見る/開く - 岐阜大学機関リポジトリ

Title
『シャーロット・サマーズの物語』 : 『トム・ジョーンズ
』と『トリストラム・シャンディ』とをつなぐ忘れられた
小説
Author(s)
内田, 勝
Citation
[岐阜大学地域科学部研究報告] vol.[38] no.[1] p.[19]-[44]
Issue Date
2016
Rights
Version
岐阜大学地域科学部 (Faculty of Regional Studies, Gifu
University)
URL
http://repository.lib.gifu-u.ac.jp/handle/123456789/54157
※この資料の著作権は、各資料の著者・学協会・出版社等に帰属します。
ᒱ㜧኱Ꮫᆅᇦ⛉Ꮫ㒊◊✲ሗ࿌➨ 38 ྕ㸸19-44㸦2016㸧
19
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬࡢ≀ㄒ࠘̾̾
ࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘࡜ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࢕࠘
࡜ࢆࡘ࡞ࡄᛀࢀࡽࢀࡓᑠㄝ
ෆ ⏣ ຾
㸦2015 ᖺ 12 ᭶ 7 ᪥ཷ⌮㸧
The History of Charlotte Summers: A Missing Link between Tom Jones
and Tristram Shandy
Masaru UCHIDA
熇熄〩̷ͤͤ͡Ⱡ嫽˧΍ιϒσΙΞϑ΋δϒΐ˨
࠶ࡿ࡜♧ࡍࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣỴࡋ࡚㸪
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕ
ࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡀࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘ࡸࠗࢺ
ࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࢕࠘࡟༉ᩛࡍࡿ㔜せ࡞ᩥᏛ
18 ୡ⣖༙ࡤࡢࣟࣥࢻ࡛ࣥ༏ྡࡢస⪅࡟ࡼࡗ࡚
ྐⓗព⩏ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ2 ࡘ
⮬㈝ฟ∧ࡉࢀࡓ㸪
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬࡢ≀ㄒ㸪
ࡢྂ඾ࡀᣢࡘ≉ᚩࢆྜࢃࡏᣢࡘࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭
ᖾ㐠࡞ᩍ༊Ꮩඣ࠘
㸦The History of Charlotte Summers,
ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡣ㸪
ࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘ࡢᙉ࠸ᙳ㡪ࢆ
the Fortunate Parish Girl, 1750; ESTC #: T66897㸧࡜
ཷࡅ࡞ࡀࡽࡶ㸪
ࡢࡕࡢ
ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࢕࠘
1
࠸࠺ᑠㄝࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ࢱ࢖ࢺ࣮ࣝ࣌ࢪ࡟ࡣห⾜ᖺࡀグ
࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ࣓ࢱࣇ࢕ࢡࢩࣙࣥⓗ࡞᪂ࡋ࠸ㄒࡾ᪉ࡢ
ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ྠ᫬௦ࡢ᭩ホㄅ࣐ࠗࣥࢫ࣮࣭ࣜ
ᢏἲࢆ♧ࡋጞࡵࡓ㸪ᙜ᫬ࡢᶆ‽ⓗ࡞ᑠㄝࡢጼࢆ඾
ࣦ࣮ࣞࣗ࠘1750 ᖺ 2 ᭶ྕ࡛ࠕ௒᭶ࡢ᪂หࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚
ᆺⓗ࡟⾲ࢃࡍ᱁ዲࡢࢧࣥࣉ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿ࡜ゝ࠸ࡓ࠸ࡢ
⤂௓ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ห⾜ᖺࡀ≉ᐃ࡛ࡁࡿ
ࡔࠋ
2
㸦Monthly 352㸧
ࠋ ᮏ✏ࡢ┠ⓗࡣ㸪⌧ᅾ࡛ࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ
ห⾜ᙜึࡢࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡀ࠿࡞
࡝ᛀࢀཤࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡢᑠㄝࡀ㸪18 ୡ⣖࢖ࢠࣜࢫ
ࡾࡢேẼᑠㄝ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ドᣐ࠿
ᑠㄝࢆ௦⾲ࡍࡿ஧ࡘࡢྡస㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ࣮࣭࣊ࣥࣜ
ࡽ࠺࠿ࡀ࠼ࡿࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࡤྠ᫬௦ࡢ࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡢ๻స
ࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢹ࢕ࣥࢢ㸦Henry Fielding, 1707̽54㸧ࡢࠗࢺ
ᐙࢪ࣮ࣙࢪ࣭ࢥ࣮࣐ࣝࣥ㸦George Colman, 1732̽94㸧
࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘㸦The History of Tom Jones, a
ࡣ㸪ᑠㄝ࣐ࢽ࢔ࡢⱝ࠸ፉࢆ୺ேබ࡜ࡍࡿ႐๻࣏ࠗ
Foundling, 1749㸧࡜㸪࣮ࣟࣞࣥࢫ࣭ࢫࢱ࣮ࣥ
࣮࣭ࣜࣁࢽࢥ࣒࢘࠘
㸦Polly Honeycombe, 1760㸧ࡢ
㸦Laurence Sterne, 1713–68㸧ࡢࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕ
ᗎᩥࡢᮎᑿ࡟㸪࠶ࡿ㈚ᮏᒇࡢⶶ᭩࢝ࢱࣟࢢ࠿ࡽᢤ
ࣥࢹ࢕࠘
㸦The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy,
⢋ࡋࡓ࡜࠸࠺タᐃ࡛ᙜ᫬ࡢὶ⾜ᑠㄝ 181 సရࡢࢱ
Gentleman, 1759–67㸧࡜ࢆࡘ࡞ࡄᩥᏛྐୖࡢ఩⨨࡟
࢖ࢺࣝࢆ⨶ิࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࡀ㸦Scott 465㸧
㸪ࡑࡢࣜ
20
ෆ⏣ ຾
ࢫࢺ࡟ࡣ㸪18 ୡ⣖࢖ࢠࣜࢫᑠㄝࡢྂ඾࡜ࡉࢀࡿࢧ
ࡇࢀ࡯࡝ࡲ࡛࡟ 18 ୡ⣖ࡢ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃㅖᅜ࡛ឡ
࣑࢚࣭ࣗࣝࣜࢳ࣮ࣕࢻࢯࣥ㸦Samuel Richardson,
ࡉࢀࡓ≀ㄒࡣ㸪࠸ࡗࡓ࠸࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ෆᐜ࡞ࡢࡔࢁ
1689–1761㸧ࡢࠗࣃ࣑ࣛ࠘
㸦Pamela; or, Virtue Rewarded,
࠺࠿ࠋḟ⠇࡛ࡣࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡢ≀
1740㸧࠾ࡼࡧࠗࢡࣛࣜࢵࢧ࠘
㸦Clarissa; or, The History
ㄒࡢᴫせࢆࡓ࡝ࡗ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ
of a Young Lady, 1747–48㸧
㸪ࡑࡋ࡚ࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢹ࢕ࣥ
ࢢࡢࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘࡜࠸ࡗࡓྡసࡸ㸪స⪅
୙ヲࡢࠗ㯮እዓࡢෑ㝤࠘
㸦The Adventures of a Black
熈熄
˧΍ιϒσΙΞϑ΋δϒΐ˨͆㧓姒
Coat, 1760㸧࡜࠸ࡗࡓᛀࢀࡽࢀࡓὶ⾜ᑠㄝ࡜୪ࢇ࡛㸪
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡶྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
ࡇࡢᑠㄝࡣ≀⌮ⓗ࡟ࡣ 2 ᕳᮏࡔࡀ㸪ෆᐜ㠃࡛ࡣ
㸦Brewer 65㸧
ࠋ
㸦book㸧
࠿ࡽᡂࡿ 4 㒊ᵓᡂ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪
ྛᕳࡀ 2 ࡘࡢ㒊
15̽18 ୡ⣖࡟୺࡜ࡋ࡚࢖ࢠࣜࢫㅖᓥ࠾ࡼࡧ໭࢔
ྛ㒊ࡢ࠶ࡽࡍࡌࡣ௨ୗࡢ࡜࠾ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࣓࡛ࣜ࢝ฟ∧ࡉࢀࡓห⾜≀ࡢ⥲ྜ┠㘓࡛࠶ࡿ The
English Short Title Catalogue㸦ESTC㸧࡟ࡣ㸪
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕ
➨ 1 ᕳ㸦Vol. I㸧
ࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘
ࡢ 5 ࡘࡢ∧ࡀᥖ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
1750 ᖺ࡟ࣟࣥࢻ࡛ࣥฟࡓึ∧࡟ຍ࠼㸪ྠࡌᖺ࡟ฟ
㹙➨ 1 㒊㸦Book I㸧
㹛࢙࣮࢘ࣝࢬࡢ⿱⚟࡞෸⏨∖ࡢ
ࡓ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿ➨ 2 ∧㸦ESTC #: N33064㸧
㸪1753 ᖺ
ጔࣞࢹ࢕࣭ࣂ࢘ࣥࢸ࢕ࣇࣝ㸦Lady Bountiful㸧ࡣ㸪
ࡢࢲࣈࣜࣥ∧㸦ESTC #: N32712㸧
㸪ࣟࣥࢻࣥࡢูࡢ
ኵࡢṚᚋࡶࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ឿၿάືࢆ⾜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ
ฟ∧⪅ࡀ 1758 ᖺࡈࢁ࡟ฟࡋࡓ➨ 4 ∧㸦ESTC #:
ᙼዪࡣࣟࣥࢻࣥᅾ᫬࡟㸪7 ṓࡢᩍ༊Ꮩඣ㸦ᩍ༊
T126294㸧
㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ูࡢฟ∧⪅ࡀ 1770 ᖺ࡟ฟࡋࡓ
ࡢឿၿ஦ᴗ࡜ࡋ࡚㣴⫱ࡉࢀࡿ㌟ᐤࡾࡢ࡞࠸Ꮩඣ㸧
∧㸦ESTC #: N17437㸧ࡢ 5 ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࡛࠶ࡿࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ㸦Charlotte Summers㸧
ESTC ࡟ࡣࡇࢀࡽ࡟ຍ࠼㸪
1750 ᖺ௦࠿ࡽ 80 ᖺ௦
࡜ฟ఍࠸㸪ቃ㐝࡟ఝྜࢃࡠࡑࡢୖရ࡞≀⭜࡟ឤ㖭
࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ฟࡓ 9 ✀㢮ࡢࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒ∧㸦L’orpheline
ࢆཷࡅࡿࠋ
㸦ࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡀᬽࡽࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡣ㸪ࣛ
angloise, ou histoire de Charlotte Summers㸧ࡶᥖ㍕ࡉ
࣒ࢬ࣭ࢥࣥࢹࣗ࢖ࢵࢺ࣭ࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻ
㹙Lamb’s Conduit
ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢᑠㄝࡣ≉࡟㠉࿨๓ࡢࣇࣛࣥࢫ࡛ே
Field㹛࡟࠶ࡗࡓ㸪ຎᝏ࡞⎔ቃ࡛ᝏྡ㧗࠸ࣟࣥࢻࣥ
Ẽࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡢࡔࠋ1740 ᖺ࠿ࡽ 1760 ᖺ࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ࡢ
Ꮩඣ㣴⫱㝔㹙The Foundling Hospital㹛࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
㸧ࣞ
ࣇࣛࣥࢫࡢಶேⶶ᭩࢝ࢱࣟࢢࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓࢲࢽ࢚
ࢹ࢕࣭ࣂ࢘ࣥࢸ࢕ࣇࣝࡣౝዪࡢ࣐࣮ࢪ࣮ࣕࣜ㸦Mrs.
࣭ࣝࣔࣝࢿ㸦Daniel Mornet㸧ࡢ◊✲࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ⱥ
Margery㸧࡟࿨ࡌ࡚ࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࢆᝒ᝺࡞ቃ㐝࠿ࡽ
ᩥᏛ◊✲⪅ࡢ࣓࢔࣮࣭࣭࣐ࣜ࣊ࣞࣥࢡ࣐ࣛࣥ㸦Mary
ᩆ࠸ฟࡋ㸪㣴⫱ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡍࡿࠋࣞࢹ࢕࣭ࣂ࢘ࣥ
Helen Mcmurran㸧ࡀ᭩࠸ࡓㄽᩥ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪ࣇࣛࣥ
ࢸ࢕ࣇࣝࡢ཭ேࡢዪᛶࡓࡕࡢ๓࡟⌧ࢀࡓࢩ࣮ࣕ
ࢫㄒ∧ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡣ㸪ࣜࢳ࣮ࣕ
ࣟࢵࢺࡣ㸪ዪᛶࡓࡕࡢ୍ே࠿ࡽ㸪ᚰඃࡋ࠸㎰ኵ࡟
ࢻࢯࣥࡢࠗࣃ࣑ࣛ࠘
㸪ࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢹ࢕ࣥࢢࡢࠗࢺ࣒࣭
ᘬࡁྲྀࡽࢀࡓᏙඣࡢᑡዪࡀ㸪ᩘࠎࡢヨ⦎ࢆ⤒࡚⏕
ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘
㸪ࡑࡋ࡚ࣜࢳ࣮ࣕࢻࢯࣥࡢࠗࢡࣛࣜࢵ
ࡁูࢀࡢ⿱⚟࡞∗࡜෌఍ࡋ㸪┦ᛮ┦ឡࡔࡗࡓ㎰ኵ
ࢧ࠘࡟ḟ࠸࡛ 4 ␒┠࡟ேẼࡢ࠶ࡗࡓ௖ヂ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ
ࡢᜥᏊ࡜⤖፧ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࠕឿᝒ῝࠸㎰ኵࡢ≀ㄒࠖ
ᑠㄝ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦Mcmurran, “National” 53; Mornet 461㸧
ࠋ
㸦“The History of the Charitable Farmer”㸧ࢆ⪺ࡃࠋ
1763 ᖺ࡟ࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒ∧࠿ࡽ㔜ヂࡉࢀࡓࣟࢩ࢔ㄒ
࢙࣮࢘ࣝࢬࡢ኱㑰Ꮿ࡛ᬽࡽࡍࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࢩ࣮ࣕ
∧ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘
㸦Сирота аглинская,
ࣟࢵࢺࡣ㸪ࣞࢹ࢕࣭ࣂ࢘ࣥࢸ࢕ࣇࣝࡢᜥᏊࡢࢧ࣮࣭
или История о Шарлотте Суммерс㸧ࡀ㸪ྠ᫬௦ࡢ
ࢺ࣐ࢫ㸦Sir Thomas㸧࡜୍⥴࡟㸪࠾௜ࡁࡢ་ᖌࡸ
ࣟࢩ࢔ேసᐙ࡟ከ኱࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࢆㄽࡌ
∾ᖌ࡟ඃࡋࡃぢᏲࡽࢀ࡚ᡂ㛗ࡍࡿࠋ୍᪉㸪ࢩ࣮ࣕ
ࡓ◊✲ࡶ࠶ࡿ㸦Garn㸧
ࠋୡ⏺ࡢ୺せᅗ᭩㤋ⶶ᭩┠㘓
ࣟࢵࢺࡢஸࡁẕࡢ࣓࢖ࢻࡔࡗࡓዪᛶࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚㸪
ࡢ⤫ྜ᳨⣴ࢧ࢖ࢺ WorldCat ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪1751 ᖺ࡜
ࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡢ⣲ᛶࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡿࠋࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵ
1790 ᖺ࡟ห⾜ࡉࢀࡓ࢜ࣛࣥࢲㄒ∧
㸦Historie van het
ࢺࡢẕࡣ୺ᩍࡢፉࡔࡗࡓࡀ㸪ᐙࡀἐⴠࡋࡓᚋ㸪࢔
verlatene en gelukkige weeskind, Charlotte Summers㸧
࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻࡢᏊ∖ᐙࡢḟ⏨࡛㝣㌷኱ᑚࡢࣟࣂ࣮
ࡶᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ㸦Robert Summers㸧࡜ᜊ࡟ⴠࡕ࡚⤖
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬࡢ≀ㄒ࠘̿̿ࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘࡜
ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢸ࢕࠘࡜ࢆࡘ࡞ࡄᛀࢀࡽࢀࡓᑠㄝ
21
፧㸪ࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࢆ⏘ࢇࡔࠋᨺⷙ⪅ࡢࣟࣂ࣮ࢺࡣ
࠼ࡽࢀࡎ㸪୍᪉࡛ᜠ⩏ࡢ࠶ࡿࣞࢹ࢕࣭ࣂ࢘ࣥࢸ࢕
⮬ศ࠾ࡼࡧጔࡢ㈈⏘ࢆ౑࠸ᯝࡓࡋ࡚೉㔠ࢆᢪ࠼ࡓ
ࣇࣝ࡟㏫ࡽࡗ࡚ࢧ࣮࣭ࢺ࣐ࢫ࡜㥑ࡅⴠࡕࡍࡿࡇ࡜
ᮎ࡟㸪ጔ࡜ፉࢆᤞ࡚㸪᪤፧⪅࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ㞃ࡋ࡚
ࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋษ⩚ワࡲࡗࡓᙼዪࡣ㸪῝ኪ࡟୍
⿱⚟࡞ၟேࡢፉ࡜⤖፧ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࡀኻᩋ㸪ࡑࡢ
ே࡛ᒇᩜࢆᢤࡅฟࡍࠋࡓࡕࡲࡕᙉ┐ࡓࡕ࡟ࣞ࢖ࣉ
ᚋࡣ⾜᪉▱ࢀࡎ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡢẕࡣ㈋ᅔ
ࡉࢀࡑ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࡀ㸪ぶษ࡞㎰ኵ࡟ᩆࢃࢀ㸪ࡋࡤࡽ
ࡢ࠺ࡕ࡟ୡࢆཤࡾ㸪ኳᾭᏙ⊂ࡢࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡣᩍ
ࡃ㎰ኵࡢᐙ࡛ᬽࡽࡍࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡣ
༊Ꮩඣ࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡔࡗࡓࠋ
㌟ඖࢆ㞃ࡍࡓࡵ࡟ࢧ࣮࣭ࣜࢹ࢕ࢣࣥࢬ㸦Sally
Dickens㸧࡜࠸࠺ഇྡࢆ౑࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡍࡿࠋ㎰ኵࡢᜥ
㹙➨ 2 㒊㸦Book II㸧
㹛ࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡣ 17 ṓࡢ⨾ࡋ
Ꮚࡀࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࡟ᜊࢆࡋ㸪㎰ኵࡢጔࡸፉࡣᙼࡽ
࠸ፉ࡟ᡂ㛗ࡋ㸪࠶ࡲࡾ࡟㨩ຊⓗ࡞ᐜጼࡢࡏ࠸࡛㸪
ࢆ⤖፧ࡉࡏࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࠋࢧ࣮࣭ࢺ࣐ࢫࢆᛀࢀࡽࢀ
ࡑࡢጼࢆ┠࡟ࡋࡓ⏨ᛶࢆክ୰࡟ࡉࡏࡎ࡟ࡣ࠾࠿࡞
࡞࠸ࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡀ⤖፧ࢆᣄࡴ࡜㸪㎰ኵࡢጔ࡜ፉ
࠸ࠋᙼዪࡣࣞࢹ࢕࣭ࣂ࢘ࣥࢸ࢕ࣇࣝࡢᜥᏊࡢࢧ࣮࣭
ࡣࡑࡢ⭡࠸ࡏ࡟㸪㌟ศ࡟ࡑࡄࢃࡠ኱㔠ࡸ㇦⳹࡞ရ
ࢺ࣐ࢫ࡜┦ᛮ┦ឡࡢ௰࡟࡞ࡿࡀ㸪⾑➽࡜ᐙ᯶࡟ே
≀ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡀἾᲬ࡟㐪࠸࡞࠸࡜
୍ಸࡇࡔࢃࡿࣞࢹ࢕࣭ࣂ࢘ࣥࢸ࢕ࣇࣝࡀ஧ேࡢ⤖
ࡋ࡚ᙼዪࢆ࿌Ⓨࡍࡿࠋࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡣ㐊ᤕࡉࢀ㸪
፧ࢆㄆࡵࡿࡣࡎࡶ࡞ࡃ㸪஧ேࡣ஺㝿ࢆ⛎ᐦ࡟ࡋ࡚
἞Ᏻุ஦ࡢᒇᩜ࡛⿢࠿ࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࡀ㸪ᙼዪ࡟
࠸ࡿࠋ࠶ࡿ᫬㸪ࣞࢹ࢕࣭ࣂ࢘ࣥࢸ࢕ࣇࣝࡢぶᡉࡢ
ዲពࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ㏆ᡤࡢⱝ࠸⏨ࡀ㸪㎰ኵ୍ᐙࡀ㐊
⿱⚟࡞㟷ᖺࢡࣟࣇࢶ㸦Mr. Crofts㸧ࡀᒇᩜ࡟ᅾࡋ㸪
ᤕ㦁ࡂࡢ࡝ࡉࡃࡉ࡟⣮ࢀ࡚ࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡢ㔠ရࢆ
ࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࡟ᜊࢆࡍࡿࠋᙼዪࡀᩍ༊Ꮩඣ࡛࠶ࡗ
┐ࢇࡔࡇ࡜ࢆ▱ࡾ㸪
ูࡢ἞Ᏻุ஦࡟ッ࠼ࢆ㉳ࡇࡍࠋ
ࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ▱ࡗࡓࢡࣟࣇࢶࡣ㸪ᙼዪࢆ⤖፧ࡢᑐ㇟࡛
ࡇࡢ἞Ᏻุ஦ࡢጔ࣮࣡ࢪ࣮ኵே㸦Mrs. Worthy㸧ࡣ㸪
ࡣ࡞ࡃᛶḧࢆ‶ࡓࡍᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼㸪࣓࢖ࢻࡢᡭ
㐊ᤕࡉࢀࡓࢧ࣮࣭ࣜࢹ࢕ࢣࣥࢬࡀࣞࢹ࢕࣭ࣂ࢘ࣥ
ᘬࡁ࡛ᙼዪࢆࣞ࢖ࣉࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࠋ㛫୍㧥࡛㞴ࢆ
ࢸ࢕ࣇࣝࡢᒇᩜࢆฟዑࡋࡓࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ
㏨ࢀࡓࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡔࡗࡓࡀ㸪ᙼዪࡀࣞ࢖ࣉࡉࢀ
࡜ࢆぢᢤࡁ㸪ኵ࡜༠ຊࡋ࡚ᙼዪࢆᩆ࠸ฟࡍ࡜㸪㌟
ࡓ࡜ᛮ࠸㎸ࢇ࡛⃭ᛣࡋࡓࢧ࣮࣭ࢺ࣐ࢫࡣ㸪ࢡࣟࣇ
ඖࢆఅࡏࡓࡲࡲ⮬ศࡢᒇᩜ࡟ఫࡲࢃࡏࡿࠋ࣮࣡
ࢶࢆࣆࢫࢺ࡛ࣝᧁࡕ኱᛹ᡃࢆࡉࡏࡿࠋᒇᩜ࡟␃
ࢪ࣮ኵேࡣࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡢᕼᮃ㏻ࡾ㸪ࣟࣥࢻ࡛ࣥ
ࡲࡗ࡚യࢆ⒵ࡸࡋࡓࢡࣟࣇࢶࡣ㸪ࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࡬
㈗፬ேࡢᒇᩜ࡟ዊබ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺⤂௓≧ࢆ᭩࠸࡚ࡸ
ࡢᜊ᝟ࢆᢚ࠼ࡽࢀࡎ㸪ᙼዪ࡜ࡢ⤖፧ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࡼ࠺
ࡿࠋ
࡟࡞ࡿࠋᙼࡣࣞࢹ࢕࣭ࣂ࢘ࣥࢸ࢕ࣇࣝ࡟Ẽᣢࡕࢆ
ఏ࠼ࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪ࢧ࣮࣭ࢺ࣐ࢫࡀࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࡜
㹙➨ 4 㒊㸦Book IV㸧
㹛ࢧ࣮࣭ࣜࢹ࢕ࢣࣥࢬࢆྡ஌ࡗ
ᜊ௰࡟࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ࡯ࡢࡵ࠿ࡍࠋ
ࣞࢹ࢕࣭ࣂ࢘ࣥࢸ࢕
ࡓࡲࡲ༢㌟࡛ࣟࣥࢻࣥ࡟ࡸࡗ࡚᮶ࡓࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ
ࣇࣝࡣ㸪ᜥᏊࡀࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࡟ᜊࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡞࡝࠶
ࡔࡗࡓࡀ㸪ᡭ㐪࠸ࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ዊබࡍࡿணᐃࡔࡗࡓ㈗
ࡾ࠼࡞࠸࡜ゝ࠸㸪ࢡࣟࣇࢶ࡬ࡢ༠ຊࢆ⣙᮰ࡍࡿࠋ
፬ேࡣእᅜ࡟⾜ࡗ࡚࠸࡚୙ᅾࡔࡗࡓࠋᙼዪࡣࡋࡤ
ࡽࡃࣟࣥࢻࣥࡢୗᐟ࡟㒊ᒇࢆ೉ࡾ࡚ఫࡴࡇ࡜࡟࡞
➨ 2 ᕳ㸦Vol. II㸧
ࡿࡀ㸪
ྠࡌୗᐟ࡟ᅾࡍࡿᖺ཰ 2000 ࣏ࣥࢻࡢ⿱⚟
࡞ࣉࣛ࢖ࢫ኱ᑚ㸦Captain Price㸧࡟ࡋࡘࡇࡃồឡࡉ
㹙➨ 3 㒊㸦Book III㸧
㹛ࣞࢹ࢕࣭ࣂ࢘ࣥࢸ࢕ࣇࣝࡣ
ࢀ㸪ᛂࡌࡎ࡟࠸ࡿ࡜ࡘ࠸࡟ࡣኪ୰࡟ࣞ࢖ࣉࡉࢀࡑ
ᜥᏊࡢࢧ࣮࣭ࢺ࣐ࢫ࡜ࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡀ஧ேࡁࡾ࡛
࠺࡟࡞ࡿࠋ
ᐇࡣࡇࡢୗᐟࡢዪᑗࡣ኎᫓ࡢ௰௓⪅࡛㸪
ぶࡋࡃヰࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࢆഅ↛ぢࡘࡅ࡚⃭ᛣࡍࡿࠋᙼ
ୗᐟேࡢዪࡓࡕࢆ፛፬࡜ࡋ࡚ᐈ࡟⤂௓ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ
ዪࡣᜥᏊࡀ༝ࡋ࠸㌟ศࡢࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࡜⤖፧ࡍࡿ
ࡔࠋ༴࠺ࡃ㞴ࢆ㏨ࢀࡓࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡣูࡢୗᐟ࡟
ࡇ࡜࡞࡝Ỵࡋ࡚ㄆࡵࡼ࠺࡜ࡏࡎ㸪ࢧ࣮࣭ࢺ࣐ࢫ࡜
⛣ࡾ㸪ዪᑗࡢ▱ࡾྜ࠸ࡢ᭹ᆅၟࡢዪᛶࡢᗑ࡛ാࡁ
ẕ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡣᛴ⃭࡟ᝏ໬ࡍࡿࠋ
ࣞࢹ࢕࣭ࣂ࢘ࣥࢸ࢕
ጞࡵࡿࠋࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡣࡇࡢᗑ࡛㸪ᐑᘐ࡟ฟධࡾ
ࣇࣝࡣࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࢆ㏣࠸ᡶ࠺ࡓࡵ࡟ࢡࣟࣇࢶ࡜
ࡍࡿ㧗㱋ࡢᨻ἞ᐙࢆ⤂௓ࡉࢀ㸪ࡇࡢ⪁ேࡢᒇᩜ࡟
ࡢ⤖፧ࢆᙉࡃ່ࡵࡿࡀ㸪ࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ⮬
ዊබࡉࡏ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࡀ㸪⪁ேࡣࢩ࣮ࣕ
ศࢆࣞ࢖ࣉࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡋࡓ⏨࡜⤖፧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡞࡝⪃
ࣟࢵࢺ࡜஧ேࡁࡾ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ᙼዪࡢయ࡟ゐࡾ㸪጖࡟
22
ෆ⏣ ຾
࡞ࢀ࡜ゝ࠸ฟࡍࠋ⪁ᨻ἞ᐙࡢ⏦ࡋฟࢆ᩿ࡗࡓ
ࡓᮏࡣࠗᩍ༊Ꮩඣ࡛࠘ࡍࡀ㸪ࡇࢀࡣ࡞࠿࡞࠿㠃ⓑ
ࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡣ㸪
࿘ᅖ࠿ࡽ෭㐝ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾ㸪
ࡃ࡚㸪୍Ẽ࡟ㄞࡳ⤊࠼ࡿࡲ࡛Ṇࡵࡽࢀࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋ
ࡉࡽ࡟ୗᐟࡢ࣓࢖ࢻ࡟඲㈈⏘ࢆᣢࡕ㏨ࡆࡉࢀ࡚ࡋ
ࡓࠖ
㸦Montagu 363㸧
ࠋ3ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘
ࡲ࠺ࠋ⏕ࡁࡿࡓࡵ࡟᭹ᆅᒇࡢዪᛶࡸୗᐟࡢዪᑗ࡟
ࡣ㸪ፗᴦసရ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟ඃ⚽࡞ᑠㄝ࡞ࡢࡔࠋ
೉㔠ࢆ㔜ࡡࡓࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡣ㸪ࡘ࠸࡟㔠ࢆ㏉ࡏ࡞
ࡶࡕࢁࢇ㸪ࡇࡢᑠㄝ඲య࡟⁻࠺஧␒↦ࡌឤࡣྰ
ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚㐊ᤕࡉࢀ㸪മົ⪅┘⊹࡟ධࢀࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜
ࡵ࡞࠸ࠋ⏨ᛶࡢ㌟຾ᡭ࡞ḧᮃ࡜ᭀຊ࡟⩻ᘝࡉࢀࡘ
࡟࡞ࡿࠋ
ዪᛶࡓࡕࡣ⪁ᨻ἞ᐙ࡜ࢢࣝ࡟࡞ࡾ㸪
ࢩ࣮ࣕ
ࡘࡶ⮬ࡽࡢᑛཝࢆᏲࢁ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚㜚࠺ⱝ࠸ዪᛶࢆ୺
ࣟࢵࢺࢆ⤒῭ⓗ࡟㏣࠸ワࡵ࡚⪁ᨻ἞ᐙࡢゝ࠸࡞ࡾ
ேබ࡟ᤣ࠼ࡓࡢࡣ㸪ᙜ᫬ࡢ኱సᐙࢧ࣑࢚࣭ࣗࣝࣜ
࡟ࡉࡏࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡔࠋ࣓࢖ࢻࡀࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵ
ࢳ࣮ࣕࢻࢯࣥࡢࠗࣃ࣑ࣛ࠘ࡸࠗࢡࣛࣜࢵࢧ࠘ࢆ┿
ࢺࡢ㈈⏘ࢆ┐ࢇࡔࡢࡶᙼዪࡓࡕࡢᣦ♧ࡔࡗࡓࠋࡋ
ఝࡓࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ୺ேබࡀ㦄ࡉࢀ୍࡚᫬ⓗ࡟፛ᐙ࡛
࠿ࡋᢞ⊹ࡢ๓࡟ධࢀࡽࢀࡓ␃⨨ᡤ࡟㸪࣮࣡ࢪ࣮ኵ
ᬽࡽࡍࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺タᐃࡶࠗࢡࣛࣜࢵࢧ࠘࠿
ேࡢጜࡀ㐵ࢃࡋࡓᐙᨻ፬㛗ࡀ⌧ࢃࢀ࡚ࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵ
ࡽࡢ೉ࡾ≀ࡔࠋࡑࡇ࡟ࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢹ࢕ࣥࢢࡢࠗࢺ࣒࣭
ࢺࢆᩆ࠺ࠋ࣮࣡ࢪ࣮ኵேࡢጜࡢᒇᩜ࡛㞠ࢃࢀ࡚ᩘ
ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘ࢆᛮࢃࡏࡿ㈗✀ὶ㞳㆓ࡢせ⣲ࢆ⤌ࡳ
ᖺࢆ㐣ࡈࡋࡓᙼዪࡣ㸪ࡑࡇ࡛അ↛㸪∗ࡢࣟࣂ࣮ࢺ࣭
ྜࢃࡏ㸪ࡸࡣࡾࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘࠿ࡽ୺ேබ
ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ኱ᑚ࡜෌఍ࢆᯝࡓࡍࠋࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡢ∗
ࡀᢞ⊹ࡉࢀࡿ࢚ࣆࢯ࣮ࢻࢆΰࡐ㎸ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋᑠㄝ
ࣟࣂ࣮ࢺࡣ㸪ጔ࡜ፉࢆᤞ࡚࡚ጼࢆᾘࡋࡓᚋ㸪ഇྡ
ࡢᵓᡂࡶࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢹ࢕ࣥࢢసရࢆ┿ఝࡓࡶࡢ࡛㸪
ࢆ౑ࡗ࡚ᮾ࢖ࣥࢻ఍♫ࡢ㌷ே࡜࡞ࡾ㸪࢖ࣥࢻ࡛኱
ྛ㒊㸦book㸧ࡢ᭱ึࡢ❶ࡣࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘
ඈࡅࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋᖐᅜࡋࡓࣟࣂ࣮ࢺࡣࡍࡗ࠿ࡾ᜼࠸
࡜ྠᵝ࡟㸪స⪅ࡀㄞ⪅࡟┤᥋ㄒࡾ࠿ࡅ࡚๰సㄽࢆ
ᨵࡵ࡚ጔ࡜ፉࢆ᥈ࡍࡀ㸪ጔࡀṚࢇࡔࡇ࡜ࢆ▱ࡾ㸪
ࡪࡘ㝶➹ⓗ࡞ᩥ❶࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡏࡵ࡚ፉࡢࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࡟ൾ࠸ࢆࡋࡼ࠺࡜ᙼዪࢆ
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡢ༏ྡస⪅ࡣ㸪⮬
᥈ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡔࠋࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡣ⿱⚟࡞⤀ኈࡢፉ
ศࡢᑠㄝࡀࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢹ࢕ࣥࢢసရࡢ஧␒↦ࡌ࡛࠶
࡜࠸࠺ᆅ఩ࢆᡭ࡟ධࢀࡓࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࣟࣂ࣮ࢺ
ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ㸪㞃ࡍ࡝ࡇࢁ࠿✚ᴟⓗ࡟ㄆࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᙼ
ࡢ඗ࡢᏊ∖ࡀஸࡃ࡞ࢀࡤ㸪Ꮚ∖ࡢ⛠ྕ࡜㡿ᆅࡣࣟ
ࡲࡓࡣᙼዪࡣ㸪ࡇࡢᑠㄝࡢᗎᩥ࡛ࡇ࠺ㄒࡿࠋ
ࠕㄞ⪅
ࣂ࣮ࢺࡀ⥅ࡂ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ᙼࡢṚᚋࡣፉࡢࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵ
ࡢࡳ࡞ࡉࢇ࡟ࡐࡦ▱ࡗ࡚࠾࠸࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ࡢ࡛
ࢺࡀ⥅ࡄࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋᙼዪࡀྡᐙࡢፉ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜᫂
ࡍࡀ㸪⚾ࡣࢪ࣮ࣙࢮࣇ࣭࢔ࣥࢻ࣮ࣝࢬࡸࢺ࣒࣭
ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗࡓ௒㸪ࣞࢹ࢕࣭ࣂ࢘ࣥࢸ࢕ࣇࣝࡀᜥᏊ
ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬࡢఏグࢆ᭩࠸ࡓ࠶ࡢ᭷ྡ࡞࠾᪉ࡢ㸪リ
ࡢࢧ࣮࣭ࢺ࣐ࢫ࡜ࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࡜ࡢ⤖፧࡟཯ᑐࡍ
ⓗ࡞ព࿡࡛ࡢ➨୍Ꮚ࡛ࡍࠋṇᎠࡢᏊࡔ࡜ࡣ⏦ࡋࡲ
ࡿ⌮⏤ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡣᬕࢀ࡚ឡࡋ࠸
ࡏࢇࠋ⚾ࡣ࠶ࡢទᛌ࡞⤀ኈࡢ⚾⏕ඣࡔ࡜࠸࠺ᰤ㄃
ࢧ࣮࣭ࢺ࣐ࢫ࡜⤖፧ࡋ㸪࢙࣮࢘ࣝࢬࡢᒇᩜ୍࡛⏕
࡟‶㊊ࡍ࡭ࡁ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠖ
㸦History 1: 3㸧
ࠋ
ࠗࢪ࣮ࣙࢮ
ᖾ⚟࡟ᬽࡽࡋࡓࡢࡔࡗࡓࠋ
ࣇ࣭࢔ࣥࢻ࣮ࣝࢬ࠘
㸦The History of the Adventures of
Joseph Andrews and of His Friend Mr. Abraham Adams,
௨ୖࡢ᱾ᴫ࠿ࡽศ࠿ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪Ỵࡋ࡚⊂๰ⓗ࡛
1742㸧࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ࣮࣭࣊ࣥࣜࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢹ࢕ࣥࢢࡢ
ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀἼ஘୓୔ࡢ➽❧࡚ࢆᣢࡕ㸪ಶᛶⓗ࡞࢟ࣕ
ࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡢ௦⾲స࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢస⪅ࡣ㸪⮬ศࡀ
ࣛࢡࢱ࣮ࡀ㇏ᐩ࡞ࡇࡢᑠㄝࡣ㸪BBC ࠶ࡓࡾ࡛ᫎീ
ࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢹ࢕ࣥࢢࡢᩥᏛୖࡢ⚾⏕ඣࡔ࡜ゝ࠸ᙇࡿ
໬ࡍࢀࡤⰋ㉁࡞ࢥࢫࢳ࣮࣒࣭ࣗࢻ࣐ࣛ࡟࡞ࡾࡑ࠺
ࡢࡔࠋᐇࡣࠕࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬࠖ࡜࠸࠺ྡ
࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ᐇ㝿⚾࡟࡜ࡗ࡚㸪
᪥ࠎࡢ㏻໅㟁㌴࡛ࢫ࣐࣮
๓ࡶ㸪ࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢹ࢕ࣥࢢࡢጔࡢྡ࡟ࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙ
ࢺࣇ࢛ࣥ⏝ࡢ PDF ࣇ࢓࢖ࣝ㜀ぴ࢔ࣉࣜ࡟ධࢀࡓ
ࣥࢬ࠘ࡢ୺ேබࢺ࣒㸦Tom㸧ࡢᐇࡢ∗ࡢጣࢆ⤌ࡳ
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࢆᑡࡋࡎࡘㄞࡳ㐍ࡵ
ྜࢃࡏࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦Moore 759㸧ࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼
ࡿࡢࡣ㸪ࡲࡿ࡛ฟ᮶ࡢⰋ࠸㐃⥆ࢻ࣐ࣛࢆぢ࡚࠸ࡿ
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡣ㸪ࡶࡗࡥࡽࠗࢺ࣒࣭
ࡼ࠺࡞ᴦࡋ࠸⤒㦂ࡔࡗࡓࠋ18 ୡ⣖ࡢᩥ➹ᐙ࣓࢔
ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘ࡢேẼ࡟ᙜ࡚㎸ࢇࡔฟ᮶ࡢᝏ࠸ᶍೌ
࣮࣭࣮ࣜ࣡ࢺ࣮࣭ࣜࣔࣥࢱࢠ࣮ࣗ㸦Lady Mary
సࡢ୍ࡘࡋ࡚ᢅࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ࣌ࣥࢠࣥ∧ࠗࢺ࣒࣭
Wortley Montagu, 1689̽1762㸧ࡀ㸪ፉ࡬ࡢᡭ⣬࡛ࡇ
ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘ࡢᗎᩥ࡛ࡣ㸪ⱥᩥᏛ◊✲⪅ࡢࢺ࣐ࢫ࣭
࠺ホ౯ࡋࡓࡢࡶ࠺࡞ࡎࡅࡿࠋ
ࠕḟ࡟⚾ࡀᡭࢆఙࡤࡋ
࣮࣐࣮࢟㸦Thomas Keymer㸧ࡀ㸪
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬࡢ≀ㄒ࠘̿̿ࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘࡜
ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢸ࢕࠘࡜ࢆࡘ࡞ࡄᛀࢀࡽࢀࡓᑠㄝ
23
ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡢస⪅ࡀ⮬ศࡢࡇ࡜ࢆࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢹ࢕ࣥ
୍ゝࡔࡗ࡚グ᠈ࡀ࡞ࡃࡗ࡚ࡼ㸪ᮏᙜࡢ࡜ࡇࢁࠋ
ࢢࡢᩥᏛⓗ࡞⏕ࡁ෗ࡋࡢᏊ࡝ࡶࡔ࡜୺ᙇࡍࡿࡢࡣ㸪
̿̿ࡔ࠿ࡽࡑࢀࢆ㸪ዟࡉࡲ㸪ዟࡉࡲࡢ㈐௵ࡔ࡜
ࠕ⮬ࡽࡢᩥయࡀ♧ࡍドᣐ࡟㦫ࡃ࡯࡝↓㡻╔ࠖࡔ࡜
⏦ࡍࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࡑࡢ⨩࡜ࡋ࡚㸪௒ࡍࡄ㸪࡜
㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Fielding㸧
ࠋ
࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࡇࡢḟࡢᩥ❶ࡢษࢀ┠ࡢ࡜ࡇࢁ࡟㎺
☜࠿࡟ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡢ᫬࡟෕㛗
ࡾ╔ࡁḟ➨㸪ࡶ࠺୍ᗘ๓ࡢ❶࡟ࡶ࡝ࡗ࡚㸪༑஑
࡛ᩓₔ࡞ᩥ❶ࡣ㸪ࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢹ࢕ࣥࢢࡢᩥ❶࡟ࡣ㐲
❶඲యࢆㄞࡳ㏉ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࠋ
㸦ࢫࢱ࣮ࣥ
ࡃཬࡤ࡞࠸ࠋ
ࡋ࠿ࡋࡇࡢᑠㄝ࡟ࡣ㸪
ࡶ࡜ࡶ࡜ࣇ࢕࣮
㹙ୖ㹛; Sterne; vol. 1, ch. 20㸧
ࣝࢹ࢕ࣥࢢࡢࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘࡟࠶ࡗࡓせ⣲
ࢆᘬࡁ⥅ࡂ࡞ࡀࡽࡶ㸪
ࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘௨ୖ࡟
ᩥ❶ࡢㄒࡾᡭࡀㄞ⪅࡟㸪࠺ࡗ࠿ࡾࡋ࡚ㄞࡳ㣕ࡤࡋ
ᐇ㦂ⓗ࡛㸪ࡴࡋࢁࢫࢱ࣮ࣥࡢࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕ
ࡓ⟠ᡤࢆࡶ࠺୍ᗘㄞࡳ┤ࡏ࡜࿨ࡌࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪ᬑ㏻
ࣥࢹ࢕࠘ࢆඛྲྀࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ≉Ⰽࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࡍ
ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢᮏࡣ≀ㄒࡢ୰ࡢୡ⏺ࢆᥥࡃࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ
࡞ࢃࡕ㸪≀ㄒࡀ࠶ࡓ࠿ࡶ⌧ᐇ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡢࡼ࠺࡟᣺
㣬ࡁ㊊ࡽࡎ㸪⮬ࡽࡀㄞࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⌧ሙࡲ࡛ᥥࡁฟ
ࡿ⯙࠺័⩦ࢆ◚ࡗ࡚㸪స⪅ࡸㄒࡾᡭࡀ⮬ศࡢ≀ㄒ
ࡋ㸪᫬࡟ࡣ⮬ศࡢㄞࡲࢀ᪉࡟ὀᩥࢆࡘࡅࡿࡢࡔࠋ
ࡣ⹫ᵓࡢసࡾ≀࡟ࡍࡂࡎ㸪ㄞ⪅࡟ㄞࢇ࡛ࡶࡽࡗ࡚
࡝ࢇ࡞ᮏ࡛ࡶ㸪ⴭ⪅ࡀⱞᚰࡋ࡚᭩ࡁ㸪ฟ∧ࡉࢀ
ึࡵ࡚Ꮡᅾ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜࡟⮬ࡽゝཬࡋ㸪≀ㄒࡢෆഃ
࡚ὶ㏻ࡋ㸪ㄞ⪅࡟ㄞࢇ࡛ࡶࡽࡗ࡚ึࡵ࡚ヰࡢ୰㌟
ࡢ⹫ᵓෆୡ⏺࡜㸪≀ㄒࢆㄞࡴㄞ⪅ࡀᬽࡽࡍእ㒊ࡢ
ࡀ❧ࡕ⌧ࢀࡿࡢࡔࡀ㸪ᬑ㏻ࡢᮏࡣࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ஦ᐇ࡟
⌧ᐇ࡜ࡢቃ┠ࢆពᅗⓗ࡟ΰ஘ࡉࡏࡿ㸪࣓ࢱࣇ࢕ࢡ
⮬ࡽゝཬࡋࡓࡾࡣࡋ࡞࠸ࠋㄞ⪅࡟௒ㄞࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
ࢩࣙࣥⓗ࡞⮬ᕫゝཬᛶ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡇ࡜࡞࡝▱ࡽ࡞࠸࠿ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪ᮏ᮶ㄒࡿ࡭ࡁࡇ࡜
ࡔࡅࢆㄒࡾ⥆ࡅࡿࠋ⮬ศࡀⴭ⪅࡟ࡼࡗ࡚᭩࠿ࢀ㸪
熉熄
˧΍ιϒσΙΞϑ΋δϒΐ˨͆刻⹂婑␛へ
᭩⡠㈍኎ᴗ⏺ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ὶ㏻ࡋ㸪ࡇࡢ▐㛫࡟ㄞ⪅࡟
ㄞࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺஦ᐇࡣ㸪ᮏ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣࠕవィ
࡞ࡇ࡜ࠖ
࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
⹫ᵓࡢ≀ㄒࡀ᭩࠿ࢀࡓᮏࡢሙྜ㸪
࣓ࢱࣇ࢕ࢡࢩࣙࣥⓗ࡞⮬ᕫゝཬᛶࢆ㢧ⴭ࡟♧ࡍ
᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿෆᐜࡣࡶࡕࢁࢇბ࡞ࡢࡔࡀ㸪స⪅ࡶ
18 ୡ⣖࢖ࢠࣜࢫᑠㄝ࡜࠸࠼ࡤࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛ
ㄞ⪅ࡶࡑࢀࡀ࠶ࡓ࠿ࡶᮏᙜ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡢࡼ࠺࡞᣺ࡾ
ࢩࣕࣥࢹ࢕࠘
㸦1759–67㸧ࡀ᭷ྡ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪◊✲⪅ࡀ
ࢆࡋ࡚᭩ࡁ㸪ㄞࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ஦ᐇࡶࡲࡓࠕవ
ࡼࡃᘬ⏝ࡍࡿࡢࡣ㸪ࡇࡢᑠㄝࡢㄒࡾᡭ࡛࠶ࡿ⤀ኈ
ィ࡞ࡇ࡜ࠖࡔࠋ
ࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࢕㸦Tristram Shandy㸧ࡀ
ࡋ࠿ࡋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࠕవィ࡞ࡇ࡜ࠖࡲ࡛⮬ࡽㄒࡗ࡚
ㄞ⪅࡜┤᥋ゝⴥࢆ஺ࢃࡍ㸪ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ሙ㠃ࡔࠋ
ࡋࡲ࠺ᮏࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡀ⹫ᵓసရ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸪⌧௦
ࡢᢈホ⏝ㄒ࡛ࡣ
ࠕ࣓ࢱࣇ࢕ࢡࢩࣙࣥࠖ
㸦metafiction㸧
̿̿࡝࠺ࡋ࡚ࡲ࠶ዟࡉࡲ㸪࠶࡞ࡓࡣࡍࡄ๓ࡢ❶
࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿࠋ
ࠕ࣓ࢱࣇ࢕ࢡࢩࣙࣥࠖ࡜࠸࠺⏝ㄒࡀ౑
ࢆࡑࢇ࡞࡟࠺ࢃࡢ✵࡛ㄞࢇ࡛࠸ࡽࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ㸽
ࢃࢀࡿ௨๓ࡢ 1952 ᖺ࡟ᩥᏛ◊✲⪅ࡢ࢙࢘࢖࣭ࣥ
⚾ࡢẕࡣ࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢡᩍᚐ࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜㸪⏦ୖ
C࣭ࣈ࣮ࢫ㸦Wayne C. Booth㸧ࡀᣦ᦬ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸪
ࡆࡓ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ࠿ࠋ̿̿࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢡᩍᚐ࡛
ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࠕవィ࡞ࡇ࡜ࠖࡲ࡛ㄒࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ᮏࡣ㸪
ࡍࡗ࡚㸟 ࡑࢇ࡞ࡇ࡜ࡣ࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡽ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ
ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࢕࠘ࡼࡾࡎࡗ࡜௨๓࠿
ࢃ㸟̿̿ኻ♩࡛ࡍࡀዟᵝ㸪ࡶ࠺୍ᗘࡣࡗࡁࡾ⏦
ࡽᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㸦Booth, “Self-Conscious”㸧
ࠋᩥⱁᢈ
ୖࡆࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡣࡑࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ㸪ࡍࡃ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶࡑࡇ
ホᐙࡢబࠎᮌᩔࡶࠕ࣓ࢱࣇ࢕ࢡࢩࣙࣥ࡜࿧ࡤࢀᚓ
ࡢゝⴥ࠿ࡽ┤᥋᥎ᐃ࡛ࡁࡿ⛬ᗘ࡟ࡣࡣࡗࡁࡾ࡜㸪 ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࣇ࢕ࢡࢩࣙࣥࡣ㹙͐㹛ࣇ࢕ࢡࢩࣙࣥࡢㄌ
⏦ୖࡆ࡚࠾࠸ࡓࡣࡎ࡛ࡍࠋ̿̿ࡑࢀࡌࡷ⚾㸪୍
⏕࡜ྠ᫬ᮇ࡟ࡲ࡛㐳ࡗ࡚ぢฟࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࡔ
࣮࣌ࢪ࡯࡝ᢤ࠿ࡋ࡚ㄞࢇࡔࡢ࠿▱ࡽ㸽̿̿࠸࠸
ࢁ࠺ࠖ࡜㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿ㸦బࠎᮌ 30㸧
ࠋ
࠼ዟࡉࡲ㸪୍ㄒࡔࡗ࡚ᢤ࠿ࡋ࡚࡞ࢇ࠿࠸ࡽࡗ
ࣈ࣮ࢫࡣࠕవィ࡞ࡇ࡜ࠖࡲ࡛ㄒࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ㄒࡾ
ࡋࡷ࠸ࡲࡏࢇࠋ
̿̿ࡌࡷ╀ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࢇࡔࢃ㸪
ࡁࡗ
ᡭࡢࡇ࡜ࢆࠕ⮬ព㆑ⓗ࡞ㄒࡾᡭࠖ㸦self-conscious
࡜ࠋ̿̿ࡑࢇ࡞㏨ࡆཱྀୖࡣዟࡉࡲ㸪⚾ࡢ⮬ᑛᚰ
narrators㸧࡜࿧ࡧ㸪ㄒࡾᡭࡀ⮬ࡽࡢㄒࡿ≀ㄒࡀ᭩࠿
ࡀࡺࡿࡏࡲࡏࢇࠋ
̿̿ࡑࢀࡌࡷ㸪
ࡑࢇ࡞ࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪
ࢀࡓࡾㄞࡲࢀࡓࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⌧ሙࡲ࡛ᥥ࠸࡚ࡋࡲ࠺
24
ෆ⏣ ຾
⾜Ⅽࡢࡇ࡜ࢆࠕ௓ධࠖ
㸦intrusion㸧࡜࿧ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋ
ᙼࡣࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ௓ධࢆ⾜࡞࠺⮬ព㆑ⓗ࡞ㄒࡾᡭࡢ⣔
స⪅ࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢹ࢕ࣥࢢࡣ㸪
ࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘
㆕ࢆ㸪࣑ࢤ࣭ࣝࢹ࣭ࢭࣝࣂࣥࢸࢫ㸦Miguel de
ྛ❶ࡢࢱ࢖ࢺࣝ࡟ࡶ࣓ࢱࣇ࢕ࢡࢩࣙࣥⓗ࡞෕ㄯࢆ
Cervantes Saavedra㸧ࡢࠗࢻ࣭࣮ࣥ࢟࣍ࢸ࠘㸦El
௙㎸ࢇ࡛࠾ࡾ㸪≀ㄒࡢෆᐜ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ≀ㄒࡢእഃ࡟
ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha, 1605–15㸧
ゝཬࡋࡓ❶ࢱ࢖ࢺࣝࢆࡋࡤࡋࡤ௜ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡓ࡜
࠿ࡽ㸪ࢪࣙࢼࢧ࣭ࣥࢫ࢘࢕ࣇࢺ㸦Jonathan Swift,
࠼ࡤࡇࢇ࡞ලྜࡔࠋ
ࠕᮏ❶ࡢෆᐜࡣ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣㄞ⪅ࡢ
1667̽1745㸧ࡢࠗᱩ≀ㄒ࠘
㸦A Tale of a Tub, 1704㸧ࡸ
ண᝿ࡉࡿࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ࡞ࡽࢇ࠿ࠖ
㸦bk. 1, ch. 12㸧
㸪
ࠕ཰ࡵ
ࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢹ࢕ࣥࢢࡢࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘ࢆ⤒࡚
ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ඲ࡃࢮࣟࠖ
㸦bk. 3, ch.
ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࢕࠘
ࡲ࡛ࡓ࡝ࡗ࡚⾜ࡃࠋ
1㸧
㸪
ࠕᮏ❶࡟ࡣస⪅⮬㌟⯙ྎ࡟Ⓩሙࡍࡿࠖ
㸦bk. 3, ch.
ࡑࡢ㐣⛬࡛ᙼࡣ㸪᫬௦ⓗ࡟ࡣࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘
7㸧
㸪
ࠕᮏᕳ᭱▷ࡢ❶ࠖ
㸦bk. 4, ch. 7㸧
ࠋⱥᩥᏛ◊✲⪅
࡜ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࢕࠘ࡢ㛫ࢆᇙࡵࡿ
ࡢ࣐࣮ࢡ࣭ࣈࣛࢵࢡ࢙࢘ࣝ㸦Mark Blackwell㸧ࡣ㸪
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘࡞࡝ࡢ 1750 ᖺ௦ᑠㄝ
ࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘࡟࠾ࡅࡿࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ❶ࢱ࢖ࢺ
ࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࠋ
ࣝࡢ㐟ࡧ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡇ࠺㏙࡭ࡿࠋ
ࠕ௒⮬ศࡀ୧ᡭ࡛
ࡲࡎࡣࣈ࣮ࢫࡸ௚ࡢ◊✲⪅ࡓࡕࡀᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸪
ᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ≀ㄒᮏࡢ≀㉁ⓗ࡞ᇶ┙㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ≀ㄒ
ࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘ࡢ࣓ࢱࣇ࢕ࢡࢩࣙࣥᛶ࡟ࡘ
ࡀ༳ๅࡉࢀࡓ⣬ࢆᛮ࠸ฟࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ࣇ࢕࣮ࣝ
࠸࡚ᩚ⌮ࡋ࡚࠾ࡇ࠺ࠋࡇࡢᑠㄝࡣ 18 ࡢ㒊㸦book㸧
ࢹ࢕ࣥࢢࡣㄞ⪅ࢆ≀ㄒ࠿ࡽᘬࡁ㞳ࡋ㸪ᮏࡀࡑࡢ୰
࠿ࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ྛ㒊ࡢ᭱ึࡢ❶ࡣస⪅ࡀ
࡟ྵࢇ࡛࠸ࡿฟ᮶஦ࡘࡲࡾ᝿ീୖࡢ᫬㛫࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪
ㄞ⪅࡟┤᥋ㄒࡾ࠿ࡅࡿ࢚ࢵࢭ࢖㢼ࡢᩥ❶࡟࡞ࡗ࡚
ᮏ⮬యࢆぢࡿࡇ࡜ࢆಁࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࠖ
㸦Blackwell
࠾ࡾ㸪ࡑࡇ࡛స⪅ࡣᑠㄝࢆ᭩ࡃࡇ࡜୍⯡࡟ࡘ࠸࡚
236㸧
ࠋ
ㄒࡗࡓࡾ㸪୺ேබࡢࢺ࣒ࢆࡵࡄࡿ≀ㄒ࡟ࢥ࣓ࣥࢺ
≀ㄒࡢᮏ㢟࠿ࡽ⬺⥺ࡋ࡚㸪≀ㄒࡢᩥ❶ࡀ᭩࠿ࢀ
ࢆຍ࠼ࡓࡾࡍࡿࠋ⌧௦ࡢ୍⯡ⓗ࡞ᑠㄝࡸᫎ⏬࡛࠶
ࡓࡾㄞࡲࢀࡓࡾࡍࡿሙ࡟㛵ࡍࡿࠕవィ࡞ࡇ࡜ࠖࢆ
ࢀࡤ㸪సᐙࡸ┘╩ࡀ⮬స࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄒࡿ࢚ࢵࢭ࢖ࡸ
ㄒࡿ⮬ᕫゝཬᛶࡀ୚࠼ࡿຠᯝࡢ୍ࡘࡣ㸪ࡑ࠺ࡍࡿ
࢖ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗグ஦࡜ࡋู࡚ࡢሙᡤ࡟Ⓨ⾲ࡉࢀࡿࡶ
ࡇ࡜࡛ࡲࡿ࡛㸪ᩥ❶ࢆ᭩࠸࡚࠸ࡿస⪅ࡀ┠ࡢ๓࡟
ࡢࡀ㸪ࡇࡢᑠㄝ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡽ࠿ࡌࡵసရෆ㒊࡟᭩ࡁ㎸
❧ࡕ⌧ࢃࢀࡓ࠿ࡢࡼ࠺࡞㘒ぬࢆㄞ⪅࡟୚࠼㸪࠶ࡓ
ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅࡔࠋᮏ᮶࡞ࡽᑠㄝࡢእ㒊࡟࠶ࡿ࡭
࠿ࡶస⪅࡜ㄞ⪅࡜ࡢ㛫࡟཮᪉ྥⓗ࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮
ࡁࠕవィ࡞ࡇ࡜ࠖࡀ㸪ᑠㄝࡢෆ㒊࡟⤌ࡳ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚
ࢩࣙࣥࡀᡂࡾ❧ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᗁ᝿ࢆ㔊ࡋฟ
࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋྛ㒊ࡢ᭱ึࡢ❶࡟㝈ࡽࡎ㸪ᚲせ࡜
ࡏࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡔࠋ
࠶ࡽࡤస⪅ࡣ࠸ࡘ࡛ࡶ≀ㄒࡢ㏵୰࡛๓㠃࡟ࡋࡷ
ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ௬࡟⚾ࡀࡇࡇ࡛ࠕ⚾ࡀࡇࡢ⟠ᡤࢆ᭩࠸
ࡋࡷࡾฟ࡚㸪ࡇࢇ࡞ࡩ࠺࡟ㄒࡾጞࡵࡿࠋ
࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ⥾ษ๓᪥ࡢ 2015 ᖺ 12 ᭶ 6 ᪥㸦᪥᭙㸧
࡛ࡍࠋᯝࡓࡋ࡚⚾ࡣ㸪ᮇ㝈ࡲ࡛࡟ࡇࡢཎ✏ࢆ௙ୖ
࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ㄞ⪅ㅖྩ㸪ࡇࢀ௨ୖࡈ࠸ࡗࡋࡻ࡟ヰࢆ
ࡆࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿㸽㸦ờ㸧
ࠖ࡜᭩ࡁ㎸
㐍ࡵࡿ๓࡟࠾ࡇ࡜ࢃࡾࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࡢࡀࡼ࠸࡜ᛮ࠺
ࢇࡔ࡜ࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢᩥ❶ࢆㄞࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ࠶࡞ࡓࡣ㸪࿈
ࡀ㸪వࡣࡇࡢ≀ㄒࡢ㏵୰࡛㸪ᚲせ࡜ᛮ࠺ࡈ࡜࡟
ࢀ࡚ࡇࢀ௨ୖㄞࡳ㐍ࡵࡿẼࢆ࡞ࡃࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࠿ࡶ
ఱᗘ࡛ࡶ⬺⥺ࡍࡿࡘࡶࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠸ࡘࡑࢀࡀᚲ
ࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࡋ㸪ࣃࢯࢥࣥࡢ๓࡛⬡ờࢆὶࡋ࡚ⱞ㜚ࡍ
せ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪᝟࡞࠸ᢈホᐙㅖ㈼࡞࡝ࡼࡾ
ࡿ኱Ꮫᩍဨࢆᛮ࠸ᾋ࠿࡭࡚ⱞ➗ࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿ࠿ࡶࡋ
వ⮬㌟ࡢุ᩿ࡢ࡯࠺ࡀṇࡋ࠸ࡢࡔࠋࡔ࠿ࡽࡇࡢ
ࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡶࡋࡶ࠶࡞ࡓࡀⱞ➗ࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿ࡞ࡽ㸪࠶
㝿ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ᢈホᐙㅖẶ࡟㸪ࡼࡅ࠸࡞࠾ࡏࡗ࠿࠸
࡞ࡓࡣ➹⪅࡛࠶ࡿ⚾࡟ᑐࡋ࡚࡯ࢇࡢᑡࡋぶᐦࡉࢆ
ࡣࡍࡿ࡞㸪ྩࡽ࡟࡞ࢇࡢ㛵ಀࡶ࡞࠸ၥ㢟࡟ཱྀฟ
ឤࡌ࡚ࡃࢀࡓࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ
ࠕవィ࡞ࡇ࡜ࠖࢆㄒࡿ⮬
ࡋࡣࡍࡿ࡞㸪࡜ᕼᮃࡋ࡚࠾࠿ࡡࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋᙼ
ᕫゝཬᛶ࡟ࡣ㸪ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ຠᯝࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࡔࠋ
ࡽࡀ⿢ุᐁࢆᣢࡗ࡚௵ࡎࡿࡔࡅࡢᶒጾ࡜࠸࠺ࡶ
ࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘ࡢᣢࡘ⮬ᕫゝཬᛶࡀ㸪స⪅
ࡢࢆᥦ♧ࡏࡠ࠿ࡂࡾ㸪వࡣᙼࡽࡢ⿢ุᶒ࡟ᑐࡋ
࡜ㄞ⪅࡜ࡢ㛫࡟཮᪉ྥࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢᗁ᝿
࡚⏦ࡋ㛤ࡁ࡞࡝ࡣࡏࡠࡘࡶࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
㸦ࣇ࢕࣮ࣝ
ࢆసࡾฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࣈ࣮ࢫࡣࡇ࠺㏙
ࢹ࢕ࣥࢢ 1: 18; Fielding; bk. 1, ch. 2㸧
࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࠕ௬࡟㸪ࢺ࣒ࡢ≀ㄒࢆ↓どࡋ࡚㸪୍ぢ୙
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬࡢ≀ㄒ࠘̿̿ࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘࡜
ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢸ࢕࠘࡜ࢆࡘ࡞ࡄᛀࢀࡽࢀࡓᑠㄝ
25
ᚲせ࡟ᛮ࠼ࡿㄒࡾᡭࡢฟ⌧ࡢࡍ࡭࡚ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ㄞࢇ
ୖ࡟㏙࡭ࡓࡼ࠺࡞⮬ᕫゝཬᛶࢆഛ࠼ࡓࠗࢺ࣒࣭
࡛⾜ࡃ࡜ࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣㄒࡾᡭ࡜ㄞ⪅࡜
ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘࡜ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࢕࠘ࡢ
ࡢ㛫ࡢぶᐦࡉࡀḟ➨࡟῝ࡲࡗ࡚⾜ࡃ࡜࠸࠺㐃⥆ࡋ
㛫࡟ฟ∧ࡉࢀࡓࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘࡞࡝
ࡓ୍ࡘࡢヰࢆⓎぢࡍࡿࠋࡑࢀ⮬య୍✀ࡢࣉࣟࢵࢺ
1750 ᖺ௦ࡢᑠㄝ࡛ࡶ㸪ࡸࡣࡾࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞࣓ࢱࣇ࢕
ࢆᣢࡕ㸪⊂❧ࡋࡓ⤖ᮎࢆᣢࡘ୍ࡘࡢヰࢆࠖ
㸦ࣈ࣮ࢫ
ࢡࢩࣙࣥⓗᐇ㦂ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇࡑࡇ࡟
274; Booth, Rhetoric 216㸧
ࠖ
ࠋ
ࡣࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘ࡢᙳ㡪ࡀⰍ⃰࠸ࡢࡔࡀ㸪
ࢫࢱ࣮ࣥࡢࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࢕࡛࠘ࡣ㸪
ࠕ࠾ࡢࢀࡀࣇ࢕ࢡࢩ࡛ࣙࣥ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ⮬ࡽព㆑ࡋ
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟⮬ᕫゝཬᛶࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚཮᪉ྥࢥ࣑ࣗࢽ
࡚ᡙࢀࡿⅬࡸ㸪≀ㄒࡀᮏᙜ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᗁ᝿
ࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢᗁ᝿ࢆ㔊ࡋฟࡍసᴗࡀ㸪࠸ࡗࡑ࠺㢖
࡟ࢶࢵࢥ࣑ࢆධࢀࡿⅬ࡛㸪
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮
⦾࠿ࡘᚭᗏⓗ࡟⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡇࡢ௳࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪
ࢬ࠘ࡣࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘ࡢ୍ࡘඛࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸
⚾ࡶࡍ࡛࡟ูࡢㄽᩥ࡛ᣦ᦬ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦ෆ⏣,
ࡿࠖ㸦Blackwell 236㸧࡜࠸࠺ぢゎࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ⚾ࡶ
ࠕࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒ࣛࠖ
㸧
ࠋㄒࡾᡭࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒ࣛࡣ㸪ࡶࡣ
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡢ⮬ᕫゝཬᛶࡣ㸪
ࠗࢺ
ࡸ඲⦅ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࠕవィ࡞ࡇ࡜ࠖࡋ࠿ㄒࡗ
࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘
ࡼࡾ
ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࢕࠘
࡚࠸࡞࠸࡜ゝࡗ࡚࠸࠸ࡢࡔࡀ㸪ࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒ࣛࡢ࡜
࡟ࡣࡿ࠿࡟㏆࠸࡜ᛮ࠺ࠋ
ࡵ࡝࡞࠸୚ኴヰ࡟௜ࡁྜࡗ࡚࠸ࡿㄞ⪅ࡣ㸪ḟ➨࡟
ࣈ࣮ࢫࡣࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘࡞࡝ࡢ 1750
ࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒ࣛࡀ⮬ศࡢぶࡋ࠸཭ே࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ࠿ࡢࡼ
ᖺ௦ᑠㄝࡀࠕవィ࡞ࡇ࡜ࠖࢆㄒࡾࡍࡂ࡚࠸ࡿⅬࢆ
࠺࡞Ẽศ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢࡔࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇ㸪ㄒࡾᡭ
ᢈุࡍࡿࠋ
ࠕࡓ࡜࠼㸪୍୐ᅄ஑ᖺ࠿ࡽ୍୐භࠐᖺ࡟
ࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒ࣛࡶస⪅ࢫࢱ࣮ࣥࡶࡑࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ▱ࡗ࡚
ᑠㄝᐙࡢㄡ࠿ࡀ㸪ࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢹ࢕ࣥࢢࡀぢࡏ࡚ࡃࢀ
࠸ࡿࠋ࠶ࡿព࿡࡛ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࢕࠘
ࡓᇽࠎࡓࡿ႐๻ⓗ⾜ືࢆᥥࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ࡜௬ᐃ
࡜࠸࠺సရࢆ㥑ືࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࢆ᫂࠿ࡋ
ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪ᙼࡽࡢከࡃࡣὀព῝ࡃㄪ⠇ࡉࢀࡓࣇ࢕࣮
࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡶゝ࠼ࡿ⟠ᡤࢆᘬ⏝ࡋࡼ࠺ࠋ
ࣝࢹ࢕ࣥࢢࡢ⁥✍ࡉࢆ୙ὀព࡟ࡶከ⏝ࡋ㐣ࡂ࡚㸪
₯ᅾⓗ࡞႐๻ⓗࣉࣟࢵࢺࢆそ࠸㞃ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡇ
ࡔࢇࡔࢇ⚾࡜࠸ࡗࡋࡻ࡟㐍ࢇ࡛ୗࡉࢀࡤ㸪௒஧
࡜࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡇࢀࢆ᭱ࡶⰋࡃ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿసရࡢ୍
ேࡢ㛫࡟ⱆࡤ࠼࠿ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡍ࠿࡞┦㆑ࡢ㛵ಀ
ࡘࡣ㸪
ࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘࠿ࡽ୍ᖺࡶࡓࡓ࡞࠸࠺
ࡣ㸪㐍ࢇ࡛ぶ㏆ឤ࡜࡞ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢࡲࡓぶ㏆ឤࡣ㸪
ࡕ࡟༏ྡ࡛ฟ∧ࡉࢀࡓ
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ㸪
࠶࡞ࡓ࠿⚾ࡀ࡝ࡕࡽ࠿ࡀኻ⟇࡛ࡶ≢ࡉࡠ࠿ࡂࡾ
ࡲࡓࡣᖾ㐠࡞Ꮩඣ࠘࡜࠸࠺సရ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ
㸦ࣈ࣮ࢫ
ࡣ㸪᭱ᚋࡣ཭᝟࡟ࡶ࡞ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ̿̿࠶
284; Booth, Rhetoric 224㸧ࠋࣈ࣮ࢫ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪
࠶㸪ࡑࡢࡍࡤࡽࡋࡁ᪥㸟̿̿ࡑ࠺࡞ࢀࡤࡇࡢ⚾
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡀኻᩋࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⌮⏤
ࡢ㌟࡟ࡍࡇࡋ࡛ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡾࡢ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪ࡶ࡜
ࡣ㸪
ࠕవィ࡞ࡇ࡜ࠖࢆㄒࡾࡍࡂ࡚⫢ᚰࡢᮏ㢟ࡀ࠾ࢁ
ࡼࡾல⣽࡜ࡣᛮࢃࢀࡎ㸪⪺࠸࡚㏥ᒅ࡜ࡶᛮ࠼ࡠ
ࡑ࠿࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ
࠿ࡿࡀᨾ࡟ࢃࡀぶឡ࡞క౶࡞ࡿ཭ࡼ㸪
㹙͐㹛஧ேࡋ࡚ࢯࣟࣜࢯࣟࣜ࡜ࡲ࠸ࡿ㛫࡟㸪⚾
ࡇࡢస⪅ࡣ㸪ᙼࡢࠕࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢹ࢕ࣥࢢ∗ࡉࢇࠖ
࡜࡜ࡶ࡟➗࠾࠺࡜ࡶ㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⚾ࡵࢆ➗࠸ࡢࡓ
ࡢẼ⣮ࢀ࡞㠃ࡔࡅࢆᨾព࡟ᶍೌࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ㸪
ࡡ࡟࡞ࡉࢁ࠺࡜ࡶ㸪せࡍࡿ࡟ఱࢆ࡞ࡉࢀࡼ࠺࡜
ࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢹ࢕ࣥࢢ⮬㌟ࡣ┿๢࡟⪃࠼࡚࠸࡞࠸ᙼ
ࡶ୍ྥ࡟࠿ࡲࢃࡠࡀ̿̿ࡓࡔ▷Ẽࡔࡅࡣ㉳ࡇࡉ
ࡢḟࡢࠕᏛㄝࠖࢆ㸪ࡲࡌࡵ࡟ྲྀࡗࡓࡼ࠺ࡔࠋ
ࠕస
ࡎ࡟࠸࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ
㸦ࢫࢱ࣮ࣥ㹙ୖ㹛;
⪅ࡣ㸪ࡍ࡭࡚ࡢᢈホࡢᶒጾ⪅ࡀఱࢆゝ࠾࠺࡜㸪
Sterne; vol. 1, ch. 6㸧
ዲࡁ࡞᫬㸪ዲࡁ࡞ሙᡤ࡛⬺⥺ࢆࡍࡿ⤯ᑐⓗ࡞ᶒ
฼ࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ᙜᗙࡢヰ㢟࡟㛵ಀࡀ࠶ࢁ࠺ࡀ࡞࠿ࢁ
ࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒ࣛࡢ᭱኱ࡢᙅⅬࡣ㸪ㄞ⪅ࡀ㣬ࡁࡿ࡞ࡾ
࠺ࡀ㸪㢌࡟┿ࡗඛ࡟ᾋ࠿ࢇࡔࡇ࡜ࢆఱ࡛ࡶ᭩࠸
ᛣࡿ࡞ࡾࡋ࡚ㄞࡴࡢࢆṆࡵ࡚ࡋࡲ࠼ࡤ㸪ᙼࡢᏑᅾ
࡚㸪⮬ศ⮬㌟࡜ㄞ⪅ࢆᴦࡋࡲࡏࡿᶒ฼ࡀ࠶ࡿࠖ
ࠋ
⮬యࡀᾘ⁛ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡔ࠿ࡽࡇࡑᙼ
ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࡣゝࢃࡎࡶࡀ࡞㸪ࡇࡢᏛㄝࢆ㏣ồࡍࡿ
ࡣㄞ⪅࡟ࠕ▷Ẽࡔࡅࡣ㉳ࡇࡉࡎ࡟࠸࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ
ࡓࡵ࡟㸪ࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬࡣỴࡋ࡚ᛀࢀࡽࢀࡿ
࠸ࠖ࡜᠓㢪ࡍࡿࡢࡔࠋ
ࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡢ࡟㸪ࡇࡢẼࡢẘ࡞Ꮩඣࡣ㸪ఱ
26
ෆ⏣ ຾
༑࣮࣌ࢪ࡟ࡶΏࡗ࡚ᛀࢀࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࡋࡤࡋࡤ
13; bk. 1, ch. 1㸧
࠶ࡿࠋ႐๻ᑠㄝ࡛࠶ࡿࡣࡎࡢࡶࡢࡀ㸪స⪅ࡢ࠾
࡝ࡅࡓ௓ධࡢࡓࡵ࡟㸪ษࢀษࢀࡢ᩿∦࡟࡞ࡗ࡚
ࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢹ࢕ࣥࢢసရ࡟ࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕ
ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
㸦ࣈ࣮ࢫ 285; Booth, Rhetoric
ࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡢ≉ᚩࡣ㸪ࡇࡢᑠㄝࡀㄞ⪅ࡢ
226㸧
ఱྡ࠿ࢆᑠㄝࡢෆ㒊࡟Ⓩሙࡉࡏ㸪ྎモࡲ࡛୚࠼࡚
࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡔࠋࡇࡢᢏἲࡣࡍ࡛࡟ぢࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸪9 ᖺ
ࣈ࣮ࢫࡣࡑ࠺᭩࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࡀ㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ≀ゝ
ᚋ࡟ห⾜ࡉࢀࡿࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࢕࡛࠘
࠸࡟ࡣ㸪࢖ࢠࣜࢫᩥᏛࡢṇ඾࡜ࡋ࡚ㄆࡵࡽࢀᙉ኱
ࡶ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮
࡞ࣈࣛࣥࢻຊࢆᣢࡘࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘ࡸࠗࢺ
ࢬ࠘ࡢస⪅ࡀ㸪୺ேබࡢᗊㆤ⪅ࣞࢹ࢕࣭ࣂ࢘ࣥࢸ࢕
ࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࢕࠘࡜࠸ࡗࡓసရ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ
ࣇࣝࡢḞⅬ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ᐙ᯶ࡸ⾑➽࡟㐣๫࡟ࡇࡔࢃࡿ
㐣๫࡞ಙ㢗࡜㸪୍㒊ࡢዲ஦ᐙࢆ㝖ࡅࡤㄡ࡟ࡶㄞࡲ
ᛶ᱁ࢆᣦ᦬ࡍࡿሙ㠃ࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ
ࢀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ᛀࢀཤࡽࢀࡓ㸪
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ
࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࢆࡣࡌࡵ࡜ࡍࡿ࠿ࡘ࡚ࡢὶ⾜ᑠㄝ࡬ࡢ೫
ㄞ⪅ࡢࡳ࡞ࡉࢇ࡟ࡐࡦ▱ࡗ࡚࠾࠸࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ
ぢࡀ࡟ࡌࡳฟ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟⚾࡟ࡣᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ௨ୗ
࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀ㸪ࣞࢹ࢕࣭ࣂ࢘ࣥࢸ࢕ࣇࣝࡣ☜࠿࡟
࡟ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘࠿ࡽ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿඾ᆺ
ඃࡋࡃ࡚❧ὴ࡞ே᱁⪅࡛ࡣ࠶ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝㸪
ⓗ࡞࣓ࢱࣇ࢕ࢡࢩࣙࣥⓗሙ㠃ࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆ࡚ࡳࡿࡢ
ḞⅬࡶ࠶ࡗ࡚㸪ࡕࡻࡗ࡜ᅔࡗࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࡀ࠶ࡿே
࡛㸪ࣈ࣮ࢫࡢᢈุࡀᙜࡓࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿㸪ࡇࡢ
࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡔ࠿ࡽ࡜ゝࡗ࡚㸪࠶ࡽ᥈ࡋᒇࡢࢭࣥ
ᩥ❶ࢆㄞࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ࠶࡞ࡓ࡟ุ᩿ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ
ࢯ࣮ࣜ࢔ࢫᎹ㹙Miss Censorious㹛
㸪ኚ࡟Ẽࢆᅇࡋ
ࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘࡜ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥ
࡚ពᆅᝏ࡞᝿ീࢆࡋ࡞࠸࡛ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࡡࠋᙼዪࡢ
ࢹ࢕࠘࡟ඹ㏻ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸪స⪅࡜ㄞ⪅ࡀ୍⥴࡟᪑ࢆ
ḞⅬ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ㸪௒࠶࡞ࡓࡀ᝿ീࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺
ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽぶ஺ࢆ῝ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ㄒࡾ᪉ࡣ㸪
࡞ࡶࡢࡌࡷ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡼࠋᙼዪࡣ࠾௜ࡁࡢ∾ᖌ
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࡛࠘ࡶ㢖⦾࡟⏝࠸ࡽࢀ
࡜࠸࠸௰࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡏࢇࡋ㸪̿̿ࡶࡕ
࡚࠸ࡿࠋᑠㄝࡢ᭱ึࡢ❶࠿ࡽᘬ⏝ࡋ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ
ࢁࢇ࠾௜ࡁࡢ་ᖌ࡜ࡶ̿̿ୡ⏺୰ࡢ࡝ࡢ⏨࡜ࡶ
࡛ࡍࠋᙼዪࡣ㝆ࡗࡓࡤ࠿ࡾࡢ㞷ࡢࡼ࠺࡟⣧₩࡞
ㄞ⪅ࡢࡳ࡞ࡉࢇࢆࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬᎹ࡟
ே࡛㸪
ࡑࡢ⬚࡟࠶ࡩࢀࡿ᝟⇕ࡣ㸪
ୡ㛫୍⯡ࡢேࠎ
ࡈ⤂௓ࡍࡿ๓࡟㸪ࡲࡎࡣᙼዪࡢ཭ேࡓࡕࡢ▱㐝
࡬ࡢឡ᝟࡜㸪ᬑ㐢ⓗ࡞ឿឡ࠿ࡽ⏕ࡌࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡋ
ࢆᚓ࡚࠸ࡓࡔ࠿ࡡࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋỴࡋ࡚࠶࡞ࡓ
࠿࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ
ࠕኻ♩ࡡ㸟 ⚾ࡣᙼዪࡀࡃࡔࡽ࡞
᪉ࡢయ㠃ࢆയࡘࡅࡓࡾࡋ࡞࠸㸪ேရ༝ࡋ࠿ࡽࡠ
࠸⏨ࡓࡕ࡜࡛ࡁ࡚ࡿ࡞ࢇ࡚ᛮࡗ࡚࡞࠸ࢃࡼࠋ࠶
ேࡓࡕ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࡡࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࡳ࡞ࡉࢇ࡟㸪ࡣࡿࡤ
ࢇࡓࡀ࠶ࢇࡲࡾ኱ࡆࡉ࡟ゝ࠺࠿ࡽ㸪ࡼࡗࡱ࡝ࡢ
ࡿ࢙࣮࢘ࣝࢬࡢ࣮࣐࣮࢝ࢮࣥࢩ࣮ࣕࡲ࡛⾜ࡗ࡚
ḞⅬ࡞ࢇࡔࢁ࠺࡞࡜ᛮࡗࡓࡔࡅࡌࡷ࡞࠸ࡢࠋ࡛
࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋᬑ㏻࡟᪑⾜ࢆࡍࢀࡤᩘ᪥
ࡶ࡝࠺ࡋ࡚ࡇࢇ࡞࡟ࡌࡽࡏࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ㸽
࠿࠿ࡿ㛗࠸㊥㞳࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝㸪ࢃࢀࢃࢀస⪅࡟ࡣ
࠸࠸࠿ࡆࢇ࡟ࡑࡢ⪁࠸ࡰࢀࣄࣟ࢖ࣥࡢࡍࡈ࠸Ḟ
ࡘࡡ࡟㸪㍍ࠎ࡜✵ࢆ㥑ࡅࡿ㤿㌴ࡀ୚࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠾
Ⅼ࡜ࡸࡽࢆᩍ࠼࡚ࡼࠋࡲࡗࡓࡃ᝿ീࡶࡘ࠿࡞࠸
ࡾࡲࡍࠋ
ࡇ࠸ࡘࢆ౑࠼ࡤㄞ⪅ࡢࡳ࡞ࡉࢇࡣ㸪
࠶ࡗ
ࡅ࡝㸪ࡇࡇࡲ࡛ᩍ࠼ࡓࡀࡽ࡞࠸ࡗ࡚ࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪ᮏ
࡜࠸࠺㛫࡟㸪ࡇࢀࡼࡾࡎࡗ࡜㐲ࡃ࡟ࡔࡗ࡚ࡸࡍ
ᙜ࡟ࡦ࡝࠸ḞⅬ࡞ࡢࡼࡡࠖ
㸦History 1: 25̽26; bk.
ࡸࡍ࡜⛣ື࡛ࡁࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋస⪅࡜࠸࠺
1, ch. 1㸧4
ࡶࡢ㸪࠶ࡿ✀ࡢ㨱ἲࡢ౑࠸ᡭ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ࡞ࠋࢃࢀ
ࢃࢀࡀ୍ゝࡋࡷ࡭ࢀࡤ࠶ࡽ୙ᛮ㆟㸪ࡳ࡞ࡉࢇࡣ
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘࡟Ⓩሙࡍࡿㄞ⪅ࡣ㸪
௒࠸ࡿ఩⨨࡟␃ࡲࡗࡓࡲࡲ㸪ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡀࡳ࡞ࡉ
ୖࡢᘬ⏝࡛స⪅࡟ᴙ✺࠸࡚࠸ࡿࢭࣥࢯ࣮ࣜ࢔ࢫᎹ
ࢇ࡟᮶࡚࡯ࡋ࠸ሙᡤ࡟㐠ࡧཤࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ
ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋⱥᩥᏛ◊✲⪅ࡢࣟࣂ࣮ࢺ࣭ࣇ࢛࣮
࡯ࡽࡶ࠺㨱ἲࡢຠࡁ┠ࡀ⌧ࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸽
ࢡࣥࣇࣜࢵࢡࡀゝ࠺ࡼ࠺࡟㸪
ࠕ
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ
ࡣ࠸㸪
╔ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ
ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡀ㝆ࡾ❧ࡗࡓࡢࡣ㸪
࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡣ㸪ㄞ⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ゝⴥࢆᕪࡋᣳࡴࡓࡵࡔࡅ
ྂ࠸❧ὴ࡞࠾ᒇᩜࡢ㛛ࡢ๓࡛ࡍࠋ
㸦History 1: 12–
࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ࢟ࣕࣛࢡࢱ࣮࡛࠶ࡩࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠖࡢࡔ
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬࡢ≀ㄒ࠘̿̿ࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘࡜
ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢸ࢕࠘࡜ࢆࡘ࡞ࡄᛀࢀࡽࢀࡓᑠㄝ
27
㸦Folkenflik 54㸧
ࠋᙼࡽࡢ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡣࡓࡔ 1 ᗘࡁࡾ
ࢀ࡚ࡣ኱ኚ࡜㸪⇵ྎࢆᣢࡕཤࢁ࠺࡜ࡋࡲࡍࡀ㸪
ࡋ࠿Ⓩሙࡋ࡞࠸ࠋ᫬࡟ࡣ୍ᗘ࡟ఱேࡶࡢㄞ⪅ࡀⓏ
࠾Ꮉᵝ࡟࿧ࡧṆࡵࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ
ࠕࡡ࠼࣏࣮ࣜ㸪௒ኪ
ሙࡋ㸪୺ேබࡢ⾜ືࢆࡵࡄࡿ㆟ㄽࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓࡾࡍ
ࡣᬬࡃ࡚ࡓࡲࡽ࡞࠸ࢃࠋࡇࡢࡲࡲࡌࡷ࠸ࡘࡲ࡛
ࡿࠋࡑࡢᵝᏊࡣ㸪ࡲࡿ࡛㐃⥆ࢻ࣐ࣛࡢᨺᫎ┤ᚋ࡟
⤒ࡗ࡚ࡶ╀ࢀ࡞࠸࠿ࡽ㸪࠾๓ࡀఱ࠿ㄞࢇ࡛ᐷ࠿
ࢶ࢖ࢵࢱ࣮࡛႐ࠎ࡜ࡋ࡚ឤ᝿ࢆ㏙࡭ྜࡗࡓࡾ௒ᚋ
ࡏ࡚ࡕࡻ࠺ࡔ࠸ࠋ̿̿ୗࡢᐈ㛫࡟⾜ࡗ࡚㸪⚾ࡀ
ࡢᒎ㛤ࢆண᝿ࡋྜࡗࡓࡾࡍࡿど⫈⪅ࡓࡕࢆᛮࢃࡏ
༗ᚋ࡟ㄞࢇ࡛࠸ࡓࠗᩍ༊Ꮩඣ࠘ࡢ➨ 1 ᕳࢆྲྀࡗ
ࡿࠋ⌧௦ࡢࢸࣞࣅࢻ࣐࡛ࣛ࠶ࢀࡤ㸪≀ㄒࡢෆ㒊࡛
࡚ࡁ࡚ࠋࢫࣆࢿࢵࢺࡢୖ࡟⨨࠸ࡓࡣࡎࡔ࠿ࡽࠖ
࠶ࡿࢻ࣐ࣛᮏయ࡜≀ㄒࡢእ㒊࡛࠶ࡿࢶ࢖ࢵࢱ࣮࡛
࣏࣮̿̿ࣜࡣࡑࡢ㏥ᒅ࡞ᮏࢆᣢࡗ࡚ᡠࡗ࡚ࡃࡿ
ࡢ཯㡪࡟ศ࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡀ㸪
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ
࡜㸪࠾Ꮉᵝࡢ࣋ࢵࢻࡢ⬥࡟⭜᥃ࡅࡲࡍࠋ
ࠕࡉ࡚࠾
࣐࣮ࢬ࠘࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ࡝ࡕࡽࡶࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࡢෆ㒊࡟᭩
Ꮉᵝ㸪࡝ࡇ࠿ࡽㄞࡳጞࡵࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ࣮࣌ࢪࡢ㝮
ࡁ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࠋ
ࡣᢡࡗ࡚࠶ࡾࡲࡍ࠿㸽ࠖ
ࠕ㤿㮵ࡡ㸪ࡑࢇ࡞ࡇ࡜ࡋ
➨ 1 㒊➨ 4 ❶ࡢ᭱ᚋ࡛ࡣ㸪స⪅ࡀㄞ⪅࡟┤᥋ࡇ
࡞࠸ࢃࠋ
ᮏࡀ࠸ࡃࡘࡶࡢ❶࡟ศ࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ㸪
࠺ヰࡋ࠿ࡅࡿࠋ
ࠕ⚾ࡣࡶ࠺㸪⚾ࡢྍ៯࡞ᩍ༊Ꮩඣࡀ
࣮࣌ࢪࢆᢡࡗ࡚യࡘࡅࡿࡼ࠺࡞㓶࠸័⩦ࢆ㜵ࡄ
ၿⰋ࡞ౝዪࡢ࣐࣮ࢪ࣮ࣕࣜ࡜୍⥴࡟㤿㌴࡟஌ࡾ㸪
ࡓࡵࡌࡷ࡞࠸ࡢࠋ
ࡑ࠺ࡑ࠺㸪
స⪅ࡀゝࡗ࡚ࡓࢃࠋ
ࣞࢹ࢕࣭ࣂ࢘ࣥࢸ࢕ࣇࣝࡢᒇᩜ࡟ྥ࠿ࡗࡓࡢࢆぢ
☜࠿̿̿➨ 6 ❶ࡢ⤊ࢃࡾࡲ࡛ㄞࢇࡔࡇ࡜ࢆぬ࠼
ᒆࡅࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽ㸪ࡇࡢ࠶ࡓࡾ࡛ㄞ⪅ࡢࡳ࡞ࡉ
࡜࠸࡚ࡃࢀࡗ࡚ࠋ➨ 7 ❶ࢆ㛤࠸࡚㸪᭱ึࡢ࡜ࡇ
ࢇࡣ୍╀ࡾࡋࡓࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ࠾ዲࡁ࡞ᴦࡋࡳ࡟⯆
ࢁࢆ⪺࠿ࡏ࡚ࡕࡻ࠺ࡔ࠸ࠖ
ࠋ
࣏࣮ࣜࡀㄞࡳጞࡵࡲ
ࡌ࡚࠸ࡓࡔ࠸࡚⤖ᵓ࡛ࡍࠋࡓࡔࡋㄞࡴࡢࢆ୰᩿ࡋ
ࡍࠋ
ࠕ➨ 7 ❶̿̿ࢃࢀࡽࡀࣞࢹ࢕࣭ࣇ࢓ࣥࢩࣇࣝ
ࡓࡢࡀ➨ 4 ❶ࡢ⤊ࢃࡾࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡔࡅࡣ㸪ぬ࠼
ࡢࣜࢫࡀṚࢇࡔࡇ࡜࡛㸪ᒇᩜࡢ୰ࡣ࡚ࢇࡸࢃࢇ
࡚࠾࠸࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࡡࠖ
㸦History 1: 66̽67; bk. 1, ch. 4㸧
ࠋ
ࡸࡢ኱ΰ஘ࠋᨺࡗ࡚࠾ࡅࡤ῝้࡞⤖ᯝࢆᣍࡁ࠿
ࡲࡿ࡛బࠎᮌᩔࡀࠕࣃࣛࣇ࢕ࢡࢩࣙࣥࠖ࡜࿧ࡪ✀
ࡡ࡞࠸࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋఀ㐩⏨ࡢࢣ࢔ࣞࢫ
㢮ࡢᑠㄝ㸦బࠎᮌ 214; 222–23㸧
㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ⮬ࡽࡀ
ྩࡀᶵ㌿ࢆ฼࠿ࡏཱྀ࡚࡟ࡋࡓⓗ☜࡞ゝⴥࡀ㸪ࡇ
ࠕㄞࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺஦ᐇ࡟Ẽ࡙࠸
ࡢ᝺๻ࡀᕳࡁ㉳ࡇࡋࡓ኱ᔒࢆ㟼ࡵ࡚ࡃࢀࡓࡢ࡛
࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ஦ᐇࢆᑠㄝ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉࡟⤌ࡳධ
ࡍࠖ̿̿ࠕᚅࡗ࡚㸪ㄞࡳ᪉ࡀ᪩ཱྀ㐣ࡂࡿࢃࡼࠋ
ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࣓ࢱࣇ࢕ࢡࢩࣙࣥసရࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕ
୍ゝࡶព࿡ࡀศ࠿ࢇ࡞࠸ࡋࠋఀ㐩⏨ࡔࡢࣜࢫࡔ
ࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡢస⪅ࡣࠕ࠶࡞ࡓࡣ௒㸪ࡇࡢ
ࡢࣞࢹ࢕࣭ࣇ࢓ࣥࢩࣇࣝࡔࡢࡗ࡚㸪
࠸ࡗࡓ࠸ఱࠋ
ᩥ❶ࢆ㸪ㄞࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺஦ᐇࢆ㸪ࡓࡧࡓࡧㄞ
ࡑࢇ࡞ࡢ୍ᗘࡶฟ࡚ࡇ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡌࡷ࡞࠸ࡢࠋࡲ
⪅࡟ᛮ࠸㉳ࡇࡉࡏࡿࠋ
ࡔࡑࡇࡲ࡛ㄞࢇ࡛࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡢ࠿ࡋࡽࠋࡶ࠺
ୖ࡛ᘬ⏝ࡋࡓ➨ 4 ❶ࡢᮎᑿࡢ┤ᚋ㸪➨ 5 ❶ࡢෑ
ࡕࡻࡗ࡜ᡠࡗ࡚ࡃࢀࡿ㸽 ࡝ࡇ࠿ࡢ❶ࡢ⤊ࢃࡾ
㢌࡛ࡣ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟㐣⃭࡞⮬ᕫゝཬࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࠋ࡞ࡐ
࡛㸪㛫ᢤࡅ࡞స⪅ࡀㄞ⪅࡟㸪ࡕࡻࡗ࡜ᐷ࡚࡚࠸
࠿✺↛ሙ㠃ࡀ㌿᥮ࡋ㸪ᑠㄝࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮
࠸࠿ࡽ㸪࡝ࡇࡲ࡛ㄞࢇࡔ࠿ぬ࠼࡜࠸࡚ࡃࢀ࡜ゝ
ࢬ࠘ࢆㄞࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ㏵୰ࡢ㸪࢔࣭ࣛ࣋ࣛࢹ࢕ࣥࣉࣝ
࠺࡜ࡇࢁࡀ࠶ࡿࢇࡔࡅ࡝ࠖ̿̿ࠕ࠶㸪࠾Ꮉᵝ㸪
㸦Arabella Dimple㸧࡜࠸࠺ⱝ࠸ዪᛶㄞ⪅ࡀ⯙ྎࡢ
࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡍࡡࠖ
㸦History 1: 67̽68; bk. 1,
๓㠃࡟Ⓩሙࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ch. 5㸧
⨾ࡋࡁ࢔࣭ࣛ࣋ࣛࢹ࢕ࣥࣉࣝᎹࡣ㸪
ࡓࡗࡓ௒࣋ࢵ
ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚࣏࣮ࣜࡣᮁㄞࢆ෌㛤ࡋ㸪≀ㄒࡣᮏ⦅࡟ᡠ
ࢻࡢ୰࡟ධࡗࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࡍࠋ̿̿௒ኪࡣࡓ࠸ࡑ
ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ㠃ⓑ࠸ࡢࡣ㸪ᚋ࡛ᐇ㝿࡟➨ 7 ❶ࡢ
࠺ᬬ࠸ࡢ࡛㸪ⰼဏࡃஎዪࡣࡑࡢయࢆྑ࡟ᕥ࡟ᅇ
ෑ㢌ࢆㄞࡴ࡜㸪ࡑࡇ࡟ࡣࡇࡢሙ㠃࡛࣏࣮ࣜࡀᮁㄞ
ࡋ࡚ࡳ࡚ࡶ㸪࡝࠺࡟ࡶ╀ࢀࡿẼࡀࡋࡲࡏࢇࠋ᥃
ࡋࡓ࡜࠾ࡾࡢᩥ❶ࡀ᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡔ㸦History
ࡅᕸᅋࢆ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝࠾⭡ࡢ࠶ࡓࡾࡲ࡛㊴ࡡࡢࡅࡿ
1: 124; bk. 1, ch.7㸧
ࠋࡕ࡞ࡳ࡟࣌ࢵࢺࡢࣜࢫࡀṚࢇ
࡜㸪ᶓ࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡲࡲ㸪ࡓ࠾ࡸ࠿࡞୧⭎ࡸ㞷ࡢࡼ
ࡔࡇ࡜࡛኱㦁ࡂࡍࡿࣞࢹ࢕࣭ࣇ࢓ࣥࢩࣇࣝ㸦Lady
࠺࡞⬚ࢆ࠶ࡽࢃ࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࣓࢖ࢻࡢ࣏࣮ࣜ
Fanciful㸧ࡸ㸪ᙼዪࢆ៘ࡵࡿఀ㐩⏨ࢣ࢔ࣞࢫ㸦Beau
㹙Polly㹛ࡣ㸪࠿ࡃࡶ⨾ࡋ࠸〄యࡀே┠࡟ࡉࡽࡉ
Careless㸧ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢሙ㠃࡟ࡋ࠿Ⓩሙࡋ࡞࠸➃ᙺ࢟ࣕ
28
ෆ⏣ ຾
ࣛࢡࢱ࣮࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ហ࠿࡞ㄞ⪅ࡓࡕ࡟ྥࡅ࡚ࡓࡲ࡟⓶⫗࡞ࢥ
ⱥᩥᏛ◊✲⪅ࡢࢡࣜࢫࢸ࢕࣮ࢼ࣭ࣛࣉࢺࣥ
࣓ࣥࢺࢆྤ࠿ࡎ࡟ࡣ࠸ࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡢࡔࠖ
㸦Moore 762㸧
ࠋ
㸦Christina Lupton㸧ࡣ㸪
ࠕ⮬ࡽࡢᡂࡾ❧ࡕ࡜ㄞ⪅࡟
☜࠿࡟ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘࡟Ⓩሙࡍࡿㄞ
㛵ࡍࡿ▱㆑ࠖ
㸦Lupton, Knowing x㸧ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᮏ㸪
⪅ࡓࡕࡣ㸪
㍍࡛ⷧ༢⣧࡛㡹ᅛ࡞ேࠎࡤ࠿ࡾ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪
ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ⮬ࡽࡀస⪅ࡢ㔠ඈࡅࡢࡓࡵ࡟᭩࠿ࢀ㸪༳
ᙜ᫬ࡢᑠㄝឡዲᐙࡓࡕࡢ᭱ࡶហ࠿࡞ഃ㠃ࢆㅕ่ⓗ
ๅࡋࡓ⣬ࢆ᮰ࡡ࡚⥛ࡌࡓၟရ࡜ࡋ࡚኎ࡽࢀ㸪ㄞ⪅
࡟ᥥ࠸ࡓᡙ⏬࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᐇ㝿ࡢㄞ⪅ࡣ㸪⮬ศ
࡟㍍࠸ፗᴦ࡜ࡋ࡚ㄞࡲࢀࡿ㐣⛬ࢆព㆑ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿
ࡢ୰࡟࠶ࡿࡑ࠺ࡋࡓហ࠿࡞㒊ศࢆᮏ࡟ぢ㏱࠿ࡉࢀ
ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ㄒࡿࡇࡢ᫬௦ࡢ⮬ᕫゝཬⓗ࡞ᑠㄝ⩌ࢆ㸪
ࡓࡼ࠺࡞Ẽศ࡟࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
ࠕࢃࡅ▱ࡾ㢦ࡢᮏࠖ
㸦knowing books㸧࡜࿧ࢇ࡛࠸
࢔࣭ࣛ࣋ࣛࢹ࢕ࣥࣉࣝᎹࡀ࣓࢖ࢻࡢ࣏࣮ࣜ࡟ᮁ
ࡿࠋ
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡣ㸪ࡶࡕࢁࢇࠕࢃ
ㄞࡉࡏࡓ➨ 5 ❶ࡢ㏵୰࠿ࡽࡣ㸪ᚰඃࡋ࠸㎰ኵࡀᏙ
ࡅ▱ࡾ㢦ࡢᮏࠖࢆ௦⾲ࡍࡿᮏࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦Lupton,
ඣࡢዪࡢᏊࢆᘬࡁྲྀࡗ࡚⫱࡚ࡿᤄヰࠕឿᝒ῝࠸㎰
Knowing 21–35㸧
ࠋࣛࣉࢺࣥࡣୖ࡟ᘬ⏝ࡋࡓ࢔ࣛ࣋
ኵࡢ≀ㄒࠖࡀጞࡲࡿࡀ㸪ࢭࣥࢳ࣓ࣥࢱࣜࢬ࣒࡟ᙬ
࣭ࣛࢹ࢕ࣥࣉࣝᎹ࡜࣓࢖ࢻࡢሙ㠃࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࡇ࠺
ࡽࢀࡓឤືⓗ࡞ᤄヰࡀㄒࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㏵୰࡛㸪✺ዴ
ㄒࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࠕ࠶ࡿព࿡࡛ࡇࡢሙ㠃ࡣ㸪
ࠗࢻ࣭ࣥ࢟
࡜ࡋ࡚ࢹ࢕ࣥࣉࣝᎹ࡜࣏࣮ࣜࡀ෌Ⓩሙࡍࡿࠋ
࣮࣍ࢸ࠘➨ 1 㒊ࡢ᭩≀ࡀ➨ 2 㒊ࡢ⹫ᵓෆୡ⏺࡟Ⓩ
ሙࡍࡿ㝿࡟౑ࢃࢀࡓ✀㢮ࡢ࣮ࣘࣔ࢔ࢆ㸪༢࡟ᘬࡁ
㎰ኵࡣጔࡢᛅ࿌࡟ᚑ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋㄞ⪅ࡢࡳ
⥅࠸࡛࠸ࡿࡔࡅ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡋ࠿ࡋྠ᫬࡟ࡇࡢሙ㠃ࡣ㸪
࡞ࡉࢇ࡟ᛮ࠸ฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ࡢࡣ㸪ࢹ࢕ࣥ
ࢪ࣮ࣙࢡࡢཬࡪ⠊ᅖࢆ࣮࣌ࢪࡢ⾲㠃࡟ࡲ࡛ᗈࡆ࡚
ࣉࣝᎹࡢ࣓࢖ࢻࡢ࣏࣮ࣜࡀ㸪ࡇࡢ㛫ࡎࡗ࡜ᮁㄞ
࠸ࡿࠋ࢔ࣛ࣋ࣛࡣ㸪⮬ศࡀᰭ௦ࢃࡾ࡟࣮࣌ࢪࡢ㝮
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋᙼዪࡀࡇࡇࡲ࡛᮶ࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ
ࢆᢡࡗࡓࡣࡎࡔ࡜᝿ീࡋࡓ࣓࢖ࢻࢆྏࡿࠋࡇࡢ᫬
࡛࠾Ꮉᵝࡢ᪉ࢆぢࡸࡿ࡜㸪ࡍ࡛࡟ࡄࡗࡍࡾᐷ࡚
ㄞ⪅࡟ࡣ㸪⮬ศࡀᡭ࡟ᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭
ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ࠿ࠋ࣏࣮ࣜࡣᑠኌ
ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡢᮏࡀ㸪࠾ࡢࢀࡢᏑᅾࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪࠾
࡛ࡘࡪࡸࡁࡲࡍࠋ
ࠕ࠸ࡗࡓ࠸࠾Ꮉᵝࡣ࡝࠺ࡋ࡚㸪
ࡢࢀࡢ≀⌮ⓗ࡞≧ែࡲ࡛ព㆑ࡋጞࡵࡿࡼ࠺࡟ᛮ࠼
ࡇࢇ࡞࡟⣲ᩛ࡞ᮏࡀㄞࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࢆ⪺࠸࡚
ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠖ
㸦Lupton, Knowing 33㸧
ࠋᙜ᫬ࡢㄞ⪅ࡢ୰
╀ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠼ࡿࡢ࠿ࡋࡽ㸽 ⚾࡞ࡽ⤯ᑐᐷ࡞࠸
࡟ࡣ㸪ࡍ࡛࡟ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡢ࣮࣌
ࡢ࡟ࠋᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶ㸪ࡇࡢ᝟ࡅ῝࠸㎰ኵࡢΎࡽ࠿
ࢪࢆᢡࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡓேࡶ࠸ࡓࡣࡎࡔࠋࡑ࠺࠸
࡞≀ㄒࡀ⤊ࢃࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡲ࡛ࡣࡡࠋ
ࡇࡢ㎰ኵࡗ࡚㸪
࠺ㄞ⪅ࡣ࢔ࣛ࣋ࣛࡀ࣓࢖ࢻࡢ࣏࣮ࣜࢆྏࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ
࡯ࢇ࡜࡟࠸࠸ேࡔࡶࡢࠋ࠾Ꮉᵝࢆ㉳ࡇࡉ࡞࠸ࡼ
ࢆㄞࡳ㸪⮬ศࡀᮏ࡟ྏࡽࢀࡓࡼ࠺࡛㍍࠸⨥ᝏឤࢆ
࠺࡟㸪ࡑࡗ࡜⮬ศࡢ࣋ࢵࢻ࡟ᡠࡗ࡚㸪ᛮ࠺Ꮡศ
ぬ࠼ࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ
⥆ࡁࢆㄞࡴࡇ࡜࡟ࡍࡿࢃࠋ
࡛ࡶࡕࡻࡗ࡜ᚅࡗ࡚ࠋ
ᩥⱁᢈホᐙࡢࢫࢸ࢕࣮ࣦ࣭ࣥࣔ࢔㸦Steven Moore㸧
࡝ࡇࡲ࡛ㄞࢇࡔ࠿ぬ࠼࡚࠾࠿࡞ࡁࡷࠋ࣮࣌ࢪࡢ
ࡣ㸪ྂ௦࢚ࢪࣉࢺࡢ᫬௦࠿ࡽጞࡲࡿ㛗኱࡞ୡ⏺ᑠ
㝮ࢆᢡࡗࡕࡷ㥏┠࡞ࡢࡼࡡࠋࡕࡻ࠺࡝❶ࡢ⤊ࢃ
ㄝྐࡢࢩ࣮ࣜࢬࠗࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡢᑠㄝྐ࠘
㸦The Novel:
ࡾࡔ࠿ࡽぬ࠼ࡸࡍ࠸ࡅ࡝ࠋḟࡣ➨ 6 ❶ࡡࠋࡇ࠺
An Alternative History㸧ࢆ᭩ࡁ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࡢ
ࡋ࡚⿇࡟ࣆࣥࢆ 6 ᮏ␃ࡵ࡚࠾ࡅࡤᛀࢀ࡞࠸ࡋ㸪
ࢩ࣮ࣜࢬࡢ 17–18 ୡ⣖ࡢᑠㄝࢆᢅࡗࡓᕳ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪
࠾Ꮉᵝ࡟イ࠿ࢀ࡚ࡶᛮ࠸ฟࡏࡿࢃࠖ
ࠋ
ㄞ⪅ࡢࡳ࡞
5 ࣮࣌ࢪࢆ๭࠸࡚ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࢆ
ࡉࢇࡶࡼࢁࡋࡅࢀࡤ㸪ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚࠸࠸ࡢ࡛
⤂௓ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Moore 758̽62㸧
ࠋ
ࣔ࢔ࡣࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵ
ࡍࡼࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽࡇࡇ࡛❶ࡀ⤊ࢃࡾࡲࡍ࠿ࡽࠋྍ
ࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡢస⪅ࡢே≀ീࢆ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡟᥎
៯࡞ࢹ࢕ࣥࣉࣝᎹࡣ㸪௒ࡇࡢ᫬ࡶ⇍╧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲ
ࡍࡿࠋ
ࠕ
ࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘ࡢሙྜ࡜ྠᵝ㸪ࢃ
ࡍࠋ
㸦History 1: 85̽86; bk. 1, ch. 5㸧
ࢀࢃࢀࡣ୺ᙺ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃㄒࡾᡭࡇࡑࡀࡇࡢᑠㄝࡢ┿
ࡢ୺ேබࡔ࡜ぢ࡞ࡍࡼ࠺ಁࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢㄒࡾᡭࡣ
ཝᐦ࡟⪃࠼ࢀࡤ㸪࣏࣮ࣜࡀㄞࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢ
⌮▱ⓗ࡛ᩥᏛ࡟㐀ユࡢ῝࠸సᐙࡔࡀ㸪࢔࣭ࣛ࣋ࣛ
ෆ㒊࡟ࢹ࢕ࣥࣉࣝᎹࡸ࣏࣮ࣜ⮬㌟ࡣⓏሙࡍࡿࡢ࠿
ࢹ࢕ࣥࣉࣝࡸᙼዪࡢ࣓࢖ࢻࡢࡼ࠺࡞㐃୰࡟ྥࡅ࡚
࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࡔࡀ㸪ࡇࡢస⪅ࡣࡑ࠺࠸࠺⣽
኎ࢀ➽ࡢᑠㄝࢆ⢒〇℃㐀ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆవ൤࡞ࡃࡉࢀ
࠿࠸▩┪࡟ࡣࡇࡔࢃࡽࡎ㸪ᖹ↛࡜≀ㄒࢆ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬࡢ≀ㄒ࠘̿̿ࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘࡜
ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢸ࢕࠘࡜ࢆࡘ࡞ࡄᛀࢀࡽࢀࡓᑠㄝ
29
ࡃࠋ
Ẽᣢࡕࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆస⪅ࡣᚲṚ࡟ྰᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪
⌧௦ࡢㄞ⪅࠿ࡽぢࢀࡤ㸪࣓ࢱࣇ࢕ࢡࢩࣙࣥ࡟࠾
ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࢩ࣮ࣥࡀ࠶ࡿ✀ࡢㄞ⪅ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ
ࡅࡿୡ⏺ほࡢタᐃࡸస⪅ࡢ❧ࡕ఩⨨ࡢཝᐦࡉ࡟㛵
ࡇ࡜ࡣྰࡵ࡞࠸ࠋ
ࡋ࡚࠶ࡲࡾ࡟↓㡻╔࡞ࡢࡀ㸪ࡇࡢస⪅ࡢ≉ᚩࡔࠋ
࡝࠺ࡸࡽࡇࡢస⪅ࡣ⮬ศࡀసࡾฟࡋࡓⓏሙே≀࡜
㹙͐㹛⚾ࡣ࣮࣡ࢪ࣮Ặ㹙Mr. Worthy㹛ࡢ㤋ࡲ࡛
⮬⏤࡟఍ヰࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ❧ሙ࡟࠶ࡿࡽࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ㸪ఱ
ᩓṌ࡟⾜ࡃࡇ࡜࡟ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ⚾ࡣ㏱᫂࡟࡞ࡿ㨱
ᗘ࠿࡯ࡢࡵ࠿ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࡤࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡢᏊ
ἲࡢᖗᏊࢆ࠿ࡪࡾ㸪ࡈ፬ே᪉ࡢ๓࡟⌧ࢃࢀࡓࡢ
࡝ࡶ᫬௦㸪ࣞࢹ࢕࣭ࣂ࢘ࣥࢸ࢕ࣇࣝࡀࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵ
࡛ࡍࡀ㸪ᙼዪࡓࡕࡣ⮬ศࡓࡕ࠿ࡽ 100 ࣮ࣖࢻ௨
ࢺ࡟ᐙᗞᩍᖌࢆࡘࡅࡼ࠺࡜ࡋࡓ᫬࡟ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢዪᛶ
ෆ࡟⏨ᛶࡀ࠸ࡿ࡜ࡣክ࡟ࡶᛮࢃ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ
ࡀᝏே࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ▱ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿస⪅ࡀ㸪ࣞࢹ࢕࣭
㹙͐㹛
ࠋ⚾ࡣᙼዪ㹙ࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ㹛ࡢጼࢆ═ࡵ࡚
ࣂ࢘ࣥࢸ࢕ࣇࣝ࡟ᙼዪࢆ㞠ࢃ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺┤᥋ᛅ࿌ࡋ
࠺ࡗ࡜ࡾࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀ࡯࡝ឡࡽࡋ࠸ᙼዪࢆ⚾
ࡓ࡜ㄒࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࠕ⚾ࡣኻ♩ࢆ㢳ࡳࡎ㸪ࣞࢹ࢕࣭
ࡣぢࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡇࢇ࡞㏆ࡃ࡟ㄡ࠿ࡀ
ࣂ࢘ࣥࢸ࢕ࢆㄴࡵࡼ࠺࡜ࡋࡲࡋࡓࡋ㸪་ᖌ࡜∾ᖌ
࠸ࡿ࡜ࡣᛮ࠸ࡶࡏࡎ㸪ࢥࣝࢭࢵࢺࢆ௜ࡅࡓࡔࡅ
ࡶᛂ᥼ࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡲࡋࡓࠖ
㸦History 1: 150; bk. 1, ch. 8㸧
ࠋ
ࡢጼ࡛㸪㞷ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ⓑ࠸⬚ࢆ࠶ࡽࢃ࡟ࡋ࡚㸪⭸
ࡇࡢస⪅ࡀ⌧ᐇୡ⏺࡟࠾࠸࡚ࣞࢹ࢕࣭ࣂ࢘ࣥࢸ࢕
ୖࡢ㠐ୗ␃ࡵࢆ⤖ࢇ࡛࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㨩ᝨⓗ࡞
ࣇࣝࡢ౑⏝ேࡸ▱ே࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺グ㍕ࡣ୍ษ࡞
࣏࣮ࢬࢆྲྀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᙼዪࢆぢ࡚⚾ࡀឤࡌࡿ႐ࡧ
࠸ࠋࡇࡢே≀ࡣస⪅࡜ࡋ࡚Ⓩሙே≀࡟ㄒࡾ࠿ࡅ࡚
ࡣ㸪ࡇࢀ࡯࡝᭷฼࡞どⅬࢆ୚࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡟ࡶ
࠸ࡿࡢࡔࠋࡇࢀࡣࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘࡟ࡶࠗࢺ
࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎ㸪ຎ᝟ࢆᥙࡁ❧࡚ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡶ㸪⫗ឤ
ࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࢕࠘࡟ࡶ࡞࠸タᐃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ⓗ࡞࡜ࡇࢁࡶ㸪ᙼዪࡢᛶู࡜ࡢ㛵ࢃࡾࡶࡲࡗࡓ
㸦
ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࢕࠘࡟ࡣㄒࡾᡭࢺࣜࢫ
ࡃ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡴࡋࢁࡑࢀࡣ㸪⨾ᚨࡢࡳࡀ
ࢺ࣒ࣛࡀⓏሙே≀࡟࿧ࡧ࠿ࡅࡿሙ㠃ࡀ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ᙼ
ࡶࡗ࡜ࡶ㔝⻅࡞ே㛫࡟ࡶ᳜࠼௜ࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ࡛ࡁ
ࡢゝⴥࡣⓏሙே≀ࡓࡕ࡟┤᥋⪺ࡇ࠼࡚ࡣ࠸࡞࠸ࠋ
㸧
ࡿ႐ࡧ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪⚾ࡓࡕࡀ⨥ࡸឤぬ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ㊊ᯬ
BBC ࡢࢸࣞࣅࢻ࣐ࣛ∧ࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘
㸦1997㸧
࠿ࡽゎࡁᨺࡓࢀ㸪
Ọ㐲ࡢኳᅜࢆึࡵ࡚ゼࢀࡿ᫬㸪
࡛ࡣ㸪୺ேබࢺ࣒ࡢே⏕ࡀㄒࡽࢀࡿ⹫ᵓෆୡ⏺࡟
ᖹ࿴࡞ኳᅜ࡟ఫࡴ㟋ⓗ࡞ேࠎ࡟ฟ఍ࡗ࡚࠾ࡰ࠼
స⪅ࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢹ࢕ࣥࢢ⮬㌟ࡀࡓࡧࡓࡧฟ⌧ࡋ㸪ど
ࡿឤ᝟ࢆᛮࢃࡏࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ
㸦History 2: 155̽
⫈⪅࡟┤᥋ㄒࡾ࠿ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ᙼࡢጼࡣⓏሙே≀
56; bk. 4, ch. 2㸧
ࡓࡕ࡟ࡣぢ࠼࡚࠸࡞࠸タᐃ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡓ࡜࠼
ྠ୍ࡢ⏬㠃࡟෗ࡗ࡚࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ᙼࡀⓏሙே≀ࡓࡕ࡜
స⪅ࡣⓏሙே≀ࡓࡕࢆ⮬⏤࡟ほᐹ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅ࡛
఍ヰࢆࡍࡿሙ㠃ࡣ୍ᗘࡶ࡞࠸㸦Burke㸧ࠋ
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕ
࡞ࡃ㸪ᙼࡽࢆ᧯ࡾேᙧࡢࡼ࠺࡟⮬⏤࡟ື࠿ࡋࡓࡾ
ࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡢస⪅ࡣ㸪ゝࢃࡤࢸࣞࣅࢻࣛ
Ṇࡵࡓࡾ࡛ࡁࡿࡽࡋ࠸ࠋࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡀᗊㆤ⪅ࣞ
࣐∧ࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࡛࠘⹫ᵓෆୡ⏺ࢆṌࡁᅇ
ࢹ࢕࣭ࣂ࢘ࣥࢸ࢕ࣇࣝࡢᒇᩜࢆ῝ኪ࡟ᢤࡅฟࡍሙ
ࡿస⪅࡟㸪ࡉࡽ࡟స୰ே≀࡟┤᥋ヰࡋ࠿ࡅࡿ⬟ຊ
㠃࡛ࡣ㸪
╀ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓస⪅ࡀᐷ࡚࠸ࡿ㛫㸪
ࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵ
ࡀຍࢃࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡞Ꮡᅾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࢺࡢືࡁࡀ୍᫬೵Ṇࡉࢀࡿࠋ
࡜ࡣゝ࠼ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡢస⪅ࡶ㸪
స୰ே≀࡜ゝⴥࢆ஺ࢃࡍࡢࡣࡈࡃ⛥࡞ሙྜࡢࡳ࡛
⨾ᚨ࡜⣧₩ࢆᏲࡿࡓࡵࡢࡇࡢ⾜ືࢆᑑࡄࡼ࠺࡟㸪
࠶ࡾ㸪ᇶᮏⓗ࡟ࡣⓏሙே≀࡟ጼࢆぢࡽࢀࡎ࡟ᙼࡽ
᭶ࡣ᫂ࡿࡃ㍤ࡁ㸪ᗞᅬ࡟ฟࡿ⿬ࡢᅖ࠸ࡢࢻ࢔ࡲ
ࡢ⾜ືࢆなࡁぢ࡚࠸ࡿࡽࡋ࠸ࠋస⪅ࡣ⮬ศࡀⓏሙ
࡛ᙼዪࢆᑟ࠸࡚ࡃࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋᙼዪࡣ㘽ࢆᣢࡗ࡚
ே≀࡟Ẽ࡙࠿ࢀࡎ࡟ᙼࡽࡢ⾜ືࢆࡘࡪࡉ࡟ほᐹ࡛
࠸ࡓࡢ࡛㸪ࢻ࢔ࢆ㛤ࡅ࡚እ࡟ฟࡿ࡜㸪እ࠿ࡽ㘄
ࡁࡿ⌮⏤ࢆ㸪
ࠕ㏱᫂࡟࡞ࡿ㨱ἲࡢᖗᏊࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ
ࢆ㛢ࡵ㸪㘽ࢆࢻ࢔ࡢୗ࡟⨨ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀ࡛Ᏻ
࡜ࡔࡅㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋస⪅ࡀ╔᭰࠼୰ࡢࢩ࣮ࣕ
ᚰ࡜ᛮࡗࡓᙼዪࡣ㸪ࢻ࢔࠿ࡽ 100 ࣮ࣖࢻ࡯࡝㞳
ࣟࢵࢺࡢ㒊ᒇ࡟ධࡾ㎸ࡴ㸪ࡸࡸ࣏ࣝࣀࢢࣛࣇ࢕࣮
ࢀࡓᴍࡢ⪁ᮌࡢ᰿ඖ࡟⭜᥃ࡅࡲࡋࡓࠋࡢ࡝࠿࡛
ࡵ࠸ࡓሙ㠃ࢆᘬ⏝ࡋࡼ࠺ࠋ⬚ࡢ㇂㛫ࢆ࠶ࡽࢃ࡟ࡋ
ᖾ⚟ࡔࡗࡓ᫇㸪ᙼዪࡣࡼࡃࡇࡇ࡟ᗙࡗ࡚ㄞ᭩࡟
ࡓࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡢୗ╔ጼࢆぢࡘࡵࡿ⮬ศ࡟Ῐࡽ࡞
ᾐࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋⴠࡕ╔ࡁࢆྲྀࡾᡠࡋࡓᙼዪ
30
ෆ⏣ ຾
ࡣ㸪ࡇࢀ࠿ࡽ࡝ࡇ࡟ྥ࠿࠼ࡤ࠸࠸࠿ࢆ⪃࠼ጞࡵ
ࡲࡋࡓࠋ࡛ࡶࡑࢁࡑࢁᮅ࡟࡞ࢁ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ
ୖࡢ౛࡛ࡣḟ❶ࡢࢱ࢖ࢺࣝࡀ෕ㄯࡢࠕⴠࡕࠖ࡟
ࡋ㸪⚾ࡣࡇࡢ❶ࢆ᭩ࡃࡢ࡟⑂ࢀࡲࡋࡓ࠿ࡽ㸪࠾
࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࡀ㸪㏫࡟௨ୗࡢ౛ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪❶ࡢ
ヰࢆඛ࡟㐍ࡵࡿ๓࡟㸪ㄞ⪅ࡢࡳ࡞ࡉࢇ࡟ࡣኻ♩
ࢱ࢖ࢺࣝ࡟ㄞ⪅ࡀࢶࢵࢥ࣑ࢆධࢀࡿᙧ࡛᪂ࡋ࠸❶
ࡋ࡚㸪
࣋ࢵࢻ࡟ᡠࡗ୍࡚╀ࡾࡋࡼ࠺࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
ࡀጞࡲࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡳ࡞ࡉࢇࡀࡑࢀࡣ᎘ࡔ࡜࠸࠺࡞ࡽ㸪࠶ࡢᴍࡢᮌ
ࡢ᰿ඖ࡟⭜᥃ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࢧ࣐࣮ࢬᎹࡢጼࢆ࠾ᴦࡋ
➨ 1 ❶̿̿ክ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㄽ⪃ࢆ཰ࡵࡿ
ࡳࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠋ⚾ࡀᬤ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ᙼዪ࡟᪑ࢆ⥆ࡅࡉ
ࡏࡿవ⿱ࡀฟࡿࡲ࡛㸪ᙼዪࡣ࠶ࡢࡲࡲ࡛ࡍࠋ࡞
ࠕክ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㄽ⪃㸟 ࡇ࠸ࡘ㸪
ఱࢆゝࡗ࡚ࡿࢇ
࡟ࡋࢁ⚾ࡣᙼዪ࡟㨱ἲࢆ࠿ࡅ࡚㸪⚾ࡢチྍࡀ࡞
ࡔ㸽 ክ࡞ࢇ࡚ࢃࢀࢃࢀ࡟㛵ಀ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ㸽ࠖ
ࡅࢀࡤ୍Ṍࡶືࡅ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚࠶ࡾࡲࡍ࠿ࡽ
ࢹ࢕ࢵࢡ࣭ࢲࣃ࣮࢘࢕ࢵࢺྩ㹙Dick Dapperwit㹛
ࡡࠋ
㸦History 2: 55̽56; bk. 3, ch. 3㸧
ࡀᛣࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
ࠕࡄࡎࡄࡎࡋ࡚࡞࠸࡛㸪࠶ࢇࡓ
ࡢࠗᩍ༊Ꮩඣࡢ≀ㄒ࠘ࢆ⥆ࡅࢁࡼࠋክࡢヰࡣࡲ
ㄞ⪅࡜ࡢ཮᪉ྥⓗ஺ὶࢆឤࡌࡉࡏࡿᢏἲࡢ୍ࡘ
ࡓ௒ᗘ࡛࠸࠸ࡌࡷ࡞࠸࠿ࠖ̿̿ၿⰋ࡞ࢲࣃ࣮
࡜ࡋ࡚㸪స⪅ࡣ᫬ࠎ≀ㄒࡢඛࡢᒎ㛤ࢆㄞ⪅࡟⪃࠼
࢘࢕ࢵࢺࡉࢇ㸪ክ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ㸪࠶࡞ࡓࡀᛮࡗ࡚
ࡉࡏࡿࠋࣛࣉࢺࣥࡢゝ࠺ࡼ࠺࡟ࠕ1750 ᖺ௦ࡲ࡛࡟
࠸ࡿ௨ୖ࡟ࢃࢀࢃࢀ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚㔜せ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍࡼࠋ
ࡣ㸪ࣉࣟࢵࢺࡢ୍㒊ࢆㄞ⪅࡟ጤࡡࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪࠿࡞
ࡑࢀ࡟ࡇࡢヰ㢟ࡀ⚾ࡢ㢌࡟ᾋ࠿ࢇ࡛ࡋࡲࡗࡓ࠿
ࡾ୍⯡ⓗ࡞ಟ㎡ᢏἲ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠖࡢࡔ㸦Lupton,
ࡽ࡟ࡣ㸪ࡳ࡞ࡉࢇࡣ⚾ࡢヰࢆࡌࡗ࡜ᡃ៏ࡋ࡚⪺
͆Giving͇ 293㸧
ࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇࡇࢀࡣࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛ
࠿ࡡࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡑࢀࡀ᎘࡞ࡽ࣮࣌ࢪࢆࡵ
ࢩࣕࣥࢹ࢕࡛࠘ࡶఱᗘ࠿౑ࢃࢀࡿᢏἲ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡓ
ࡃࡗ࡚ḟࡢ❶࡟㣕ࢇ࡛ࡃࡔࡉ࠸࡞ࠋࡓࡔࡋ⨩࡜
ࡔࡋࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡀ⊂≉࡞ࡢࡣ㸪
ࡋ࡚㸪ࡑࡇ࡟ࡶክࡢࡇ࡜ࡋ࠿᭩࠸࡚࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ
❶ࡢ⤊ࢃࡾ࡛ḟࡢ❶ࡢᒎ㛤ࢆㄞ⪅࡟⪃࠼ࡉࡏ࡚࠾
ࡅ࡝ࡡࠋ
㸦History 2: 1̽2; bk. 3, ch. 1㸧
ࡁ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪
ྠࡌ࣮࣌ࢪ࡟࠶ࡿḟࡢ❶ࡢࢱ࢖ࢺࣝࡀ㸪
ඛࡢᒎ㛤ࢆ┒኱࡟ࠕࢿࢱࣂࣞࠖࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ
ᐇ㝿࡟ḟࡢ❶࡟㣕ࢇ࡛ࡳࡿ࡜㸪ࡑࡇ࡟ࡣ୺ேබࡢ
࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡝࠺ࡸࡽࢫࢸ࢕࣮ࣦ࣭ࣥࣔ࢔ࡢぢ❧࡚㏻
ࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡀ࠾ࡒࡲࡋ࠸ክࢆぢࡓヰࡀ᭩࠿ࢀ࡚
ࡾ㸪ࡇࡢస⪅ࡣㄞ⪅ࡓࡕࡢ㢌⬻ࢆ࠶ࡲࡾಙ㢗ࡋ࡚
࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺௙᥃ࡅ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୍㒊ࡢㄞ⪅࡟࣮࣌ࢪࢆ
࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡼ࠺ࡔࠋ
㣕ࡤࡋ࡚ḟࡢ❶࡟㣕ࡪࡇ࡜ࢆ່ࡵࡿᢏἲࡶࡲࡓ㸪
ࡢࡕ࡟ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࢕࡛࠘౑ࢃࢀ㸦vol.
