2005.8.24 ➠㸮❮ ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡡ⚗♬♣ఌㄵ㸯㒂షࡡ⤣ྙ* ➠㸦⟿ ࡢࡋࡴ࡞ ⚗♬ᅗᐓమโࡢ⏍ࡀṟࡾ࠾ࠉ࡛࠷࠹ၡ࠷࡞ᑊࡌࡾ➽࠻ࡢᵕࠍ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ࡞⤂ ↁࡊࡒ࡛࠷࠹ᘿࡵ࠵ࡿࡣࠉᢀึⓏᒈ㛜ࢅ┘ᣞࡌモࡲࡵ࠵ࡾ1ࠊᮇ❮ࡢ⚗♬ᅗᐓ ⌦ᛍࡡスゝ⩽ࡱ࡚Ṍྍࢅ㐫ࡽࠉᙴࡡᛦ⩻ࢅよ㔐ࡌࡾࠊ⤎ㄵ࡛ࡊ࡙ࠉ࣊ࣥࣛࢴ ࢩ㸝William Beveridge 1879-1963㸞ࡡᛦᝫࡢ㏳ᖏࡡよ㔐ࢅ㉰࠻ࠉ⚗♬♣ఌࡡ⩻ ᱄⩽࡛ࡊ්࡙フ౮࡚ࡀࡾ࡛ㄵࡍࡾࠊࡐࡿ࡞ࡢᙴࡡᚃ㒂షࢅ༎ฦ࡞්⩻ࡊ ࡄࡿࡣࡼ࠷ࠊ➠㸧⟿࡚♣ఌಕ㝸ㄵࢅࠉ➠㸨⟿࡚Ᏸධ㞘⏕ㄵࢅࠉ➠㸩⟿࡚⮤ ⓆⓏὩິㄵࢅཱིࡽ୕ࡅࠉ➠㸪⟿࡚㒂షࡡ⤣ྙࢅモࡲࡾࠊ ➠㸧⟿ ࠖ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩሒ࿈ࠗ ࠖ♣ఌಕ㝜࠽ࡻࡦ㛭㏻ࢦ࣭ࣄࢪࠗࡢ 1942 ᖳ 12 ᭮㸦࡞ฝ∟ࡈࡿࡒࠊ࢟ࣛ ࢪᅗẰࡢ⇍≤Ⓩ࡞ࡆࡡࠔᡋᚃࡡ්ᘋゝ⏤ࠕ2ࢅུࡄථࡿࡒࠊ㸧㛣࡚㸬㒂 ࡿࠉ㸦ᖳ㛣࡚ 62 㸪༐㒂ࡿࡒ࡛ゕࢂࡿࡾࠊ㸧ࣧ᭮ᚃࡡୠㄵㄢᰕ࡚ࡢࠉࡆࡡሒ ࿈᭡ࢅ▩ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾ⩽ࡢ 95㸚ࠉ㈰ᠺࡡ⩽ࡢ 88㸚ࠉཬᑊࡡ⩽ࡢ㸫㸚࡚࠵ࡖࡒ3ࠊࡆ ࡡࠖ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩሒ࿈ࠗࡢᡋ࡞࠵ࡖ࡙ࠉᑑᮮゝ⏤ࡡᥞ♟࡛࠷࠹ᡥṹ࡚࢟ࣛ ࢪᅗẰࢅ⤣ୌࡊࡒࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ௧ୖ࡚ࡢࠉࡱࡍࡆࡡሒ࿈᭡ࡡහᐖࢅ␆㏑ࡊࠉࡗ࠷ ࡚ࢢࣤࢫ㸝John Maynard Keynes 1883-1946㸞࡛ࡡ༝഼㛭౿ࢅᣞᦤࡌࡾࠊ 2-1 ሒ࿈᭡ࡡහᐖ࡛๑ᥞ * ࡆࡡ◂✪ࡢࠉ⛁Ꮥ◂✪㈕ຐ㔘࣬ᇱ┑◂✪ Cࠔ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡡ⤊ῥᛦࠕ 㸝15530132ࠉ2003-2004㸞࡞ࡻࡖ࡙㈠㔘ᥴຐࡈࡿࡒࠊ 1 ⚗♬ᅗᐓㄵࡢⓊᐓண㫾࡚࠵ࡽࠉ⠾༟ᒈ᭻ࡢྊ⬗࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡐࡡโ⣑࡚ḗࡡᩝ ⊡ࢅᣪࡅ࡙࠽ࡂࠊᑙථ࡛ࡊ࡙ࡢᑚᯐ㸝1990㸞 ࠉᐋᮇ㸝1999: ᗆ❮㸞ࠉ⚗♬ᅗᐓᢀ ึࡡᴣふ࡛ࡊ࡙ Pierson㸝1991: Ch.2㸞ࠉ⚗♬ᅗᐓࡡ㢦ᆵ࡛ࡊ࡙ Esping-Andersen 㸝1990: Ch.1㸞ࠉ⚗♬ኣඔ⩇࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡢ Johnson㸝1987: Ch.3㸞ࠉ⚗♬ࡡᬉ㐚 Ⓩ࣬ူᏕⓏ⩻ᐳࡢ Spicker㸝2000: Ϫ.2㸞࣬ሲ㔕ㆺ㸝2002: ➠㸫❮㸞ࢅཤ↯ࠊ 2 ࠔᆀ୕ࡡᴞᅧゝ⏤ࠕNew Jerusalem ࡡୌ⎌࡚࠵ࡾࠊDurbin㸝1985: 5㸞 ࠉCockett 㸝1995: 59㸞ࠉClarke㸝1997: 146㸞ࠊ 3 ᩐᏊ࡞㛭ࡊ࡙ࡢ Cockett㸝1995: 60㸞 ࠉẗฺ㸝1990: 220㸞ࡻࡽࠊኬⶮ┤ࡢ࣒ ࣛ࢜∟ࢅ᛬㑁༰ใࡊࠉ5000 ࢺࣜࡡ⣟─ࢅ୕ࡅࡒ㸝Beveridge 1955: 320㸞ࠊ 1 ࠖ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩሒ࿈ࠗࡢໜᣋⓏ࣬㔕ᚨⓏ♣ఌスゝゝ⏤࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡐࡡゝ⏤ࡢ ࡌ࡙ࡡ㇗࡞┘ࢅ㒼ࡽࡼࠉ⃨Ὲࡄࡼࡿࡒᑊ➿⩄ࡥ࡛ࡱ࡛ࡱࡽ࡞ ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡢࡱࡍெ㢦ࡡኬᝇࢅฦ㢦ࡌࡾࠊ❋இ Wantࠉ⑄ Diseaseࠉ↋▩ Ignoranceࠉ㜼㝴㸝₡㸞Squalorࠉ↋Ⅵ㸝ᛨ㸞Idleness ࡚࠵ ࡾ㸝Beveridge 1942: 170, para.456㸞ࠊืࡡᡥṹࢅ⤄ࡲྙࢂࡎࡒ♣ఌᨳ➿࡚㸪ࡗ ࡡᕠᝇࢅࡌࡀࡓࠉ㡨ᗆࡵ㔔さ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ❋இࡢ᭩ᝇࡡᝇᚠࡓࠉྜྷ࡞⤧ ⁓ࡈࡎࡷࡌ࠷ࠊࡹ࠻࡞ᅗᐓࡢࠔ❋இ࠾ࡼࡡ⮤⏜ࠕࢅ➠ୌ┘ᵾ࡛ࡌࡾ㸝Beveridge 1942: 7, para.11㸞ࠊࡆࡡ❋இࢅ᰷⤧ࡌࡾᡥἪࡢ♣ఌಕ㝸 social security ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ♣ఌಕ㝸࡛ࡢරమⓏ࡞ࠉථࡡ୯᩷࣬✄ᚋງࡡ႕࣬≁ืᨥฝࡡ࡞ࠉ᭩㝀 ᗐࡡᡜᚋಕッࡈࡿࡾࡆ࡛࡚࠵ࡽࠉ࡚ࡀࡾࡓࡄ㏷ࡷ࠾࡞ᡜᚋࡡ୯᩷ࢅ⤂ࢂࡼࡎ ࡾࡻ࠹࡞᥈⨠ࢅㅦࡋࡾࡆ࡛࡚࠵ࡾ㸝Beveridge 1942: 120, para.300㸞ࠊࡒࡓࡊࡆ ࡆ࡞㔔ኬ๑ᥞ࠵ࡾࠊሒ࿈᭡ࡡᥞ᱄Ᏸ㐑ࡌࡾ࡞ࡢࠉ (1)ඡ❲ᡥᙔࠉ(2)ໜᣋ Ⓩ༈⒢ࢦ࣭ࣄࢪࠉ(3)Ᏸධ㞘⏕ ๑ᥞ࡛ࡈࡿࡄࡿࡣࡼ࠷㸝Beveridge 1942: 120, para.301㸞ࠊ(1)ࡢ 15 ṋࡱࡒࡢ 16 ṋ௧ୖࡡඡ❲࡞ᑊࡊ࡙ᨥ⤝ࡈࡿࡾࠊ ㈜㔘ኰࡡຘ഼࡞ᑍࡼᇱࡘ࠷࡙࠷ࡾ㝀ࡽࠉኬᐓ᪐ࡢ┞ᑊⓏ࡞❋இࡌࡾࠊࡐࡆ ࡚♣ఌಕ㝜࡛ࡢืᯗ࡚ඡ❲ᡥᙔᚪさ࡞ࡾࠊ(2)ࡢ⑄ࡡ㜭࣬⒢࠽ࡻࡦຘ ഼⬗ງࡡᅂᚗ࡚࠵ࡽࠉ࡚ࡀࡾࡓࡄ㏷ࡷ࠾࡞ຘ഼ᕰሔ࡞ᕰẰࢅᡘࡌࡆ࡛ࢅ┘Ⓩ࡛ ࡌࡾࠊᴏࡢ᭩ᝇࡡᾁ㈕ᙟឺࡓ࠾ࡼ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ(3)ࡢ㛏ࡡᴏ࡞ᶊฺ࡛ࡊ࡙ࡡ↋ ᮪௲⌟㔘ᨥ⤝ࢅ⾔࠹ࡆ࡛ࡢࠉ㐠⩇ᚨࢅୖࡈࡎࡾࡒࡴ࡞ይࡱࡊࡂ࠷࡛࠷࠹ึ ࡚᩷࠵ࡾࠊ༟ࡾᡜᚋಕ㝸ࡢெ㛣ࡡᖶ⚗࡞ࡢ༎ฦ࡚࠵ࡽࠉᏰධ㞘⏕࡛࠷࠹ᖲ ➴ࡡᶭఌࡄࡿࡣࠉࡆࡡཋ์ࢅ㈇ࡄ࠷ࠊ ࡆࡡ๑ᥞࡡୖࠉḗࡡ㸨ࡗࢅ⤣ྙࡈࡎࡒโᗐ♣ఌಕ㝸మโ࡛ࡾࠊࡆࡆ࡞ࠉ Ẓ㔔ࡡ㐢࠹ṹ㝭ฦ㢦࡛࠷࠹࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡡ≁ᚡ᭩ኬ㝀࡞ฝ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ௧ୖ࡚ 㸨ࡗࡡ≁ᚡ࡛㛭㏻ᛮࢅ㏑ࡾࠊ ➠㸦࡞ࡡᡥṹ࡛ࡊ࡙ࠉᇱᮇⓏᚪ㞺∸ needs ࡞ᑊࡌࡾ♣ఌಕ㝜࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡿ ࡢᙁโⓏᣈฝཋ์ࢅᣚࡗࠊಕ㝜ᩩࡡᣈฝ࡛ᘤࡀ᭨࠻࡞ࠉᕰẰධဤ᭩㝀⏍ ὩỀ‵ subsistence ࡱ࡚ᡜᚋಕ㝸ࢅᶊฺ࡛ࡊ࡙ᣚࡗࠊ♣ఌಕ㝜ࢅᐁ⾔ࡌࡾࡒࡴ࡞ ḗࡡ㸫ࡗࡡཋ์ࢅᏬࡾࡀ࡚࠵ࡾࠊᆍୌ⤝㸝᭩⏍Ὡ㈕㸞ࠉᆍୌᣈฝ㸝ಕ㝜ᩩ㸞ࠉ ⾔ᨳ㈈௴ࡡ⤣ୌࠉ㐲ḿ⤝㢘ࠉ ໜᣋᛮࠉ⿍ಕ㝜⩽ࡡฦ㢦࡚࠵ࡾ㸝Beveridge 1942: 9, para.17㸞ࠊ㸦␊┘ࡡᆍୌ⤝࡛ࡢࠉᡜᚋࡡኣᐵ࡞࠾࠾ࢂࡼࡍࠉ᭩㝀ᗐࡡ⏍ Ὡ㈕ࡡࡲࢅᅗᐓࢆࡵಕ㝸ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡚࠵ࡾࠊ㸩␊┘ࡡཋ์࡛භ࡞ࠉࡆࡿ ࡢᅗẰ᭩㝀ಕ㝸 National Minimum ࢅណࡌࡾࠊࡆࡡỀ‵ࡢࣚࣤࢹ࣭ࣛࡷ 2 ࣭࣍ࣝ➴ࡡአ㒂ᑍ㛓ጟဤ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙රమⓏ࡞⟤ᏽࡈࡿࡒࠊౚ࠻ࡣᴏ⤝ࡢ㐄 ࡞ 40 ࢨࣛࣤࢡࠉ㏝⫃ᖳ㔘ࡵྜྷ㢘࡚࠵ࡖࡒ4ࠊࡆࡿධᕰẰ࡞ಕ㝸ࡈࡿࡾᶊฺ࡚ ࠵ࡾࠊࡒࡓࡊࡆࡡ⤝Ề‵ࡢྜྷ࡞ࠉᕰẰࡡ⩇ຸࡵྱࡳࠊࡏࡼ᭩㝀Ề‵ ௧୕ࡡಕ㝸ࡢ⾔ࢂࡿ࠷࠾ࡼ࡚࠵ࡾ㸝Beveridge 1942: 121, para.304㸞ࠊ⚶Ⓩ ಕ㝜ࡡఴᆀṟࡽࠉᕰẰࡢ㇇࠾⏍Ὡࡡࡒࡴࠉ⮤ࡼ⢥㐅ࡊࡄࡿࡣࡼ࠷ࠊ 㸧␊┘ࡡᆍୌᣈฝ࡛ࡢࠉ㈠⏐ࡡኣᐵ࡞࠾࠾ࢂࡼࡍࠉࡌ࡙ࡡᕰẰྜྷୌࡡಕ㝜 ᩩࢅᡮ࠹ࡆ࡛࡚࠵ࡾࠊ᮪௲࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ࠉ㸦㐄࡚᭩ኬ㸩ࢨࣛࣤࢡ㸨࣋ࣤࢪ࠾ࡼ᭩ᑚ 㸦ࢨࣛࣤࢡ㸫࣋ࣤࢪࡱ࡚ࡡಕ㝜ᩩ࡛ࡾ㸝Beveridge 1942: 152, para.403㸞ࠊࡆ ࡡ㸧ࡗࡡᆍୌཋ์ࢅᣚࡗ♣ఌಕ㝜ࡼࡣࠉெ࡞࠽࠷࡙ࡵᅗᐓ࡞࠽࠷࡙ࡵᨥฝ ࡛ථ㔦ࡽྙ࠹ࠊெࡢᣈฝࡡ⩇ຸࢅㇿࡖࡒ୕࡚ࠉ⤝ࡡᶊฺࢅ⋋ᚋࡌࡾࠊ ࡱࡒቌኬࡌࡾ⚗♬⟤ࡢࠉಕ㝜ᩩࡡᣈฝ࡛⤝࡚ᆍ⾦ࡌࡾࡻ࠹࡞スᏽࡈࡿࡾࠊ ࡗࡱࡽࠉ♣ఌಕ㝜ࡢ࠵ࡾ⛤ᗐໂຫ࡚ࠉ⮤❟ྊ⬗ᵾ‵ⓏᕰẰാࢅᏽࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ࡊ࠾ࡊࠉࡌ࡙ࡡᕰẰಕ㝜ࡡᣈฝࢅ⾔࠻ࡾࢂࡄ࡚ࡢ࠷ࠊౚ࠻ࡣ㌗మⓏ࣬ ⢥♼Ⓩ⌦⏜࡚ࠉ♣ఌಕ㝜ࡡ⥑࠾ࡼࡆࡿⴘࡔࡾெࠍ࠷ࡾ㸝Beveridge 1942: 12, para.23㸞ࠊࡐࡆ࡚➠㸧࡞ᚉࡡᡥṹ࡛ࡊ࡙ࠉ≁Ṟౚ࡞ᑊࡌࡾපⓏຐ࠵ࡾࠊ ࡆࡿࡢᅗᗔ࠾ࡼᨥᡮࢂࡿࡾ⌟㔘⤝࡚࠵ࡾࠊᨾ㈃Ἢࡡఎ⤣ࢅᣚࡗ࢟ࣛࢪࡢࠉ ㈠ງ㸝㈠⏐㸞ㄢᰕ means test ࡞ᙁ࠷ᢤᢘ࠵ࡖࡒ㸝Beveridge 1942: 11, para.12㸞ࠊ ᨾ㈃Ἢ࡞ࡻࡾ᪃ࡊࠔ㈃Ằࡡỗྞࠕࢅఔࡖࡒ࠾ࡼ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡊ࠾ࡊࡆࡡපⓏຐ ࡢࠉཚ㈠ງㄢᰕࢅఔࢂࡄࡿࡣࡼ࠷ࠊಕ㝜ࡻࡽ᭻ࡱࡊࡂ࠷ࡵࡡࡓ࠾ ࡼ࡚࠵ࡾ㸝Beveridge 1942: 141, para.369㸞ࠊᅗᐓࡢහᡥࡡᑚᵌ࡚ࡢࡂࠉಕ㝜 ᩩࢅᨥᡮ࠹⩽࡞ᛨࡄ⒯ࢅြࡊ࡙ࡢࡼ࠷ࠊරమⓏ࡞ࡢḗࡡࡻ࠹ᡥᙔ࣬ୌ 㔘࠵ࡾࠊฝ⏐⤝࡛ᮅஷெ⤝㸝ࡐࡿࡑࡿ 13 㐄㛣ࡱ࡚㸦㐄 36 ࢨࣛࣤࢡ㸞ࠉಕ ㆜⩽⤝ࠉ㣬ᡥᙔ㸝16 ࢨࣛࣤࢡ㸞ࠉඡ❲ᡥᙔ㸝㸭ࢨࣛࣤࢡ㸞ࠉ⤎፡ୌ㔘㸝10 ࣎ࣤࢺࡱ࡚㸞ࠉฝ⏐ୌ㔘㸝㸩࣎ࣤࢺ㸞ࠉⴷ⚅ࠉᴏຸⅇᐐ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡿࡼࡢ ᅗᐓࡡୌ᪁Ⓩ⤝ࡡ࡚ࠉࡆࡡሔྙࡓࡄ⤝ࡡ㐲วᛮࡡࡒࡴࠉッ᪺᭡ࡷ㈠ງ ㄢᰕࢅᚪさ࡛ࡌࡾࠊ ➠㸨ࡡᏰᡥṹࡢࠉሒ࿈᭡ධమࢅ㈇ࡂཋ⌦࡛㛭౿ࡌࡾࠊࡱࡍᏰ࡛ࡢࠉᇱᮇ Ⓩ᥈⨠࡞ຊࡌࡾ⚶Ⓩ㈋ࡡዜທ࡚࠵ࡾ㸝Beveridge 1942: 143, para.375㸞ࠊ ࡆࡿࡢ⮤ຐຑງࡡ഼ࡂఴᆀࢅṟࡊࠉ᭩㝀⏍Ὡࡡ୕࡞⮤⏜࡞⏍Ὡスゝ࡚ࡀࡾࡆ ࡛࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡡᡥṹࡢḗࡡᛦ㸝➠㸨ࡡᣞᑙཋ⌦㸞࡛ᐠ࡞㛭㏻ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡌ 1938 ᖳ౮࡚ゝ⟤ࠊኣࡂࡡぞᏽ᮪௲࠵ࡾࠉࡆࡆ࡚ࡢ┤ࡂࠊୌの⾪ࡢ Beveridge㸝1942: 150, para.401㸞ࠊ 4 3 ࢂࡔࠉ♣ఌಕ㝸ࡢᅗᐓ࡛ெࡡ༝ງ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙㐡ᠺࡈࡿࡾࡀ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡒࡓࡊ ⾔ິណḟࡷᶭఌࡷ㈈௴វࢅᢒᅸࡊ࡙ࡢࡼ࠷ࠊࡱࡒᅗẰ᭩㝀ಕ㝸ࢅỬࡴࡾ 㝷ࠉࡐࡡ᭩㝀௧୕ࡡങ࠻ࢅ⮤ⓆⓏ࡞⾔࠹ఴᆀࢅṟࡊࠉࡈࡼ࡞ࡐࡿࢅዜທࡌ ࡀ࡚࠵ࡾ㸝Beveridge 1942: 6-7, para.9㸞ࠊ ࠖ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩሒ࿈ࠗࡢ⚗♬ᅗᐓࡡ⌦ᛍࢅ☔❟ࡊࡒࠊ♣ఌಕ㝸࡞ࡻࡾᅗẰ᭩ 㝀ಕ㝸ࡐࡡᰍ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡊ࠾ࡊྜྷ࡞ࠉሒ࿈᭡ࡢؐؐᏰ࡚ࡢ࠵ࡾؐؐᕰ Ằഁࡡ⩇ຸ࡞ࡵゕཀྵࡊ࡙࠷ࡒࠊெᅗᐓ࡞㐛ᗐ࡞౪Ꮛࡊ࠷ࡻ࠹࡞࡛࠷࠹ ៎࠾ࡼࡓࡖࡒ5ࠊᐁ㝷ࠉ♣ఌಕ㝸ࢅᨥ࠻ࡾெ࣬⏕⩽࣬ᅗᐓࡡㇿᢰẒ⋙ࡢࠉ28㸯 20㸯50 ࡞ࡽ㸝ฺᏄ㸧㸞ࠉ⌟⾔ࡡโᗐࡻࡽࡵெㇿᢰ⋙ቌ࠻ࡾ㸝⾪ࢅཤ↯㸞ࠊ ࡆࡡណ࡚ࠉ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡡ⚗♬ᅗᐓ⌦ᛍࡢࠉᙔิ࠾ࡼெ࡛ᅗᐓࡡ┞பຑງ ࢅ๑ᥞ࡞ࡊ࡙࠷ࡒ࡛ึ࡚᩷ࡀࡾ6ࠊ ⌟⾔ࡡโᗐ ࡐࡡྙ ᥞ᱄ࡡโᗐ ࡐࡡྙ ᅗᐓ 2 ൦ 6500 61.3㸚 㸨൦ 5100 50.3㸚 ⿍ಕ㝜⩽ 6900 15.9㸚 㸦൦ 9400 27.8㸚 ⏕⩽ 8300 19.2㸚 㸦൦ 3700 19.6㸚 ྙゝ 㸩൦ 3200 100.0㸚 㸫൦ 9700 100.0㸚 ⾪ 1945 ᖳࡡ⟤Ẓ㍉7 2-2 ࢢࣤࢫࡡ㛭 ࢪ࢞ࢸࣜࢪ࣭࢞ࡢఎオࡡ୯࡚ࠉ ࠔࢢࣤࢫࡢỬࡊ࡙⇍Ⓩ♣ఌᨭ㠁ᐓ࡚ࡢ ࠾ࡖࡒࠕ࡛ࡊࠉ ࠔ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩሒ࿈ࡡᵋ㏸࡞రࡡᙫ㡢ࡵ࠻࠾ࡖࡒࠕ࡛᩷ゕࡊ ࡙࠷ࡾ㸝Skidelsky 2000: 264, 266㸞ࠊᮇ⟿ࡢࡆࡡぜよ8࡞ཬㄵࢅモࡲࡾࠊࡱࡍࢢ ≁࡞ Beveridge㸝1942: 170, para.455㸞ࢅཤ↯ࠊࠔᠻࠍࡡゝ⏤ࡢུ͐⤝⩽ࡐ ࡿ௧ᚃࠉெⓏ㈈௴࠾ࡼ㏠ࡿࡈࡎࡾࡻ࠹ࡵࡡ࡚ࡢ࠷ࠊࠕ 6 ⚗♬ᅗᐓࢅᏭ᪾࡞ᢀึࡌࡾୌ⯙ࡡㄵㄢ࡛␏ࡽࠉ ࠖ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩሒ࿈ࠗࡡ◂✪ ᭡ࡢࡆࡡⅤࢅぜ㏠ࡊ࡙࠷࠷ࠊౚ࡛ࡊ࡙ࠉኬ๑㸝1983: 226㸞 ࠉẗฺ㸝1990: 217㸞ࠉ ᆀ㸝1995: 46㸞ࠊ 5 7 Beveridge㸝1942: 112ࠉ⾪ 13㸞ࡻࡽషᠺࠊ༟నࡢ࣎ࣤࢺࠊྙࡢวࡽᤖ࡙ࠉ ฺᏄࢅྱࡱ࠷ࡡ࡚ࠉྙゝࡊ࡙ࡵ 100㸚࡞ࡼ࠷ࠊ 8 ࢪ࢞ࢸࣜࢪ࣭࢞ࡡ❟ሔࡢୌ㈇ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ࠔࣀ࣭࣭ࣥ࢘ࣞࢺࡡぞᏽᴣᛍࠕ 㸝♣ఌ ᨭ㠁࡞ྡྷ࠾࠹පⓏ⩇ຸវ㸞ࡻࡽࡵࠔࢢࣤࣇࣛࢴࢩᩝࡡぞᏽᴣᛍࠕ 㸝ᐼ⨶࣬យᬓ ࡛࠷࠹⚶Ⓩ⏍Ὡࢅඁࡌࡾಘ᮪㸞ࢢࣤࢫ࡞ࡢ㔔さ࡛ࡾࠊ㐪࠷ᑑᮮࡡኅኬ 4 ࣤࢫᅗẰ᭩㝀ಕ㝸ࢅ᪺☔࡞ᨥᣚࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࡆ࡛ࢅ♟ࡌࠊḗ࡞࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩ ࡛ࡡ༝഼షᴏỬࡊ࡙⾪㟻Ⓩ࡚࠾ࡖࡒࡆ࡛ࢅౚ♟ࡌࡾࠊ ᭩ิ࡞ࠉࢢࣤࢫࡢሒ࿈᭡ࡡᅗẰ᭩㝀ಕ㝸࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࠉධࡂཬᑊࡊ࡙࠷ࠊ ࡐࡿࡆࢀ࠾✒ᴗⓏ࡞ᨥᣚࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊኣࡂࡡಕᏬὬ࡞࡛ࡖ࡙ࠉࡆࡡ㒂ฦࡢ 19 ୠ ⣎Ⓩ⮤⏜⩇࠾ࡼᏰධ࡞วࡽ㞫ࡈࡿࡒᴣᛍࡓࡖࡒࠊኣࡂࡡ㠁᩺Ὤ࡞࡛ࡖ࡙ࠉ ࢘ࢴࣇࡡᥞ၌௧ᮮ 45 ᖳࢅ⤊࡙ࠉࡻ࠹ࡷࡂᕰẰᶊᐁ⌟ࡈࡿࡒࠊ᪁ࠉࢢࣤࢫ ࡢࠖୌ⯙⌦ㄵ࡚ࠗ࡞ࠔ⤊ῥ♣ఌࡡ㢟ⴥḖ㝏ࡢࠉ͐ᐣ࠽ࡻࡦᡜᚋࡡᜓណⓏ࡚ පᖲฦ㒼࡚࠵ࡾࠕ㸝CW7 1973/1936: 372㸞࡛ႍ◒ࡊ࡙࠷ࡒࠊࡐࡊ࡙ᾐ㈕࣬ ᢖ㈠ࢅႋ㉫ࡊὩິ㈠㔘ࢅ΅ᑛࡈࡎࡾᨳ➿࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ࠉࠔฺᏄ⏍Ὡ⩽ࡡᏭᴞṒࠕ 㸝CW7 1973/1936: 376㸞ࢅ㢢ࡖ࡙࠷ࡒࠊࡆࡡᇱᮇ⥲ࡢ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡡᥞ၌࡛㔔 ࡾࠊࡐࡡࡒࡴࠉࠖ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩሒ࿈ࠗࢅ⢥ᰕࡊࡒ 1942 ᖳࡡṹ㝭࡚ࡵࠉࢢࣤ ࢫࡢᵕࠍሔ㟻࡚㈃⩽ࡡฦ㒼ࢅ๑ᥞ࡞ࡊࡒ㆗ㄵࢅᒈ㛜ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ➠㸦࡞ࠉࢢ ࣤࢫࡢ᭩㈜㔘᮪㡧ࡡᏋᅹࢅ๑ᥞ࡞ࡊࠉࡆࡡỀ‵ࢅ⥌ᣚࡊࡼ㈕⏕ࡡᏭ࠷ ᪁➿ࢅ᥀ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ9ࠊ➠㸧࡞ࠉࢢࣤࢫࡢᰜ㣬㟻࠾ࡼぜࡒ᭩㝀ᡜᚋಕ㝸࡞ࡗ࠷ ࡙ࡵࠉ࠵ࡾỀ‵ࢅ๑ᥞ࡞ࡊࡼࠉࡻࡽ㈀ᨳㇿᢰࡡᑛ࠷㐽ᢝ⫝ࢅ᥀ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ10ࠊ ➠㸨࡞ࠉࢢࣤࢫࡢ⩹㱃ᖳ㔘ུ⤝⩽࣬ᴏ⩽࣬ࡐࡡ㣬ᐓ᪐ࡌ࡙࡞ᑊࡊ࡙ࠉ ⏍ᏋỀ‵ࢅ࠻ࡾ࡛࠷࠹ࡆ࡛ࢅヾࡴ࡙࠷ࡾ11ࠊ➠㸩࡞ࠉຘ഼⩽ࡡ⏍ὩᏭᏽࡢࢢ ࣤࢫࡡࠖᡋ㈕ㄢ㐡ㄵࠗ 㸝1939㸞࡛ᐠ࡞㛭㏻ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆࡡࣂࣤࣆࣝࢴࢹ࡚ࢢ ࣤࢫࡢࠔ⧖ࡽᘇᡮ࠷ࠕ12ࢅᥞ၌ࡊࡒࠊࣤࣆࣝ⌟ᐁࡌࡾ୯࡚ࠉᡜᚋࡡୌ㒂 ࢅᡋ୯ࡢ⤎ࡊ㸝ᙁโ㈋㸞ࠉᡋᚃࡡἛ࡞ࡐࡡཾᗑࢅ㸝ฺᏄࡀ࡚㸞㛜ᨲ ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡚⥪㞺さࡡㄢᩒࢅᅒࡾᕝኰ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࣤࣆࣝᅸງࢅ㈄ᖨ㈜㔘࡞㌹ࡌ ࡾࢂࡽ࡞ࠉຐ㔘ᨳ➿࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ඡ❲ᡥᙔ࡛ᚪ㞺ဗࡡᏭ౮ᙔᚋࡼࡿࡒ13ࠊ ࢢࣤࢫࡡ⥪㞺さ⟮⌦࡛࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡡ᭩㝀ಕ㝸ᐠ࡞㛭౿ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾౚ࡚ ࠵ࡾࠊ➠㸪࡞ࠉ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩ᱄ࡡ᳠ゞ୯࡞࣐࣭ࢺᥞ㉫ࡊࡒ㈠ᮇㄚ⛧࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࠉ ゝ⏤ࡢ㏝ࡄࡼࡿࡾࡆ࡛࠾ࡼࠉ⚗♬ᅗᐓࡡ⪦⁊ࡢ࠵ࡽ࠻࠷ࠊ 9 CW27㸝1980: 207㸞 ࠉ࣐࣭ࢺࡡᡥ⣤ࠉ1942 ᖳ㸪᭮㸭ࠊ 10 CW27㸝1980: 221㸞 ࠉ࣌ࣈ࢞ࣤࢪࡡᡥ⣤ࠉ1942 ᖳ㸬᭮㸬ࠊඡ❲ᡥᙔࡡ㢘 ࢅ๎΅ࡌࡾ࠾ࢂࡽ࡞ࠉᩅ⫩ᑻࡡ⤝㣏➴ࢅᣉᘿࡌࡾࠊ 11 CW27㸝1980: 245㸞 ࠉࣉࣜࡡᡥ⣤ࠉ1942 ᖳ㸭᭮ 24 ࠊ 12 ᖲ㸝2003: 718-719㸞ࡵཤ↯ࠊ 13 ࣓ࢡࣛࢴࢩࡢຘ഼ඨெ⬞࡛ࡡஹῦ࡚ࠉᐓ᪐ᡥᙔࡡᥞ၌ฝࡒ࡛ࡌࡾ 㸝Moggridge 1980/1976: 125-126ࠉゼ 149-150㸞ࠊࣀࣞࢴࢺࡵᚪ㞺∸ࡡ౮Ꮽᏽ ࢅᣞᦤࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ㸝Harrod 1982/1951: 493ࠉゼ 547-548㸞ࠊ 5 ࢢࣤࢫࡢࠔࡐࡿࡈࡼࡾ♣ఌᨭⰃ࡞⼝㈠ࡌࡾࡡ࡞⏕ࡈࡿࡾࠕ14ሔྙࢅヾࡴ ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡗࡱࡽฺᏄ⏍Ὡ⩽࡞㔔ࡂࡡࡊ࠾࠾ࡾ㈠ᮇㄚ⛧ࢅ⾔࠷ࠉ㈃⩽࡞ᅂࡌࠔ♣ ఌᨭⰃࠕᐁ᪃ࡈࡿࡾࡆ࡛ᏽࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ15ࠊ➠㸫࡞ࠉࠔ⤝㔘ࡷᣈฝ㔘ࢅධ ᅗẰ࡞ᣉᘿࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࠕ࡞ࡢࠔ㈰ᠺࡌࡀ⏜㟸ᖏ࡞ኣࡂ࠵ࡾ࡛࠷࠹ࡆ࡛࡞⚶ ࡢྜྷណࡌࡾࠕ16࡛࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡡⓆゕࡢ♣ఌಕ㝜ࡐࡡࡵࡡ࡞ᑊࡌࡾ᪺☔ᨥᣚ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ௧୕ࠉࡌ࡙ࡡሔྙ࡚ࠉࢢࣤࢫࡢ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡡᅗẰ᭩㝀ಕ㝸㸝ࡱࡒࡢ㈃ ⩽ࡡ්㒼ฦ㸞ࢅུㅑࡊࡒ㆗ㄵᒈ㛜ࢅࡊ࡙࠷ࡒࠊ ḗ࡞ࠉࢢࣤࢫ࡛࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡡ㛭౿ࡢࠉぜ࠾ࡄ௧୕࡞㛏ࡂ⥥ᐠ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ୦ ⩽ࡡஹὮࡢ㐔ࡂ࡛ࡵᡥ⣤୕ࡢ 1914 ᖳ㸨᭮17ࠉᐁ㝷࡞ఌࡖࡒࡡࡢ 1914 ᖳ㸪᭮ࡱ ࡚㐫ࡿࡾࠊᡋ୯ࠉ୦⩽ࡢ㣏⣂㒼⤝࣬Ⅵ᭨⟮⌦ࢅ࠹ᐁຸᐓ࡛ࡊ࡙ฝఌࡖࡒ18ࠊ ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩ LSE Ꮥ㛏࡞ࡽࢢࣤࢫࢢࣤࣇࣛࢴࢩ࡞ᡘࡾ࡛ࠉࣞࣤࢺࣤ࣬ ࢢࣤࣇࣛࢴࢩ⤊ῥࢦ࣭ࣄࢪ࡛࠷࠹㏻ྙమ19 ࡚୦⩽ࡢ⾪࡛ࡊ࡙ࡒࡦࡒࡦఌ࠹ࡻ ࠹࡞ࡖࡒࠊ1923 ᖳ࡞ࡢ୦⩽ࡡ㛣࡚ெཾㄵࢅᕙࡽ⃥ࡊ࠷ㄵண⤾࠷ࡒ㸝Toye 2000: 172-180㸞ࠊࡒࡓࡊஹὮࡢࡱࡽࠉ⮤⏜ඨኚᏕᰧࡡཤຊࡷࠉᶭ㛭ヽࠖࢾ ࣭ࢨࣘࣤࠗࡡ්ᘋࠉ⮤⏜ඨࢅ㍂࡛ࡊࡒཤ㞗ࡵ࠵ࡖࡒ㸝Moggridge 1992: 390㸞ࠊ ࠔ⤊ῥཤㅓㄵࠕ࡛࠷࠹ᴣᛍࢅ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩ 1923 ᖳ࠾ࡼᙁࡂᥞ၌ࡊࡒࠉࢢ ࣤࢫࡵኬ࠷࡞ྜྷㄢࡊࠉ⤊ῥᏕ⩽ࡡࢨࣤࢠࢰࣤࢠᐁ⌟࡞⭁ᚨࡊࡒࠊ1924 ᖳ࡞ࢢ ࣤࢫิࡴ࡙ᴏᑊ➿࡛ࡊ࡙පභᴏࢅᥞ၌ࡊࡒࠉ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡵ㈰㎙ࢅ ㏞ࡖࡒ㸝Harrod 1982/1951: 346ࠉゼ 388㸞ࠊ1930 ᖳ㸧᭮࡞ࡢ୦⩽ࡢ⋜❟⤊ῥᏕ ఌࡡ⌦ఌ࡞ฝᖆࡊࠉ࣭ࣛ࢜ࢺධ㞗ࡡ⥽⧡࡛࠷࠹㔔さỬᏽ࡞❟ࡔఌࡖ࡙࠷ࡾ20ࠊ 1932 ᖳ࡞ࡢࠖୠ⏲ᜅុ࠾ࡼࡡ⬲ฝ࡛ࠗ㢗ࡊ࡙ࠉ୦⩽ࡡㅦⁿྜྷ࡞㘋ࡈࡿࡒࠊ CW27㸝1980: 215㸞ࠉ࣐࣭ࢺࡡᡥ⣤ࠉ1942 ᖳ㸫᭮ 30 ࠊ ࡵࡖ࡛ࡵᩝ⬞࠾ࡼࡢ✒ᴗⓏ㈰ᠺࢅࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࢂࡄ࡚ࡢ࠷ࠊ 16 CW27㸝1980: 252㸞 ࠉ࣌ࣈ࢞ࣤࢪࡡᡥ⣤ࠉ1942 ᖳ 10 ᭮ 13 ࠊ 17 BP 2a-13ࠉ1914.3.15ࠉࢢࣤࢫ࠾ࡼࡡᡥ⣤ࠊ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࣅࢡ࣭ࡡࠖ ᴏࠗ㸝1913㸞ࢅ᭡フࡊࡒ࠽♡ࠊ 18 ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩ㍲ථ࣭࣊ࢤࣤࡡ㈑࠷ࡄࢅኬⶮ┤࡞㢏ࡲ࡞⾔ࡖࡒࠉ࠷ࡖࡒ ࢆࡢ᩷ࡖࡒࢢࣤࢫⴘ⫱ࡌࡾ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࢅぜ࡙ࠉ100 ࢺࣜࢅᢖࡅ࡙ࡻࡆ ࡊࡒࠊ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡢࡐࡡᶊງ࡞វ㖥ࢅུࡄࡒࠊBP 9a-52, “Some Memories of Maynard Keynes”ࠊ 19 1923 ᖳ࡞ࢢࣤࢫス❟ࠊࣄࢩࢾࢪ࣏ࣤࡷ㔘⼝ฦᯊᐓ࡞ಘ㢏ࡌࡀሒࢅ ࠻ࡾࡆ࡛ࢅ┘Ⓩ࡛ࡌࡾࠊࣉࣤࢱ࣭ࢮࣤ㸝ᚃ࡞ࣞࣁ࣭ࢹࢮ࡛ࣤஹ㸞 ࣭࣬࣌ࣝࡵ ᇮ⾔ఌ㆗࡞ྞࢅ㏻ࡠࡒࠊMoggiridge㸝1992: 383㸞ࠉSkidelsky㸝1994/1992: 106㸞ࠊ 20 BP 2a-29ࠉ1930.2.13ࠉ⋜❟⤊ῥᏕఌࡡ㆗㘋ࡻࡽࠊ 14 15 6 1934 ᖳ㸦᭮࡞ࡢ࢙ࢤࢿ࣐ࢴࢠ࣬ࢩ࣭ࣔࢻࣜ⥽㞗ఌ㆗࡞ࡵ୦⩽ࡢฝᖆࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ21ࠊ 1936 ᖳ࡞ࡢ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡡ⭶ኬ∸౮ࡡṌྍྜྷヽ࡞㍍ࡾ࠾࠹࠾ࡡࡷࡽ࡛ࡽ ࢅࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ22ࠊࡐࡊ࡙ 1940 ᖳ㸨᭮࡞ࡢࢢࣤࢫᑙࡊࠉࣅࢡ࣭ࡡᚃ⤽࡛ࡊ࡙ ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࢅ⋜❟⤊ῥᏕఌఌ㛏࡞㐽ࢆࡓ23ࠊࡐࡡᚃࡵⱝᅗ࢜ࢸ࣐࣭⤊ῥ㒂ࡵ ྱࡴࠉ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࢅ❟࡙ࡼࠉࢢࣤࢫᐁຸ࡛㆗᱄ࡡᑙᶊࢅᥩࡖ࡙࠷ ࡒࠊ1940 ᖳ㸩᭮࡞ࡢࡗ࠷࡞ࣝࢹࣤ࣬ࢮࣜࢰ࣭࡛භ࡞ࠔཿᙁ⩽ࠕࡡఌྙጙࡱ ࡽࠉᡋ⤊ῥ࡚හ㛮ࢅᢀフࡌࡾ㞗ࡱࡽതࡈࡿࡒ24ࠊࡆࡡࡻ࠹࡞ࠉ୦⩽ࡢୌ᭽ୌ ኟࡡஹὮ࡚ࡢࡂࠉ㣏࣬ኟ㣏࡞ᣅᙽࡊྙ࠷භ࡞㆗ㄵࡌࡾ௯㛣࡚࠵ࡖࡒࠊ ࡆࡡ⥥ᐠࡈࡢࠖ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩሒ࿈ࠗࢅᕙࡾஹὮ࡚ࠉࡱࡌࡱࡌᇻ∴࡞ࡖࡒࠊ ୦⩽ࡡ㛭ࡢ 1942 ᖳ㸨᭮࡞ጙࡱࡖࡒࠊࢢࣤࢫࡢ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩ࠾ࡼሒ࿈᭡ࡡゝ ⏤࣒࣓ࢅ㏞ࡈࡿࠉḗࡡ㏁ࢅ᭡࠷ࡒࠊ ࠔ࠵ࡒࡡて᭡ࢅㄖࢆ࡚ࠉࡐࡡධ⯙Ⓩゝ⏤࡞ᑊࡊ⚶ࡥࡂវ⃥ࡊࡒࡆ࡛ ࢅఎ࠻࡙࠽ࡂࠊࡐࡿࡢ㟸ᖏ࡞㔔さ࠾ࡗ㞕ኬᘋスⓏゝ⏤࡚࠵ࡾࠉ࡛⚶ࡢᛦ࠹ࠊ ࡊ࠾ࡵࡐࡿ༎ฦ࡞㈠㔘ࡡ⼝㏳㟻࠾ࡼྊ⬗ࡓ࡛ฦ࠾ࡽࠉᏭᚨࡊࡒࠊࠕ 㸝CW27 1980/1942: 204㸞 ᮇெࡡ♡≟ࡹ࠻࡞ࠉࡆࡡវࡢൢ♡Ⓩ࡛ࡡཬㄵࢅུࡄࡾྊ⬗ᛮ࠵ࡾࠊࡐࡆ ࡚࣐࣭ࢺࡡᡥ⣤ࢅぜࡾ࡛ࠉ ࠔெⓏ࡞ࡢࠉ⚶ࡢ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡡᥞ᱄࡛ࡖ࡙࠷ ࡾ㊪⥲࡞ኬ㈰ᠺ࡚࠵ࡾࠕ25࡛࠵ࡾࠊୌ㒂࡞㈰ᠺࠉࡊࡩࡊࡩུㅑࠉ࡛࠷ࡖࡒឺᗐ࡚ ࡢ࠷ࡆ࡛࡞Ἰណࡊࡒ࠷ࠊࡐࡿࡹ࠻ࢢࣤࢫࡢ⤊ῥ㒂ࡡ࣐࣭ࢺ࡛♣ఌಕ㝜ࡡྊ ⬗ᛮࢅ㆗ㄵࡊࡒᚃࠉ⮤ࡼ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩ࡛りࡊࡒࠊ ࠔ࠵ࡒࡡᥞ᱄ࡡ᭩᩺∟ࢅୌ 㒂࠷ࡒࡓࡄ࠷࠾ࠊ͐᪁࡚⚶ࡢࡐࡿࢅࡴࡃࡾᢀึࢅུࡄཱིࡖ࡙࠽ࡽࠉࡐࡿࡼ ࡞ᑊฌࡊ࡙࠷࠾ࡠࡣࡼ࠷ࠊཋᩝࡡ୯࡞ర᭡࠷࡙࠵ࡾࡡ࠾ࢅᐁ㝷࡞▩ࡼ BP 2a-33ࠉ1934.1.30ࠉࢢࣤࢫ࣬ࢢࣤࢫ࠾ࡼࡡᡥ⣤㸧㏳ࠊ 22 BP 2a-35ࠉ1936 ᖳ㸬࡛᭮ 10 ᭮ࡡᡥ⣤㸩㏳ࠊ 23 BP 2a-39ࠉ1940.3.20ࠉࢢࣤࢫ࠾ࡼࡡᡥ⣤ࠊࢢࣤࢫࡢ⋜❟⤊ῥᏕఌࡡ⛆ ᭡ࡡࡻ࠹ᙲࢅᯕࡒࡊࠉ๑࡞ᵕࠍ㆗㢗ࡡ᰷ᅂࡊࢅࡊ࡙࠷ࡒࠊ 24 BP 2a-29ࠉ1940.4.15ࠉࢢࣤࢫ࠾ࡼࡡᡥ⣤ࠊཿᙁ⩽ the Old Dogs ࡛࠷࠹⾪ ⌟ࡢ➠ୌḗୠ⏲ኬᡋ࡞ᏻേ࡛ࡊ࡙ኬὩ㌅ࡊࡒ⩽ࠉ1940 ᖳṹ㝭࡚ࡢరࡡපຸࡵ ௴ࡈࡿ࡙࠷࠷࡛࠷࠹ሔ㟻ࢅᣞࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ 21 25 CW27㸝1980: 204㸞ࠉ࣐࣭ࢺࡡᡥ⣤ࠉ1942 ᖳ㸫᭮ 16 ࠊ 7 ࠷࡛ࠉࡱࡍ࠷ࡆ࡛࡞ࡾࠕ26ࠊኬⶮ┤࡞ᗀࡖࡒᠩᛍ࡞ᑊࡊࠉࢢࣤࢫ✒ᴗⓏ ࡞㛭ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࡆ࡛ࢂ࠾ࡾࠊኬⶮ┤㧏ᏻࡡ࣌ࣈ࢞ࣤࢪ࡞ࡵࠔපᖲ࡞フࡌࡾ࡛ࠉ 㸣㸣㸣 ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩ࡞ࡢ⟤ࢅᅏࡼࡎࡾࡗࡵࡽࡢ࠷ࠕ27࡛ᘒ᪺ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ1942 ᖳ㸭 ᭮࡞ࡢࢢࣤࢫ࣬ࣞࣄࣤࢫ࢙࣬ࢴࣈࢪ㸝ಕ㝜⤣ゝᑻ㛏㸞 ࣬࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡡ㸩ெ࡚ࠉ ࠵ࡾ࠷ࡢ㸧ெࡡࡲ࡚ఌ࠷ࠉሒ࿈᭡ࡡ⣵㒂ࡱ࡚⥝ᐠ࡞᳠ゞࡊࡒࠊࢢࣤࢫࡢ㏪ୌ ࡐࡿࢅኬⶮ┤࡞ሒ࿈ࡊࠉࠔ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡆࡿࡼࡡ㆗ㄵ࡞㟸ᖏវ㖥ࢅུࡄࡒࠕ 28࡛ࡊ࡙ࠉ᭯─ゞㄵࢅᣲࡽ㏁ࡖࡒࠊ1942 ᖳ 10 ᭮࡞Ᏸᠺࡊࡗࡗ࠵ࡖࡒ᭩⤂∟࡞ ᑊࡊ࡙ࡢࠉ ࠔࡐࡡᩝ᭡ࡢ㟸ᖏ࡞ࡌࡣࡼࡊࡂࠉ✔ᙔ࠾ࡗᗀ⠂ᅑ࡞ཀྵࢆ࡚࠽ࡽࠉᴗࡴ ࡙ㄕᚋⓏ࡚Ἰ┘ࡌࡀ᪁Ἢ࡚ㄵࡋࡼࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠕ29࡛ᡥᨲࡊ࡚ႌࢆࡓࠊ࣊ࣥࣛࢴ ࢩᮇெ࡞ࡵࠔࡆࡡሒ࿈᭡ࡢᇸࠍ࡛ࡊࡒࡵࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠕࠉࠔᮇ㈻Ⓩ㒂ฦ࠵ࡒࡡ ᵋࡊࡒ࡛࠽ࡽ࡞ᐁ㈻Ⓩ࡞⏕ࡈࡿࡾࡆ࡛ࢅࠉ⚶ࡢ㢢ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠕ30࡛ࢢࣤࢫࡢ ఎ࠻ࡒࠊ௧୕ࡡᡥ⣤ࡢࠉࢢࣤࢫ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩሒ࿈ࡡᮇ㈻࡞භ㫾ࡊࡒࡆ࡛ࢅ ♟ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩ࡛ࢢࣤࢫࡢ⣵࠾࠷Ⅴ࡚ណぜࢅ␏࡞ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ31ࠊඡ❲ᡥᙔࠉᖳ㔘ࠉ ㏝⫃᮪㡧⾪Ⓩ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡢࡏ࠾ඡ❲ᡥᙔ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࠉ㸦ெ┘ࡢ 㝎አࡊࡒ୕࡚32ࠉ㸧ெ┘௧㜾ࡢ㐄㸭ࢨࣛࣤࢡᚪさ࡚࠵ࡾ࡛㆙ࡼ࠾ࡖࡒࠊࢢ ࣤࢫࡢࡳࡊࢀ㸦ெ┘ࢅ㝎አࡌࡾࡡࡢᨳⓏ࡞㞬ࡊ࠷ࡡ࡚ࠉ㸦㐄㸫ࢨࣛࣤࢡ ࡞΅㢘ࡊࡒࡼ⟤୕⟿⣑࡚ࡀࡾ࡛ᘿࡊࡒࠊ୦⩽࡛ࡵ࡞ᴏ⩽ࡡඡ❲࡞ࡢ≁ื 㒼៎ᚪさࡆ࡛ࠉ㏳ᖏࡡᐓ᪐ࡡሔྙࡢඡ❲ᡥᙔࡓࡄ࡚ඡ❲ࡡ⏍ᏋỀ‵ࢅ☔ ಕࡌࡾᚪさ࠷ࡆ࡛ࠉࡆࡡ㸧Ⅴࡢヾࡴ࡙࠷ࡾࠊᖳ㔘࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡢࠉࢢࣤࢫࡢ ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩ᱄ࡡ㸨ฦࡡ㸧ࡡ⤝㢘࡛ࠉ༳ධဤ࡞ࡢ㸝ࡗࡱࡽᣈฝࡊࡒࡆ࡛ ࠷⩽࡞ࡢ㸞⤝ࡊ࠷ࡆ࡛ࢅᘿࡊࡒࠊ㏝⫃᮪㡧࡛ࡢࠉᖳ㔘ུ⤝ᖳ㱃࡞㐡ࡊ ࡒ࡞㏝⫃ࡊࡄࡿࡣࠉᖳ㔘ࢅቌ㢘ࡌࡾ࡛࠷࠹᥈⨠࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡱࡒ㏝⫃㏳▩ᚃ࡞ ᡜᚋࢅ✄ࡅࡣᖳ㔘΅㢘ࡈࡿࡾࠊெࠍࢅຘ഼࡞ᘤࡀ⏻ࡴࡾㄇᅄ࡞ࡾࠊ࣊ࣥ ࣛࢴࢩࡢࡆࡡ᮪㡧࡞ᅖᇮࡊࡒࠉࢢࣤࢫࡢ᪡ࡂ㏝⫃ࡊࡒ࠷ெ࡞ㇿᢰࢅ࠾ࡄࡌ CW27㸝1980: 219㸞ࠉ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡡᡥ⣤ࠉ1942 ᖳ㸫᭮ 25 ࠊ 27 CW27㸝1980: 228㸞 ࠉ࣌ࣈ࢞ࣤࢪࡡᡥ⣤ࠉ1942 ᖳ㸭᭮ 20 ࠊ 28 CW27㸝1980: 239㸞 ࠉࣜࢮࣤࡡᡥ⣤ࠉ1942 ᖳ㸭᭮ 11 ࠊ 29 CW27㸝1980: 252㸞 ࠉ࣌ࣈ࢞ࣤࢪࡡᡥ⣤ࠉ1942 ᖳ 10 ᭮ 13 ࠊ 30 CW27㸝1980: 255㸞 ࠉ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡡᡥ⣤ࠉ1942 ᖳ 10 ᭮ 14 ࠊ 31 ࡆࡡṹⴘࡢᖲ㸝2003: 745-760㸞ࡵཤ↯ࠊ 32 ࡆࡡ⌦⏜ࡢ᪺࡚࠵ࡾࠊ㸦ெ┘ࡱ࡚ࡢ୦ばࡡ㈈௴ࠉ㸧ெ┘࠾ࡼࡢᅗᐓຐ ᚪさ࡛⩻࠻ࡼࡿࡒࡒࡴࡓࢀ࠹࠾ࠊ 26 8 ࡁࡾࡆ࡛࠾ࡼࠉࡐࡡ๎㝎ࢅᘿࡊࡒࠊࡒࡓࡊ᭩ᚃ࡞ࡢࢢࣤࢫࡡ᪁㆙Ṅࡊ࡙ ࠷ࡾࠊ௧୕ࡡ┞㐢Ⅴࡢ㍇᚜࡚࠵ࡽࠉ㛣ࢅ㈕ࡷࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ࡞ࡢᮇ㈻ⓏㄵⅤ࡚ ࡢ࠾ࡖࡒࠊ ୦⩽ࡡ༝഼ࡢྜྷࡋୠ⏲ふࢅභ᭯ࡊ࡙࠷ࡒࡒࡴ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡐࡡౚࢅḗࡡ㸩Ⅴᣪࡅ ࡙࠽ࡆ࠹ࠊ➠㸦࡞ࠉ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩሒ࿈ࡢࢢࣤࢫࡡ࣏ࢠࣞ⤊ῥᏕࢅ๑ᥞ࡞ࡊ࡙ ᵋ⠇ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ≁࡞⏤Ⓩ 1941 ᖳ⟤㸝ࣤࣆࣝ࢟ࣔࢴࣈ࣬⥪㞺さ࣬⥪౩ ⤝ࡡ᥆ゝ㸞࡚ࡵ⏕࠷ࡼࡿࡒᅗẰᡜᚋ᥆ゝࡷࠉ㞺⤝㛭౿ࡡ୦㟻⩻៎㢟ⴥ ≁ᚡ࡚࠵ࡾ33ࠊࡐࡿࡹ࠻ࠔ♣ఌಕ㝸⟤ࠕ⤄ࡲ㎲ࡱࡿࡒሒ࿈᭡ྊ⬗࡞ࡖࡒࠊ ➠㸧࡞ࠉᴏࢅ㍇΅ࡌࡾ᱄࡞ྜྷណ࠵ࡾࠊ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡢᙔิࠔよ㞘⛧ࠕdismissal tax ࢅᥞ᱄ࡊࡒࠊࡆࡿࡢよ㞘ࡊࡒᴏ࡞ᠤ⨡Ⓩᣈฝࢅịࡴࡾࡵࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࢢ ࣤࢫࡢࡆࡡ᱄࡞ධ㟻Ⓩ࡞㈰ྜྷࡊࡒ34ࠊࡱࡒ࣐࣭ࢺࡢ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩ᱄ࢅぜ࡙ࠉಕ 㝜ᩩ࡛ᬊẴࢅ㏻ິࡈࡎࡒⓆᒈ᱄ࢅషࡖࡒࠊ♣ఌಕ㝜ࡡమโࢅᬊẴንິࡡ⥾࡞ ⏕࠷ࡻ࠹࡛ࡊࡒࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࢢࣤࢫࡢ්⩻ࡊ࡙㈰ᠺ࡞ᅂࡽࠉᴏ⋙㸭㸚ࢅᇱ‵ ࡞ࡊ࡙ࠔࡐࡿ௧ୖ࡚ࡢᣈฝ㔘ࢅቌຊࡈࡎࠉࡐࡿ௧୕࡚ࡢ᛬㏷࡞΅ᑛࡈࡎࡾࠕ 㸝CW27 1980/1942: 208㸞࡛࠷࠹㔖ᨳ➿ࢅ⇍ᚨ࡞ㄕ࠷ࡒ35ࠊ➠㸨࡞ࠉ⮤ຐຑງ ࡛ᅗᐓᨾῥࡡ㐲ว⤄ࡲྙࢂࡎࢅ୦⩽ࡢᶅ⣬ࡊ࡙࠷ࡒࠊࡆࡡሔ㟻ࡢࠉཪយ⤄ྙ ࡡᨥᣚ࡛ᣈฝཋ์ࡡᇻᣚ࡞❒࠻ࡾࠊ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡢཪយ⤄ྙࢅࡆࡡࡢ ᙁງ࡞ᨥᣚࡌࡾࡻ࠹࡞ࡖ࡙࠷ࡒ36ࠊࢢࣤࢫࡵྜྷㄢࡊࠉࠔ⚶ࡢெẴࡷර ࡞ങ࠻࡙᭩ᨾᥴ㔘ࢅ୕ᅂࡾ㢘ࢅ⏕ណࡌࡾཪយ⤄ྙ➴ࡡ⤄⧂ࢅዜທࡊࡒ࠷ࠉ࡛ ࠷࠹Ⅴ࡚࠵ࡒ࡛ྜྷណぜ࡚࠵ࡾࠕ 㸝CW27 1980/1942: 205㸞࡛㏑ࡒࠊࡱࡒࠉ ࠔࠍ ࡡࢦ࣭ࣄࢪ㈕⏕ࢅࠉࡐࡿᥞ౩ࡈࡿࡾ″ἠ࡛ྊ⬗㝀ࡽ㛭㏻ࡘࡄࡾࡆ࡛͐࠷ ࡖࡐ࠹㔔さ࡛ࡽࠕࠉࠔධఌゝࢅ⥌ᣚࡊࠉຝ⋙ᛮࢅῼᏽࡊࠉ⟿⣑ࢅທ⾔͐ࡌ ࡾ။ୌࡡ᪁Ἢࠕ 㸝CW27 1980/1942: 224-225㸞࡛ࢢࣤࢫࡢ㏑ࡒࠊಕ㝜ࡡᣚࡗ ᣈฝཋ์ࡡධ㟻Ⓩಘ㢏࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡐࡿࡹ࠻ࠉᨳᗋⓉ᭡ࠖ♣ఌಕ㝜ࠗ 㸝1944㸞ࡡ ㉫ⲙ᱄ࢅぜࡒࠉࢢࣤࢫࡢኬ࠷࡞Ⴟ࠷ࡒࠊ ࠔᣈฝཋ์ࡡᨲᲘ࡞ࡵ➴ࡊ࠷ࡷࡽ᪁ࡢࠉᠻࠍࢅᾇᅒࡡ࠷ᾇ࡞ᑙࡂࡆ࡛࡞ ࡾ͐ࠊ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩゝ⏤͐ᢜ⩄࡞Ꮽࡂࡗࡂࡵࡡ࡚࠵ࡾ͐ࠊ͐ࡆࡿࡼࡡᥞ᱄ 33 34 35 36 Moggridge㸝1980/1976: 131ࠉゼ 157㸞ࡡᣞᦤ࡞ࡻࡾࠊ CW27㸝1980: 205, 207㸞ࡡ㸧⟘ᡜ࡞࠵ࡾࠊ ኬⶮ┤ࡡཬᑊ࡚ࠉࡆࡡ᱄ࡢ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩሒ࿈࠾ࡼ㝎አࡈࡿࡒࠊ Beveridge㸝1942: 144, para.379㸞ࢅཤ↯ࠊ 9 ࠾ࡼஊ㞫ࡊࡻ࠹࡛Ửណࡌࡿࡣࠉࡒࡓࡔ࡞⤊㈕ࡡ㔔さቌኬࢅࡵࡒࡼࡌ͐ࠊࠕ 㸝CW27 1980/1942: 263㸞 ➠㸩࡞ࠉࢢࣤࢫࡢ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡡ♣ఌಕ㝸మโࠉ⮤ࡼࡡ࣏ࢠࣞ⤊ῥᏕ࣓ࢸ ࣜࡡ୯࡚ይᚘ⎌ࢅᣅࡂ࡛⮤てࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ࠔᠻࠍࡡᅗẰᡜᚋࡆࡡ᱄ࡡඔ࡚ࠉㇿബ ࡡᩐಶࡡ㏷ࡈ࡚ቌኬࡌࡾࡡࢅጄࡅࡾࡵࡡࡢరࡵ࠷ࠕ37ࠊ㸩ࡗࡡッゕࡢࡌ࡙ࠉ ୦⩽ࡡ㔔ኬ♣ఌふභ᭯ࡈࡿࡾࡆ࡛ࢅ♟ࡌࠊ ࢢࣤࢫࡢ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡡ᭩㝀ᅗẰಕ㝸࠽ࡻࡦᣈฝཋ์࡛࠷࠹㔔ኬୠ⏲ ふࢅභ᭯ࡊࡒࠊࡆࡡ㸧Ⅴࡆࡐࠉᅗᐓࡡ⩇ຸࢅ㧏ࡼ࠾࡞ㅳ࠷ࡗࡗࠉᕰẰࡡ⩇ຸࡷ ណᕝኰࢅᚸࡿ࠷ࠔ᩺ࡊ࠷⮤⏜⩇ New Liberalismࠕࡡ♼㧂࡚࠵ࡾࠊெ࡛ ᅗᐓࡡ㐲ว⾔ິẒ⋙ࢅ୦⩽ࡢ㏛࠷ịࡴ࡙࠷ࡒࠊࡆࡡよ㔐ࢅࡌࡾ㝀ࡽࠉා㢄ࡡ ࢪ࢞ࢸࣜࢪ࣭࢞ㄕࡢ㐲ว࡛ࡾࠊ ➠㸨⟿ ࠖ⮤⏜♣ఌ࡞࠽ࡄࡾᏰධ㞘⏕ࠗ ᚃ㒂షࡡ㸧␊┘ࠉ ࠖ⮤⏜♣ఌ࡞࠽ࡄࡾᏰධ㞘⏕ࠗࡢ 1944 ᖳ 11 ᭮࡞ฝ∟ࡈ ࡿࡒࠊᮇ⟿࡚ࡢᮇ᭡ᚉᮮࡡぜよࡻࡽࡵࠉ々㞟ᵋ㏸࡞ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࡆ࡛࡞Ἰ┘ ࡌࡾࠊࡱࡍࡐࡡᠺ❟㐛⛤ࢅᴣふࡌࡾࠊḗ࡞ࢢࣤࢫࡡࠖୌ⯙⌦ㄵ࡛ࠗᑊẒࡌࡾࠊ ᭩ᚃ࡞ᮇ᭡≺⮤ࡡన⨠ࡘࡄࢅ⩻ᐳࡌࡾࠊ 3-1 ᮇ᭡ࡡᠺ❟㐛⛤ ᮇ᭡ࡢ々㞟ᠺ❟㐛⛤ࢅ㎲ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ㛣ࡡὮࡿ㏳ࡽ࡞ࠉ㸪ࡗࡡᑻ㟻࡞ฦࡄ ࡙⣵㏑ࡊࡻ࠹ࠊ ➠㸦ṹ㝭ࡢ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩ⮤㌗ࡡᙁ࠷ิິᶭ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ࠖ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩሒ࿈࡚ࠗ 㸨ࡗࡡ๑ᥞࢅᦤฝࡊ࡙࠷ࡒᙴࡢࠉࡐࡡ᭩ኬࡡ๑ᥞ㸝Ᏸධ㞘⏕㸞ࡡ◂✪࡞⮤ࡼ❟ ࡔྡྷ࠾ࡖࡒࠊ♣ఌಕ㝸ࡡࠔሒ࿈᭡ࡡࢦࣤࡡࣤࢠࡵஜ࠾࠹ࡔ࡞ࠉḗࡡሒ࿈ ࡞ཱིࡽ⤄ࡳࡆ࡛࡞ࡖࡒࠕ㸝Beveridge 1955: 327㸞ࠊ1942 ᖳ 11 ᭮࡞ࡢ᪡ࡂࡵࣆ ࢘ࣄࣤ༝ఌ࡚ࠔ⚶௺ᴏࡡḖⅤࡢᴏࢅ㜭ࡅ࠷ࡆ࡛࡚ࠉᅗᐓゝ⏤ྊḖࡓࠕ CW27㸝1980/1942: 259-260㸞ࠉ㈏᪐㝌࡚ࡡⁿㄕཋ✇ࠉ1943 ᖳ㸧᭮ 24 ࠊ㈏ ᪐㝌࡞ิⓇᖿࡌࡾࢢࣤࢫ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩሒ࿈࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ⁿㄕࡊࡻ࠹࡛ࡊࡒࠉ ࠔኬࡀᅸງࠕ࡚᩷ᛍࡈࡿࡒࠊࢢࣤࢫࡢࠔኬⶮ┤හࡡெࠍ࡛⌟ᅹࡡ㛭౿ࢅ㟸 ᖏ࡞㔔っࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠕ࡛㏑ࠉ᩷ᛍࡡ⌦⏜ࢅࡡ࡙࠷ࡾࠊCW27㸝1980/1942: 256㸞ࠊ 37 10 ࡛㏑ࡒ38ࠊ1943 ᖳ㸦᭮ 19 ࡞ࡢࣈ࣏ࣛࢪ࡚ࠔ❋இ࡛ᛨ࠾ࡼࡡ⮤⏜ࠕ࡛㢗ࡊ ࡒㅦⁿࢅ⾔ࡖࡒࠊ㸧᭮࡞ࡢ㞘⏕⥌ᣚࡡၡ㢗࡞ࡵࡖ࡛ኬࡀ㛭ᚨࢅᐞࡎ࡙࠷ࡾ࡛ ᡥ⣤࡞᭡ࡀࠉ㸨᭮࡞ࡢࠔ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩሒ࿈ࡢࡵࡢࡷ⚶ࡡ㛭ᚨᑊ㇗࡚ࡢ࠷ࠕ࡛ ᩷ゕࡌࡾ࡞⮫ࡖࡒ39ࠊࡊ࠾ࡊᅂࡢᨳᗋࡡᥴຐࡢ᭻ࡴࡍࠉᏰධ࡞⚶ெࡡ❟ሔ࡚Ᏸ ධ㞘⏕ࢅ◂✪ࡌࡾጟဤఌࢅ❟ࡔ୕ࡅࡉࡾࢅᚋ࠾ࡖࡒࠊ㈠㔘ࡢ㐅ṄⓏࣄࢩࢾ ࢪ࣏ࣤ㸨ெ40࡞ࡻࡾ༌ྞᥴຐ࡚ర࡛࠾㈝ࢂࡿࡒࠊࡐࡊ࡙ 1943 ᖳ㸩᭮㸭࡞ࡢ㟸 පᘟ㞘⏕ၡ㢗ㄢᰕࡡス⨠Ⓠ⾪ࡈࡿࡒ41ࠊ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡡ㞘⏕ၡ㢗ࡡ㛭ᚨࡢ ⮤ࡼࡡහ㒂࠾ࡼ•ࡀฝࡒࡵࡡ࡚࠵ࡖࡒࠊ ➠㸧ṹ㝭ࡢⱕࡀಆⱝࡡ♣ఌ⛁Ꮥ⩽࣬ㄢᰕᏻ࡞ฝఌࡖࡒࡆ࡛࡚࠵ࡾ42ࠊ⚶Ⓩጟဤ ఌ ࡞ ࡢ 㸬 ྞ㸝 ࠹ ࡔ ዥᛮ 㸨 ྞ 㸞ࡡ ᵋ ᠺ ဤ ࠷ ࡒ ࠊ ࢨ ࣭ࣖ ࣏ ࢴ ࣀ㸝 Ernst F. Schumacher 1911-1977㸞ࠉࢩ࣭ࣘࣤ࣬ࣞࣄࣤࢮࣤ㸝Joan Robinson 1903-1983㸞ࠉ ࢜ࣜࢺ㸝Nicholas Kaldor 1908-1986㸞ࠉࢴࢹࣤ㸝Barbara F. Wootton 1897-1988㸞ࡡ㸩ྞࡢ⤊ῥᏕ⩽࡛ࡲࡎࡾࡓࢀ࠹ࠊṟࡽࡡࣂࢴࢢࢻ࣑㸝Frank Packenham 1905-2001㸞 ࠉ࣭࢜ࣛࣜ㸝H.F. Carlill㸞ࠉ࣒㸝Elspeth Mair㸞ࡢ ♣ఌၡ㢗ㄢᰕᏻ࡛ࡲࡎࡾࡓࢀ࠹ࠊᙴࡼࡢ 14 ࣧ᭮࡞ῳࡖ࡙ࠉẎ᭮㸦ᅂࡢḿᘟ ఌྙࢅࣞࣤࢺࣤ୯ᚨ⾜࡚㛜ࡀࠉࡐࡿ௧አ࡞ࡵ㐄ᮆࡢ࢛ࢴࢠࢪࣆ࢚࣭ࢺኬᏕࢻࣆ ࣭ࣜࢺᰧ࡚ఌྙࢅ㔔ࡠࡒࠊࢨ࣭࣏ࣖࢴࣀࡢࢺࢵ࠾ࡼ㏠ࡿࠉΰ⟤ྜྷ┍᱄࡚ࢢ ࣤࢫ࡞Ἰ┘ࡈࡿᗂ㆜ࡈࡿࡒ43ࠊᚃ࡞ࠔᑚࡈ࠷ࡆ࡛ࡢⰃ࠷ࡆ࡛ࡓࠕ࡛࠷࠹ࢪ࣭ࣞ ࡚࢝ࣤୠ⏲Ⓩ࡞᭯ྞ࡞ࡖࡒࠊࣞࣄࣤࢮࣤࡢゕ࠹ࡱ࡚ࡵࡂࠉࢢࣤࢫࡡࠔࢦ ࣭࢜ࢪࠕࡡୌဤ࡚࠵ࡽࠉᚃ࡞␏❻ࡡ⤊ῥᏕ⩽࡛ࡖࡒࠊ࢜ࣜࢺࡢᙔิ LSE ࣞ ࣄࣤࢫࢦ࣭ࢠࣜࡡᙫ㡢ୖ࡞࠵ࡖࡒࠉ ࠖୌ⯙⌦ㄵࠗࡡฝ∟ᚃࠉ᛬㏷࡞ࢢࣤࢫ࡞ ㎾ࡊ࡙࠷ࡖࡒࠊᚃ࡞᭩ࡵ᭯ງ࣎ࢪࢹࢢࣤࢩࣤ࡞ࡾࠊࢴࢹࣤࡢࢢࣤ ࣇࣛࢴࢩኬᏕ࡚ཿ࡛⤊ῥᏕࢅᑍᨯࡊࠉࠖ♣ఌ⛁Ꮥ࡛♣ఌ⌦Ꮥࠗ㸝1959㸞 ḗࡡオ࠾ࡼࠊThe Times, “Economic Reform”, 25 November 1942ࠊ 㸧࡛᭮㸨᭮ࡡฝᮮࡢ Beveridge㸝1955: 328㸞࠾ࡼࠊ 40 ࡐࡡ࠹ࡔ㸦ெฝ∟ெࡡࣀࣜࢹࣤ㸝Edward G. Hulton 1906-1988㸞 ࠊಕᏬඨ ᨥᣚ࡚࠵ࡖࡒࠉ┷ሒ㐠⣤ Picture Post ࢅษࡌࡾὩ㌅ࡊࡒࠊ 41 The Times, “Plans for Employment”, 9 April 1943ࠊࡆࡡオࡢᨳᗋපᘟ ࡡጟဤఌࢅ❟ࡔ୕ࡅࡾࡀࡓ࡛㟸㞬ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ 42 ࡆࡡ⟿ࡢධమⓏ࡞ Harris㸝1997: 432-434㸞࡞ࡵ౪Ꮛࡌࡾࠊ 43 PRO, T 247/101, “Mr E F Schumacher's paper on multilateral clearing”, 1943ࠊࢨ࣭࣏ࣖࢴࣀࡢᩓᅗெ࡛ࡊ࡙ᙁโᐖᡜ࡞࠷ࡒࠉࢢࣤࢫよᨲࡊࠉ ᚃ࡞ᨳᗋ㛭㏻ࡡࡵ࠻ࡒࠊิࡴ࡙ఌࡖࡒ 1929 ᖳ 11 ᭮௧ᮮࠉࢢࣤࢫࡢࢨ ࣭࣏ࣖࢴࣀࡡ㧏࠷⬗ງࢅ⤧㈰ࡊ࡙࠷ࡒࠊWood㸝1984: 20,135㸞ࠊ 38 39 11 ኣᩐࡡᮇࢅⴥࡊࡒࠊᖲ➴࡞ᇱࡘࡂ♣ఌᨳ➿࣬ึᨭ㠁⏍ᾥࡡㄚ㢗࡚࠵ࡖࡒࠊ ࣂࢴࢢࢻ࣑ࡢಕᏬඨࡡㄢᰕᏻ࡛ࡊ࡙ฝⓆࡊࡒࠉࡷ࡙♣ఌ⩇࡞㎾ࡊ࡙ຘ ഼ඨࡡᨳᐓ࡞ࡖࡒࠊ ࠖ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩሒ࿈࡚ࠗࡢ㘋 F ࡡᅗẒ㍉࡚༝ງࡊ࡙ ࠷ࡒࠊ࣭࢜ࣛࣜࡢၛຸ┤ࡡྜྷേ࡚ࠉỀງ″ጟဤఌ Water Power Resources Committee㸝1919㸞ࡷ⏐ጟဤఌ Bankruptcy Committee㸝1924-1925㸞ࡡጟ ဤ࡛ࡊ࡙Ὡ㌅ࡊ࡙࠷ࡒࠊࡆࡡࡢ࡞ᘤ㏝ࡊࠉ⚶ெ࡚࠵ࡖࡒࠊ࣒ࡢጏࡡᮆፃ ࡚࠵ࡾࠊᙴࡼࡢኣᵕ⫴ᬊ࡛ណぜࢅᣚࡖ࡙࠷ࡒࠊࢢࣤࢫ⌦ㄵࢅ⇅▩ࡊ࡙࠷ࡒ ࢨ࣭࣏ࣖࢴࣀ࣬ࣞࣄࣤࢮࣤ࣬࢜ࣜࢺࡡᙫ㡢ງࡢゝࡽ▩ࡿ࠷ࠊ୯࡚ࡵࢨ࣭ࣖ ࣏ࢴࣀࢅؐؐࢢࣤࢫྜྷᵕؐؐ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡢኬࡀࡂ㢏ࡖࡒ44ࠊ ➠㸨ṹ㝭ࡢ㧏⣥ᏻേ࡛ࡡり࡚࠵ࡾ45ࠊ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡢᏻേࡡ୯࡞ࡵኣࡂࡡཪ ெࡷᓤᣇ⩽࠽ࡽࠉ୯࡞ࡢ┤හࡡᨳ➿Ửᏽ࡞ᙫ㡢ࢅཀྵࡎࡾ❟ሔࡡ⩽ࡵ࠷ࡒࠊ ࡐࡡౚ࡛ࡊ࡙ࠉၛຸ┤ࡡ࣠ࢹ࢞ࣤࢮࣤ㸝G. L. Watkinson㸞࡛ኬⶮ┤ࡡ࣭ࢸ 㸝Wilfrid Eady 1880-1962㸞ࢅᣪࡅࡾࠊ๑⩽ࡢ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩ࡛ୌ⥬࡞⇖ᩩ㒼⤝ ၡ㢗࡚ୌ⥬࡞഼࠷ࡒࡆ࡛࠵ࡾࠊၛຸ┤ኬ⮟࠾ࡼḿᘟ࡞ᴏၡ㢗ࢅゞ㆗ࡌࡾセ ྊࢅᚋࡒ46ࡡ࡚ࠉ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡡ⤄⧂ࡊࡒ⚶Ⓩጟဤఌ㸝⤊ῥᏕ⩽ࡡᢇ⾙ጟဤఌ the Technical Committee of Economists㸞࡞ฝᖆࡊ࡙࠷ࡒࠊၛຸ┤ࡡහ㒂㈠ᩩ࡞ࡻ ࡾ࡛ࠉ࣠ࢹ࢞ࣤࢮࣤࡢ㟸ᖏ࡞⇍ᚨ࡚ࠉ⮤㌗ࡓࡄ࡚ࡂ㸪ெࡡྜྷേࢅ㏻ࡿ࡙ఌྙ ࡞ཤຊࡊࡻ࠹࡛ࡊࡒ47ࠊ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡵ⚶Ⓩጟဤఌス⨠ࡡ├ᚃ࡞࣠ࢹ࢞ࣤࢮࣤ࡞ ᡥ⣤ࢅ㏞ࡽ48ࠉࡱࡒืࡡᶭఌ࡞ࡢᏰධ⚶Ⓩ᠋ㄧఌࡓࠉㄙ࡞࡚ࡵ㛜࠾ࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ ࡡ࡚ࡏࡥᮮ࡙ḟࡊ࠷࡛ㄇࡖ࡙࠷ࡾ49ࠊ࣭ࢸࡢຘ഼┤࡞Ễᖳ࠷ࡒࠉ࠷ࡂࡗ࠾ ࡡ┤ᖿ࡞⛛ິࡊࠉ᭩ᚃࡢኬⶮ┤ࡡྙྜྷຸḗᏻ joint second secretary ࡛ࡊ࡙ 44 ࠔᙴࡢࢨ࣭࣏ࣖࢴࣀ࡛࠷࠹ྞࡡⱕ࠷⤊ῥᏕ⩽ࡡぜよ࡞ᙫ㡢ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠕࠊ࣠ࢹ ࢞ࣤࢮࣤࡡ࣒࣓㸝1943.9.17㸞ࠊPRO, BT 64/3393ࠊࢨ࣭࣏ࣖࢴࣀࡡፃ࡞ࡻࡾఎ オ࡞ࡻࡿࡣࠉ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡢ᭩ᚃ࡞ࡢㄵ◒ࡈࡿ࡙ሒ࿈᭡ࡡᅰྋ࡛ࡊུ࡙ࡄථࡿ ࡒࠊࡒࡓ⤊ῥㄵண࡚ࡢົฺࡊࡒࢨ࣭࣏ࣖࢴࣀࡢࠉ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡡᴏ⩽ࡡຘ ࡽࡡᚨ࡞㟸ᖏ࡞ᙫ㡢ࢅུࡄࡒࠊWood㸝1984: 162, 164㸞ࠊ 45 ࡆࡡ⟿ࡢ Beveridge㸝1955: 329㸞ࡵཤ↯ࠊ 46 ࣂࢴࢢࢻ࣑࡛ၛຸኬ⮟リࡊࡒ⤎ᯕࠉ࣠ࢹ࢞ࣤࢮࣤࡢࡱ࡚㏳ࡽ࣊ࣥࣛࢴ ࢩࡡఌྙ࡞ฝᖆࡊ࡙ࡻ࠷ࠉ㍲ฝ࡞㛭ࡌࡾࢸ࣭ࢰࢅᥞ౩ࡊ࡙ࡻ࠷࡛ᏽࡴࡼࡿࡒࠊ PRO, BT 64/3393ࠉ࣠ࢹ࢞ࣤࢮࣤࡡ࣒࣓ࠉ1943 ᖳ 10 ᭮ 23 ࠊ 47 PRO, BT 64/3393ࠉ࣠ࢹ࢞ࣤࢮࣤ࠾ࡼ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡡ⛆᭡ࠉ1943 ᖳ㸫᭮ 30 ࠊ 48 PRO, BT 64/3393ࠉ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡡ⛆᭡࠾ࡼ࣠ࢹ࢞ࣤࢮࣤࣉࠉ1943 ᖳ㸩᭮ 10 ࠊ 49 PRO, BT 64/3393ࠉ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩ࠾ࡼ࣠ࢹ࢞ࣤࢮࣤࣉࠉ1943 ᖳ 10 ᭮ 11 ࠊ 12 10 ᖳ㛣഼࠷ࡒ50ࠊ࣠ࢹ࢞ࣤࢮ࡛ࣤྜྷᵕ࡞࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡡཿࡂ࠾ࡼࡡ▩ࡽྙ࠷࡚ ࠵ࡽࠉᡋ㛣ࡢᴏၡ㢗࡞ᚉࡊ࡙࠷ࡒ51ࠊ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡡᏻ⏲ࡡᙫ㡢ງࡢࡱ ࡓኬࡀ࠾ࡖࡒࠊ ➠㸩ṹ㝭ࡢᨳᗋࡡ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩり⚏Ḿ௦࡚࠵ࡾࠊᴏಕ㝜Ἢᏽጟဤఌࡡ ㆗㛏ࡷ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩጟဤఌࡡ㆗㛏ࡐ࠹࡚࠵ࡖࡒࡻ࠹࡞ࠉᙔิࡡ⠂ᅑࢅ㐥࠾࡞ 㥑ࡌࡾᨳ➿❟᱄ࡡ㔕ᚨࡢࠉᮇ∸ࡡᨳ➿Ửᏽ⩽ࢅ⃥ᛛࡈࡎࡒࠊࢲ࣭ࣔࢲࣜ㤫 ┞ࠉࣤࢱ࣭ࢮࣤⶮ┞ࠉࢲ࣭ࣔ࢘ࣜᨥᡮ⥪┐භ㏳ࡡ᎒ᝇࢅ࣊ࣥࣛࢴ ࢩ࡞វࡋ࡙࠷ࡒࠊኬⶮ┤ຸḗᏻࡡ࣌ࣈ࢞ࣤࢪࡢᏻേࡡࢹࢴࣈ࡛ࡊ࡙ࠉᨳᗋࡡ ࡡ㒂㛓ࡡᙲெؐؐ⤊ῥᏕ⩽ࢅྱࡲؐؐࡵࠉ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩ࡛ᴏၡ㢗࡞㛭ࡊ࡙ ណぜஹᥦࡊ࡙ࡢࡼ࠷࡛┤ᖿ࡞㏳㐡ࡊࡒ52ࠊ࣭ࢸࡵ࣠ࢹ࢞ࣤࢮࣤࡵᚉࢂ ࡉࡾࢅᚋࡂࠉ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩ࡞᩷ࡽࡡᡥ⣤ࢅ᭡࠷ࡒࠊཿࡂ࠾ࡼࡡ▩ெᯙᐠ㢫 ၡᏻ࡞ࡖࡒࡆ࡛ࢅ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩ♻⚗ࡊࡒࠉ┞ᡥࡢࠔ྇ႋࡈࡿࡾ࠾࡛ᜅࡿ ࡙ࠉࢆ᪁Ἢ࡚ࡵ࠵ࡒ࡛りࡌࡾࡡࡢ㌅㌃ࡊࡒࠕ 㸝Beveridge 1955: 329-330㸞 ࡛ࡻ࠹ࡷࡂ㏁ࢅࡻࡆࡊࡒࠊ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩ㞘⏕ၡ㢗࡞ࡗ࠷࡙リࡊྙ࠷ࡒ࠷࡛ ࢢࣤࢫ࡞ᥞ᱄ࡊࡒࠉ⚏Ḿࢅུࡄ࡙࠷ࡾ㌗ࡡ࡚㐪៎ࡊࡒ࠷࡛ᅂ➽ࡈࡿࡒࠊ ࢢࣤࢫࡢ࡞ኬⶮ┤㢫ၡ࡚࠵ࡽࠉᨳᗋ࡞ࡻࡾ㞘⏕ၡ㢗ࡡゝ⏤࡞ࡂ㛭ࡊ࡙ ࠷ࡒࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡢ▩ࡾࡻࡊࡵ࠾ࡖࡒࠉ࣠ࢹ࢞ࣤࢮࣤࡢࡆࡡỬ ᏽ࡞ᙁࡂཬⓆࡊࠉḗࡡぜよࢅオ㘋࡞ṟࡊ࡙࠷ࡒࠊ ࠔ⚶ࡢ࣑ࣛ࣬࣊ࣥࣛࢴ ࢩ༽ࢅ↋♡࡞࠹ࡆ࡛࡞ࠉ᭩ኬ㝀ࡡ⚶Ⓩཬᑊࢅࡄຊ࠻ࡄࡿࡣࡼ࠷ࠊ రࡡྙ⌦Ⓩㄕ᪺ࡊ࡞ࠉᙴࡡᣅᙽࢅᢼࡲ⤾ࡄࡾࡆ࡛ࡢࠉ↋♡࡛វࡋࡾࡓࢀ࠹ ࠾ࡼ࡚࠵ࡾࠕ53ࠊࡱࡒࡆࡡ⚏Ḿ௦ࡢ࣏ࢪࢤ࣐࡞ࡵ⁻ࡿࠉኬࡀཬ㡢ࢅࡵࡒࡼࡊࡒࠊ ࡐࡡ⤎ᯕࠉᗚẰ㝌࡚ࡵ㈏᪐㝌࡚ࡵࠉᨳᗋࡢ⃥ࡊ࠷㟸㞬࡞ࡈࡿࡒࠊࡊ࠾ࡊ௲ࡡ ᯙᐠ㢫ၡᏻࢅጙࡴ࡛ࡊ࡙ࠉᨳᗋࡢࡆࡡ⚏Ḿ௦ࢅᚪṒ࡚᧞㆜ࡊࡒࠊౚ࠻ࡣ 1943 ᖳ 12 ᭮㸬ࡡᗚẰ㝌࡚ࠉࣤࢱ࣭ࢮࣤⶮ┞ࡢࡆࡡᡥ⣤ࡢ⚶ධ㈈௴ࢅㇿ࠹⩽ࡓࠉ පຸဤᏬࡾࡀୌ⯙Ⓩཋ์ࢅ්☔ヾࡊࡒ࡞㐛ࡁ࠷54࡛ࡊ࡙ࠉධࡂᅂࡡណ 50 㞘⏕ၡ㢗࡞ኬ࠷࡞㛭ᚨ࠵ࡽࠉࢢࣤࢫࡡᥞ᱄࡞ࡵࡒࡦࡒࡦ࣒࣓ࢅṟࡊ࡙࠷ ࡾࠊPeden㸝2004: 318㸞ࡵぜࡻࠊ 51 ㈜㔘⋙࡛⏍Ὡ㈕࡞㛭ࡌࡾ⏐ᴏၡ㢗ࡡᡥ⣤ṟࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊPRO, LAB 2/875/I&S525/2/1922ࠊ 52 PRO, BT 64/3393ࠉ࣌ࣈ࢞ࣤࢪ࠾ࡼ࢛࣭ࣁ࣭ࢹ࣭ࣤ㸝ၛຸ┤ຸḗᏻ㸞ࡡ ᡥ⣤ࠉ1943 ᖳ 11 ᭮㸧ࠊ 53 PRO, BT 64/3393ࠉ࣠ࢹ࢞ࣤࢮࣤࡡ࣒࣓ࠉ1943 ᖳ 11 ᭮㸮ࠊ 54 The Times, “The House of Commons, Beveridge Inquiry, the Letter to 13 ᛦ࠷ࡆ࡛ࢅ♟ࡊࡒࠊ12 ᭮ 10 ࡡ㈏᪐㝌࡚ࡵࠉ᭩㔔さ㆗㢗࡛ࡊཱི࡙ࡽ୕ࡅ ࡼࡿࠉኣࡂࡡ㆗ဤၡࢅ࿆ࡊࡒࠊ࠵ࡾ㆗ဤࡢᨳᗋࡆࡡࡻ࠹ᩝ᭡ࢅ㏳㐡ࡊ ࡒࡡࡢ㐿᠅ࡓ࡛ࡊࠉᢇ⾙Ⓩ࡞ࡢࢢࣤࢫ༽ࡵ࢜ࢴࢹ࣭༽55ࡵපຸဤࡡࡓ࠾ࡼࠉ ᙴࡼ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩ༽࡛Ᏸධ㞘⏕࡞ࡗ࠷࡙༝㆗࡚ࡀ࠷ࡡࡢ㐲วࡓ࡛᩷ࡋࡒࠊ ืࡡ㆗ဤࡢࡆࡡỬᏽࡢ⮤⏜࡛Ằ⩇࡞ཬࡌࡾ࡛ࡊࡒ56ࠊ࣏ࢪࢤ࣐ࡵୌ࡞ᨳᗋ ࢅᢀึࡊࡒ57ࠊ୯࡚ࡵ࢙ࠖࢤࢿ࣐ࢪࢹࠗࡢཚࡊࡂࠉࠔࡆࡡỬᏽࡢ͐පᘟឺᗐ࡛ ࡊ࡙㤷㮭ࡅࡒౚ࡚࠵ࡾࠕ࡛ࡊࠉࠔḿࡊ࠷㈻ၡ࡞ḿࡊࡂ➽࠻ࡾ࡛࠷࠹㆗ㄵ࡞㛭ࡊࠉ පᘟぜよ࡛㟸පᘟぜよ⮤⏜࡞භྜྷ࡚ࡀࡾ࡛࠷࠹ࡆ࡛ࠉẰⓏណᛦ㏳ࡡ ᙁࡈ࡚࠵ࡾࠕ࡛ᘿࡊࡒ58ࠊ ➠㸪ṹ㝭ࡢࠔⓉ᭡ࡡ㏛࠷࠾ࡄࡇࡖࡆࠕWhite Paper Chase59࡚࠵ࡖࡒࠊᨳᗋࡢ ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩ࡛ࡡஹὮࢅ⚏Ḿࡊࡒࡓࡄ࡚ࡂࠉ⮤ࡼࡡᡥ࡚Ᏸධ㞘⏕࡞ᑊࡌࡾሒ ࿈᭡ࢅషᠺࡊࠉ㥉ࡄ࡙ප⾪ࡊࡻ࠹࡛ࡊࡒ60ࠊᙴࡵ⚏Ḿ௦࡛࠷࠹㏣ሾࢅࣁࢾ࡞ࠉ ᩺ࡊ࠷ሒ࿈᭡ࢅ୕ࡅࡾ࡛࠷࠹┘ᵾ࡞✲ࡀ㐅ࢆ࡚࠷ࡖࡒࠊᨳᗋࡢࠖ㞘⏕ᨳ➿ࠗ ࡛㢗ࡌࡾⓉ᭡ࢅ 1944 ᖳ㸪᭮ 26 ࡞ප⾪ࡊࡒ61ࠊࠖ⮤⏜♣ఌ࡞࠽ࡄࡾᏰධ㞘⏕ࠗ ༰ใᡜ࡞㏞ࡼࡿ࡙㸭ᚃࡡࡆ࡛ࡓࡖࡒࠊ ࠔᡋ࡞ࡢ⚶Ⓩฝ∟࠾࠾ළ⁝ ࡞ࡢ⾔ࢂࡿ࠷ࠕ㸝Beveridge 1945/1944: 259㸞ࡒࡴ࡞ࠉᮇ᭡ࡡ┘ࢅぜࡒࡡ ࡢ 11 ᭮ࡡࡆ࡛ࡓࡖࡒࠊ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡢᨳᗋⓉ᭡⮤ฦࡡሒ࿈᭡ࡡ㏛࠷ⴘ࡛ࡊࢅ ≲ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾ࡛វࡋࡒࠊ☔࠾࡞ࢲ࣭ࣔ࢘ࣜ༽ࡢࡐࡡណᅒ࠵ࡖࡒ62ࠊࡱࡒ࣊ Civil Servants”, 8 December 1943. 55 Lord Catto㸝1879-1959㸞 ࠉᚃࡡࣤࢡࣚࣤࢺ㖗⾔⥪ࠊᙔࡢኬⶮ┤ࡡ㔘 ⼝ຐゕᏻࠊ 56 The Times, “Planning after the War, House of Lords, Task for Sir William Beveridge”, 11 December 1943. 