew about these events, and no Japanese athletes had ever participated in the prior Games. As I’ve observed in other works on the origins of the first Tokyo Paralympics, it was a whirlwind of As I’ve observed in other works on the origins of the first Tokyo Paralympics, it was a whirlwind of sometimes last-minute planning, fundraising, and largely volunteer-based organizational efforts that sometimes last-minute planning, fundraising, and largely volunteer-based organizational efforts that made these Games possible in 1964. In reality the organizers were starting with almost nothing and made these Games possible in 1964. In reality the organizers were starting with almost nothing and had less than three years to make the Games happen—and they succeeded, which is an amazing had less than three years to make the Games happen—and they succeeded, which is an amazing accomplishment in itself.ii accomplishment in itself.ii Japan’s first experience hosting the Paralympics in 1964 produced a number of important Japan’s first experience hosting the Paralympics in 1964 produced a number of important consequences. Three outcomes merit particular attention, especially as they related to perceptions of consequences. Three outcomes merit particular attention, especially as they related to perceptions of athletes with disabilities. First, a point that seems obvious in retrospect, but merits highlighting: athletes with disabilities. First, a point that seems obvious in retrospect, but merits highlighting: these Games and the coverage related to them played a critical role in introducing the Paralympic these Games and the coverage related to them played a critical role in introducing the Paralympic Movement to the Japanese population since this was Japan’s first real engagement with the Movement to the Japanese population since this was Japan’s first real engagement with the Movement. Organizers developed an aggressive marketing plan that allowed them to explain what Movement. Organizers developed an aggressive marketing plan that allowed them to explain what the Games were and why they were important, establishing a number of patterns of representation in the Games were and why they were important, establishing a number of patterns of representation in the process. the process. Along those lines, a second key consequence was that the 1964 Paralympics focused Along those lines, a second key consequence was that the 1964 Paralympics focused overwhelmingly on the idea of sports as rehabilitation, and discourses surrounding the Games overwhelmingly on the idea of sports as rehabilitation, and discourses surrounding the Games frequently represented athletes—and in particular Japanese athletes—as patients seeking such frequently represented athletes—and in particular Japanese athletes—as patients seeking such rehabilitation. Organizers emphasized rehabilitation for a variety of reasons. For one, the early rehabilitation. Organizers emphasized rehabilitation for a variety of reasons. For one, the early Paralympic Movement as a whole was focused on the idea of rehabilitation, which makes it less Paralympic Movement as a whole was focused on the idea of rehabilitation, which makes it less surprising that we would see similar ideals being promoted in Japan. For another, as I’ve argued surprising that we would see similar ideals being promoted in Japan. For another, as I’ve argued elsewhere, Japanese organizers were facing a skeptical medical and policy establishment, so in order elsewhere, Japanese organizers were facing a skeptical medical and policy establishment, so in order to sell the Games, they emphasized the rehabilitative potential of sports.iii Ultimately, the focus on to sell the Games, they emphasized the rehabilitative potential of sports.iii Ultimately, the focus on rehabilitation fostered a view of Japanese Paralympic athletes as “patients,” and the viability of this rehabilitation fostered a view of Japanese Paralympic athletes as “patients,” and the viability of this representation was bolstered by the fact that most of Japan’s Paralympians in 1964 were in fact representation was bolstered by the fact that most of Japan’s Paralympians in 1964 were in fact coming from hospitals or rehabilitation centers. Because Japan lacked an established program to coming from hospitals or rehabilitation centers. Because Japan lacked an established program to promote disability sports at the time, most of the Japanese athletes had only taken up sports in promote disability sports at the time, most of the Japanese athletes had only taken up sports in earnest in the years or even months just prior to the Games. In that sense, it is important to realize earnest in the years or even months just prior to the Games. In that sense, it is important to realize that many of the representations we see of athletes in connection with 1964 stem from organizational that many of the representations we see of athletes in connection with 1964 stem from organizational issues, the status of disability sports at the time, and general international and Japanese approaches issues, the status of disability sports at the time, and general international and Japanese approaches to promoting these sports. to promoting these sports. A final key outcome of the 1964 Paralympics was the establishment of formal organizations A final key outcome of the 1964 Paralympics was the establishment of formal organizations devoted to the promotion and development of sports for the disabled in Japan. What eventually devoted to the promotion and development of sports for the disabled in Japan. What eventually became the Japan Sports Association for the Disabled, arguably the single most important became the Japan Sports Association for the Disabled, arguably the single most important organization for promoting the Paralympic Movement in Japan had its roots in the Tokyo Paralympic organization for promoting the Paralympic Movement in Japan had its roots in the Tokyo Paralympic organizational efforts, and many of the key promoters of disability sports in postwar Japan got their organizational efforts, and many of the key promoters of disability sports in postwar Japan got their 47 47 start with these early planning efforts. The first Tokyo Paralympics also helped spark the creation of start with these early planning efforts. The first Tokyo Paralympics also helped spark the creation of annual national sports meets for athletes with disabilities, events modeled on—and eventually annual national sports meets for athletes with disabilities, events modeled on—and eventually integrated with—the annual Kokutai sports meets. integrated with—the annual Kokutai sports meets. As important as these outcomes were, it is also worth noting what we do not see in connection with As important as these outcomes were, it is also worth noting what we do not see in connection with the 1964 Paralympics: changes in the built environment that improved the accessibility of the city the 1964 Paralympics: changes in the built environment that improved the accessibility of the city for those with disabilities. Most modifications connected to the Games were limited to temporary for those with disabilities. Most modifications connected to the Games were limited to temporary fixes in particular areas; there was simply not enough time in the planning stages for the Games to fixes in particular areas; there was simply not enough time in the planning stages for the Games to have any sort of broader impact in terms of improving accessibility in Tokyo. Despite the creation of have any sort of broader impact in terms of improving accessibility in Tokyo. Despite the creation of key organizations and national events, it is also difficult to gauge how the Games affected broader key organizations and national events, it is also difficult to gauge how the Games affected broader social understandings of and approaches to disability. It seems clear that the Tokyo Paralympics social understandings of and approaches to disability. It seems clear that the Tokyo Paralympics raised awareness, at least temporarily, but the lasting impacts beyond the realm of sports are less raised awareness, at least temporarily, but the lasting impacts beyond the realm of sports are less clear. clear. In the end, the 1964 Games were foundational, but it was the 1998 Winter Paralympics in Nagano In the end, the 1964 Games were foundational, but it was the 1998 Winter Paralympics in Nagano that served as the groundbreaking moment that began the shift towards the so-called “normalization” that served as the groundbreaking moment that began the shift towards the so-called “normalization” of the Paralympics in Japan.iv The reasons behind Nagano’s impact can be found in several key of the Paralympics in Japan.iv The reasons behind Nagano’s impact can be found in several key differences from the earlier Games in Tokyo. differences from the earlier Games in Tokyo. First, the Nagano Games were clearly building on the organizational legacies that had begun in the First, the Nagano Games were clearly building on the organizational legacies that had begun in the 1960s. In particular, Japan’s involvement with disability sports, while not yet part of “mainstream” 1960s. In particular, Japan’s involvement with disability sports, while not yet part of “mainstream” awareness, had become common. Japanese athletes were regularly engaging in a wide range of awareness, had become common. Japanese athletes were regularly engaging in a wide range of disability sports at home and abroad and just as importantly, were increasingly competitive at the disability sports at home and abroad and just as importantly, were increasingly competitive at the international level. In some respects, Japan was now a leading country in the realm of disability international level. In some respects, Japan was now a leading country in the realm of disability sports, as can be seen with two international events that I am also studying: the Far East and South sports, as can be seen with two international events that I am also studying: the Far East and South Pacific or FESPIC Games for the Disabled and the ƿita international Wheelchair Marathon. Both Pacific or FESPIC Games for the Disabled and the ƿita international Wheelchair Marathon. Both events were rooted in the efforts of Dr. Nakamura Yutaka, a rehabilitation specialist and disability events were rooted in the efforts of Dr. Nakamura Yutaka, a rehabilitation specialist and disability sports advocate active since the 1960s. The FESPIC Games were developed in and first hosted by sports advocate active since the 1960s. The FESPIC Games were developed in and first hosted by ƿita in 1975 and were held nine times in eight countries (Japan hosted again in Kobe in 1989) before ƿita in 1975 and were held nine times in eight countries (Japan hosted again in Kobe in 1989) before being replaced by the ongoing Asian Para Games in 2010. The Wheelchair Marathon was launched being replaced by the ongoing Asian Para Games in 2010. The Wheelchair Marathon was launched in ƿita in 1981 as the first event of its kind in the world and is preparing to host its 36th international in ƿita in 1981 as the first event of its kind in the world and is preparing to host its 36th international race later this year. The sheer range of Japanese involvement with disability sports by the 1990s race later this year. The sheer range of Japanese involvement with disability sports by the 1990s meant that Japanese organizers and athletes involved in the Nagano Paralympics had significant meant that Japanese organizers and athletes involved in the Nagano Paralympics had significant advantages over their counterparts in the earlier Tokyo Games. advantages over their counterparts in the earlier Tokyo Games. Another key difference between Tokyo and Nagano can be found in the length of the planning Another key difference between Tokyo and Nagano can be found in the length of the planning phase. Quite simply, organizers in Nagano had much longer to prepare. Unlike Tokyo where the phase. Quite simply, organizers in Nagano had much longer to prepare. Unlike Tokyo where the Paralympics were essentially an afterthought, organizers began pursuing and planning for the Paralympics were essentially an afterthought, organizers began pursuing and planning for the Nagano Paralympics in 1990, around the same time that Nagano was named as a finalist in the Nagano Paralympics in 1990, around the same time that Nagano was named as a finalist in the Olympic host city competition. The bidding process at that time was not at all integrated, so the Olympic host city competition. The bidding process at that time was not at all integrated, so the 48 48 Nagano Paralympics were still more or less an “add-on” event, but by this time it was expected that Nagano Paralympics were still more or less an “add-on” event, but by this time it was expected that Olympic host cities would hold the Paralympics. Compared to Tokyo, the extra time in the planning Olympic host cities would hold the Paralympics. Compared to Tokyo, the extra time in the planning phase gave the organizers greater opportunities to develop and promote their approach to the Games. phase gave the organizers greater opportunities to develop and promote their approach to the Games. Furthermore, organizers were able to capitalize on the fact that the early planning phase for Nagano Furthermore, organizers were able to capitalize on the fact that the early planning phase for Nagano overlapped with end of the U.N. Decade of Disabled Persons (1983-92), which had generated overlapped with end of the U.N. Decade of Disabled Persons (1983-92), which had generated international pressure on Japan and other countries to demonstrate their commitment to meeting the international pressure on Japan and other countries to demonstrate their commitment to meeting the needs of their disabled populations. needs of their disabled populations. In terms of approaches to athletes, perhaps the most notable change from Tokyo to Nagano was the In terms of approaches to athletes, perhaps the most notable change from Tokyo to Nagano was the increased emphasis on elite-level competition in connection with the 1998 Games. This shift increased emphasis on elite-level competition in connection with the 1998 Games. This shift reflected broader changes in the international Olympic and Paralympic Movements, which were both reflected broader changes in the international Olympic and Paralympic Movements, which were both trending toward increased professionalization. For the Nagano Paralympics this move, especially as trending toward increased professionalization. For the Nagano Paralympics this move, especially as exemplified in formal promotional efforts represented a significant break from the earlier focus on exemplified in formal promotional efforts represented a significant break from the earlier focus on sports as a form of rehabilitation. It is critical to note, however, that the older connection between sports as a form of rehabilitation. It is critical to note, however, that the older connection between disability sports and rehabilitation did not disappear. In fact, what we see in Nagano is a largely disability sports and rehabilitation did not disappear. In fact, what we see in Nagano is a largely unacknowledged clash of competing discourses about the purpose of Paralympic sports more broadly. unacknowledged clash of competing discourses about the purpose of Paralympic sports more broadly. At the heart of this clash were the athletes themselves—Japanese and otherwise—who seem to have At the heart of this clash were the athletes themselves—Japanese and otherwise—who seem to have felt compelled to make the case that they were elite athletes seeking to win, not patients looking to felt compelled to make the case that they were elite athletes seeking to win, not patients looking to recover.v By the end of the Nagano Games, the idea that Paralympic athletes were elite competitors recover.v By the end of the Nagano Games, the idea that Paralympic athletes were elite competitors was clearly gaining ground, thanks in no small part to extensive media coverage of events and a was clearly gaining ground, thanks in no small part to extensive media coverage of events and a number of Japanese victories. At the same time, the implicit questions about the ultimate purpose of number of Japanese victories. At the same time, the implicit questions about the ultimate purpose of the Paralympics remained unanswered. the Paralympics remained unanswered. On a similar note, organizers in Nagano seem to have been more conscientious than their earlier On a similar note, organizers in Nagano seem to have been more conscientious than their earlier Tokyo counterparts about the need to modify the area’s built environment to make it more accessible, Tokyo counterparts about the need to modify the area’s built environment to make it more accessible, a reflection no doubt of broader shifts in Japanese society as well as the longer planning a reflection no doubt of broader shifts in Japanese society as well as the longer planning timeframe. vi Nevertheless, the experiences of Nagano exemplify a broader pattern, where the timeframe. vi Nevertheless, the experiences of Nagano exemplify a broader pattern, where the awareness of such issues does not always translate to greater accessibility. Aside from time, one of awareness of such issues does not always translate to greater accessibility. Aside from time, one of the biggest obstacles to making significant infrastructural change is funding, especially since the biggest obstacles to making significant infrastructural change is funding, especially since Olympic-related projects tend to consume much of the available funds, leaving the Paralympics with Olympic-related projects tend to consume much of the available funds, leaving the Paralympics with less to work with from the beginning. In this sense, the Nagano Games reveal continuities and less to work with from the beginning. In this sense, the Nagano Games reveal continuities and differences with the 1964 Games, and highlight some of the ongoing dilemmas in the Paralympic differences with the 1964 Games, and highlight some of the ongoing dilemmas in the Paralympic Movement more broadly. Movement more broadly. Turning to the ongoing organizational efforts to host the 2020 Games, we see a number of Turning to the ongoing organizational efforts to host the 2020 Games, we see a number of important changes that are likely to have an impact on these Games and their participants, yet we important changes that are likely to have an impact on these Games and their participants, yet we also see the persistence of earlier patterns and challenges. also see the persistence of earlier patterns and challenges. 49 49 Some of the biggest developments for Tokyo 2020 have to do with structural changes at the Some of the biggest developments for Tokyo 2020 have to do with structural changes at the international and national level. In the early 2000s, the IOC and IPC reached a series of agreements international and national level. In the early 2000s, the IOC and IPC reached a series of agreements that integrated both sets of Games more fully. As part of the current bidding process for the that integrated both sets of Games more fully. As part of the current bidding process for the Olympics, potential host cities now must include their plans for the Paralympics and address how Olympics, potential host cities now must include their plans for the Paralympics and address how their city will meet the needs of individuals with disabilities. Another structural change is connected their city will meet the needs of individuals with disabilities. Another structural change is connected to the Japanese government where oversight of sports has long been divided between two different to the Japanese government where oversight of sports has long been divided between two different ministries. In recent years there has been a move to integrate able-bodied and disability sports under ministries. In recent years there has been a move to integrate able-bodied and disability sports under a single ministry, which should allow for more unified approaches to the promotion and a single ministry, which should allow for more unified approaches to the promotion and development of sports for all individuals. development of sports for all individuals. As a direct consequence of these and other structural developments, one of the most significant As a direct consequence of these and other structural developments, one of the most significant changes from the earlier Paralympics was the extent to which Tokyo integrated the Paralympics into changes from the earlier Paralympics was the extent to which Tokyo integrated the Paralympics into its formal bid for the Games. The 2020 bid materials included a distinct section outlining plans for its formal bid for the Games. The 2020 bid materials included a distinct section outlining plans for the Paralympics, which emphasized in particular how the city aims to become more accessible for the Paralympics, which emphasized in particular how the city aims to become more accessible for the Games.vii It is worth noting that even though the professed desire for greater accessibility in the the Games.vii It is worth noting that even though the professed desire for greater accessibility in the Tokyo intersects with current Japanese concerns about its rapidly aging population, it remains to be Tokyo intersects with current Japanese concerns about its rapidly aging population, it remains to be seen whether the funds are going to be available to achieve these goals, especially given recent seen whether the funds are going to be available to achieve these goals, especially given recent controversies over stadium costs. That said, the explicit and intentional focus on changing the larger controversies over stadium costs. That said, the explicit and intentional focus on changing the larger built environment is something new in connection with the 2020 games. built environment is something new in connection with the 2020 games. There are also indications that Japan’s embrace of the Paralympics has exceeded those mandated by There are also indications that Japan’s embrace of the Paralympics has exceeded those mandated by the IOC and IPC, as perhaps best exemplified by the fact that the first speaker at the 2013 final the IOC and IPC, as perhaps best exemplified by the fact that the first speaker at the 2013 final Olympic host city bid presentation in Buenos Aires, Argentina was 31 year-old Paralympian Satǀ Olympic host city bid presentation in Buenos Aires, Argentina was 31 year-old Paralympian Satǀ Mami. Satǀ’s presentation focused on how sports helped her overcome the loss of her leg to cancer Mami. Satǀ’s presentation focused on how sports helped her overcome the loss of her leg to cancer and how sports later served as an inspiration when her hometown was struck by the 2011 and how sports later served as an inspiration when her hometown was struck by the 2011 tsunami.viii Satǀ’s central role in the bid process differs dramatically from the earlier experiences of tsunami.viii Satǀ’s central role in the bid process differs dramatically from the earlier experiences of athletes in 1964 and even 1998. In the earlier Tokyo Games very few athletes were involved in the athletes in 1964 and even 1998. In the earlier Tokyo Games very few athletes were involved in the formal organization or planning process, and even in Nagano, the Japanese Olympic Committee formal organization or planning process, and even in Nagano, the Japanese Olympic Committee initially resisted requests to allow Japanese Paralympians to wear the same uniforms as the Olympic initially resisted requests to allow Japanese Paralympians to wear the same uniforms as the Olympic team, only relenting under pressure from the Prime Minister and the Ministry of Education.ix team, only relenting under pressure from the Prime Minister and the Ministry of Education.ix At the same time, Satǀ’s role and the national embrace of the Paralympics raises interesting At the same time, Satǀ’s role and the national embrace of the Paralympics raises interesting questions. It is not difficult, for example, to read Satǀ’s account of overcoming through sports as a questions. It is not difficult, for example, to read Satǀ’s account of overcoming through sports as a national allegory of sorts: using sports to overcome adversity was at the heart of the larger message national allegory of sorts: using sports to overcome adversity was at the heart of the larger message that Tokyo was trying to convey with its post-3.11 bid for the 2020 Olympics and Paralympics. But that Tokyo was trying to convey with its post-3.11 bid for the 2020 Olympics and Paralympics. But is the goal of the Paralympics really about national prestige or national recovery? The increasing is the goal of the Paralympics really about national prestige or national recovery? The increasing attention to things like medal counts at the Paralympics suggests that the professionalization and attention to things like medal counts at the Paralympics suggests that the professionalization and “normalization” of these Games is resulting in no small part from links to nationalism, but at what “normalization” of these Games is resulting in no small part from links to nationalism, but at what cost? Does funneling support and funding to build elite sport for the sake of national prestige or cost? Does funneling support and funding to build elite sport for the sake of national prestige or 50 50 recovery really have an impact on the lives of those with disabilities beyond some abstract sense of recovery really have an impact on the lives of those with disabilities beyond some abstract sense of inspiration? I do not have answers to such questions, but they are necessary to ask as Japan looks to inspiration? I do not have answers to such questions, but they are necessary to ask as Japan looks to 2020 and beyond, and as I continue my own research on Japan’s engagement with the Paralympic 2020 and beyond, and as I continue my own research on Japan’s engagement with the Paralympic Movement. Movement. To this point, I have spoken largely about organizational issues in relation to the Games, so let me To this point, I have spoken largely about organizational issues in relation to the Games, so let me end today by offering brief thoughts on four trends in Japanese media coverage of the Paralympics end today by offering brief thoughts on four trends in Japanese media coverage of the Paralympics