ㄞ⪅ࡢࡳ࡞ࡉࢇࡣࡇࡇࡲ࡛ࡢ 2㸪
3 ࣮࣌ࢪࢆ࠾ㄞ
1, ch. 4㸧
㸪ࡑࡢᐇ㦂ᛶࡀከࡃࡢ◊✲⪅࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㈹㈶
ࡳ࡟࡞ࢀࡤ㸪⚾ࡀࢧ࣐࣮ࢬᎹ࡟ࡕࡻࡗ࡜ࡋࡓヨ
ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ
⦎ࢆ୚࠼ࡿ‽ഛࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀ࠾ศ࠿ࡾ࡛ࡋࡻ
࡞࠾㸪ࡇࡢ❶࡛ㄒࡽࢀࡿክࡢヰࡣ㸪
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵ
࠺ࠋࡳ࡞ࡉࢇࡀ᝿ീຊࢆാ࠿ࡏ࡚㸪ᙼዪࡢ㌟࡟
ࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡢస⪅ࡀ⮬ࡽࡢ๰సࡢ⛎ᐦࢆㄒࡗ
᣺ࡾ࠿࠿ࡿ୙ᖾࡀ࡝ࢇ࡞ࡶࡢ࡞ࡢ࠿ࢆࡋࡤࡽࡃ
ࡓ࢚ࢵࢭ࢖࡜ࡋ࡚⯆࿡῝࠸ࠋ
ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕ
⪃࠼ࡿᶵ఍ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪ࡇࡇ࡛࠸ࡗࡓࢇ❶
ࣥࢹ࢕࠘ࡢㄒࡾᡭࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒ࣛ࡟ࡼࡿ㸪௨ୗࡢ๰
ࢆ⤊࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡋࡲࡍࠋ࡜ࡣゝ࠼㸪ࡳ࡞ࡉࢇࡢ
సㄽ࡜ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ࡶ㠃ⓑ࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
ࠕ᪤▱ࡢୡ⏺ࡢ࠶
୰୍࡛␒✵᝿ࡀᚓព࡞᪉࡟ࡶ࠾ࡑࡽࡃゝ࠸ᙜ࡚
ࡽࡺࡿᆅᇦࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚⌧௒⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸪୍ᕳࡢ
ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࡽ㸪ḟࡢ❶ࡢࢱ࢖
᭩≀ࢆ᭩ࡁࡣࡌࡵࡿ㝿ࡢᩘከࡃࡢ᪉ἲࡢ୰࡛㸪⚾
ࢺ࡛ࣝࣄࣥࢺࢆ୚࠼࡚࠾ࡁࡲࡍࠋ❶⮬యࢆㄞࡴ
ࡣ⚾⮬㌟ࡢࡸࡾ᪉ࡇࡑ᭱ୖ࡞ࡢࡔ࡜☜ಙࡋ࡚࠸ࡲ
Ẽ࡟ࡉࡏࡿ࡟ࡣࡇࢀ࡛༑ศ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ
ࡍ̿̿ྠ᫬࡟᭱ࡶ᐀ᩍⓗ࡞ࡸࡾ᪉࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ㸪
␲࠸ࢆ࠸ࢀࡲࡏࢇ̿̿⚾ࡣࡲࡎ᭱ึࡢ୍ᩥࢆ᭩ࡁ
➨ 8 ❶̿̿ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬᎹࢆ◚⁛ࡉࡏṇయࢆᭀ㟢ࡏ
ࡲࡍ̿̿ࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࢀ࡟ࡘ࡙ࡃ➨஧ࡢᩥ❶ࡣ㸪඲⬟
ࢇ࡜ࡍࡿዪࡓࡕࡢᝏព࡟‶ࡕࡓ⟇ㅛࢆ཰ࡵࡿ
ࡢ⚄࡟࠾ࡲ࠿ࡏࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠖ㸦ࢫࢱ࣮ࣥ㹙ୗ㹛;
㸦History 2: 108; bk. 3, chs. 7̽8㸧
Sterne; vol. 8, ch. 2㸧
ࠋ
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬࡢ≀ㄒ࠘̿̿ࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘࡜
ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢸ࢕࠘࡜ࢆࡘ࡞ࡄᛀࢀࡽࢀࡓᑠㄝ
31
ࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒ࣛࡢᇳ➹ἲࡀࠕᡂࡾ⾜ࡁ௵ࡏࠖࡔ࡜
ᙼ㹙ᩥኈ㹛ࡣ࡝ࢇ࡝ࢇ‪࠸࡚ࡃࡿ✵᝿ࡢ୍ࡘ୍
ࡍࡿ࡞ࡽ㸪
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡢస⪅ࡢᇳ
ࡘࢆぢࡘࡵ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡢࡘ࡞ࡀࡾ࡟㢌ࢆᝎࡲࡍࡇ
➹ἲࡣࠕᡂࡾ⾜ࡁ௵ࡏ࡛ࣈࣞ࢖ࣥࢫࢺ࣮࣑ࣥࢢࡋ
࡜࡞ࡃ㸪㞧↛࡜ࡋࡓ࢔࢖ࢹ࢕࢔ࢆ᭩ࡁ␃ࡵ࡚࠸
ࡓ࢔࢖ࢹ࢕࢔ࡢᒣࢆ㸪ᚋ࠿ࡽྲྀᤞ㑅ᢥࡋ࡚ᩚ⌮ࡍ
ࡁࡲࡍࠋᨭ㞳⁛⿣࡞ᛮ࠸ࡘࡁࡀᒣࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡓ
ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺㸪⌧௦ࡢㄽᩥᇳ➹ᣦ༡᭩࡟࡛ࡶ᭩࠸࡚
ࡲࡗࡓࡽ㸪ᙼࡣࡌࡗࡃࡾᗙࡗ࡚㸪ᒣࡢࡇࡕࡽ࠿
࠶ࡾࡑ࠺࡞᪉ἲ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘
ࡽ࠶ࡿ࢔࢖ࢹ࢕࢔ࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆ㸪ูࡢሙᡤ࠿ࡽࡣ
ࡢస⪅ࡣ㸪ࡲࡎᩥᏛసရࡀ㉳ࡁ࡚ぢࡿክ࡟࡯࠿࡞
࠶ࡿẚ႘ࢆ㸪ࡇࡇ࠿ࡽᡭ㊊ࢆ㸪࠶ࡕࡽ࠿ࡽయࡢ
ࡽ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆᐉゝࡍࡿࠋ
ࠕ࡞࡟ࡋࢁ㸪ࢃࢀࢃࢀస⪅
୍㒊ࢆ࡜࠸࠺ලྜ࡟㑅ࡧฟࡋ࡚㸪Ⓩሙே≀ࡢጼ
ࡀࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪⮬ศࡢክࡢヰࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡔ
ࢆ⤌ࡳ❧࡚ࡿ࡜㸪ࡑࡇ࡟ᛮ࠸ࡘࡁࡢᒣ࠿ࡽᣠࡗ
ࡅ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠋ☜࠿࡟ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡀㄒࡿࡢࡣ㉳ࡁ࡚ぢ
ࡓᥥ෗ࡸ᝟ឤ࡞࡝ࡢ࠶ࢀࡇࢀࢆࡲ࡜ࢃࡏ࡚㸪ᙼ
ࡿክ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝㸪ࡑࢀࡣᐷ࡚ぢࡿክ࡜ࡓ࠸ࡋ࡚ኚ
ࡀసࢁ࠺࡜ពᅗࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡟㏆࡙ࡅ࡚࠸ࡃࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ
ࢃࡾࡣࡋ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࠖ
㸦History 2: 2; bk. 3, ch. 1㸧
ࠋࡑ
᝿ീຊࡀ౪⤥ࡋࡓᮦᩱࡢ୰࠿ࡽ㸪ྲྀࡾධࢀࡿࡶ
ࡢୖ࡛స⪅ࡣ㸪ᩥኈࡣ⮬ศࡢᑠㄝࡢᮦᩱࢆ㸪ࡲࡿ
ࡢ࡜ᣄ⤯ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࢆ㑅ࡾศࡅࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪ࡇࡇ
࡛ክࢆぢࡿࡼ࠺࡟ᗁどࡍࡿࡀ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡣᗁどࡋࡓ
ุ࡛᩿ຊ࡜ᝅᛶࢆാ࠿ࡏࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ
㸦History 2:
ࡲࡲࡢᮍᩚ⌮࡞≧ែ࡛ࡣ㸪ᐷ࡚ぢࡿክ࡜ྠࡌࡃࡽ
5̽6; bk. 3, ch. 1㸧
࠸ព࿡୙᫂ࡔ࡜ゝ࠺ࠋ
ࡶࡋࡶࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᩥ❶ࡀ
ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࢕࠘
ࡶࡋࡶࡳ࡞ࡉࢇࡀ⚾ࡢᑛᩗࡍ࡭ࡁ∗㹙ࣇ࢕࣮ࣝ
࡟᭩࠸࡚࠶ࢀࡤ㸪◊✲⪅ࡓࡕࡣࡑࡇ࡟ྠ᫬௦ࡢဴ
ࢹ࢕ࣥࢢ㹛ࡢ㞧グᖒࡸࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘ࡢ
Ꮫࢆ⤡ࡵ࡚ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ホ㔘ࢆຍ࠼㸪ࡑࡢᛮ᝿ྐⓗ
᭱ึࡢⲡ✏ࢆㄞࢇ࡛㸪࠶ࡢ↓㢮ࡢഔసࡢඖ࡟
⫼ᬒࢆ┿๢࡟᥈ࢁ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵ
࡞ࡗࡓᮍᩚ⌮ࡢΰἁࢆࡈぴ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪
ࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡣᾘ࠼࡚࠸ࡗࡓ㐲࠸㐣ཤࡢὶ⾜ᑠ
ࡑࢀࡣࡳ࡞ࡉࢇࡀࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡟ぢࡓ᭱ࡶᨭ㞳⁛⿣
ㄝࡢ୍ࡘ࡟ࡍࡂ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡢὶ⾜ᑠㄝ࡜㸪ୡ
࡞ክ࡜༊ูࡀࡘ࠿࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࡳ
⏺ᩥᏛࡢྡస࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡔ࡟ㄞࡳ⥅ࡀࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
࡞ࡉࢇࡀ┠࡟ࡍࡿࡢࡣ㸪᫂☜࡞ጼ࠿ࡓࡕࢆᣢࡓ
ࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘ࡸࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥ
࡞࠸࢔࢖ࢹ࢕࢔ࡢ⫾ඣࡸ㸪ࡲࡔ⮬↛⏺ࡢఱ࡟ࡶ
ࢹ࢕࠘࡜ࡢ㐪࠸ࡣ㸪ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡀᬑẁ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࡯
ఝ࡚࠸࡞࠸ẚ႘ࡢ࡛ⷣࡍࠋⓏሙே≀ࡓࡕࡢᡭ㊊
࡝኱ࡁࡃࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ
ࡸయࡢ㒊ศࡢ࣑ࢽࢳࣗ࢔ࡶ㸪㞧↛࡜ࡤࡽࡲ࠿ࢀ
࠶ࡢᡭࡇࡢᡭ࡛ㄞ⪅ࢆ࠿ࡽ࠿࠸࡞ࡀࡽ≀ㄒࢆ㐍
࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡇ࡟ࡣఱࡢࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࡶ୍㈏ᛶࡶ࠶
ࡵ࡚ࡁࡓస⪅ࡣ㸪᭱⤊❶࡛ࡶࢃࡊ࡜ㄞ⪅ࢆࡌࡽࡏ
ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡋ㸪ࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࡀぢ࠸ࡔࡏࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ୙
࡚࠿ࡽ࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡀ⏕ࡁูࢀࡢ⿱
㐺ษ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ᫬࡟ࡣ㈆ῄ࡞࢙࢘ࢫࢱࣥᎹ
⚟࡞∗ぶ࡜෌఍ࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛㸪స⪅ࡣࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵ
㹙Miss Western㹛ࡢసࡾ࠿ࡅࡢ⬮ࡀ㸪ࡼࡇࡋࡲ࡞
ࢺࡢᜊࡢ⾜ࡃᮎࢆㄒࡽ࡞࠸ࡲࡲᑠㄝࢆ⤊࠼ࡼ࠺࡜
ࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬࡢ୍⣒ࡲ࡜ࢃࡠᒁ㒊ࡢ㞄࡟ࡈ
ࡍࡿࡢࡔࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇㄞ⪅ࡢ௦⾲ࡣస⪅࡟⊛Ⅿ࡞ໃ
ࢁࡾ࡜⨨࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡾࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࠋ
㸦History 2: 2̽3;
࠸࡛ᢠ㆟ࡋ㸪ࣛࢫࢺࢩ࣮ࣥࡣ࠾Ỵࡲࡾࡢồ፧ࢩ࣮
bk. 3, ch. 1㸧
ࣥࢆక࠺ࣁࢵࣆ࣮࢚ࣥࢹ࢕ࣥࢢ࡬࡜᭩ࡁ᥮࠼ࡽࢀ
ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࡢࡔࡀࠋ
ࡕࡻ࠺࡝ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࢕࠘ࡢㄒࡾᡭ
ࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒ࣛࡀᗎᩥࡢ୰࡛㸪ே㛫࡟ࡣᶵᬛ㸦wit㸧
⚾ࡢ⨾ࡋ࠸ᩍ༊Ꮩඣࡣ㸪ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᅔ㞴ࡸ༴ᶵ
࡜ᛮ៖ศู㸦judgment㸧ࡢ୧᪉ࡀᚲせࡔ࡜ㄒࡿࡼ
ࢆ஌ࡾ㉺࠼࡚ࡼ࠺ࡸࡃ↓஦࡟∗ぶࡢᒇᩜ࡟ࡓ࡝
࠺࡟㸦vol. 3, ch. 20㸧
㸪
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘
ࡾ╔ࡁ㸪⿱⚟࡛㇦⳹࡞⏕άࢆ㏦ࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾ
ࡢస⪅ࡣ㸪ゝࢃࡤᶵᬛ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚኱㔞࡟⣳ࡂฟࡋࡓ
ࡲࡋࡓࠋ⚾࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ࡇࡢ࠶ࡓࡾࡀᙼዪ࡟ูࢀ
࢔࢖ࢹ࢕࢔ࢆ㸪ᛮ៖ศู࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ྲྀᤞ㑅ᢥࡍࡿ᪉
ࢆ࿌ࡆࡿ₻᫬࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋᙼዪࡣ௒
ἲࢆᥦၐࡍࡿࠋ
ࡸ㸪㐨⌮ࢆࢃࡁࡲ࠼ࡓዪᛶ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ᮃࡵࡿ㝈ࡾ
ࡢᖾ⚟ࢆᡭ࡟ࡋࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠋ
ࠕࡕࡻࡗ࡜㸪ఱ
32
ෆ⏣ ຾
ゝࡗ࡚ࡿࡢ㸟ࠖ࡜ゝࡗࡓࡢࡣࣛ࢟ࢵࢺࡢᚋᐙࡉ
ィ࡞ࡇ࡜ࠖ࡜ࡀ୺ᚑ㏫㌿ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺࣛ
ࢇ㹙Widow Lackit㹛࡛ࡍࠋ
ࠕࡲࡉ࠿㸪⤖፧ࡉࡏࡎ
࣒࣭ࢩࣕࣥࢹ࢕࠘ࡢㄞ⪅ࡣᖖ࡟㸪⮬ศࡀㄞࢇ࡛࠸
࡟ヰࢆ⤊ࢃࡽࡏࡿẼࡌࡷ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࡡ㸽 ᙼ
ࡿࡇࡢᩥ❶࡟᭩࠸࡚࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣᮏᙜࡣბࡔࡅࢀ࡝
ዪࡀኵ࡞ࡋ࡛ᖾ⚟࡟࡞ࢀࡿࢃࡅࡀ࡞࠸ࡌࡷ࡞࠸
స⪅ࡶㄞ⪅ࡶᮏᙜࡢ᣺ࡾࢆࡋ࡚࠸࡚࡛ࡶࡸࡗࡥࡾ
ࡢࠋࡑࢀ࡟㸪ࡇࡢᡭࡢ≀ㄒࡀࣄ࣮࣮ࣟ࡜ࣄࣟ࢖
ᮏᙜࡣბ࡛͐͐࡜࠸࠺㸪ᙜࡓࡾ๓࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀᮏ᮶
ࣥࢆ⤖፧ࡉࡏࡎ࡟⤊ࢃࡿ࡞ࢇ࡚㸪࠶ࡽࡺࡿつ๎
ࡣࠕవィ࡞ࡇ࡜ࠖࢆព㆑ࡋ⥆ࡅࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ࠋࡑ
࡟㐪཯ࡋ࡚ࡿࢃࠋ⤖፧ᘧࡢኪࢆᥥ࠿࡞࠸࡞ࡽ㸪
ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪
ࠕࢫࢱ࣮ࣥࡢᩥᏛୡ⏺࡛ࡣᏑᅾࡀ᰿
ㄡࡀࡇࢇ࡞ࡶࡢㄞࡴࡶࢇ࡛ࡍ࠿㸟ࠖ࠸ࡸࡣࡸ㸪
※ⓗ࡟୙☜ᐃᛶࢆᢪ࠼࡚࠾ࡾ㸪Ꮡᅾ࡜୙ᅾ㸪⌧ᐇ
ᚋᐙࡉࢇ㸪ࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ᪉࡟ࡈ‶㊊࠸ࡓࡔࡃࡢࡣ㞴
࡜ࣇ࢕ࢡࢩࣙࣥ㸪⏕࡜Ṛࡢุ᩿ࢆ␃ಖࡉࡏࡽࢀࡓ
ࡋ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ࡞ࠋࡑࢀ࡟࠿ࡘ࡚ࡢᩍ༊Ꮩඣࡶ௒
⪅ࡓࡕࡀ㸪᭩≀ࡢୡ⏺࡜࠸ࢃࡺࡿ⌧ᐇࡢୡ⏺࡜ࢆ
ࡸ⿱⚟࡞ዪ┦⥆ே࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽ㸪⩚㣭ࡾ㸪ࣜ࣎ࣥ㸪
㑏ࡍࡿࠖ
㸦Ṋ⏣ 91㸧࡜࠸࠺≧ែࡀࡵ࡛ࡓࡃ㐩ᡂ
⛠ྕ㸪⿕ࡾ≀㸪㧥⢊ࢆ᣺ࡗࡓ㨆࡜࠸ࡗࡓᡭྜ࠸
ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࡢࡔࠋ
࡟ྲྀࡾᕳ࠿ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋឤᛶࡶ᫇࡜ࡣ㐪ࡗ࡚
࠸ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᙼዪࡢᚋࢁ࡟㋀ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽ௜ࡁᚑ
࠺㈶⨾⪅ࡓࡕ࠿ࡽㄡ࠿୍ேࢆ㑅࡭࡞ࢇ࡚㸪⚾ࡣ
熊熄θΤ̯̀̾㋂̫ͧͤͣ̀̓㋨̞⧄へ
࡜࡚ࡶᙼዪ࡟ゝ࠼ࡲࡏࢇࡼࠋᩘ༓࣏ࣥࢻࡸࡿ࠿
ࡽᙼዪ࡟ཱྀࢆ฼࠸࡚ࡃࢀ࡜࠸࠺౫㢗ࡶ࠶ࡿࢇ࡛
ᮏ✏ࡢ┠ⓗ࠿ࡽࡍࢀࡤవィ࡞⬺⥺࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸
ࡍࡅ࡝ࡡࠋ⤖፧࿘᪕ேࡢᙺ┠ࡣࡲࡗࡨࡽ࡛ࡍࠋ
ࡀ㸪
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘࡜࠸࠺ᑠㄝࡀࠕవ
⚾ࡶ㸪᭩⡠ၟࡢࢥ࣮࣋ࢵࢺẶ㹙Mr. Corbett, ࡇࡢ
ィ࡞ࡇ࡜ࠖ௨እ࡟ఱࢆㄒࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢆ᣺ࡾ㏉ࡗ࡚
ᑠㄝࡢⓎ኎ඖ㹛ࡶࡍ࡛࡟⤖፧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡋ㸪࠿
࠾ࡇ࠺ࠋㄞ⪅ࡓࡕࢆసရෆ࡟ᥥࡁ㎸ࡴ࣓ࢱࣇ࢕ࢡ
ࡃ࡞ࡿୖࡣ㸪࠸ࡗࡑ 1 ᖺ࠿ 2 ᖺᙼዪࡢዲࡁ࡟ࡉ
ࢩࣙࣥⓗ࡞ሙ㠃࡟࠾ࡅࡿᐇ㦂ⓗ࡞ㄒࡾཱྀ࡜ࡣᑐ↷
ࡏ࡚㸪ᙼዪࡀ⮬ศࡢẼᣢࡕࢆࡣࡗࡁࡾࡉࡏࡿࡲ
ⓗ࡟㸪ᩍ༊Ꮩඣࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࢆࡵࡄࡿᮏ㢟ࡢ≀ㄒ
࡛ᚅ࡜࠺࡜ࡶᛮࡗࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ࡛ࡶዪᛶㄞ⪅ࡢࡳ
ࡣ㸪ࡁࢃࡵ࡚ᆺ㏻ࡾ࡛ඛࡢண ࡀྍ⬟࡞࠾Ỵࡲࡾ
࡞ࡉࢇࡣ㸪ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬᎹࢆࡉࡗࡉ࡜㏣࠸ᡶࡗ࡚㸪
ࡢᒎ㛤ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ≀ㄒࡢ኱ᯟ࡜࡞ࡿࠑ㈋ஈ࡞
ᙼዪࡢ࠾ୗࡀࡾࡢᜊேࡓࡕࢆࡶࡽ࠸ཷࡅࡼ࠺࡜
Ꮩඣࡀࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ヨ⦎ࢆ⤒ࡓᮎ࡟㸪⏕ࡁูࢀࡢ⿱
࠾⪃࠼ࡽࡋ࠸ࠋࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡞ࡽ⚾ࡣ࡛ࡁࡿ㝈
⚟࡞∗࡜෌఍ࡋ࡚ᖾ⚟࡟࡞ࡿࠒ
࡜࠸࠺➽࡟ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪
ࡾࣞࢹ࢕࣭ࣂ࢘ࣥࢸ࢕ࣇࣝࢆㄝᚓࡋ࡚㸪ࡑࡢᜥ
ࡑࢀ⮬యࡣࠕᏙඣࠖ࡜࠸࠺タᐃ࠿ࡽㄡࡶࡀண ࡛
Ꮚࡢࢧ࣮࣭ࢺ࣐ࢫ࡜ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬᎹࡀ⤖፧࡛ࡁࡿࡼ
ࡁࡿ࡯࡝ᖹซ࡞ࡶࡢࡔࠋ
࠺࡟࠾㢪࠸ࡍࡿࡋ࠿࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡑ࠺ゝ࠼ࡤࡇ
ᩥᏛ◊✲⪅ࡢࢪ࢙࢖࣒ࢬ࣭R࣭ࣇ࢛ࢫࢱ࣮㸦James
ࡇ 1ࠥ2 ᖺ㸪ᙼࡢშࡣ࡜ࢇ࡜⪺ࡁࡲࡏࢇࡡࠋ
R. Foster㸧ࡣ㸪ࣇࣛࣥࢫࡢసᐙࣆ࢚࣮࣭࣭ࣝ࢝ࣝࣞ
㸦History 2: 313̽14; bk. 4, ch. 11㸧
ࢻ࣭ࢩࣕࣥࣈ࣭ࣛࣥࢻ࣭࣐ࣦ࢛࣮ࣜ㸦Pierre Carlet de
Chamblain de Marivaux, 1688̽1763㸧࡟ࡼࡿᮍ᏶ࡢ
ࡇࡇࡲ࡛ぢ࡚ࡁࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸪
ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕ
Ꮩඣᑠㄝ࣐ࠗࣜࣖࣥࢾࡢ⏕ᾭ࠘
㸦La vie de Marianne,
ࣥࢹ࢕࠘ࢆ᭷ྡ࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࣓ࢱࣇ࢕ࢡࢩࣙࣥⓗ࡞
1731̽41㸧ࡀ㸪
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࢆࡣࡌ
ㄒࡾࡢᢏἲࡢ୍ࡘ୍ࡘࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ 9 ᖺ๓ࡢࠗࢩ࣮ࣕ
ࡵ࡜ࡍࡿ࢖ࢠࣜࢫᑠㄝ࡟ከ኱࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼㸪ࡉࡽ
ࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ห⾜ࡢ᫬Ⅼ࡛ࡍ࡛࡟࠶ࡽ࠿ࡓ
࡟ࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒ∧ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡀከ
㛤Ⓨࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ゝࡗ࡚ࡼ࠸ࠋࡓࡔࡋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ࣓
ࡃࡢᶍೌసࢆ⏕ࢇࡔࡇ࡜ࢆᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࢱࣇ࢕ࢡࢩࣙࣥⓗ࡞ሙ㠃ࡣ㸪
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ
ࠕ
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬࡢ≀ㄒ࠘ࡸࡑࡢࣇࣛࣥ
࣐࣮ࢬ࡛࠘ࡣ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ࠕవィ࡞ࡇ࡜ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ⠇
ࢫㄒ∧ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᑠㄝࡣ㸪࣐ࣦ࢛࣮ࣜࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ኱࠸
ᗘࢆᏲࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᮏ㢟ࡢ≀ㄒࢆ㐍ࡵࡿ㏵୰࡛᫬ᢡ
࡟ᣑᩓࡋࡓࠋ
࣐ࠗࣜࣖࣥࢾࡢ⏕ᾭ࠘ࡣ㸪18 ୡ⣖ࡢ
ࡾ⠂ఇࡵⓗ࡟⌧ࢀࡿ෕ㄯ࡟ࡍࡂ࡞࠸ࠋ୍᪉ࠗࢺࣜ
ࣇࣛࣥࢫ࠾ࡼࡧ࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡢ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡍ࡭࡚ࡢᑠㄝ
ࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࢕࡛࠘ࡣ࣓ࢱࣇ࢕ࢡࢩࣙࣥⓗ
࡟ఱࡽ࠿ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ゝࢃࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶
࡞㐟ࡧࡀసရࡢ๓㠃࡟ฟ࡚ࡁ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᮏ㢟࡜ࠕవ
ࡿࠖ
㸦Foster 64㸧
ࠋࣇ࢛ࢫࢱ࣮࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪
࣐ࠗࣜࣖࣥ
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬࡢ≀ㄒ࠘̿̿ࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘࡜
ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢸ࢕࠘࡜ࢆࡘ࡞ࡄᛀࢀࡽࢀࡓᑠㄝ
33
ࢾࡢ⏕ᾭ࠘ࡢᙳ㡪ୗ࡛᭩࠿ࢀࡓ㸪Ꮩඣࡢዪᛶࢆ୺
ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡢ∗ፉ෌఍ࢩ࣮ࣥࡀ㸪ᑠㄝࡢ᭱ึࡢ࡯
ேබ࡜ࡍࡿసရ⩌࡟ࡣ㸪ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ඹ㏻Ⅼࡀ࠶ࡿ
࠺࡟ᤄධࡉࢀࡿ㸪ᚰඃࡋ࠸㎰ኵ࡜Ꮩඣࡢ≀ㄒ࡛ᥥ
࡜࠸࠺ࠋ
ࠕ࣐ࣜࣖࣥࢾ㢼࡞ࣄࣟ࢖ࣥࡢከࡃࡣ㸪┤᥋
࠿ࢀࡓ∗ፉ෌఍ࢩ࣮ࣥࡢ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶᣦ
࣐ࠗࣜࣖࣥࢾࡢ⏕ᾭ࠘࡟ᙳ㡪ࡉࢀࡓ࡟ࡏࡼ㸪
᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦519㸧
ࠋᐇ㝿㸪
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬࡢ≀ㄒ࠘ࡸࠗ㎰ᐙࡢፉ
ࢬ࠘➨ 1 㒊ࡢ➨ 5 ❶ࠥ➨ 7 ❶࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ᤄධࡉࢀࡿ
ࡢฟୡ࠘
㹙Paysanne Parvenue, 1735, ࣐ࠗࣜࣖࣥࢾ
ࠕឿᝒ῝࠸㎰ኵࡢ≀ㄒࠖ㸦“The History of the
ࡢ⏕ᾭ࠘ࡢᶍೌస㹛࠿ࡽᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡓ࡟ࡏࡼ㸪⮬
Charitable Farmer”㸧ࡣ㸪୺ேබࡀᗂ࠸Ꮩඣࡢዪࡢ
ศࡼࡾ㌟ศࡀ㧗࠸⏨ᛶ࠿ࡽࡢዲᚅ㐝ࡔࡀ୙㐨ᚨ࡞
Ꮚ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜㸪ᙼዪࡀᗂ࡞ࡌࡳ࡛࠶ࡿᗊㆤ⪅ࡢᜥ
ồឡࢆࡣࡡࡘࡅ㸪ᗊㆤ⪅ࡢዪᛶࡢᜥᏊࡸ⦕⪅࡜ᜊ
Ꮚ࡜ᜊࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡜㸪
ᙼዪࡀࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ヨ⦎ࢆ⤒࡚㸪
࡟ⴠࡕ㸪ࡑࡋ࡚⚾฼⚾ḧ࡟ᕥྑࡉࢀ࡞࠸㧗₩࡞ே
᭱ᚋࡣ⏕ࡁูࢀࡢᐇࡢ∗࡜෌఍ࡋ࡚⿱⚟࡟࡞ࡾ㸪
᯶ࢆ♧ࡍ࡭ࡃ㸪ᜠ⩏ࡸ཭᝟ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ឡࢆ㸦୍᫬ⓗ
ᜊࡍࡿ⏨࡜⤖፧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡞࡝㸪࠶ࡽࡺࡿⅬ࡛
࡟ࡣ㸧≛≅࡟ࡍࡿࡢࡔࡗࡓࠖ
㸦64㸧
ࠋὀ┠ࡍ࡭ࡁࡇ
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡢ≀ㄒࡢ࣑ࢽࢳࣗ࢔
࡜࡟㸪
࣐ࠗࣜࣖࣥࢾࡢ⏕ᾭ࠘ࡣ࢙࢘࢖࣭ࣥC࣭ࣈ࣮
࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋస⪅ࡣ࡝࠺ࡸࡽ㸪࠶ࡽ࠿ࡌࡵㄞ⪅
ࢫࡢㄽᩥ࡛ࠕ⮬ព㆑ⓗ࡞ㄒࡾᡭࠖࡀά㌍ࡍࡿసရ
࡟సရ඲యࡢࠕ࠶ࡽࡍࡌࠖࡶࡋࡃࡣࠕண࿌⦅ࠖ࡟
ࡢ ୍ ࡘ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ྲྀ ࡾ ୖࡆ ࡽࢀ ࡚ ࠸ࡿ 㸦 Booth,
࠶ࡓࡿᤄヰࢆᥦ౪ࡋ࡚㸪≀ㄒࡢ኱➽ࢆࡤࡽࡍ௦ࢃ
“Self-Conscious” 173̽75㸧
ࠋ୺ேබࡀᩥ㏻┦ᡭ࡟⮬
ࡾ࡟㸪⣽㒊ࡢᒎ㛤࡟ᮇᚅࢆᣢࡓࡏࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ
ศࡢ⏕ᾭࢆㄒࡿᙧᘧ࡛᭩࠿ࢀࡓࡇࡢᑠㄝࡣ㸪ࡋࡤ
ࡼ࠺࡞ࡢࡔࠋࡇࡢస⪅ࡣྛ❶ࡢࢱ࢖ࢺ࡛ࣝࡶ㸪ࡑ
ࡋࡤㄒࡾᡭࡀ⮬ࡽࡢ≀ㄒ࡟ពぢࢆຍ࠼ࡿᙧ࡛ヰࡀ
ࡢ❶࡛ㄒࡽࢀࡿෆᐜࢆ࠶ࡽ࠿ࡓ᫂࠿ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ྛ
⬺⥺ࡋ࡚ࡺࡃᵓᡂࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪Ꮩඣࡢ㐢Ṕ࡜࠸
ᕳࡢෑ㢌ࡢ┠ḟ࡟୪ࢇࡔ❶ࢱ࢖ࢺࣝࢆࡊࡗ࡜═ࡵ
࠺ࢸ࣮࣐ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪
ࠕవィ࡞ࡇ࡜ࠖࡲ࡛ᑠㄝෆ㒊
ࢀࡤ㸪
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡢ௒ᚋࡢᒎ㛤ࡀ
࡟᭩ࡁຍ࠼ࡿㄒࡾࡢᢏἲࡢୖ࡛ࡶ㸪
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵ
࡯ࡰࡘ࠿ࡵ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࡯࡝ࡔࠋ
ࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡓࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ
ࡶࡕࢁࢇᙜ᫬ࡢㄞ⪅ࡢ୰࡟ࡶࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࠕࢿࢱࣂ
ࠕࣝࢿࢧࣥࢫ࠿ࡽ୍ඵୡ⣖࡟࠿ࡅ࡚㸪࢖ࢠࣜࢫ࡟
ࣞࠖࢆ᎘࠺⪅ࡣ࠸ࡓࠋຨ⯆ᮇࡢ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ㏆௦ࣜ࢔
㝈ࡽࡎ㸪࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡣ⩻ヂࡢ᫬௦ࡔࡗࡓࠖ
㸦ఀ⸨ iv㸧 ࣜࢬ࣒ᑠㄝࢆㄽࡌࡓྠ᫬௦ࡢᩥ⊩ࡢ୍ࡘ࡜ࡋ࡚᭷
ࡇ࡜ࢆ⪃៖ࡍࢀࡤ㸪18 ୡ⣖ࡢࣇࣛࣥࢫ࣭࢖ࢠࣜࢫ
ྡ࡞༏ྡࣃࣥࣇࣞࢵࢺࠗࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢹ࢕ࣥࢢẶࡀᡴ
ᑠㄝ㛫࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢸ࣮࣐ࡸㄒࡾࡢᢏἲࡢ཮᪉ྥⓗ࡞
ࡕ❧࡚ࡓ᪂✀ࡢᩥⱁ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㄽ⪃࠘
㸦An Essay on
ᙳ㡪㛵ಀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪
ࡼࡾ῝࠸◊✲ࡀᚲせࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
the New Species of Writing Founded by Mr. Fielding,
ᖾ࠸ࡇࡢࢸ࣮࣐࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ࣓࢔࣮࣭࣭࣐ࣜ࣊ࣞࣥ
1751㸧ࡢⴭ⪅ࡣ㸪ఱᗘࡶࠕࢿࢱࣂࣞࠖࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡍ
ࢡ࣐ࣛࣥ࡟ࡼࡿඛ㥑ⓗ࡞◊✲᭩㸦Mcmurran, Spread㸧 ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡢస⪅ࢆᇳᣉ࡟ᨷᧁ
ࡶฟ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪௒ᚋࡉࡽ࡟◊✲ࡀ㐍ࢇ࡛࠸ࡃ࡜ண᝿
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ5 ࡇࡢⴭ⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪
ࡑࡶࡑࡶ
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕ
ࡉࢀࡿࠋ
ࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬࡢ≀ㄒ㸪ᖾ㐠࡞ᩍ༊Ꮩඣ࠘࡜࠸
ⱥᩥᏛ◊✲⪅ࡢ࢟ࣕࣟࣛ࢖࣭ࣥࢦࣥࢲ㸦Caroline
࠺ࢱ࢖ࢺࣝࡀ㸪
ࠕᖾ㐠࡞ࠖ
㸦fortunate㸧࡜࠸࠺ㄒࢆ
Gonda㸧ࡣ㸪
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡢ⤖ᮎ㏆
ྵࡴࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡽ࠿ࡌࡵࣁࢵࣆ࣮࢚ࣥࢹ࢕ࣥࢢࢆண
ࡃ࡛ᥥ࠿ࢀࡿឤືⓗ࡞∗ፉࡢᑐ㠃ࡀ㸪࣮࣭࣊ࣥࣜ
᝿ࡉࡏࡿࡢࡀẼ࡟㣗ࢃ࡞࠸㸦Essay 24–25㸧
ࠋ❶ࢱ
ࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢹ࢕ࣥࢢࡢጒࢭ࢔࣭ࣛࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢹ࢕ࣥࢢ
࢖ࢺࣝࡀෆᐜࢆ᫂࠿ࡋࡍࡂ࡞ࡢࡶ⯆ࡊࡵࡔࠋ࠶ࡿ
㸦Sarah Fielding, 1710̽68㸧ࡢᑠㄝࠗࢹ࢖ࣦ࢕ࢵࢻ࣭
❶ࡢࢱ࢖ࢺࣝࡣࠕࢧ࣐࣮ࢬᎹ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᨻ἞ᐙࡢᝏ
ࢩࣥࣉࣝ࠘
㸦The Adventures of David Simple, 1744㸧
ᕦࡳࡢ➨ 2 㒊ࢆ཰ࡵࡿࠋᙼዪࡣമົ⪅␃⨨ᡤ࡟㏦
࡛㸪ࣄࣟ࢖ࣥ࡜∗࡜ࡀ෌఍ࡍࡿሙ㠃࡟ࡑࡗࡃࡾ࡞
ࡽࢀࡿࡀ㸪ᖾ㐠࡟ࡶᨻ἞ᐙࡢ௻࡚ࡣ㡻᣸ࡋ㸪ᙼࡢ
ࡇ࡜ࢆᣦ᦬ࡍࡿࠋ
ࠕ࠿࡞ࡾẟⰍࡢ㐪࠺஧ࡘࡢᑠㄝࡔ
ᡭඛࡣ⊋⊌ࡍࡿࠖ
㸦History 2: 257; bk. 4, ch. 8㸧
࡜࡞ࡗ
ࡀ㸪∗࡜ፉࡢ෌఍ࡢᥥࡁ᪉ࡣ㦫ࡃ࡯࡝ఝ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࣃࣥࣇࣞࢵࢺࡢⴭ⪅ࡣࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࠕࢿࢱࣂ
ᛶⓗ࡞ᨺᇝࡉࢆ཯┬ࡋ࡚㉧ࡋࢆஒ࠺∗ࢆ㸪኱႐ࡧ
ࣞࠖ࡟ᛣࡾࢆ㞃ࡏ࡞࠸ࠋ
ࡋࡓፉࡣ┤ࡕ࡟㉧ࡋ㸪Ꮀࡋࡉࡢ࠶ࡲࡾẼ⤯ࡍࡿࠖ
㸦Gonda 518㸧
ࠋࡋ࠿ࡶࢦࣥࢲࡣࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭
➨ 4 㒊➨ 8 ❶ࡣ࠾ࡑࡽࡃ≀ㄒ඲యࡢ୰࡛᭱ࡶ⯆
34
ෆ⏣ ຾
࿡῝࠸❶ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ከࡃࡢㄞ⪅ࡢᾦࢆㄏࡗ
ࡣࡇࡢ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡉࢀࡿᇶᮏࣉࣟࢵࢺࡢኚዌ࡟࡯࠿࡞
ࡓࡣࡎࡔࠋ⚾⮬㌟ࡶࠕே㛫ᛶࡢ࣑ࣝࢡࠖࢆ㇏ᐩ
ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ௚ࡢᤄヰ࡜ࡢ㐪࠸ࡣ㸪ࢧ࣮࣭ࢺ࣐ࢫ࡟ᑐ
࡟ᣢࡕྜࢃࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆㄆࡵ࡚᜝ࡌ࡞࠸ே㛫
ࡋ࡚ࡣࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ⮬㌟ࡀ⤖፧ࢆᮃࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡇ࡜
࡞ࡢ࡛㸪ᮏ᮶࡞ࡽ୙ᖾ࡞ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬᎹࡀᕳࡁ㎸ࡲ
࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡀࢧ࣮࣭ࢺ࣐ࢫ࡜ࡢ⤖፧ࢆ
ࢀࡿヨ⦎ࢆ㸪ࡣࡽࡣࡽࡋ࡞ࡀࡽぢᏲࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ
ᢎㅙࡍࢀࡤࡑࡇ࡛≀ㄒࡀ⤊ࢃࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡓࡵ㸪
࡜ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋṧᛕ࡞ࡇ࡜࡟స⪅ࡣ㸪⚾ࡀࡇ
࣮ࣝࣉࡍࡿࣉࣟࢵࢺࢆ㥑ືࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪
ࢀࡽࡢ㎞࠸ሙ㠃ࢆㄞࡴ๓࠿ࡽ㸪୍᫬ⓗ࡞ⱞࡋࡳ
ࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡀࢧ࣮࣭ࢺ࣐ࢫ࡜⤖፧࡛ࡁ࡞࠸⌮⏤
ࢆ୚࠼ࡽࢀࡿᙼዪࡀ㸪࣮࣌ࢪࢆ 3 ᯛࡶࡵࡃࡽ࡞
࡜㸪ᮃࡲࢀ࡞࠸ồ፧⪅࡛࠶ࡿࢡࣟࣇࢶࢆⓏሙࡉࡏ
࠸࠺ࡕ࡟☜ᐇ࡟ᩆࢃࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆㄳࡅྜࡗ࡚ࡋ
ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᚲせ࡟࡞ࡿࡢࡔࠋ
ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࠋⓑ≧ࡍࡿࡀ㸪⚾ࡣస⪅࡟ᑐࡋ
ྠࡌࣉࣟࢵࢺࡀఱᗘࡶ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡉࢀࡿᒎ㛤࡟ࡶ࠿
࡚⊛Ⅿ࡟⭡ࡀ❧ࡗࡓࠋᙼࡀ⚾࠿ࡽࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⏑⨾
࠿ࢃࡽࡎㄞ⪅ࢆ㣬ࡁࡉࡏ࡞࠸ࡢࡣ㸪㏆௦ࣜ࢔ࣜࢬ
࡞ᝒࡋࡳࢆዣࡗࡓ࠿ࡽࡔࠋ
㸦Essay 25̽26㸧
࣒ᑠㄝࡢ㠃┠㌍ዴࡓࡿ㸪ᫎ⏬ⓗ࡜ゝࡗ࡚ࡶ࠸࠸࡯
࡝┿࡟㏕ࡗࡓሙ㠃ᥥ෗ࡸᚰ⌮ᥥ෗ࡢ࠾࠿ࡆ࡛ࡶ࠶
࡞࡟ࡸࡽࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡢࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ
ࡿࠋ୍౛࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࢡࣟࣇࢶࡀ࣓࢖ࢻࡢᡭᘬࡁ࡛
࡟࠶ࡽ࠿ࡌࡵ᭩ࡁ㎸ࡲࢀࡓ㸪⣲┤࡛ឡࡍ࡭ࡁㄞ⪅
ࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡢᐷᐊ࡟ᚸࡧ㎸ࡳ㸪ᙼዪࢆࣞ࢖ࣉࡋ
ࡓࡕࢆᛮࢃࡏࡿពぢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠾ࡑࡽࡃࡇࡢࣃࣥࣇ
ࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿሙ㠃ࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ
ࣞࢵࢺࡢⴭ⪅ࡣ㸪స⪅ࡀ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢ❶ࢱ࢖ࢺࣝ࡟
㎸ࡵࡓ⓶⫗࡟Ẽ࡙ࡁࡣࡋ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ᭱
ឡ࡟ྲྀࡾ៰࠿ࢀࡓࢡࣟࣇࢶࡣ㸪⋓≀ࡢ඲㌟ࢆぢ
⤊❶ࡢࢱ࢖ࢺࣝࡣࡇ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࠕ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ㄡ࡟
࡚ྲྀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ࣋ࢵࢻࡢ⬥ࡢ᪉࡟㢦
ࡶண᝿ࡋᚓ࡞࠸ෆᐜࢆ཰ࡵࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ
ࢆྥࡅ࡚ᶓࡓࢃࡿᙼዪࡣ㸪∦ᡭࡢୖ࡟㢌ࢆࡶࡓ
Ꮉࡀ࠸࠿࡟ࡋ࡚㸪⨾ᚨࢆᏲࡿࡓࡵࡢᩘࠎࡢዧ㜚ࡢ
ࡏ࠿ࡅ㸪⬚ࢆࡣࡔࡅ࡚㸪᥃ࡅᕸᅋࢆ࠾⭡ࡢ࠶ࡓ
ᯝ࡚࡟㸪ࡘ࠸࡟኱ࡗࡨࡽ࡟⏨࡜࣋ࢵࢻࢆඹ࡟ࡍࡿ
ࡾࡲ࡛㝆ࢁࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᙼࡀ┠࡟ࡋࡓ㨱ἲࡢࡼ
࡟⮳ࡗࡓ࠿ࡢᥥ෗࡛࠶ࡿࠖ
㸦History 2: 313; bk. 4, ch.