57 The Times, 29 November 1943, 7 December 1943, New Chronicle, 27 November, 1943, Daily Telegraph, 27 November 1943 ࠊEvening Standard ࡞ࡢ㢴ๆ₌⏤ᐓࣞ㸝David Low 1891-1963㸞ࡡ⤦ࡵ࠵ࡾࠊ௧୕ࡡ࠷ ࡂࡗ࠾ࡢ PRO, BT 64/3393 ࡡ୯࡞วࡽᢜࡀಕᏋࡊ࡙࠵ࡾࠊ 58 The Economist, “Hush, Hush”, 4 December 1943. 59 ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩ⮤㌗ࡡ⾪⌟ࠊBeveridge㸝1955: 330㸞 ࠊRobbins㸝1971: 189-190㸞 ࡢࡳࡊࢀ࣐࣭ࢺ࡛⮤ฦ᭩ิ࡞㞘⏕ၡ㢗ࢅ⩻࠻࡙࠷࡙ࠉࡐࡿ࡞࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩ 㣍ࡦࡗࡆ࠹࡛ࡊࡒ࡛⾪⌟ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊᐁࡢຘ഼ඨࡵᏰධ㞘⏕ၡ㢗ࡡᥞ᱄᭡ࢅฝࡊ ࡙࠷ࡒࠊࡊ࠾ࡵᑙ⩽ࡡࢺ࣭ࣜࢹࣤ࡞ࡻࡿࡣࠉ1944 ᖳ㸩᭮ප⾪ࡡ࡚ࠔᠻࠍ 㸦␊ࡓࠕ࡛ーࡖ࡙࠷ࡒࠊDurbin㸝1985: 262㸞 ࠊ 60 ࡆࡡࡢẗฺ㸝1990: ➠㸩❮㸞࡞レࡊ࠷ࠊPeden㸝2004: 308㸞ࡵཤ↯ࠊ 61 ࢢࣤࢫ࡛ࡆࡡⓉ᭡ࡡ㛭౿ࡢࠉᖲ㸝2003: ❮㸧㸞ࢅཤ↯ࠊ 62 PRO, CAB 66/42/15, “Reconstruction Plans. Memorandum by the 14 ࣥࣛࢴࢩୌ㒂ࡡᨳᐓࡷᏻേ࠾ࡼ↦ࡒࡿ࡙࠷ࡒࡡࡢᐁ࡚࠵ࡖࡒࠊࡊ࠾ ࡊᨳᗋහ㒂࡞ࡵᏰධ㞘⏕ࢅ㏛ịࡌࡾ㞗ᅆ㸝࣐࣭ࢺ➴㸞࠷ࡒࡡࡵ☔࠾ࡓࡊࠉࡐ ࡿࢅᚃᢪࡊࡌࡾ᭯ᙟ↋ᙟࡡᅸງࡵ࠵ࡖࡒࠊ 3-2 ᮇ᭡ࡡࢢࣤࢫⓏහᐖ ࠖ⮤⏜♣ఌ࡞࠽ࡄࡾᏰධ㞘⏕ࠗࡢࢢࣤࢫ⌦ㄵࡡུᐖ࡛ゕࢂࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ63ࠊࡆࡡ ⟿࡚ࡢࡐࡡ㏳ㄕࢅᢀึⓏ࡞᳠ゞࡌࡾ࡛භ࡞ࠉ࡞ࠖୌ⯙⌦ㄵ࡛ࠗࡡẒ㍉࡞࠽࠷ ࡙రභ㏳࠾ࠉర࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡡ≺⮤࠾ࢅ⭂ฦࡄࡌࡾࠊࡱࡍࡢࢢࣤࢫⓏさ ⣪ࢅึ᩷ࡈࡿࡾࡵࡡࢅ⌦ㄵฦᯊ࣬ᨳ➿ࡡ୦㟻࠾ࡼ⩻࠻ࡾࠊḗ࡞࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩ≺ ⮤ࡡさ⣪ࢅᣞᦤࡌࡾࠊ᭩ᚃ࡞ᮇ᭡ࢅ㈇ࡂ♣ఌふ࡛ࠉ ࠖ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩሒ࿈࡛ࠗࡡ㛭 ㏻ࢅࡱ࡛ࡴࡾࠊ ᮇ᭡ࡢࢢࣤࢫ⌦ㄵࡡ࠷⌦よ࠾ࡼᇮ➱ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆࡡࡆ࡛ࢅḗࡡ㸨Ⅴ࠾ ࡼ☔ヾࡊࡻ࠹ࠊ➠㸦࡞ࠉᴏࢅฦᯊࡌࡾ㝷࡞ධమࡡ᭯ຝ㞺さ effective demand 㘵࡛ࡽࠉࡊ࠾ࡵࡆࡡ㞺さ㊂ࡊࡔ࡛࠷࠹ၡ㢗ណㆉ࠵ࡾࠊᴏⓆ⏍ ࡌࡾ⌦⏜ࡢࠉ᭯ຝ㞺さධమ࡛ࡊ࡙ࡡຘ഼ງ࡞ぜྙ࠹༎ฦ࡚࠷࠾ࡼ࡚࠵ ࡾ㸝Beveridge 1945/1944: 24, para.20㸞ࠊ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡢ᭯ຝ㞺さࢅࠖୌ⯙⌦ㄵࠗ ࡞࠽ࡄࡾ㞬よᏽ⩇64࡚ࡢࡂࠉ㏳ᖏ࡞Ὦᕱࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾᏽ⩇࡚ㄕ᪺ࡌࡾࠊࡌࢂ ࡔ㈀࣬ࢦ࣭ࣄࢪࢅᨥᡮ࠹ࡄ࠵ࡾḟị࡚࠵ࡾ㸝Beveridge 1945/1944: 404㸞ࠊ ᙴࡢ➠ୌḗୠ⏲ኬᡋࡡ๑ᚃ࡚ࡢࠉຘ഼ᕰሔࡡၡ㢗ධࡂንࢂࡖ࡙ࡊࡱࡖࡒࡆ࡛ ࢅヾㆉࡌࡾࠊࡐࡊ࡙⌟ᅹࡢࠔ⥪㞺さࡡ㊂ࡢ᭩ࡵ㔔さ࡚࠵ࡾࠕ㸝Beveridge 1945/1944: 26, para.24 㸞ࠊ ➠㸧࡞ ࠉࠔ 㞘⏕ ࡢᨥฝ ࡞ ౪Ꮛ ࡌࡾ ࠕ㸝Beveridge 1945/1944: 131, para.175㸞ࠊᨥฝ outlay ࡛ࡢࡆࡆ࡚ࡢᾐ㈕࡛ᢖ㈠࡛ᏽ⩇ࡈࡿࡾ ࡡ࡚ࠉ⥪㞺さ࡛ྜྷࡋ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡐࡊ࡙ࠔ⥪ᨥฝ㞘⏕ྊ⬗ධຘ഼ࢅ㞺さࡌࡾ ༎ฦ࡚࠷㝀ࡽࡢࠉᏰධ㞘⏕ࡢ㐡ᠺ࡚ࡀ࠷ࠕ㸝Beveridge 1945/1944: 134, para.180㸞ࠊࢢࣤࢫ࡛ྜྷᵕ65࡞ࠉ⥪㞺さഁ࠾ࡼ⤊ῥධమࡡᡜᚋ㸝GDP㸞ぞᏽ ࡈࡿࠉࡐࡿࡱࡒ㞘⏕ࢅぞᏽࡌࡾࡆ࡛ヾㆉࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆࡡࡻ࠹࡞⥪㞺さഁ Paymaster General”, 20 October 1943. ẗฺ㸝1990: 267ࠉἸ 22㸞ࡵྜྷୌࡡᩝ ᭡ࢅཤ↯ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠉฦ㢦␊ྒ᩺ࡊࡂࡖࡒࡻ࠹࡚࠵ࡾࠊ 63 ౚ࡛ࡊ࡙ Harris㸝1997: 434㸞 ࠊ 64 ⥪㞺さ㛭ᩐ࡛⥪౩⤝㛭ᩐࡡஹཨࡌࡾⅤ㸝࠵ࡾ㞘⏕㔖࠾ࡼ௺ᴏᙽ࡚ࡀࡾ ୕㔘㢘㸞ࡐࡡᏽ⩇࡚࠵ࡾࠊCW7㸝1973/1936: 25,55㸞ࠊ 65 ᾐ㈕ᛮྡྷ࣬Ὦິᛮ㐽ይ࣬㈠ᮇࡡ㝀⏲ຝ⋙࣬㈜㔘༟న࣬㈄ᖨ㔖࡛࠷࠹≺❟ንᩐ ᅗẰᡜᚋ࡛㞘⏕㔖ࢅỬᏽࡌࡾࠊCW7㸝1973/1936: 247㸞ࠊ 15 ࢅฝⓆⅤ࡛ࡊ࡙㞘⏕ࢅ⤂╌Ⅴ࡛ࡌࡾᅄᯕᚂࡡぜ᪁ᮇ᭡ࢅ㈇࠷࡙࠷ࡾࠊ➠㸨࡞ࠉ ⤊ῥ⮤ິㄢᩒᶭ⬗ࢅᣚࡖ࡙࠷࠷࡛ヾㆉࡈࡿࡾࠊౚ࠻ࡣࠉฺᏄ⋙㈋࡛ᢖ ㈠ࢅᆍ⾦ࡈࡎࡒࡽ66ࠉࡐࡡ⤎ᯕ࡛ࡊ࡙ຘ഼㞺さ࡛ຘ഼౩⤝ࢅୌ⮬ࡈࡎࡒࡽࡌࡾࡆ ࡛ࡢ࠷ࠊྜྷᵕ࡞ࠉࣅࢡ࣭ 1913 ᖳࡷ 1927 ᖳ࡞ᘿࡊࡒࡡ࡛ࡢ㏣࡞ࠉ㈜㔘⋙ ࡡ ㄢ ᩒ࡞ ࡻࡖ ࡙ ᴏࢅ ࡂ ࡌࡆ ࡛ ࡢ࡚ ࡀ ࠷ 㸝Beveridge 1945/1944: 96, para.125㸞ࠊࡆࡆ࡚ࡢฺᏄ⋙ࡷ㈜㔘⋙࡞ࠉᆍ⾦ࡡㄢᩒᶭ⬗ࡵࡢࡷ࠷ࡆ࡛ ᪺ࡼ࠾࡞ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࣂ࣒࣭ࣚࢰᅹ࡚࠵ࡖࡒࡽࠉㄏࡖࡒᶭ⬗ࢅぜࡎࡒࡽࠉ ᵕࠍⅤ࡚Ᏸධ㞘⏕ࢅᑙ࠾࠷ࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ௧୕㸨Ⅴ࠷ࡍࡿࡵࠉ ࠖୌ⯙⌦ㄵࠗࡡ ୯ᚨⓏ㢗ࢅ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡐࡡࡱࡱུᐖࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࡆ࡛ࢅ♟ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ࢢࣤࢫࡡ࠷⌦よࡢ⌦ㄵ㟻ࡓࡄ࡚ࡂࠉᨳ➿㟻࡞ࡵ⌟ࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ්ࡦ㸨 Ⅴࢅᣞᦤࡊࡻ࠹ࠊ➠㸦࡞ࠉ⥪ᨥฝࢅᏰධ㞘⏕࡞ぜྙ࠹ࡓࡄ༎ฦ࡞ࠉᅗᐓ㈈௴ ࢅᣚࡖ࡙ᤤฝࡊࡄࡿࡣࡼ࠷㸝Beveridge 1945/1944: 29, para.31㸞ࠊ⚶Ⓩᨥ ฝ㊂ࡌࡾࡼࡣࠉපⓏᨥฝ࡚࠹ࡆ࡛࡚ࠉධమ࡛ࡊ࡙ࡡ㞺さࡌ࡙ࡡெ ࢅ㞘⏕ࡌࡾࡡ࡞༎ฦࡱ࡚ᅗᐓ㈈௴ࢅᣚࡗ67ࠊ➠㸧࡞ࠉࠔᢖ㈠ࡡ♣ఌࠕࡡᥞ ၌࠵ࡾࠊࢢࣤࢫࡢࠔᢖ㈠ࡡࡷࡷᗀ⠂♣ఌᏰධ㞘⏕࡞㎾࠷≟ឺࢅ☔ಕ ࡌࡾ။ୌࡡ᪁Ἢ࡞ࡾࠕ㸝CW7 1973/1936: 378㸞࡛㏑ࠉࠖୌ⯙⌦ㄵ࡚ࠗࡢපභ ᴏࡻࡽࡵࡳࡊࢀࠔᢖ㈠ࡡ㛏ⓏᏭᏽࠕࢅ᥆ዜࡊࡒࠊරమⓏහᐖࡢ᪺ࡼ ࠾࡚ࡢ࠷68ࠉᢖ㈠࡞㛭ࡌࡾሒࢅ㞗୯࣬ප㛜ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࠉᅗᐓࡡථ࡛Ằ㛣 ࡡណᕝኰࢅ㐲ᗐ࡞⤄ࡲྙࢂࡎࡾࡆ࡛ࢅྱࡳ࡛⩻࠻ࡼࡿࡾࠊࡆࡡ㟻࡚࣊ࣥࣛ ࢴࢩࡢᏰධ࡞ࢢࣤࢫ࡛ྜྷୌ⥲୕࡞࠵ࡾࠊ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡢࠔ᭯ຝ㞺さࡡ♣ఌࠕ 㸝Beveridge 1945/1944: 191, para.271㸞ࢅ᪺ゕࡌࡾࠊරమⓏ࡞ࡢࠉᅗᐓᢖ㈠ᑻ a National Investment Board ࡡス⨠ࢅㅳࡖࡒࠊᢖ㈠࡞㛭ࡊ࡙ࠔሒࢅථᡥࡊࠉ ຐࢅ࠻ࠉࡱࡒප⚶ࡡ௺ᴏ࡞ࡻࡾᢖ㈠ࢅ࡛ࡵ࡞ㄢᩒࡌࡾᶊ㝀ࢅࡵࡗࠕ 㸝Beveridge 1945/1944: 177, para.241㸞ᶭ㛭࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡗࡱࡽᨳᗋ├⤣โࡌ ࡾපභᢖ㈠࡛ࡢื࡞ࠉẰ㛣ࡡᢖ㈠ࢅㄢᩒࡊࡒࡽㄇᑙࡊࡒࡽࡌࡾ⤄ࡲ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ຐࢅ࠻ࡾ࡛ࡢࠉᅗᐓಕッࢅᢰಕ࡞ࠉ࠷ฺᏄ⋙࡚Ằ㛣ࡡ㔘⼝ᶭ㛭࠾ࡼ⼝㈠ ࡈࡎࡾࡆ࡛࡚࠵ࡾࠊ➠㸨࡞ࠉ⟤ືᏽࡡ᩺ス࡚࠵ࡾࠊ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡢࠔ㔔 66 ࢢࣤࢫ࡞ࡻࡿࡣཿὬࡢࠉฺᏄ⋙ࡡ୕ୖ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙㈋࡛ᢖ㈠ࡡஊ㞫よᾐ ࡌࡾ࡛ࡲࡊࡒࠊ CW7㸝1973/1936: 328㸞ࠊ 67 ࠔ͐ᅗᐓᢖ㈠ࢅ├࡞⤄⧂ࡌࡾࡒࡴ࡞ᚃࡱࡌࡱࡌኬࡀ㈈௴ࢅㇿ࠹ࠕ 㸝CW7 1973/1936: 164㸞ࠊࢢࣤࢫࡡぜよࠊ 68 㘘ᓞ㸝2001: 37-39㸞ࡢࢢࣤࢫࡡ⟤โᗐᨭ㠁᱄㸝1942-45㸞ࡵࠉᢖ㈠ࡡ♣ ఌࢅ┘Ⓩ࡛ࡌࡾ࡛ㄵࡍࡾࠊ 16 ⟤ࠕdouble budget ࢅᥞ၌ࡊࠉ㏳ᖏ⟤࡛⮣⟤ࡡᓠืࢅㄕ࠷ࡒࠊ๑⩽ࡢᖳࠍ ࡡ⤊ᖏථ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙㈝࠹㏳ᖏᨥฝ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙࡚࠵ࡽࠉᚃ⩽ࡢ㏳ᖏࡡ㈠ᮇᨥฝࡷ Ἓࡡᚺ᛬᥈⨠ࢅྱࡳࡵࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ๑⩽ࡢථ࡛ᨥฝࢅཚᐠ࡞ᆍ⾦ࡈࡎࡾࡀ ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡊ࠾ࡊᚃ⩽ࡢይἛ࡞ఴࢅ⏍ࡱࡎࡾୌ᪁࡚ࠉἛࡢ㉝Ꮚࢅཕࢂ ࠷㸝Beveridge 1945/1944: 181, para.249㸞ࠊᐁࡢࡆࡡᴣᛍࡢؐؐࠖୌ⯙⌦ㄵࠗ ࡞ࡢ࠷ؐؐࢢࣤࢫࠖ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩሒ࿈ࠗࡷ㞘⏕ᨳ➿ࢅゞ㆗ࡌࡾ㐛⛤࡚ࠉ 1942 ᖳ࠾ࡼ 1945 ᖳࡡ㛣࡞ὩⓆ࡞⏕࠷ࡒࡵࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࢢࣤࢫࡢࠔᡜᚋ࠾ࡼᨥ ฝࡈࡿࡾ㏳ᖏ⟤࡛ࠉ࠷ࢂࡹࡾ㈠ᮇ⟤࡛ࡡฦ㞫ࠕ69ࢅᘿࡌࡾࠊࡐࡊ࡙ࠔ㏳ᖏ ⟤ࡢᖏ࡞ᆍ⾦࡞ಕࡒࡿࡾࡀ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ㞘⏕࡞ᑊࡌࡾ㞺さ࡛භ࡞ንິࡌࡀ ࡡࡢ㈠ᮇ⟤ࡡ᪁࡚࠵ࡾࠕ70࡛ࡊࡒࠊ௧୕ࡻࡽࠉࢢࣤࢫࡷ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩ㉝Ꮚ ㈀ᨳ⩇ࢅࡵࡒࡼࡊࡒ࡛᩷ᏽࡌࡾࡡࡢᣃ㏷࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡳࡊࢀఎ⤣Ⓩᆍ⾦㈀ᨳ ⩇ࢅ㏳ᖏ⟤ࡡ୯࡚ṟࡊࡼࠉ୯㛏Ⓩ㞘⏕ࡡᏭᏽࢅ㈠ᮇ⟤ࡡᯗ⤄ࡲ࡚ ᶭິⓏ࡞ᅒࡾ࡛࠷࠹㔔ᛮࢅ᭯ࡌࡾ࡛ึ᩷ࡌࡀ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ㈠ᮇ⟤ࡡᴣᛍࡢࠉ ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡡ♣ఌಕ㝸ゝ⏤ࢅ࠹⟤ࡌࡾ࠾࡛࠷࠹ࢢࣤࢫࡡᛦ⩻࠾ࡼⓆ ᒈࡊࡒࡵࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡐࡿࢅᘤࡀཱིࡽࠉ⮤ⴥ࡞ཬ᫆ࡈࡎ࡙࠷ࡾⅤ ࡢ⮾࠷ࠊ ௧୕ࡡ㸨Ⅴ࠷ࡍࡿࡵࢢࣤࢫ࡛ࡡභ㏳Ⅴ࠵ࡾࠊ ୕オࡡ⌦ㄵ࣬ᨳ➿ࡡ୦㟻࠾ࡼࡢࢢࣤࢫࡡ❟ሔࢅུࡄථࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ࣊ࣥࣛࢴ ࢩ࡚ࡢ࠵ࡾࠉᮇ᭡࡞ࡢ࡞ࡵᙴ≺⮤ࡡᴏㄵ࠵ࡾࠊࡐࡿ⏐ᴏ㒼⨠ࡡ⤣โ ࡛ຘ഼⛛ິࡡ⤄⧂࡚࠵ࡾࠊ๑⩽ࡢெཾ࣬⏐ᴏࡡ㐛㐛ᐠ࠵ࡾࡒࡴ࡞ࠉࡎࡖ ࠾ࡂධమ࡛ࡊ࡙ࡡຘ഼㞺さ༎ฦ࡚࠵ࡖࡒ࡛ࡊ࡙ࡵࠉᆀᇡࡇ࡛࡞ᩤࡡຘ഼㞺さ ぜᙔ㐢࠷࡞Ⓠ⏍ࡊ࡙ࡊࡱ࠹ࡆ࡛࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡿࢅ㑂ࡄࡾ࡞ࡢࠉᅗᐓ㛜Ⓠኬ⮟ Minister of National Development ࡡࡵ࡛࡚⏐ᴏࢅ㐲ว࡞㒼⨠ࡌࡾᚪさ࠵ ࡾ㸝Beveridge 1945/1944: 170, para.228㸞ࠊࡌࢂࡔ⏍⏐ᣈⅤ࡛࠷࠹౩⤝ഁࡡ さᅄࡡโᚒ࡚࠵ࡾࠊᚃ⩽ࡢᙽᶭࡊ࡙࠷ࡾຘ഼ງ㸝ຘ഼ങ㌱ reserves of