from the 1960s to the present. First, coverage of the Paralympic Games held in Japan has been from the 1960s to the present. First, coverage of the Paralympic Games held in Japan has been surprisingly extensive. Even for the earlier 1964 Games, the major urban dailies, sports newspapers, surprisingly extensive. Even for the earlier 1964 Games, the major urban dailies, sports newspapers, a mix of regional papers, and the NHK public television network, all included some degree of a mix of regional papers, and the NHK public television network, all included some degree of coverage for the event, with some offering detailed commentary and multiple photographs. The coverage for the event, with some offering detailed commentary and multiple photographs. The Nagano Games generated even more publicity, and if the preliminary reporting we are currently Nagano Games generated even more publicity, and if the preliminary reporting we are currently seeing is any indication, Tokyo 2020 will be the best-documented Paralympics to date. What these seeing is any indication, Tokyo 2020 will be the best-documented Paralympics to date. What these general coverage trends suggest is that the amount of media attention these events attract is general coverage trends suggest is that the amount of media attention these events attract is important, but it is not the only issue. We must also give attention to how the event and its important, but it is not the only issue. We must also give attention to how the event and its participants are being depicted and whether such coverage has been fleeting or sustained. participants are being depicted and whether such coverage has been fleeting or sustained. Thinking about the nature of coverage brings me to a second broad trend. Many of the national Thinking about the nature of coverage brings me to a second broad trend. Many of the national media outlets in Japan have tended to focus on more spectacular elements, such as opening media outlets in Japan have tended to focus on more spectacular elements, such as opening ceremonies and winners, supplemented by shorter feature stories on key athletes and key figures ceremonies and winners, supplemented by shorter feature stories on key athletes and key figures associated with the Paralympic Movement. In 1998, feature stories on athletes—both Japanese and associated with the Paralympic Movement. In 1998, feature stories on athletes—both Japanese and foreign—became more numerous, and we are already seeing athletes talking about 2020, a trend foreign—became more numerous, and we are already seeing athletes talking about 2020, a trend likely linked to increased chances for Japanese victories, since several of Japan’s athletes are now likely linked to increased chances for Japanese victories, since several of Japan’s athletes are now among the world’s best in their particular sports. However, the most detailed and nuanced stories among the world’s best in their particular sports. However, the most detailed and nuanced stories about Paralympic athletes are found not in national media coverage, but in local media outlets. While about Paralympic athletes are found not in national media coverage, but in local media outlets. While this almost certainly reflects local marketing needs and practices of talking about hometown “stars,” this almost certainly reflects local marketing needs and practices of talking about hometown “stars,” in the end, such coverage is inherently limited in its reach. in the end, such coverage is inherently limited in its reach. In both the national and local coverage another trend is the persistence of the rehabilitation focus In both the national and local coverage another trend is the persistence of the rehabilitation focus from the earlier years of the Games. Even as the Paralympics have become increasingly elite at all from the earlier years of the Games. Even as the Paralympics have become increasingly elite at all levels and in all regions, many media outlets continue to rely on patterns that link—often levels and in all regions, many media outlets continue to rely on patterns that link—often explicitly—sports to some sort of recovery. To be sure, such coverage is often influenced by the explicitly—sports to some sort of recovery. To be sure, such coverage is often influenced by the stories, like that of Satǀ Mami, that athletes tell about themselves, a fact that raises important stories, like that of Satǀ Mami, that athletes tell about themselves, a fact that raises important questions about the role of inspirational discourses that are often tied to disability sport in Japan and questions about the role of inspirational discourses that are often tied to disability sport in Japan and beyond. Are the “inspirational” qualities so often cited as a motive for promoting the Paralympics beyond. Are the “inspirational” qualities so often cited as a motive for promoting the Paralympics different from those associated with able-bodied sports? Do these inspirational discourses have a real, different from those associated with able-bodied sports? Do these inspirational discourses have a real, sustained impact, or do they simply make us feel good without really having to act? sustained impact, or do they simply make us feel good without really having to act? One final trend merits attention because it will likely play a pivotal role in 2020 and beyond: the One final trend merits attention because it will likely play a pivotal role in 2020 and beyond: the reliance on new media outlets. Because of frustrations with mainstream media that offers limited reliance on new media outlets. Because of frustrations with mainstream media that offers limited 51 51 coverage of even international events, several athletes and organizations, including the International coverage of even international events, several athletes and organizations, including the International Paralympic Committee have been turning to blogs, websites, and live streaming to get their message Paralympic Committee have been turning to blogs, websites, and live streaming to get their message out. x On one hand, this is a huge development that frees athletes from relying on largely out. x On one hand, this is a huge development that frees athletes from relying on largely uncooperative mass media networks and gives them a degree of agency over what they say and how uncooperative mass media networks and gives them a degree of agency over what they say and how they say it. On the other hand, opting for this approach takes the pressure off mainstream media they say it. On the other hand, opting for this approach takes the pressure off mainstream media networks and might even risk further marginalization. Without the larger media presence to generate networks and might even risk further marginalization. Without the larger media presence to generate broader initial awareness, only people who already know about disability sports will be actively broader initial awareness, only people who already know about disability sports will be actively seeking information, a conundrum that brings me back to a point I started with. The Paralympics seeking information, a conundrum that brings me back to a point I started with. The Paralympics have made great strides in Japan and elsewhere, but we need to be careful not to assume some sort of have made great strides in Japan and elsewhere, but we need to be careful not to assume some sort of teleological progress will result from simply holding an international sporting event, like the teleological progress will result from simply holding an international sporting event, like the Paralympics. If we want them to have more than a superficial impact, we need careful and critical Paralympics. If we want them to have more than a superficial impact, we need careful and critical examinations of these Games, how they are organized, held, and represented. examinations of these Games, how they are organized, held, and represented. i i For one example, see the catalogue for a 50th anniversary exhibit at the Edo-Tokyo Museum: For one example, see the catalogue for a 50th anniversary exhibit at the Edo-Tokyo Museum: Yukiyoshi Shǀichi Yukiyoshi Shǀichi and Yoneyama Junichi, eds, Tǀkyǀ Orinpikku to shinkansen (Tokyo: Seigensha, 2014). and Yoneyama Junichi, eds, Tǀkyǀ Orinpikku to shinkansen (Tokyo: Seigensha, 2014). ii ii Dennis J. Frost, “Tokyo’s Other Games: The Origins and Impact of the 1964 Paralympics,” The International Dennis J. Frost, “Tokyo’s Other Games: The Origins and Impact of the 1964 Paralympics,” The International Journal of the History of Sport 29.4 (March 2012): pp. 619-637. Journal of the History of Sport 29.4 (March 2012): pp. 619-637. iii iii Dennis J. Frost, “Sporting Disability: Official Representations of the Disabled Athlete at Tokyo’s Dennis J. Frost, “Sporting Disability: Official Representations of the Disabled Athlete at Tokyo’s 1964 1964 Paralympics,” Asia-Pacific Journal of Sport and Social Science 2.3 (December 2013): pp. 173-186. Paralympics,” Asia-Pacific Journal of Sport and Social Science 2.3 (December 2013): pp. 173-186. iv iv Nakamura Tarǀ, Pararinpikku e no shǀtai: Chǀsen suru asurƯtotachi (Tokyo: Iwanami shoten, 2002): pp. 168-170; see also, Watari Tadashi, Shǀgaisha supǀtsu no rinkaiten (Tokyo: Shinhyǀron, Nakamura Tarǀ, Pararinpikku e no shǀtai: Chǀsen suru asurƯtotachi (Tokyo: Iwanami shoten, 2002): pp. 168-170; see also, Watari Tadashi, Shǀgaisha supǀtsu no rinkaiten (Tokyo: Shinhyǀron, 2012): pp. 108, 129-132. 2012): pp. 108, 129-132. v v See, for example, several athletes’ comments in Nihon Shintai Shǀgaisha Supǀtsu Kyǀkai, ed, 1998 See, for example, several athletes’ comments in Nihon Shintai Shǀgaisha Supǀtsu Kyǀkai, ed, 1998 Nagano Nagano Pararinpikku Nihon senshu meikan (Tokyo: Chnjǀ Hǀki Shuppan, 1998). For similar statements from Pararinpikku Nihon senshu meikan (Tokyo: Chnjǀ Hǀki Shuppan, 1998). For similar statements from a foreign athlete, see “Nagano Pararinpikku: Watashi no shokugyǀ wa ‘kyǀgisha’! CheasukƯ no joǀ a foreign athlete, see “Nagano Pararinpikku: Watashi no shokugyǀ wa ‘kyǀgisha’! CheasukƯ no joǀ Sara senshu,” Yomiuri Shinbun, 11 March 1998, p. 2sha. Sara senshu,” Yomiuri Shinbun, 11 March 1998, p. 2sha. vi vi See for example this local report on village officials using wheelchairs to experience the lack of See for example this local report on village officials using wheelchairs to experience the lack of accessibility: accessibility: “Gorin Pararinpikku mukaeru machidzukuri Hakuba songi shǀgaisha no tachiba de genjǀ kakunin,” “Gorin Pararinpikku mukaeru machidzukuri Hakuba songi shǀgaisha no tachiba de genjǀ kakunin,” Shinano Mainichi Shinbun, 14 October 1995. Shinano Mainichi Shinbun, 14 October 1995. vii vii Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Bid Committee, Candidature File: Tokyo 2020: Discover Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Bid Committee, Candidature File: Tokyo 2020: Discover Tomorrow. Publication. 3 Vols. (Tokyo: Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Bid Committee, 2013). Tomorrow. Publication. 3 Vols. (Tokyo: Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Bid Committee, 2013). 52 52 viii Satǀ’s speech has received repeated attention in both Japanese and English. Tokyo’s winning bid viii Satǀ’s speech has received repeated attention in both Japanese and English. Tokyo’s winning bid and Satǀ’s role in and Satǀ’s role in particular were featured on the IPC website as a highlight of the year. See “No. 9: Tokyo lands 2020 particular were featured on the IPC website as a highlight of the year. See “No. 9: Tokyo lands 2020 Paralympic Games,” Official Website of the Paralympic Movement, Paralympic Games,” Official Website of the Paralympic Movement, http://www.paralympic.org/feature/no-9-tokyo-lands-2020-paralympic-games, 23 December 2013. http://www.paralympic.org/feature/no-9-tokyo-lands-2020-paralympic-games, 23 December 2013. ix ix The uniform controversy was well documented in the press. For an example on the resolution, see The uniform controversy was well documented in the press. For an example on the resolution, see “Nagano “Nagano Pararinpikku no yunihǀmu JOC ga ‘gorin to onaji’ kettei,” Yomiuri Shinbun, 13 August 1997, p. 2sha. Pararinpikku no yunihǀmu JOC ga ‘gorin to onaji’ kettei,” Yomiuri Shinbun, 13 August 1997, p. 2sha. x x For one example from Japan, see Stand, NPO, “AsurƯto burogu,” Chǀsenshatachi, http://www.challengers.tv/athlete/, 2015. For one example from Japan, see Stand, NPO, “AsurƯto burogu,” Chǀsenshatachi, http://www.challengers.tv/athlete/, 2015. 53 53 「開会式における多文化共生へのメッセージ」 「開会式における多文化共生へのメッセージ」 飯笹 佐代子 飯笹 佐代子 青山学院大学社会連携機構国際交流共同研究センター客員研究員 青山学院大学社会連携機構国際交流共同研究センター客員研究員 東北文化学園大学教授 東北文化学園大学教授 ࡇࡢሗ࿌࡛ࡣࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ➇ᢏ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ㐣ཤࡢ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ㛤ᘧࡢⱁ⾡ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛὀ┠ࡋ࡞ ࡇࡢሗ࿌࡛ࡣࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ➇ᢏ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ㐣ཤࡢ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ㛤ᘧࡢⱁ⾡ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛὀ┠ࡋ࡞ ࡀࡽࠊࡑࡇ࡛ᢨ㟢ࡉࢀࡿ≀ㄒࡸ₇ฟ㎸ࡵࡽࢀࡓពࢆࠊከᩥࡢඹ⏕࠸࠺ほⅬࡽㄞࡳゎࡃࡇ ࡀࡽࠊࡑࡇ࡛ᢨ㟢ࡉࢀࡿ≀ㄒࡸ₇ฟ㎸ࡵࡽࢀࡓពࢆࠊከᩥࡢඹ⏕࠸࠺ほⅬࡽㄞࡳゎࡃࡇ ࢆヨࡳࡓ࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛⚾ࡣࠊ࣐ࣝࢳ࢝ࣝࢳࣗࣛࣜࢬ࣒㸦ከᩥ⩏㸧ࡸከᩥඹ⏕㛵ᚰࢆᣢࡕࠊ ࢆヨࡳࡓ࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛⚾ࡣࠊ࣐ࣝࢳ࢝ࣝࢳࣗࣛࣜࢬ࣒㸦ከᩥ⩏㸧ࡸከᩥඹ⏕㛵ᚰࢆᣢࡕࠊ ≉࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜࡸ࢝ࢼࢲࢆ୰ᚰࡍࡿከᩥ♫ࡢᨻⓗືྥࡘ࠸࡚◊✲ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡑ ≉࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜࡸ࢝ࢼࢲࢆ୰ᚰࡍࡿከᩥ♫ࡢᨻⓗືྥࡘ࠸࡚◊✲ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡑ ࠺ࡋࡓ࡞࡛ࠊ㏆ᖺࡣࢫ࣏࣮ࢶከᩥࠊࡶࡋࡃࡣࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࣭࣋ࣥࢺ࠾ࡅࡿከᩥᛶࡶ⯆ ࠺ࡋࡓ࡞࡛ࠊ㏆ᖺࡣࢫ࣏࣮ࢶከᩥࠊࡶࡋࡃࡣࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࣭࣋ࣥࢺ࠾ࡅࡿከᩥᛶࡶ⯆ ࢆចࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ◊✲㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࡲࡗࡓࡃࡢ⣲ே࡛࠶ࡾࠊᮏሗ ࢆចࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ◊✲㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࡲࡗࡓࡃࡢ⣲ே࡛࠶ࡾࠊᮏሗ ࿌ࡣ␗ศ㔝ࡽࡢࡉࡉࡸ࡞ၥ㢟ᥦ㉳࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ཷࡅṆࡵ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡅࢀࡤᖾ࠸࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࿌ࡣ␗ศ㔝ࡽࡢࡉࡉࡸ࡞ၥ㢟ᥦ㉳࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ཷࡅṆࡵ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡅࢀࡤᖾ࠸࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ┒ࡍࡿ㛤ᘧࡢࠕⱁ⾡ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࠖ ┒ࡍࡿ㛤ᘧࡢࠕⱁ⾡ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࠖ ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢆࢫ࣌ࢡࢱࢡࣝ⌮ㄽࡽ◊✲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢪ࣭ࣙࣥ-㸬࣐࣮࢝ࣝࣥ㸦-RKQ-0DFDORRQ㸧 ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢆࢫ࣌ࢡࢱࢡࣝ⌮ㄽࡽ◊✲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢪ࣭ࣙࣥ-㸬࣐࣮࢝ࣝࣥ㸦-RKQ-0DFDORRQ㸧 ࡼࡿࠊ ㏆௦࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡣࠊ ࠕࢫ࣌ࢡࢱࢡࣝ 㸦VSHFWDFOH㸧 ࠖ ࠊ ࠕ⚃⚍ 㸦IHVWLYDO㸧 ࠖ ࠊ ࠕ♩ 㸦ULWXDO㸧 ࠖ ࠊ ࡼࡿࠊ ㏆௦࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡣࠊ ࠕࢫ࣌ࢡࢱࢡࣝ 㸦VSHFWDFOH㸧 ࠖ ࠊ ࠕ⚃⚍ 㸦IHVWLYDO㸧 ࠖ ࠕ♩ ࠊ 㸦ULWXDO㸧 ࠖ ࠊ ࠕࢤ࣮࣒㸦JDPH㸧 ࠖࡀΰྜࡉࢀࡓ⊂⮬ࡢࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࠋ㛤ᘧࡸ㛢ᘧ࠸ࡗࡓ ࠕࢤ࣮࣒㸦JDPH㸧 ࠖࡀΰྜࡉࢀࡓ⊂⮬ࡢࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࠋ㛤ᘧࡸ㛢ᘧ࠸ࡗࡓ ࣋ࣥࢺࡣࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ࠺ࡕࠕࢤ࣮࣒ࠖࢆ㝖ࡃ㸱ࡘࡢせ⣲ࡍ࡚ࡀ㢧ⴭ⾲㇟ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠼ࡿࠋ ࣋ࣥࢺࡣࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ࠺ࡕࠕࢤ࣮࣒ࠖࢆ㝖ࡃ㸱ࡘࡢせ⣲ࡍ࡚ࡀ㢧ⴭ⾲㇟ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠼ࡿࠋ ࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ◊✲࠾࠸࡚ࠊ㛤ᘧࡑࡢࡶࡢࡣࡑࢀὀ┠ࡉࢀ࡚ࡇ࡞ ࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ◊✲࠾࠸࡚ࠊ㛤ᘧࡑࡢࡶࡢࡣࡑࢀὀ┠ࡉࢀ࡚ࡇ࡞ ࡗࡓほࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡗࡓほࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ㏆ᖺࡢ㛤ᘧ࠾ࡅࡿ㝿❧ࡗࡓ≉ᚩࡣࠊ㑅ᡭᅋࡢධሙ⾜㐍ࡸ⪷ⅆࡢⅬⅉ࡞ࡢᐃࡵࡽࢀࡓᘧࡢ ㏆ᖺࡢ㛤ᘧ࠾ࡅࡿ㝿❧ࡗࡓ≉ᚩࡣࠊ㑅ᡭᅋࡢධሙ⾜㐍ࡸ⪷ⅆࡢⅬⅉ࡞ࡢᐃࡵࡽࢀࡓᘧࡢ ࠊ୍࣋ࣥࢺ࣭ࢩ࣮ࣙࡋ࡚ࡢࠕⱁ⾡ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࠖࡀ┒࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠊ୍࣋ࣥࢺ࣭ࢩ࣮ࣙࡋ࡚ࡢࠕⱁ⾡ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࠖࡀ┒࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㛤ᘧࡘ࠸࡚ඛ㥑ⓗ◊✲ࡉࢀ࡚ࡇࡽࢀࡓ⯖ᮏ┤ᩥẶࡼࡿࠊࡑࡢഴྥࡣ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡀၟᴗ 㛤ᘧࡘ࠸࡚ඛ㥑ⓗ◊✲ࡉࢀ࡚ࡇࡽࢀࡓ⯖ᮏ┤ᩥẶࡼࡿࠊࡑࡢഴྥࡣ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡀၟᴗ ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ ᖺࡢࣟࢧࣥࢪ࢙ࣝࢫ࣭࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡽぢࡽࢀࠊࡑࢀࡣ୍ࢩ࣮ࣙࢆᒎ㛤ࡍࡿࡇ ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ ᖺࡢࣟࢧࣥࢪ࢙ࣝࢫ࣭࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡽぢࡽࢀࠊࡑࢀࡣ୍ࢩ࣮ࣙࢆᒎ㛤ࡍࡿࡇ ࡼࡗ࡚ࢸࣞࣅど⫈⪅ࡢ㛵ᚰࢆ㞟ࡵࠊࢸࣞࣅᒁࡀࢫ࣏ࣥࢧ࣮ࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᡓ␎ࡼࡿ㒊ศࡀࡁ ࡼࡗ࡚ࢸࣞࣅど⫈⪅ࡢ㛵ᚰࢆ㞟ࡵࠊࢸࣞࣅᒁࡀࢫ࣏ࣥࢧ࣮ࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᡓ␎ࡼࡿ㒊ศࡀࡁ ࠸࠸࠺ࠋ ࠸࠸࠺ࠋ 㛤ᘧࡢࠕⱁ⾡ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࠖࡣࠊᴫࡋ࡚ୡ⏺ⓗྡࡔࡓࡿࣉࣟࢹ࣮ࣗࢧ࣮ࡼࡿ㛗㛫ࡢኊ࡞ 㛤ᘧࡢࠕⱁ⾡ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࠖࡣࠊᴫࡋ࡚ୡ⏺ⓗྡࡔࡓࡿࣉࣟࢹ࣮ࣗࢧ࣮ࡼࡿ㛗㛫ࡢኊ࡞ ࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࡋ࡚₇ࡌࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࣓ࢹ◊✲⪅ࡢ᳃㔝⪽ᏊẶࡣࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࣉ ࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࡋ࡚₇ࡌࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࣓ࢹ◊✲⪅ࡢ᳃㔝⪽ᏊẶࡣࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࣉ ࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆࠕ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢬ࣒࠸࠺ࠕࢿࢩࣙࣥࠖࢆ㉸࠼ࡓࠕࡁ࡞≀ㄒࠖࠊ ࠕࢿࢩࣙࣥࠖࡢព㆑ ࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆࠕ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢬ࣒࠸࠺ࠕࢿࢩࣙࣥࠖࢆ㉸࠼ࡓࠕࡁ࡞≀ㄒࠖࠊ ࠕࢿࢩࣙࣥࠖࡢព㆑ ࢪ࣭ࣙࣥ-㸬࣐࣮࢝ࣝࣥࠕ㏆௦♫࠾ࡅࡿ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢫ࣌ࢡࢱࢡࣝ⌮ㄽ࣐࣮ࠖ࢝ࣝࣥ⦅ࠗୡ ⏺ࢆᫎࡍ㙾̾ࢩࣦ࣭࣮ࣕࣜࣜ࢝ࢽࣦ࣭ࣝ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࠘ 㸦ගᘏ᫂ὒヂ㸧ᖹซ♫ࠊ ᖺ ⯖ᮏ┤ᩥࠕࢩࢻࢽ࣮࣭࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ㛤ᘧࡢⱁ⾡ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡳࡿᩥⓗពࠖ ࠗ᪥ᮏయ⫱Ꮫ ྕ࠘1R ᖺ ࢪ࣭ࣙࣥ-㸬࣐࣮࢝ࣝࣥࠕ㏆௦♫࠾ࡅࡿ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢫ࣌ࢡࢱࢡࣝ⌮ㄽ࣐࣮ࠖ࢝ࣝࣥ⦅ࠗୡ ⏺ࢆᫎࡍ㙾̾ࢩࣦ࣭࣮ࣕࣜࣜ࢝ࢽࣦ࣭ࣝ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࠘ 㸦ගᘏ᫂ὒヂ㸧ᖹซ♫ࠊ ᖺ ⯖ᮏ┤ᩥࠕࢩࢻࢽ࣮࣭࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ㛤ᘧࡢⱁ⾡ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡳࡿᩥⓗពࠖ ࠗ᪥ᮏయ⫱Ꮫ ྕ࠘1R ᖺ 54 54 㧗ᥭ࠸࠺ࢱࣈ࣭࣓ࣝࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࡢሙࠖࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡉࡽゝ࠼ࡤࠊ㛤ദᆅࡢᩥⓗࠊṔྐⓗ 㧗ᥭ࠸࠺ࢱࣈ࣭࣓ࣝࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࡢሙࠖࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡉࡽゝ࠼ࡤࠊ㛤ദᆅࡢᩥⓗࠊṔྐⓗ ⊂⮬ᛶࢆㄞࡳ┤ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࢼࢩࣙࢼ࣭ࣝࢹࣥࢸࢸࢆᵓ⠏ࡋࠊࡑࢀࢆୡ⏺ྥࡅ࡚ࠊྠ ⊂⮬ᛶࢆㄞࡳ┤ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࢼࢩࣙࢼ࣭ࣝࢹࣥࢸࢸࢆᵓ⠏ࡋࠊࡑࢀࢆୡ⏺ྥࡅ࡚ࠊྠ ᅜẸྥࡅ࡚㧗ࡽᐉゝࡍࡿ᱁ዲࡢᶵࠊࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ෭ᡓ ᅜẸྥࡅ࡚㧗ࡽᐉゝࡍࡿ᱁ዲࡢᶵࠊࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ෭ᡓ ⤊⤖௨㝆ࠊᅜෆእ࠾࠸࡚ከᵝ࡞Ẹ᪘ࡸᩥࡢඹ⏕ࡀୡ⏺ᖹࡢࡓࡵࡢㄢ㢟ࡋ࡚㔜せᛶࢆቑࡍ࡞ ⤊⤖௨㝆ࠊᅜෆእ࠾࠸࡚ከᵝ࡞Ẹ᪘ࡸᩥࡢඹ⏕ࡀୡ⏺ᖹࡢࡓࡵࡢㄢ㢟ࡋ࡚㔜せᛶࢆቑࡍ࡞ ࡛ࠊ㛤ദᅜࡀ⮬ࡽࡢከᵝᛶࡢㄪࠊ࡞࠸ࡋࡣ⼥ࢆ࠸᥎㐍ࡋࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࠊࡑࢀࢆ ࡛ࠊ㛤ദᅜࡀ⮬ࡽࡢከᵝᛶࡢㄪࠊ࡞࠸ࡋࡣ⼥ࢆ࠸᥎㐍ࡋࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࠊࡑࢀࢆ ࣆ࣮ࣝࡍࡿሙࡶ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿゝ࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋ ࣆ࣮ࣝࡍࡿሙࡶ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿゝ࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋ ࢩࢻࢽ࣮࣭࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ㛤ᘧ㸦 ᖺ㸧 ࢩࢻࢽ࣮࣭࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ㛤ᘧ㸦 ᖺ㸧 ඛఫẸࡢᏑᅾឤ ඛఫẸࡢᏑᅾឤ ከᵝᛶࡢㄪࢆ࠸ࣆ࣮ࣝࡍࡿࡢ࠸࠺Ⅼ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ㛤ദ๓ࡽὀ┠ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡀࠊ ከᵝᛶࡢㄪࢆ࠸ࣆ࣮ࣝࡍࡿࡢ࠸࠺Ⅼ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ㛤ദ๓ࡽὀ┠ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡀࠊ ᖺࡢࢩࢻࢽ࣮࣭࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ㛤ᘧ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜࡀ ᖺ௦௨㝆ࠊࡘ࡚ࡢ ᖺࡢࢩࢻࢽ࣮࣭࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ㛤ᘧ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜࡀ ᖺ௦௨㝆ࠊࡘ࡚ࡢ ⓑ⩏ࡽ୍㌿ࡋ࡚ከᩥ⩏㸦PXOWLFXOWXUDOLVP㸧ࢆᅜᐙࡢᨻ⟇ࡋ࡚᥎㐍ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡇຍ ⓑ⩏ࡽ୍㌿ࡋ࡚ከᩥ⩏㸦PXOWLFXOWXUDOLVP㸧ࢆᅜᐙࡢᨻ⟇ࡋ࡚᥎㐍ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡇຍ ࠼࡚ࠊࢩࢻࢽ࣮ࡀ ᖺ㛤ദᆅࡋ࡚❧ೃ⿵ࡋࡓࡽࠕ࣎ࣜࢪࢽࡽඛఫẸ㈉⊩ࡍࡿ㍯ࡢ㛤 ࠼࡚ࠊࢩࢻࢽ࣮ࡀ ᖺ㛤ദᆅࡋ࡚❧ೃ⿵ࡋࡓࡽࠕ࣎ࣜࢪࢽࡽඛఫẸ㈉⊩ࡍࡿ㍯ࡢ㛤 ദࠖࢆ⣙᮰ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ദࠖࢆ⣙᮰ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᐇ㝿ࠊࣜࢵࢡ࣭ࣂ࣮ࢳ㸦5LF%LUFK㸧ࡀ₇ฟࢆᡭࡅࡓ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ㛤ᘧࡣࠊయࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊ ᐇ㝿ࠊࣜࢵࢡ࣭ࣂ࣮ࢳ㸦5LF%LUFK㸧ࡀ₇ฟࢆᡭࡅࡓ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ㛤ᘧࡣࠊయࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊ ࡲࡉࡋࡃඛఫẸࡢᏑᅾឤᙬࡽࢀࡿᵓᡂ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ࠕⱁ⾡ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࠖࡢෆᐜࡣࠊⓑேࡢᑡዪࡀࣅ࣮ ࡲࡉࡋࡃඛఫẸࡢᏑᅾឤᙬࡽࢀࡿᵓᡂ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ࠕⱁ⾡ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࠖࡢෆᐜࡣࠊⓑேࡢᑡዪࡀࣅ࣮ ࢳ࡛࠺ࡓࡓᐷࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㛫ࠊኴྂࡽ⥆ࡃ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜࡢṔྐࢆክぢࡿ࠸࠺ࢫࢺ࣮࣮࡛ࣜࠊ ࢳ࡛࠺ࡓࡓᐷࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㛫ࠊኴྂࡽ⥆ࡃ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜࡢṔྐࢆክぢࡿ࠸࠺ࢫࢺ࣮࣮࡛ࣜࠊ 㸵ࡘࡢࢫࢸ࣮ࢪࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㸵ࡘࡢࢫࢸ࣮ࢪࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㸯 ῝ᾏࡢክ㸦'HHS6HD'UHDP㸧 㸯 ῝ᾏࡢክ㸦'HHS6HD'UHDP㸧 㸰 ┠ぬࡵ㸦$ZDNHQLQJ㸧 㸰 ┠ぬࡵ㸦$ZDNHQLQJ㸧 㸱 ⅆ㸦)LUH㸧 㸱 ⅆ㸦)LUH㸧 㸲 ⮬↛㸦QDWXUH㸧 㸲 ⮬↛㸦QDWXUH㸧 㸳 ࣈࣜ࢟㡪᭤㸦7LQ6\PSKRQ\㸧 㸳 ࣈࣜ࢟㡪᭤㸦7LQ6\PSKRQ\㸧 㸴 ฿᮶㸦$UULYDOV㸧 㸴 ฿᮶㸦$UULYDOV㸧 㸵 Ọ㐲㸦(WHUQLW\㸧 㸵 Ọ㐲㸦(WHUQLW\㸧 ࠕ┠ぬࡵࠖࡢࢫࢸ࣮ࢪ࡛ࡣࠊᑡዪࡀ࣎ࣜࢪࢽࡢ㛗⪁ฟ࠸ࠊⓑேࡼࡿධ᳜๓ࡢඛఫẸࡢୡ ࠕ┠ぬࡵࠖࡢࢫࢸ࣮ࢪ࡛ࡣࠊᑡዪࡀ࣎ࣜࢪࢽࡢ㛗⪁ฟ࠸ࠊⓑேࡼࡿධ᳜๓ࡢඛఫẸࡢୡ ⏺ㄏࢃࢀࡿࠋඛఫẸ୍ཱྀゝࡗ࡚ࡶ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ㝣ࡣゝㄒࡶ⩦ࡶ␗࡞ࡿࡓࡃࡉࢇࡢ ⏺ㄏࢃࢀࡿࠋඛఫẸ୍ཱྀゝࡗ࡚ࡶ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ㝣ࡣゝㄒࡶ⩦ࡶ␗࡞ࡿࡓࡃࡉࢇࡢ ࣎ࣜࢪࢽࡢ㒊᪘ࡀ࠾ࡾࠊࡲࡓࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜᓊࣃࣉ࣭ࢽ࣮ࣗࢠࢽࡢ㛫ࡢᓥࠎࡣࠊࢺ ࣎ࣜࢪࢽࡢ㒊᪘ࡀ࠾ࡾࠊࡲࡓࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜᓊࣃࣉ࣭ࢽ࣮ࣗࢠࢽࡢ㛫ࡢᓥࠎࡣࠊࢺ ࣞࢫᾏᓙㅖᓥẸ㸦7RUUHV6WUDLW,VODQGHUV㸧ࡤࢀࡿேࠎࡶ࠸ࡿࠋሙࡣᅜࡽ⣙ ྡ ࣞࢫᾏᓙㅖᓥẸ㸦7RUUHV6WUDLW,VODQGHUV㸧ࡤࢀࡿேࠎࡶ࠸ࡿࠋሙࡣᅜࡽ⣙ ྡ ࡶࡢඛఫẸࡀ୍ᇽࡋࠊ᐀ᩍ♩ࡸࢲࣥࢫ࡞ࡢከᵝ࡞ࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࡀᢨ㟢ࡉࢀࡓࠋ ࡶࡢඛఫẸࡀ୍ᇽࡋࠊ᐀ᩍ♩ࡸࢲࣥࢫ࡞ࡢከᵝ࡞ࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࡀᢨ㟢ࡉࢀࡓࠋ ᳃㔝⪽Ꮚࠕࣟࣥࢻ࣭ࣥ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ㛤ᘧぢࡿࠕࣈࣜࢸࢵࢩࣗࢿࢫ࣐ࠖࠥࣝࢸ࢝ࣝࢳࣗࣛ ࣜࢬ࣒ࡽࠕከᵝ࡞ࡿປാ⪅ࡢ⤖᮰ࠖࠖ ࠗ㟼ᒸᏛሗᏛ◊✲࠘ ᕳࠊ ᖺ ᳃㔝⪽Ꮚࠕࣟࣥࢻ࣭ࣥ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ㛤ᘧぢࡿࠕࣈࣜࢸࢵࢩࣗࢿࢫ࣐ࠖࠥࣝࢸ࢝ࣝࢳࣗࣛ ࣜࢬ࣒ࡽࠕከᵝ࡞ࡿປാ⪅ࡢ⤖᮰ࠖࠖ ࠗ㟼ᒸᏛሗᏛ◊✲࠘ ᕳࠊ ᖺ 55 55 ࣈࣜ࢟㡪᭤ ᭤ࠖࡢࢫࢸ࣮ࢪ ࢪ࡛ࡣࠊࢠ ࢠࣜࢫே࢟ࣕࣉ ࣉࢸ࣭ࣥࢡࢵࢡࡼࡿ࣮࢜ ࣮ࢫࢺࣛࣜ 㝣Ⓨ ࠕࣈ ࣈࣜ࢟㡪᭤ ᭤ࠖࡢࢫࢸ࣮ࢪ ࢪ࡛ࡣࠊࢠ ࢠࣜࢫே࢟ࣕࣉ ࣉࢸ࣭ࣥࢡࢵࢡࡼࡿ࣮࢜ ࣮ࢫࢺࣛࣜ 㝣Ⓨ ࠕࣈ ぢ௨㝆 㝆ࡢⓑேࡢṔ Ṕྐࡀ࣮ࣘࣔ ࢆ࠼࡚ᥥ ᥥࢀࡿࠋ࣮ࣚ ࣮ࣟࢵࣃࡽࡢ ࡢධ᳜ࡣඛఫ ఫẸࡗ࡚ࡣ ࡣཷ㞴 ぢ௨㝆 㝆ࡢⓑேࡢṔ Ṕྐࡀ࣮ࣘࣔ ࢆ࠼࡚ᥥ ᥥࢀࡿࠋ࣮ࣚ ࣮ࣟࢵࣃࡽࡢ ࡢධ᳜ࡣඛఫ ఫẸࡗ࡚ࡣ ࡣཷ㞴 ࡢጞࡲ ࡲࡾࢆពࡍ ࡍࡿࡀࠊᕹ⯪ ぢ❧࡚ࡓ⮬㌿㌴ࡗ࡚ ࡚ࡢ࢟ࣕࣉࢸ࣭ࣥࢡࢵࢡࡢ ࡢⓏሙࡣࠊᩒ࠼ ࠼࡚㢼 ࡢጞࡲ ࡲࡾࢆពࡍ ࡍࡿࡀࠊᕹ⯪ ぢ❧࡚ࡓ⮬㌿㌴ࡗ࡚ ࡚ࡢ࢟ࣕࣉࢸ࣭ࣥࢡࢵࢡࡢ ࡢⓏሙࡣࠊᩒ࠼ ࠼࡚㢼 ่ⓗ ₇ฟࡉࢀ࡚ ࡚࠸ࡿ༳㇟࡛࠶ ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ่ⓗ ₇ฟࡉࢀ࡚ ࡚࠸ࡿ༳㇟࡛࠶ ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࣮࢜ ࣮ࢫࢺࣛࣜ ࡀࠊୡ⏺୰ ࡽከࡃࡢ⛣Ẹ Ẹࡸ㞴Ẹࢆཷ ཷࡅධࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ ࡓṔྐࡶᥥ ࢀࡿࠋ ࠕ฿᮶ࠖࡢࢫ ࣮࢜ ࣮ࢫࢺࣛࣜ ࡀࠊୡ⏺୰ ࡽከࡃࡢ⛣Ẹ Ẹࡸ㞴Ẹࢆཷ ཷࡅධࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ ࡓṔྐࡶᥥ ࢀࡿࠋ ࠕ฿᮶ࠖࡢࢫ ࢸ࣮ࢪ ࢪ࡛ࡣࠊ 㝣ࡽࡢ⛣Ẹ Ẹ࣭㞴Ẹࡢ฿ ฿᮶ࡀࠊࣇࣜ ࣜ࢝ࠊࢪࠊ ࠊ࣓ࣜ࢝ࠊ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࠊ ࠊ࢜ࢭ ࢸ࣮ࢪ ࢪ࡛ࡣࠊ 㝣ࡽࡢ⛣Ẹ Ẹ࣭㞴Ẹࡢ฿ ฿᮶ࡀࠊࣇࣜ ࣜ࢝ࠊࢪࠊ ࠊ࣓ࣜ࢝ࠊ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࠊ ࠊ࢜ࢭ ࢽ ࡢ㡰ࠊࡑ ࡑࢀࡒࢀ࢜ࣜࣥ ࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ ㍯ࡢⰍࢆࡲ ࡗࡓேࠎࡢⓏ Ⓩሙࡼࡗ࡚ ࡚♧ࡉࢀࠊࢀ ࢀࡽࡀ ࢽ ࡢ㡰ࠊࡑ ࡑࢀࡒࢀ࢜ࣜࣥ ࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ ㍯ࡢⰍࢆࡲ ࡗࡓேࠎࡢⓏ Ⓩሙࡼࡗ࡚ ࡚♧ࡉࢀࠊࢀ ࢀࡽࡀ ඛఫẸ Ẹࡶ㞟 㞟࠸ࠊከᩥࡢ ࡢ⼥ྜࢆࣆ ࣆ࣮ࣝࡋࡓࠋ ඛఫẸ Ẹࡶ㞟 㞟࠸ࠊከᩥࡢ ࡢ⼥ྜࢆࣆ ࣆ࣮ࣝࡋࡓࠋ ࠾ࡑ ࡑࡽࡃ࣓ࢵࢭ ࢭ࣮ࢪᛶ࠸࠺ ࠺Ⅼ࡛᭱ࡶὀ ὀ┠್ࡍࡿࡢ ࡢࡣࠊ ࠕỌ㐲ࠖࡢࢫࢸ࣮ࢪᚋ ᚋ༙࡛ࠊⓑேࡢ ࡢᑡዪ ࠾ࡑ ࡑࡽࡃ࣓ࢵࢭ ࢭ࣮ࢪᛶ࠸࠺ ࠺Ⅼ࡛᭱ࡶὀ ὀ┠್ࡍࡿࡢ ࡢࡣࠊ ࠕỌ㐲ࠖࡢࢫࢸ࣮ࢪᚋ ᚋ༙࡛ࠊⓑேࡢ ࡢᑡዪ ࣎ ࣎ࣜࢪࢽࡢ㛗 㛗⪁ࡀࠊ Ẹ᪘ࡢ ࡢゎࢆ㇟ᚩࡍ ࡍࡿᶫࡢୖ࡛௰ ௰Ⰻࡃ୪ࡧ❧ ❧ࡗࡓࢩ࣮࡛ࣥ ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ࡑࢀ ࢀࡣࠊ ࣎ ࣎ࣜࢪࢽࡢ㛗 㛗⪁ࡀࠊ Ẹ᪘ࡢ ࡢゎࢆ㇟ᚩࡍ ࡍࡿᶫࡢୖ࡛௰ ௰Ⰻࡃ୪ࡧ❧ ❧ࡗࡓࢩ࣮࡛ࣥ ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ࡑࢀ ࢀࡣࠊ ඛఫẸ Ẹⓑேࡢ ࡢ༠ㄪⓗ࡞㛵ಀ ಀࡢ᫂♧ⓗ࡞₇ฟ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ ࡓゝ࠼ࡿࠋ ඛఫẸ Ẹⓑேࡢ ࡢ༠ㄪⓗ࡞㛵ಀ ಀࡢ᫂♧ⓗ࡞₇ฟ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ ࡓゝ࠼ࡿࠋ ఫẸࡢᏑᅾឤ ឤࡣࠊ㛤ᘧࡢ ࡢࢡ࣐ࣛࢵࢡࢫ࡛࠶ࡿ⪷ ⪷ⅆࡢⅬⅉ࠾ ࠾࠸࡚ࡶ♧ࡉ ࡉࢀࡓࠋ᭱ᚋࡲ ࡲ࡛ㄡ ඛఫ ఫẸࡢᏑᅾឤ ឤࡣࠊ㛤ᘧࡢ ࡢࢡ࣐ࣛࢵࢡࢫ࡛࠶ࡿ⪷ ⪷ⅆࡢⅬⅉ࠾ ࠾࠸࡚ࡶ♧ࡉ ࡉࢀࡓࠋ᭱ᚋࡲ ࡲ࡛ㄡ ඛఫ ࡞ࡿ ࡿࡀఅࡏࡽ ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ⪷ⅆ ⅆࡢ᭱⤊ࣛࣥ ࣥࢼ࣮ࡣࠊ࣎ ࣎ࣜࢪࢽࡢ⾑ࢆᘬࡃ࢟ࣕࢩ ࢩ࣮࣭ࣇ࣮࣐ࣜ ࣐࡛ࣥ ࡞ࡿ ࡿࡀఅࡏࡽ ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ⪷ⅆ ⅆࡢ᭱⤊ࣛࣥ ࣥࢼ࣮ࡣࠊ࣎ ࣎ࣜࢪࢽࡢ⾑ࢆᘬࡃ࢟ࣕࢩ ࢩ࣮࣭ࣇ࣮࣐ࣜ ࣐࡛ࣥ ࠶ࡗࡓ ࡓࠋ⪷ⅆࣜࣞ ࣮ࣞ⮬యࢆぢ࡚ ࡚ࡶࠊඛఫẸ Ẹࡀ㔜どࡉࢀ࡚ ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃ ࢃࡿࠋฟⓎ ⓎⅬࡣ࣎ࣜࢪ ࢪࢽࡢ ࠶ࡗࡓ ࡓࠋ⪷ⅆࣜࣞ ࣮ࣞ⮬యࢆぢ࡚ ࡚ࡶࠊඛఫẸ Ẹࡀ㔜どࡉࢀ࡚ ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃ ࢃࡿࠋฟⓎ ⓎⅬࡣ࣎ࣜࢪ ࢪࢽࡢ 56 56 ⪷ᆅ࢘ࣝࣝ㸦࢚࣮ࢬࣟࢵࢡ㸧࡛࠶ࡾࠊ᭱ึࡢ⪷ⅆࣛࣥࢼ࣮ࡣ࣎ࣜࢪࢽࡋ࡚ึࡢ㔠࣓ࢲࣜࢫ ⪷ᆅ࢘ࣝࣝ㸦࢚࣮ࢬࣟࢵࢡ㸧࡛࠶ࡾࠊ᭱ึࡢ⪷ⅆࣛࣥࢼ࣮ࡣ࣎ࣜࢪࢽࡋ࡚ึࡢ㔠࣓ࢲࣜࢫ ࢺࡀ㉳⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢺࣛࣥࢱ࣭࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࡛ά㌍ࡋࡓዪᏊ࣍ࢵࢣ࣮㑅ᡭࠊࣀࣂ࣭࣌ࣜࢫ࣭ࢽ ࢺࡀ㉳⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢺࣛࣥࢱ࣭࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࡛ά㌍ࡋࡓዪᏊ࣍ࢵࢣ࣮㑅ᡭࠊࣀࣂ࣭࣌ࣜࢫ࣭ࢽ ࣮࣮࡛࣎ࣥ࠶ࡿ ࠋ࡞࠾ࠊୖ㏙ࡢ⪷ⅆࢆⅬⅉࡋࡓࣇ࣮࣐ࣜࣥࡣࠊࡇࡢࢩࢻࢽ࣮࣭࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ ࣮࣮࡛࣎ࣥ࠶ࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊୖ㏙ࡢ⪷ⅆࢆⅬⅉࡋࡓࣇ࣮࣐ࣜࣥࡣࠊࡇࡢࢩࢻࢽ࣮࣭࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ ࣓࣮ࢺࣝ㉮࡛㔠࣓ࢲࣝࢆྲྀࡾࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜࡢᅜ࣎ࣜࢪࢽࡢ୧᪉ࢆᣢࡗ࡚ࢺࣛࢵࢡࢆ୍ ࣓࣮ࢺࣝ㉮࡛㔠࣓ࢲࣝࢆྲྀࡾࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜࡢᅜ࣎ࣜࢪࢽࡢ୧᪉ࢆᣢࡗ࡚ࢺࣛࢵࢡࢆ୍ ࿘ࡋࡓࡇ࡛ヰ㢟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ࿘ࡋࡓࡇ࡛ヰ㢟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ 㛤ᘧࡢ㈶ྰ 㛤ᘧࡢ㈶ྰ ࡉ࡚ࠊࢩࢻࢽ࣮࣭࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ⤌⧊ጤဨࡣࠊ㛤ᘧࡢ₇ฟࡘ࠸࡚ḟࡢࡼ࠺グࡋ⮬㈇ࡋ࡚࠸ ࡉ࡚ࠊࢩࢻࢽ࣮࣭࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ⤌⧊ጤဨࡣࠊ㛤ᘧࡢ₇ฟࡘ࠸࡚ḟࡢࡼ࠺グࡋ⮬㈇ࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿࠋ ࡿࠋ ࠕ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜࡢከᩥ♫ࡀᥥࢀࠊ࠸ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ฟ⮬ࡢேࠎࡀ༠ຊࡋࠊㄪⓗᬽࡽࡋ ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ⌮ࡢ⾲⌧࡛࠶ࡿࠖ ࠕ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜࡢከᩥ♫ࡀᥥࢀࠊ࠸ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ฟ⮬ࡢேࠎࡀ༠ຊࡋࠊㄪⓗᬽࡽࡋ ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ⌮ࡢ⾲⌧࡛࠶ࡿࠖ ☜ࠊ㛤ᘧࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᝏྡ㧗࠸ⓑ⩏Ỵูࡋࠊከᩥ♫ࡋ࡚ᡂ⇍ࡋࡓᅜᐙ࣓࣮ࢪ ☜ࠊ㛤ᘧࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᝏྡ㧗࠸ⓑ⩏Ỵูࡋࠊከᩥ♫ࡋ࡚ᡂ⇍ࡋࡓᅜᐙ࣓࣮ࢪ ࢆୡ⏺ྥࡅ࡚ࣆ࣮࡛ࣝࡁࡓࡇࢆḼ㏄ࡋࡓᅜෆࡢㄽᐈࡣᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢ୍᪉࡛ࠊከࡃࡢᢈุ ࢆୡ⏺ྥࡅ࡚ࣆ࣮࡛ࣝࡁࡓࡇࢆḼ㏄ࡋࡓᅜෆࡢㄽᐈࡣᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢ୍᪉࡛ࠊከࡃࡢᢈุ ࢆႏ㉳ࡋࡓࡇࡶᐇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࣮࢜ࢫࢺ࡛ࣛࣜࡣࠊⓑேࡼࡿ࣎ࣜࢪࢽᑐࡍࡿ㐣ཤࡢ␎ࡸ ࢆႏ㉳ࡋࡓࡇࡶᐇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࣮࢜ࢫࢺ࡛ࣛࣜࡣࠊⓑேࡼࡿ࣎ࣜࢪࢽᑐࡍࡿ㐣ཤࡢ␎ࡸ ᕪูⓗ⾜ⅭࡢΎ⟬ࢆࡵࡄࡗ࡚ࠊඛఫẸ㠀ඛఫẸ࡛࠶ࡿᅜẸࡢࠕゎ㸦UHFRQFLOLDWLRQ㸧 ࠖࢆ࠸ ᕪูⓗ⾜ⅭࡢΎ⟬ࢆࡵࡄࡗ࡚ࠊඛఫẸ㠀ඛఫẸ࡛࠶ࡿᅜẸࡢࠕゎ㸦UHFRQFLOLDWLRQ㸧 ࠖࢆ࠸ 㐩ᡂࡍࡿࡢࡀࠊࡡ࡚ࡼࡾࡁ࡞ᨻㄢ㢟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋྠࠊඛఫẸࡀཷࡅࡓཷ㞴㛵ࡍ 㐩ᡂࡍࡿࡢࡀࠊࡡ࡚ࡼࡾࡁ࡞ᨻㄢ㢟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋྠࠊඛఫẸࡀཷࡅࡓཷ㞴㛵ࡍ ࡿṔྐㄆ㆑ࢆࡵࡄࡗ࡚ㄽதࡶ⥆࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋᐇࡣࠊᙜࡢࢪ࣭ࣙࣥࣁ࣮࣡ࢻ㤳┦ࡣඛఫẸᑐࡍࡿㅰ ࡿṔྐㄆ㆑ࢆࡵࡄࡗ࡚ㄽதࡶ⥆࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋᐇࡣࠊᙜࡢࢪ࣭ࣙࣥࣁ࣮࣡ࢻ㤳┦ࡣඛఫẸᑐࡍࡿㅰ ⨥ࢆᣄࢇ࡛ࠊ ࠕゎࠖࡢ᥎㐍ྰᐃⓗ࡞❧ሙࢆࡾࠊࡉࡽࡣඛఫẸᨻ⟇ࡶࠊࡲࡓከᩥ⩏ᨻ⟇ ⨥ࢆᣄࢇ࡛ࠊ ࠕゎࠖࡢ᥎㐍ྰᐃⓗ࡞❧ሙࢆࡾࠊࡉࡽࡣඛఫẸᨻ⟇ࡶࠊࡲࡓከᩥ⩏ᨻ⟇ ࡶᾘᴟⓗ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ㛤ᘧࡢ₇ฟࢆࠊ⌧ᐇࢆ㞃ⶸࡍࡿࡲࡸࡋࡋ࡚ཷࡅṆࡵࡓே ࡶᾘᴟⓗ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ㛤ᘧࡢ₇ฟࢆࠊ⌧ᐇࢆ㞃ⶸࡍࡿࡲࡸࡋࡋ࡚ཷࡅṆࡵࡓே ࡓࡕࡀ࠸࡚ࡶᛮ㆟࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡼࡾ㎞㎥ホ౯ࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊຍᐖ⪅࡛࠶ࡿⓑேࡢ௦⾲ࢆࠊ↓ᇈ࡛ྍ ࡓࡕࡀ࠸࡚ࡶᛮ㆟࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡼࡾ㎞㎥ホ౯ࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊຍᐖ⪅࡛࠶ࡿⓑேࡢ௦⾲ࢆࠊ↓ᇈ࡛ྍ ឡࡽࡋ࠸ᑡዪ₇ࡌࡉࡏࡿࡇࢆၥ㢟どࡍࡿぢ᪉ࡶ࠶ࡾᚓࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ឡࡽࡋ࠸ᑡዪ₇ࡌࡉࡏࡿࡇࢆၥ㢟どࡍࡿぢ᪉ࡶ࠶ࡾᚓࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ᪉࡛ࠊ㛤ᘧࡢ₇ฟࢆᮍ᮶ྥࡅࡓ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊඛఫẸࡢ⼥ᇶ࡙ࡃከ ᪉࡛ࠊ㛤ᘧࡢ₇ฟࢆᮍ᮶ྥࡅࡓ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊඛఫẸࡢ⼥ᇶ࡙ࡃከ ᩥᅜᐙࡋ࡚ࡢ᪉ྥᛶ࣭ࣅࢪࣙࣥࢆ᫂ᛌᅜẸྥࡅ࡚ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᩒ࠼࡚ࣁ࣮࣡ࢻ㤳┦♧ࡋ࡚ࡳ ᩥᅜᐙࡋ࡚ࡢ᪉ྥᛶ࣭ࣅࢪࣙࣥࢆ᫂ᛌᅜẸྥࡅ࡚ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᩒ࠼࡚ࣁ࣮࣡ࢻ㤳┦♧ࡋ࡚ࡳ ࡏࡓࠊゝ࠺ࡇࡶ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡶࡑࡶࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ㛤ദ⮬యࡢࢫࢱࣥࢫࡣࠊඛఫẸ ࡏࡓࠊゝ࠺ࡇࡶ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡶࡑࡶࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ㛤ദ⮬యࡢࢫࢱࣥࢫࡣࠊඛఫẸ ࡢ㛫࡛ࡶពぢࡣศࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ༠ຊࡋࡓேࡓࡕࡶ࠸ࢀࡤࠊ࣎ࢥࢵࢺࡋࡓࡾࠊᢠ㆟㐠ືࢆヨࡳࡼ࠺ ࡢ㛫࡛ࡶពぢࡣศࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ༠ຊࡋࡓேࡓࡕࡶ࠸ࢀࡤࠊ࣎ࢥࢵࢺࡋࡓࡾࠊᢠ㆟㐠ືࢆヨࡳࡼ࠺ ࡋࡓேࡓࡕࡶ࠸ࡓࠋࡑࢀ࡛ࡶࠊ㛤ᘧࡸࠊ࣎ࣜࢪࢽ࣭࣮ࢺࢆ୰ᚰࡋࡓ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ㛵㐃ࡢ࣮ ࡋࡓேࡓࡕࡶ࠸ࡓࠋࡑࢀ࡛ࡶࠊ㛤ᘧࡸࠊ࣎ࣜࢪࢽ࣭࣮ࢺࢆ୰ᚰࡋࡓ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ㛵㐃ࡢ࣮ ࢺࣇ࢙ࢫࢸࣂࣝࡼࡗ࡚ࠊඛఫẸᑐࡍࡿ㛵ᚰࡸㄆ▱ᗘࡀᅜෆእ࡛㧗ࡲࡿྠࠊඛఫẸࡢேࠎ ࢺࣇ࢙ࢫࢸࣂࣝࡼࡗ࡚ࠊඛఫẸᑐࡍࡿ㛵ᚰࡸㄆ▱ᗘࡀᅜෆእ࡛㧗ࡲࡿྠࠊඛఫẸࡢேࠎ ࡢ࢚ࣥࣃ࣮࣓࣡ࣥࢺࡶࡘ࡞ࡀࡗࡓ㠃ࢆ⫯ᐃⓗᤊ࠼ࡿᙜ⪅ࡶᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡢ࢚ࣥࣃ࣮࣓࣡ࣥࢺࡶࡘ࡞ࡀࡗࡓ㠃ࢆ⫯ᐃⓗᤊ࠼ࡿᙜ⪅ࡶᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᖺࠊKWWSZZZQLNNHLFRMSWRSLFV\GQH\㸦 ᖺ ᭶ ᪥᭱⤊ࢡࢭࢫ㸧 ᖺࠊKWWSZZZQLNNHLFRMSWRSLFV\GQH\㸦 ᖺ ᭶ ᪥᭱⤊ࢡࢭࢫ㸧 ᪥ᮏ⤒῭᪂⪺♫ࢩࢻࢽ࣮ᨭᒁࠕ࣎ࣜࢪࢽࡢࠕゎࡢ୍Ṍࠖ ࣭⪷ⅆ࣮ࣜࣞฟⓎࠖ ࠗ᪥⤒ࢿࢵࢺ࠘ ࠊ 6\GQH\2UJDQLVLQJ&RPPLWWHHIRUWKH2O\PSLF*DPHV2IILFLDO5HSRUWRIWKH;;9,,2O\PSLDG ᪥ᮏ⤒῭᪂⪺♫ࢩࢻࢽ࣮ᨭᒁࠕ࣎ࣜࢪࢽࡢࠕゎࡢ୍Ṍࠖ ࣭⪷ⅆ࣮ࣜࣞฟⓎࠖ ࠗ᪥⤒ࢿࢵࢺ࠘ ࠊ 6\GQH\2UJDQLVLQJ&RPPLWWHHIRUWKH2O\PSLF*DPHV2IILFLDO5HSRUWRIWKH;;9,,2O\PSLDG (YHU"6RFLDO,PSDFWVRI6\GQH\ 6XQ\6HULHVRQ6SRUW&XOWXUHDQG6RFLDO5HODWLRQV (YHU"6RFLDO,PSDFWVRI6\GQH\ 6XQ\6HULHVRQ6SRUW&XOWXUHDQG6RFLDO5HODWLRQV 57 57 ࢩࢻࢽ࣮࣭࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡඛఫẸࡢ㛵ࢃࡾࡘ࠸࡚ヲࡋࡃࡣࠊ/HQVN\M+HOHQ7KH%HVW2O\PSLFV ࢩࢻࢽ࣮࣭࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡඛఫẸࡢ㛵ࢃࡾࡘ࠸࡚ヲࡋࡃࡣࠊ/HQVN\M+HOHQ7KH%HVW2O\PSLFV ࣂࣥࢡ ࢡ࣮ࣂ࣮࣭࢜ ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ ࡢ㛤ᘧ㸦 ᖺ㸧̿ ඛఫẸࡢཧຍ ඛ ຍ ࣂࣥࢡ ࢡ࣮ࣂ࣮࣭࢜ ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ ࡢ㛤ᘧ㸦 ᖺ㸧̿ ඛఫẸࡢཧຍ ඛ ຍ ඛఫ ఫẸࡢᏑᅾࠊᩥࢆ๓㠃 ᡴࡕฟࡋࡓ㛤 㛤ᘧࡣࢩࢻ ࢻࢽ࣮࣭࢜ࣜࣥ ࣥࣆࢵࢡࡔࡅ ࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ ᖺ ඛఫ ఫẸࡢᏑᅾࠊᩥࢆ๓㠃 ᡴࡕฟࡋࡓ㛤 㛤ᘧࡣࢩࢻ ࢻࢽ࣮࣭࢜ࣜࣥ ࣥࣆࢵࢡࡔࡅ ࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ ᖺ ࡢࣂ ࣂࣥࢡ࣮ࣂ࣮ ࣮࣭࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵ ࢵࢡ࡛ࡶࠊ ࡢ⌮ᛕ࡛࠶ ࠶ࡿࠕඛఫẸࡢ ࡢཧຍࠖࢆⰍ Ⰽ⃰ࡃᡴࡕฟࡋ ࡋࡓෆ ࡢࣂ ࣂࣥࢡ࣮ࣂ࣮ ࣮࣭࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵ ࢵࢡ࡛ࡶࠊ ࡢ⌮ᛕ࡛࠶ ࠶ࡿࠕඛఫẸࡢ ࡢཧຍࠖࢆⰍ Ⰽ⃰ࡃᡴࡕฟࡋ ࡋࡓෆ ᐜࡢ㛤 㛤ᘧࡀ⾜ࢃ ࢃࢀࡓࠋ࢝ࢼࢲ ࢲࡣ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜྠᵝ ᵝከᩥ⩏ ⩏ࢆᶆᴶࡋ࡚ ࡚ࡁࡓᅜ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡲ ᐜࡢ㛤 㛤ᘧࡀ⾜ࢃ ࢃࢀࡓࠋ࢝ࢼࢲ ࢲࡣ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜྠᵝ ᵝከᩥ⩏ ⩏ࢆᶆᴶࡋ࡚ ࡚ࡁࡓᅜ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡲ ࡓࠊඛ ඛఫẸࡣࠊࣇ ࣇࣛࣥࢫࠊ⥆࠸ ࠸࡚ࢠࣜࢫࡼࡿᨭ㓄ࡢ ࡢୗ࡛ࠊ࣮࢜ࢫ ࢫࢺࣛࣜ ྠᵝ⌮ᑾ ᑾ࡛ᕪ ࡓࠊඛ ඛఫẸࡣࠊࣇ ࣇࣛࣥࢫࠊ⥆࠸ ࠸࡚ࢠࣜࢫࡼࡿᨭ㓄ࡢ ࡢୗ࡛ࠊ࣮࢜ࢫ ࢫࢺࣛࣜ ྠᵝ⌮ᑾ ᑾ࡛ᕪ ูⓗ࡞ ࡞ᢅ࠸ࢆཷࡅ ࡅ࡚ࡁࡓṔྐࢆ ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ูⓗ࡞ ࡞ᢅ࠸ࢆཷࡅ ࡅ࡚ࡁࡓṔྐࢆ ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࣂࣥ ࣥࢡ࣮ࣂ࣮࣭࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ ࢡࡢ㛤ᘧࡣ ࡣࠊඛఫẸࡢᩥ ᩥⓗࢩࣥ࣎ࣝ ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿᕧ ࡞㸲ᮏࡢࢺ࣮ ࣮ࢸ࣒ ࣂࣥ ࣥࢡ࣮ࣂ࣮࣭࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ ࢡࡢ㛤ᘧࡣ ࡣࠊඛఫẸࡢᩥ ᩥⓗࢩࣥ࣎ࣝ ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿᕧ ࡞㸲ᮏࡢࢺ࣮ ࣮ࢸ࣒ ࣏࣮ࣝ ࣝࡀ㉳ࡁୖࡀ ࡀࡿࢩ࣮ࣥࡽ ࡽጞࡲࡾࠊ➇ ➇ᢏሙࡢ࿘㎶ ㎶ࢆᒃఫ༊ࡋࠊ࣍ࢫ ࢫࢺࡋ࡚‽ഛ ഛࢆ㐍 ࣏࣮ࣝ ࣝࡀ㉳ࡁୖࡀ ࡀࡿࢩ࣮ࣥࡽ ࡽጞࡲࡾࠊ➇ ➇ᢏሙࡢ࿘㎶ ㎶ࢆᒃఫ༊ࡋࠊ࣍ࢫ ࢫࢺࡋ࡚‽ഛ ഛࢆ㐍 ࡵ࡚ࡁ ࡁࡓඛఫẸࡢ ࡢ㸲ࡘࡢ㒊᪘㸦ࣜࣜ࣡ࢵࢺࠊ࣐ࢫࢡ࢚ ࣒ࠊࢫࢥ࣮࣑ࢵࢩࣗࠊࢶ ࢶ࣭࢛ࣞࣝ࢘ ࢛࢘ࢺ ࡵ࡚ࡁ ࡁࡓඛఫẸࡢ ࡢ㸲ࡘࡢ㒊᪘㸦ࣜࣜ࣡ࢵࢺࠊ࣐ࢫࢡ࢚ ࣒ࠊࢫࢥ࣮࣑ࢵࢩࣗࠊࢶ ࢶ࣭࢛ࣞࣝ࢘ ࢛࢘ࢺ ࢫ㸧ࡀẸ᪘⾰ ࢆࡲࡗ࡚㋀ ㋀ࡾࢆᢨ㟢ࡋ ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽධሙࡋ ࡋࡓࠋ ࢫ㸧ࡀẸ᪘⾰ ࢆࡲࡗ࡚㋀ ㋀ࡾࢆᢨ㟢ࡋ ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽධሙࡋ ࡋࡓࠋ ࣂࣥ ࣥࢡ࣮ࣂ࣮࣭࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ ࢡ࡛≉➹ࡍࡁ ࡁࡣࠊ㛤ᘧ ࡢཧຍࡔࡅ ࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊඛఫ ఫẸࡢேࠎࡀ࢜ ࢜ࣜࣥ ࣂࣥ ࣥࢡ࣮ࣂ࣮࣭࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ ࢡ࡛≉➹ࡍࡁ ࡁࡣࠊ㛤ᘧ ࡢཧຍࡔࡅ ࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊඛఫ ఫẸࡢேࠎࡀ࢜ ࢜ࣜࣥ ࣆࢵࢡ ࢡྐୖึࡵ࡚ࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵ ࢵࢡ⤌⧊ጤဨ ຍࢃࡗࡓࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⮬↛ࡢㄪ ㄪࢆษࡍ ࡍࡿᩥ ࣆࢵࢡ ࢡྐୖึࡵ࡚ࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵ ࢵࢡ⤌⧊ጤဨ ຍࢃࡗࡓࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⮬↛ࡢㄪ ㄪࢆษࡍ ࡍࡿᩥ ࢆ⫱ ⫱ࢇ࡛ࡁࡓࡇࢀࡽඛఫẸࡢ ࡢ▱ᜨࢆ࢜ࣜࣥ ࣥࣆࢵࢡ⏕ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ヨࡳࡢ୍⎔࡛ ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࠋ ࢆ⫱ ⫱ࢇ࡛ࡁࡓࡇࢀࡽඛఫẸࡢ ࡢ▱ᜨࢆ࢜ࣜࣥ ࣥࣆࢵࢡ⏕ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ヨࡳࡢ୍⎔࡛ ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࠋ ࣥࣆࢵࢡ㛤ᘧ ᘧ㸦 ᖺ㸧 ࣟࣥࢻ࣭ࣥ࢜ࣜࣥ ࣥࣆࢵࢡ㛤ᘧ ᘧ㸦 ᖺ㸧 ࣟࣥࢻ࣭ࣥ࢜ࣜࣥ ᩥඹ⏕ࡢほ ほⅬࡽぢࡿ࡞ ࡞ࡽࡤࠊ ᖺࡢࣟࣥࢻࣥ ࣭ࣥ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡣࡸࡸ」 」㞧࡞≧ἣࢆᢪ ᢪ࠼ࡿ ከᩥ ᩥඹ⏕ࡢほ ほⅬࡽぢࡿ࡞ ࡞ࡽࡤࠊ ᖺࡢࣟࣥࢻࣥ ࣭ࣥ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡣࡸࡸ」 」㞧࡞≧ἣࢆᢪ ᢪ࠼ࡿ ከᩥ ࡇ ࡞ࡗࡓࠋᣍ⮴ ⮴άື࠾࠸ ࠸࡚ࣟࣥࢻࣥࡀ ࡀఱࡼࡾࢭ࣮ ࣮ࣝࢫ࣏ࣥࢺ ࢺࡋࡓࡢࡣ ࡣࠊ ୍ࠗࡘࡢ㒔ᕷ ᕷୡ ࡇ ࡞ࡗࡓࠋᣍ⮴ ⮴άື࠾࠸ ࠸࡚ࣟࣥࢻࣥࡀ ࡀఱࡼࡾࢭ࣮ ࣮ࣝࢫ࣏ࣥࢺ ࢺࡋࡓࡢࡣ ࡣࠊ ୍ࠗࡘࡢ㒔ᕷ ᕷୡ ⏺ࡀ࠶ ࠶ࡿ㸦7KH:RUUOGLQ2QH&LW\㸧 ࠘࠸࠺ࢫ࣮ࣟ࢞ࣥࡀ ࡀ♧ࡍࡼ࠺ࠊ ࠊࡑࡢከᵝᛶ ᛶࡢࢲࢼ࣑ࢬ ࢬ࣒ࠊ ⏺ࡀ࠶ ࠶ࡿ㸦7KH:RUUOGLQ2QH&LW\㸧 ࠘࠸࠺ࢫ࣮ࣟ࢞ࣥࡀ ࡀ♧ࡍࡼ࠺ࠊ ࠊࡑࡢከᵝᛶ ᛶࡢࢲࢼ࣑ࢬ ࢬ࣒ࠊ ࡍ࡞ࢃ ࢃࡕ ࡢ࢚ࢫ ࢫࢽࢵࢡ࣭ࢢࣝ ࣮ࣝࣉࡀఫࡳ ࡳࠊ ௨ୖࡢ ࡢゝㄒࡀ᪥ᖖⓗ ⓗヰࡉࢀ࡚ ࡚࠸ࡿࢥࢫ࣏ࣔ ࣏ࣜࢱ ࡍ࡞ࢃ ࢃࡕ ࡢ࢚ࢫ ࢫࢽࢵࢡ࣭ࢢࣝ ࣮ࣝࣉࡀఫࡳ ࡳࠊ ௨ୖࡢ ࡢゝㄒࡀ᪥ᖖⓗ ⓗヰࡉࢀ࡚ ࡚࠸ࡿࢥࢫ࣏ࣔ ࣏ࣜࢱ ࣥ㒔ᕷ ᕷࣟࣥࢻࣥࡢ ࡢከᩥࡢ㛤 㛤ᨺᛶ㸦RSHQQ QQHVV㸧࡛࠶ࡗ ࡗࡓࠋ ࣥ㒔ᕷ ᕷࣟࣥࢻࣥࡢ ࡢከᩥࡢ㛤 㛤ᨺᛶ㸦RSHQQ QQHVV㸧࡛࠶ࡗ ࡗࡓࠋ ࡇ ࡇࢁࡀࠊ ᖺ㸵᭶㸵᪥ࠊ ࠊወࡋࡃࡶ ᖺ࢜ࣜࣥ ࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ ࢡࡢ㛤ദᆅࡢᗙ ᗙࢆ⋓ ࡇ ࡇࢁࡀࠊ ᖺ㸵᭶㸵᪥ࠊ ࠊወࡋࡃࡶ ᖺ࢜ࣜࣥ ࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ ࢡࡢ㛤ദᆅࡢᗙ ᗙࢆ⋓ 6WDWHH8QLYHUVLW\RI1HZ<RUN N3UHVVࢆཧ↷ 6WDWHH8QLYHUVLW\RI1HZ<RUN N3UHVVࢆཧ↷ ᖺ㸯᭶ ᭶ ᪥᭱⤊ࢡࢭࢫ㸧 ᖺ㸯᭶ ᭶ ᪥᭱⤊ࢡࢭࢫ㸧 ࣈࣜ ࣜࢸࢵࢩࣗࢥ ࢥࣟࣥࣅᕞ ᕞほගᒁබᘧࢧ ࢧࢺ KWWS PLFHYDQFRX XYHUMSLGHDDJUHHQSKS㸦 58 ࣈࣜ ࣜࢸࢵࢩࣗࢥ ࢥࣟࣥࣅᕞ ᕞほගᒁබᘧࢧ ࢧࢺ KWWS PLFHYDQFRX XYHUMSLGHDDJUHHQSKS㸦 58 ᚓࡋࡓ⩣ᮅࠊࣟࣥࢻ࡛ࣥྠ⇿◚ࢸࣟ௳ࡀ㉳ࡇࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᐜ⪅ࡣࢠࣜࢫ࡛⏕ࡲࢀ⫱ࡗࡓ ᚓࡋࡓ⩣ᮅࠊࣟࣥࢻ࡛ࣥྠ⇿◚ࢸࣟ௳ࡀ㉳ࡇࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᐜ⪅ࡣࢠࣜࢫ࡛⏕ࡲࢀ⫱ࡗࡓ ࣒ࢫ࣒ࣜ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࠊࢸࣟ௳ࡢᜍᛧឤࡣࠊ▷⤡ⓗࢠࣜࢫࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࢝ࣝࢳࣗࣛࣜࢬ࣒ࡢኻ ࣒ࢫ࣒ࣜ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࠊࢸࣟ௳ࡢᜍᛧឤࡣࠊ▷⤡ⓗࢠࣜࢫࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࢝ࣝࢳࣗࣛࣜࢬ࣒ࡢኻ ᩋ࠸࠺ㄽㄪ⤖ࡧࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࡗࡓࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓㄽㄪࡢ㧗ࡲࡾࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ⚾⮬㌟ࡣࠊࡢࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ ᩋ࠸࠺ㄽㄪ⤖ࡧࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࡗࡓࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓㄽㄪࡢ㧗ࡲࡾࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ⚾⮬㌟ࡣࠊࡢࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ ᨻ⟇ࡢኻᩋࢆ࣐ࣝࢳ࢝ࣝࢳࣗࣛࣜࢬ࣒ࡢࡏ࠸ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࠊ࠸ࢃࡤ࣐ࣝࢳ࢝ࣝࢳࣗࣛࣜࢬ࣒ࡢࢫࢣ ᨻ⟇ࡢኻᩋࢆ࣐ࣝࢳ࢝ࣝࢳࣗࣛࣜࢬ࣒ࡢࡏ࠸ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࠊ࠸ࢃࡤ࣐ࣝࢳ࢝ࣝࢳࣗࣛࣜࢬ࣒ࡢࢫࢣ ࣮ࣉࢦ࣮ࢺ࠸࠺ഃ㠃ࢆ↓どࡍࡿࡇࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡣ࠸࠼ࠊ⌧ᐇࡣࠊከᵝᛶࢆ ࣮ࣉࢦ࣮ࢺ࠸࠺ഃ㠃ࢆ↓どࡍࡿࡇࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡣ࠸࠼ࠊ⌧ᐇࡣࠊከᵝᛶࢆ ᡭᨺࡋ࡛♩㈶ࡍࡿࡇࡢⰍࡣࡲࡍࡲࡍᝏࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡗࡓ ࠋ ᡭᨺࡋ࡛♩㈶ࡍࡿࡇࡢⰍࡣࡲࡍࡲࡍᝏࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࠋ ேබࡣປാ⪅࣭ᗢẸ ேබࡣປാ⪅࣭ᗢẸ ࡛ࡣࠊࣟࣥࢻ࣭ࣥ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ㛤ᘧࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࡔࡗࡓࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ࡛ࡣࠊࣟࣥࢻ࣭ࣥ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ㛤ᘧࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࡔࡗࡓࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ࡑࢀࡣࠊᫎ⏬┘╩ࡢࢲࢽ࣮࣭࣎ࣝࡀ₇ฟࢆᢸᙜࡋࠊࢠࣜࢫࡀ⏕ࢇࡔᩥࢩ࢙࣮ࢡࢫࣆࡢࠗࢸ ࡑࢀࡣࠊᫎ⏬┘╩ࡢࢲࢽ࣮࣭࣎ࣝࡀ₇ฟࢆᢸᙜࡋࠊࢠࣜࢫࡀ⏕ࢇࡔᩥࢩ࢙࣮ࢡࢫࣆࡢࠗࢸ ࣥ࣌ࢫࢺ࠘ࡸඣ❺ᩥᏛࡢࠗࣆ࣮ࢱ࣮ࣃࣥ࠘࡞ࡢࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࢆ⏝࠸࡞ࡀࡽࠊࢠࣜࢫࡢṔྐࢆኊ࡞ ࣥ࣌ࢫࢺ࠘ࡸඣ❺ᩥᏛࡢࠗࣆ࣮ࢱ࣮ࣃࣥ࠘࡞ࡢࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࢆ⏝࠸࡞ࡀࡽࠊࢠࣜࢫࡢṔྐࢆኊ࡞ ࢫ࣌ࢡࢱࣝࡋ࡚ᢨ㟢ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࢠࣜࢫࡢཎⅬࡋ࡚ࡢ㎰ᮧࡽㄝࡁ㉳ࡇࡋࠊ⏘ ࢫ࣌ࢡࢱࣝࡋ࡚ᢨ㟢ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࢠࣜࢫࡢཎⅬࡋ࡚ࡢ㎰ᮧࡽㄝࡁ㉳ࡇࡋࠊ⏘ ᴗ㠉ࠊୡ⏺ᡓࢆ⤒࡚ࠊ⌧ᅾࡢࡿࡁ⚟♴ᅜᐙ⮳ࡾࠊⱝ⪅ࡓࡕࡀ㹇㹒♫ࢆㅻḷࡍࡿ᪥ࡲ ᴗ㠉ࠊୡ⏺ᡓࢆ⤒࡚ࠊ⌧ᅾࡢࡿࡁ⚟♴ᅜᐙ⮳ࡾࠊⱝ⪅ࡓࡕࡀ㹇㹒♫ࢆㅻḷࡍࡿ᪥ࡲ ࡛ࡢṔྐࡀࢲࢼ࣑ࢵࢡࠊ࣮ࣘࣔࢆ࠼࡚ᥥࢀࡓࠋ≉➹ࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࡢࡣࠊࡑࡇ࡛ࡢேබ ࡛ࡢṔྐࡀࢲࢼ࣑ࢵࢡࠊ࣮ࣘࣔࢆ࠼࡚ᥥࢀࡓࠋ≉➹ࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࡢࡣࠊࡑࡇ࡛ࡢேබ ࡀ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛㢠ờࡋ࡚ാࡃປാ⪅ࡸᗢẸ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋዪᛶཧᨻᶒ㐠ືࡢࢹࣔ㝲ࡀࢫࢱࢪ ࡀ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛㢠ờࡋ࡚ാࡃປാ⪅ࡸᗢẸ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋዪᛶཧᨻᶒ㐠ືࡢࢹࣔ㝲ࡀࢫࢱࢪ ࣒ࢆ㜏Ṍࡍࡿගᬒࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࣒ࢆ㜏Ṍࡍࡿගᬒࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ከᵝᛶࡢໟᦤ ከᵝᛶࡢໟᦤ ᣍ⮴άື࠾࠸࡚ࠕከᩥࡢ㛤ᨺᛶࠖࢆᥖࡆ࡚࠸ࡓࡶࢃࡽࡎࠊ࠾ࡑࡽࡃඛ㏙ࡢࡼ࠺࣐ ᣍ⮴άື࠾࠸࡚ࠕከᩥࡢ㛤ᨺᛶࠖࢆᥖࡆ࡚࠸ࡓࡶࢃࡽࡎࠊ࠾ࡑࡽࡃඛ㏙ࡢࡼ࠺࣐ ࣝࢳ࢝ࣝࢳࣗࣛࣜࢬ࣒ᑐࡍࡿឤࡢ㧗ࡲࡾࢆ⫼ᬒࠊࢩࢻࢽ࣮ẚࡿࡑࢀࢆࢫࢺ࣮ࣞࢺ ࣝࢳ࢝ࣝࢳࣗࣛࣜࢬ࣒ᑐࡍࡿឤࡢ㧗ࡲࡾࢆ⫼ᬒࠊࢩࢻࢽ࣮ẚࡿࡑࢀࢆࢫࢺ࣮ࣞࢺ ࣆ࣮ࣝࡍࡿ₇ฟࡣᾘᴟⓗ࡛࠶ࡗࡓほࡀྰࡵ࡞࠸ࠋࣟࣥࢻࣥࡢ㛤ᘧࡣࠊ୍ぢࡍࡿࠕከᩥࡢ≀ ࣆ࣮ࣝࡍࡿ₇ฟࡣᾘᴟⓗ࡛࠶ࡗࡓほࡀྰࡵ࡞࠸ࠋࣟࣥࢻࣥࡢ㛤ᘧࡣࠊ୍ぢࡍࡿࠕከᩥࡢ≀ ㄒ㸦PXOWLFXOWXUDOVWRU\㸧 ࠖ࠸࠺ࡼࡾࠊ ࠕປാ⪅ࡢ≀ㄒࠖࡋ࡚ᡴࡕฟࡉࢀࡓࠊᤊ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ ㄒ㸦PXOWLFXOWXUDOVWRU\㸧 ࠖ࠸࠺ࡼࡾࠊ ࠕປാ⪅ࡢ≀ㄒࠖࡋ࡚ᡴࡕฟࡉࢀࡓࠊᤊ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ ࡁࡼ࠺ࠋ ࡁࡼ࠺ࠋ ࡓࡔࡋࠊฟ₇⪅ࡸࢫࢱࢵࣇࡢከᵝᛶࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ༑ศ࡞㓄៖ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࢆᙉㄪࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ ࡓࡔࡋࠊฟ₇⪅ࡸࢫࢱࢵࣇࡢከᵝᛶࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ༑ศ࡞㓄៖ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࢆᙉㄪࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ ࡇࡢⅬ㛵ࡍࡿ⯆῝࠸ㄽ⪃ࡋ࡚ࠊ&KULV$OOHQ͆$&ULWLFDO$QDO\VLVRI%ULWDLQ̓V/LYLQJ 'HDGDQG=RPELH0XOWLFXOWXUDOLVP)URPWRWKH/RQGRQ2O\PSLF*DPHV͇6RFLDO6FLHQFHV SS̽ࢆཧ↷ ࡇࡢⅬ㛵ࡍࡿ⯆῝࠸ㄽ⪃ࡋ࡚ࠊ&KULV$OOHQ͆$&ULWLFDO$QDO\VLVRI%ULWDLQ̓V/LYLQJ 'HDGDQG=RPELH0XOWLFXOWXUDOLVP)URPWRWKH/RQGRQ2O\PSLF*DPHV͇6RFLDO6FLHQFHV SS̽ࢆཧ↷ 59 59 ࠸ࠋ࠼ࡤࠊࢠࣜࢫᅜᥖᥭࡢ㝿ᅜḷࠕ*RGVDYHWKH4XHHQࠖࢆ࡛࢝࣌ࣛḷࡗࡓࡢࡣࠊ⪥ࡢ ࠸ࠋ࠼ࡤࠊࢠࣜࢫᅜᥖᥭࡢ㝿ᅜḷࠕ*RGVDYHWKH4XHHQࠖࢆ࡛࢝࣌ࣛḷࡗࡓࡢࡣࠊ⪥ࡢ ⮬⏤࡞Ꮚ౪ࡓࡕࡼࡿྜၐᅋ㸦7KH.DRV6LQJLQJ&KRLUIRU'HDIDQG+HDULQJ&KLOGUHQ㸧࡛࠶ ⮬⏤࡞Ꮚ౪ࡓࡕࡼࡿྜၐᅋ㸦7KH.DRV6LQJLQJ&KRLUIRU'HDIDQG+HDULQJ&KLOGUHQ㸧࡛࠶ ࡗࡓࠋ㌴᳔Ꮚࡢฟ₇⪅ࡶⓏሙࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊⓏሙே≀ࡢ࡞Ṕྐⓗࡣ࠶ࡾᚓ࡞࠸㯮ேࢆ࠶࠼ ࡗࡓࠋ㌴᳔Ꮚࡢฟ₇⪅ࡶⓏሙࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊⓏሙே≀ࡢ࡞Ṕྐⓗࡣ࠶ࡾᚓ࡞࠸㯮ேࢆ࠶࠼ ࡚㉳⏝ࡋࡓࡾࠊ⌧௦ࡢᆺⓗ࡞ࢠࣜࢫࡢᐙ᪘ࡀࠊ㯮ேࡢ∗ⓑேࡢẕ࠸࠺タᐃ࡛ᥥࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ ࡚㉳⏝ࡋࡓࡾࠊ⌧௦ࡢᆺⓗ࡞ࢠࣜࢫࡢᐙ᪘ࡀࠊ㯮ேࡢ∗ⓑேࡢẕ࠸࠺タᐃ࡛ᥥࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ ࡾࡍࡿࠋࡉࡽࠊ㛤ᘧࡢ࣎ࣛࣥࢸ࣭ࢫࢱࢵࣇࡋ࡚ࠊ㛤ദᆅ㏆㞄ࡢᏛᰯࡽ ௨ୖࡢゝㄒࢆ ࡾࡍࡿࠋࡉࡽࠊ㛤ᘧࡢ࣎ࣛࣥࢸ࣭ࢫࢱࢵࣇࡋ࡚ࠊ㛤ദᆅ㏆㞄ࡢᏛᰯࡽ ௨ୖࡢゝㄒࢆ ヰࡍᏊ౪ࡓࡕࡀཧຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ࠋࡓ࠼ᨻⓗ࡞⌮⏤࡛࣐ࣝࢳ࢝ࣝࢳࣗࣛࣜࢬ࣒ࢆ๓㠃⾲㇟࡛ࡁ࡞ ヰࡍᏊ౪ࡓࡕࡀཧຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡓ࠼ᨻⓗ࡞⌮⏤࡛࣐ࣝࢳ࢝ࣝࢳࣗࣛࣜࢬ࣒ࢆ๓㠃⾲㇟࡛ࡁ࡞ ࡗࡓࡋ࡚ࡶࠊࣟࣥࢻࣥࡢከᵝᛶࡣ㛤ᘧࡢ㝶ᡤᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡗࡓࡋ࡚ࡶࠊࣟࣥࢻࣥࡢከᵝᛶࡣ㛤ᘧࡢ㝶ᡤᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ከᩥ࠸࠺⌧ᐇࢆࠊࡶࡣࡸྰᐃࡍࡿࡇࡶࠊᚋᡠࡾࡉࡏࡿࡇࡶྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࣉࣟࢹ࣮ࣗࢧ ከᩥ࠸࠺⌧ᐇࢆࠊࡶࡣࡸྰᐃࡍࡿࡇࡶࠊᚋᡠࡾࡉࡏࡿࡇࡶྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࣉࣟࢹ࣮ࣗࢧ ࣮ࡢ࣎ࣝࡀᥥࡁࡓࡗࡓࠕປാ⪅ࡢ≀ㄒࠖࡣࠊ࠶ࡽࡺࡿከᵝᛶࢆ๓ᥦࡋࠊࡑࢀࡽࡍ࡚ࢆໟᦤ ࣮ࡢ࣎ࣝࡀᥥࡁࡓࡗࡓࠕປാ⪅ࡢ≀ㄒࠖࡣࠊ࠶ࡽࡺࡿከᵝᛶࢆ๓ᥦࡋࠊࡑࢀࡽࡍ࡚ࢆໟᦤ ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡋ࡚ᵓࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓゝ࠼ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡋ࡚ᵓࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓゝ࠼ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡇࡢ㛤ᘧࡢホ౯ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㈶ྰ୧ㄽ࠶ࡾࠊࡓ࠼ࡤಖᏲὴࡢ࠶ࡿㄽᐈࡣࠊ ࠕ࣐ࣝࢡࢫ⩏ⓗ࡞ከ ࡇࡢ㛤ᘧࡢホ౯ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㈶ྰ୧ㄽ࠶ࡾࠊࡓ࠼ࡤಖᏲὴࡢ࠶ࡿㄽᐈࡣࠊ ࠕ࣐ࣝࢡࢫ⩏ⓗ࡞ከ ᩥࡢࢭࣞࣔࢽ࣮ࠖࡋ࡚㓞ホࡋࠊᆺⓗ࡞ࢠࣜࢫேࡢᐙ᪘ࡋ࡚㯮ேࡢ∗ࡀタᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ ᩥࡢࢭࣞࣔࢽ࣮ࠖࡋ࡚㓞ホࡋࠊᆺⓗ࡞ࢠࣜࢫேࡢᐙ᪘ࡋ࡚㯮ேࡢ∗ࡀタᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ ࡶᛌឤࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡶᛌឤࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡞࠾ࠊ᐀ᩍࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮࠸࠺ほⅬࡽࣟࣥࢻ࣭ࣥ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ≉➹ࡍࡁⅬࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡲ ࡞࠾ࠊ᐀ᩍࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮࠸࠺ほⅬࡽࣟࣥࢻ࣭ࣥ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ≉➹ࡍࡁⅬࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡲ ࡛᐀ᩍⓗ࡞⌮⏤ࡼࡾ⏨ᛶࡋฟሙࡉࡏ࡚࠸࡞ࡗࡓࢧ࢘ࢪࣛࣅࠊ࢝ࢱ࣮ࣝࠊࣈࣝࢿࡀዪᛶ ࡛᐀ᩍⓗ࡞⌮⏤ࡼࡾ⏨ᛶࡋฟሙࡉࡏ࡚࠸࡞ࡗࡓࢧ࢘ࢪࣛࣅࠊ࢝ࢱ࣮ࣝࠊࣈࣝࢿࡀዪᛶ 㑅ᡭࢆὴ㐵ࡋࡓࡇ࡛ࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡྐୖึࡵ࡚ࡍ࡚ࡢᅜ࣭ᆅᇦࡽዪᛶ㑅ᡭࡀཧຍ࡛ࡁࡓ 㑅ᡭࢆὴ㐵ࡋࡓࡇ࡛ࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡྐୖึࡵ࡚ࡍ࡚ࡢᅜ࣭ᆅᇦࡽዪᛶ㑅ᡭࡀཧຍ࡛ࡁࡓ ࡞ࡗࡓࡇࢆᣲࡆ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ ࡞ࡗࡓࡇࢆᣲࡆ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ㛤ᘧ ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ㛤ᘧ ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ㛤ᘧࡘ࠸࡚ࡶⱝᖸ࡞ࡀࡽゝཬࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋࢩࢻࢽ࣮ࠊࣟࣥࢻࣥࠊ㛗㔝ࠊ ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ㛤ᘧࡘ࠸࡚ࡶⱝᖸ࡞ࡀࡽゝཬࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋࢩࢻࢽ࣮ࠊࣟࣥࢻࣥࠊ㛗㔝ࠊ ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢆẚ࡚ࡳࡓࡁࠊ᭱ࡶឤ㖭ࢆཷࡅࡓࡢࡣࣟࣥࢻࣥࡢ㛤ᘧ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢆẚ࡚ࡳࡓࡁࠊ᭱ࡶឤ㖭ࢆཷࡅࡓࡢࡣࣟࣥࢻࣥࡢ㛤ᘧ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽࠊ࣮࣍࢟ࣥࢢ༤ኈࡽ࣮ࢸࢫࢺࠊࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࢆ₇ࡌࡿேࡓࡕࡲ࡛ࠊⓏሙ⪅ࡢ୰࡛ ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽࠊ࣮࣍࢟ࣥࢢ༤ኈࡽ࣮ࢸࢫࢺࠊࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࢆ₇ࡌࡿேࡓࡕࡲ࡛ࠊⓏሙ⪅ࡢ୰࡛ 㞀ࡀ࠸ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿேࡓࡕࡢᅽಽⓗ࡞Ꮡᅾឤࣃ࣮࣡ࡀ㩭᫂ఏࢃࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࣟࣥࢻࣥ 㞀ࡀ࠸ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿேࡓࡕࡢᅽಽⓗ࡞Ꮡᅾឤࣃ࣮࣡ࡀ㩭᫂ఏࢃࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࣟࣥࢻࣥ ࡶࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࢩࢻࢽ࣮ࡢ㛤ᘧ࡛ࡶࠊ㞀ࡀ࠸ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿேࡓࡕࡀᑟᶒࢆᣢࡕ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡑ࠺࡛࡞࠸ ࡶࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࢩࢻࢽ࣮ࡢ㛤ᘧ࡛ࡶࠊ㞀ࡀ࠸ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿேࡓࡕࡀᑟᶒࢆᣢࡕ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡑ࠺࡛࡞࠸ ேࡓࡕ༠ാࡋ࡚ࢭࣞࣔࢽ࣮ࢆࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺༳㇟ࢆཷࡅࡓࠋ᪉࡛ࠊ㛗㔝ࡢሙྜࡣࠊᆅඖࡢ㔝 ேࡓࡕ༠ാࡋ࡚ࢭࣞࣔࢽ࣮ࢆࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺༳㇟ࢆཷࡅࡓࠋ᪉࡛ࠊ㛗㔝ࡢሙྜࡣࠊᆅඖࡢ㔝 ἑ Ἠࡢ㐨♽⚄⚍ࡾࢆࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࡋࡓᗁ㡢ᴦ࡞ࠊⱁ⾡ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡋ࡚ࡢࢡ࢜ࣜࢸࡣ㧗 ἑ Ἠࡢ㐨♽⚄⚍ࡾࢆࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࡋࡓᗁ㡢ᴦ࡞ࠊⱁ⾡ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡋ࡚ࡢࢡ࢜ࣜࢸࡣ㧗 ࡗࡓゝ࠼ࡿࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ᖖ⪅ࡀయ࡞ࡾࠊࡑࡇ㞀ࡀ࠸⪅ࡶຍࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ ࡗࡓゝ࠼ࡿࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ᖖ⪅ࡀయ࡞ࡾࠊࡑࡇ㞀ࡀ࠸⪅ࡶຍࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ ぢཷࡅࡽࢀࠊ୧⪅ࡢᑐ➼࡞ඹ⏕࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ࡣࠊ⋡┤࡞ࡇࢁ≀㊊ࡾ࡞࠸༳㇟࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ぢཷࡅࡽࢀࠊ୧⪅ࡢᑐ➼࡞ඹ⏕࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ࡣࠊ⋡┤࡞ࡇࢁ≀㊊ࡾ࡞࠸༳㇟࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ KWWSRO\PSLFRSHQLQJFHUHPRQ\WXPEOUFRPWDJJHGVWDJH㸦 ᖺ ᭶ ᪥᭱⤊ࢡࢭࢫ㸧 3DXO:HVWRQ͂/RQGRQ̓V0DU[LVW0XOWLFXOWXUDO2O\PSLFV̓*DWHVRI9LHQQD KWWSJDWHVRIYLHQQDEORJVSRWSWORQGRQVPDU[LVWPXOWLFXOWXUDORO\PSLFVKWPO 㸦 ᖺ ᭶ ᪥᭱⤊ࢡࢭࢫ㸧 60 KWWSRO\PSLFRSHQLQJFHUHPRQ\WXPEOUFRPWDJJHGVWDJH㸦 ᖺ ᭶ ᪥᭱⤊ࢡࢭࢫ㸧 3DXO:HVWRQ͂/RQGRQ̓V0DU[LVW0XOWLFXOWXUDO2O\PSLFV̓*DWHVRI9LHQQD KWWSJDWHVRIYLHQQDEORJVSRWSWORQGRQVPDU[LVWPXOWLFXOWXUDORO\PSLFVKWPO 㸦 ᖺ ᭶ ᪥᭱⤊ࢡࢭࢫ㸧 60 ᮾிྥࡅ࡚ ᮾிྥࡅ࡚ ࡉ࡚ࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡣࠊ ᖺࡢᮾி࡛ࡢࡼ࠺࡞㛤ᘧࢆぢࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ࡉ࡚ࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡣࠊ ᖺࡢᮾி࡛ࡢࡼ࠺࡞㛤ᘧࢆぢࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ㏆௦࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢᥦၐ⪅ࢡ࣮࣋ࣝࢱࣥࡣࠊ┦㐪ࢆᾘࡋཤࡗࡓࠕࢥࢫ࣏ࣔࣜࢱࢽࢬ࣒࡛ࠖࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ ㏆௦࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢᥦၐ⪅ࢡ࣮࣋ࣝࢱࣥࡣࠊ┦㐪ࢆᾘࡋཤࡗࡓࠕࢥࢫ࣏ࣔࣜࢱࢽࢬ࣒࡛ࠖࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ ேࠎࡢከᵝᛶࢆㅻḷࡍࡿࠕ┿ࡢᅜ㝿⩏㸦LQWHUQDWLRQDOLVP㸧 ࠖࡇࡑࡀୡ⏺ᖹ㏻ࡎࡿࡢ❧ሙࢆ ேࠎࡢከᵝᛶࢆㅻḷࡍࡿࠕ┿ࡢᅜ㝿⩏㸦LQWHUQDWLRQDOLVP㸧 ࠖࡇࡑࡀୡ⏺ᖹ㏻ࡎࡿࡢ❧ሙࢆ ྲྀࡗ࡚࠸ࡓゝࢃࢀࡿ ࠋ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ㛤ദࡢព⩏ࡢ୍ࡘࡀࠊࡇࡢࠕ┿ࡢᅜ㝿⩏ࠖࡢ᥎㐍࠶ࡿ ྲྀࡗ࡚࠸ࡓゝࢃࢀࡿࠋ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ㛤ദࡢព⩏ࡢ୍ࡘࡀࠊࡇࡢࠕ┿ࡢᅜ㝿⩏ࠖࡢ᥎㐍࠶ࡿ ࡢ࡞ࡽࡤࠊඛࡎࡣࠊᮾிࡢࠊࡑࡋ࡚᪥ᮏࡢ♫ఫࡴேࠎࡢከᵝᛶࢆᢎㄆࡋࠊከᩥඹ⏕ࡢຊᙉ ࡢ࡞ࡽࡤࠊඛࡎࡣࠊᮾிࡢࠊࡑࡋ࡚᪥ᮏࡢ♫ఫࡴேࠎࡢከᵝᛶࢆᢎㄆࡋࠊከᩥඹ⏕ࡢຊᙉ ࠸࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࢆᥦ♧ࡍࡿࡇࡀᮃࡲࢀࡿࠋ ࠸࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࢆᥦ♧ࡍࡿࡇࡀᮃࡲࢀࡿࠋ ᪥ᮏࡀࠕ༢୍Ẹ᪘ᅜᐙ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࡢᗁࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿேࡣࠊࡶࡣࡸᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ᪥ᮏࡀࠕ༢୍Ẹ᪘ᅜᐙ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࡢᗁࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿேࡣࠊࡶࡣࡸᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ᖺᅜ❧Ẹ᪘Ꮫ༤≀㤋࡛ࠕࡓࡳࢇࡒࡃࢽ࣍ࣥࠖ㢟ࡋࡓ≉ูᒎ♧ࡀ㛤ࢀࡓࡢࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡢከᩥⓗ ᖺᅜ❧Ẹ᪘Ꮫ༤≀㤋࡛ࠕࡓࡳࢇࡒࡃࢽ࣍ࣥࠖ㢟ࡋࡓ≉ูᒎ♧ࡀ㛤ࢀࡓࡢࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡢከᩥⓗ ⌧ᐇࢆㄆ㆑ࡍࡿୖ࡛ᴟࡵ࡚㇟ᚩⓗ࡛࠶ࡗࡓゝ࠼ࡿࠋ ࡑࡢ ᖺᚋࡢ ᖺࡣࠊ ⥲ົ┬ࡼࡗ࡚ ࠗከ ⌧ᐇࢆㄆ㆑ࡍࡿୖ࡛ᴟࡵ࡚㇟ᚩⓗ࡛࠶ࡗࡓゝ࠼ࡿࠋ ࡑࡢ ᖺᚋࡢ ᖺࡣࠊ ⥲ົ┬ࡼࡗ࡚ ࠗከ ᩥඹ⏕ࡢ᥎㐍㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ሗ࿌᭩࠘ࡀබ⾲ࡉࢀࠊ᪥ᮏᨻᗓࡋ࡚ึࡵ࡚බᘧࠊ᪥ᮏᒃఫࡍ ᩥඹ⏕ࡢ᥎㐍㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ሗ࿌᭩࠘ࡀබ⾲ࡉࢀࠊ᪥ᮏᨻᗓࡋ࡚ึࡵ࡚බᘧࠊ᪥ᮏᒃఫࡍ ࡿࠕᅜ⡠ࡸẸ᪘࡞ࡢ␗࡞ࡿேࠎࠖࢆࠕᆅᇦ♫ࡢᵓᡂဨࠖࡋ࡚᫂♧ⓗ⨨࡙ࡅࡓࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ ࡿࠕᅜ⡠ࡸẸ᪘࡞ࡢ␗࡞ࡿேࠎࠖࢆࠕᆅᇦ♫ࡢᵓᡂဨࠖࡋ࡚᫂♧ⓗ⨨࡙ࡅࡓࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ ࠊᑡࡋࡎࡘ᪥ᮏࡶኚࢃࡾࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࠋ ࠊᑡࡋࡎࡘ᪥ᮏࡶኚࢃࡾࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡉࡽࡑࡢ㸰ᖺᚋࡢ ᖺ㸴᭶ࠊ᪥ᮏᨻᗓࡣࡼ࠺ࡸࡃ⾗ཧ୧㝔࠾࠸࡚ࠊࢾẸ᪘ࢆṇᘧඛ ࡉࡽࡑࡢ㸰ᖺᚋࡢ ᖺ㸴᭶ࠊ᪥ᮏᨻᗓࡣࡼ࠺ࡸࡃ⾗ཧ୧㝔࠾࠸࡚ࠊࢾẸ᪘ࢆṇᘧඛ ఫẸ᪘ࡋ࡚ㄆࡵࡿỴ㆟ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋᾏ㐨Ὕ√†ࢧ࣑ࢵࢺ㛤ദࢆ⩣㸵᭶᥍࠼ࡓ┤๓࠸࠺ࢱ࣑ ఫẸ᪘ࡋ࡚ㄆࡵࡿỴ㆟ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋᾏ㐨Ὕ√†ࢧ࣑ࢵࢺ㛤ദࢆ⩣㸵᭶᥍࠼ࡓ┤๓࠸࠺ࢱ࣑ ࣥࢢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊከศᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ᑐ㠃ࢆ⧋ࡗࡓほࡀྰࡵ࡞࠸ࠋࡣ࠸࠼ࠊᅜ㝿ⓗᑐ㠃ࡸእᅽࡣࠊ ࣥࢢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊከศᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ᑐ㠃ࢆ⧋ࡗࡓほࡀྰࡵ࡞࠸ࠋࡣ࠸࠼ࠊᅜ㝿ⓗᑐ㠃ࡸእᅽࡣࠊ ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡶࡋࡤࡋࡤ᪥ᮏ๓㐍ࡢࢳࣕࣥࢫࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋ࡚ࡁࡓゝ࠼ࡿࠋࡑ࠺࡛࠶ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊ᮶ࡿ࢜ ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡶࡋࡤࡋࡤ᪥ᮏ๓㐍ࡢࢳࣕࣥࢫࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋ࡚ࡁࡓゝ࠼ࡿࠋࡑ࠺࡛࠶ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊ᮶ࡿ࢜ ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ㛤ദࡇࡑࠊ᪥ᮏࡀከᩥඹ⏕ࢆ㐍ࡵࡿ࠺࠼࡛༓㍕୍㐝ࡢᶵ࡞ࡾ ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ㛤ദࡇࡑࠊ᪥ᮏࡀከᩥඹ⏕ࢆ㐍ࡵࡿ࠺࠼࡛༓㍕୍㐝ࡢᶵ࡞ࡾ ᚓࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ࿘▱ࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ࣊ࢺࢫࣆ࣮ࢳࡢၥ㢟ࢆࡣࡌࡵࠊ᪥ᮏࡢከᩥඹ⏕ࡣㄢ㢟ࡀᒣ✚ࡋ ᚓࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ࿘▱ࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ࣊ࢺࢫࣆ࣮ࢳࡢၥ㢟ࢆࡣࡌࡵࠊ᪥ᮏࡢከᩥඹ⏕ࡣㄢ㢟ࡀᒣ✚ࡋ ࡚࠸ࡿࠋඛఫẸࢆࡵࡄࡿㄢ㢟ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊỴࡋ࡚࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜࡸ࢝ࢼࢲ㝈ࡗࡓࡇ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡚࠸ࡿࠋඛఫẸࢆࡵࡄࡿㄢ㢟ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊỴࡋ࡚࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜࡸ࢝ࢼࢲ㝈ࡗࡓࡇ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ ᪥ᮏྂ᮶ࡢࠕఏ⤫ࠖࡳ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿⱁ⬟ࡸᩥࢆᾏእࣆ࣮ࣝࡍࡿࡇࡶ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊᩥ ᪥ᮏྂ᮶ࡢࠕఏ⤫ࠖࡳ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿⱁ⬟ࡸᩥࢆᾏእࣆ࣮ࣝࡍࡿࡇࡶ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊᩥ ࡸẸ᪘ࠊࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ࠊ㞀ࡀ࠸➼ࢆࡵࡄࡿࠕࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ከᵝᛶࠖ࠺ྥࡁྜࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡢࠊࡑࡢ ࡸẸ᪘ࠊࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ࠊ㞀ࡀ࠸➼ࢆࡵࡄࡿࠕࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ከᵝᛶࠖ࠺ྥࡁྜࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡢࠊࡑࡢ ࡇࡘ࠸࡚ࡶୡ⏺ࠊఱࡼࡾᅜෆࡢேࠎྥࡅ࡚ࠊᣮᡓⓗ࡛ㄝᚓⓗ࡞࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࡀᮾிࡢሙ ࡇࡘ࠸࡚ࡶୡ⏺ࠊఱࡼࡾᅜෆࡢேࠎྥࡅ࡚ࠊᣮᡓⓗ࡛ㄝᚓⓗ࡞࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࡀᮾிࡢሙ ࡛Ⓨࡏࡽࢀࡿࡇࢆᮇᚅࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ ࡛Ⓨࡏࡽࢀࡿࡇࢆᮇᚅࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ ௨ୖࠊ㛫ⓗไ⣙ࡼࡾࠊ㝈ࡽࢀࡓ㛤ᘧࡋྲྀࡾୖࡆࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡗࡓࡀࠊᅇࠊ࠶ࡽࡓ ௨ୖࠊ㛫ⓗไ⣙ࡼࡾࠊ㝈ࡽࢀࡓ㛤ᘧࡋྲྀࡾୖࡆࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡗࡓࡀࠊᅇࠊ࠶ࡽࡓ ࡵ࡚ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ㛤ᘧ㛢ᘧࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿᶵࢆᚓࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢⱁ ࡵ࡚ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ㛤ᘧ㛢ᘧࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿᶵࢆᚓࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢⱁ ⾡ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ㨩ຊࢆⓎぢࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋከᩥඹ⏕ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊከᵝ࡞ほⅬࡽࡢㄞࡳゎࡁ ⾡ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ㨩ຊࢆⓎぢࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋከᩥඹ⏕ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊከᵝ࡞ほⅬࡽࡢㄞࡳゎࡁ ᪉ࡶྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡲࡓࠊ㡢ᴦࠊࢲࣥࢫࠊࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫ࡞ࡶ⯆῝࠸◊✲ᑐ㇟࡞ࡾᚓࡿࠋࡇ࠺ ᪉ࡶྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡲࡓࠊ㡢ᴦࠊࢲࣥࢫࠊࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫ࡞ࡶ⯆῝࠸◊✲ᑐ㇟࡞ࡾᚓࡿࠋࡇ࠺ ࡋࡓ◊✲㛵ᚰࡶྵࡵ࡚ࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ◊✲ࡋ࡚ࡢᚋࡢᒎ㛤ࡶᮇࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ ࡋࡓ◊✲㛵ᚰࡶྵࡵ࡚ࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ◊✲ࡋ࡚ࡢᚋࡢᒎ㛤ࡶᮇࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ 㸨⏬ീࡣࡍ࡚㹌㹆㹉ࡢᨺ㏦ᫎീࡽࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㸨⏬ീࡣࡍ࡚㹌㹆㹉ࡢᨺ㏦ᫎീࡽࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࣐࣮࢝ࣝࣥࠊ๓ᥖ᭩ࠊS ࣐࣮࢝ࣝࣥࠊ๓ᥖ᭩ࠊS 61 61 第 2 セッション討論 第 2 セッション討論 㸦ᅵᒣᐿ⏨㸧 㛫ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊ࠸ࡃࡘ㉁ၥࢆࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࠋ㣤➲ඛ⏕ࡀ᭱ᚋゐࢀ 㸦ᅵᒣᐿ⏨㸧 㛫ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊ࠸ࡃࡘ㉁ၥࢆࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࠋ㣤➲ඛ⏕ࡀ᭱ᚋゐࢀ ࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓࡅࢀࡶࠊ ᖺࡢᮾி࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡀ࠺࠸࠺ᙧ࡛ࡇ࠺࠸࠺ඹ⏕ࡢ ࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓࡅࢀࡶࠊ ᖺࡢᮾி࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡀ࠺࠸࠺ᙧ࡛ࡇ࠺࠸࠺ඹ⏕ࡢ ၥ㢟ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࡁࡘ࠸࡚࠾ఛ࠸ࡋࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀࡒࢀሗ࿌࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓࢸ࣮࣐ἢࡗ࡚ࠊࢪ࢙ࣥ ၥ㢟ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࡁࡘ࠸࡚࠾ఛ࠸ࡋࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀࡒࢀሗ࿌࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓࢸ࣮࣐ἢࡗ࡚ࠊࢪ࢙ࣥ ࢲ࣮ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣዪᛶࢆࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙧ࡛ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶྵࡴ࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ၥ㢟ࠊࡑࢀࡽࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵ ࢲ࣮ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣዪᛶࢆࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙧ࡛ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶྵࡴ࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ၥ㢟ࠊࡑࢀࡽࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵ ࢡࡢ᪥ᮏࡢᑐᛂࡢၥ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ఛ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ᭱ึࡢ࠾᪉ࡣࠊࡶṔྐᐙ࡛ࡍࡢ࡛ࠊᑗ᮶ࡘ࠸ ࢡࡢ᪥ᮏࡢᑐᛂࡢၥ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ఛ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ᭱ึࡢ࠾᪉ࡣࠊࡶṔྐᐙ࡛ࡍࡢ࡛ࠊᑗ᮶ࡘ࠸ ࡚ࡢࡇࡘ࠸࡚࠺⪃࠼ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࢆᬑẁࡣࡸࡗ࡚࠾ࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊ࠾イࡁࡋࡲ ࡚ࡢࡇࡘ࠸࡚࠺⪃࠼ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࢆᬑẁࡣࡸࡗ࡚࠾ࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊ࠾イࡁࡋࡲ ࡍࠋ㣤➲ඛ⏕ࡶࠊࡶࡋࡉࡽఱ࠶ࢀࡤ࠾ఛ࠸ࡋࡲࡍࡀࠊࡲࡎࢣࢵࢺࣜࣥࢫ࣮࢟ࡉࢇࣇࣟࢫࢺࡉ ࡍࠋ㣤➲ඛ⏕ࡶࠊࡶࡋࡉࡽఱ࠶ࢀࡤ࠾ఛ࠸ࡋࡲࡍࡀࠊࡲࡎࢣࢵࢺࣜࣥࢫ࣮࢟ࡉࢇࣇࣟࢫࢺࡉ ࢇࡢ࠾᪉࠾㢪࠸ࡋࡲࡍࠋ ࢇࡢ࠾᪉࠾㢪࠸ࡋࡲࡍࠋ 㸦ࣟࣅ࣭ࣥࢣࢵࢺࣜࣥࢫ࣮࢟㸧 ࡈ㉁ၥࡣዪᛶࡢࣥࢡ࣮ࣝࢪࣙࣥࡢࡓࡵᚋ᪥ᮏ࠺࠸࠺ࡇ 㸦ࣟࣅ࣭ࣥࢣࢵࢺࣜࣥࢫ࣮࢟㸧 ࡈ㉁ၥࡣዪᛶࡢࣥࢡ࣮ࣝࢪࣙࣥࡢࡓࡵᚋ᪥ᮏ࠺࠸࠺ࡇ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡔᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ⚾ࡣ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡽぢ࡚࠸࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏࡣᖖዪᛶࡢཧຍࡀከ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡔᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ⚾ࡣ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡽぢ࡚࠸࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏࡣᖖዪᛶࡢཧຍࡀከ ࠸࠸࠺ࡇឤᚰࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ◊✲ࢆጞࡵࡓ⌮⏤ࡶࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣዪᛶࡀ㠀ᖖ✚ᴟⓗ ࠸࠸࠺ࡇឤᚰࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ◊✲ࢆጞࡵࡓ⌮⏤ࡶࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣዪᛶࡀ㠀ᖖ✚ᴟⓗ ཧຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࢆḢ⡿࡛ࡼࡃ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࢆ◊✲ᑐ㇟ࡋ ཧຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࢆḢ⡿࡛ࡼࡃ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࢆ◊✲ᑐ㇟ࡋ ࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ ᖺዪᛶࡢࡔࢀࡀ㑅ᡭࡋ࡚ฟࡿࢃࡾࡲࡏࢇࡅࢀࡶࠊࡔࢀࡀฟࡿࡋ࡚ࡶࠊࡶ࠺‽ഛ ᖺዪᛶࡢࡔࢀࡀ㑅ᡭࡋ࡚ฟࡿࢃࡾࡲࡏࢇࡅࢀࡶࠊࡔࢀࡀฟࡿࡋ࡚ࡶࠊࡶ࠺‽ഛ ࡣᩚࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ࡛ࡍࡢ࡛ࠊዪᏊ㑅ᡭࡢᩘ࠸࠺ࡢࡶࡶ࠺Ỵࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿゝࡗ࡚ࡶ࠸࠸ ࡣᩚࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ࡛ࡍࡢ࡛ࠊዪᏊ㑅ᡭࡢᩘ࠸࠺ࡢࡶࡶ࠺Ỵࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿゝࡗ࡚ࡶ࠸࠸ ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋዪᛶࡢ࣮ࣟࣝࣔࢹࣝࡣ࠸ࡗࡥ࠸࠸ࡽࡗࡋࡷ࠸ࡲࡍࠋᅇᮾி᮶࡚ࡲࡔ㸯᪥ࡋࡓࡗ࡚ ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋዪᛶࡢ࣮ࣟࣝࣔࢹࣝࡣ࠸ࡗࡥ࠸࠸ࡽࡗࡋࡷ࠸ࡲࡍࠋᅇᮾி᮶࡚ࡲࡔ㸯᪥ࡋࡓࡗ࡚ ࡲࡏࢇࡅࢀࡶࠊࡶ࠺ࢸࣞࣅࢆぢ࡚ࡶࠊ⾤ฟ࡚ࡶࠊὸ⏣┿ኸࡉࢇࡢᗈ࿌ࢆぢࡲࡋࡓࠊࡁ࡞ᐉఏ ࡲࡏࢇࡅࢀࡶࠊࡶ࠺ࢸࣞࣅࢆぢ࡚ࡶࠊ⾤ฟ࡚ࡶࠊὸ⏣┿ኸࡉࢇࡢᗈ࿌ࢆぢࡲࡋࡓࠊࡁ࡞ᐉఏ ࡢ┳ᯈࡶฟ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀࡽ㧗ᶫᑦᏊࡉࢇࡶฟ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ᪥ᮏேࡢዪᛶࢫ࣮ࣜࢺࡀࢥ࣐࣮ࢩ ࡢ┳ᯈࡶฟ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀࡽ㧗ᶫᑦᏊࡉࢇࡶฟ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ᪥ᮏேࡢዪᛶࢫ࣮ࣜࢺࡀࢥ࣐࣮ࢩ ࣕࣝ࠸ࡗࡥ࠸ฟ࡚ࡽࡗࡋࡷ࠸ࡲࡍࠋᐉఏࡸᗈ࿌ࡔࡅࡌࡷ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏࡢࡇ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡶᙼዪࡓࡕ ࣕࣝ࠸ࡗࡥ࠸ฟ࡚ࡽࡗࡋࡷ࠸ࡲࡍࠋᐉఏࡸᗈ࿌ࡔࡅࡌࡷ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏࡢࡇ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡶᙼዪࡓࡕ ࡢࣉࣞࢮࣥࢫࡀឤࡌࡽࢀࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࠊᙼዪࡓࡕࡣࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆࡸࢁ࠺ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸ࢁࢇ࡞ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢⱝ ࡢࣉࣞࢮࣥࢫࡀឤࡌࡽࢀࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࠊᙼዪࡓࡕࡣࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆࡸࢁ࠺ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸ࢁࢇ࡞ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢⱝ ࠸ዪࡢᏊࡓࡕࡁ࡞࣮ࣟࣝࣔࢹࣝࡢᙺࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࠸ዪࡢᏊࡓࡕࡁ࡞࣮ࣟࣝࣔࢹࣝࡢᙺࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡋࡋࠊୡ⏺ࢆᗈࡃぢΏࡋࡲࡍࠊࢻ࣑ࢽࢫࢺ࣮ࣞࢱ࣮ࡢ❧ሙ❧ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿዪᛶࡢᩘࡣࡲࡔᑡ ࡋࡋࠊୡ⏺ࢆᗈࡃぢΏࡋࡲࡍࠊࢻ࣑ࢽࢫࢺ࣮ࣞࢱ࣮ࡢ❧ሙ❧ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿዪᛶࡢᩘࡣࡲࡔᑡ ࡞࠸࡛ࡍࡡࠋ᪥ᮏࡶࡸࡣࡾࡑ࠺࡛ࡍࠋࡢᅜྠࡌࡼ࠺ࠊࡲࡔࡑࡢᩘࢆቑࡸࡍࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࢇ ࡞࠸࡛ࡍࡡࠋ᪥ᮏࡶࡸࡣࡾࡑ࠺࡛ࡍࠋࡢᅜྠࡌࡼ࠺ࠊࡲࡔࡑࡢᩘࢆቑࡸࡍࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࢇ ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ┘╩ࡸᣦᑟ⪅ࡢഃ❧ࡘዪᛶࡢᩘࡶࡲࡔቑ࠼ࡿవᆅࡀ࠶ࡿᛮࡗ࡚࠸ ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ┘╩ࡸᣦᑟ⪅ࡢഃ❧ࡘዪᛶࡢᩘࡶࡲࡔቑ࠼ࡿవᆅࡀ࠶ࡿᛮࡗ࡚࠸ ࡲࡍࠋ ࡲࡍࠋ ࡋࡋࠊዪᛶࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶᣦᑟ⪅ࠊ┘╩ࡀ⏨ᛶࡔࡗࡓࡾࡍࡿࢣ࣮ࢫࡀከ࠸ࠋ๓ㄪࡓ ࡋࡋࠊዪᛶࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶᣦᑟ⪅ࠊ┘╩ࡀ⏨ᛶࡔࡗࡓࡾࡍࡿࢣ࣮ࢫࡀከ࠸ࠋ๓ㄪࡓ ࡁࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ➇ᢏࡢዪᛶࡢ┘╩࠸࠺ࡢࡣࢯࣇࢺ࣮࣎ࣝ᪂య᧯ࢩࣥࢡࣟ࠸ࡗ ࡁࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ➇ᢏࡢዪᛶࡢ┘╩࠸࠺ࡢࡣࢯࣇࢺ࣮࣎ࣝ᪂య᧯ࢩࣥࢡࣟ࠸ࡗ ࡓዪᛶ➇ᢏࡣዪᛶࡢᣦᑟ⪅࣭┘╩࡛ࡍࡅࢀࡶࠊࡑࢀ௨እࡢ᭷ྡ࡞ዪᛶࡢ㑅ᡭࢆᣦᑟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ ࡓዪᛶ➇ᢏࡣዪᛶࡢᣦᑟ⪅࣭┘╩࡛ࡍࡅࢀࡶࠊࡑࢀ௨እࡢ᭷ྡ࡞ዪᛶࡢ㑅ᡭࢆᣦᑟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ ⏨ᛶ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀከ࠸ࠋࡑ࠺ࡍࡿࠊ⏨ᛶࡢ➇ᢏࡢ࠺ࡀྠࡌ➇ᢏ࡛ࡶඃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺࣓࣮ࢪ ⏨ᛶ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀከ࠸ࠋࡑ࠺ࡍࡿࠊ⏨ᛶࡢ➇ᢏࡢ࠺ࡀྠࡌ➇ᢏ࡛ࡶඃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺࣓࣮ࢪ ࢆ࠼࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࢆ࠼࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡓࡔࠊࡇࢀࡣ≉᪥ᮏࡔࡅࡢၥ㢟࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊṔྐⓗぢࢀࡤ᪥ᮏࡣࡕࡽゝ࠺ ࡓࡔࠊࡇࢀࡣ≉᪥ᮏࡔࡅࡢၥ㢟࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊṔྐⓗぢࢀࡤ᪥ᮏࡣࡕࡽゝ࠺ 62 62 ዪᛶࡢཧຍ࠸࠺ព࡛ࡣ㐍ࢇࡔᅜࡢࡦࡘࡔᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊࡇࡇ࡛ṌࡳࢆṆࡵ࡞࠸࡛ࠊࢇ ዪᛶࡢཧຍ࠸࠺ព࡛ࡣ㐍ࢇࡔᅜࡢࡦࡘࡔᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊࡇࡇ࡛ṌࡳࢆṆࡵ࡞࠸࡛ࠊࢇ ࢇඛ㐍ࡵ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸࠸࠺ࡇࢆ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡓ࠸ࠋ ࢇඛ㐍ࡵ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸࠸࠺ࡇࢆ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡓ࠸ࠋ 㸦ࢹࢽࢫ࣭ࣇࣟࢫࢺ㸧 ࡢࢣࢵࢺࣜࣥࢫ࣮࢟ࡉࢇࡢ࠾ヰ୍ゝຍ࠼ࡲࡍࠊᐇ㝿࣓ࣜ࢝ࡣࣃ 㸦ࢹࢽࢫ࣭ࣇࣟࢫࢺ㸧 ࡢࢣࢵࢺࣜࣥࢫ࣮࢟ࡉࢇࡢ࠾ヰ୍ゝຍ࠼ࡲࡍࠊᐇ㝿࣓ࣜ࢝ࡣࣃ ࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢆࡸࡿᶵࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡁ࡛ࡶ㛤ദࡋ࡞࠸ࡇࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊሗ㐨ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࣜ ࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢆࡸࡿᶵࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡁ࡛ࡶ㛤ദࡋ࡞࠸ࡇࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊሗ㐨ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࣜ ࢧ࣮ࢳࢆࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ୰࡛㦫࠸ࡓࡢࡣࠊ ᖺᮾிࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㠀ᖖከࡃࡢሗ㐨ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࢧ࣮ࢳࢆࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ୰࡛㦫࠸ࡓࡢࡣࠊ ᖺᮾிࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㠀ᖖከࡃࡢሗ㐨ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ ⚾ࡢண௨ୖ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ ⚾ࡢண௨ୖ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏࢆ᪥ᮏࡢእࡽぢ࡚࠸ࡿ᪥ᮏࡀ㐜ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ㄆ㆑ࡀ࠶ࡿࡶࡋࢀ ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏࢆ᪥ᮏࡢእࡽぢ࡚࠸ࡿ᪥ᮏࡀ㐜ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ㄆ㆑ࡀ࠶ࡿࡶࡋࢀ ࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࡛ࡣᐇ㝿ࡣࡑ࠺࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋࡇࡢࡇ␃ពࡋ࡚ࠊᮾி ࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࡛ࡣᐇ㝿ࡣࡑ࠺࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋࡇࡢࡇ␃ពࡋ࡚ࠊᮾி ࡢ ᖺ࡛ࡣࠊ ࢲࣉࢸࣈࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢほⅬࡽྲྀࡾ⤌ࡵࡿ㠀ᖖ㔜せ࡞ࡇࡀ㸰ࡘ࠶ࡿᛮ ࡢ ᖺ࡛ࡣࠊ ࢲࣉࢸࣈࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢほⅬࡽྲྀࡾ⤌ࡵࡿ㠀ᖖ㔜せ࡞ࡇࡀ㸰ࡘ࠶ࡿᛮ ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 㸯ࡘࡣࢡࢭࢧࣅࣜࢸࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡇࠊࡇࢀࢆィ⏬ࡢ୰ྲྀࡾ㎸ࡴࡇ࡛ࡍࠋࢡࢭࢧࣅࣜࢸ 㸯ࡘࡣࢡࢭࢧࣅࣜࢸࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡇࠊࡇࢀࢆィ⏬ࡢ୰ྲྀࡾ㎸ࡴࡇ࡛ࡍࠋࢡࢭࢧࣅࣜࢸ ࡣࡲࡓࠊࣂࣜࣇ࣮ࣜࡢ⎔ቃࢆࡘࡃࡿ㝿ࠊ࣮࢘ࣝࢳ࢙ࡢேࡓࡕࡶࢡࢭࢫ࡛ࡁࡿᙧࡍࡿࡢ ࡣࡲࡓࠊࣂࣜࣇ࣮ࣜࡢ⎔ቃࢆࡘࡃࡿ㝿ࠊ࣮࢘ࣝࢳ࢙ࡢேࡓࡕࡶࢡࢭࢫ࡛ࡁࡿᙧࡍࡿࡢ ࠺࡞ࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࠼ࡤࠊࣂࢫࢣࢵࢺ࣮࣎ࣝࡢሙࡢ㟁㌴ࡢࢡࢭ ࠺࡞ࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࠼ࡤࠊࣂࢫࢣࢵࢺ࣮࣎ࣝࡢሙࡢ㟁㌴ࡢࢡࢭ ࢫࡀ࡞࠸ࡇࡀከ࠸ࠋ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊሙࡽ࡞ࡾ㐲࠸ࡇࢁ㥐ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡾࡋࡲࡍࠋᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ ࢫࡀ࡞࠸ࡇࡀከ࠸ࠋ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊሙࡽ࡞ࡾ㐲࠸ࡇࢁ㥐ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡾࡋࡲࡍࠋᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ ࡢሙྜࡣࢡࢭࢫྍ⬟࡞㟁㌴ࡢ㥐ࡀ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡀ㔜せ࡛ࡍࠋ࢚࣮ࣞ࣋ࢱ࣮ࡢࢡࢭࢫ࠸ ࡢሙྜࡣࢡࢭࢫྍ⬟࡞㟁㌴ࡢ㥐ࡀ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡀ㔜せ࡛ࡍࠋ࢚࣮ࣞ࣋ࢱ࣮ࡢࢡࢭࢫ࠸ ࠺ၥ㢟ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓⅬࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࡼࡃὀどࡋ࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋᮾிࡣࡇ࠺࠸ ࠺ၥ㢟ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓⅬࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࡼࡃὀどࡋ࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋᮾிࡣࡇ࠺࠸ ࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ၥ㢟ࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆ࡚ࠊࡼࡃ㆟ㄽࡋ࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ၥ㢟ࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆ࡚ࠊࡼࡃ㆟ㄽࡋ࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡶ࠺㸯ࡘࡣࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࡛ࢢࣛࢫ࣮ࣝࢶࣞ࣋ࣝࡢᨭࢆ࠺ࡸࡗ࡚ᚓࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ࢚ ࡶ࠺㸯ࡘࡣࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࡛ࢢࣛࢫ࣮ࣝࢶࣞ࣋ࣝࡢᨭࢆ࠺ࡸࡗ࡚ᚓࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ࢚ ࣮ࣜࢺࣞ࣋ࣝࡀὀ┠ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊࡼࡾࡁ࡞ㄢ㢟ࡣࠊ㞀ᐖࡢ࠶ࡿᏊ౪ࡓࡕྠᵝࠊ࠶ࡿẁ㝵࡛ ࣮ࣜࢺࣞ࣋ࣝࡀὀ┠ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊࡼࡾࡁ࡞ㄢ㢟ࡣࠊ㞀ᐖࡢ࠶ࡿᏊ౪ࡓࡕྠᵝࠊ࠶ࡿẁ㝵࡛ 㞀ᐖࢆࡶࡗࡓᏊ౪ࡓࡕࡶࠊ࠺࠸࠺ࢳࣕࣥࢫࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࢆ⪃࠼࡚ࡶࡽ࠺࠸࠺ព࡛ࠊࢢࣛࢫࣝ 㞀ᐖࢆࡶࡗࡓᏊ౪ࡓࡕࡶࠊ࠺࠸࠺ࢳࣕࣥࢫࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࢆ⪃࠼࡚ࡶࡽ࠺࠸࠺ព࡛ࠊࢢࣛࢫࣝ ࣮ࢶࣞ࣋ࣝヰࢆ᥀ࡾୗࡆ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡀ㔜せࡔᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࣮ࢶࣞ࣋ࣝヰࢆ᥀ࡾୗࡆ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡀ㔜せࡔᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡣࠊࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓព࡛ࡼ࠸ᶵ࡛ࠊ࠾ヰࡋࡓࡇࢆࣉࢵࢩ࡛ࣗࡁࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡣࠊࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓព࡛ࡼ࠸ᶵ࡛ࠊ࠾ヰࡋࡓࡇࢆࣉࢵࢩ࡛ࣗࡁࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀࡀࡼࡾࡁ࡞ᡃࠎࡢ┠ᶆ࡛ࡍࠋࢫ࣮ࣜࢺࡣࡶࡕࢁࢇᅜ㝿࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡋࡗࡾ ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀࡀࡼࡾࡁ࡞ᡃࠎࡢ┠ᶆ࡛ࡍࠋࢫ࣮ࣜࢺࡣࡶࡕࢁࢇᅜ㝿࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡋࡗࡾ ࡋࡓࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࢆࡋ࡚ࡋ࠸࡛ࡍࡀࠊྠࡼࡾከࡃࡢேࡓࡕࡼࡾከࡃࡢࢳࣕࣥࢫࢆࡘࡃ ࡋࡓࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࢆࡋ࡚ࡋ࠸࡛ࡍࡀࠊྠࡼࡾከࡃࡢேࡓࡕࡼࡾከࡃࡢࢳࣕࣥࢫࢆࡘࡃ ࡗ࡚ࡋ࠸ࠋࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆࡍࡿᶵ࡛ࡍࠋ⸨⏣ඛ⏕ࡢ࠾ヰࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡼ࠺ࠊࡘࡇࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ ࡗ࡚ࡋ࠸ࠋࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆࡍࡿᶵ࡛ࡍࠋ⸨⏣ඛ⏕ࡢ࠾ヰࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡼ࠺ࠊࡘࡇࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ࠸ࢁࢇ࡞ࡢ⌮⏤ࡀ࠶ࡿᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋேࠎᶵࢆ࠼ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡀ㔜せࡔ⪃ ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ࠸ࢁࢇ࡞ࡢ⌮⏤ࡀ࠶ࡿᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋேࠎᶵࢆ࠼ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡀ㔜せࡔ⪃ ࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 㸦ᅵᒣ㸧 㣤➲ඛ⏕ࡣఱࡘࡅຍ࠼ࡿࡇࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ 㸦ᅵᒣ㸧 㣤➲ඛ⏕ࡣఱࡘࡅຍ࠼ࡿࡇࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ 㸦㣤➲బ௦Ꮚ㸧 㟷ᮌඛ⏕ࡽࡶࡈᥦࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡅࢀࡶࠊ࢝ࣝࢳࣗࣛࣝࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ࠸࠺ࡢ 㸦㣤➲బ௦Ꮚ㸧 㟷ᮌඛ⏕ࡽࡶࡈᥦࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡅࢀࡶࠊ࢝ࣝࢳࣗࣛࣝࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ࠸࠺ࡢ ࢆ┒ࡸࡗ࡚ࡋ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡋࠊ ࡑࡢ୰࡛ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ከᵝᛶࢆࣆ࣮ࣝࡋ࡚ࡋ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࢆ┒ࡸࡗ࡚ࡋ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡋࠊ ࡑࡢ୰࡛ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ከᵝᛶࢆࣆ࣮ࣝࡋ࡚ࡋ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 㸦ᅵᒣ㸧 ᖺࡢᮾி࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡣࡇࡢࡼ࠺࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ᮇᚅࡀ࠶ࡿᛮ 㸦ᅵᒣ㸧 ᖺࡢᮾி࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡣࡇࡢࡼ࠺࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ᮇᚅࡀ࠶ࡿᛮ ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀᑐࡋ࡚࠺࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࠊ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ࡇࡘ࠸࡚㸳ᖺࡢ࠺ࡕ㆟ㄽࡋ࡞ࡅ ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀᑐࡋ࡚࠺࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࠊ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ࡇࡘ࠸࡚㸳ᖺࡢ࠺ࡕ㆟ㄽࡋ࡞ࡅ ࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࡶྵࡵࡲࡋ࡚ࠊḟࡢ➨㸱ࢭࢵࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡈ㆟ㄽࢆ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ ࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࡶྵࡵࡲࡋ࡚ࠊḟࡢ➨㸱ࢭࢵࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡈ㆟ㄽࢆ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࡇࢀ࡛➨㸰ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࢆ⤊ࢃࡽࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࠋ࠺ࡶࠊ࠶ࡾࡀ࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ 63 ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࡇࢀ࡛➨㸰ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࢆ⤊ࢃࡽࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࠋ࠺ࡶࠊ࠶ࡾࡀ࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ 63 第 3 セッション 第 3 セッション 総合討論「2020 年東京オリンピック・ パラリンピックへの提言」 総合討論「2020 年東京オリンピック・ パラリンピックへの提言」 㸦ᑠኵ㸧 ࣃࢿࣜࢫࢺࡢ᪉ࠎࡢ࠾チࡋࢆ࠸ࡓࡔ࠸࡚ఏ⤫ⓗ࡞ࢹ࣮࣋ࢺࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡽᑡࡋእ 㸦ᑠኵ㸧 ࣃࢿࣜࢫࢺࡢ᪉ࠎࡢ࠾チࡋࢆ࠸ࡓࡔ࠸࡚ఏ⤫ⓗ࡞ࢹ࣮࣋ࢺࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡽᑡࡋእ ࢀ࡚㉁ၥࡋࡓ࠸ࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊࡇ࠺࠸࠺ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࡘࡁࡶࡢࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡽእࢀࡲࡋ࡚ࠊⓙࡉࢇࡦ ࢀ࡚㉁ၥࡋࡓ࠸ࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊࡇ࠺࠸࠺ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࡘࡁࡶࡢࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡽእࢀࡲࡋ࡚ࠊⓙࡉࢇࡦ ࡾࡦࡾಶูࡢ㉁ၥࢆࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇࡑࡢ㉁ၥᑐࡋ࡚ࡢࣃࢿ ࡾࡦࡾಶูࡢ㉁ၥࢆࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇࡑࡢ㉁ၥᑐࡋ࡚ࡢࣃࢿ ࣜࢫࢺࡢ᪉ࡽ࠾⟅࠼࠸ࡓࡔࡃࡇࡶᵓ࠸ࡲࡏࢇࡅࢀࡶࠊ୍ᛂࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢࣃࢿࣜࢫࢺࡢඛ⏕ಶ ࣜࢫࢺࡢ᪉ࡽ࠾⟅࠼࠸ࡓࡔࡃࡇࡶᵓ࠸ࡲࡏࢇࡅࢀࡶࠊ୍ᛂࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢࣃࢿࣜࢫࢺࡢඛ⏕ಶ ู㉁ၥࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡃ࠸࠺ᙧࢆࡽࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࠋ ู㉁ၥࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡃ࠸࠺ᙧࢆࡽࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࠋ ࢣࢵࢺࣜࣥࢫ࣮࢟ࡉࢇࡣࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࠾࠸࡚㹊㹅㹀㹒ࡢၥ㢟ࢆ࠺⪃࠼ ࢣࢵࢺࣜࣥࢫ࣮࢟ࡉࢇࡣࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࠾࠸࡚㹊㹅㹀㹒ࡢၥ㢟ࢆ࠺⪃࠼ ࡿࠊ࠸࠺ࡇࠊࢩࣥࢡࣟࢼࢬࢻࢫ࣑ࣥࢢࡢࡼ࠺ࠊࡲ࡛ዪᛶࡀ⏨ᛶࡢ࠺ධࡿ࠸ ࡿࠊ࠸࠺ࡇࠊࢩࣥࢡࣟࢼࢬࢻࢫ࣑ࣥࢢࡢࡼ࠺ࠊࡲ࡛ዪᛶࡀ⏨ᛶࡢ࠺ධࡿ࠸ ࠺ヰࢆࢣࢵࢺࣜࣥࢫ࣮࢟ࡉࢇࡣゝࡗ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ⏨ࡀዪࡢࢤ࣮࣒ධࡿ࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ ࠺ヰࢆࢣࢵࢺࣜࣥࢫ࣮࢟ࡉࢇࡣゝࡗ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ⏨ࡀዪࡢࢤ࣮࣒ධࡿ࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ ࠸࠺ࡇࢆ࠺⪃࠼ࡿࠋࡇࡢ㸰Ⅼࢆࠊࡇࢀࡣࡶࡕࢁࢇࢻࣝࢸࢵࣃ࣮ࡉࢇࡸ㣤➲ඛ⏕ࡀ࠾⟅࠼ ࠸࠺ࡇࢆ࠺⪃࠼ࡿࠋࡇࡢ㸰Ⅼࢆࠊࡇࢀࡣࡶࡕࢁࢇࢻࣝࢸࢵࣃ࣮ࡉࢇࡸ㣤➲ඛ⏕ࡀ࠾⟅࠼ ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡶ࠸࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ࠾ఛ࠸ࡋࡲࡍࠋࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ࡢၥ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ࢣࢵࢺࣜࣥࢫ࣮࢟ࡉࢇࡀ࠾ヰ ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡶ࠸࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ࠾ఛ࠸ࡋࡲࡍࠋࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ࡢၥ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ࢣࢵࢺࣜࣥࢫ࣮࢟ࡉࢇࡀ࠾ヰ ࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࠊࡲࡎࠊ≉㉁ၥࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ ࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࠊࡲࡎࠊ≉㉁ၥࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ ࢻࣝࢸࢵࣃ࣮ඛ⏕ࡣࠊࣥࢡ࣮ࣝࢪࣙࣥࡀࡇࡢࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࡢ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆ⪃࠼ࡲ ࢻࣝࢸࢵࣃ࣮ඛ⏕ࡣࠊࣥࢡ࣮ࣝࢪࣙࣥࡀࡇࡢࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࡢ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆ⪃࠼ࡲ ࡍࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࠸ࢁࢇ࡞㞀ᐖࡢேࢆࣥࢡ࣮ࣝࢻࡍࡿࡇࡀࡌࡷ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ ࡍࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࠸ࢁࢇ࡞㞀ᐖࡢேࢆࣥࢡ࣮ࣝࢻࡍࡿࡇࡀࡌࡷ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ ࡍࡡࠋ࠼ࡤ▱ⓗ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢཧຍࢆࡶࡗቑࡸࡍࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⢭⚄㞀ᐖ⪅ࡣ࠺ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࢁ࠺ ࡍࡡࠋ࠼ࡤ▱ⓗ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢཧຍࢆࡶࡗቑࡸࡍࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⢭⚄㞀ᐖ⪅ࡣ࠺ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࢁ࠺ ࠶⪅ࠊࡘࡲࡾࢹࣇࡢேࢆ࠺ࡍࡿ࡛ࡍࡡࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇࡲ࡛ࡣࢹࣇࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢫࡣู࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲ ࠶⪅ࠊࡘࡲࡾࢹࣇࡢேࢆ࠺ࡍࡿ࡛ࡍࡡࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇࡲ࡛ࡣࢹࣇࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢫࡣู࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲ ࡍࡀࠊ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࠊ࢚࢟ࢩࣅࢪࣙࣥࢤ࣮࣒ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡢ࡛ධࢀࡿࡇࡍࡿࠋ ࡍࡀࠊ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࠊ࢚࢟ࢩࣅࢪࣙࣥࢤ࣮࣒ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡢ࡛ධࢀࡿࡇࡍࡿࠋ ࡑ࠺࠸࠺㞀ᐖ⪅ࡑࡢࡶࡢࡢࣥࢡ࣮ࣝࢪࣙࣥ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡢၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑࡢၥ㢟 ࡑ࠺࠸࠺㞀ᐖ⪅ࡑࡢࡶࡢࡢࣥࢡ࣮ࣝࢪࣙࣥ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡢၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑࡢၥ㢟 ࢆࡢࡼ࠺⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡘ࠸࡚࠾⪺ࡁࡋࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡢ᪉ࡶࠊࡈពぢࡀ࠶ࡿ࡞ࡽゝࡗ ࢆࡢࡼ࠺⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡘ࠸࡚࠾⪺ࡁࡋࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡢ᪉ࡶࠊࡈពぢࡀ࠶ࡿ࡞ࡽゝࡗ ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ ⸨⏣ඛ⏕ࡣࠊࡢࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡣࡕࡽゝ࠺࢚࣮ࣜࢺࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡋ࡚࠸࡚ࠊ㠀ᖖ㔜 ⸨⏣ඛ⏕ࡣࠊࡢࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡣࡕࡽゝ࠺࢚࣮ࣜࢺࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡋ࡚࠸࡚ࠊ㠀ᖖ㔜 ࠸㞀ᐖࡢ᪉ࡣẁࠎཧຍ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢ≧ែࢆ࠺ᨵၿࡍࡁࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ ࠸㞀ᐖࡢ᪉ࡣẁࠎཧຍ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢ≧ែࢆ࠺ᨵၿࡍࡁࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ ࡇࢀ࡛࠸࠸ࡢ࠸࠺ࡇࢆ࠾ఛ࠸ࡋࡲࡍࠋ㔜࠸㞀ᐖࡢ᪉ࡣࡕࡽゝ࠺ࠊ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶࡢࡼ ࡇࢀ࡛࠸࠸ࡢ࠸࠺ࡇࢆ࠾ఛ࠸ࡋࡲࡍࠋ㔜࠸㞀ᐖࡢ᪉ࡣࡕࡽゝ࠺ࠊ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶࡢࡼ ࠺࡞ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ࢚࣮ࣜࢺࢫ࣏࣮ࢶకࡗ࡚ཧຍ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊࡑࡢၥ㢟ࢆ࠺ ࠺࡞ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ࢚࣮ࣜࢺࢫ࣏࣮ࢶకࡗ࡚ཧຍ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊࡑࡢၥ㢟ࢆ࠺ ⪃࠼ࡿ࠸ࡗࡓⅬࢆ࠾⪺ࡁࡋࡓ࠸ࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ⪃࠼ࡿ࠸ࡗࡓⅬࢆ࠾⪺ࡁࡋࡓ࠸ࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࢀࡽࠊࣇࣟࢫࢺඛ⏕ࡣࠊࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ୰࡛ࣇ࢙ࢫࣆࢵࢡࡢヰゐࢀࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ ࡑࢀࡽࠊࣇࣟࢫࢺඛ⏕ࡣࠊࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ୰࡛ࣇ࢙ࢫࣆࢵࢡࡢヰゐࢀࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ ࡇࢀࡣ㠀ᖖ㔜せ࡞࣏ࣥࢺ࡛ࡍࠋ᪥ᮏ࡛ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡀ㛤ࢀࡿࠊࡋࡶ㸰ᗘ┠㛤ࢀࡿ ࡇࢀࡣ㠀ᖖ㔜せ࡞࣏ࣥࢺ࡛ࡍࠋ᪥ᮏ࡛ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡀ㛤ࢀࡿࠊࡋࡶ㸰ᗘ┠㛤ࢀࡿ ࠸࠺ࡇࢆ⪃࠼ࡲࡍࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺࢆࢪᗈࡆࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮ ࠸࠺ࡇࢆ⪃࠼ࡲࡍࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺࢆࢪᗈࡆࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮ ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡀ࡞ࡐゝ࠸ࡲࡍࠊ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪࣛ࢜ࢫࠊ⚾ࡣከࡃࡢᅜࡢᡂ⦼ࢆㄪ ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡀ࡞ࡐゝ࠸ࡲࡍࠊ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪࣛ࢜ࢫࠊ⚾ࡣከࡃࡢᅜࡢᡂ⦼ࢆㄪ ࡚ࡳࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ༑ศཧຍࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ᅜࡀࢪࡣࡲࡔࡓࡃࡉࢇ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡚ࡳࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ༑ศཧຍࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ᅜࡀࢪࡣࡲࡔࡓࡃࡉࢇ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ 64 64 ࡓ࠼ཧຍࡣࡋ࡚࠸࡚ࡶࠊ࣓ࢲࣝࢆྲྀࡗ࡚࡞࠸ᅜࡀከ࠸ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࢪ࠾࠸࡚ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ㐠 ࡓ࠼ཧຍࡣࡋ࡚࠸࡚ࡶࠊ࣓ࢲࣝࢆྲྀࡗ࡚࡞࠸ᅜࡀከ࠸ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࢪ࠾࠸࡚ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ㐠 ືࢆ⯆ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࣥࣃࢡࢺࢆᮾி ᖺࡀ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࠸࠺Ⅼࡘ ືࢆ⯆ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࣥࣃࢡࢺࢆᮾி ᖺࡀ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࠸࠺Ⅼࡘ ࠸࡚ࠊࣇࣟࢫࢺࡉࢇࡀ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࢆ࠾⪃࠼ࠊࡕࡻࡗ࠾⪺ࡁࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ ࠸࡚ࠊࣇࣟࢫࢺࡉࢇࡀ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࢆ࠾⪃࠼ࠊࡕࡻࡗ࠾⪺ࡁࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ ࡑࢀࡽࠊᒣཱྀඛ⏕ࡣ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡶࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡶゝ࠼ࡿࡇ࡛ࡍࡀࠊከࡃࡢிࠊ ࡑࢀࡽࠊᒣཱྀඛ⏕ࡣ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡶࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡶゝ࠼ࡿࡇ࡛ࡍࡀࠊከࡃࡢிࠊ ࣟࣥࢻࣥཧຍࡋࡓᅜࡢ࠺ࡕࠊ࣓ࢲࣝࡀྲྀࢀࡓᅜࡣࡰ༙ศࠊ㔠࣓ࢲࣝࢆྲྀࢀࡓᅜࡣཧຍᅜࡢ࠺ࡕ ࣟࣥࢻࣥཧຍࡋࡓᅜࡢ࠺ࡕࠊ࣓ࢲࣝࡀྲྀࢀࡓᅜࡣࡰ༙ศࠊ㔠࣓ࢲࣝࢆྲྀࢀࡓᅜࡣཧຍᅜࡢ࠺ࡕ ࡢࡰ㸲ศࡢ㸯࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࡡࠋࡑࢀ࡛ࠊ࣓ࢲࣝࡶྲྀࢀ࡞࠸ࡲࡋ࡚ࡸ㔠࣓ࢲࣝࢆྲྀࢀ࡞࠸ᅜࡀࡓࡃࡉࢇ ࡢࡰ㸲ศࡢ㸯࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࡡࠋࡑࢀ࡛ࠊ࣓ࢲࣝࡶྲྀࢀ࡞࠸ࡲࡋ࡚ࡸ㔠࣓ࢲࣝࢆྲྀࢀ࡞࠸ᅜࡀࡓࡃࡉࢇ ࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞≧ែࢆᨺ⨨ࡋ࡚࠸࡚࠸࠸ࡢ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࡡࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ᪥ᮏࡣࠊ࠶ ࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞≧ែࢆᨺ⨨ࡋ࡚࠸࡚࠸࠸ࡢ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࡡࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ᪥ᮏࡣࠊ࠶ ࡿ࠸ࡣࡢᅜࠎࡶ୍⥴࡞ࡗ࡚ࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡸࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࡛ࡲ࡛࣓ࢲࣝࢆྲྀࢀ࡞ࡗࡓ ࡿ࠸ࡣࡢᅜࠎࡶ୍⥴࡞ࡗ࡚ࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡸࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࡛ࡲ࡛࣓ࢲࣝࢆྲྀࢀ࡞ࡗࡓ ேࠎ࣓ࢲࣝࡀྲྀࢀࡿࡼ࠺࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡀࡌࡷ࡞࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ ேࠎ࣓ࢲࣝࡀྲྀࢀࡿࡼ࠺࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡀࡌࡷ࡞࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ ࡇࡢⅬࢆ࠺⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠊ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࡛ࡢࡈ⤒㦂ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚࠾⪺ࡁࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ ࡇࡢⅬࢆ࠺⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠊ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࡛ࡢࡈ⤒㦂ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚࠾⪺ࡁࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ 㟷ᮌඛ⏕ࡏࡗࡃ࠾㉺ࡋ࠸ࡓࡔ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊࡉࡗࡁ㣤➲ඛ⏕ࡀከᵝᛶ࠸࠺ࡇࢆゝࢃࢀࡲ 㟷ᮌඛ⏕ࡏࡗࡃ࠾㉺ࡋ࠸ࡓࡔ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊࡉࡗࡁ㣤➲ඛ⏕ࡀከᵝᛶ࠸࠺ࡇࢆゝࢃࢀࡲ ࡋࡓࡀࠊ᪥ᮏࡢከᵝᛶࡶࡉࡿࡇ࡞ࡀࡽࠊᮾிࡣ㠀ᖖከᵝࠊ㠀ᖖᩥⓗࡶከᵝࡋࡓ㒔ᕷ ࡋࡓࡀࠊ᪥ᮏࡢከᵝᛶࡶࡉࡿࡇ࡞ࡀࡽࠊᮾிࡣ㠀ᖖከᵝࠊ㠀ᖖᩥⓗࡶከᵝࡋࡓ㒔ᕷ ࡔᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࡀࠊᮾி࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢆᶵࠊᮾிࡢᣢࡘ㨩ຊࠊᩥⓗ㨩ຊ࡛ ࡔᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࡀࠊᮾி࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢆᶵࠊᮾிࡢᣢࡘ㨩ຊࠊᩥⓗ㨩ຊ࡛ ࡍࡡࠊࡑࢀࢆ࠺ࡲࡃୡ⏺♧ࡍࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠊ࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞Ẽࡀ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࡀࠊࡑࡢⅬࠊᮾி ࡍࡡࠊࡑࢀࢆ࠺ࡲࡃୡ⏺♧ࡍࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠊ࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞Ẽࡀ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࡀࠊࡑࡢⅬࠊᮾி ⮬㌟ࡢᩥⓗከᵝᛶ࠸࠺ࡇࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࡼ࠺㟷ᮌඛ⏕ࡣ࠾⪃࠼࠾ఛ࠸ࡋࡲࡍࠋ ⮬㌟ࡢᩥⓗከᵝᛶ࠸࠺ࡇࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࡼ࠺㟷ᮌඛ⏕ࡣ࠾⪃࠼࠾ఛ࠸ࡋࡲࡍࠋ ᅵᒣඛ⏕ࡶ㉁ၥࡋࡓ࠸ࡇࢁࡀ࠶ࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࡀࠊᅵᒣඛ⏕ࡈ⮬㌟ࡽࡈ㉁ၥࡀ࠶ࡿࡑ࠺࡞ࡢ࡛ࠊ ᅵᒣඛ⏕ࡶ㉁ၥࡋࡓ࠸ࡇࢁࡀ࠶ࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࡀࠊᅵᒣඛ⏕ࡈ⮬㌟ࡽࡈ㉁ၥࡀ࠶ࡿࡑ࠺࡞ࡢ࡛ࠊ ᅵᒣඛ⏕ࡢࡲࡎࡈ㉁ၥࢆඛࠋ ᅵᒣඛ⏕ࡢࡲࡎࡈ㉁ၥࢆඛࠋ 㸦ᅵᒣᐿ⏨㸧 ⚾ࡶࠊ㟷ᮌඛ⏕ࡀ࠾ࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࠊᩥከᵝᛶࡘ࠸࡚࠾ఛ࠸ࡋࡲࡍࠋ㸯ࡘࡣࠊ 㸦ᅵᒣᐿ⏨㸧 ⚾ࡶࠊ㟷ᮌඛ⏕ࡀ࠾ࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࠊᩥከᵝᛶࡘ࠸࡚࠾ఛ࠸ࡋࡲࡍࠋ㸯ࡘࡣࠊ ᪥ࡓࡲࡓࡲࠗୡ⏺࠘࠸࠺㞧ㄅࡀฟࡲࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡇ࡛ࠕ⌮ᛕ࡞ࡁᮾி࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࠖ࠸࠺ࠊࡸࡸཝ ᪥ࡓࡲࡓࡲࠗୡ⏺࠘࠸࠺㞧ㄅࡀฟࡲࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡇ࡛ࠕ⌮ᛕ࡞ࡁᮾி࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࠖ࠸࠺ࠊࡸࡸཝ ࡋ࠸≉㞟ࢆ⤌ࢇ࡛࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶࠕ⌮ᛕ࡞ࡁᮾி࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࠖ᭩࠸࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡿ᪉ࠎ ࡋ࠸≉㞟ࢆ⤌ࢇ࡛࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶࠕ⌮ᛕ࡞ࡁᮾி࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࠖ᭩࠸࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡿ᪉ࠎ ㈶ᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊࡋࡋࠊࡇࡢ㛫ࡢ᪂ᅜ❧➇ᢏሙ࢚ࣥࣈ࣒ࣞࡢၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡾ ㈶ᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊࡋࡋࠊࡇࡢ㛫ࡢ᪂ᅜ❧➇ᢏሙ࢚ࣥࣈ࣒ࣞࡢၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡾ ࡲࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࠊᅜẸࡢ୰ࡣࡑ࠺࠸࠺ၥࡀ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡲࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࠊᅜẸࡢ୰ࡣࡑ࠺࠸࠺ၥࡀ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ᪥ᮏࡀ ᖺᮾி࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢆ㛤ദࡍࡿᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࠊᵝࠎ࡞ከᵝ ࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ᪥ᮏࡀ ᖺᮾி࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢆ㛤ദࡍࡿᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࠊᵝࠎ࡞ከᵝ ᛶࢆಁ㐍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡋ࡚ࡶࠊࡼࡾලయⓗࡇ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡍࡁࡔࠊࡇ࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ᅜ ᛶࢆಁ㐍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡋ࡚ࡶࠊࡼࡾලయⓗࡇ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡍࡁࡔࠊࡇ࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ᅜ Ẹࡢඹឤࢆᚓࡿࡁࡔ࠸࠺ࡇࡀࠊࡸࡗࡥࡾᚲせࡌࡷ࡞࠸ࠋࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࢆ㆟ㄽࡍࡿࡇࡀᚲ Ẹࡢඹឤࢆᚓࡿࡁࡔ࠸࠺ࡇࡀࠊࡸࡗࡥࡾᚲせࡌࡷ࡞࠸ࠋࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࢆ㆟ㄽࡍࡿࡇࡀᚲ せࡌࡷ࡞࠸ᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ せࡌࡷ࡞࠸ᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ ⚾ࠊඛࡢ୍␒ึࡵࡢᣵᣜࡢ୰࡛⟽᰿㥐ఏࡢࡇࢆ⏦ࡋࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊẖᖺྠࡌࡇࢆࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ ⚾ࠊඛࡢ୍␒ึࡵࡢᣵᣜࡢ୰࡛⟽᰿㥐ఏࡢࡇࢆ⏦ࡋࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊẖᖺྠࡌࡇࢆࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ⟽᰿ࡲ࡛⾜ࡗ࡚ᖐࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀࡶࠊࡋࡋࠊẖᖺࠊ㥐ఏࡣ㐪࠸ࡲࡍࠋẖᖺࢫࢺ࣮ ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ⟽᰿ࡲ࡛⾜ࡗ࡚ᖐࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀࡶࠊࡋࡋࠊẖᖺࠊ㥐ఏࡣ㐪࠸ࡲࡍࠋẖᖺࢫࢺ࣮ ࣮ࣜࡶࠊࢻ࣐ࣛࡶ㐪࠸ࡲࡍࠋฟࡿᏛࡸ㑅ᡭࡀㄡ࡛࠶ࡿࡼࡗ࡚ࡸࡗࡥࡾ㐪࠺ࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ࡛ࡍ ࣮ࣜࡶࠊࢻ࣐ࣛࡶ㐪࠸ࡲࡍࠋฟࡿᏛࡸ㑅ᡭࡀㄡ࡛࠶ࡿࡼࡗ࡚ࡸࡗࡥࡾ㐪࠺ࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ࡛ࡍ ࡽࠊ㟷ᒣᏛ㝔ࡢᏛ⏕ࡀ㉮ࡿࡢࠊࡢᏛࡀ㉮ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣྠࡌ⟽᰿㥐ఏࡣ࠸࠼ࠊࡸࡗࡥࡾ㐪 ࡽࠊ㟷ᒣᏛ㝔ࡢᏛ⏕ࡀ㉮ࡿࡢࠊࡢᏛࡀ㉮ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣྠࡌ⟽᰿㥐ఏࡣ࠸࠼ࠊࡸࡗࡥࡾ㐪 ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ ⚾ࡀᡭ⏫ᛂ⾜ࡃࡼ࠺࡞ࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࠊࢀࡇࢀ ᖺ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊࡇࡢᩘᖺࠊ㟷ᒣᏛ ⚾ࡀᡭ⏫ᛂ⾜ࡃࡼ࠺࡞ࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࠊࢀࡇࢀ ᖺ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊࡇࡢᩘᖺࠊ㟷ᒣᏛ 㝔ࡀ࠶ࡑࡇฟࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࡽࠊᛂࡍࡿேࡢឤࡌ࡛ࡶఱ࡛ࡶ㠀ᖖኚࢃࡗ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ 㝔ࡀ࠶ࡑࡇฟࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࡽࠊᛂࡍࡿேࡢឤࡌ࡛ࡶఱ࡛ࡶ㠀ᖖኚࢃࡗ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡶྠᵝ࡛ࡋ࡚ࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡣࡇ࡛ࡸࡗ࡚ࡶྠࡌࡔ࠸࠺ࡇࡣỴࡋ࡚࡞࠸ࠋᮾ ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡶྠᵝ࡛ࡋ࡚ࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡣࡇ࡛ࡸࡗ࡚ࡶྠࡌࡔ࠸࠺ࡇࡣỴࡋ࡚࡞࠸ࠋᮾ ி࡛ࡸࡿ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡀ࠺࠸࠺࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࡛࠶ࡿࡁࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡀ࠺࠸࠺ ி࡛ࡸࡿ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡀ࠺࠸࠺࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࡛࠶ࡿࡁࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡀ࠺࠸࠺ ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡁ࠸࠺ࡇࡘ࠸࡚ࠊⓙࡉࢇࡑࢀࡒࢀ࠾⪃࠼࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࡅࢀࡶࠊᑠඛ⏕ࡸ㟷ᮌ ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡁ࠸࠺ࡇࡘ࠸࡚ࠊⓙࡉࢇࡑࢀࡒࢀ࠾⪃࠼࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࡅࢀࡶࠊᑠඛ⏕ࡸ㟷ᮌ 65 65 ඛ⏕ࡀࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࡘ࠸࡚ᗈࡃ࠾⪃࠼࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡿᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊఱࡈពぢࢆ࠸ࡓࡔࡅ ඛ⏕ࡀࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࡘ࠸࡚ᗈࡃ࠾⪃࠼࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡿᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊఱࡈពぢࢆ࠸ࡓࡔࡅ ࢀࡤᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࢀࡤᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 