labour㸞 ኣࡂ⏍ࡍࡾࡻ࠹ሔྙࠉࡱࡒࡢ㞺さ࡞ᚺࡋ࡙ཬᚺ࡚ࡀࡾຘ഼࡞ఘ⦨ᛮ࠷ ሔྙ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡿࢅ㑂ࡄࡾ࡞ࡢࠉຘ഼ᕰሔࢅ⤄⧂ࡊࠉ⛛ິࡡࡒࡴࡡ㝸◸ࢅ㝎 ཡࡌࡾࡆ࡛ᚪさ࡚࠵ࡾ㸝Beveridge 1945/1944: 172, para.233㸞ࠊ࢟ࣛࢪ࡞ ࡢ࡞⫃ᴏ⣺ᡜ࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡆ࡚ຘ഼ࡡ㞺⤝ሒࢅ㞗ࡴࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࡀࡾࠉࡱ ࡓ༎ฦ࡚࠵ࡾࠊຘ഼ࡡ⛛ິࢅᐖ᪾࡞ࡌࡾᡥṹ࡛ࡊ࡙ࠉᅗᐓ⫃ᴏ㣬ᠺࢅᥞ౩ CW27㸝1980: 275㸞ࠉ࣌ࣈ࢞ࣤࢪࡡᡥ⣤ࠉ1942 ᖳ㸩᭮ 15 ࠊ CW27㸝1980: 275㸞ࠉ ࠔ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩ᱄ࠕࠉ࣌ࣈ࢞ࣤࢪࡡᡥ⣤ࠉ1942 ᖳ㸬᭮ 20 ࠊ 69 70 17 ࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࠉࡱࡒಞ⩽࡞ࡢ⫃ࢅᥞ౩ࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࠉ㛏ࡡᴏ⩽࡞ࡢᴏ⤝ࡡ᮪ ௲ࢅཚࡊࡂࡌࡾࡆ࡛࠵ࡾ71ࠊࡗࡱࡽຘ഼౩⤝ഁࡡさᅄ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ⏐ᴏ㒼⨠ࡡ ⤣โ࡛ຘ഼Ὦິᛮࡡ⤄⧂ࡢࠉࠔḗⓏ࡚࠵ࡾᚉᒌⓏ࡚ࡢ࠷ࠕ㸝Beveridge 1945/1944: 125, para.165㸞ࠊࡗࡱࡽຘ഼㞺さࡡႋ㉫Ᏸධ㞘⏕ࡡ➠ୌ᮪௲࡚ ࠵ࡾࠉࡆࡿ࡞ࡔ├ࡵ࡙ࡿࡈࡒよỬࡈࡿࡾࢂࡄ࡚ࡢ࠷ࠊ➠㸧࣬➠㸨ࡡ᮪ ௲ࢅຊࡊ࠷࡛Ᏸධ㞘⏕ࡢ㐡ᠺ࡚ࡀ࠷ࠊ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡢ⥪㞺さࡡႋ㉫࡛࠷ ࠹࣏ࢠࣞⓏഁ㟻࡞ຊ࠻ࠉࡡ㸧᮪௲࡛࠷࠹࣐ࢠࣞⓏ࡚౩⤝ഁࡡさᅄࡵᴏฦᯊ ࡞ຊ࠻࡙࠷ࡒ72ࠊ 3-3 ⮤⏜♣ఌ࣬♣ఌಕ㝸࣬Ᏸධ㞘⏕ ୕オࡡᴏチ᩷࡞ຊ࠻ࠉᮇ᭡ධమࢅὮࡿࡾᛦࡡᇱㄢࢅᣞᦤࡊ࡙࠽ࡂᚪさ ࠵ࡾࠊࡐࡿᇱᮇⓏ⮤⏜ࡡ᧞㆜࡚࠵ࡾࠊᙔิࡢࠖ㐅Ṅ♣ఌ࡞࠽ࡄࡾᏰධ㞘⏕ࠗ73 ࡛㢗ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡒᮇ᭡ࡢࠉ᭩⤂Ⓩ࡞ࠖ⮤⏜♣ఌ࡞࠽ࡄࡾᏰධ㞘⏕ࠗ࡞ን᭞ࡈࡿࡒࠊ 㐅ṄⓏ progressive ࠾ࡼ⮤⏜ free ࡞ን᭞ࡈࡿࡒ⌦⏜ࡢ᪺࡚࠵ࡾࠉ࠷ࡂࡗ࠾ ࡡ᥆ῼᠺࡽ❟ࡗࠊࡱࡍ㈠ᮇ⩇ᑊ♣ఌ⩇࡛࠷࠹ㄵண࡞ࡢຊࢂࡼ࠷࡛ᐃゕ ࡊࡒ74࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡢࠉࠔ㐅ṄⓏࠕ㸲♣ఌ⩇ ࡛࠷࠹ㄏよࢅ㑂ࡄࡒࡡ࡚ࡢ࠷ ࠾ࠊḗ࡞ࠉ๑㏑ࡡࡻ࠹࡞ᨳᗋ㧏ᏻ࡛ࡡり⚏Ḿ௦࡛࠷࠹ࠔ⮤⏜ࠕ⎌ሾ࡞࠽ ࠾ࡿࡒ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡢࠉ᭩ኬ㝀࡞ᨳᗋࡡᶊງ࡞ᑊᢘࡊ࡙ࠔ⮤⏜ࠕࡡ⏕ㄊࢅࡖ ࡒࡡ࡚ࡢ࠷࠾ࠊ⮤⏜♣ఌ࡛ࡢࠔᕰẰࡡᇱᮇⓏ⮤⏜ᶊࡌ࡙☔ಕࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ ᮪௲ࠕ 㸝Beveridge 1945/1944: 21, para.11㸞࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡐࡊ࡙ࠔ⮤⏜♣ఌ࡞࠽࠷࡙ Ᏸධ㞘⏕ࢅ⥌ᣚࡌࡾ㈈௴ࢅᅗᐓ࡞࠽࠷࡙࠷ࡾࠕ㸝Beveridge 1945/1944: 192, para.274㸞ࠊࡒࡓࡊ⮤⏜ࡡ⣵┘ၡ㢗࡛ࡾࠊ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡢ⮤⏜ᶊ࡞⃨Ὲࢅ ࡄ࡙࠷ࡾࡻ࠹࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡱࡍᇱᮇⓏ⮤⏜ᶊ࡛ࡊ࡙ࠉ ࠔಘ௭࣬ゕㄵ࣬ⴥష࣬◂✪࣬ᩅ ⫩ࡡ⮤⏜ࠕࡢྊ࡚࠵ࡾࠊḗ࡞ࠔᨳࡐࡡࢅ┘Ⓩ࡛ࡌࡾ㞗ఌ࣬⤎♣ࡡ⮤⏜ࠉ 71 ࠔಕ㝜ᡜᚋࡡぞᏽ࠾ࡼࡢᙔ࡞ࡾຐࡈࡿ࡙ࡢࡼ࠷ࠕ㸝Beveridge 1945/1944: 173, para.233㸞ࠊࡆࡆ࡚ࡵ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡢᴏಕ㝜ࡡโᗐ࡞㐛ᗐ࡞ ౪Ꮛࡊࡌࡁࡾெࢅཚࡊࡂㅃࡴ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ 72 ࠽࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡢᏰධ㞘⏕ᨳ➿࡚ຘ഼⤄ྙࡡງᙁࡱࡽࠉ∸౮㦈㈏࡛࠷࠹ ᝇᚘ⎌ࢅᣅࡂ༱㝜ᛮࡵᣞᦤࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ㸝Beveridge 1945/1944: 199, para.285㸞ࠊ ࢢࣤࢫࡵᏰධ㞘⏕࡞㐡ࡊࡒᚃࡡࣤࣆࣝࢅᏽࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ㸝CW7 1973/1936: 290㸞ࠉ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡡ᪁ࡻࡽᙁ࠷ࣤࣆࣝᠩᛍ࠵ࡾࠊ 73 PRO, BT 64/3393ࠉ1943 ᖳ 10 ᭮ 11 ࠉ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩ࠾ࡼ࣠ࢹ࢞ࣤࢮࣤ ࡡᡥ⣤ࠊ 74 Beveridge㸝1945/1944: 191, para.272; 206, para.300; 252, para.373㸞 ࠊ 18 ⫃ᴏ㐽ᢝࡡ⮤⏜ࠉெᡜᚋࡡฌฦࡡ⮤⏜ࠕ࡞⩻ᐳࡡᑊ㇗࡛ࡾ㸝Beveridge 1945/1944: 21, para.11㸞ࠊᅆ⤎ࡡ⮤⏜∸౮㦈㈏ࢅᣅ࠾࠷࠾ࠉ⫃ᴏ㐽ᢝࡡ⮤ ⏜ࡡࡒࡴ࡞㢎⦶㞫ᴏᶋ⾔ࡊ࠷࠾ࠉெᡜᚋࡡฌฦࡡ⮤⏜ࡡࡒࡴ࡞㐛ᑛᾐ ㈕ࢅᣅ࠾࠷࠾ࠉ࡛࠷࠹ᠩᛍ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡢ♣ఌࡡᜇⓏฺ─ࡡࡒࡴ ࡞ࠉࡆ࠹ࡊࡒ⮤⏜ᶊࡡୌ㒂ࢅโ㝀ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡚Ᏸධ㞘⏕ࢅ㐡ᠺࡌࡾ࡛ࡊࡒࠊ ࠔࡌ ࡙ࡡ⮤⏜ࡢ㈈௴ࢅㇿ࠹ࠕ㸝Beveridge 1945/1944: 23, para.16㸞ࠊ⮤⏜ᶊࢅᨲᲘࡌ ࡾࡡ࡚ࡢࡂࠉࡻࡽ㧏ḗࡡ┘Ⓩ࡞ࡒࡴ࡞ࡐࡡ୯ࡡୌ㒂ࢅโ㝀ࡌࡾࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡒ ࡓࡊࠔ♣ఌࡢெࡡࡒࡴ࡞Ꮛᅹࡌࡾࠕ㸝Beveridge 1945/1944: 19, para.5㸞࡛࠷ ࠹♣ఌふ࡚ᮇ᭡ࡢᇮ➱ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࡡ࡚ࠉ✪ᴗⓏ࡞ࡢெ⩇Ⓩ⮤⏜ふࡓ࡛࣊ ࣥࣛࢴࢩ⮤㌗ࡢึ᩷ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡐࡿࡹ࠻ࠉ ࠔᕰẰࡡ࠵ࡼࡹࡾᇱᮇⓏ⮤⏜ᶊࢅ ්ࡦヾࡴࡾࡆ࡛ࡆࡆࡡᥞ᱄ࡡᮇ㈻ࠕ㸝Beveridge 1945/1944: 191, para.271㸞 ࡛ᐃゕࡈࡿࡒࠊ ࡆࡆࡱ࡚ࡢࠖ⮤⏜♣ఌ࡞࠽ࡄࡾᏰධ㞘⏕ࠗ༟≺ࡡ⩻ᐳ࡚࠵ࡖࡒࠉࡳࡊࢀ≁ ➱ࡌࡀࡢ๑ⴥࠖ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩሒ࿈࡛ࠗࡡᙁ࠷㛭㏻࡚࠵ࡾࠊ୦⩽ࡢ┞ப౪Ꮛࡊࠉ ࡊ࠾ࡵࡐࡡ┘ᵾ㐡ᠺࡈࡿࡿࡣ᭻ࡱࡊ࠷ᚘ⎌࡞ࡾࠊࡆࡡᚘ⎌ࡢ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩ ⮤㌗ࡢࡖࡀࡽ࡛ḗࡡࡻ࠹࡞⮤てࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡵࡊ 1942 ᖳࡡ♣ఌಕ㝸ゝ⏤ᐁ᪃ ࡈࡿࡿࡣࠉᾐ㈕ᨥฝࡢᣉኬ࣬⥌ᣚࡈࡿࡾࠊࡆࡿࡢỀᖲⓏ්ฦ㒼࡛ᆱ├Ⓩ් ฦ㒼࡚ࡈࡿࡾࠊ๑⩽ࡢᴏࡡ࡛ࡐ࠹࡚࠷ࠉᏄ౩ኣ࠷࡛ࡐ࠹࡚࠷ ࠉࡐࡿࡑࡿ࡚♣ఌಕ㝜࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ᡜᚋࡡỀᖲⓏᖲᆛ⾔ࢂࡿࡾࡆ࡛࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ᚃ⩽ࡢᙔิࡢ᚜ࠍࡒࡾࡵࡡࡓࠉࡷ࡙♣ఌಕ㝸ࡡୌ㒂⛧࡚ㄢ㐡ࡈࡿࡾࡻ࠹ ࡞ࡾ࡛ࠉᖶ㐘⩽࠾ࡼࡐ࠹࡚࠷⩽࡞ᡜᚋࡡᆱ├Ⓩ්ฦ㒼⾔ࢂࡿࡾࡆ࡛࡚ ࠵ࡾࠊ࠷ࡍࡿࡵẴ࣬ᴏ࣬ഭᐐࡐࡡࡡெ࡞ࠉᡜᚋ༎ฦ࡞ᅂࡾࠊࡐࡆ࡚ᨥ ฝቌ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙Ᏸධ㞘⏕ࡡ㐠ᐖ᪾࡞ࡾࠊ㏣࡞ࠉᏰධ㞘⏕㐡ᠺ࡚ࡀࡿࡣࠉ ⌟ᅹ 8.5㸚ࡡᴏ⩽࡞ྡྷࡄࡒಕ㝜㈀″ࠉ㸨㸚௧ୖ࡞ྡྷࡄࡒㇿᢰ࡚ῥࡳࠊྜྷࡋㇿ ᢰ࡚ኣ㢘ࡡຐྊ⬗࡞ࡾࠊࡹ࠻࡞❋இࡡᡋ࠷ࡢ↋Ⅵ㸝ᴏ㸞ࡡᡋ࠷ࡡ ➠ୌṄ࡚࠵ࡾ75ࠊ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡢ⤎ㄵࡌࡾࠊ ࠔ♣ఌಕ㝜࡛ඡ❲ᡥᙔ࡞ࡻࡾ❋இࡡ㝎ཡ࡞ఔ࠹ᡜᚋ්ฦ㒼ࡢࠉࡐࡿ⮤మ࡚⏐ ᴏࡡ⏍⏐∸࡞ᑊࡌࡾ㞺さࡡ⥌ᣚࢅຐࡄࠉࡐࡿࡹ࠻ᴏࢅ㜭Ḿࡌࡾᙁ࠷ງ࡞ ࡾࡓࢀ࠹ࠊࠕ㸝Beveridge 1945/1944: 255-256, para.379㸞 75 ௧୕ࡢ Beveridge㸝1945/1944: 160, para.213; 255, para.379㸞ࠊ 19 ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡡᏰධ㞘⏕ㄵࢅࡱ࡛ࡴ࡙࠽ࡆ࠹ࠊ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡢࠖ⮤⏜♣ఌ࡞ ࠽ࡄࡾᏰධ㞘⏕ࠗ࡞࠽࠷࡙ࠉࢢࣤࢫ㸝≁࡞ࠖୌ⯙⌦ㄵࠗ㸞ࡡ⌦ㄵ࡛ᨳ➿ࡡᮇ㈻ Ⓩ㒂ฦࢅུᐖࡊࡒࠊ᭯ຝ㞺さㄵࢅᰶ࡛ࡊ࡙ᢖ㈠ࡡ♣ఌࢅᥞ၌ࡊࡒࡆ࡛࡚࠵ ࡾࠊࡵࡔࢀࢆࡐࡆ࡞ࡢ⌦ㄵⓏ⢥⦋ࡈࡢ࠷ࠊࡗࡱࡽ⏕⩽㈕⏕࣬⮤ᕤฺᏄ⋙ ᴣᛍࡡࡲࡼࡍࠉᩐ࣬Ὦິᛮ㐽ይ࡛࠷ࡖࡒᮇ㈻Ⓩฦᯊ㐠රࡵ⏕ࡈࡿ ࡙࠷࠷76 ࠊࡱࡒ㈄ᖨយ✪ᴗⓏ࡞ࡢᴏࢅࡵࡒࡼࡌ࡛࠷࠹ࢢࣤࢫࡡὕᐳງ 㸝㈄ᖨ⤊ῥㄵ㸞ࡢභ᭯ࡈࡿ࡙࠷࠷ࠊࡊ࠾ࡊᏰධ㞘⏕ࢅ㐡ᠺࡌࡾࡒࡴ࡞ࠉᅗᐓ ࡞ࡻࡾᢖ㈠ᚪ㡪࡛ࡌࡾධమⓏ᪁ྡྷࡢࢢࣤࢫ࡛භ᭯ࡈࡿࡒࠊࢢࣤࢫࡵᮇ ᭡ࢅࠔᴗࡴ࡙ඁࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠕ࡛ࡊ࡙ࠉࠔ⥪ࡋ࡙ྜྷវࡡᛍࢅᢢࡂࠕ࡛㏑ࡒ77ࠊࡈࡼ ࡞Ᏸධ㞘⏕ࡡチ࡛᩷ฌ᪁⟚්ࡦ≺⮤࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡒࡾฌ᪁ࡢ༎ฦ⥪㞺さࠉᚉ ࡒࡾฌ᪁ࡢ⏐ᴏ㒼⨠ࡡโᚒࠉᏰⓏฌ᪁ࡢຘ഼Ὦິᛮࡡ⤄⧂78࡚࠵ࡾࠊᴏ ࡞㛭ࡊ࡙ຘ഼㞺さഁ㸝ධమ࡛ࡊ࡙ࡡ᭯ຝ㞺さ࡛⏍⏐ࡡᆀᇡᛮ㸞࠽ࡻࡦຘ഼౩⤝ ഁ㸝Ὦິᛮ㸞ࡡ୦㟻ࢅ┘㒼ࡽࡊ࡙࠷ࡒࠊࡐࡊ࡙ධమࢅ㈇ࡂᇱㄢࡢ⮤⏜♣ఌࡡᑕ 㔔࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡆ࡚ࡵ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩᚋណ࡛ࡌࡾࠔ⃨Ὲࡡࡗ࠷ࡒ⛸㢦ࡡ⥑⨮Ⓩ ᢍᥩࠉධమࢅ㈇ࡂ㸦ࡗࡡᛦࠕ࡛࠷࠹ᛦ⩻Ἢ࠵ࡾࠊࡐࡊ࡙♣ఌಕ㝸࡛Ᏸධ㞘 ⏕ࡡ┞பᏰᛮ࡛ᚘ⎌ᛮࡵ⮤てࡈࡿࡒࠊ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡢ 1944 ᖳ࡞ࢢࣤࢫ⌦ㄵ ࢅ☔࠾࡞ུᐖࡊࡒࠊࡊ࠾ࡊࡐࡿࡢ༟ࡾᢙఄ࡚ࡢࡂࠉ⮤ࡼࡡ♣ఌಕ㝸మ⣌ࢅ ᙁᅖ࡞ࡊࠉࡱࡒ⮤ࡼࡡ⮤⏜♣ఌࢅ᧞㆜ࡌࡾᡥṹ࡛⌦よࡊࡒᨶࡓࢀ࠹ࠊࡆࡡណ ࡚࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡢ≺⮤ࡡᏰධ㞘⏕ㄵࢅᏰᠺࡈࡎࡒࠊࡐࡿࡹ࠻ࠉḗࡡࡻ࠹ࣀ ࢙ࢠࡡ⌦よࡢᏰධ࡞Ⓩࡢࡍࡿ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ࠔ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡡ㞘⏕࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡡᮇࢅ᭡࠷ ࡒࡡࡢᙴ[࢜ࣜࢺ]࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡿࡢ࠾ࡽࡻࡂ▩ࡼࡿࡒᐁ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡐࡡᮇ࡞࠵ ࡾ⤊ῥᏕࡢࡌ࡙࢜ࣜࢺࡡࡵࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩ࡞ࡐࡡࡻ࠹ᮇࡢ᭡ࡄ ࠾ࡖࡒࡢࡍࡓࠕ㸝Kresge & Wenar 1994: 86㸞ࠊ ➠㸩⟿ ࠖ⮤ⓆⓏὩິࠗ ᚃ㒂షࡡ᭩ᚃࠉࠖ⮤ⓆⓏὩິ㸯♣ఌ㐅Ṅࡡ᪁Ἢ࡞㛭ࡌࡾሒ࿈᭡ࠗࡢ 1948 76 ࡆࡡᐁ㏣࡞ࠉࣞࣄࣤࢮࣤ࣬࢜ࣜࢺࡡࢢࣤࢫ⌦ㄵࢅ⇅▩ࡊ࡙࠷ࡒ ຐゕ⩽ᅸⓏᙫ㡢ງࢅᣚࡒ࠾ࡖࡒഎッ࡞ࡾࠊ 77 CW27㸝1980/ 1944: 380㸞 ࠉࢢࣤࢫ࠾ࡼ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡡᡥ⣤ࠉ1944 ᖳ 12 ᭮ 16 ࠊ 78 1909 ᖳࡡチ࡚᩷ࡢ࡛ࡈࡿࡒࠊງⅤࡡ⛛ິࡢ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩ⮤㌗⮤てࡊ࡙࠷ ࡾࠊBeveridge㸝1945/1944: 86, para.111, 90, para.115㸞ࠊ 20 ᖳ㸩᭮࡞ฝ∟ࡈࡿࡒࠊ๑ࡡሒ࿈᭡ྜྷᵕ࡞⚶Ⓩጟဤఌ⤄⧂ࡈࡿࠉහ㒂⩽79ࡡゞㄵ ࠵ࡾ࠷ࡢአ㒂⩽ࡡッゕ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙⫏ࡄࡈࡿࡒࠊࡊ࠾ࡊ๑ࡡሒ࿈᭡࡛ࡢ㐢ࡖ࡙ࠉ ཬ㡢ࡢ࡛ࢆࡂࠉᨳᗋ࠾ࡼࡵ↋っࡈࡿࡒ㸝Harris 1997: 460㸞ࠊᮇ⟿࡚ ࡢࡆࡡሒ࿈᭡ࡡහᐖࢅ␆㏑ࡊࠉ≁࡞ࡡሒ࿈᭡࡛ࡡ㛭౿ࢅࡱ࡛ࡴࡾࠊ 4-1 ⮤ⓆⓏὩິࡡ㡷ᇡ ࡱࡍ㢗ྞࡡណࡐࡡࡱࡱᮇ᭡ࡡහᐖ࡛ࡾࠊ⮤ⓆⓏ㸝Ằ㛣㸞Ὡິ Voluntary Action ࡛ࡢࠉᨳᗋࡡ⟮⌦ୖ࡞࠷⚶Ⓩ⾔ິࢅᣞࡌࠊᚪࡍࡊࡵ↋ർ࡛࠷࠹ࡆ࡛ ࡚ࡂࠉ᭯ർ࡚ࡵአഁ࠾ࡼࡡโᚒ࠷⾔ິ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ⮤ⓆⓏᅆమ࡛පⓏᅆమࡢ ṌྍⓏ࡞ࡢ༝ㄢࡊ࡙ࡀࡒࡆ࡛࢟ࣛࢪࡡ≁ᚡ࡚࠵ࡾ㸝Beveridge 1948: 8㸞ࠊᮇ ᭡࡚ࡢࡒ࡛࠻⮤ⓆⓏ࡚ࡵࠉႜฺິᶭ business motive ࡛ெⓏ⣑ personal thrift ࡢᤖ㇗ࡌࡾࠊ♣ఌⓏ㐅Ṅࢅᑙࡂපභ┘Ⓩࡡࡲ㢗ࡓ࠾ࡼ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡐࡡ୕ ࡚ࠉ┞பຐ mutual aid ࡛༡យ philanthropy ࡛࠷࠹⾔ິ࡞⤘ࡾࠊ๑⩽ࡢᖶ ࡞ᑊᢘࡊ࡙Ꮽධࢅ☔ಕࡌࡾࡒࡴࠉ⮤ࡼ࡛௯㛣ࢅᏬࡾⓇ㘋โࡡ⮤ⓆⓏᅆమࢅషࡾ ࡆ࡛࡚࠵ࡾࠊᚃ⩽ࡢ♣ఌⓏⰃᚨ social conscience ࢅහ࡞⛆ࡴࡾࠊ∸㈻Ⓩ࡞⮤ฦ ㊂ࡊ࡙࠷࡙ࡵࠉ㝼ெ㊂ࡊ࡙࠷ࡄࡿࡣ⮤ฦࡵ⢥♼Ⓩ࡞㊂ࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࡢ ࠷ࠊࡆࡿⰃᚨࡡⓆ㟚࡚࠵ࡾ㸝Beveridge 1948: 9㸞ࠊ ┞பຐࡡ⢥♼࡞ᇱࡘ࠷࡙࠷ࡾᅆమࡢࠉຘ഼⤄ྙ࣬⏍Ὡ༝ྜྷ⤄ྙ࣬పᏩ⤄ྙ࣬ ௴ណಕ㝜࠵ࡾࠊ୯࡚ࡵ⾪ౚཪយ⤄ྙ friendly societies ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡡ ⤄ྙࡢ 17 ୠ⣎୯ⴝࡱ࡚࡞ࡢᠺ❟ࡊࠉ࣭ࣞࢫἪ㸝1793㸞࡞ࡻࡖ࡙⣵࠾ࡂぞᏽࡈࡿ ዜທࡈࡿࡒ80 ࠊᵕࠍᖶ࡞ങ࠻ࡾࡒࡴࡡᇱ㔘ࢅ࠻ࡾ⮤ⓆⓏᅆమ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ 1911 ᖳ࡞ᅗẰಕ㝜Ἢᠺ❟ࡊࡒࠉཪយᅆమ࡛ᅗᐓࡢ❿ྙࡊ࠷ࡻ࠹࡞⩻៎ࡈ ࡿࡒࠊࡊ࠾ࡊ 1946 ᖳ࡞ࡢࠖ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩሒ࿈ࠗࡡᥞ᱄࡛㏣࡞ࠉ୦⩽ࡢฦࡊࡒࠊ ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡢࡆࡡฦ㞫ࡢይࡱࡊࡂ࠷㸝Beveridge 1948: 84㸞࡛ࡊࠉཪយ⤄ྙ ࡞ኬ࠷࡞⫢ථࡿࡌࡾࠊࡐࡡ⌦⏜ࡢࡆࡡమโؐؐ♣ఌಕ㝜ཚᐠ࡚ࡢ࠷࡞ ࡎࡻؐؐᣈฝཋ์ࢅ㈇࠷࡙࠷ࡾ࠾ࡼ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡗࡱࡽᣈฝ࡛࠷࠹᭩㝀ࡡ⩇ຸࢅ ≁࡞හ㛮⤊ῥ㒂࡞࠷ࡒࢲ࢘ࢪࢰ࣭Norman Chester㸝࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩሒ࿈ࡡጟ ဤఌࡡ᭡オ㸞ࠉ๑ⴥ࡞ᘤࡀ⤾ࡂࢴࢹࣤࠉ♣ఌㄢᰕᐓࡡࣚࣤࢹ࣭ࣛ┘ࢅࡥࡂࠊ ࡱࡒࣀ࣭ࣤ࢝ࣛெ࡚ LSE ஷ⩽ᨾῥ⤄⧂ࢅ㢏ࡖ࡙࢟ࣛࢪ࡞ᮮࡒ࣏ࣤࣀ࣑ 㸝Karl Mannhiem 1893-1947㸞ࡵጟဤఌ࡞⛆᭡࡛ࡊ࡙ཤຊࡊࡒࠊࡆࡿࡼࡡ ࡢ Harris㸝1997: 454㸞࡞レࡊ࠷ࠊ 80 ࡆࡡࡢᑚᒜ㸝1978: 102㸞ࢅཤ↯ࠊ 79 21 ᯕࡒࡊࡒ୕࡚ࠉࣈ࣭ࣜࡈࡿࡒᇱ㔘࠾ࡼ⤝ࢅུࡄࡾᶊฺ࠵ࡾ81ࠊᙴࡢࡆࡡಘᛍ ࡞ᇱࡘ࠷࡙ࠉ1946 ᖳ࡞ຘ഼ඨᨳᶊ࡞ཪយᅆమࡡᙁࢅ㐅ゕࡌࡾࠉᢼྫྷࡈࡿࡒ 㸝Harris 1997: 453㸞ࠊࡊ࠾ࡊᙴࡢᅗẰ㈋ཪយ⤄ྙࡡ㈠㔘ᥴຐࢅᚋ࡙ࠉࡆࡡሒ ࿈᭡ࢅ᭡ࡀ୕ࡅࡒࡡ࡚࠵ࡾ㸝Beveridge 1948: 16㸞ࠊཪយᅆమࡡലࡢಘᛍ࡛ ㈠㔘࡚ᡬࡔࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡒࠊ ༡យࡡ⢥♼࡞ᇱࡘ࠷࡙࠷ࡾᅆమࡢࠉ17 ⛸㢦࡞ฦ㢦࡚ࡀࡾࠊඡ❲࣬㟯ᑛᖳ࣬⩹ 㱃⩽࣬ᐓࡊெ࣬㝸ᐐ⩽࣬♣ఌⓏአ⩽ࡡᥴຐࠉⰹ⾙࣬ᆀᇡࡡᣲ⮾ࠉዥᛮ ᅆమࠉ㝼ಕ㤃࡚࠵ࡾࠊරమⓏࡢ C.O.S.ࡷࢹࣤࣄ࣭࣭࣌ࣜࠉᨾୠ㌱ ࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡆ࡚ࡢ 40 ᖳᚃ࡞ᣲࡽ㏁ࡾࢹࣤࣄ࣭࣭࣌ࣜࡡࡲࢅཱིࡽ୕ࡅࡾࠊ࣊ࣥ ࣛࢴࢩࡢࡆࡆ්࡚ࡦࠔ࢟ࣛࢪࡢ㇇࠾ࡡ࡞ࠉࡏྜྷ࡞㈃ࡊࡈࡵṟࡾࡡ࠾ࠕ ࡛࠷࠹ࢢࢺᐿ㛏ࡡゕⴝࢅᘤ࠷࡙࠷ࡾ㸝Beveridge 1948: 130㸞ࠊࡐࡊ࡙ࢬࢵ࣒ࣜ ࣤࢹ㐘ິࡢ㔘ᣚࡔ࡚ఴࡡ࠵ࡾ⩽࡛㈃ࡊࡂ࡙⫏మຘ഼ࡌࡾ⩽࡞ࠉ㒌ᕰฦࡌ ࡾࡡ࡞ᑊᢘࡌࡾ⮤ⓆⓏὩິ࡚࠵ࡾ࡛ࡱ࡛ࡴࡼࡿࡒࠊࡒࡓࡊࡆࡿࡢ⤎ᯕ࡚࠵ࡖ࡙ࠉ ᭩ิ࠾ࡼࡡᮇ㈻࡚ࡢ࠷ࠊࡳࡊࢀࠔࡐࡆ࡞పࡳ⩽ࡡ┘ࢅ㏳ࡋ࡙ࠉ⤊ῥⓏ࣬♣ఌ Ⓩ᮪௲ࢅふᐳࠕ 㸝Beveridge 1948: 132㸞ࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࡵኬᙲ┘࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡡ෫ᚥ ふᐳ╉ࡢࠉᪿ࡛ንࢂࡼ࠷ࠊ ⤾࠷࡙୕オࡡࡻ࠹ᅆమࡡ㥉⩽ࢅ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡢ⩻ᐳࡌࡾࠊ࣑ࣛ࣬ ࣇ࣭ࢪࠉ࢛ࢠࢰࣄ࣬ࣃࣜࠉࢲ࣭ࣔࣜࢫ࣬ࣇ࣭ࢪࠉࣁ࣭ࢾࢴࢹኰጏࠉ࢘ࢴࣇ ኰጏ࡚࠵ࡾ82ࠊ࢘ࢴࣇኰጏࡡࡲ㏑࡙࠽ࡆ࠹ࠊࡆࡆ࡚ࡢ LSE ࢅ㛜スࡊࡒ ࡆ࡛⮤ⓆⓏὩິࡡୌ⛸࡞ࡾࠊඔࡢ♣ఌ⩇ࢅᢪࡊ㐅ࡴࡾࡒࡴ࡞ࠔපᖲ⛁ ᏕⓏ◂✪ࠕᚪさࡓࡖࡒࠊ≁࡞ࢨࢺࢼ࣭ࡢ㝷ࡓࡖࡒໂຫᛮ࣬ᐰᐖᛮࢅぜࡎࡒࠊ ᭩ิࡡ⌦㸩ெࡢᚃ࡞ᅗఌ㆗ဤ࡞ࡖࡒࠉ㸦ெࡓࡄ♣ఌ⩇࡞ฦ㢦ࡈࡿࠉ ṟࡽࡢ㐢ࡖࡒ㸝㸧ெࡢಕᏬඨ㸞ࠊᙴࡢ㸦ᗐࡵ LSE ࡡ᪁ྡྷᛮࢅ㐵ࡖࡒࡆ࡛ࡢ࠾ ࡖࡒࠊ࣊ࢹࣛࢪࡡඔ࡞ࡢᕠ㢘┞⤾㔘࠵ࡖࡒࡡ࡚ࠉපභ┘Ⓩࡡࡒࡴ࡞㛣 ࡛㈠㔘ࢅࡗࡁ㎲ࡴࡒ㸝Beveridge 1948: 184㸞 ࠊ 81 ࠔࡆࡡභῥᶭᵋ࡞ࡻࡾಕ㝜ࢨࢪࢷ࣑ᣚࡗࣛࢪࢠ࣬ࣈ࣭ࣜᶭ⬗࡞╌┘ࠕ㸝ᯐ 2002: 109㸞ࠊ 82 1942 ᖳࡡ㈃ᅏㄢᰕ࡚ࡵᡥఎࡖ࡙ࡂࡿࡒࣚࣤࢹ࣭ࣛ㸝Benjamin Seebohm Rowntree 1871-1954㸞࠷࠷ࠊࡱࡓᏋ୯ࡓࡖࡒ࠾ࡼ࠾ࡵࡊࡿ࠷ࠊࣚࣤ ࢹ࣭࡛ࣛࡡばᐠࡈࡢࠉࣞࢺ࣬ࢩ࣭ࣘࢩࡷࢲ࣭ࣔࢲࣜ࡞ୌⓏ㞘⏕ࡡၡ㢗ࢅཱི ࡽ୕ࡅࡈࡎࡾ࡛ណẴ㌲᪰ᡥ⣤࠾ࡼࢂ࠾ࡾࠊBP 2b-13ࠉࣚࣤࢹ࣭ࣛ࠾ࡼ࣊ࣥ ࣛࢴࢩࡡᡥ⣤ࠉ1917 ᖳ 11 ᭮ 17 ࠊ 22 4-2 ṹ㝭ᢍᥩ࡛♣ఌふ ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡢ⚗♬ᅗᐓ83ᮮࡊ࡙ࡵ࠽ṟࡾ㡷ᇡࢅࠉࡷࡢࡽṹ㝭࡚ᢍᥩ ࡌࡾࠊ➠㸦࡞ࠉࡒࡾ࿈ࡢṟᏋࡌࡾୌ⯙ⓏᇱᮇⓏᚪ㞺∸ needs ࡡඖ㊂࡚࠵ ࡾࠊࡆࡿࡢධᕰẰ࡞ྡྷࡄࡼࡿࡾࡵࡡ࡚ࠉఴᬜࡡቌኬ࡛⌟♣ఌࡡ々㞟࡞ᑊᚺ ࡌࡾࠊ๑⩽ࡢᕝᴏࡡ⤎ᯕࠉ㸧㛣ࡵࡡຘ഼㛣▯⦨ࡈࡿࡾឺ࠾ࡼὬ⏍ࡊ ࡒࠊఴᬜࡡቌኬ࡞ၛᴏථࡽ㎲ࡲࠉ᫆⏤㚯㈳ࡷ࢟ࣔࣤࣇࣜᶋ⾔ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡊ ࠾ࡊࠔఴᬜࢅ↋㥇࡞ᐐ࠵ࡾࡻ࠹࡞࠹ࡆ࡛࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࠉ⮤⏜♣ఌ࡚ࡢᅗᐓࡡ├ ⾔ິࡢ࡚ࡀ࠷ࠕ 㸝Beveridge 1948: 286㸞ࠊࡱࡒᚃ⩽ࡢᕰẰ┞ㄧᴏᡜ Citizen’s Advice Bureaux ࡡᶭ⬗ኬ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡡ⤄⧂ࡢ 1930 ᖳ୯ⴝ࡞ධᅗ♣ఌࢦ ࣭ࣄࢪ༝㆗ఌ National Council of Social Service ࡡሒ࿈᭡࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ᥞ၌ࡈࡿࡒࠊ ᡋணລⓆ࡞ࡢ 200 ࡡᴏᡜ㛜スࡈࡿࠉ1948 ᖳ࡞ࡢ 600 ✄഼ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆ ࡡ⤄⧂ࡢ࡞ࠉ⾔ᨳࡡ⤄ࡲࢅㄕ᪺ࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࠉ⾔ᨳࡡ᭱┞ㄧࢅࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࠉኣ ࡂࡡᕰẰ࡞⌦ᛮ࡛ཪୠ࡞࠵ࡾ࡛វࡋࡈࡎࡾࡆ࡛ࢅㄫࡄㇿࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ┞ㄧဤ ࡞ࡢᚪࡍ࣍ࣚࣤࢷ࠷ࡾࠊ௯㛣ࡡᕰẰ࡛ࡊ࡙┞ㄧ࡞ࡾࠊᙔᑻ࠾ࡼࡢ≺❟ ࡊࡒ⮤ⓆⓏᅆమࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊᅗᐓࡢᕰẰ┞ㄧᴏᡜ࡞∸㈻Ⓩᥴຐࢅࡌࡀࡓ ࠉኬᏕ࡞ᑊࡊ࡙࡛ྜྷࡋࡂࠉโᚒࢅࡌࡀ࡚ࡢ࠷㸝Beveridge 1948: 277-287㸞ࠊ ➠㸧࡞ࠉᚉࡒࡾ࿈ࡢ≁Ṟᚪ㞺∸ࡡඖ㊂࡚࠵ࡾࠊ㟸ᆵⓏᑛᩐὬࡡᕰẰ࡞ ᑊࡊ࡙ࡵࠉ┘㒼ࡽࢅᛨࡖ࡙ࡢࡼ࠷ࠊౚ࠻ࡣ㐿Იࡈࡿ⹚ᙽࡈࡿࡒඡ❲ࠉᚨ㌗ 㝸ᐐ⩽ࠉះᛮⓏ⑄ᝀ⩽ࠉᮅ፡ࡡẍ࡛Ꮔࠉ㔐ᨲࡈࡿࡒඔུฬ⩽ࠉᖶᐓᗖࡡ ፦࡚࠵ࡾ㸝Beveridge 1948: 226㸞ࠊᙴࡼ࡞ࡢ㈄ᖨࡐࡡࡵࡡ࡛࠷࠹ࡻࡽࠉ㈄ᖨ ࡚ࡢࡊࡣࡊࡣ㈑࠻࠷ࢦ࣭ࣄࢪ㸝ዅ㸞㊂ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ∸㈻Ⓩ㈠″㸝ᐓᒁ࣬ 㝌࣬ゥ⦆ᡜ㸞ࡱࡍᚪさ࡚ࠉࡐࡿ࡞ࡢ⮤ⓆⓏὩິኬ࠷࡞ງࢅⓆᥱࡌࡀ࡚ ࠵ࡾ㸝Beveridge 1948: 266㸞ࠊ➠㸨࡞ࠉᏰ࡛ࡊ࡙ࠉ⮤ⓆⓏὩິࢅ㝔࠾ࡼᨥ࠻ࡾ ࡡᅗᐓ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡐࡿࡢ├⤣โࡡ࡚ࡢࡂࠉჹࢅషࡖࡒࡽࠉຐ㔘ࢅ࠻ ࡒࡽࠉណᕝኰࢅಀࡊࡒࡽࡌࡾ࡛࠷࠹㛣Ⓩᥴຐ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ᮇ᭡ࡢ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡡ♣ఌふ㝟⏤Ⓩ࡞❒࠻ࡾ84ࠊࡆࡿࡱ࡚ࡡⴥష࡚ࡢ㝔⏤Ⓩ ࡞ࡊ࠾ᤂ࠻ࡼࡿ࠾ࡖࡒࠊࡐࡿࡢ㔔ࡡࣁࣚࣤࢪវて࡚࠵ࡾࠊ➠㸦ࡡࣁࣚࣤࢪ ࡢᅗᐓ࡛ெࡡ㛣࡚࠵ࡾࠊெ࡞ࡢᵕࠍິᶭ࠵ࡾࠊெⓏ⟿โ࡛ႜฺ㸝ࣄ 83 ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡢࠔ♣ఌࢦ࣭ࣄࢪᅗᐓࠕ࡛࠷࠹⏕ㄊࢅይࢆ࡚⏕࠷ࡒ㸝Beveridge 1948: 217㸞ࠊᅗᐓ࠾ࡼࡡ㉏ࡽ∸࡛࠷࠹ណㆉᙁࡂࡾࠔ⚗♬ᅗᐓࠕ࡛࠷࠹⏕ㄊ ࡢẴ࡞ථࡼ࠾ࡖࡒ㸝Harris 1997: 452㸞ࠊ 84 ᮇ᭡ࡢࠔ࣊ࣁࣛࢴࢩࡡᅗᐓ㛣ࠉ♣ఌふࢅ▩ࡾ࠹࠻࡚㔔さࢷ࢞ࢪࢹࠕ 㸝 ὰ 1997: 222㸞࡚࠵ࡾࠊ 23 ࢩࢾࢪ㸞ິᶭ࡞ࡢ⚶Ⓩ┘ᵾࡊ࠾࠷ࠊࡔࡼࡡ㈆ḟࡵ⤊ῥⓏⓆᒈࡡཋິງࡓ ࠉႜฺິᶭࡢ྇࠷࡛ࡊ࡙ࡢⰃ࠷ெ࡛ࡊ࡙ࡢ┞ᚺࡊࡂ࠷ࠊ ࠔႜฺິᶭ࡞ ᨥ㒼ࡈࡿࡒ♣ఌࡢᝇ࠷♣ఌ࡚࠵ࡾࠕ㸝Beveridge 1948: 322㸞ࠊ᪁ࠉᅗᐓࡢẰ ⩇ⓏᡥἪ࡞์ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࡵࡡࡡࠉ୯ኳ㞗ᶊⓏୌඔ㸝├Ⓩ⤣โ㸞ࢅᇱᮇ Ⓩ࡞ࡢ┘ᣞࡌࠊࡆࡡࡱࡱ࡚ࡢெࡡᛦᝠ࡛ᅗᐓࡡᶊງࣁࣚࣁࣚ࡞Ꮛᅹࡌࡾࡡ ࡲ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ♣ఌ࡞ெࠍࡡ⤆࠷ࠊࡐࡆ࡚ெࡡ♣ఌⓏⰃᚨ㸝පභ┘Ⓩ㸞࠾ࡼ Ⓠࡊࡒࠔ⮤ⓆⓏὩິࠕࡡ㡷ᇡࠉ୦⩽ࡡ⥾⾢ᖈ࡛ࡾࠊ࠾ࡗ࡙ࡢᏺᩅⓏභྜྷ మᢰࡖ࡙࠷ࡒᙲ┘ࢅࠉౚ࠻ࡣཪយ⤄ྙཱིࡖ࡙ࢂࡾࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡆ࡞ᅗᐓ ࡛ெࡡࣁࣚࣤࢪᅂᚗࡌࡾࠊ➠㸧ࡡࣁࣚࣤࢪࡢᅗᐓ࡛ᕰሔࡡࣁࣚࣤࢪ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ᕰሔࡢ≺≁ࡡႜฺິᶭ࡞ᑙ࠾ࡿ࡙ࠉெࠍ࡞ኣኬᐣࢅࡵࡒࡼࡊࡒࠊࡊ࠾ࡊຘ഼ ᕰሔᆵࡓࡖࡒࡻ࠹࡞ࠉ㞺さ࡛౩⤝ኬᖕ࡞ንິࡌࡾࠉᆍ⾦ࡡᏭᏽⓏ ㌮㐠☔ಕ࡚ࡀ࠾ࡖࡒࠊࡐࡆ࡚ 20 ୠ⣎๑༖࠾ࡼᅗᐓࡡ⤣โⓏථࡈࡿࡒࠊ ♣ఌಕ㝜ᑙථࡈࡿࠉᏰධ㞘⏕┘ᵾ࡛ᏽࡱࡖࡒࡡࡢኬࡀ๑㐅࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡊ࠾ ࡊᅗᐓࡡງࠉᕰሔࡡງࢅᣚࡖ࡙ࡵよỬ࡚ࡀ࠷㡷ᇡ࠵ࡾ85ࠊࡐࡿࠔ⮤ⓆⓏὩ ິࠕࡡ㡷ᇡ࡚࠵ࡽࠉႜฺ࡚ࡵ⤣โ࡚ࡵ࠷㐠࡚࠵ࡖࡒࠊ♣ఌ࡞ࡢ⮤ⓆⓏὩິ࡚ ࡊ࠾ࡌࡂ࠷୕ࡅࡼࡿ࠷ୌ⯙Ⓩ࣬≁ṞⓏᇱᮇⓏᚪ㞺∸Ꮛᅹࡌࡾࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ♣ఌⓏⰃᚨ࡞ᚉࡖࡒ⮤ⓆⓏὩິࠉᅗᐓ࡛ᕰሔࡡ㐡࡚ࡀ࠷㡷ᇡ࡚Ὡ㌅ࡌࡾࠊ ࡆࡆ࡞ᅗᐓ࡛ᕰሔࡡࣁࣚࣤࢪᅂᚗࡌࡾࠊ ➠㸪⟿ 㒂ష࡛⚗♬♣ఌ ࡆࡡࡻ࠹࡞⩻࠻࡙࠷ࡂ࡛ࠉᚃ㒂షࡡన⨠ࡘࡄࢅ᪺☔࡞ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࡀࡾࠊ 㸨ࡗࡡሒ࿈᭡ࡢࡐࡿࡑࡿࠉ♣ఌಕ㝸࣬Ᏸධ㞘⏕࣬ᕰẰ♣ఌࢅ࠹ࠊ➠㸦ࡡሒ࿈ ᭡࡚࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡢᅗᐓࡡ⩇ຸؐؐᕰẰࡡ⩇ຸࡵ⛆ࡴࡼ࡛ؐؐࡊ࡙ࠉ♣ఌ ಕ㝸మโࢅ⩻᱄ࡊࡒࠊ♣ఌಕ㝸࡛࠷࠹ಕ㆜ࡡࢾࢴࢹ࣭࣠ࢠࢅᅗᐓฝࡌࡾࡆ ࡛࡚ࠉᕰẰࡢ❋இ࠾ࡼࡡ⮤⏜ࢅ┘ᣞࡌࡆ࡛࡚ࡀࡾࠊ࠵ࡾ࡛ࡐ࠹࡚ ࠷ࠉఴ࠵ࡾெ࡛ࡐ࠹࡚࠷ெࠉࡐࡿࡑࡿࡡ㛣࡞ᡜᚋࡡ්ฦ㒼ᶭ⬗഼ࡀࠉ ỀᖲⓏ࠽ࡻࡦᆱ├Ⓩපᖲ㐡ᠺࡈࡿࡾࠊࡆࡡ᱄ࡢ♣ఌಕ㝜࣬පⓏຐ࣬⚶Ⓩ㈋ ࡛࠷࠹㸨ࡗࡡ㸝Ẓ㔔ࡢ␏ࡾ㸞⾪Ⓩᡥṹ࡚ᵋᠺࡈࡿࡒࠊࡊ࠾ࡊࡆࡡ♣ఌ ಕ㝸ຝ⋙Ⓩ࡞ິࡂ࡞ࡢࠉᑛࡂ࡛ࡵ㸨ࡗࡡ๑ᥞ࠷ࡾࠊ➠㸧ࡡሒ࿈ࡢࡐࡡ୯ 85 ࠔᖶ࡞ᑊࡌࡾᏭධࡡධ㡷ᇡࡢ࠾ࡗ࡙⮤ⓆⓏ┞பຐࡡ༇ᇡࡓࡖࡒࠉᅗ ᐓฺ࡛ᚋ㏛ịࡡ⚶Ⓩႜฺ࡞ฦࡊ࡙ࡊࡱࡖࡒ࡛ࡊࡒࡼࠉ㐿᠅࡚࠵ࢀ࠹ࠕ 㸝Beveridge 1948: 296㸞ࠊ 24 ࡚᭩ኬࡡ๑ᥞ࡞❟ࡔྡྷ࠾ࡖࡒࠊᏰධ㞘⏕ࡡ☔ಕ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ්ࡦᅗᐓࡡ⩇ຸၡ㢗 ࡛ࡈࡿࡒࠊᗐࡢᕰሔࢅᶭ⬗ࡈࡎࡾࡒࡴࡡᅗᐓථ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ≁࡞ຘ഼ᕰሔ࡞࠽ ࠷࡙ࠉ㞺⤝ࡡΰ⟤࡛࠷࠹ᕰሔࡡ࠵ࡾࡀጶ㏛✪ࡈࡿࡒࠊᕰሔࡢ⮤ິㄢᩒᶭ⬗ ࡞ࡢḖࡄࡾࠉゝ⏤⤊ῥ࡞ධ㟻Ⓩ࡞ཱིࡖ࡙ࢂࡼࡿࡾࡀ࡚ࡢ࠷ࠊࡐࡡ ୯㛣ⓏᏋᅹ࡛ࡊ࡙ࠉᅗᐓࡡᕟዼโᚒ࡞ࡻࡾᕰሔᶭ⬗ࡡⓆᒈ┘ᣞࡈࡿࡒࠊර మⓏ࡞ࡢࠉ᭯ຝ㞺さࡡႋ㉫ࠉ⏐ᴏ㒼⨠ࡡโᚒࠉຘ഼Ὦິᛮࡡ⤄⧂࡛࠷࠹㸨ࡗ ࡡ㸝Ẓ㔔ࡢ␏ࡾ㸞⾪Ⓩᡥṹ࠵ࡾࠊ➠㸨ࡡሒ࿈᭡࡚࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡢؐؐ ࡆࡿࡱ࡚ࡢ்ࡴ࠾ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡒ86ࡓࡄࡡؐؐࠔᕰẰࡡ⩇ຸࠕ࡞❟ࡔྡྷ࠾ࡖࡒࠊࠔ㸧 ᅂࡡୠ⏲ኬᡋ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙୯᩷ࡈࡿࠉࡐࡡ⤎ᯕೳࡊ࡙࠷ࡒᩝ᪺ࡡ㐅Ṅࢅࠉெ㛣ᛮ 㸣㸣㸣㸣㸣㸣㸣㸣㸣㸣㸣㸣㸣㸣㸣㸣㸣㸣㸣 ཱིࡽᡘࡎࡾ။ୌࡡ᮪௲ࡢࠉᶊฺࡡ☔ヾࡻࡽࡵࡳࡊࢀ⩇ຸࡡᙁㄢ࡚࠵ࡾࠕ87ࠊⰃ ࡀ♣ఌࡢᅗᐓ࡚ࡢࡂᕰẰ࡞౪Ꮛࡌࡾ㸝Beveridge 1948: 320㸞ࠊࡒ࡛࠻Ᏸධ㞘⏕ ᠺ❟ࡊࠉ♣ఌಕ㝸Ᏸᠺࡊ࡙ࡵࠉᅗẰ᭩㝀ࡓࡄ࡚ᕰẰ♣ఌᵋᠺࡈࡿࡾࢂ ࡄ࡚ࡢ࠷ࠊ⮤ⓆⓏὩິ࡛࠷࠹ᗀኬ㡷ᇡᏋᅹࡌࡾࠊࡐࡆ࡞ࡢெ㸦ெ࡚ࡵ ᅗᐓࡡࡲ࡚ࡵථࡽ㎲ࡴ࠷ࠔභྜྷమࠕ ࠔ㏻ᖈវࠕ࡛࠷࠹୯㛣㡧┘࠵ࡾࠊࡐࡊ࡙ ࡆࡿ⮤⏜♣ఌ࡚࠵ࡾ88ࠊරమⓏ࡞ࡢࠉୌ⯙ⓏᇱᮇⓏᚪ㞺∸ࠉ≁ṞᇱᮇⓏᚪ 㞺∸ࠉᅗᐓࡡຐ࡛࠷࠹㸨ࡗࡡ㸝Ẓ㔔ࡢ␏ࡾ㸞⾪ⓏṟᏋࡌࡾ㡷ᇡᣞᦤ ࡈࡿࡒࠊࡆࡆ࡞࠽࠷࡙࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡡᚃ㒂షࡢᏰᠺࡊࡒࠊ㒂షࡢ࠽ப࠷ ࢅ๑ᥞ࡞ࡊࡒࡽⓆᒈᆵ࡞ࡊࡒࡽࠉᚘ⎌ࡊ࡙ᣉኬࡊࡒࡽࡌࡾࠊ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡢᅗ ᐓࡡ⩇ຸ࡛ᕰẰࡡ⩇ຸ࣬ᶊฺࢅᥝࡀวࡖࡒࠊࡆࡆ࡞࠽࠷࡙⮤⏜ᕰẰ♣ఌࡡࢡ ࣚࣤࢺࢸࢧࣤᏰᠺࡊࡒࠊ ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡡོᬓࡢ⌟ᅹࡡ⚗♬ᅗᐓ࡞ࡵྡྷࡄࡼࡿࡾࠊ ࠔࡹࡽ࠾ࡇ࠾ࡼሔࡱ ࡚ࠕࡡమโ☔❟ࡊ࡙࠾ࡼࠉኣࡂࡡ⚗♬ᅗᐓᢀึࡈࡿ࡙ࡀࡒࠊ⚗♬ࢦ࣭ࣄ ࢪࢅᶊฺ࡛ࡊ࡙ୌ᪁Ⓩ࡞࠻ࡾࡓࡄࡡࠔ⤝ᆵࠕᅗᐓࠉࢦ࣭ࣄࢪࡡୌඔⓏ౩⤝ ࡊ࠾࡚ࡀ࠷ࠔ୯ኳ㞗ᶊᆵࠕᅗᐓࠉ㈀ᨳࡡᨲ₌⤊ႜࢅࡵࡒࡼࡌࠔኬࡀᨳᗋࠕ ࡚࠵ࡾࠊᠻࠍ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡡ㸨ࡗࡡⴥషࢅୌమ࡛⩻࠻ࡾࠉࡆࡿࡼࡡᢀ ึࡢᏽහ࡞࠵ࡽࠉࡳࡊࢀスゝ⩽ࡢࡻࡽⰃ࠷ࠔ♣ఌࢦ࣭ࣄࢪᅗᐓࠕࢅ┘ᣞࡊ࡙ 86 ࠔᅗẰ᭩㝀ಕ㝸ࢅ☔❟ࡌࡾࡡ࡞ࠉ⮤ⓆⓏὩິࡡఴᆀ࡛ዜທࢅṟࡊ࡙࠽࠾ ࡄࡿࡣࡼ࠷ࠊࡐࡿࡑࡿࡡெࡢࠉ⮤ฦ⮤㌗࡛ᐓ᪐ࡡ᭩㝀௧୕ࡡࡵࡡࢅ✄ ࡃ࡛࠷࠹ࡡࡐࡡ⮤ⓆⓏὩິ࡚࠵ࡾࠕ㸝Beveridge 1942: 7, para.9㸞ࠊ 87 Beveridge (1948: 14)ࠉᅥⅤࢰࣛࢴࢠࠊ 88 ࠔ⮤⏜♣ఌࡡ㢟ⴥ┘༰ࡢࠉ⮤ฦ⮤㌗࠽ࡻࡦ௯㛣ࡡ⏍ὩࢅⰃࡂࡌࡾࡒࡴ࡞ࠉ ⮤ฦࡡᐓᗖ௧አࡡ⮤ⓆⓏὩິὩⓆ࠾ࡗ㇇ᐣ࡚࠵ࡾࡆ࡛࡚࠵ࡾࠕ㸝Beveridge 1948: 10㸞ࠊ 25 ࠷ࡒࡆ࡛ࢂ࠾ࡾࠊᕰẰ࡞ࡢಕ㝜ࡡᣈฝ࡛⮤ⓆⓏὩິ࡛࠷࠹አ㟻࠽ࡻࡦහ㟻ࡡ ⩇ຸ࠵ࡾࠊ⚗♬ࡡ౩⤝ࡢᅗᐓୌඔⓏ࡞⾔࠹ࡡ࡚ࡢ࠷ࠊࡳࡊࢀࠔᅗᐓࡢᅗ ᐓࡓࡄ࡚ࡀࡾࡆ࡛ࠉࡌࢂࡔ㔘ࢅ㐘ႜ 000 ࡊ࡙ᨥฝࢅ⥌ᣚࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࡓࡄࢅ ࡌࡀ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡆࢅᏬࡽࠉᅗᐓࡢ࡚ࡀࡾࡓࡄኣࡂࡡᕰẰࡒࡔ࡞ណ࣬㉫ᴏࡡ ఴᆀࢅṟࡌࡀ࡚࠵ࡾࠕ 㸝Beveridge 1948: 319㸞89ࠊᅗᐓࡡᙲࡢ♣ఌಕ㝸โᗐ ࡡᵋ⠇࡛⥌ᣚ࡞࠵ࡾࠊᕰẰࡡᙲࡢ⮤ⓆⓏὩິ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙⮤ฦࡡ௯㛣ࡒࡔࢅᨥ࠻ ࡾࡆ࡛࡞࠵ࡾࠊ୦⩽ࡡᙲฦᢰࡢࡢࡖࡀࡽࡊ࡙࠽ࡽࠉࡊ࠾ࡵཫ᪁ྡྷ࡞ᏰⓏ࡚ ࠵ࡾࠊࡔࡼ࠾Ḗࡄ࡙ࡵ♣ఌࡢᶭ⬗ࡊ࠷ࠊࡐࡊ࡙⚗♬ࡡโᗐࡢࢢࣤࢫࡡ ᏽ㏳ࡽࠔᢜ⩄࡞Ꮽࡂࡗࡂࡵࡡࠕ90࡚ࠉᣈฝཋ์࡚ᑙࡌࡾ㝀ࡽࠉ㈀ᨳࡡ◒⥚ࢅ ࡵࡒࡼࡈ࠷ࠊࡆࡡࡻ࠹ᅗᐓ࣬ᕰሔ࣬ᕰẰ┞ப࡞౪Ꮛࡊ࡙Ⓠᒈࡊ࡙࠷ࡂ♣ ఌࢅࠉ⥪ྙⓏ࡞ࠔ⚗♬♣ఌࡡᮮࠕ࡛ྞࡄ࡙Ⰳ࠷ࡓࢀ࠹ࠊ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡢ≻ ⩇࡞ࡢ⚗♬ᅗᐓࡡスゝ⩽࡚࠵ࡾࠉᗀ⩇࡞ࡢ⚗♬♣ఌࡡ⩻᱄⩽࡚ࡵ࠵ࡾࠊᠻࠍ ࡢ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࡡ⤣ୌⓏ࿈ࢅࠉࡵ࠹㸦ᗐ⢥ᰕࡌࡾᚪさ࠵ࡾࠊ ࠔࡐࡊ࡙ࡗ࠷࡞ெ㛣♣ఌࡢ㸦ࡗࡡཪយᅆమ࡞ࡾࠊ͐ࡐࡿࡑࡿ⮤⏜⏍Ὡ ࢅᣚࡔࠉࡐࡿࡑࡿභ㏳┘Ⓩ࡛ࡐࡡ┘Ⓩ࡞ዅࡌࡾ⣛ᖈ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ࠉࡡࡌ 㸣㸣㸣㸣㸣㸣㸣㸣㸣㸣 ࡙ࡡெࢅ⤎ࡦࡄ࡙࠷ࡾ㒂㛓ᥞᦘࡊࡒ⛓ᗆ an Affiliated Order of branches ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࠕ㸝Beveridge 1948: 324㸞 ࠊ ཤ⩻ᩝ⊡ BP, the Beveridge Papers in the Archive Section, British Library of Political Science, London School of Economics and Political Science. PRO, Public Record Office (The National Archives), Kew, London, Beveridge, W. H. (1942) Social Insurance and Allied Services, Cmd. 6404, London: His Majesty's Stationery Office. Beveridge, W. H. (1944/1945) Full Employment in a Free Society, New York: 89 ࢢࣤࢫࡵྜྷᵕࡡヾㆉࢅᣚࡗࠊ ࠔ͐ᨳᗋᶭ⬗ࡡᣉᘿࡢࠉ͐⌟ᅹࡡ⤊ῥᵕᘟࡡධ 㟻Ⓩᓻቪࢅᅂ㑂ࡌࡾ။ୌࡡᐁ⾔ྊ⬗ᡥṹ࡚࠵ࡾ࡛ྜྷ࡞ࠉெࡡណࢅຝ ᯕⓏ࡞Ⓠᥱࡈࡎࡾ᮪௲࡚࠵ࡾࠕ㸝CW7 1973/1936: 380㸞ࠊ 90 CW27㸝1980/1944: 263㸞 ࠉ1944 ᖳ㸪᭮㸦㸪ࠉࢢࣤࢫ࠾ࡼ࢟ࣜࣁ࣭ࢹ࠽ ࡻࡦ࣌ࣈ࢞ࣤࢪࡡᡥ⣤ࠊ 26 W. W. Norton & Company. Inc. (First published by Allen &Unwin in 1944). Beveridge, W. H. (1948) Voluntary Action: A Report on Methods of Social Advance, London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd. Beveridge, W. H. 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C. (ed.) (2004) Keynes and his Critics: Treasury Responses to the Keynesian Revolution 1925-1946, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Pierson, C. (1991) Beyond the Welfare State? , Oxford: Basil Blackwell. 㸝⏛ ୯࣬♼ㆺゼࠖ᭜ࡽみ࡞ࡀࡒ⚗♬ᅗᐓࠗᮅᮮ♣ࠉ1996 ᖳ㸞ࠊ Robbins, L. (1971) Autobiography of an Economist, London: Macmillan. Skidelsky, R. (1983) John Maynard Keynes, Hopes Betrayed 1883-1920, London: Macmillan. Skidelsky, R. (1994/1992) John Maynard Keynes, The Economist as Saviour 1920-1937, paperpac edition, London: Macmillan. Skidelsky, R. (2000) John Maynard Keynes: Fighting for Britain 1937-1946, London: Macmillan. Toye, J. (2000) Keynes on Population, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Wood, B. (1984) E.F. Schumacher: His Life and Thought, New York: Harper & Row, Publishers (First published in England under the title Alias Papa: A life of Fritz Schumacher). ኬ๑᭶㑳㸝1983㸞ࠖ♣ఌಕ㝸࡛ࢻࢨࣘࢻ࣐ࣜࢼ࣏࣑㸝ቌ∟㸞࣐ࠗࢾࣜࣥ᭡ ᡛࠊ ᑚᯐኬ㏸㸝1990㸞ࠔ⚗♬ᅗᐓࡡࡹࡂ࠻ࠕ㊂❟ḿᶖ⥽ࠖ㸝ቌ㸞⚗♬ᅗᐓࡡṌྍ࡛ ᒈ᭻ࠗἪᚂᩝ♣ࠉpp.173-204ࠊ 28 ᑚᒜ㊪⏠㸝1978㸞ࠖこὊ♣ఌᴏྍㄵࠗක⏍㤃ࠊ ሲ㔕ㆺ♰ୌ㸝2002㸞ࠖ⤊ῥ࡛⌦ؐ⚗♬ᅗᐓࡡူᏕؐࠗ᮶ாኬᏕฝ∟ఌࠊ ᆀ㔔⨶㸝1995㸞 ࠔ࣑ࣛ࣬࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩؐᴏㄵ࡛♣ఌಕ㝸ㄵࡡࣆࣞࣤࢷ ؐࠕ♣ఌಕ㝸◂✪ᡜ⥽ࠖ♣ఌಕ㝸ࡡ᩺₳Ὦࠗ᭯ᩣ㛮ࠉpp.27-49ࠊ 㘘ᓞ├ᶖ㸝2001㸞ࠖࢢࣤࢫ࡛࢜ࣝࢵ࢞ؐ࣎ࢪࢹ࣬ࢢࣤࢫὬ⤊ῥᏕࡡ″ἠؐࠗ ྞཿᒁኬᏕฝ∟ఌࠊ ᯐ༡㸝2002㸞ࠔ࣊ࣥࣛࢴࢩࠖ࣍ࣚࣤࢰ࣭ࣛ࣬ࢠࢨ්ࣘࣤࠗ⩻ࠕࠖ◂✪ᡜᖳ ሒࠗ㸝᪺Ꮥ㝌ኬᏕ࣬♣ఌᏕ㒂㜻ᒌ◂✪ᡜ㸞➠ 32 ྒࠉpp.105-118ࠊ ᖲಆ㢟㸝2003㸞 ࠖࢢࣤࢫࡡ⌦ㄵؐ々ྙⓏっᗑ࠾ࡼࡡ◂✪ؐࠗ᮶ாኬᏕฝ∟ఌࠊ ᐋᮇኯ㑳㸝1999㸞ࠖ⚗♬ᅗᐓ࡛࠷࠹ᡋ␆ࠗἪᚂᩝ♣ࠊ ẗฺᘋ㸝1990㸞ࠖ࢟ࣛࢪ⚗♬ᅗᐓࡡ◂✪ؐ♣ఌಕ㝸Ⓠ㐡ࡡㅎ⏤ؐࠗ᮶ாኬ Ꮥฝ∟ఌࠊ ὰெ㸝1997㸞ࠔ࣍ࣚࣤࢰ࣭ࣛ࣬ࢠࢨࣘࣤណࡌࡾࡵࡡࠕࠖᩝாዥᏄኬᏕ ⣎さ㸝ெ㛣Ꮥ㒂㸞ࠗ➠㸦ᕬ➠㸦ྒࠉpp.219-228ࠊ 29
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