㸦ᑠ㸧 ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࠊ㟷ᮌඛ⏕ࡽ࠺ࡒࠋ 㸦ᑠ㸧 ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࠊ㟷ᮌඛ⏕ࡽ࠺ࡒࠋ 㸦㟷ᮌಖ㸧 ࡶࡃࠊᮾிୡ⏺ࡢ࠸ࢁࢇ࡞㣗ࢆࠊᩱ⌮ࢆ㣗࡚ࡿࡇࢁࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ᪥ 㸦㟷ᮌಖ㸧 ࡶࡃࠊᮾிୡ⏺ࡢ࠸ࢁࢇ࡞㣗ࢆࠊᩱ⌮ࢆ㣗࡚ࡿࡇࢁࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ᪥ ᮏேࠊ࠼ࡤᮅࠊࢡࣟ࣡ࢵࢧࣥ࢝ࣇ࢙࠸࠺ேࡶ࠸ࡿࡋࠊᮅࡣఏ⤫ⓗ࡞ሷࡌࡷࡅࡳࡑỒ ᮏேࠊ࠼ࡤᮅࠊࢡࣟ࣡ࢵࢧࣥ࢝ࣇ࢙࠸࠺ேࡶ࠸ࡿࡋࠊᮅࡣఏ⤫ⓗ࡞ሷࡌࡷࡅࡳࡑỒ ఱ࠸࠺ேࡶ࠸ࡿࡋࠊࡑࢀࡽࡶࡕࢁࢇ㣗࡞࠸ேࡶ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡣ୰⳹࡛ࠊ༗ᚋࡣఱࠊࢸ ఱ࠸࠺ேࡶ࠸ࡿࡋࠊࡑࢀࡽࡶࡕࢁࢇ㣗࡞࠸ேࡶ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡣ୰⳹࡛ࠊ༗ᚋࡣఱࠊࢸ ࣮ఱ࡛ࡍࡡࠋࡑࢀࡽኪࡣࣇࣞࣥࢳࠋࡶࡃࠊࡇࢇ࡞࠸ࢁࢇ࡞ࡶࡢ㣗࡚ࡿ ࣮ఱ࡛ࡍࡡࠋࡑࢀࡽኪࡣࣇࣞࣥࢳࠋࡶࡃࠊࡇࢇ࡞࠸ࢁࢇ࡞ࡶࡢ㣗࡚ࡿ ࡇࢁࡗ࡚ࠊࠊୡ⏺࡛ࡇࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡼࠋி⾜ࡗࡓࡗ࡚ࠊࢯ࢘ࣝ⾜ࡗࡓࡗ࡚ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࢽ ࡇࢁࡗ࡚ࠊࠊୡ⏺࡛ࡇࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡼࠋி⾜ࡗࡓࡗ࡚ࠊࢯ࢘ࣝ⾜ࡗࡓࡗ࡚ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࢽ ࣮࣮ࣗࣚࢡ⾜ࡗࡓࡗ࡚ࠊேࡓࡕࡢ㣗ࡿ㣗ࡗ࡚ࠊ⤖ᵓ୍ᵝࡋ࡚ࡲࡍࠋࣃࣜ⾜ࡗࡓࡗ࡚ࠊ࠸ࢁ ࣮࣮ࣗࣚࢡ⾜ࡗࡓࡗ࡚ࠊேࡓࡕࡢ㣗ࡿ㣗ࡗ࡚ࠊ⤖ᵓ୍ᵝࡋ࡚ࡲࡍࠋࣃࣜ⾜ࡗࡓࡗ࡚ࠊ࠸ࢁ ࢇ࡞ᩱ⌮ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡼࠊከᩥ㒔ᕷ࡛ࡍࡽࠋࡋࡋࠊ୍⯡ࡢࣇࣛࣥࢫேࡀᮅࡽᮾிࡢ᪥ᮏேࡢ ࢇ࡞ᩱ⌮ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡼࠊከᩥ㒔ᕷ࡛ࡍࡽࠋࡋࡋࠊ୍⯡ࡢࣇࣛࣥࢫேࡀᮅࡽᮾிࡢ᪥ᮏேࡢ ࡼ࠺࠸ࢁࢇ࡞≀㣗࡚ࡿ࠸࠺ࢃࡅ࡛ࡶࡃ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ ࡼ࠺࠸ࢁࢇ࡞≀㣗࡚ࡿ࠸࠺ࢃࡅ࡛ࡶࡃ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ ࡑ࠺࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ࡣࠊࣇࢵࢩࣙࣥࡶࠊ࠶ࡽࡺࡿࣇࢵࢩࣙࣥࡀධࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏࡢሙྜࡣࠊࡳࢇ࡞ ࡑ࠺࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ࡣࠊࣇࢵࢩࣙࣥࡶࠊ࠶ࡽࡺࡿࣇࢵࢩࣙࣥࡀධࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏࡢሙྜࡣࠊࡳࢇ࡞ ᡭ╔࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ☜ࢧ࣮࣐ࣛࣜࣥࡢ᭹࡞ࢇ࡚ࡢࡣࡳࢇ࡞ྠࡌࡔ࠸࠺௦ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡅ ᡭ╔࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ☜ࢧ࣮࣐ࣛࣜࣥࡢ᭹࡞ࢇ࡚ࡢࡣࡳࢇ࡞ྠࡌࡔ࠸࠺௦ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡅ ࠊ᭹ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊఱ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡾ࡛ࡍࠊࡇࢇ࡞࠾ࡶࡋࢁ࠸ࡇࢁࡣ᪥ᮏࡢ࡞࠸ᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍ ࠊ᭹ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊఱ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡾ࡛ࡍࠊࡇࢇ࡞࠾ࡶࡋࢁ࠸ࡇࢁࡣ᪥ᮏࡢ࡞࠸ᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍ ࡡࠋ ࡡࠋ ࡶࡕࢁࢇྂࡃࡽࡶࡑ࠺࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࠊࡃ㏆௦᪥ᮏࢆࡘࡃࡿሙྜࠊୡ⏺ࡢ࠸ࢁࢇ࡞࠸࠸ࡇ ࡶࡕࢁࢇྂࡃࡽࡶࡑ࠺࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࠊࡃ㏆௦᪥ᮏࢆࡘࡃࡿሙྜࠊୡ⏺ࡢ࠸ࢁࢇ࡞࠸࠸ࡇ ࢁࠊ᪥ᮏேࡀ࠸࠸ᛮࡗࡓࡶࡢࢆ㒊ྲྀࡾධࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚ࠊᡭ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢᩥࢆࡘࡃࡗ࡚ࠊࡋࡶ ࢁࠊ᪥ᮏேࡀ࠸࠸ᛮࡗࡓࡶࡢࢆ㒊ྲྀࡾධࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚ࠊᡭ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢᩥࢆࡘࡃࡗ࡚ࠊࡋࡶ ᪥ᮏ㣗ࡔ㣗ࡔゝ࠸࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺ఏ⤫ࡶṧࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡸࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࡇࢁ࠸࠺ࡢࡣୡ ᪥ᮏ㣗ࡔ㣗ࡔゝ࠸࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺ఏ⤫ࡶṧࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡸࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࡇࢁ࠸࠺ࡢࡣୡ ⏺࡛ࡇࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ ⏺࡛ࡇࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ ࡋࡋࠊၥ㢟ࡣࠊඛࡽ㆟ㄽ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ࠊࡇࢀࡣከᩥඹ⏕࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ࡛ࡣ ࡋࡋࠊၥ㢟ࡣࠊඛࡽ㆟ㄽ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ࠊࡇࢀࡣከᩥඹ⏕࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ࡛ࡣ ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊ᪥ᮏேࡢ㊃࡛ࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡽࠋࡔࡅࡶࠊࡑࡢఱ࡛ࡶ㣗ࡿࠊఱ࡛ࡶ╔ ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊ᪥ᮏேࡢ㊃࡛ࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡽࠋࡔࡅࡶࠊࡑࡢఱ࡛ࡶ㣗ࡿࠊఱ࡛ࡶ╔ ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࢁࢆࡶࡗ࠺ࡲࡃ⾲⌧࡛ࡁࡿሙࠊඛࡢ㣤➲ࡉࢇࡢ㛤ᘧࡢศᯒࡣࡍࡈࡃ࠾ࡶࡋ ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࢁࢆࡶࡗ࠺ࡲࡃ⾲⌧࡛ࡁࡿሙࠊඛࡢ㣤➲ࡉࢇࡢ㛤ᘧࡢศᯒࡣࡍࡈࡃ࠾ࡶࡋ ࢁࡗࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀࡶࠊ࠶࠶࠸࠺ࡇࢁࡶࡗ࠺ࡲࡃఱ⏕ࡏ࡞࠸࡞ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࢁࡗࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀࡶࠊ࠶࠶࠸࠺ࡇࢁࡶࡗ࠺ࡲࡃఱ⏕ࡏ࡞࠸࡞ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡓࡔࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ♫ࡗ࡚ࠊே㛫ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣࡸࡗࡥࡾᕪูࡍࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ࡛ࡍࡽࠊఱ࡛ࡶ㣗ࡿࢇ ࡓࡔࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ♫ࡗ࡚ࠊே㛫ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣࡸࡗࡥࡾᕪูࡍࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ࡛ࡍࡽࠊఱ࡛ࡶ㣗ࡿࢇ ࡔࡅࡶࠊࡶࡶᩱ⌮ࡀ᮶ࡓࡇࢁࡢேࡀ᪥ᮏධࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࡽࠊᙼࡽࢆࡕࡷࢇ㐝ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ ࡔࡅࡶࠊࡶࡶᩱ⌮ࡀ᮶ࡓࡇࢁࡢேࡀ᪥ᮏධࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࡽࠊᙼࡽࢆࡕࡷࢇ㐝ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ ࠊࡑࡇ㞴ࡋ࠸㠃ࡀฟ࡚ࡃࡿࠋࡑࡢ㎶ࡢࣂࣛࣥࢫࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸ࠋࡑࡇࢲࣈࣝࢫࢱࣥࢲ࣮ࢻࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ ࠊࡑࡇ㞴ࡋ࠸㠃ࡀฟ࡚ࡃࡿࠋࡑࡢ㎶ࡢࣂࣛࣥࢫࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸ࠋࡑࡇࢲࣈࣝࢫࢱࣥࢲ࣮ࢻࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ ࡛ࠊࡑࢀࢆ࠺࠸࠺ࡩ࠺ࡇࢀࡽࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡃ࠸࠺ࡢࡀ୍␒ࡁ࡞ㄢ㢟࡞ࡿᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡛ࠊࡑࢀࢆ࠺࠸࠺ࡩ࠺ࡇࢀࡽࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡃ࠸࠺ࡢࡀ୍␒ࡁ࡞ㄢ㢟࡞ࡿᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡓࡔࠊవࡾ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ㦁ࡂ㐣ࡂࡿࡁ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮ࠺ࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊᙜ↛ᡃࠎ ࡓࡔࠊవࡾ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ㦁ࡂ㐣ࡂࡿࡁ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮ࠺ࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊᙜ↛ᡃࠎ ࡀࡸࡗ࡚࠸࡞ࡃࡕࡷ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࡽࠋ᪥ᮏ♫ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ᪥ᮏᅜᐙࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ᪥ᮏேࡀࡸ ࡀࡸࡗ࡚࠸࡞ࡃࡕࡷ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࡽࠋ᪥ᮏ♫ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ᪥ᮏᅜᐙࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ᪥ᮏேࡀࡸ ࡗ࡚࠸࡞ࡃࡕࡷ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ㄢ㢟ࡀ㒊ࡑࡇධࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ㛤ദࡀ ࡗ࡚࠸࡞ࡃࡕࡷ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ㄢ㢟ࡀ㒊ࡑࡇධࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ㛤ദࡀ 㸯ࡘࡢᶆⓗࠊ㸯ࡘࡢ࣓ࣝࢡ࣐࣮࡛ࣝࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡅࠊࡑࢀࡔࡅࡌࡷ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡽ᪥ᮏࡀୡ⏺࡛ 㸯ࡘࡢᶆⓗࠊ㸯ࡘࡢ࣓ࣝࢡ࣐࣮࡛ࣝࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡅࠊࡑࢀࡔࡅࡌࡷ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡽ᪥ᮏࡀୡ⏺࡛ ࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ᪥ᮏ♫ࡀⓎᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ㸯ࡘࡢࡁ࡞┠༳ࡋ࡚ከᩥඹ⏕࠸ࢁࢇ࡞ࡶ ࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ᪥ᮏ♫ࡀⓎᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ㸯ࡘࡢࡁ࡞┠༳ࡋ࡚ከᩥඹ⏕࠸ࢁࢇ࡞ࡶ ࡢࢆᥖࡆ࡞ࡀࡽࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡃ࠸࠺ࡢࡀᮏᙜࡔᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋవࡾ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ ࡢࢆᥖࡆ࡞ࡀࡽࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡃ࠸࠺ࡢࡀᮏᙜࡔᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋవࡾ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ ࠸࠺ࡢࡔࡅ㝈ᐃࡋ࡚ヰࢆࡍࡿࡢࡣ⚾ࡣពࡀ࡞࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠋఱ⏦ࡋࡲࡍࠊቃ┠࡞ࡿ ࠸࠺ࡢࡔࡅ㝈ᐃࡋ࡚ヰࢆࡍࡿࡢࡣ⚾ࡣពࡀ࡞࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠋఱ⏦ࡋࡲࡍࠊቃ┠࡞ࡿ ࡼ࠺࡞࣋ࣥࢺ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡣ㛫㐪࠸࡞࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡼ࠺࡞࣋ࣥࢺ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡣ㛫㐪࠸࡞࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 㸦ࢢࢻ࣭ࣝࣥࢻࣝࢸࢵࣃ࣮㸧 ࠸࠸㉁ၥࡤࡾ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࠊᮏᙜࣀ࣮࣋ࢸࣈ࡛ࢡ࢚ࣜࢸࣈ 㸦ࢢࢻ࣭ࣝࣥࢻࣝࢸࢵࣃ࣮㸧 ࠸࠸㉁ၥࡤࡾ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࠊᮏᙜࣀ࣮࣋ࢸࣈ࡛ࢡ࢚ࣜࢸࣈ 66 66 ࡞㉁ၥࡤࡾ࡛ࠊ࠶ࡾࡀ࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡞㉁ၥࡤࡾ࡛ࠊ࠶ࡾࡀ࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡉࡁࡶゝ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊࡸࡣࡾṔྐࢆࡾ㏉ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ࠼ࡤࢪࡢୡ⏺ ࡉࡁࡶゝ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊࡸࡣࡾṔྐࢆࡾ㏉ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ࠼ࡤࢪࡢୡ⏺ ࠸࠺ࡢࡶ㛗࠸Ṕྐࠊ㛗࠸ఏ⤫ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࣃ࡛ࣜ ᖺ➨㸯ᅇࡢࡀ㛤ദࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢃ ࠸࠺ࡢࡶ㛗࠸Ṕྐࠊ㛗࠸ఏ⤫ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࣃ࡛ࣜ ᖺ➨㸯ᅇࡢࡀ㛤ദࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢃ ࡅ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡇࡢఏ⤫ࢆᙼࡽ⮬㌟ࡀࡾᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸ࢹࡀ ࡅ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡇࡢఏ⤫ࢆᙼࡽ⮬㌟ࡀࡾᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸ࢹࡀ ฟ࡚ࡃࡿሙྜࠊ࡞ࡢࡣࠊ᪤ࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿேࡓࡕࡢࢥࣥࢭࣥࢧࢫࡀᚲせࡔ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋࡑ ฟ࡚ࡃࡿሙྜࠊ࡞ࡢࡣࠊ᪤ࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿேࡓࡕࡢࢥࣥࢭࣥࢧࢫࡀᚲせࡔ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋࡑ ࢀࡽࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᅜ㝿ጤဨࠊࢪࡢࡓࡵࡢᅜ㝿ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ⤌⧊࠸࠺ࡢࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊࡑࢀ ࢀࡽࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᅜ㝿ጤဨࠊࢪࡢࡓࡵࡢᅜ㝿ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ⤌⧊࠸࠺ࡢࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊࡑࢀ ࡢࢥࣥࢭࣥࢧࢫࡀᚲせࡔࠊྠពࡀᚲせࡔ࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡢࢥࣥࢭࣥࢧࢫࡀᚲせࡔࠊྠពࡀᚲせࡔ࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ 㸰ࡘࡢᅜ㝿⤌⧊ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡲࡎࢫ࣌ࢩࣕࣝ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢫ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡀ➇ᢏࡸࡗ࡚࠸ 㸰ࡘࡢᅜ㝿⤌⧊ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡲࡎࢫ࣌ࢩࣕࣝ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢫ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡀ➇ᢏࡸࡗ࡚࠸ ࡲࡋ࡚ࠊᖺࣟࢧࣥࢮࣝࢫ࡛➇ᢏࡸࡾࠊ ேࡀཧຍࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀࡽࠊ▱ⓗ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢᅜ㝿⤌ ࡲࡋ࡚ࠊᖺࣟࢧࣥࢮࣝࢫ࡛➇ᢏࡸࡾࠊ ேࡀཧຍࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀࡽࠊ▱ⓗ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢᅜ㝿⤌ ⧊ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡣ㹇㹎㹁ᅜ㝿ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡጤဨࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࡛ࡍࡢ࡛ࠊ ⧊ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡣ㹇㹎㹁ᅜ㝿ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡጤဨࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࡛ࡍࡢ࡛ࠊ ▱ⓗ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡶࡍ࡛ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡཧຍࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺Ṕྐࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ▱ⓗ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡶࡍ࡛ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡཧຍࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺Ṕྐࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࠸ࢁࢇ࡞ࢹࢆฟࡍࡁࠊᡃࠎ⮬㌟ࡀ㝈⏺ࢆタࡅࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊࡶࡗᗈ࠸どⅬࡽ ࠸ࢁࢇ࡞ࢹࢆฟࡍࡁࠊᡃࠎ⮬㌟ࡀ㝈⏺ࢆタࡅࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊࡶࡗᗈ࠸どⅬࡽ ᖺࡲ࡛࠺࠸࠺ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࠸࠺ࡇࢆᗈࡃ⪃࠼ࡿࡁࡔᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᖺࡔࡅ ᖺࡲ࡛࠺࠸࠺ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࠸࠺ࡇࢆᗈࡃ⪃࠼ࡿࡁࡔᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᖺࡔࡅ ┠ࢆྥࡅࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊࡑࡢඛࡶぢᤣ࠼࡚࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ ┠ࢆྥࡅࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊࡑࡢඛࡶぢᤣ࠼࡚࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ ᪥ࡣ ᖺࡢ㸯᭶㸷᪥࡛ࡍࡽࠊࣜ࢜ࡣࡲࡔᩘ࢝᭶ࠊᮾிࡲ࡛ࡣᩘᖺ࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡋࠊࡲ ᪥ࡣ ᖺࡢ㸯᭶㸷᪥࡛ࡍࡽࠊࣜ࢜ࡣࡲࡔᩘ࢝᭶ࠊᮾிࡲ࡛ࡣᩘᖺ࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡋࠊࡲ ࡓ ᖺࡀ⤊╔Ⅼ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ ᡃࠎࡣᅜẸ୍⯡ࡢேࡓࡕពぢࢆࡋ࡚࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ ࡓ ᖺࡀ⤊╔Ⅼ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ ᡃࠎࡣᅜẸ୍⯡ࡢேࡓࡕពぢࢆࡋ࡚࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ ࡞࠸ᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋࡋࡋࠊࡑࢀࡣ ᖺ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚ࡽ࡛ࡣ㐜ࡍࡂࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢẁ㝵࡛ࡣࡶ ࡞࠸ᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋࡋࡋࠊࡑࢀࡣ ᖺ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚ࡽ࡛ࡣ㐜ࡍࡂࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢẁ㝵࡛ࡣࡶ ࠺࢚࢟ࢧࢺ࣓ࣥࢺࢆ㉳ࡇࡍࡇࡣ࡛ࡁࡲࡏࢇࡽࠊࡽᅜẸࢆ㆟ㄽཧຍࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡃ࠸࠺ࡇ ࠺࢚࢟ࢧࢺ࣓ࣥࢺࢆ㉳ࡇࡍࡇࡣ࡛ࡁࡲࡏࢇࡽࠊࡽᅜẸࢆ㆟ㄽཧຍࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡃ࠸࠺ࡇ ࡀ㔜せ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡀ㔜せ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡼࡃࣞ࢞ࢩ࣮ࡢヰࡀฟࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀࡣ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡀ⤊ࢃࡗࡓᚋࡢࣞ࢞ࢩ࣮ࡢࡇ ࡼࡃࣞ࢞ࢩ࣮ࡢヰࡀฟࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀࡣ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡀ⤊ࢃࡗࡓᚋࡢࣞ࢞ࢩ࣮ࡢࡇ ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࣞ࢞ࢩ࣮ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡྥࡅ࡚ࡢࡇࢀࡽࡢᩘᖺࡢ ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࣞ࢞ࢩ࣮ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡྥࡅ࡚ࡢࡇࢀࡽࡢᩘᖺࡢ ヰࡀᴟࡵ࡚㔜せ࡛ࡍࠋ ヰࡀᴟࡵ࡚㔜せ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡛ࡍࡢ࡛ࠊ ᖺྥࡅ࡚࢚࢟ࢩࣅࢪ࣭ࣙࣥ࣋ࣥࢺࢆ」ᩘᅇࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡃ࠸࠺ࡢࡣ࠸࠸ࢹ ࡛ࡍࡢ࡛ࠊ ᖺྥࡅ࡚࢚࢟ࢩࣅࢪ࣭ࣙࣥ࣋ࣥࢺࢆ」ᩘᅇࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡃ࠸࠺ࡢࡣ࠸࠸ࢹ ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࢀᑐࡋ࡚ࠊࡶࡋࠊ⤌⧊ጤဨࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᅜ㝿ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡጤဨ ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࢀᑐࡋ࡚ࠊࡶࡋࠊ⤌⧊ጤဨࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᅜ㝿ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡጤဨ ࡢࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࢆᚓࡽࢀࡿࠊࢪࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ⤌⧊ࡽࡢࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࢆᚓࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡶ㔜せ ࡢࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࢆᚓࡽࢀࡿࠊࢪࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ⤌⧊ࡽࡢࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࢆᚓࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡶ㔜せ ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡲࡍࠋࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓ࣋ࣥࢺࢆ ᖺྥࡅ࡚ࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡋ࡚ࠊࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࡢ ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡲࡍࠋࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓ࣋ࣥࢺࢆ ᖺྥࡅ࡚ࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡋ࡚ࠊࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࡢ ୍⎔ࡋ࡚ጞࡵ࡚࠸ࡃ࠸࠺ࡇࡀ㔜せ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ᪥ᮏࡣࣀ࣮࣋ࢸࣈ࡛ࢡࣜ ୍⎔ࡋ࡚ጞࡵ࡚࠸ࡃ࠸࠺ࡇࡀ㔜せ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ᪥ᮏࡣࣀ࣮࣋ࢸࣈ࡛ࢡࣜ ࢚ࢸࣈ࡞ᅜࡔゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓ࢚࢟ࢩࣅࢪࣙࣥࢆᩥ࣋ࣥࢺ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ ࢚ࢸࣈ࡞ᅜࡔゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓ࢚࢟ࢩࣅࢪࣙࣥࢆᩥ࣋ࣥࢺ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ ࡚㛤ദࡍࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ ᖺࡢᮾி࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ≉ู࡞Ⰽྜ࠸ࢆຍ࠼ࡿࡇ ࡚㛤ദࡍࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ ᖺࡢᮾி࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ≉ู࡞Ⰽྜ࠸ࢆຍ࠼ࡿࡇ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞㞀ᐖ⪅ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢ㛵ಀࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡔࢀࡀཧຍ㈨᱁ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ㈨᱁ࡀ࡞࠸ࡢࠊఱ ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞㞀ᐖ⪅ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢ㛵ಀࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡔࢀࡀཧຍ㈨᱁ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ㈨᱁ࡀ࡞࠸ࡢࠊఱ ࡀ᭱ప㝈ᚲせ࡞㞀ᐖ࡞ࡢ࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞㆟ㄽࡣࡎࡗ⥆ࡃ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ᭱ప㝈ᚲせ࡞㞀ᐖࡢࣞ࣋ࣝ ࡀ᭱ప㝈ᚲせ࡞㞀ᐖ࡞ࡢ࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞㆟ㄽࡣࡎࡗ⥆ࡃ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ᭱ప㝈ᚲせ࡞㞀ᐖࡢࣞ࣋ࣝ ࠸࠺ࡢࡣࡶ࠺ఱ༑ᖺࡶ㆟ㄽࡉࢀ࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ⭎ࡀ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶ࣐ࣛࢯࣥ㉮ࢀࡿࢇࡔࡗࡓࡽ࠸࠸ࡌࡷ ࠸࠺ࡢࡣࡶ࠺ఱ༑ᖺࡶ㆟ㄽࡉࢀ࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ⭎ࡀ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶ࣐ࣛࢯࣥ㉮ࢀࡿࢇࡔࡗࡓࡽ࠸࠸ࡌࡷ ࡞࠸ࠊ࡛ࡶࠊ࢚࢘ࢺࣜࣇࢸࣥࢢ࡛ࡣ∦᪉ࡋ⭎ࡀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ➇ᢏཧຍࡍࡿࡇࡣ࡛ࡁࡲ ࡞࠸ࠊ࡛ࡶࠊ࢚࢘ࢺࣜࣇࢸࣥࢢ࡛ࡣ∦᪉ࡋ⭎ࡀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ➇ᢏཧຍࡍࡿࡇࡣ࡛ࡁࡲ ࡏࢇࠋ▱ⓗ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢሙྜࡣ ᖺࢩࢻࢽ࣮࡛ࢫ࢟ࣕࣥࢲࣝࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࣂࢫࢣࢵࢺ࣮࡛࣎ࣝ ࡏࢇࠋ▱ⓗ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢሙྜࡣ ᖺࢩࢻࢽ࣮࡛ࢫ࢟ࣕࣥࢲࣝࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࣂࢫࢣࢵࢺ࣮࡛࣎ࣝ 㔠࣓ࢲࣝࢆྲྀࡗࡓ㑅ᡭࡀ▱ⓗ㞀ᐖࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠊࢫ࣌ࣥᖐᅜࡋࡓࡁࠊ㞀ᐖࡣ࡞࠸ࠊ⚾ࡣࢪ࣮ࣕ 㔠࣓ࢲࣝࢆྲྀࡗࡓ㑅ᡭࡀ▱ⓗ㞀ᐖࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠊࢫ࣌ࣥᖐᅜࡋࡓࡁࠊ㞀ᐖࡣ࡞࠸ࠊ⚾ࡣࢪ࣮ࣕ 67 67 ࢼࣜࢫࢺ࡛࠶ࡿࠊᏛ⏕ࡔゝࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡔࢀࡀ▱ⓗ㞀ᐖࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᣢࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸࠸ ࢼࣜࢫࢺ࡛࠶ࡿࠊᏛ⏕ࡔゝࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡔࢀࡀ▱ⓗ㞀ᐖࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᣢࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸࠸ ࠺ࡢࡣࠊぢࡓࡔࡅ࡛ࢃࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ ᖺࡽ ᖺࡲ࡛▱ⓗ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡀึࡵ࡚ཧຍࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ ࠺ࡢࡣࠊぢࡓࡔࡅ࡛ࢃࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ ᖺࡽ ᖺࡲ࡛▱ⓗ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡀึࡵ࡚ཧຍࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡀ࠸ࢁࢇ࡞㆟ㄽࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࠊ◊✲ࡶጞࡲࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓヰࡣ࠸ ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡀ࠸ࢁࢇ࡞㆟ㄽࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࠊ◊✲ࡶጞࡲࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓヰࡣ࠸ ࢁࢇ࡞ࢺࣛࣈࣝࡶ⏕ࡳࡲࡋࡓࠋ∦᪉ࡢ⭎ࡀ࡞࠸ࡇࡣࡶ࠺ぢࡓࡽࢃࡿࡇ࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀࡶࠊ▱ ࢁࢇ࡞ࢺࣛࣈࣝࡶ⏕ࡳࡲࡋࡓࠋ∦᪉ࡢ⭎ࡀ࡞࠸ࡇࡣࡶ࠺ぢࡓࡽࢃࡿࡇ࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀࡶࠊ▱ ⓗ㞀ᐖࡢศᯒࡸศ㢮ࡢၥ㢟ࡣࡲࡔᡶᣔࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡏࢇࠋ ⓗ㞀ᐖࡢศᯒࡸศ㢮ࡢၥ㢟ࡣࡲࡔᡶᣔࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡏࢇࠋ ᡃࠎࡣఱࡋ࡚ࡶࣇ࢙࡞➇ᢏࢆᐇ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥ ᡃࠎࡣఱࡋ࡚ࡶࣇ࢙࡞➇ᢏࢆᐇ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥ ࣆࢵࢡ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺࡢ୰࠾࠸࡚ࡇࢀࡣ㠀ᖖ㔜せ࡞せ⣲ࡢ㸯ࡘࡔᛮࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡋࠊᚋࡉࡽ ࣆࢵࢡ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺࡢ୰࠾࠸࡚ࡇࢀࡣ㠀ᖖ㔜せ࡞せ⣲ࡢ㸯ࡘࡔᛮࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡋࠊᚋࡉࡽ ࡇࡢⅬࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ๓㐍ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࢆᮇᚅࡋ࡚ࡲࡍࡅࢀࡶࠊ࠸ࡃࡽ㛫ࢆࡅ࡚ࡶࠊࡇࡢ ࡇࡢⅬࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ๓㐍ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࢆᮇᚅࡋ࡚ࡲࡍࡅࢀࡶࠊ࠸ࡃࡽ㛫ࢆࡅ࡚ࡶࠊࡇࡢ ၥ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ဨࡀ⣡ᚓ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ゎỴ⟇࠸࠺ࡢࡣฟ࡚ࡇ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ၥ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ဨࡀ⣡ᚓ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ゎỴ⟇࠸࠺ࡢࡣฟ࡚ࡇ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 㸦ࣟࣅ࣭ࣥࢣࢵࢺࣜࣥࢫ࣮࢟㸧 ࠊࢻࣝࢸࢵࣃ࣮ඛ⏕ࡀ࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡗࡓࠊศ㢮ࠊࢡࣛࢩࣇࢣ࣮ࢩ 㸦ࣟࣅ࣭ࣥࢣࢵࢺࣜࣥࢫ࣮࢟㸧 ࠊࢻࣝࢸࢵࣃ࣮ඛ⏕ࡀ࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡗࡓࠊศ㢮ࠊࢡࣛࢩࣇࢣ࣮ࢩ ࣙࣥࡢヰࢆࡲࡎࡋࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⏨ዪ࠸࠺ศ㢮ࡶࡎࡗᚋࡶ㆟ㄽࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞ ࣙࣥࡢヰࢆࡲࡎࡋࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⏨ዪ࠸࠺ศ㢮ࡶࡎࡗᚋࡶ㆟ㄽࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞ ࠸ࡦࡘࡔᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࠸ࡦࡘࡔᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ 㹊㹅㹀㹒ࡢヰࡀฟࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀࡽࠊ⏨Ꮚࡀࢩࣥࢡࣟࢼࢬࢻࢫ࣑ࣥࢢࢆࡍࡿࡢࡣ࠺࠸ 㹊㹅㹀㹒ࡢヰࡀฟࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀࡽࠊ⏨Ꮚࡀࢩࣥࢡࣟࢼࢬࢻࢫ࣑ࣥࢢࢆࡍࡿࡢࡣ࠺࠸ ࠺ヰࡶฟࡲࡋࡓࠋࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ࡀྠᛶ࠺࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ᛶⓗႴዲࡣࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡣᮏ᮶㛵ಀ࡞࠸ၥ ࠺ヰࡶฟࡲࡋࡓࠋࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ࡀྠᛶ࠺࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ᛶⓗႴዲࡣࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡣᮏ᮶㛵ಀ࡞࠸ၥ 㢟࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡋࡋࠊ ᖺࡢࢯࢳࡢᏘ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࡛ࡣࠊࡇࢀࡀ㠀ᖖࡁ࡞ၥ㢟࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ 㢟࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡋࡋࠊ ᖺࡢࢯࢳࡢᏘ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࡛ࡣࠊࡇࢀࡀ㠀ᖖࡁ࡞ၥ㢟࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡑࢀࡶ࠶ࡗ࡚࢜ࣂ࣐⤫㡿ࡀࢯࢳ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ㛤ᘧࢆ࣎ࢥࢵࢺࡋࡓ⌮⏤ࡀࣟࢩ㆟ࡀྠᛶ ࡑࢀࡶ࠶ࡗ࡚࢜ࣂ࣐⤫㡿ࡀࢯࢳ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ㛤ᘧࢆ࣎ࢥࢵࢺࡋࡓ⌮⏤ࡀࣟࢩ㆟ࡀྠᛶ ឡᐉఏ⚗ἲࢆྍỴࡋࠊࣉ࣮ࢳࣥࡀࡑࢀ⨫ྡࡋࡓࡽ࡛ࡍࠋࣟࢩࡢᨻ⟇࠾ࡅࡿࡑ࠺࠸࠺ᕪูࡀ ឡᐉఏ⚗ἲࢆྍỴࡋࠊࣉ࣮ࢳࣥࡀࡑࢀ⨫ྡࡋࡓࡽ࡛ࡍࠋࣟࢩࡢᨻ⟇࠾ࡅࡿࡑ࠺࠸࠺ᕪูࡀ ࣎ࢥࢵࢺࡢ⌮⏤ࡔࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ࡛ࡍࡢ࡛ࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢᨻ⟇ࡋ࡚ၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡶゝ ࣎ࢥࢵࢺࡢ⌮⏤ࡔࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ࡛ࡍࡢ࡛ࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢᨻ⟇ࡋ࡚ၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡶゝ ࠼ࡿࡋࠊၥ㢟࡛࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇࡶゝ࠼ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ ࠼ࡿࡋࠊၥ㢟࡛࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇࡶゝ࠼ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ ⚾ࡀᖖ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡘ࠸࡚㛵ᚰࢆᣢࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࡢࡣࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚✚ᴟⓗኚࢆಁ ⚾ࡀᖖ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡘ࠸࡚㛵ᚰࢆᣢࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࡢࡣࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚✚ᴟⓗኚࢆಁ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡅࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ࠼ࡤ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣࢯࢳࡢ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢᚋࠊ✚ᴟⓗྠᛶ፧ࡀㄆࡵࡽ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡅࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ࠼ࡤ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣࢯࢳࡢ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢᚋࠊ✚ᴟⓗྠᛶ፧ࡀㄆࡵࡽ ࢀࡿືࡁࡀฟ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㇂༊ࡀྠᛶࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ࢩࢵࣉド᫂᭩ࢆฟࡍࡇࡋࡓࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺ືࡁ ࢀࡿືࡁࡀฟ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㇂༊ࡀྠᛶࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ࢩࢵࣉド᫂᭩ࢆฟࡍࡇࡋࡓࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺ືࡁ ࡶࡘ࡞ࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢁࡀ࠶ࡿࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺ព࡛ࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡣ㠀ᖖ ࡶࡘ࡞ࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢁࡀ࠶ࡿࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺ព࡛ࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡣ㠀ᖖ ࡁ࡞ຊࢆᣢࡕᚓࡿᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡁ࡞ຊࢆᣢࡕᚓࡿᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ྠᛶឡࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊᏳಸ㤳┦ࡣ ᖺࡣዪᛶά㌍♫㐍ฟࠊ⫋ሙ࠾ࡅࡿዪᛶࡢά㌍ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ ྠᛶឡࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊᏳಸ㤳┦ࡣ ᖺࡣዪᛶά㌍♫㐍ฟࠊ⫋ሙ࠾ࡅࡿዪᛶࡢά㌍ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ Ꮚ⫱࡚ᨻ⟇ࠊ ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⫱ඣఇᬤࢆࡑࡢ ᖺྥࡅ࡚ᐇࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡃࢇࡔ࠸࠺ࡇࢆ࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡗ Ꮚ⫱࡚ᨻ⟇ࠊ ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⫱ඣఇᬤࢆࡑࡢ ᖺྥࡅ࡚ᐇࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡃࢇࡔ࠸࠺ࡇࢆ࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡗ ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࠸࠺⊃࠸⠊ᅖࡲࡽࡎࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡀ࠶ࡿ ᖺྥࡅ࡚ࠊ ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࠸࠺⊃࠸⠊ᅖࡲࡽࡎࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡀ࠶ࡿ ᖺྥࡅ࡚ࠊ ᙜ↛ࠊୡ⏺ࡣ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞㠃࡛᪥ᮏὀ┠ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࡽࠊ ᖺྥࡗ࡚ࠊ㣤➲ඛ⏕ࡀ࠾ ᙜ↛ࠊୡ⏺ࡣ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞㠃࡛᪥ᮏὀ┠ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࡽࠊ ᖺྥࡗ࡚ࠊ㣤➲ඛ⏕ࡀ࠾ ࡗࡋࡷࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡼ࠺ࠊ᪥ᮏࡋ࡚ࡼ࠸࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡋࡼ࠺࠸࠺ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡘ࡞ࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡗࡋࡷࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡼ࠺ࠊ᪥ᮏࡋ࡚ࡼ࠸࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡋࡼ࠺࠸࠺ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡘ࡞ࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ ࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊࡇࢀࡣ㠀ᖖࡁ࡞࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢࣃ࣮࣡ࡔᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊࡇࢀࡣ㠀ᖖࡁ࡞࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢࣃ࣮࣡ࡔᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࢀࡽ⏨Ꮚࡢࢩࣥࢡࣟࡢヰ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀேẼࡀฟࡿࡣవࡾᛮࢃ࡞࠸࡛ࡍࠋேẼࡢ✀┠࡞ࡿ ࡑࢀࡽ⏨Ꮚࡢࢩࣥࢡࣟࡢヰ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀேẼࡀฟࡿࡣవࡾᛮࢃ࡞࠸࡛ࡍࠋேẼࡢ✀┠࡞ࡿ ࡣᛮ࠸ࡲࡏࢇࡅࠊ࡞ࡐ⏨ᏊࡀዪᏊࡢ➇ᢏཧຍࡋ࡞࠸ࡢ࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࡇ࠺ゝ࠼ࡿ ࡣᛮ࠸ࡲࡏࢇࡅࠊ࡞ࡐ⏨ᏊࡀዪᏊࡢ➇ᢏཧຍࡋ࡞࠸ࡢ࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࡇ࠺ゝ࠼ࡿ ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋዪᏊࡀ⏨Ꮚࡢ➇ᢏཧຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠊⓙࡉࢇࡑࢀࡘ࠸࡚⣡ᚓࡍࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀࡶ ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋዪᏊࡀ⏨Ꮚࡢ➇ᢏཧຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠊⓙࡉࢇࡑࢀࡘ࠸࡚⣡ᚓࡍࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀࡶ ᑐࡢሙྜࡣ࠺࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ࠼ࡤࠊ ᖺ࢝ࢼࢲࡢ⮬㌿㌴➇ᢏฟࡓ㑅ᡭࡀࢺࣛࣥࢫࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ ᑐࡢሙྜࡣ࠺࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ࠼ࡤࠊ ᖺ࢝ࢼࢲࡢ⮬㌿㌴➇ᢏฟࡓ㑅ᡭࡀࢺࣛࣥࢫࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ ࣮࡛ࠊ⏨Ꮚࡋ࡚࢝ࢼࢲ௦⾲ࡋ࡚ヨྜฟࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊవࡾὀ┠ࡉࢀ࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࠊࡁࡃྲྀἋử ࣮࡛ࠊ⏨Ꮚࡋ࡚࢝ࢼࢲ௦⾲ࡋ࡚ヨྜฟࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊవࡾὀ┠ࡉࢀ࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࠊࡁࡃྲྀἋử ࡉࢀࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ ࡉࢀࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ 68 68 ࠊࣁ࣮ࣂ࣮ࢻᏛ➇Ὃࡢ㑅ᡭࡀ࠸ࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ⮬ศ࡛ࡣ⏨ࡔゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࡀࠊᮏᙜࡣዪᛶ ࠊࣁ࣮ࣂ࣮ࢻᏛ➇Ὃࡢ㑅ᡭࡀ࠸ࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ⮬ศ࡛ࡣ⏨ࡔゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࡀࠊᮏᙜࡣዪᛶ ࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋࠊ⏨Ꮚࡢࢳ࣮࣒ධࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ⏨ᛶࡀዪᏊࡢ➇Ὃࢳ࣮࣒ධࡿࡼࡾࡣࡑࢀࡣཷࡅ ࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋࠊ⏨Ꮚࡢࢳ࣮࣒ධࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ⏨ᛶࡀዪᏊࡢ➇Ὃࢳ࣮࣒ධࡿࡼࡾࡣࡑࢀࡣཷࡅ ධࢀࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ➇தࡢࣞ࣋ࣝࡀ㐪࠺ࡽ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࠊṔྐⓗዪᏊࡀ㝖ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ࠸࠺ ධࢀࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ➇தࡢࣞ࣋ࣝࡀ㐪࠺ࡽ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࠊṔྐⓗዪᏊࡀ㝖ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ࠸࠺ ࡇࡀ࠶ࡿࢇࡔࢁ࠺ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋᙜ↛ࠊ⏨ᛶዪᛶ࡛ࡣ⏕≀Ꮫⓗ࡞㐪࠸ࡀ࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡅࢀࡶࠊ ࡇࡀ࠶ࡿࢇࡔࢁ࠺ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋᙜ↛ࠊ⏨ᛶዪᛶ࡛ࡣ⏕≀Ꮫⓗ࡞㐪࠸ࡀ࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡅࢀࡶࠊ ఱୡ⣖ࢃࡓࡗ࡚ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡽዪᛶࡀ㝖ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ࠸࠺ࡇࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊࡢ➇தࡍࡿࣞ࣋ࣝ ఱୡ⣖ࢃࡓࡗ࡚ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡽዪᛶࡀ㝖ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ࠸࠺ࡇࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊࡢ➇தࡍࡿࣞ࣋ࣝ ࡶᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡶᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ ఱ༑ᖺ๓ྠࡌ㉁ၥࡋࡓࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ࠼ࡤࠊ࣎ࢡࢩࣥࢢ㔜㔞ᣲࡆዪᛶࡀཧຍ࡛ࡁࡿ ఱ༑ᖺ๓ྠࡌ㉁ၥࡋࡓࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ࠼ࡤࠊ࣎ࢡࢩࣥࢢ㔜㔞ᣲࡆዪᛶࡀཧຍ࡛ࡁࡿ ゝࡗࡓࡽࠊ᫇ࡣࡑࢇ࡞ࡇࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡳࢇ࡞ᛮࡗࡓᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋࡅࢀࡶࠊࡣ⌧ᐇࡸ ゝࡗࡓࡽࠊ᫇ࡣࡑࢇ࡞ࡇࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡳࢇ࡞ᛮࡗࡓᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋࡅࢀࡶࠊࡣ⌧ᐇࡸ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡽࠊఱࡀࢡࢭࢱࣈࣝ࠸࠺ࡇࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ௦ࡶேࠎࡢព㆑ࡣ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡽࠊఱࡀࢡࢭࢱࣈࣝ࠸࠺ࡇࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ௦ࡶேࠎࡢព㆑ࡣ ࡞ࡾኚࢃࡗ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡞ࡾኚࢃࡗ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡑ࠺⪃࠼ࡿࠊ⏨ᏊࡢࢩࣥࢡࣟࡀேẼฟࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡶ࡞࠸ࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࠶ࡿࡶ ࡑ࠺⪃࠼ࡿࠊ⏨ᏊࡢࢩࣥࢡࣟࡀேẼฟࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡶ࡞࠸ࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࠶ࡿࡶ ࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋࡅࢀࡶࠊ࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡗࡓࡼ࠺ศ㢮ࡢၥ㢟࠸࠺ࡢࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ⏨ᛶዪᛶࡢ⥺ᘬࡁࢆ ࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋࡅࢀࡶࠊ࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡗࡓࡼ࠺ศ㢮ࡢၥ㢟࠸࠺ࡢࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ⏨ᛶዪᛶࡢ⥺ᘬࡁࢆ ࡞ࡃࡍ࠸࠺ヰ࡞ࡿࠊ࡞࡞ࡑࢀࡘ࠸࡚ᛌࡃᛮࢃ࡞࠸ேࡓࡕࡀᙜ↛࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࠊᖖࡇࡢ ࡞ࡃࡍ࠸࠺ヰ࡞ࡿࠊ࡞࡞ࡑࢀࡘ࠸࡚ᛌࡃᛮࢃ࡞࠸ேࡓࡕࡀᙜ↛࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࠊᖖࡇࡢ ၥ㢟࠸࠺ࡢࡣฟ࡚ࡃࡿᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ၥ㢟࠸࠺ࡢࡣฟ࡚ࡃࡿᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 㸦ࢹࢽࢫ࣭ࣇࣟࢫࢺ㸧 ࣇ࢙ࢫࣆࢵࢡ㸦㹄㹃㹑㹎㹇㹁ᴟᮾ࣭༡ኴᖹὒ㌟య㞀ᐖ⪅ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ㸧 㸦ࢹࢽࢫ࣭ࣇࣟࢫࢺ㸧 ࣇ࢙ࢫࣆࢵࢡ㸦㹄㹃㹑㹎㹇㹁ᴟᮾ࣭༡ኴᖹὒ㌟య㞀ᐖ⪅ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ㸧 ࡢࡇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀࡶࠊࡇࢀࡘ࠸࡚༑ศࡼࡃ◊✲ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸㒊ศࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ᪥ᮏ࠾࠸࡚ࡶవ ࡢࡇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀࡶࠊࡇࢀࡘ࠸࡚༑ศࡼࡃ◊✲ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸㒊ศࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ᪥ᮏ࠾࠸࡚ࡶవ ࡾ㈨ᩱࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡓࡔ㸯ࡘㄆ㆑ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࡢࡣࠊ ᖺ௦ࡇࡢࡀᐇ㝿ࡦࡽ ࡾ㈨ᩱࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡓࡔ㸯ࡘㄆ㆑ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࡢࡣࠊ ᖺ௦ࡇࡢࡀᐇ㝿ࡦࡽ ࢀࡓࡁࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡸࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸㡿ᇦගࢆᙜ࡚ࡼ࠺࠸࠺ពᅗ࡛ධࡗ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࢲ ࢀࡓࡁࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡸࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸㡿ᇦගࢆᙜ࡚ࡼ࠺࠸࠺ពᅗ࡛ධࡗ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࢲ ࣉࢸࢵࢻࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࡛ࣉࣟࢢ࣑ࣛࣥࢢࢆ⾜࠸ࠊࢺ࣮ࣞࢽࣥࢢࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡗࡓ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋࢩࣥࣉ ࣉࢸࢵࢻࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࡛ࣉࣟࢢ࣑ࣛࣥࢢࢆ⾜࠸ࠊࢺ࣮ࣞࢽࣥࢢࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡗࡓ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋࢩࣥࣉ ࣝࠊ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅ࣮࣮࡛ࣟ࢟ࡸࢁ࠺ࡋࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊࡋࡋศ࡛ࡢᩥ᭩ࢆㄞࢇ࡛ࡳࡲࡍࠊࣜࢯ࣮ ࣝࠊ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅ࣮࣮࡛ࣟ࢟ࡸࢁ࠺ࡋࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊࡋࡋศ࡛ࡢᩥ᭩ࢆㄞࢇ࡛ࡳࡲࡍࠊࣜࢯ࣮ ࢫࡀ㝈ࡽࢀࡓࡇࢁ࡛ࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࡀࢃࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࢫࡀ㝈ࡽࢀࡓࡇࢁ࡛ࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࡀࢃࡾࡲࡍࠋ ᐇ㝿ࡇࡢ㛫㉳ࡁࡓࡇࡣࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࣇ࢙ࢫࣆࢵࢡࡢࣞ࣋ࣝࡀ㧗ࡲࡗ࡚ࡁ ᐇ㝿ࡇࡢ㛫㉳ࡁࡓࡇࡣࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࣇ࢙ࢫࣆࢵࢡࡢࣞ࣋ࣝࡀ㧗ࡲࡗ࡚ࡁ ࡓࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡲࡍࡲࡍ࢚࣮ࣜࢺⓗ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊࢠࣕࢵࣉࡶฟ࡚ࡁࡓ ࡓࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡲࡍࡲࡍ࢚࣮ࣜࢺⓗ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊࢠࣕࢵࣉࡶฟ࡚ࡁࡓ ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡶࡶጞࡵࡓࡇࢁࡽࡼࡁࡏࡼࠊ ᝏࡋࡁࡏࡼศ㞳ࢀ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡶࡶጞࡵࡓࡇࢁࡽࡼࡁࡏࡼࠊ ᝏࡋࡁࡏࡼศ㞳ࢀ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ ᪥ᮏࡣࠊ ᖺࠊࢫ࣮ࣜࢺࡑࢀ➇தຊࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡽ࠸ ᪥ᮏࡣࠊ ᖺࠊࢫ࣮ࣜࢺࡑࢀ➇தຊࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡽ࠸ ࠺ࡇ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࢺ࣮ࣞࢽࣥࢢࡢᶵࡀ࡞ࡗࡓࡽ࡛ࡍࠋࢪ࡛ࡶྠࡌࡇࡀゝ࠼ࡲࡍࠋࢪ ࠺ࡇ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࢺ࣮ࣞࢽࣥࢢࡢᶵࡀ࡞ࡗࡓࡽ࡛ࡍࠋࢪ࡛ࡶྠࡌࡇࡀゝ࠼ࡲࡍࠋࢪ ࡢࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊࡲࡍࡲࡍᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞┠ᶆ㏆࡙࠸࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊࢠࣕࢵ ࡢࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊࡲࡍࡲࡍᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞┠ᶆ㏆࡙࠸࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊࢠࣕࢵ ࣉࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࣉࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ᆅᇦࢆຓࡅ࡚࠸ࡃࡓࡵᡃࠎ࡛ࡁࡿࡇࡀ࠶ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࡀࠊࡋࡋࠊࡇࢀࡣࡁ࡞ㄢ㢟ࡔᛮ ᆅᇦࢆຓࡅ࡚࠸ࡃࡓࡵᡃࠎ࡛ࡁࡿࡇࡀ࠶ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࡀࠊࡋࡋࠊࡇࢀࡣࡁ࡞ㄢ㢟ࡔᛮ ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᖺࡣࡑ࠺࠸࠺ព࡛ᚋ┠ᣦࡍࡁ᪉ྥࢆ♧ࡍࡶࡢ࡞ࡿࡶࢃࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᖺࡣࡑ࠺࠸࠺ព࡛ᚋ┠ᣦࡍࡁ᪉ྥࢆ♧ࡍࡶࡢ࡞ࡿࡶࢃࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ ࡇࢀࡽࡀேࠎឤືࢆ࠼ࡿࡶࡢ࡞ࢀࡤࡍࡤࡽࡋ࠸࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡋࡋࠊࣜࢯ࣮ࢫࡀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡛ࡁ ࡇࢀࡽࡀேࠎឤືࢆ࠼ࡿࡶࡢ࡞ࢀࡤࡍࡤࡽࡋ࠸࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡋࡋࠊࣜࢯ࣮ࢫࡀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡛ࡁ ࡞࠸㒊ศࡀฟ࡚ࡁࡲࡍࡽࠊࡸࡣࡾࡑࢀࡀ᭱ࡢㄢ㢟ࡔᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡞࠸㒊ศࡀฟ࡚ࡁࡲࡍࡽࠊࡸࡣࡾࡑࢀࡀ᭱ࡢㄢ㢟ࡔᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 㸦⸨⏣⣖㸧 ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡀ࢚࣮ࣜࢺࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡍࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚㔜ᗘ㞀ᐖࡢ࠶ࡿேࡀ㝖ࡉ 㸦⸨⏣⣖㸧 ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡀ࢚࣮ࣜࢺࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡍࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚㔜ᗘ㞀ᐖࡢ࠶ࡿேࡀ㝖ࡉ ࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࠊࡇࢀࢆ࠺ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡈ㉁ၥࡔࡗࡓᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࠊࡇࢀࢆ࠺ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡈ㉁ၥࡔࡗࡓᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ☜ࣜ࢜ࡀ⤊ࢃࡗ࡚ࠊࡉ࠶ḟࡣᮾிࡔゝࡗࡓࡁࠊ࣐ࢫࢥ࣑ࡣ࡞ࡾࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢࡇ ☜ࣜ࢜ࡀ⤊ࢃࡗ࡚ࠊࡉ࠶ḟࡣᮾிࡔゝࡗࡓࡁࠊ࣐ࢫࢥ࣑ࡣ࡞ࡾࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢࡇ ࡶྲྀࡾୖࡆ࡚ࡃࡿᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࡡࠋぢࡿࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢせ⣲ࡀᙉࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࠊࡸࡗࡥࡾ㞀ᐖࡢ㔜 ࡶྲྀࡾୖࡆ࡚ࡃࡿᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࡡࠋぢࡿࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢせ⣲ࡀᙉࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࠊࡸࡗࡥࡾ㞀ᐖࡢ㔜 69 69 ࠸ேࡓࡕࡣࡾྥࢀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢ࡞࠸࠺Ẽࡀࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࠸ேࡓࡕࡣࡾྥࢀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢ࡞࠸࠺Ẽࡀࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓព࡛ࠊ࣎ࢵࢳࣕ࠸࠺➇ᢏࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣ㠀ᖖ㞀ᐖࡢ㔜࠸ேࡓࡕࡀࡸࡿ➇ᢏ ࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓព࡛ࠊ࣎ࢵࢳࣕ࠸࠺➇ᢏࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣ㠀ᖖ㞀ᐖࡢ㔜࠸ேࡓࡕࡀࡸࡿ➇ᢏ ࡛ࡍࠋࡼࡾ㏿ࡃ࡞࠸ࠊࡼࡾ㧗ࡃ࡞࠸ࠊࡼࡾᙉࡃ࡞࠸ேࡓࡕࡀࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࡡࠋࡇࢀ ࡛ࡍࠋࡼࡾ㏿ࡃ࡞࠸ࠊࡼࡾ㧗ࡃ࡞࠸ࠊࡼࡾᙉࡃ࡞࠸ேࡓࡕࡀࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࡡࠋࡇࢀ ࢆ࠺࣓ࢹ࡛ሗ㐨ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡇࢆࡁࡕࢇሗ㐨ࡍࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ㔜ᗘ࡞ ࢆ࠺࣓ࢹ࡛ሗ㐨ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡇࢆࡁࡕࢇሗ㐨ࡍࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ㔜ᗘ࡞ 㞀ᐖࡢ࠶ࡿேࡀࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡཧຍࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡢពࡀฟ࡚ࡃࡿࡢ࡞࠸࠺Ẽࡀࡋࡲࡍࠋ 㞀ᐖࡢ࠶ࡿேࡀࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡཧຍࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡢពࡀฟ࡚ࡃࡿࡢ࡞࠸࠺Ẽࡀࡋࡲࡍࠋ 㸰ࡘ┠ࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺࡣ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ㛤ദࡔࡅࡀ┠ⓗ࡞ࢃࡅࡌࡷ࡞࠸࡛ࡍࠋ࢜ࣜ 㸰ࡘ┠ࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺࡣ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ㛤ദࡔࡅࡀ┠ⓗ࡞ࢃࡅࡌࡷ࡞࠸࡛ࡍࠋ࢜ࣜ ࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺࢆᐇ㊶ࡍࡿᡭẁࡋ࡚࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢࡀ࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋྠࡌࡼ࠺ࠊࣃ ࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺࢆᐇ㊶ࡍࡿᡭẁࡋ࡚࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢࡀ࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋྠࡌࡼ࠺ࠊࣃ ࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺࢆᐇ㊶ࡍࡿࡓࡵࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡀ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡩ࠺⪃࠼ࡲࡍࠊ ࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺࢆᐇ㊶ࡍࡿࡓࡵࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡀ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡩ࠺⪃࠼ࡲࡍࠊ ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺࡢ㸯ࡘࡢᰕࡋ࡚ࠊึᚰ⪅ࡽࢺࢵࣉࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ㑅ᡭࡲ࡛ࠊࡁࡕࢇࢫ ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺࡢ㸯ࡘࡢᰕࡋ࡚ࠊึᚰ⪅ࡽࢺࢵࣉࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ㑅ᡭࡲ࡛ࠊࡁࡕࢇࢫ ࣏࣮ࢶࢆࡍࡿᶵࢆᥦ౪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࠸࠺ࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࡀ┠ⓗ࡞ࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ ࣏࣮ࢶࢆࡍࡿᶵࢆᥦ౪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࠸࠺ࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࡀ┠ⓗ࡞ࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡛ࡍࡽࠊࡸࡣࡾࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡔࡅࡢᯟ⤌ࡳ࡛⪃࠼ࡿ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊࣞ࢞ࢩ ࡛ࡍࡽࠊࡸࡣࡾࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡔࡅࡢᯟ⤌ࡳ࡛⪃࠼ࡿ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊࣞ࢞ࢩ ࣮࠸࠺ゝⴥࡀࡼࡃࢃࢀࡲࡍࡀࠊࡏࡗࡃ࠶ࡿࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊ࠸ࢁࢇ࡞㞀ᐖࡢ࠶ࡿ ࣮࠸࠺ゝⴥࡀࡼࡃࢃࢀࡲࡍࡀࠊࡏࡗࡃ࠶ࡿࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊ࠸ࢁࢇ࡞㞀ᐖࡢ࠶ࡿ ேࡓࡕࡀࢫ࣏࣮ࢶཧຍ࡛ࡁࡿࢩࢫࢸ࣒࠸࠺ࠊ⎔ቃࢆࡘࡃࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡀ㔜せ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡇࢆࠊ ேࡓࡕࡀࢫ࣏࣮ࢶཧຍ࡛ࡁࡿࢩࢫࢸ࣒࠸࠺ࠊ⎔ቃࢆࡘࡃࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡀ㔜せ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡇࢆࠊ ⤌⧊ጤဨࡢ᪉ࡶ࠸ࡽࡗࡋࡷ࠸ࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊࡔࡅࡀ࣓࡛ࣥࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊࡢᡂຌ࠸࠺ࡢࡣࡑ ⤌⧊ጤဨࡢ᪉ࡶ࠸ࡽࡗࡋࡷ࠸ࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊࡔࡅࡀ࣓࡛ࣥࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊࡢᡂຌ࠸࠺ࡢࡣࡑ ࠺࠸ࡗࡓ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺࡀᐇ⌧࡛ࡁࡓ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࢁ࡛ࡣࡽࢀࡿࡁࡔᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊࡑ ࠺࠸ࡗࡓ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺࡀᐇ⌧࡛ࡁࡓ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࢁ࡛ࡣࡽࢀࡿࡁࡔᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊࡑ ࠺࠸ࡗࡓࡇࢁࢆࡐࡦ┠㓄ࡾࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ ࠺࠸ࡗࡓࡇࢁࢆࡐࡦ┠㓄ࡾࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ ᭱ᚋࠊ㸱ࡘ┠ࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡣ⥲ྜⓗ࡞⨾ࡢ㏣ồ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࢆ㟷ᮌ ᭱ᚋࠊ㸱ࡘ┠ࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡣ⥲ྜⓗ࡞⨾ࡢ㏣ồ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࢆ㟷ᮌ ඛ⏕ࡀ㠀ᖖ♧၀ⓗ᭱ึࡢࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩ࡛ࣙࣥ࠾ࡗࡋࡷ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡇ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛ ඛ⏕ࡀ㠀ᖖ♧၀ⓗ᭱ึࡢࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩ࡛ࣙࣥ࠾ࡗࡋࡷ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡇ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛ ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡣ⥲ྜⓗ࡞⨾ከᵝᛶࡢ㏣ồࡔ࠸࠺ࡩ࠺ពࢆࡉࡽຍ࠼ࡲࡍࠊࡑࡇࡽⱁ⾡ࣉ ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡣ⥲ྜⓗ࡞⨾ከᵝᛶࡢ㏣ồࡔ࠸࠺ࡩ࠺ពࢆࡉࡽຍ࠼ࡲࡍࠊࡑࡇࡽⱁ⾡ࣉ ࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛ࠶ࡿࠊ࠸ࢁࢇ࡞ࡇࡀ⤌ࡲࢀ࡚ࡃࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛ࠶ࡿࠊ࠸ࢁࢇ࡞ࡇࡀ⤌ࡲࢀ࡚ࡃࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶ㞀ᐖࡢ㔜࠸ேࡣࡸࢀࡿࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡀᑡ࡞ࡗࡓࡾࠊ➇தࡍࡿࡇ⮬యࡀ㞴ࡋࡗࡓࡾࡋ ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶ㞀ᐖࡢ㔜࠸ேࡣࡸࢀࡿࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡀᑡ࡞ࡗࡓࡾࠊ➇தࡍࡿࡇ⮬యࡀ㞴ࡋࡗࡓࡾࡋ ࡲࡍࡀࠋࡑ࠺࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࠊ࠼ࡤ➇தࡀ୰ᚰ࡞ࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࢲࣥࢫࠊࡢࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ ࡲࡍࡀࠋࡑ࠺࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࠊ࠼ࡤ➇தࡀ୰ᚰ࡞ࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࢲࣥࢫࠊࡢࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ ⱁ⾡࡛ࡍࡡࠊࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡣཧຍࡋࡸࡍࡃࠊྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ⱁ⾡࡛ࡍࡡࠊࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡣཧຍࡋࡸࡍࡃࠊྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡔࡅࢆ↔Ⅼࡋ࡚ࡸࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊྜࢃࡏ࡚ࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓⱁ⾡ ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡔࡅࢆ↔Ⅼࡋ࡚ࡸࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊྜࢃࡏ࡚ࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓⱁ⾡ ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ࡞ࢇࢆ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࠊ㛤ദࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࠸࠺ࡇࡣࡇࡢᮇ㛫ࠊ㠀ᖖ࡞ࡢ ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ࡞ࢇࢆ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࠊ㛤ദࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࠸࠺ࡇࡣࡇࡢᮇ㛫ࠊ㠀ᖖ࡞ࡢ ࡞ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡞ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ⚾ࠊᐇࡣ㠀ᖖ㞀ᐖࡢ㔜࠸ࠊゝⴥࡶฟ࡞࠸ࠊ⮬ศ࡛㌴࠸ࡍࢆ᧯సࡍࡿࡇࡶ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞ேࡓ ⚾ࠊᐇࡣ㠀ᖖ㞀ᐖࡢ㔜࠸ࠊゝⴥࡶฟ࡞࠸ࠊ⮬ศ࡛㌴࠸ࡍࢆ᧯సࡍࡿࡇࡶ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞ேࡓ ࡕࡢࢲࣥࢫࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㛵ࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋఱࢆ㢗ࡾࢲࣥࢫࢆࡍࡿࠊ࠸࠺ࡢࡶ⮬ ࡕࡢࢲࣥࢫࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㛵ࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋఱࢆ㢗ࡾࢲࣥࢫࢆࡍࡿࠊ࠸࠺ࡢࡶ⮬ ศ࡛ࡣືࡅࡲࡏࢇࡽࠊࡃࡑ࠺࠸࠺ே➗㢦ࡀฟࡿࡼ࠺࡞ືࡁࢆ୍⏕ᠱ᥈ࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡑ ศ࡛ࡣືࡅࡲࡏࢇࡽࠊࡃࡑ࠺࠸࠺ே➗㢦ࡀฟࡿࡼ࠺࡞ືࡁࢆ୍⏕ᠱ᥈ࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡑ ࡢேࡢዲࡁ࡞㡢ᴦࢆࡘࡅ࡚ືࡋ࡚࠶ࡆࡿ࠸࠺ࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࢲࣥࢫ࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣ⤖ᵓࣜࣆ࣮ࢱ ࡢேࡢዲࡁ࡞㡢ᴦࢆࡘࡅ࡚ືࡋ࡚࠶ࡆࡿ࠸࠺ࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࢲࣥࢫ࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣ⤖ᵓࣜࣆ࣮ࢱ ࣮ࡀከ࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋᖺ㸰ᅇⓎ⾲ࢆࡸࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺㞀ᐖࡢ㔜࠸ேࡓࡕࠊ⮬ศ࡛ゝⴥࢆฟࡏ࡞ ࣮ࡀከ࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋᖺ㸰ᅇⓎ⾲ࢆࡸࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺㞀ᐖࡢ㔜࠸ேࡓࡕࠊ⮬ศ࡛ゝⴥࢆฟࡏ࡞ ࠸ࡼ࠺࡞ேࡓࡕ࡛ࡶࠊேッ࠼ࡿຊࡀ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࢆࡐࡦⓙࡉࢇ▱ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲ ࠸ࡼ࠺࡞ேࡓࡕ࡛ࡶࠊேッ࠼ࡿຊࡀ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࢆࡐࡦⓙࡉࢇ▱ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲ ࡍࠋ ࡍࠋ 㸦ᑠ㸧 ࠶ࡾࡀ࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋᒣཱྀඛ⏕ࠊ࠸ࡀ࡛ࡍࠋ 㸦ᑠ㸧 ࠶ࡾࡀ࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋᒣཱྀඛ⏕ࠊ࠸ࡀ࡛ࡍࠋ 㸦ᒣཱྀᣅ㸧 ⚾ࡣࡕࡽゝ࠺࣓ࢲࣝࡼࡾࡶ♫㈉⊩ࡍࡿࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆࠊ࠸࠺ࡇࢆࡼࡃཱྀ 㸦ᒣཱྀᣅ㸧 ⚾ࡣࡕࡽゝ࠺࣓ࢲࣝࡼࡾࡶ♫㈉⊩ࡍࡿࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆࠊ࠸࠺ࡇࢆࡼࡃཱྀ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࡀࠋᐇࡣࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆࡸࡿ௨ୖࡣࡸࡗࡥࡾᩋࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊࡇࡢᴦࡋࡉࡀ࡞ࡃ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࡀࠋᐇࡣࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆࡸࡿ௨ୖࡣࡸࡗࡥࡾᩋࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊࡇࡢᴦࡋࡉࡀ࡞ࡃ 70 70 ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢᴦࡋࡉࡀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗ࡃࠊࡇࡢᴦࡋࡉࡣ࠶ࡿࡁ࡛࠶ࡿ ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢᴦࡋࡉࡀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗ࡃࠊࡇࡢᴦࡋࡉࡣ࠶ࡿࡁ࡛࠶ࡿ ⪃࠼ࡲࡍࠋ ⪃࠼ࡲࡍࠋ ࡕ࡞ࡳࠊ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࡛ࡣ᭱㏆࡞ࡗ࡚ࡸࡗࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡀ࡞ࡾᙉࡉࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚ࠊ࣓ࢲࣝࢆྲྀࡾ ࡕ࡞ࡳࠊ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࡛ࡣ᭱㏆࡞ࡗ࡚ࡸࡗࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡀ࡞ࡾᙉࡉࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚ࠊ࣓ࢲࣝࢆྲྀࡾ ጞࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ᭱㏆࡞ࡗ࡚ึࡵ࡚࣓ࢲࣝࢆྲྀࡗࡓࡢࡣᐇࡣ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ ጞࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ᭱㏆࡞ࡗ࡚ึࡵ࡚࣓ࢲࣝࢆྲྀࡗࡓࡢࡣᐇࡣ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ ࡑࡢᚋࠊḟࡣ⏨Ꮚࡀྲྀࡿ࡞ᛮ࠺ࠊ࡞ࢇᖖ⪅ࡢዪᏊࡀྲྀࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࠊࡇࡢ ࡑࡢᚋࠊḟࡣ⏨Ꮚࡀྲྀࡿ࡞ᛮ࠺ࠊ࡞ࢇᖖ⪅ࡢዪᏊࡀྲྀࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࠊࡇࡢ ࣓ࢲࣝࢆྲྀࡗࡓ㑅ᡭࡓࡕᑐࡍࡿࣃ࣮ࣞࢻࡀ㛤ࢀࡓࡾࡋ࡚ࠊ࡞ࡾ࣮ࣟࣝࣔࢹࣝࡲ࡛ࡣ࠸࡞ ࣓ࢲࣝࢆྲྀࡗࡓ㑅ᡭࡓࡕᑐࡍࡿࣃ࣮ࣞࢻࡀ㛤ࢀࡓࡾࡋ࡚ࠊ࡞ࡾ࣮ࣟࣝࣔࢹࣝࡲ࡛ࡣ࠸࡞ ࡗࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ࡞ࡾࡁ࡞ࣥࣃࢡࢺࢆ࠼ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡗࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ࡞ࡾࡁ࡞ࣥࣃࢡࢺࢆ࠼ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࡽ⪃࠼ࡿࠊ㑅ᡭࡢ⫱ᡂ࠸࠺ࡢࡣࡍࡈࡃ㔜せ࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀࡶࠊ㞀ᐖ⪅ᑐࡋ ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࡽ⪃࠼ࡿࠊ㑅ᡭࡢ⫱ᡂ࠸࠺ࡢࡣࡍࡈࡃ㔜せ࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀࡶࠊ㞀ᐖ⪅ᑐࡋ ࡚ࡣࠊࡲࡔᐙࡢ୰࡛㐣ࡈࡋ࡚࠸࡚እฟࢀ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࢽࢢࣞࢡࢺ࡛ࡍࡡࠊ㞴ࡋ࠸≧ἣࡀከࠎ࠶ࡾࡲ ࡚ࡣࠊࡲࡔᐙࡢ୰࡛㐣ࡈࡋ࡚࠸࡚እฟࢀ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࢽࢢࣞࢡࢺ࡛ࡍࡡࠊ㞴ࡋ࠸≧ἣࡀከࠎ࠶ࡾࡲ ࡍࠋࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࠊ᪥ᮏࡀ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢆࡍࡿᙜࡓࡗ࡚ᨭࢆᒎ㛤ࡍࡿ㝿ࡣࠊࡐࡦ ࡍࠋࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࠊ᪥ᮏࡀ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢆࡍࡿᙜࡓࡗ࡚ᨭࢆᒎ㛤ࡍࡿ㝿ࡣࠊࡐࡦ ࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓࡇࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿᩍ⫱ࡶྠᵝྲྀࡾධࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠊ┠ⓗࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿࡇࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡔࢁ ࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓࡇࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿᩍ⫱ࡶྠᵝྲྀࡾධࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠊ┠ⓗࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿࡇࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡔࢁ ࠺ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࠺ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࢀࡣ᪥ᮏࡶゝ࠼ࡿࡇ࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑࢀࢆᐇ㝿ᐇࡍࡿᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࡣࠊࣃ࣮ࢸࢩ࣌ࢺ ࡇࢀࡣ᪥ᮏࡶゝ࠼ࡿࡇ࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑࢀࢆᐇ㝿ᐇࡍࡿᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࡣࠊࣃ࣮ࢸࢩ࣌ࢺ ࣮࣭ࣜࣉ࣮ࣟࢳゝࡗ࡚ࠊ㛤ⓎࡢᏛ⪅࡛ࣟࣂ࣮ࢺ࣭ࢳ࢙ࣥࣂ࣮ࢫ࠸࠺Ꮫ⪅ࡀゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ ࣮࣭ࣜࣉ࣮ࣟࢳゝࡗ࡚ࠊ㛤ⓎࡢᏛ⪅࡛ࣟࣂ࣮ࢺ࣭ࢳ࢙ࣥࣂ࣮ࢫ࠸࠺Ꮫ⪅ࡀゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ ࡓࡔᨭ⪅ࡢᛮ࠸ࡀయ⌧ࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊཧຍᆺ࡛ィ⏬ࢆࡘࡃࡗ࡚ࠊᐇ㝿ࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆ㐍ࡵࠊᨭ ࡓࡔᨭ⪅ࡢᛮ࠸ࡀయ⌧ࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊཧຍᆺ࡛ィ⏬ࢆࡘࡃࡗ࡚ࠊᐇ㝿ࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆ㐍ࡵࠊᨭ ࢆᒎ㛤ࡍࡿࡁࡑࢀࢆᚭᗏࡋ࡞ࡁࡷ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࠊࡇࢀࢆ᪥ᮏࡶᐇ㊶ࡋ࡚࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࠋ ࢆᒎ㛤ࡍࡿࡁࡑࢀࢆᚭᗏࡋ࡞ࡁࡷ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࠊࡇࢀࢆ᪥ᮏࡶᐇ㊶ࡋ࡚࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡑ࠺ࡍࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ♫ኚ㠉ࢆྍ⬟ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ➇ᢏࡀ㐩ᡂ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ ࡑ࠺ࡍࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ♫ኚ㠉ࢆྍ⬟ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ➇ᢏࡀ㐩ᡂ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ௨ୖ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ௨ୖ࡛ࡍࠋ 㸦ᑠ㸧 ࠶ࡾࡀ࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㣤➲ඛ⏕ࠊ࠺ࡒࠋ 㸦ᑠ㸧 ࠶ࡾࡀ࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㣤➲ඛ⏕ࠊ࠺ࡒࠋ 㸦㣤➲బ௦Ꮚ㸧 ᮾிࡢ㨩ຊࡘ࠸࡚࡛ࡍࡀࠊከᩥඹ⏕ࡢほⅬࡽゝ࠺ࠊᅽಽⓗ᪂ᐟ༊ࡔ 㸦㣤➲బ௦Ꮚ㸧 ᮾிࡢ㨩ຊࡘ࠸࡚࡛ࡍࡀࠊከᩥඹ⏕ࡢほⅬࡽゝ࠺ࠊᅽಽⓗ᪂ᐟ༊ࡔ ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࠼ࡤࠊࠊஂಖࡣ࣊ࢺࢫࣆ࣮ࢳࡢሙࡋ࡚ࢿ࢞ࢸࣈ࡞࣓࣮ࢪࢆᣢࡘࡼ࠺࡞ ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࠼ࡤࠊࠊஂಖࡣ࣊ࢺࢫࣆ࣮ࢳࡢሙࡋ࡚ࢿ࢞ࢸࣈ࡞࣓࣮ࢪࢆᣢࡘࡼ࠺࡞ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡅࢀࡶࠊࡑࢀࢆ࣏ࢪࢸࣈከᩥࢫ࣏ࢵࢺࡋ࡚ᡴࡕฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡅࢀࡶࠊࡑࢀࢆ࣏ࢪࢸࣈከᩥࢫ࣏ࢵࢺࡋ࡚ᡴࡕฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ ࡞࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡞࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 㸦ᑠ㸧 ࡲ࡛ࡢⓙࡉࢇࡢࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࢆ࠾⪺ࡁࡋࡲࡋ࡚ࠊࡲࡓ᭱ึࡢᅵᒣඛ⏕ࡢ㉁ၥࢆ⪃៖࠸ࡓࡋ 㸦ᑠ㸧 ࡲ࡛ࡢⓙࡉࢇࡢࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࢆ࠾⪺ࡁࡋࡲࡋ࡚ࠊࡲࡓ᭱ึࡢᅵᒣඛ⏕ࡢ㉁ၥࢆ⪃៖࠸ࡓࡋ ࡲࡍࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ⅼࢆࣃࢿࣜࢫࢺࡢⓙࡉࢇ࠾⪺ࡁࡋࡓ࠸ᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ࠺࠸࠺ࡇゝ࠺ ࡲࡍࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ⅼࢆࣃࢿࣜࢫࢺࡢⓙࡉࢇ࠾⪺ࡁࡋࡓ࠸ᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ࠺࠸࠺ࡇゝ࠺ ࠊ ᪥ᮏࡢᅜẸ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࡛ఱࢆ᭱ࡶᮇᚅࡋࡲࡍࠋ ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ᭱ࡶఱࢆᮇᚅࡋࡲࡍࠊ ࠊ ᪥ᮏࡢᅜẸ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࡛ఱࢆ᭱ࡶᮇᚅࡋࡲࡍࠋ ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ᭱ࡶఱࢆᮇᚅࡋࡲࡍࠊ ࠊ᪥ᮏ࡛ୡㄽㄪᰝࡋࡲࡍࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢሙྜࠊࡶࡕࢁࢇ㔠࣓ࢲࣝࢆࡓࡃࡉࢇྲྀࡗ࡚ࡋ࠸ ࠊ᪥ᮏ࡛ୡㄽㄪᰝࡋࡲࡍࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢሙྜࠊࡶࡕࢁࢇ㔠࣓ࢲࣝࢆࡓࡃࡉࢇྲྀࡗ࡚ࡋ࠸ ࠸࠺ேࡶ࡞ࡾ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊࡸࡗࡥࡾ⤒῭ຠᯝ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ⤒῭ຠᯝ࠸࠺ࡢࢆ㠀ᖖ㔜 ࠸࠺ேࡶ࡞ࡾ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊࡸࡗࡥࡾ⤒῭ຠᯝ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ⤒῭ຠᯝ࠸࠺ࡢࢆ㠀ᖖ㔜 どࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ᪉ࡀ㠀ᖖከ࠸ࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ どࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ᪉ࡀ㠀ᖖከ࠸ࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ ᪉ࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ࣓ࢲࣝࢆྲྀࢀࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ➇ᢏ⬟ຊࢆ㧗ࡵࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ ᪉ࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ࣓ࢲࣝࢆྲྀࢀࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ➇ᢏ⬟ຊࢆ㧗ࡵࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊ♫ࡀࣂࣜࣇ࣮ࣜ࡞ࡿࠊ㞀ᐖ⪅ᑐࡍࡿᨻ⟇ࡀ㐍ࡴࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࡢዎᶵ ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊ♫ࡀࣂࣜࣇ࣮ࣜ࡞ࡿࠊ㞀ᐖ⪅ᑐࡍࡿᨻ⟇ࡀ㐍ࡴࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࡢዎᶵ ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡀ࡞ࡿࡁࡔᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿேࡀ㠀ᖖከ࠸࠸࠺⤫ィࡀฟ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡀ࡞ࡿࡁࡔᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿேࡀ㠀ᖖከ࠸࠸࠺⤫ィࡀฟ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ⌧ᅾࡢୡ⏺ࡢ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺࡢഴྥࢆぢࡲࡍࠊ࢜ࣜ ⌧ᅾࡢୡ⏺ࡢ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺࡢഴྥࢆぢࡲࡍࠊ࢜ࣜ ࣥࣆࢵࢡࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᜍࡽࡃ⤒῭ຠᯝࡀࡲࡍࡲࡍࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇ⤒῭ຠᯝࠊ࣐ࢼࢫࡢຠ ࣥࣆࢵࢡࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᜍࡽࡃ⤒῭ຠᯝࡀࡲࡍࡲࡍࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇ⤒῭ຠᯝࠊ࣐ࢼࢫࡢຠ ᯝࠊ࢚ࣥࣂ࣓ࣟࣥࢺࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࢺࣛࣇࢵࢡࢥࣥࢪ࢙ࢫࢳ࣐ࣙࣥࢼࢫࡢຠᯝࡣࡶࡕࢁ ᯝࠊ࢚ࣥࣂ࣓ࣟࣥࢺࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࢺࣛࣇࢵࢡࢥࣥࢪ࢙ࢫࢳ࣐ࣙࣥࢼࢫࡢຠᯝࡣࡶࡕࢁ ࢇ࠶ࡿᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ⤒῭ຠᯝࡣࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࠋ ࢇ࠶ࡿᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ⤒῭ຠᯝࡣࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࠋ 71 71 ࡋࡋࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡀᣢࡘ♫ⓗ࡞ຠᯝ࠸࠺ࡢࡣ⌧ᅾࡢࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ᪉ྥࡀࢇࢇ ࡋࡋࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡀᣢࡘ♫ⓗ࡞ຠᯝ࠸࠺ࡢࡣ⌧ᅾࡢࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ᪉ྥࡀࢇࢇ ࡢࡼ࠺࡞࢚࣮ࣜࢺࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡋ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࡁࠊᯝࡓࡋ࡚♫ⓗຠᯝ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡀࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵ ࡢࡼ࠺࡞࢚࣮ࣜࢺࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡋ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࡁࠊᯝࡓࡋ࡚♫ⓗຠᯝ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡀࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵ ࢡࡽᮇᚅࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢࠊ࠸࠺ࡁ࡞ၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ ࢡࡽᮇᚅࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢࠊ࠸࠺ࡁ࡞ၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡇࡢⅬࠊࡉࡗࡁࣇࣟࢫࢺࡉࢇࡀࣥࢫࣆ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࡋ࡚ࡣ࠸࠸ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࡅࠊᐇ㝿ࡣ࠺ ࡇࡢⅬࠊࡉࡗࡁࣇࣟࢫࢺࡉࢇࡀࣥࢫࣆ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࡋ࡚ࡣ࠸࠸ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࡅࠊᐇ㝿ࡣ࠺ ࡲࡃ࠸ࡃ࠺ࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࠊ࠸࠺ࡇࢆゝࢃࢀࡲࡋࡓࡀࠋࡲࡉࡑࡇ㸯ࡘࡢၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ ࡲࡃ࠸ࡃ࠺ࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࠊ࠸࠺ࡇࢆゝࢃࢀࡲࡋࡓࡀࠋࡲࡉࡑࡇ㸯ࡘࡢၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ ࡇࡢⅬࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࡼ࠺⪃࠼ࡓࡽ࠸࠸࠸࠺ࡇࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡲࡎࠊࢻࣝࢸࢵࣃ࣮ඛ⏕ࡈពぢ ࡇࡢⅬࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࡼ࠺⪃࠼ࡓࡽ࠸࠸࠸࠺ࡇࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡲࡎࠊࢻࣝࢸࢵࣃ࣮ඛ⏕ࡈពぢ ࢆ࠾⪺ࡁࡋࡓ࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࡀࠋ ࢆ࠾⪺ࡁࡋࡓ࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࡀࠋ 㸦ࢻࣝࢸࢵࣃ࣮㸧 ࠸ࢁࢇ࡞ኚࡀ㉳ࡇࡗ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓ࠸࠺ࡇࢆࡇࢀࡲ࡛࠾ヰࡋ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠊ࢜ 㸦ࢻࣝࢸࢵࣃ࣮㸧 ࠸ࢁࢇ࡞ኚࡀ㉳ࡇࡗ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓ࠸࠺ࡇࢆࡇࢀࡲ࡛࠾ヰࡋ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠊ࢜ ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡋ࡚ࡶࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡋ࡚ࡶࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡀጞࡲࡗࡓࡢࡀ ᖺࡢ࣮࣐ࣟࠊࡑࢀ ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡋ࡚ࡶࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡋ࡚ࡶࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡀጞࡲࡗࡓࡢࡀ ᖺࡢ࣮࣐ࣟࠊࡑࢀ ࡽ ᖺࡢᮾி࡛ጞࡲࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡅࢀࡶࠊࡋࡋࠊ࡞ࡾኚࢃࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚ࡲࡍࠋ ࡽ ᖺࡢᮾி࡛ጞࡲࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡅࢀࡶࠊࡋࡋࠊ࡞ࡾኚࢃࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚ࡲࡍࠋ ⚾ࡀኚ㛵ᚰࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡦࡘࠊ ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ㑅ᡭᮧࠊ ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࣅࣞࢵࢪࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ⚾ࡀኚ㛵ᚰࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡦࡘࠊ ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ㑅ᡭᮧࠊ ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࣅࣞࢵࢪࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࢀࡣࡶࡶࡣ㑅ᡭࡀࡳࢇ࡞୍ᇽࡍࡿሙࡔࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࣅࣞࢵࢪ࡛ࡶࣃࣛࣜ ࡇࢀࡣࡶࡶࡣ㑅ᡭࡀࡳࢇ࡞୍ᇽࡍࡿሙࡔࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࣅࣞࢵࢪ࡛ࡶࣃࣛࣜ ࣥࣆࢵࢡࣅࣞࢵࢪ࡛ࡶࠊ࠼ࡤࣂࣝࢭࣟࢼࡢࡁࡣ㸯࢝ᡤࡔࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ ᖺࡢࢯ࡛࢘ࣝ ࣥࣆࢵࢡࣅࣞࢵࢪ࡛ࡶࠊ࠼ࡤࣂࣝࢭࣟࢼࡢࡁࡣ㸯࢝ᡤࡔࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ ᖺࡢࢯ࡛࢘ࣝ ࡣศࢀ࡚ࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ ᖺࡢࣂࣝࢭࣟࢼࡢ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࡛ࡣ㸯ࡘࡢࣅࣞࢵࢪࡀ ࡣศࢀ࡚ࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ ᖺࡢࣂࣝࢭࣟࢼࡢ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࡛ࡣ㸯ࡘࡢࣅࣞࢵࢪࡀ ࢃࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࢃࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡇࢀࡽࡢࣅࣞࢵࢪ࡛ࡣࠊ㑅ᡭࡓࡕࡀ㞟ࡲࡗ࡚ࡳࢇ࡞࡛࠾⚃࠸ࢆࡍࡿሙᡤ࡛ࡍࠋ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢᅜࢆ ࡇࢀࡽࡢࣅࣞࢵࢪ࡛ࡣࠊ㑅ᡭࡓࡕࡀ㞟ࡲࡗ࡚ࡳࢇ࡞࡛࠾⚃࠸ࢆࡍࡿሙᡤ࡛ࡍࠋ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢᅜࢆ ᥭࡆ࡚ࠊᮇ㛫୰ࡣࣅࣞࢵࢪ࡛ࡳࢇ࡞ࡀ⏕άࢆඹࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡢࡀࣅࣞࢵࢪࡢࡑࡶࡑࡶࡢ⌮ࡔ ᥭࡆ࡚ࠊᮇ㛫୰ࡣࣅࣞࢵࢪ࡛ࡳࢇ࡞ࡀ⏕άࢆඹࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡢࡀࣅࣞࢵࢪࡢࡑࡶࡑࡶࡢ⌮ࡔ ࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᅜࠊࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᩥⓗ⫼ᬒࢆᣢࡗࡓேࡓࡕࡀ୍ᇽ㞟ࡲࡗ࡚⏕άࢆඹ ࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᅜࠊࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᩥⓗ⫼ᬒࢆᣢࡗࡓேࡓࡕࡀ୍ᇽ㞟ࡲࡗ࡚⏕άࢆඹ ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡔࡗࡓࠋ࡛ࡶࠊࡇࡇࡢࡇࢁࠊࣅࣞࢵࢪࡣ㸯᪥ࡋࠊ㸰᪥ࡋἩࡲࡽ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊ➇ ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡔࡗࡓࠋ࡛ࡶࠊࡇࡇࡢࡇࢁࠊࣅࣞࢵࢪࡣ㸯᪥ࡋࠊ㸰᪥ࡋἩࡲࡽ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊ➇ ᢏཧຍࡋࡓࡽᖐࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺㑅ᡭࡀከ࠸ࠋᮇ㛫୰ࣅࣞࢵࢪࡲࡿࡇࢆࡋ࡞࠸ࠋࣅࣞࢵࢪ ᢏཧຍࡋࡓࡽᖐࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺㑅ᡭࡀከ࠸ࠋᮇ㛫୰ࣅࣞࢵࢪࡲࡿࡇࢆࡋ࡞࠸ࠋࣅࣞࢵࢪ ࡛࡞࠸ࡇࢁ࡛ᐟἩࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡑ࠺࠸࠺≧ἣ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚ࠊࣅࣞࢵࢪࡢ⌮ᛕࡀᙳࡀⷧ ࡛࡞࠸ࡇࢁ࡛ᐟἩࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡑ࠺࠸࠺≧ἣ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚ࠊࣅࣞࢵࢪࡢ⌮ᛕࡀᙳࡀⷧ ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡶࡋࡋࡓࡽࣉࣟࠊ࢚࣮ࣜࢺࡀᙳ㡪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡶࡋࢀ ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡶࡋࡋࡓࡽࣉࣟࠊ࢚࣮ࣜࢺࡀᙳ㡪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡶࡋࢀ ࡲࡏࢇࠋ㐃┕ࢡࣛࣈࡢ୰ࡣ㑅ᡭࢆὴ㐵ࡋࡓࡃ࡞࠸ࠊࡢࢳࣕࣥࣆ࢜ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡴࡋࢁฟࡉ ࡲࡏࢇࠋ㐃┕ࢡࣛࣈࡢ୰ࡣ㑅ᡭࢆὴ㐵ࡋࡓࡃ࡞࠸ࠊࡢࢳࣕࣥࣆ࢜ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡴࡋࢁฟࡉ ࡏࡓ࠸࠸࠺ࡇࡶ࠶ࡿࡢࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋࡇࢀࡶࡦࡘࡢ༴㝤࡞ೃࡔᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢ ࡏࡓ࠸࠸࠺ࡇࡶ࠶ࡿࡢࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋࡇࢀࡶࡦࡘࡢ༴㝤࡞ೃࡔᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢ ೃࢆఱ㣗࠸ࡵ࡚࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸⚾ࡣᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡘࡲࡾ㑅ᡭࡓࡕࡀ୍⮴ᅋ⤖ࡋ࡚ ೃࢆఱ㣗࠸ࡵ࡚࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸⚾ࡣᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡘࡲࡾ㑅ᡭࡓࡕࡀ୍⮴ᅋ⤖ࡋ࡚ ⏕άࢆඹࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺⢭⚄ࢆኻࡗ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ⌧ᐇၥ㢟ࠊࡑࢇ࡞⡆༢ ⏕άࢆඹࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺⢭⚄ࢆኻࡗ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ⌧ᐇၥ㢟ࠊࡑࢇ࡞⡆༢ ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࡅࢀࡶࠋ ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࡅࢀࡶࠋ ඛヰฟࡲࡋࡓ㟷ᑡᖺ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࠊ࣮ࣘࢫ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑࡢ➨㸯ᅇࡀ ඛヰฟࡲࡋࡓ㟷ᑡᖺ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࠊ࣮ࣘࢫ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑࡢ➨㸯ᅇࡀ ᖺࢩ࣏࣮࡛ࣥ࢞ࣝ㛤ദࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ㛤ദᚋࠊ⚾ࡣᩥᩍ⫱ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢホ౯ࢆ㢗ࡲࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ࠸ ᖺࢩ࣏࣮࡛ࣥ࢞ࣝ㛤ദࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ㛤ദᚋࠊ⚾ࡣᩥᩍ⫱ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢホ౯ࢆ㢗ࡲࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ࠸ ࢁࢇ࡞ศᯒࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ➇ᢏᩥᩍ⫱࢚ࢹࣗࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ࣋ࣥࢺࢆ୍⥴㛤ദࡍ ࢁࢇ࡞ศᯒࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ➇ᢏᩥᩍ⫱࢚ࢹࣗࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ࣋ࣥࢺࢆ୍⥴㛤ദࡍ ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࣮̿ࣘࢫ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࡛ࡣࡇࢀࡀ⩏ົ࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡅࢀࡶࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆ ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࣮̿ࣘࢫ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࡛ࡣࡇࢀࡀ⩏ົ࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡅࢀࡶࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆ ࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࡛ࡣࡑ࠺࠸࠺せ⣲ࢆ┒ࡾ㎸ࡴࡇࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶ࠺ࡲࡃ࠸ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡏࢇࠋ ࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࡛ࡣࡑ࠺࠸࠺せ⣲ࢆ┒ࡾ㎸ࡴࡇࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶ࠺ࡲࡃ࠸ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡏࢇࠋ ࠼ࡤ㑅ᡭࡀ➇ᢏࢆ⤊࠼ࡓᚋࠊࡍࡄᖐᅜࡍࡿࠊ࠸࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊࡋࡤࡽࡃṧ ࠼ࡤ㑅ᡭࡀ➇ᢏࢆ⤊࠼ࡓᚋࠊࡍࡄᖐᅜࡍࡿࠊ࠸࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊࡋࡤࡽࡃṧ ࡗ࡚ࡶࡽࡗ࡚ࠊ➇ᢏࡀ⤊ࢃࡗࡓ㑅ᡭࡓࡕ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞㠃࡛ఱ㈉⊩ࢆࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࠊ࠼ࡤᩥࠊ ࡗ࡚ࡶࡽࡗ࡚ࠊ➇ᢏࡀ⤊ࢃࡗࡓ㑅ᡭࡓࡕ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞㠃࡛ఱ㈉⊩ࢆࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࠊ࠼ࡤᩥࠊ ᩍ⫱㠃࡛ᙺࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࠊ➇ᢏࡀ⤊ࢃࡗࡓᚋ࡛ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊᮾிࡢᕷẸࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ᪥ᮏࡢᅜẸ ᩍ⫱㠃࡛ᙺࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࠊ➇ᢏࡀ⤊ࢃࡗࡓᚋ࡛ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊᮾிࡢᕷẸࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ᪥ᮏࡢᅜẸ ᑐࡋ࡚ാࡁࡅࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺࠸࠺ࡢࡶࠊࡏࡗࡃᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ࡀࡃࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡽࠊ㔜どࡋ ᑐࡋ࡚ാࡁࡅࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺࠸࠺ࡢࡶࠊࡏࡗࡃᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ࡀࡃࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡽࠊ㔜どࡋ 72 72 ࡚ࡶ࠸࠸ࢇ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓ㠃ࡀኻࢃࢀࡿࡇࡣṧᛕ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡚ࡶ࠸࠸ࢇ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓ㠃ࡀኻࢃࢀࡿࡇࡣṧᛕ࡛ࡍࠋ 㸦ᑠ㸧 ࡶࡋሙࡢ᪉࡛≉㉁ၥࡋࡓ࠸࠸࠺᪉ࡀ࠾࠶ࡾ࡛ࡋࡓࡽࠊࡲࡔᑡࡋ㛫ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ 㸦ᑠ㸧 ࡶࡋሙࡢ᪉࡛≉㉁ၥࡋࡓ࠸࠸࠺᪉ࡀ࠾࠶ࡾ࡛ࡋࡓࡽࠊࡲࡔᑡࡋ㛫ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ ࡽࠊ⡆༢࡞࣏ࣥࢺࢆࡘ࠸ࡓࡈ㉁ၥ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ႐ࢇ࡛Ḽ㏄࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ࡞ࡓ≉ࡇࡢⅬࢆ⪺ࡁࡓ ࡽࠊ⡆༢࡞࣏ࣥࢺࢆࡘ࠸ࡓࡈ㉁ၥ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ႐ࢇ࡛Ḽ㏄࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ࡞ࡓ≉ࡇࡢⅬࢆ⪺ࡁࡓ ࠸࠸࠺᪉ࡀ࠸ࡽࡗࡋࡷࢀࡤࠊ࠺ࡒᡭࢆᣲࡆ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡅࢀࡤᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ࠸ࡀ࡛ࡍࠋ࡞ ࠸࠸࠺᪉ࡀ࠸ࡽࡗࡋࡷࢀࡤࠊ࠺ࡒᡭࢆᣲࡆ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡅࢀࡤᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ࠸ࡀ࡛ࡍࠋ࡞ ࡓࠊ≉ࡇࡢⅬࢆ⪺ࡁࡓ࠸࠸࠺᪉ࡣ࠸ࡽࡗࡋࡷ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡓࠊ≉ࡇࡢⅬࢆ⪺ࡁࡓ࠸࠸࠺᪉ࡣ࠸ࡽࡗࡋࡷ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 㸦ᑠᩥ㞝㸧 ᑠኵࡉࢇྠࡌⱑᏐ࡛ᑠ⏦ࡋࡲࡋ࡚ࠊᣍ⮴άື㛵ࡍࡿࢆࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲ 㸦ᑠᩥ㞝㸧 ᑠኵࡉࢇྠࡌⱑᏐ࡛ᑠ⏦ࡋࡲࡋ࡚ࠊᣍ⮴άື㛵ࡍࡿࢆࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲ ࡍࠋ ᖺࡣ㈇ࡅࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ ᖺࡣᑠኵࡉࢇࡢࡈᣦᑟࡢ࠾ࡆ࡛ࡘࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡍࠋ ᖺࡣ㈇ࡅࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ ᖺࡣᑠኵࡉࢇࡢࡈᣦᑟࡢ࠾ࡆ࡛ࡘࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢᬑཬࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡇࡢ➨㸱ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢᬑཬࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡇࡢ➨㸱ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ ࡢ㢟┠ࡣ ᖺྥࡅ࡚ࡢᥦゝ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊࡑࢀ࡛ࡦࡘ࠾⪺ࡁࡋࡲࡍࠋ㹇㹍㹁ࡣ࢜ࣜࣥ ࡢ㢟┠ࡣ ᖺྥࡅ࡚ࡢᥦゝ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊࡑࢀ࡛ࡦࡘ࠾⪺ࡁࡋࡲࡍࠋ㹇㹍㹁ࡣ࢜ࣜࣥ ࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࢳࣕࢿࣝࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊࡶࡋࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢᬑཬࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊࡑࡢ ࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࢳࣕࢿࣝࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊࡶࡋࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢᬑཬࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊࡑࡢ ୰ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ≉ᐃࡢࢳࣕࢿࣝࢆࡘࡃࡗ࡚ࠊ ᖺࡢᮾிࡢ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ ୰ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ≉ᐃࡢࢳࣕࢿࣝࢆࡘࡃࡗ࡚ࠊ ᖺࡢᮾிࡢ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ ࡽࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࢳࣕࢿࣝࢆጞࡵࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡄࡽ࠸ࡣ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࡽ࠸࠸ࢇࡌࡷ࡞࠸࡞ ࡽࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࢳࣕࢿࣝࢆጞࡵࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡄࡽ࠸ࡣ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࡽ࠸࠸ࢇࡌࡷ࡞࠸࡞ ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡅࠊࡑࡢ㎶࠺࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࢆ࠾⪺ࡁࡋࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡅࠊࡑࡢ㎶࠺࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࢆ࠾⪺ࡁࡋࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 㸦ᑠ㸧 ࢻࣝࢸࢵࣃ࣮ඛ⏕ࠊࡢၥ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ఱࡲ࡛ࡢࡈ⤒㦂ࡽࡃఱࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࢆ 㸦ᑠ㸧 ࢻࣝࢸࢵࣃ࣮ඛ⏕ࠊࡢၥ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ఱࡲ࡛ࡢࡈ⤒㦂ࡽࡃఱࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࢆ ࡉࢀࡿⅬ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡉࢀࡿⅬ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ 㸦ࢻࣝࢸࢵࣃ࣮㸧 ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࢳࣕࢿࣝࡣ㹇㹍㹁ࡀࡸࡗ࡚ࡲࡍࠋࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡘ࠸࡚⏦ࡋ 㸦ࢻࣝࢸࢵࣃ࣮㸧 ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࢳࣕࢿࣝࡣ㹇㹍㹁ࡀࡸࡗ࡚ࡲࡍࠋࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡘ࠸࡚⏦ࡋ ࡲࡍࠊࡇࢀࡣ㹇㹎㹁ࡀࡸࡿࡇ࡞ࡢ࡛ࠊࡸࡣࡾ㹇㹎㹁ヰࢆࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡀ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿ ࡲࡍࠊࡇࢀࡣ㹇㹎㹁ࡀࡸࡿࡇ࡞ࡢ࡛ࠊࡸࡣࡾ㹇㹎㹁ヰࢆࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡀ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿ ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ㹇㹍㹁୍⥴㹇㹎㹁ാࡁࡅࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ㹇㹎㹁࡛ࡑࡢࢳࣕࢿ ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ㹇㹍㹁୍⥴㹇㹎㹁ാࡁࡅࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ㹇㹎㹁࡛ࡑࡢࢳࣕࢿ ࣝࢆࢫࢱ࣮ࢺࡋࡓࡽ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࠋ ࣝࢆࢫࢱ࣮ࢺࡋࡓࡽ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࠋ ࡓࡔࠊࣟࣥࢻ࡛ࣥࡣࢳࣕࣥࢿࣝ ࡛࠸ࢁࢇ࡞➇ᢏࡘ࠸࡚㠀ᖖ࠸࠸␒⤌ࢆࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ㌴ ࡓࡔࠊࣟࣥࢻ࡛ࣥࡣࢳࣕࣥࢿࣝ ࡛࠸ࢁࢇ࡞➇ᢏࡘ࠸࡚㠀ᖖ࠸࠸␒⤌ࢆࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ㌴ ࠸ࡍࣂࢫࢣࢵࢺࡢࡼ࠺㠀ᖖேẼࡢ࠶ࡿࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡔࡅࡌࡷ࡞ࡃࠊ࣎ࢵࢳࣕࠊ⬻㞀ᐖࢆᣢࡗ࡚ ࠸ࡍࣂࢫࢣࢵࢺࡢࡼ࠺㠀ᖖேẼࡢ࠶ࡿࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡔࡅࡌࡷ࡞ࡃࠊ࣎ࢵࢳࣕࠊ⬻㞀ᐖࢆᣢࡗ࡚ ࠸ࡿ㑅ᡭࡢ␒⤌ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋኪࡢ␒⤌ࠊ ᪥ࡢືࡁࢆࡲࡵࡿࡼ࠺࡞␒⤌ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࢳࣕࣥ ࠸ࡿ㑅ᡭࡢ␒⤌ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋኪࡢ␒⤌ࠊ ᪥ࡢືࡁࢆࡲࡵࡿࡼ࠺࡞␒⤌ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࢳࣕࣥ ࢿࣝ ࡣ㠀ᖖཧ⪃࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࣐ࢫࢥ࣑ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡽࢀࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡣᴟࡵ ࢿࣝ ࡣ㠀ᖖཧ⪃࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࣐ࢫࢥ࣑ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡽࢀࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡣᴟࡵ ࡚㔜せ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡚㔜せ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡑࢀ௨እࡶ࠸ࢁࢇ࡞ࢳࣕࢿࣝࢆά⏝ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡶ࠶ࡿࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋ ‽ഛẁ㝵࠾࠸࡚ࠋ ࡑࢀ௨እࡶ࠸ࢁࢇ࡞ࢳࣕࢿࣝࢆά⏝ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡶ࠶ࡿࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋ ‽ഛẁ㝵࠾࠸࡚ࠋ ࡛ࡶࡇࡢࢳࣕࢿࣝࡢά⏝࠸࠺ࡢࡣ㠀ᖖ࠸࠸Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡣ㹇㹍㹁ࠊ㹇㹎㹁ࠊ୧᪉ാࡁ ࡛ࡶࡇࡢࢳࣕࢿࣝࡢά⏝࠸࠺ࡢࡣ㠀ᖖ࠸࠸Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡣ㹇㹍㹁ࠊ㹇㹎㹁ࠊ୧᪉ാࡁ ࡅࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㹇㹎㹁ࠊ㹇㹍㹁ࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶ㏣ồࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢺࣛࢵࢡࡀྠࡌ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ ࡅࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㹇㹎㹁ࠊ㹇㹍㹁ࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶ㏣ồࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢺࣛࢵࢡࡀྠࡌ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ ࡛ࠋ ࡛ࠋ 㸦ࣇࣟࢫࢺ㸧 ⚾ࡣ࣓ࢹࡢᑓ㛛ᐙ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡢ࡛ࠊࡇࡢ⫼ᬒࢆ▱ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡛ 㸦ࣇࣟࢫࢺ㸧 ⚾ࡣ࣓ࢹࡢᑓ㛛ᐙ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡢ࡛ࠊࡇࡢ⫼ᬒࢆ▱ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡛ ࡍࡀࠊࡓࡔኚ⯆῝࠸ࡢࡣࠊ㹇㹎㹁ࡣࣛࣈࡢ࢙࢘ࣈࢫࢺ࣮࣒ࣜࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡍࡀࠊࡓࡔኚ⯆῝࠸ࡢࡣࠊ㹇㹎㹁ࡣࣛࣈࡢ࢙࢘ࣈࢫࢺ࣮࣒ࣜࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ࣋ࣥࢺࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ㠀ᖖከࡃࡢࣅࢹ࢜ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊ࣮࢝ࣈධࡗ࡚ ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ࣋ࣥࢺࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ㠀ᖖከࡃࡢࣅࢹ࢜ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊ࣮࢝ࣈධࡗ࡚ ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᮾࢪࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡘ࠸࡚ࡶᩍ࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊᏛ⏕ࡀࣅࢹ࢜ࢆぢ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࢆேࠎ▱ࡗ ᮾࢪࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡘ࠸࡚ࡶᩍ࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊᏛ⏕ࡀࣅࢹ࢜ࢆぢ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࢆேࠎ▱ࡗ ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࡇࡀ㔜せࡔ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࡇࡀ㔜せࡔ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 㸦ᑠ㸧 㹌㹆㹉ࡔ㠀ᖖࡢᅜẚ࡚㝶ศࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ㛵ಀࡢሗ㐨ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᛮ 㸦ᑠ㸧 㹌㹆㹉ࡔ㠀ᖖࡢᅜẚ࡚㝶ศࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ㛵ಀࡢሗ㐨ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᛮ ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࢆᮾி ᖺࡢࡼ࠺ࡉࡽⓎᒎࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡃ࠸࠺ࡇࡣㄢ㢟ࡔ ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࢆᮾி ᖺࡢࡼ࠺ࡉࡽⓎᒎࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡃ࠸࠺ࡇࡣㄢ㢟ࡔ 73 73 ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡡࠋ ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡡࠋ ࡶ࠺ࡦࡘࡣ࠸ࢃࡺࡿࢯ࣮ࢩ࣓ࣕࣝࢹゝ࠸ࡲࡍࠊ࠼ࡤࠊ㑅ᡭࡀ⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡢᦠᖏ࡛Ⓨಙ ࡶ࠺ࡦࡘࡣ࠸ࢃࡺࡿࢯ࣮ࢩ࣓ࣕࣝࢹゝ࠸ࡲࡍࠊ࠼ࡤࠊ㑅ᡭࡀ⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡢᦠᖏ࡛Ⓨಙ ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࠺࡛ࡍࠋࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࡣ⚗ࡌࡽࢀ࡚ࡲࡍࠋ࠸ࢃࡺࡿࢸࣞࣅࢪࣙࣥࡢᶒࠊࢸࣞࣅ ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࠺࡛ࡍࠋࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࡣ⚗ࡌࡽࢀ࡚ࡲࡍࠋ࠸ࢃࡺࡿࢸࣞࣅࢪࣙࣥࡢᶒࠊࢸࣞࣅ ࡛ᨺᫎࡍࡿᶒࡢၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢሗ㐨ࡢ᪉࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡣ㠀ᖖ ࡛ᨺᫎࡍࡿᶒࡢၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢሗ㐨ࡢ᪉࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡣ㠀ᖖ ୍ᐃࡢつไࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ㑅ᡭࡀ⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡢࢳࣕࢿࣝࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚Ⓨಙࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ ୍ᐃࡢつไࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ㑅ᡭࡀ⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡢࢳࣕࢿࣝࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚Ⓨಙࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ ࢆࡢ⛬ᗘㄆࡵࡿࠋ ࡇࢀࡣࢫ࣏ࣥࢧ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡢၥ㢟ࡶ⤡ࢇ࡛㠀ᖖ」㞧࡞ၥ㢟ࡔᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ ࢆࡢ⛬ᗘㄆࡵࡿࠋ ࡇࢀࡣࢫ࣏ࣥࢧ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡢၥ㢟ࡶ⤡ࢇ࡛㠀ᖖ」㞧࡞ၥ㢟ࡔᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࡶࡇࢀࡽࡣ⪃࠼࡚࠸࡞ࡃࡕࡷ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸௦✺ධࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢇࡌࡷ࡞࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲ ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࡶࡇࢀࡽࡣ⪃࠼࡚࠸࡞ࡃࡕࡷ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸௦✺ධࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢇࡌࡷ࡞࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲ ࡍࠋ ࡍࠋ ≉ࡈ㉁ၥࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ≉ࡈ㉁ၥࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ 㸦బ㔝ៅ㍜㸧 ⏘⤒᪂⪺ࡢబ㔝⏦ࡋࡲࡍࠋඛࡽࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺࡢヰࡀฟ࡚࠾ 㸦బ㔝ៅ㍜㸧 ⏘⤒᪂⪺ࡢబ㔝⏦ࡋࡲࡍࠋඛࡽࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺࡢヰࡀฟ࡚࠾ ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊᐇ㝿ၥ㢟ࡋ࡚ࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢬ࣒࠸࠺ࡢࡣ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢬ࣒࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊࡈ ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊᐇ㝿ၥ㢟ࡋ࡚ࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢬ࣒࠸࠺ࡢࡣ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢬ࣒࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊࡈ ࡊ࠸ࡲࡏࢇࠋࡑࢀ࡛ࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢬ࣒ࡢ୰ࡢᖹࡢ⌮ᛕ࠸࠺ࡢࡀࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ୰ࡶࡑࢀࡣ ࡊ࠸ࡲࡏࢇࠋࡑࢀ࡛ࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢬ࣒ࡢ୰ࡢᖹࡢ⌮ᛕ࠸࠺ࡢࡀࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ୰ࡶࡑࢀࡣ ᙜ↛࠶ࡿࡣᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀࡶࠊᐇ㝿ࡑࢀࡀࠊᩥᏐࡉࢀࡿࡇࡣ࡞࠸ᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࡡࠋࣃࣛ ᙜ↛࠶ࡿࡣᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀࡶࠊᐇ㝿ࡑࢀࡀࠊᩥᏐࡉࢀࡿࡇࡣ࡞࠸ᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࡡࠋࣃࣛ ࣜࣥࣆࢬ࣒࠸࠺ࡢࡀࡲࡎ࠶ࡿࡢ࡞࠸ࡢ࠸࠺ࡇࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ࠾⪃࠼ࢆ࠾⪺ࡏ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ ࣜࣥࣆࢬ࣒࠸࠺ࡢࡀࡲࡎ࠶ࡿࡢ࡞࠸ࡢ࠸࠺ࡇࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ࠾⪃࠼ࢆ࠾⪺ࡏ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ ࡑࢀࡽࠊᖹ࠸࠺ࡇ㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ᪉ࡣࡇࢀࢆࡁࡕࡗ᫂ᩥࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ ࡑࢀࡽࠊᖹ࠸࠺ࡇ㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ᪉ࡣࡇࢀࢆࡁࡕࡗ᫂ᩥࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡣࡑࢀࡣ᫂ᩥࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋᅜ㐃࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡఇᡓỴ㆟ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡣࡑࢀࡣ᫂ᩥࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋᅜ㐃࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡఇᡓỴ㆟ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ ᖺࡢࢯࢳ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡀ⤊ࢃࡾࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ┤๓ࣟࢩࡀࢡ࣑༙ࣜᓥ㌷ධࡋࡓ ᖺࡢࢯࢳ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡀ⤊ࢃࡾࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ┤๓ࣟࢩࡀࢡ࣑༙ࣜᓥ㌷ධࡋࡓ ࠸࠺ែࡀ㉳ࡁࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊࡇࢀࡀࡶࡋ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢆ㏻ࡋࡓᙧ࡛ࡢᖹ࠸࠺ᙧ ࠸࠺ែࡀ㉳ࡁࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊࡇࢀࡀࡶࡋ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢆ㏻ࡋࡓᙧ࡛ࡢᖹ࠸࠺ᙧ ࡛࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡅࡤࠊ ࡶࡗព㆑ࡣ㐪ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡞࠸࠺Ẽࡀࡋࡲࡍࡀࠊ ࠸ࡀ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࡛࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡅࡤࠊ ࡶࡗព㆑ࡣ㐪ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡞࠸࠺Ẽࡀࡋࡲࡍࡀࠊ ࠸ࡀ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ 㸦ᑠ㸧 ➨ ࡢ㉁ၥࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡲࡎ⸨⏣ඛ⏕࠺࠸࠺ࡩ࠺࠾⪃࠼ࡀࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢬ࣒࠸ 㸦ᑠ㸧 ➨ ࡢ㉁ၥࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡲࡎ⸨⏣ඛ⏕࠺࠸࠺ࡩ࠺࠾⪃࠼ࡀࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢬ࣒࠸ ࠺ࡢࡣᏑᅾࡍࡿࡢࡋ࡞࠸ࡢࠋࡲࡓࡑࡢⅬࢆ࠺࠾⪃࠼࠸࠺ࡢࢆ࠾⪺ࡁࡋࡓ࠸ᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍ ࠺ࡢࡣᏑᅾࡍࡿࡢࡋ࡞࠸ࡢࠋࡲࡓࡑࡢⅬࢆ࠺࠾⪃࠼࠸࠺ࡢࢆ࠾⪺ࡁࡋࡓ࠸ᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍ ࡀࠋ ࡀࠋ ➨㸰ࡢၥ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡇࢀࡣ㠀ᖖ㞴ࡋ࠸ၥ㢟࡛ࡍࠋ࡞ࡐゝ࠸ࡲࡍࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ ➨㸰ࡢၥ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡇࢀࡣ㠀ᖖ㞴ࡋ࠸ၥ㢟࡛ࡍࠋ࡞ࡐゝ࠸ࡲࡍࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ ࠸࠺ࡢࡣཎⅬࡣᡓத࠶ࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡡࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊࢫࢺ࣮ࢡ࣐ࣥࢹࣅࣝ࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ➨ ḟᡓࡢ ࠸࠺ࡢࡣཎⅬࡣᡓத࠶ࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡡࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊࢫࢺ࣮ࢡ࣐ࣥࢹࣅࣝ࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ➨ ḟᡓࡢ ᡓയ⪅ࠊ㈇യ⪅ࠊ⬨㧊ᦆയ㝈ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊࡑࡢேࡓࡕࡢ㐠ືࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡽጞࡲࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ ᡓയ⪅ࠊ㈇യ⪅ࠊ⬨㧊ᦆയ㝈ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊࡑࡢேࡓࡕࡢ㐠ືࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡽጞࡲࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ ࡘࡲࡾᡓதࡢ≛≅⪅࠸࠺ࡢࡀࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢཎⅬࡔࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࡇࡀ࢜ࣜࣥ ࡘࡲࡾᡓதࡢ≛≅⪅࠸࠺ࡢࡀࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢཎⅬࡔࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࡇࡀ࢜ࣜࣥ ࣆࢵࢡࡢཎⅬࡣࡃ㐪࠺ཎⅬࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࢆ࠺⪃࠼ࡿ࠸࠺ࡢࡣၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ ࣆࢵࢡࡢཎⅬࡣࡃ㐪࠺ཎⅬࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࢆ࠺⪃࠼ࡿ࠸࠺ࡢࡣၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ ࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡗࡓᖹࡢၥ㢟࠸࠺ࡢࡣᴟࡵ࡚㔜࡞ၥ㢟࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊྠࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ ࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡗࡓᖹࡢၥ㢟࠸࠺ࡢࡣᴟࡵ࡚㔜࡞ၥ㢟࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊྠࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡀࡑ࠺࠸࠺Ṕྐⓗ⫼ᬒࢆᣢࡗ࡚Ⓩሙࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ࠸࠺ࡇࢆ⪃࠼ࡲࡍࠊ࡞࡞ࡇࢀࡣ ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡀࡑ࠺࠸࠺Ṕྐⓗ⫼ᬒࢆᣢࡗ࡚Ⓩሙࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ࠸࠺ࡇࢆ⪃࠼ࡲࡍࠊ࡞࡞ࡇࢀࡣ 㞴ࡋ࠸ၥ㢟ࡔࢁ࠺ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡲࡎ⸨⏣ඛ⏕ࠊ࠺ࡒࠋ 㞴ࡋ࠸ၥ㢟ࡔࢁ࠺ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡲࡎ⸨⏣ඛ⏕ࠊ࠺ࡒࠋ 㸦⸨⏣㸧 ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢬ࣒࠸࠺ࡢࡣ࠶ࡿࡢ࠸࠺ࡇࡔࡗࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀࡶࠋ㹇㹎㹁ࡢ࣮࣒࣍ 㸦⸨⏣㸧 ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢬ࣒࠸࠺ࡢࡣ࠶ࡿࡢ࠸࠺ࡇࡔࡗࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀࡶࠋ㹇㹎㹁ࡢ࣮࣒࣍ ࣮࣌ࢪࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࢁࡣࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢬ࣒࠸࠺ゝⴥ࡛ࡣ᭩ࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࡡࠋࡇࢀࡀࣃ ࣮࣌ࢪࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࢁࡣࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢬ࣒࠸࠺ゝⴥ࡛ࡣ᭩ࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࡡࠋࡇࢀࡀࣃ ࣛࣜࣥࣆࢬ࣒ࡔ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡣ᭩ࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡏࢇࠋࡀࠊ࠼ࡤࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ୰ᚰⓗ࡞౯್㸦ࢥ࣭ ࣛࣜࣥࣆࢬ࣒ࡔ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡣ᭩ࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡏࢇࠋࡀࠊ࠼ࡤࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ୰ᚰⓗ࡞౯್㸦ࢥ࣭ ࣂ࣮ࣜࣗ㸧ࡋ࡚ࠊ࢝ࣞࢵࢪࠊࣥࢫࣆ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࠊࢡ࢜ࣜࢸࠊࢹࢱ࣑ࢿ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࠸࠺ゝ ࣂ࣮ࣜࣗ㸧ࡋ࡚ࠊ࢝ࣞࢵࢪࠊࣥࢫࣆ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࠊࢡ࢜ࣜࢸࠊࢹࢱ࣑ࢿ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࠸࠺ゝ ⴥࡀ᭩ࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࢆ᪥ᮏㄒࡋ࡚ㄝ᫂ࡋࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ㞴ࡋ࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀࡶࠊ ⴥࡀ᭩ࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࢆ᪥ᮏㄒࡋ࡚ㄝ᫂ࡋࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ㞴ࡋ࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀࡶࠊ ࡇࢀࡣࠊࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓࢥ࣭ࣂ࣮ࣜࣗࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢඛゝࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡞ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ࡞ ࡇࢀࡣࠊࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓࢥ࣭ࣂ࣮ࣜࣗࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢඛゝࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡞ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ࡞ 74 74 ࢇࡔࡼࠊ࠸࠺ࡇࢆⓙࡉࢇ▱ࡗ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࡀ㠀ᖖ㔜せࡔᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࢇࡔࡼࠊ࠸࠺ࡇࢆⓙࡉࢇ▱ࡗ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࡀ㠀ᖖ㔜せࡔᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢬ࣒࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡣࠊࡍࡄࠊࡘࡃࢀࡿ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡌࡷ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡྠࡌࡼ ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢬ࣒࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡣࠊࡍࡄࠊࡘࡃࢀࡿ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡌࡷ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡྠࡌࡼ ࠺ࠊ㛗࠸ᮇ㛫ࡅ࡚ࡑࡢ୰ࡽฟ࡚ࡃࡿࡶࡢ࡞⚾⮬㌟ࡣ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࠺ࠊ㛗࠸ᮇ㛫ࡅ࡚ࡑࡢ୰ࡽฟ࡚ࡃࡿࡶࡢ࡞⚾⮬㌟ࡣ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 㸦ᑠ㸧 ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢬ࣒ࢆఱࢆࡶࡗ࡚ᐃ⩏ࡍࡿࡼࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࣔࢵࢺ࣮ࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵ 㸦ᑠ㸧 ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢬ࣒ࢆఱࢆࡶࡗ࡚ᐃ⩏ࡍࡿࡼࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࣔࢵࢺ࣮ࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵ ࢡ࣭ࢫࣆࣜࢵࢺ࠸࠺ࡇ࠸࠺ࡩ࠺⪃࠼ࢀࡤࠊࡶ࠺᪤࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁࣔࢵࢺ࣮ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊࣃࣛ ࢡ࣭ࢫࣆࣜࢵࢺ࠸࠺ࡇ࠸࠺ࡩ࠺⪃࠼ࢀࡤࠊࡶ࠺᪤࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁࣔࢵࢺ࣮ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊࣃࣛ ࣜࣥࣆࢬ࣒࠸࠺ࡁࠊ࠸ࡗࡓ࠸ఱࢆࡶࡗ࡚ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢬ࣒ゝ࠺ࡢ࠸࠺ࡇࢆࡸࡣࡾᐃ⩏ ࣜࣥࣆࢬ࣒࠸࠺ࡁࠊ࠸ࡗࡓ࠸ఱࢆࡶࡗ࡚ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢬ࣒ゝ࠺ࡢ࠸࠺ࡇࢆࡸࡣࡾᐃ⩏ ࡋ࡞࠸࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࡣᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡡࠋ ࡋ࡞࠸࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࡣᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡡࠋ ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࣔࢵࢺ࣮ࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢሙྜࡣࡼࡾ㏿ࡃ㸦ࣇ࣮ࢫࢱ࣮㸧ࡼࡾ ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࣔࢵࢺ࣮ࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢሙྜࡣࡼࡾ㏿ࡃ㸦ࣇ࣮ࢫࢱ࣮㸧ࡼࡾ 㧗ࡃ㸦ࣁ࣮㸧ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠋࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢሙྜࡶࠊ࢝ࣞࢵࢪࣔࢵࢺ࣮ࡀ࠶ࡿࢃࡅ 㧗ࡃ㸦ࣁ࣮㸧ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠋࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢሙྜࡶࠊ࢝ࣞࢵࢪࣔࢵࢺ࣮ࡀ࠶ࡿࢃࡅ ࡛ࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡀᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡑࢀࡽࡢࣔࢵࢺ࣮ࡀࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢬ࣒࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ ࡛ࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡀᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡑࢀࡽࡢࣔࢵࢺ࣮ࡀࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢬ࣒࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ ࡢ⢭⚄ࢆయ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑࡢⅬࡣ࠺࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࡢ⢭⚄ࢆయ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑࡢⅬࡣ࠺࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ 㸦⸨⏣㸧 ࢻࣝࢸࢵࣃ࣮ඛ⏕ࡢ࠺ࡀヲࡋ࠸ࢇࡌࡷ࡞࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 㸦⸨⏣㸧 ࢻࣝࢸࢵࣃ࣮ඛ⏕ࡢ࠺ࡀヲࡋ࠸ࢇࡌࡷ࡞࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 㸦ࢻࣝࢸࢵࣃ࣮㸧 ᖺࡢࣂࣝࢭࣟࢼࡢࡁࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢥࣥࢢࣞࢫࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࠊᙜࠊ࢜ 㸦ࢻࣝࢸࢵࣃ࣮㸧 ᖺࡢࣂࣝࢭࣟࢼࡢࡁࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢥࣥࢢࣞࢫࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࠊᙜࠊ࢜ ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢥࣥࢢࣞࢫࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢥࣥࢢࣞࢫࠊ୧᪉࠶ࡗࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࠋࣛࣥࢻ࣮ࣞ࠸࠺㹇㹍㹁 ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢥࣥࢢࣞࢫࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢥࣥࢢࣞࢫࠊ୧᪉࠶ࡗࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࠋࣛࣥࢻ࣮ࣞ࠸࠺㹇㹍㹁 ࡢᙜࡢ㛗ࡀࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢬ࣒࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢬ࣒࠸࠺ࢱࢺ࡛ࣝࢫࣆ࣮ࢳࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢ ࡢᙜࡢ㛗ࡀࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢬ࣒࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢬ࣒࠸࠺ࢱࢺ࡛ࣝࢫࣆ࣮ࢳࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢ ࡘࡢ㛫㐪࠸ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࠊ࡞࠸ࡢ࠸࠺ヰࢆᙼࡣࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢཎ✏ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊぢ࡚ࡳࡿ ࡘࡢ㛫㐪࠸ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࠊ࡞࠸ࡢ࠸࠺ヰࢆᙼࡣࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢཎ✏ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊぢ࡚ࡳࡿ ࠸࠸ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋ ࠸࠸ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋ ᙜࡣࡲࡔࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺࡶᦂ⡛ᮇ࡛ࡍࠋࡋࡋࠊࡑࡢᚋࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡀ ᙜࡣࡲࡔࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺࡶᦂ⡛ᮇ࡛ࡍࠋࡋࡋࠊࡑࡢᚋࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡀ ࢇࢇࡁࡃ⫱ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚ࠊ ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺࢆጞࡵࡼ࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡡࠊ ࢇࢇࡁࡃ⫱ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚ࠊ ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺࢆጞࡵࡼ࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡡࠊ ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺຍ࠼࡚ࠋࡑࡢᚋࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࢫࢡ࣮ࣝࢹ࣮ࡶ࡛ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡘࡲ ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺຍ࠼࡚ࠋࡑࡢᚋࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࢫࢡ࣮ࣝࢹ࣮ࡶ࡛ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡘࡲ ࡾࠊ ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆᏛᰯࡢඣ❺ࡓࡕ࠾⚃࠸ࡋࡼ࠺ẖᖺ㸴᭶ ᪥ࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡾࠊ ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࢆᏛᰯࡢඣ❺ࡓࡕ࠾⚃࠸ࡋࡼ࠺ẖᖺ㸴᭶ ᪥ࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢹ࣮࠸࠺ࡢࡶ࠶ࡾࠊࡇࢀࡣேࡶᏊ౪ࡶ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺࢆ࠾⚃࠸ࡍࡿ᪥ ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢹ࣮࠸࠺ࡢࡶ࠶ࡾࠊࡇࢀࡣேࡶᏊ౪ࡶ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺࢆ࠾⚃࠸ࡍࡿ᪥ ࡀ࠶ࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࠊࡑࢀྠࡌ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࢀࢆໟྵࡍࡿࡢࡀ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࠸࠺ゝⴥ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ࢜ࣜࣥ ࡀ࠶ࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࠊࡑࢀྠࡌ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࢀࢆໟྵࡍࡿࡢࡀ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࠸࠺ゝⴥ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ࢜ࣜࣥ ࣆࢵࢡ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺ࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡢ࠺ࡕࠊࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞㞀ᐖࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿேࡓࡕࢆᑐ㇟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ ࣆࢵࢡ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺ࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡢ࠺ࡕࠊࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞㞀ᐖࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿேࡓࡕࢆᑐ㇟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ ࡀࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࡛ࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡃྠࡌ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡅࢀࡶࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢬ࣒ࡶయ ࡀࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࡛ࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡃྠࡌ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡅࢀࡶࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢬ࣒ࡶయ ࡋ࡚ࡢച࡞ࡿᅜ㝿ࠊ┦⌮ゎࠊࡑࡋ࡚ᖹ࠸࠺࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢬ࣒ࡢ୍㒊ࡔᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡋ࡚ࡢച࡞ࡿᅜ㝿ࠊ┦⌮ゎࠊࡑࡋ࡚ᖹ࠸࠺࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢬ࣒ࡢ୍㒊ࡔᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ඛᅜ㐃ࡢヰࡀฟࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊᅜ㐃ࡶࡇࡢືࡁࢆࡁࡃᨭᣢࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࢥࣇ࣭ࢼࣥᅜ㐃 ඛᅜ㐃ࡢヰࡀฟࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊᅜ㐃ࡶࡇࡢືࡁࢆࡁࡃᨭᣢࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࢥࣇ࣭ࢼࣥᅜ㐃 ົ⥲㛗ࡶࡑ࠺ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࢫࢫࡢ࢜ࢠࢆ㛤Ⓨࠊᖹࡢࡓࡵࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ≉ูࢻࣂࢨ࣮ ົ⥲㛗ࡶࡑ࠺ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࢫࢫࡢ࢜ࢠࢆ㛤Ⓨࠊᖹࡢࡓࡵࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ≉ูࢻࣂࢨ࣮ ࡋ࡚≉ู㢳ၥࡋࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡡࠋࣃ࣭ࣥࢠ࣒ࣥົ⥲㛗࡞ࡗ࡚ࡽࠊࢻࢶࡢ࣒ࣞࢣࢆ≉ู㢳ၥ ࡋ࡚≉ู㢳ၥࡋࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡡࠋࣃ࣭ࣥࢠ࣒ࣥົ⥲㛗࡞ࡗ࡚ࡽࠊࢻࢶࡢ࣒ࣞࢣࢆ≉ู㢳ၥ ᤣ࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊᅜ㐃ࡣ✚ᴟⓗ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺ ᤣ࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊᅜ㐃ࡣ✚ᴟⓗ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺ 㛵ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡀࢃࡾࡲࡍࠋ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ⌮ᛕࡢࡦࡘࡣᡓதࢆ࡞ࡃࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇ 㛵ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡀࢃࡾࡲࡍࠋ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ⌮ᛕࡢࡦࡘࡣᡓதࢆ࡞ࡃࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇ ࡛ࡍࡅࢀࡶࠊࣃ࣭ࣥࢠ࣒ࣥࡸ࣒ࣞࢣࡢⓎゝࢆ⪺ࡁࡲࡍࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺ㠀ᖖ ࡛ࡍࡅࢀࡶࠊࣃ࣭ࣥࢠ࣒ࣥࡸ࣒ࣞࢣࡢⓎゝࢆ⪺ࡁࡲࡍࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺ㠀ᖖ ✚ᴟⓗࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡾࡲࡍࠋ ᖺྥࡅࡓ㛤Ⓨ┠ᶆࡢ㆟ㄽࡢ୰࡛ࡶࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ㛤 ✚ᴟⓗࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡾࡲࡍࠋ ᖺྥࡅࡓ㛤Ⓨ┠ᶆࡢ㆟ㄽࡢ୰࡛ࡶࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ㛤 Ⓨࠊᖹ࠾ࡅࡿᙺ࠸࠺ࡢࡀࣁࣛࢺࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ Ⓨࠊᖹ࠾ࡅࡿᙺ࠸࠺ࡢࡀࣁࣛࢺࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡛ࡍࡢ࡛ࠊࡇࢀࡣࡦࡘࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡔ࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺ࠸࠺ ࡛ࡍࡢ࡛ࠊࡇࢀࡣࡦࡘࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡔ࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺ࠸࠺ ⪃࠼᪉ࡣࠊࡇࡢ ᖺࡢ㛫ฟ࡚ࡁࡓⱝ࠸⪃࠼᪉࡛ࠊ⫱࡚࡚࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ ⪃࠼᪉ࡣࠊࡇࡢ ᖺࡢ㛫ฟ࡚ࡁࡓⱝ࠸⪃࠼᪉࡛ࠊ⫱࡚࡚࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ 75 75 ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡑࢀࡽ᭱ᚋ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡓ࠸ࡢࡣࠊࢫࢺ࣮ࢡ࣐ࣥࢹࣅࣝ㝔࡛㏥ᙺ㌷ேࡀጞࡵࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ ࡑࢀࡽ᭱ᚋ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡓ࠸ࡢࡣࠊࢫࢺ࣮ࢡ࣐ࣥࢹࣅࣝ㝔࡛㏥ᙺ㌷ேࡀጞࡵࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ ࡶࠊࠊ࣮࣊ࣥࣜ⋤Ꮚࡀࣦࣥࢡࢱࢫࢤ࣮࣒ࢆദࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣࢠࣜࢫࡢ㏥ᙺ㌷ேࢆᑐ ࡶࠊࠊ࣮࣊ࣥࣜ⋤Ꮚࡀࣦࣥࢡࢱࢫࢤ࣮࣒ࢆദࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣࢠࣜࢫࡢ㏥ᙺ㌷ேࢆᑐ ㇟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡅࢀࡶࠊ࢝ࢼࢲࡽࡶ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡽࡶཧຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡘ࠸࡚㹇㹎㹁ࡀព ㇟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡅࢀࡶࠊ࢝ࢼࢲࡽࡶ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡽࡶཧຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡘ࠸࡚㹇㹎㹁ࡀព ぢࢆồࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋ㹇㹎㹁ࡣవࡾࡇࢀࢆ࠸࠸ࡇࡔᛮࡗ࡚࡞࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ࡞ࡐゝ࠺ࠊࣃࣛࣜ ぢࢆồࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋ㹇㹎㹁ࡣవࡾࡇࢀࢆ࠸࠸ࡇࡔᛮࡗ࡚࡞࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ࡞ࡐゝ࠺ࠊࣃࣛࣜ ࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺࡢ࢜ࣜࢪࣥྠࡌ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡋࠊࡇࡢ୪⾜ⓗࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ ࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺࡢ࢜ࣜࢪࣥྠࡌ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡋࠊࡇࡢ୪⾜ⓗࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓ࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ ࣥࢺࡀ㉳ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺⌧ᐇࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊฟ࡚ࡁࡓ᪂ࡋ࠸ືࡁࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡀ࠺࡞ࡗ ࣥࢺࡀ㉳ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺⌧ᐇࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊฟ࡚ࡁࡓ᪂ࡋ࠸ືࡁࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡀ࠺࡞ࡗ ࡚࠸ࡃࡢࠊ㛵ᚰࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡚࠸ࡃࡢࠊ㛵ᚰࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 76 76 閉会の挨拶 閉会の挨拶 小倉 和夫 小倉 和夫 日本財団パラリンピック研究会代表 日本財団パラリンピック研究会代表 青山学院大学特別招聘教授 青山学院大学特別招聘教授 㸦ᑠ㸧 ᪥ࡢࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࢆࡲࡵࡿࡘࡶࡾࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ୍ᛂࠊ㛢ࡢ㎡ࡶවࡡࡲࡋ୍࡚ 㸦ᑠ㸧 ᪥ࡢࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࢆࡲࡵࡿࡘࡶࡾࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ୍ᛂࠊ㛢ࡢ㎡ࡶවࡡࡲࡋ୍࡚ ゝࡔࡅ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍࠋ ゝࡔࡅ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍࠋ ᪥ࡢࡸࡣࡾࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࡢ㢟ࡣࠊࣥࢡ࣮ࣝࢩࣈࢿࢫࣥࢡ࣮ࣝࢪࣙࣥ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡾ ᪥ࡢࡸࡣࡾࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࡢ㢟ࡣࠊࣥࢡ࣮ࣝࢩࣈࢿࢫࣥࢡ࣮ࣝࢪࣙࣥ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡾ ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀ࡛ࠊࡇࡢࣥࢡ࣮ࣝࢪࣙࣥ࠸࠺ࡢࡣ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡸࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࠸࠺ࢥࣥࢸࢡ ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀ࡛ࠊࡇࡢࣥࢡ࣮ࣝࢪࣙࣥ࠸࠺ࡢࡣ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡸࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࠸࠺ࢥࣥࢸࢡ ࢫࢺࡢ୰࡛⪃࠼ࡲࡍࠊ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡶᖖ⪅ࡶࡳࢇ࡞ᴦࡋࡵࡿ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࠊྠⱝ࠸ேࡶᖺࡗࡓ ࢫࢺࡢ୰࡛⪃࠼ࡲࡍࠊ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡶᖖ⪅ࡶࡳࢇ࡞ᴦࡋࡵࡿ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࠊྠⱝ࠸ேࡶᖺࡗࡓ ேࡶᴦࡋࡵࡿ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࠊཧຍࡣ࡞࡞࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊᴦࡋࡵࡿ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࠋ ேࡶᴦࡋࡵࡿ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࠊཧຍࡣ࡞࡞࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊᴦࡋࡵࡿ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࠋ ࡑࢀࡽࠊᅜ㝿ⓗゝ࠼ࡤࠊ㈋ࡋ࠸ᅜࡶ㇏࡞ᅜࡶඹཧຍࡋ࡚ᴦࡋࡵࡿ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺ ࡑࢀࡽࠊᅜ㝿ⓗゝ࠼ࡤࠊ㈋ࡋ࠸ᅜࡶ㇏࡞ᅜࡶඹཧຍࡋ࡚ᴦࡋࡵࡿ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺ ࡳࢇ࡞ࡢ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡀᐇࡣࣥࢡ࣮ࣝࢩࣈࢿࢫࠊࣥࢡ࣮ࣝࢪࣙࣥ࠸࠺ゝ ࡳࢇ࡞ࡢ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡀᐇࡣࣥࢡ࣮ࣝࢩࣈࢿࢫࠊࣥࢡ࣮ࣝࢪࣙࣥ࠸࠺ゝ ⴥࡀ㘽࡛࠶ࡿࡍࢀࡤࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡᮾி ᖺࡣࡳࢇ࡞ࡢ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࡛࠶ࡿ ⴥࡀ㘽࡛࠶ࡿࡍࢀࡤࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡᮾி ᖺࡣࡳࢇ࡞ࡢ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࡛࠶ࡿ ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࡢࡳࢇ࡞࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡢᅜෆ࡛ࡢࡳࢇ࡞ࠊዪᛶࡶࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊ ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࡢࡳࢇ࡞࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡢᅜෆ࡛ࡢࡳࢇ࡞ࠊዪᛶࡶࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊ ᖺ㓄⪅ࡶⱝ࠸ேࡶࠊ ࡳࢇ࡞ࠊ ࠶ࡿព࡛ࡣཧຍព㆑ࢆᣢ࡚ࡿࡼ࠺࡞࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡔ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ ᖺ㓄⪅ࡶⱝ࠸ேࡶࠊ ࡳࢇ࡞ࠊ ࠶ࡿព࡛ࡣཧຍព㆑ࢆᣢ࡚ࡿࡼ࠺࡞࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡔ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ ྠࠊᅜ㝿ⓗࡶከࡃࡢᅜࡗ࡚ࡶ᭷ព⩏⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾ ྠࠊᅜ㝿ⓗࡶከࡃࡢᅜࡗ࡚ࡶ᭷ព⩏⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾ ࡲࡏࢇࠋࡑ࠺࠸࠺ព࡛ࠊᗈ࠸ព࡛ࡢࡳࢇ࡞ࡢ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊࡇࡢ ࡲࡏࢇࠋࡑ࠺࠸࠺ព࡛ࠊᗈ࠸ព࡛ࡢࡳࢇ࡞ࡢ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊࡇࡢ ᪥ࡢࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࡢࢸ࣮࣐ࡢඹ⏕࠸࠺ࡇࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢆ⤖ࡧࡘࡅࡿࡇ ᪥ࡢࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࡢࢸ࣮࣐ࡢඹ⏕࠸࠺ࡇࠊ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࠊࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢆ⤖ࡧࡘࡅࡿࡇ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࢀࡣゝ࠺ࡣ᫆ࡋࠊ⾜࠺ࡣ㞴ࡋࠊ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊ᪥ࡣࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࠊ ࡇࢀࡣゝ࠺ࡣ᫆ࡋࠊ⾜࠺ࡣ㞴ࡋࠊ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊ᪥ࡣࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࠊ ඹࠊඹ⏕ࡢ⢭⚄࡛࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢆࡸࡿࡋࡓࡽࠊఱࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࢆᚋࠊ᪥ᮏࡶୡ⏺ࡶ ඹࠊඹ⏕ࡢ⢭⚄࡛࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢆࡸࡿࡋࡓࡽࠊఱࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࢆᚋࠊ᪥ᮏࡶୡ⏺ࡶ ⪃࠼࡚࠸࡞ࡃࡕࡷ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࢇࡌࡷ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇࢆ᭱ᚋࡢࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔ࠸࡚ࠊ᪥ ⪃࠼࡚࠸࡞ࡃࡕࡷ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࢇࡌࡷ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇࢆ᭱ᚋࡢࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔ࠸࡚ࠊ᪥ ࡢࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࡢ⤊ࢃࡾࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࠺ࡶ࠶ࡾࡀ࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡢࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࡢ⤊ࢃࡾࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࠺ࡶ࠶ࡾࡀ࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ 77 77 Ⓩቭ⪅ࣉࣟࣇ࣮ࣝ㸦ᥖ㍕㡰㸧 Ⓩቭ⪅ࣉࣟࣇ࣮ࣝ㸦ᥖ㍕㡰㸧 㟷ᮌಖ㸦7DPRWVX$2.,㸧 㟷ᮌಖ㸦7DPRWVX$2.,㸧 ᅜ❧᪂⨾⾡㤋㤋㛗ࠋ㜰Ꮫே㛫⛉Ꮫ༤ኈࠋᑓ㛛ࡣࠊᩥே㢮Ꮫࠊᩥᨻ⟇◊✲ࠋ㜰 ᅜ❧᪂⨾⾡㤋㤋㛗ࠋ㜰Ꮫே㛫⛉Ꮫ༤ኈࠋᑓ㛛ࡣࠊᩥே㢮Ꮫࠊᩥᨻ⟇◊✲ࠋ㜰 ᏛᩍᤵࠊᮾிᏛᩍᤵࠊᨻ⟇◊✲Ꮫ㝔Ꮫᩍᤵࠊ᪩✄⏣Ꮫࢪ◊✲ᶵᵓᩍᤵࠊ㟷ᒣ ᏛᩍᤵࠊᮾிᏛᩍᤵࠊᨻ⟇◊✲Ꮫ㝔Ꮫᩍᤵࠊ᪩✄⏣Ꮫࢪ◊✲ᶵᵓᩍᤵࠊ㟷ᒣ Ꮫ㝔Ꮫ⥲ྜᩥᨻ⟇Ꮫ◊✲⛉≉௵ᩍᤵ➼ࢆ⤒࡚ࠊ ᖺࡼࡾ⌧⫋ࠋ ᖺࡼࡾ ᖺ Ꮫ㝔Ꮫ⥲ྜᩥᨻ⟇Ꮫ◊✲⛉≉௵ᩍᤵ➼ࢆ⤒࡚ࠊ ᖺࡼࡾ⌧⫋ࠋ ᖺࡼࡾ ᖺ ࡲ࡛ᩥᗇ㛗ᐁࢆົࡵࡿࠋ ᖺ⣸⥓〔❶ࢆཷ❶ࠋⴭసࠗ♩ࡢ㇟ᚩᛶ࠘ 㸦ࢧࣥࢺࣜ ࡲ࡛ᩥᗇ㛗ᐁࢆົࡵࡿࠋ ᖺ⣸⥓〔❶ࢆཷ❶ࠋⴭసࠗ♩ࡢ㇟ᚩᛶ࠘ 㸦ࢧࣥࢺࣜ ࣮Ꮫⱁ㈹㸧 ࠊ ࠗ ࠕ᪥ᮏᩥㄽࠖࡢኚᐜ࠘ 㸦ྜྷ㔝స㐀㈹㸧 ࠊ ࠗ㏫ගࡢ࢚࢜ࣜࣥࢱࣜࢬ࣒࠘ ࠗ␗ᩥ⌮ ࣮Ꮫⱁ㈹㸧 ࠊ ࠗ ࠕ᪥ᮏᩥㄽࠖࡢኚᐜ࠘ 㸦ྜྷ㔝స㐀㈹㸧 ࠊ ࠗ㏫ගࡢ࢚࢜ࣜࣥࢱࣜࢬ࣒࠘ ࠗ␗ᩥ⌮ ゎ࠘ ࠊ ࠗసᐙࡣ⛣ືࡍࡿ࠘ ࠊ ࠗ ࠕᩥຊࠖࡢ௦࠘࡞ከᩘࠋ ゎ࠘ ࠊ ࠗసᐙࡣ⛣ືࡍࡿ࠘ ࠊ ࠗ ࠕᩥຊࠖࡢ௦࠘࡞ከᩘࠋ ࢢࢻ࣭ࣝࣥࢻࣝࢸࢵࣃ࣮㸦*XGUXQ'2//7(33(5㸧 ࢢࢻ࣭ࣝࣥࢻࣝࢸࢵࣃ࣮㸦*XGUXQ'2//7(33(5㸧 ࢻࢶ࣋ࣝࣜࣥ⮬⏤Ꮫᩍᤵ࠾ࡼࡧࢻࢶ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ㐃┕㛗ࠋࡑࡢࠊḢ ࢻࢶ࣋ࣝࣜࣥ⮬⏤Ꮫᩍᤵ࠾ࡼࡧࢻࢶ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ㐃┕㛗ࠋࡑࡢࠊḢ ᕞࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ⛉ᏛᏛᐈဨ◊✲ဨࠊࢻࢶ :LOOL'DXPH ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࢝ࢹ࣑࣮㛗ࢆົࡵ ᕞࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ⛉ᏛᏛᐈဨ◊✲ဨࠊࢻࢶ :LOOL'DXPH ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࢝ࢹ࣑࣮㛗ࢆົࡵ ࡿࠋᅜ㝿ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ⛉Ꮫ࣭య⫱ᩍ⫱ᑂ㆟㸦,&663(㸧๓㛗ࠋᅜ㝿ࢲࣉࢸࢵࢻ㌟యάື◊ ࡿࠋᅜ㝿ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ⛉Ꮫ࣭య⫱ᩍ⫱ᑂ㆟㸦,&663(㸧๓㛗ࠋᅜ㝿ࢲࣉࢸࢵࢻ㌟యάື◊ ✲㐃┕㸦,)$3$㸧๓㛗ࠋࢽ࣮ࣗࣇࣥࢻࣛࣥࢻ࣓ࣔࣜࣝᏛ㸦࢝ࢼࢲ㸧࠾ࡼࡧ࣮ࣝ࣋ࣥ ✲㐃┕㸦,)$3$㸧๓㛗ࠋࢽ࣮ࣗࣇࣥࢻࣛࣥࢻ࣓ࣔࣜࣝᏛ㸦࢝ࢼࢲ㸧࠾ࡼࡧ࣮ࣝ࣋ࣥ ࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢡᏛ㸦࣋ࣝࢠ࣮㸧࡚ྡἲᏛ༤ኈྕᤵࠋ),(3 య⫱ᩍ⫱ྡࢦ࣮ࣝࢻࢡࣟࢫࠊ ࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢡᏛ㸦࣋ࣝࢠ࣮㸧࡚ྡἲᏛ༤ኈྕᤵࠋ),(3 య⫱ᩍ⫱ྡࢦ࣮ࣝࢻࢡࣟࢫࠊ ᅜ㝿ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡጤဨࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣮࢜ࢲ࣮࡞ࠊᅜෆእ࡛ࡢཷ㈹ከᩘࠋࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ ᅜ㝿ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡጤဨࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣮࢜ࢲ࣮࡞ࠊᅜෆእ࡛ࡢཷ㈹ከᩘࠋࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ ⛉Ꮫࠊ ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᩍ⫱Ꮫࠊ 㞀ᐖ⪅ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶάື㛵ࡍࡿ ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ༢ⴭ࠾ࡼࡧඹⴭࢆᣢࡘࠋ ⛉Ꮫࠊ ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᩍ⫱Ꮫࠊ 㞀ᐖ⪅ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶάື㛵ࡍࡿ ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ༢ⴭ࠾ࡼࡧඹⴭࢆᣢࡘࠋ ⸨⏣ ⣖㸦0RWRDNL)8-,7$㸧 ⸨⏣ ⣖㸦0RWRDNL)8-,7$㸧 ྠᚿ♫Ꮫࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᗣ⛉Ꮫ㒊ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᗣᏛ⛉ᩍᤵࠋᑓ㛛ࡣࠊయ⫱Ꮫࠊ㞀ᐖ⪅ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ ྠᚿ♫Ꮫࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᗣ⛉Ꮫ㒊ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᗣᏛ⛉ᩍᤵࠋᑓ㛛ࡣࠊయ⫱Ꮫࠊ㞀ᐖ⪅ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ ㄽࠋ⟃ἼᏛᏛ㝔య⫱◊✲⛉ಟࠋᚨᓥᩥ⌮Ꮫᑓ௵ㅮᖌࠊ᪥ᮏ⚟♴Ꮫ♫⚟♴Ꮫ㒊 ㄽࠋ⟃ἼᏛᏛ㝔య⫱◊✲⛉ಟࠋᚨᓥᩥ⌮Ꮫᑓ௵ㅮᖌࠊ᪥ᮏ⚟♴Ꮫ♫⚟♴Ꮫ㒊 ᑓ௵ㅮᖌࠊຓᩍᤵࠊᩍᤵࠊࣛࣇࣂࣛᏛ㸦ⱥᅜ㸧ᐈဨ◊✲ဨࢆṔ௵ࡋࠊ ᖺࡼࡾ⌧⫋ࠋ ᑓ௵ㅮᖌࠊຓᩍᤵࠊᩍᤵࠊࣛࣇࣂࣛᏛ㸦ⱥᅜ㸧ᐈဨ◊✲ဨࢆṔ௵ࡋࠊ ᖺࡼࡾ⌧⫋ࠋ ෆ㛶ᗓ㞀ᐖ⪅ᨻ⟇ጤဨᑓ㛛ጤဨࢆ⤒࡚ࠊ⌧ᅾࠊ᪥ᮏ㞀ࡀ࠸⪅ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ༠ᢏ⾡ጤဨ ෆ㛶ᗓ㞀ᐖ⪅ᨻ⟇ጤဨᑓ㛛ጤဨࢆ⤒࡚ࠊ⌧ᅾࠊ᪥ᮏ㞀ࡀ࠸⪅ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ༠ᢏ⾡ጤဨ ጤဨ㛗ࠊ ᪥ᮏ㞀ࡀ࠸⪅ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ༠㞀ࡀ࠸⪅ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᣦᑟ⪅༠㆟◊ಟ㒊㛗ࢆົࡵࡿࠋ ጤဨ㛗ࠊ ᪥ᮏ㞀ࡀ࠸⪅ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ༠㞀ࡀ࠸⪅ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᣦᑟ⪅༠㆟◊ಟ㒊㛗ࢆົࡵࡿࠋ ࠗ㞀ᐖ⪅ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ⎔ቃྍ⬟ᛶ࠘ 㸦༢ⴭࠊᩥ⏬ ᖺ㸧 ࠗ㞀ᐖ⪅ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ⎔ቃྍ⬟ᛶ࠘ 㸦༢ⴭࠊᩥ⏬ ᖺ㸧 ᒣཱྀ ᣅ㸦7DNX<$0$*8&+,㸧 ᒣཱྀ ᣅ㸦7DNX<$0$*8&+,㸧 ⟃ἼᏛయ⫱⣔ຓᩍࠋᑓ㛛ࡣᅜ㝿㛤ⓎᏛࠋྠᚿ♫ᏛᏛ㝔⥲ྜᨻ⟇⛉Ꮫ◊✲⛉බඹᨻ⟇ ⟃ἼᏛయ⫱⣔ຓᩍࠋᑓ㛛ࡣᅜ㝿㛤ⓎᏛࠋྠᚿ♫ᏛᏛ㝔⥲ྜᨻ⟇⛉Ꮫ◊✲⛉බඹᨻ⟇ ࢥ࣮ࢫಟࠋ132 ἲேࣁ࣮ࢺ࣭࢜ࣈ࣭ࢦ࣮ࣝࢻ⌮࣭ົᡤ㛗ࠊ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ⋤ᅜ࣭ࣥࢥ ࢥ࣮ࢫಟࠋ132 ἲேࣁ࣮ࢺ࣭࢜ࣈ࣭ࢦ࣮ࣝࢻ⌮࣭ົᡤ㛗ࠊ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ⋤ᅜ࣭ࣥࢥ ࣮ࣝ࣡ࢵࢺᅜ㝿ࣁ࣮ࣇ࣐ࣛࢯࣥ࣋ࣥࢺ࣭ࢹࣞࢡࢱ࣮ࠊ-,&$ ⲡࡢ᰿ᢏ⾡༠ຊᴗࠕ࢝ࣥ ࣮ࣝ࣡ࢵࢺᅜ㝿ࣁ࣮ࣇ࣐ࣛࢯࣥ࣋ࣥࢺ࣭ࢹࣞࢡࢱ࣮ࠊ-,&$ ⲡࡢ᰿ᢏ⾡༠ຊᴗࠕ࢝ࣥ ࣎ࢪ⋤ᅜᑠᏛᰯయ⫱⛉ᩍ⫱ᨭࠖࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࣐ࢿ࣮ࢪ࣮ࣕ࡞ࢆ⤒࡚ࠊ ᖺࡼࡾ⌧ ࣎ࢪ⋤ᅜᑠᏛᰯయ⫱⛉ᩍ⫱ᨭࠖࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࣐ࢿ࣮ࢪ࣮ࣕ࡞ࢆ⤒࡚ࠊ ᖺࡼࡾ⌧ ⫋ࠋ⌧ᅾࠊ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ⋤ᅜ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡጤဨ㢳ၥࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࣭ࣇ࢛࣮࣭ࢺ࣮࣭ࣔࣟࢥ ⫋ࠋ⌧ᅾࠊ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ⋤ᅜ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡጤဨ㢳ၥࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࣭ࣇ࢛࣮࣭ࢺ࣮࣭ࣔࣟࢥ ࣥࢯ࣮ࢩ࣒㢳ၥࡶົࡵࡿࠋ ࣥࢯ࣮ࢩ࣒㢳ၥࡶົࡵࡿࠋ 78 78 ࣟࣅ࣭ࣥࢣࢵࢺࣜࣥࢫ࣮࢟ 5RELQ.,(7/,16., ࣟࣅ࣭ࣥࢣࢵࢺࣜࣥࢫ࣮࢟ 5RELQ.,(7/,16., ࢽ࣮࣮ࣗࣚࢡᕷ❧Ꮫ࣮ࣛ࢞ࢹࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࣭࢝ࣞࢵࢪᩍᤵ㸦ṔྐᏛ㸧 ࠋ༤ኈྕ㸦࣌ ࢽ࣮࣮ࣗࣚࢡᕷ❧Ꮫ࣮ࣛ࢞ࢹࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࣭࢝ࣞࢵࢪᩍᤵ㸦ṔྐᏛ㸧 ࠋ༤ኈྕ㸦࣌ ࣥࢩࣝ࣋ࢽᏛ㸧 ࠋᑓ㛛ࡣᮾࢪ◊✲ࠋ◊✲ࢸ࣮࣐ࡣࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ♫࠾ࡅࡿṔྐⓗព ࣥࢩࣝ࣋ࢽᏛ㸧 ࠋᑓ㛛ࡣᮾࢪ◊✲ࠋ◊✲ࢸ࣮࣐ࡣࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ♫࠾ࡅࡿṔྐⓗព ⩏ࠋ-DSDQHVH:RPHQDQG6SRUW%H\RQG%DVHEDOODQG6XPR㸦᪥ᮏዪᛶࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ㸸㔝⌫ ⩏ࠋ-DSDQHVH:RPHQDQG6SRUW%H\RQG%DVHEDOODQG6XPR㸦᪥ᮏዪᛶࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ㸸㔝⌫ ┦᧞ࡢ࠶ࡿࡶࡢ㸧 㸦༢ⴭࠊ%ORRPVEXU\$FDGHPLFࠊ㸧࡞ࠋ ┦᧞ࡢ࠶ࡿࡶࡢ㸧 㸦༢ⴭࠊ%ORRPVEXU\$FDGHPLFࠊ㸧࡞ࠋ ࢹࢽࢫ࣭-࣭ࣇࣟࢫࢺ㸦'HQQLV-)5267㸧 ࢹࢽࢫ࣭-࣭ࣇࣟࢫࢺ㸦'HQQLV-)5267㸧 ࣐࢝ࣛࢬ࣮Ꮫᮾࢪ♫⛉Ꮫ㒊ᩍᤵࠋ༤ኈྕ㸦ࢥࣟࣥࣅᏛ㸧 ࠋ᪥ᮏࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶⴭ ࣐࢝ࣛࢬ࣮Ꮫᮾࢪ♫⛉Ꮫ㒊ᩍᤵࠋ༤ኈྕ㸦ࢥࣟࣥࣅᏛ㸧 ࠋ᪥ᮏࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶⴭ ྡேࡢṔྐࢆ⥛ࡗࡓ 6HHLQJ6WDUV6SRUWV&HOHEULW\,GHQWLW\DQG%RG\&XOWXUHLQ ྡேࡢṔྐࢆ⥛ࡗࡓ 6HHLQJ6WDUV6SRUWV&HOHEULW\,GHQWLW\DQG%RG\&XOWXUHLQ 0RGHUQ-DSDQ㸦༢ⴭࠊ+DUYDUG(DVW$VLDQ0RQRJUDSKVࠊ㸧࡞ࠋ⌧ᅾࠊ᪥ᮏ࠾ࡅ 0RGHUQ-DSDQ㸦༢ⴭࠊ+DUYDUG(DVW$VLDQ0RQRJUDSKVࠊ㸧࡞ࠋ⌧ᅾࠊ᪥ᮏ࠾ࡅ ࡿࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺ㞀ᐖ⪅ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢṔྐ㛵ࡍࡿᮏࢆᇳ➹୰ࠋ ࡿࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭࣒࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺ㞀ᐖ⪅ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢṔྐ㛵ࡍࡿᮏࢆᇳ➹୰ࠋ 㣤➲ బ௦Ꮚ㸦6D\RNR,,=$6$㸧 㣤➲ బ௦Ꮚ㸦6D\RNR,,=$6$㸧 㟷ᒣᏛ㝔Ꮫ♫㐃ᦠᶵᵓᅜ㝿ὶඹྠ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᐈဨ◊✲ဨࠊ ᮾᩥᏛᅬᏛᩍᤵࠋ 㟷ᒣᏛ㝔Ꮫ♫㐃ᦠᶵᵓᅜ㝿ὶඹྠ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᐈဨ◊✲ဨࠊ ᮾᩥᏛᅬᏛᩍᤵࠋ ୍ᶫᏛ༤ኈ㸦♫Ꮫ㸧 ࠋᑓ㛛ࡣከᩥ♫ㄽࠊࢩࢸࢬࣥࢩࢵࣉ◊✲ࠋ ࠗࢩࢸࢬࣥࢩࢵ ୍ᶫᏛ༤ኈ㸦♫Ꮫ㸧 ࠋᑓ㛛ࡣከᩥ♫ㄽࠊࢩࢸࢬࣥࢩࢵࣉ◊✲ࠋ ࠗࢩࢸࢬࣥࢩࢵ ࣉከᩥᅜᐙ㸫࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜࡽㄞࡳゎࡃ࠘ 㸦༢ⴭࠊ᪥ᮏ⤒῭ホㄽ♫ ᖺ㸧 ࠊ ࠗ⛣ື ࣉከᩥᅜᐙ㸫࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜࡽㄞࡳゎࡃ࠘ 㸦༢ⴭࠊ᪥ᮏ⤒῭ホㄽ♫ ᖺ㸧 ࠊ ࠗ⛣ື ࠸࠺⤒㦂㸫᪥ᮏ࠾ࡅࡿ⛣Ẹ◊✲ࡢㄢ㢟࠘ 㸦ඹⴭࠊ᭷ಙᇽ ᖺ㸧࡞ࠋ ࠸࠺⤒㦂㸫᪥ᮏ࠾ࡅࡿ⛣Ẹ◊✲ࡢㄢ㢟࠘ 㸦ඹⴭࠊ᭷ಙᇽ ᖺ㸧࡞ࠋ ᑠ ኵ㸦.D]XR2*285$㸧 ᑠ ኵ㸦.D]XR2*285$㸧 ᪥ᮏ㈈ᅋࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ◊✲௦⾲࠾ࡼࡧ᪥ᮏ㈈ᅋࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࢭࣥࢱ࣮⌮ ᪥ᮏ㈈ᅋࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ◊✲௦⾲࠾ࡼࡧ᪥ᮏ㈈ᅋࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࢭࣥࢱ࣮⌮ 㛗ࠋ㟷ᒣᏛ㝔Ꮫ≉ูᣍ⪸ᩍᤵࠋᮾிᏛἲᏛ㒊༞ࠋ ᖺእົ┬ධ┬ࠋ㥔࣋ࢺࢼ࣒࣭㡑ᅜ࣭ 㛗ࠋ㟷ᒣᏛ㝔Ꮫ≉ูᣍ⪸ᩍᤵࠋᮾிᏛἲᏛ㒊༞ࠋ ᖺእົ┬ධ┬ࠋ㥔࣋ࢺࢼ࣒࣭㡑ᅜ࣭ ࣇࣛࣥࢫࠊ⊂❧⾜ᨻἲேᅜ㝿ὶᇶ㔠⌮㛗ࠊᮾி ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵ ࣇࣛࣥࢫࠊ⊂❧⾜ᨻἲேᅜ㝿ὶᇶ㔠⌮㛗ࠊᮾி ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵ ࢡᣍ⮴ጤဨホ㆟ົ⥲㛗ࢆ⤒࡚ࠊ⌧⫋ࠋ ࢡᣍ⮴ጤဨホ㆟ົ⥲㛗ࢆ⤒࡚ࠊ⌧⫋ࠋ ᅵᒣ ᐿ⏨㸦-LWVXR768&+,<$0$㸧 ᅵᒣ ᐿ⏨㸦-LWVXR768&+,<$0$㸧 㟷ᒣᏛ㝔Ꮫ♫㐃ᦠᶵᵓᅜ㝿ὶඹྠ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᡤ㛗ࠊ ྠᏛᅜ㝿ᨻ⤒῭Ꮫ㒊ᩍᤵࠋ 㟷ᒣᏛ㝔Ꮫ♫㐃ᦠᶵᵓᅜ㝿ὶඹྠ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᡤ㛗ࠊ ྠᏛᅜ㝿ᨻ⤒῭Ꮫ㒊ᩍᤵࠋ ྠᏛ๓Ꮫ㛗ࠋ ࣓࣮ࣜࣛࣥࢻᏛ 3K'ࠋ ᑓ㛛ࡣᏳಖ㞀ࠋ ,QVWLWXWLRQDOL]LQJ1RUWKHDVW ྠᏛ๓Ꮫ㛗ࠋ ࣓࣮ࣜࣛࣥࢻᏛ 3K'ࠋ ᑓ㛛ࡣᏳಖ㞀ࠋ ,QVWLWXWLRQDOL]LQJ1RUWKHDVW $VLD5HJLRQDO6WHSV7RZDUGV*OREDO*RYHUQDQFH ඹ⦅ࠊ8QLWHG1DWLRQV8QLYHUVLW\3UHVVࠊ $VLD5HJLRQDO6WHSV7RZDUGV*OREDO*RYHUQDQFH ඹ⦅ࠊ8QLWHG1DWLRQV8QLYHUVLW\3UHVVࠊ ࠊ ࠗᏳಖ㞀ࡢᅜ㝿ᨻᏛ䯍↔ࡾഫࡾ࠘ 㸦➨∧㸧 㸦༢ⴭࠊ᭷ᩫ㛶 ᖺ㸧࡞ࠋ ࠊ ࠗᏳಖ㞀ࡢᅜ㝿ᨻᏛ䯍↔ࡾഫࡾ࠘ 㸦➨∧㸧 㸦༢ⴭࠊ᭷ᩫ㛶 ᖺ㸧࡞ࠋ 79 79 ஒ৾প৾ভ৴ਃଡবઐુଢ଼崣嵛崧嵤嵣মଃ੮崹嵑嵒嵛崼崫崗ଢ଼ভુಈ ਗਜ嵣ৗୂ ର ஆয়ষ১যবઐ੦স ஃਛ ਁஇଃ੮১যূ崒嵒嵛崼崫崗嵣崹嵑嵒嵛崼崫崗଼ૼপভੌ௶৩ভ ੈৡ ஒ৾প৾ভ৴ਃଡবઐુଢ଼崣嵛崧嵤嵣মଃ੮崹嵑嵒嵛崼崫崗ଢ଼ভુಈ ਗਜ嵣ৗୂ ର ஆয়ষ১যবઐ੦স ஃਛ ਁஇଃ੮১যূ崒嵒嵛崼崫崗嵣崹嵑嵒嵛崼崫崗଼ૼপভੌ௶৩ভ ੈৡ ᨥἉὅἯἊỸἲᴾ ᨥἉὅἯἊỸἲᴾ ἋἯὊửᡫẳẺٶ૨҄σဃỉசஹỆӼẬềᴾ ἋἯὊửᡫẳẺٶ૨҄σဃỉசஹỆӼẬềᴾ ῍ỼἼὅἦἕἁὉἣἻἼὅἦἕἁểٶ૨҄σဃ῍ᴾ ῍ỼἼὅἦἕἁὉἣἻἼὅἦἕἁểٶ૨҄σဃ῍ᴾ ৎ؟ ৃਚ؟ஒ৾প়৾ଢ଼ਚ崻嵓 ਸ૮મ ফ া قଅك ৎ؟ ৃਚ؟ஒ৾প়৾ଢ଼ਚ崻嵓 قعਭહ৫ ك మপভ৮ ਸ૮મ ফ া قଅك قعਭહ৫ ك ઞ৷ୁ؟মୁ嵣ஶୁقৎৢ岬峴ك 崘崱嵓嵛嵣 ஒ ৳ 崱嵓崮崫崹嵤 崣崫崟嵏嵛ڭ ઢি ೣ 嵕崻嵛嵣 崙崫崰嵒嵛崡崕嵤 ઠ ิ 崯崳崡嵣 崽嵕崡崰 න༗ ଯ৻ ৵ಠ ਮ ଅ ੬ ધ৲峒峁峐峘崡嵅嵤崬峘૽સ嵣ৡق崡嵅嵤崬峼ৢ峂峉ુে峘ਤك ઞ৷ୁ؟মୁ嵣ஶୁقৎৢ岬峴ك 崘崱嵓嵛嵣 ஒ ৳ 崱嵓崮崫崹嵤 崣崫崟嵏嵛ڭ ઢি ೣ 嵕崻嵛嵣 崙崫崰嵒嵛崡崕嵤 ઠ ิ 崯崳崡嵣 崽嵕崡崰 න༗ ଯ৻ ৵ಠ ਮ ٳ崛嵤崯崋崵嵤崧؟৵ಠ ਮقমଃ੮崹嵑嵒嵛崼崫崗ଢ଼ভ৻嵣ஒ৾প્৾શഃᶌઇ౸ك ٳ崛嵤崯崋崵嵤崧؟৵ಠ ਮقমଃ੮崹嵑嵒嵛崼崫崗ଢ଼ভ৻嵣ஒ৾প৾ ્શഃᶌઇ౸ك 岣岥ધ৲ৡ岦峒峁峐峘崡嵅嵤崬岤 岣岥ધ৲ৡ岦峒峁峐峘崡嵅嵤崬岤 ஒ ৳قবয়ৗைைশ岝੪ધ৲ૂশك ଅ ੬ ધ৲峒峁峐峘崡嵅嵤崬峘૽સ嵣ৡق崡嵅嵤崬峼ৢ峂峉ુে峘ਤك ٳ崛嵤崯崋崵嵤崧؟৵ಠ ਮقমଃ੮崹嵑嵒嵛崼崫崗ଢ଼ভ৻嵣ஒ৾প્৾શഃᶌઇ౸ك ٳ崛嵤崯崋崵嵤崧؟৵ಠ ਮقমଃ੮崹嵑嵒嵛崼崫崗ଢ଼ভ৻嵣ஒ৾প৾ ્શഃᶌઇ౸ك మপভ৮ ஒ ৳قবয়ৗைைশ岝੪ધ৲ૂশك 岣崱崌崬峕岴岻峵崡嵅嵤崬峼ৢ峂峉ુে峘ਤ岤 崘崱嵓嵛嵣崱嵓崮崫崹嵤ق嵁嵓嵒嵛ঽপ৾ઇ౸岝崱崌崬崒嵒嵛崼崫崗৩ভౢভশك 岣崱崌崬峕岴岻峵崡嵅嵤崬峼ৢ峂峉ુে峘ਤ岤 崘崱嵓嵛嵣崱嵓崮崫崹嵤ق嵁嵓嵒嵛ঽপ৾ઇ౸岝崱崌崬崒嵒嵛崼崫崗৩ভౢভশك 岣ધ৲峒峁峐峘૩崡嵅嵤崬岤 ઢি ೣقಂপ৾ઇ౸ك 岣ધ৲峒峁峐峘૩崡嵅嵤崬岤 ઢি ೣقಂপ৾ઇ౸ك 岣崡嵅嵤崬峼ৢ峂峉ভ৫岤 ઠ ิق໒ణপ৾ஃઇك 岣崡嵅嵤崬峼ৢ峂峉ভ৫岤 ઠ ิق໒ణপ৾ஃઇك 崣崫崟嵏嵛ڮ 崒嵒嵛崼崫崗嵣崹嵑嵒嵛崼崫崗峕岴岻峵崨崌崸嵤崟崮崋峒ુে峘ਤ峕岻峐 崣崫崟嵏嵛ڮ 崒嵒嵛崼崫崗嵣崹嵑嵒嵛崼崫崗峕岴岻峵崨崌崸嵤崟崮崋峒ુে峘ਤ峕岻峐 ٳ崛嵤崯崋崵嵤崧؟ଅ ੬قஒ৾প৾ভ৴ਃଡবઐુଢ଼崣嵛崧嵤ਚশك ٳ崛嵤崯崋崵嵤崧؟ଅ ੬قஒ৾প৾ভ৴ਃଡবઐુଢ଼崣嵛崧嵤ਚশك 岣岵峳স嵉崨嵓峢嵤ਙ৭ু峒崒嵒嵛崼崫崗岤 嵕崻嵛嵣崙崫崰嵒嵛崡崕嵤ق崳嵍嵤嵐嵤崗য়প৾ၳઇ౸ك 岣岵峳স嵉崨嵓峢嵤ਙ৭ু峒崒嵒嵛崼崫崗岤 嵕崻嵛嵣崙崫崰嵒嵛崡崕嵤ق崳嵍嵤嵐嵤崗য়প৾ၳઇ౸ك 岣ਅম峕ᅎ岻峵崹嵑嵒嵛崼崫崗嵣嵈嵤崾嵉嵛崰岤 崯崳崡嵣崽嵕崡崰ق崓嵑嵆崢嵤প৾ၳઇ౸ك 岣ਅম峕ᅎ岻峵崹嵑嵒嵛崼崫崗嵣嵈嵤崾嵉嵛崰岤 崯崳崡嵣崽嵕崡崰ق崓嵑嵆崢嵤প৾ၳઇ౸ك 岣৫ভૄ峕岴岻峵ધ৲ુে峢峘嵉崫崣嵤崠岤 岣৫ভૄ峕岴岻峵ધ৲ુে峢峘嵉崫崣嵤崠岤 න༗ ଯ৻قஒ৾প৾ভ৴ਃଡবઐુଢ଼崣嵛崧嵤৩ଢ଼৩岝ূਨધ৲৾ୱপ৾ઇ౸ك 崣崫崟嵏嵛 ়ୈ岣 ফূ崒嵒嵛崼崫崗嵣崹嵑嵒嵛崼崫崗峢峘岤 ٳ崛嵤崯崋崵嵤崧؟৵ಠ ਮقমଃ੮崹嵑嵒嵛崼崫崗ଢ଼ভ৻嵣ஒ৾প્৾શഃᶌઇ౸ك ᴾ ஒ৳岝崘崱嵓嵛嵣崱嵓崮崫崹嵤岝ઢিೣ岝ઠิ岝嵕崻嵛嵣崙崫崰嵒嵛崡崕嵤岝崯崳崡嵣崽嵕崡崰岝න༗ଯ৻岝ଅ੬ න༗ ଯ৻قஒ৾প৾ভ৴ਃଡবઐુଢ଼崣嵛崧嵤৩ଢ଼৩岝ূਨધ৲৾ୱপ৾ઇ౸ك 崣崫崟嵏嵛 ়ୈ岣 ফূ崒嵒嵛崼崫崗嵣崹嵑嵒嵛崼崫崗峢峘岤 ٳ崛嵤崯崋崵嵤崧؟৵ಠ ਮقমଃ੮崹嵑嵒嵛崼崫崗ଢ଼ভ৻嵣ஒ৾প્৾શഃᶌઇ౸ك ᴾ ஒ৳岝崘崱嵓嵛嵣崱嵓崮崫崹嵤岝ઢিೣ岝ઠิ岝嵕崻嵛嵣崙崫崰嵒嵛崡崕嵤岝崯崳崡嵣崽嵕崡崰岝න༗ଯ৻岝ଅ੬ ৫ಈະ຺ ৫ಈະ຺ ম崟嵛嵅崠崎嵈峑峙岝 ফূ崒嵒嵛崼崫崗嵣崹嵑嵒嵛崼崫崗峼岝崨崌崸嵤崟崮崋峘๑峒ુে峼ਤ峁峐岮岹峑峘થஇ ম崟嵛嵅崠崎嵈峑峙岝 ফূ崒嵒嵛崼崫崗嵣崹嵑嵒嵛崼崫崗峼岝崨崌崸嵤崟崮崋峘๑峒ુে峼ਤ峁峐岮岹峑峘થஇ 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