࠺࡟⨾ࡋ࠸ጼែࡣ㸪㞃⪅ࡢ⬚࡟ࡍࡽḧᮃࡢⅆࢆ
11㸧
ࠋࡇࡢసရࡣ㸪స⪅ࡶㄞ⪅ࡶඛࡀㄞࡵࡿᒎ㛤࡟
࡜ࡶࡍࡢ࡟༑ศࡔࡗࡓ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᒇᩜࡢ୰ࡣ㟼
Ᏻᚰࡋ࡚஌ࡗ࠿ࡗ࡚㐍ࡳ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ணᐃㄪ࿴࠿ࡽ᫬
ࡲࡾ㏉ࡾ㸪
࠶ࡓࡾ୍㠃ࢆỿ㯲ࡀそࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ
࠾ࡾ㐓⬺ࡍࡿㄒࡾࡢ࠸ࡓࡎࡽࡸࣜ࢔ࣝ࡞ᚰ⌮ᥥ෗
⮬ศࡢ⾑ࡀ⬦ᡴࡘࡈ࡜࡟㸪௒ࡇࡑ⤯ዲࡢᶵ఍ࡔ
ࢆᴦࡋࡴࡓࡵࡢᑠㄝ࡞ࡢࡔࠋ
࡜ᛮ࠸▱ࡽࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ⨾ᚨ࡜↓ᇈࢆయ⌧
⣠ษᆺࡢᒎ㛤࡟㝗ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ≀࡜ࡶࡋ࡞࠸ࡇࡢᑠ
ࡋࡓᙼዪࡢጼ࡟ࡣ㸪ఱ࠿㏆ᐤࡾࡀࡓ࠸ጾཝࡀ
ㄝ࡟ࡩࡉࢃࡋࡃ㸪ࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡀฟዑࡋ࡚௨㝆ࡢ
࠶ࡗ࡚㸪ᙼࡢẼຊࡣⴎ࠼ጞࡵࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡋ࠿
ᤄヰࡢෆᐜࡣ㸪ᇶᮏⓗ࡟௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࣉࣟࢵࢺࡀ
ࡶࡇࡢ௻࡚ࡢ࠾ࡒࡲࡋࡉࡀ࠶ࡲࡾ࡟㩭᫂࡟㢌࡟
ఱᗘࡶ࣮ࣝࣉࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡔࡅࡔࠋ
ᾋ࠿ࡪࡢ࡛㸪ᙼࡣࡋࡤࡽࡃఱࡶ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡲࡲ㸪
┠ㄽぢࢆᐇ⾜ࡏࡎ࡟ࡇࡢࡲࡲᘬࡁୗࡀࢁ࠺࠿࡜
ࠑᨺᾉࡍࡿࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡀ୍⩌ࡢேࠎ࡟ฟ఍
ᛮ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ࡜ࡇࢁࡀ㸪ࡲࡔ᥃ࡅᕸᅋ࡟そࢃࢀ
࠺ࠒЍࠑᅽಽⓗ࡟⨾ࡋ࠸ᐜጼࢆᣢࡘࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵ
࡚࠸ࡿ⨾ࡋ࠸యࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡓ࠸࡜࠸࠺ហ࠿࡞ዲወ
ࢺ࡟ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉෆࡢዪᛶࡶ⏨ᛶࡶ㨩஢ࡉࢀ㸪ᙼዪ
ᚰ࡟㥑ࡽࢀࡓᙼࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ⛬ᗘ࡞ࡽ⨾ዪࢆ┠ぬࡵ
ࢆḼ㏄ࡍࡿࠒЍࠑࢢ࣮ࣝࣉෆࡢ⏨ᛶࡢ୍ேࡀ
ࡉࡏࡣࡋ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࡜ุ᩿ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋᙼࡣ࣋ࢵ
ࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࡜ࡢᛶ஺ࢆᮃࡴࠒЍࠑࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵ
ࢻࡢ⬥࡟㏆࡙ࡁ㸪㞷ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ⓑ࠸ஙᡣ࡟࢟ࢫࢆ
ࢺࡀࡑࢀࢆᣄ⤯ࡍࡿࠒЍࠑࢢ࣮ࣝࣉෆࡢዪᛶࡓ
ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡍࡿ࡜⿬ษࡾ⪅ࡢᡭࡀ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ࡅࡋ
ࡕࡀࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࢆ⹢ᚅࡍࡿࠒЍࠑࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵ
࠿ࡽࡠ᣺ࡿ⯙࠸ࢆጞࡵࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ࠺ࡗ࡜ࡾࡍࡿ
ࢺࡣ㏨ஸࡍࡿ࠿ᩆฟࡉࢀ࡚ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࢆ㞳ࢀࡿࠒ
࡯࡝⨾ࡋ࠸య࡟ゐࢀࡓ㏵➃㸪ᙼࡢ୰ࡢ⇞࠼ࡸࡍ
࠸㒊ศࡀ୍Ẽ࡟⇞࠼ୖࡀࡾ㸪ࢃࡎ࠿࡟ṧࡗ࡚࠸
ࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡢฟዑࡢࡁࡗ࠿ࡅ࡜࡞ࡿࣞࢹ࢕࣭
ࡓᙼࡢ⨾ᚨࡶ㸪ᙼዪࡢ↓ᇈࡉ࡬ࡢ⏽ࢀࡶ㸪ࡇࡢ
ࣂ࢘ࣥࢸ࢕ࣇࣝࡢᒇᩜ࡛ࡢ୕ゅ㛵ಀࡢᤄヰࡶ㸪ᐇ
⾜Ⅽࢆ༝ࡋࡃᛮ࠺Ẽᣢࡕࡶᾘ࠼ཤࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡲ
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬࡢ≀ㄒ࠘̿̿ࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘࡜
ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢸ࢕࠘࡜ࢆࡘ࡞ࡄᛀࢀࡽࢀࡓᑠㄝ
35
ࡋࡓࠋᙼࡣࡑࡗ࡜࣋ࢵࢻࡢୖ࡟஌ࡿ࡜㸪∦ᡭࢆ
ࡇ࡬⾜ࡗ࡚ࡳࡿ࡜㸪
࠶࠶࠾ࡒࡲࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜㸟 㖟⣒
ᙼዪࡢ㢌ࡢୗ࡟⁥ࡾ㎸ࡲࡏ㸪ᙼዪࡀࡶࡀ࠸ࡓ᫬
ࡢ่⧆ࢆ࡯࡝ࡇࡋࡓ㇦ໃ࡞⤱ࡢ໬⢝╔ጼࡢࡈ୺
࡟ᢲࡉ࠼ࡘࡅࡸࡍ࠸యໃࢆྲྀࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ
ࡑࡢ᫬㸪
ேᵝࡀ୰࠿ࡽ㣕ࡧฟࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ
╀ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ↓ᇈ࡞ፉࡀ┠ࢆぬࡲࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋᙼ
⚾ࡣᝒ㬆ࢆୖࡆ࡚ᐷᗋࡢ࡯࠺࡬ࠋࢪ࣮ࣦࣕ࢕
ዪࡣ෶ࡲࡌ࠸ᝒ㬆ࢆୖࡆࡿ࡜㸪ᙉጮ㨱ࡢ⭎ࢆ⣲
ࢫࡉࢇࡶᝒ㬆ࢆୖࡆࡿ࡜㸪࠶ࡢேࡣ㸪㦁ࡀ࡞ࡅ
᪩ࡃ᣺ࡾ࡯࡝ࡁ㸪࣋ࢵࢻࡢ཯ᑐഃ࡬㣕ࡧࡢࡁࡲ
ࢀࡤఱࡶࡋ࡞࠸㸪ࡔࡀ㦁࠸ࡔࡽ㸪࡝࠺࡞ࡗ࡚ࡶ
ࡋࡓࠋ
ࠕఱ࡚ࡇ࡜㸟 ࠶࠶⚄ᵝ㸪
࠾Ᏺࡾࡃࡔࡉ࠸㸟
▱ࡽ࡞࠸ࡒ㸪࡛ࡍࡗ࡚ࠋ
㹙͐㹛
ࠋẼ࡙ࡃ࡜㸪ᙼࡢ
࠸ࡗࡓ࠸ㄡ࡛ࡍ㸪ࡇࢇ࡞↓♩࡞ࡇ࡜ࢆࡍࡿࡢ
ᡭࡀ⚾ࡢ⬚ࢆࡲࡉࡄࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᛼࠼࡞ࡀࡽࡶࡑ
ࡣ㸟ࠖ
㸦History 1: 249̽50; bk. 2, ch. 3㸧
ࢀ࡟Ẽ࡙ࡃ࡜㸪ࡶ࠺⚾ࡣṚ࡟ࡑ࠺࡟࡞ࡾ㸪ࡓࡵ
ᜥࢆࡘ࠸࡚ྉࡧኌࢆ࠶ࡆ㸪ࡑ࠺ࡋ࡚Ẽࢆኻ࠸ࡲ
ࡇࡢሙ㠃ࡢࣜ࢔ࣝ࡞ᥥ෗ࡣ㸪
ࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘
ࡋࡓࠋ
㸦ࣜࢳ࣮ࣕࢻࢯࣥ; Richardson 62̽63㸧
࡟࠾࠸࡚୺ேබࢺ࣒ࡢᜊேࢯࣇ࢕࢔࣭࢙࢘ࢫࢱࣥ
㸦Sophia Western㸧ࡀ㈗᪘ࡢ㟷ᖺ࡟ࣞ࢖ࣉࡉࢀ࠿ࡅ
ࣃ࣑ࣛࡢⱝ୺ேࡀ᭹ࢆ⬺ࡄᙼዪࢆࢡ࣮ࣟࢮࢵࢺ
ࡿሙ㠃ࡉ࠼ࢻࢱࣂࢱ႐๻࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢ࡜ࡣ኱
ࡢ୰࠿ࡽࡌࡗ࡜ぢࡘࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵ
㐪࠸ࡔ㸦ࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢹ࢕ࣥࢢ 4: 23̽24; Fielding; bk.
ࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࡛࠘ࡣࢡࣟࣇࢶ㟷ᖺࡀ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ࡑࡢ
15, ch. 5㸧
ࠋ
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘࡟ఱᗘ࠿⌧
⫼ᚋ࡛ࡣ㏱᫂࡟࡞ࡿᖗᏊࢆ࠿ࡪࡗࡓస⪅ࡀ㸪
ࢀࡿ࣏ࣝࣀࢢࣛࣇ࢕࣮ࡲࡀ࠸ࡢࣞ࢖ࣉᮍ㐙ሙ㠃ࡣ㸪
ࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡢᐷጼࢆจどࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࠋ
ࡴࡋࢁࣜࢳ࣮ࣕࢻࢯࣥࡢࠗࣃ࣑ࣛ࠘ࢆᛮࢃࡏࡿࠋ
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡢ㏆௦ࣜ࢔ࣜࢬ࣒ᑠ
ẚ㍑ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࠗࣃ࣑ࣛ࠘࠿ࡽ㸪୺ேබ࡛࠶ࡿⱝ࠸
ㄝⓗ࡞ᚰ⌮ᥥ෗ࢆ㸪ࡶ࠺ᑡࡋ㏣ࡗ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋࢡࣟ
ྊ౑࠸ࡢፉࣃ࣑ࣛ㸦Pamela㸧ࡀ㸪ᐙᨻ፬㛗ࡢࢪ࣮ࣕ
ࣇࢶ㟷ᖺࡣࣞ࢖ࣉᮍ㐙஦௳ᚋࡶࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡢఫ
ࣦ࢕ࢫ㸦Mrs. Jervis㸧࡜ඹྠࡢᐷᐊ࡛╀ࢁ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚
ࡴᒇᩜ࡟ᅾࡋ⥆ࡅ㸪ࢧ࣮࣭ࢺ࣐ࢫ࡜ࢡࣟࣇࢶࡢ
࠸ࡿ᫬㸪ࢡ࣮ࣟࢮࢵࢺ࡟ᚸࡧ㎸ࢇ࡛࠸ࡓᒇᩜࡢⱝ
஧ே࠿ࡽྠ᫬࡟ḧᮃࡉࢀࡿࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡣᝏክ࡟
୺ே࡟ࣞ࢖ࣉࡉࢀࡑ࠺࡟࡞ࡿሙ㠃ࢆᘬ⏝ࡋ࡚ࡳࡿࠋ
࠺࡞ࡉࢀࡿࠋᙼዪࡢᝏክࡢᥥ෗ࡣ㸪⌧௦ࡢㄞ⪅࡟
ࣇࣟ࢖ࢺⓗ࡞ゎ㔘ࢆಁࡉࡎ࡟ࡣ࠾࠿࡞࠸ࠋ
ࠕࡋࡗ㸟 ࢪ࣮ࣦࣕ࢕ࢫࡉࢇ㸪
ࢡ࣮ࣟࢮࢵࢺࡢ୰
࡛ఱ࠿㡢ࡀࡋࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓ࠿ࠖࢪ࣮ࣦࣕ࢕ࢫࡉ
ᙼዪࡣ⮬ศࡀᜍࢁࡋ࠸ᒾࡔࡽࡅࡢᓴࡢࡩࡕ࡟࠸
ࢇࡣ㸪
ࠕ࠸࠸ࡸ㸪࣊ࣥ࡞Ꮚࡔࡡ㸟 ࠸ࡘࡶࣅࢡࣅ
ࡿࡢ࡟Ẽ࡙ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋᓴ௨እࡢ࿘ᅖࡣⲈ࡟ྲྀࡾ
ࢡࡋࡓࡾࡋ࡚㸟ࠖ
ࠕ࠸࠼㸪࡛ࡶ㸪ఱ࠿࢝ࢧ࢝ࢧ࡜
ᕳ࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᓴࡢୗ࡟ࡣ㸪༓ᑜࡢ㇂ࡢᗏ࡟
࠸࠺㡢ࡀ⪺ࡇ࠼ࡲࡋࡓ㸟̿̿ࠖ࡜⚾ࠋ
ࠕࢿࢥ࡛ࡶ
୙Ẽ࿡࡞†ࡀぢ࠼ࡲࡍࠋᙼዪࡣ෶ࡲࡌ࠸᩿ᓴ⤯
࠸ࡿࢇࡌࡷ࡞࠸࠿࠸㸪⚾࡟ࡣ⪺ࡇ࠼࡞࠸ࡼࠖ࡜
ቨࡢඛ➃࡟❧ࡕ㸪ࣁࣜࢣ࣮ࣥࡢࡼ࠺࡟྿ࡁⲨࡪ
ࢪ࣮ࣦࣕ࢕ࢫࡉࢇࠋ
㢼࡟࠶࠾ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛㸪࠸ࡘ┿ࡗ㏫ࡉࡲ࡟㌿
⚾ࡣཱྀࢆࡘࡄࡳࡲࡋࡓࡀ㸪ࢪ࣮ࣦࣕ࢕ࢫࡉࢇ
ࡆⴠࡕ࡚ࡶ࠾࠿ࡋࡃ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ㊊ඖࡢᆅ㠃ࡣ
ࡣ㸪
ࠕࡶ࠺᪩ࡃᐷࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࢻ࢔ࡀ㛢ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ
ᔂࢀ࠿࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡘ࠿ࡲࢀࡑ࠺࡞≀ࡣ㸪࡜
࠿࡝࠺࠿ぢ࡚࠾ࡃࢀࠖ࡜࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡿࡢ࡛㸪⚾ࡣ
ࡆࡔࡽࡅࡢⲈࡋ࠿࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋⲈࢆࡘ࠿ࡶ࠺࡜
ᡞ⥾ࡲࡾࢆ☜ㄆࡋ㸪ࢡ࣮ࣟࢮࢵࢺࡢ୰ࡶぢ࡚ࡳ
ࡍࡿࡓࡧ࡟㸪࡜ࡆࡀᡭࡢࡦࡽࢆᘬࡁ⿣ࡁࡲࡍࠋ
ࡼ࠺࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࡀ㸪ࡑࢀ௨ୖఱࡶ㡢ࡣ⪺ࡇ࠼
ࡑࡢ⪏࠼㞴࠸ⱞࡋࡳࡶ㸪ᜍࢁࡋ࠸ᓴ࠿ࡽⴠࡕࡿ
࡞࠸ࡋ㸪ᚲせ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮࡗ࡚ᐷᗋ࡟ᡠࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ
ࡼࡾࡣࡲࡋ࡞ࡢ࡛㸪ᙼዪࡣⲈࢆࡋࡗ࠿ࡾࡘ࠿ࡶ
➃࡟⭜᥃ࡅ࡚᭹ࢆ⬺ࡂጞࡵࡲࡋࡓࠋ
㹙͐㹛
ࠋࢥࣝ
࠺࡜ࡋࡲࡍࠋࡑࢇ࡞ᝒ᝺࡞≧ἣ࡛ᩘศ㛫᱁㜚ࢆ
ࢭࢵࢺࢆࡣࡎࡋ㸪
ࢫࢺࢵ࢟ࣥࢢ࡜࢞࢘ࣥࢆ⬺ࡂ㸪
⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ᝏ࠸ࡇ࡜࡟㸪ࢡࣟࣇࢶẶ
ୗ╔ࡔࡅ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡳࡿ࡜㸪ࡲࡓ࢝ࢧ࢝ࢧ࡜ࢡ
࡜ࢧ࣮࣭ࢺ࣐ࢫࡀᙼዪࡢ࡯࠺࡟㥑ࡅᐤࡗ࡚ࡃࡿ
࣮ࣟࢮࢵࢺ࡛㡢ࡀࡍࡿࠋ⚾ࡣ㸪
ࠕ⚄ᵝ㸪࠾Ᏺࡾࡃ
ࡢࡀぢ࠼ࡲࡋࡓࠋ஧ே࡜ࡶᢤࡁ㌟ࡢ๢ࢆ᣺ࡾ࠿
ࡔࡉ࠸㸟 ࡛ࡶ࠾♳ࡾࡍࡿ๓࡟ࢡ࣮ࣟࢮࢵࢺࡢ
ࡊࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪஧ேࡢ⾲᝟ࡸືࡁ࠿ࡽᐹࡍࡿ࡟㸪
୰ࢆぢ࡚ࡳ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣࠖ࡜ゝࡗ࡚ࡣࡔࡋࡢࡲࡲࡑ
ࡑࡢ๢ࢆᙼዪࡢ⬚࡟ࡄࡉࡾ࡜✺ࡁ่ࡍࡘࡶࡾࡢ
36
ෆ⏣ ຾
ࡼ࠺࡛ࡍࠋ
ᙼዪࡣ࠸ࡘ่ࡋẅࡉࢀࡿ࠿ࡶ▱ࢀࡎ㸪
࡞࡝ࢆ୺ேබ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࣔࣀࡢどⅬ࠿ࡽ═ࡵࡓ㒔ᕷ
㑊ࡅࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࢀࡤ㸪ᓴୗࡢ῝ῡ࡟㌿ⴠࡏࡊࡿࢆ
ࡢே㛫ࡓࡕࡢ⏕άࢆㅕ่ⓗ࡟ᥥࡃᑠㄝ⩌࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ᚓࡲࡏࢇࠋࡑࡢ᫬㸪ㄡ࠿ࡀྉࡪኌࡀ⪺ࡇ࠼ࡲࡋ
⚾ࡣ௨๓㸪ࣔࣀㄒࡾ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢඛ⾜◊✲ࡢ㆟ㄽࢆ
ࡓࠋ㏨ࡆࢁ㸪㏨ࡆࢁ㸪ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬᎹ㸪࡛࡞࠸࡜࠾
௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡟せ⣙ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
ࠕ18 ୡ⣖࢖ࢠ
๓ࡣ⤊ࢃࡾࡔࠋ
㸦History 2: 34̽35; bk. 3, ch. 3㸧
ࣜࢫࡢࣔࣀㄒࡾࡢ୰࡛ࡣ㸪
㸦1㸧ࣔࣀࡢຊ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚
㝵ᒙࢆ㉸࠼࡚ὶືࡍࡿࣄࢺ㸪
㸦2㸧㧗⣭ရ࠿ࡽᗫᲠ
ࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡢᝒ㬆ࢆ⪺࠸࡚㥑ࡅࡘࡅ㸪ᙼዪ࠿ࡽ
≀࡬࡜ᚎࠎ࡟౯್ࢆୗⴠࡉࡏ࡞ࡀࡽὶືࡍࡿࣔࣀ㸪
ᝏክࡢヰࢆ⪺࠸ࡓౝዪࡢ࣐࣮ࢪ࣮ࣕࣜࡣ㸪⌧௦ㄞ
㸦3㸧
ࣄࢺ࡜ࣔࣀ࡟ὶືᛶࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ὶືࡍࡿ
⪅࡟ࡼࡿࣇࣟ࢖ࢺⓗゎ㔘ࡢጇᙜࡉࢆᨭᣢࡍࡿ࠿ࡢ
࢝ࢿ㸪
࡜࠸࠺୕⪅ࡀືࡁᅇࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࣄࢺࡣࡳ࡞㸪
ࡼ࠺࡟㸪᣺ࡾ࠿ࡊࡉࢀࡓ๢ࡣ࣌ࢽࢫࡢ㇟ᚩࡔ࡜࡯
♫఍㝵ᒙࡢ୍ဨ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡢࡳᏑᅾព⩏
ࡢࡵ࠿ࡍࠋ
ࠕ࡞ࢇࡔ㸪ࡑࢇ࡞ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍ࠿ࠋ⚾ࡣ࡚ࡗ
ࢆつᐃࡉࢀࡿ㸪↓ಶᛶ࡞Ꮡᅾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࣔࣀࡸ࢝ࢿ
ࡁࡾ࠾஧ேࡢ࡝ࡕࡽ࠿ࡀ㸪๢ࡔ࠿௚ࡢఱࡔ࠿࡛࠾
ࡣ㒔ᕷࡢෆ㒊ࢆᎰࠎ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡉࡲࡼ࠸㸪
ࡑࡢ㐣⛬࡛㸪
Ꮉᵝࢆ✺ࡁ่ࡋ࡟ࡁࡓ࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࡼࠖ
㸦History
ࣄࢺ࡝࠺ࡋࡢ㛵ಀࡢ⿬࡟ാࡃᦢྲྀ࣭ᭀຊ࣭◚ቯ࡜
2: 36; bk. 3, ch. 3㸧
࠸ࡗࡓ㸪㒔ᕷࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡢᬯ㒊ࢆ┠ᧁࡍࡿࠖ
㸦ෆ
సရ඲యࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚㸪୺ேබࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡣ⏨ᛶ
⏣,ࠕࣔࣀࡀㄒࡿࠖ22㸧
ࠋ
ࡓࡕࡢᨭ㓄ḧࡸዪᛶࡓࡕࡢ⚾฼⚾ḧ࡟⩻ᘝࡉࢀࡿ
㧗⣭ရࡔࡗࡓእዓࡀࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞⏨ࡓࡕ࡟╔ࡽࢀ
ᙅ࠸Ꮡᅾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ஦ែࢆᡴ㛤ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟⮬ࡽ⾜ື
ࡿ࠺ࡕ࡟⪁ᮙ໬ࡋ࡚᭱ᚋࡣࢦ࣑࡟࡞ࡿࠗ㯮እዓࡢ
ࡍࡿ⮬⏤ࡣ㸪ᇶᮏⓗ࡟୚࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ⮬ࡽࡢ
ෑ㝤࠘
㸦1760㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪እዓࡢ⏕ᾭ࡜፛፬ࡢ⏕ᾭ
ពᚿ࡛ᒇᩜࢆฟዑࡍࡿሙ㠃ࢆ㝖ࡅࡤ㸪ᙼዪࡣ୙ᖾ
ࡀ୪⾜ࡋ࡚ㄒࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪ࣔࣀㄒࡾࡢ୺ேබ࡛
࡟࡞ࡿ᫬ࡶᖾ⚟࡟࡞ࡿ᫬ࡶ㸪௚ேࡢពᚿ࡟ᚑࢃࡉ
࠶ࡿ⪁ᮙ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃၟရࡓࡕࡣ㸪ே㛫࡛࠶ࡾ࡞ࡀ
ࢀࡿࡤ࠿ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡽ࠶ࡓ࠿ࡶၟရ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ྲྀᘬࡉࢀ㸪ㄡ࠿
ⱥᩥᏛ◊✲⪅ࡢࢧ࢖࣭ࣔࣥࢹ࢕ࢵ࣮࢟㸦Simon
ࡢᡤ᭷≀࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᆅ఩࡟⏑ࢇࡌࡿ㐠࿨࡟࠶ࡗࡓᙜ
Dickie㸧ࡣ㸪ࡇࡢ᫬௦ࡢ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ࡛ὶ⾜ࡋࡓ㸪ᨺ
᫬ࡢዪᛶࡓࡕࡢ㇟ᚩ࡜ࡋ࡚౑ࢃࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ
ᾉࡍࡿᝏඪࡀ⤒㦂ࡍࡿ⁥✍࡞ฟ᮶஦ࢆୗရ࠿ࡘ㝧
ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ஦᝟ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮
Ẽ࡟ㄒࡿᑠㄝࡢࢧࣈࢪࣕࣥࣝࢆ
ࠕࣛࣥࣈ࣭ࣝࣀࣦ࢙
ࢬ࠘ࢆㄞࡴ࡜㸪ࡇࡢᑠㄝࡀ㸪ಽ㘒ࡋࡓ⾲⌧ࡔࡀࠕே
ࣝࠖ
㸦ramble novels㸧࡜࿧ࡧ㸪ዪᛶࢆ୺ேබ࡜ࡋࡓ
㛫ࢆ୺ேබ࡜ࡋࡓࣔࣀㄒࡾࠖࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᛮ࠼࡚ࡋࡲ
ࣛࣥࣈ࣭ࣝࣀࣦ࢙ࣝࡢ౛࡜ࡋ࡚㸪፛፬ࡸዪඃࡢఏ
࠺ࡢࡔࠋᅽಽⓗ࡞⨾ㇺ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ேࠎ࠿
グ࡜࠸࠺タᐃ࡛᭩࠿ࢀࡓᑠㄝ⩌࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪࡞ࢇ࡜
ࡽྍឡࡀࡽࢀࡓࡾḧᮃࡉࢀࡓࡾࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ࢙࣮࢘ࣝ
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡢྡࢆᣲࡆ࡚࠸ࡿ
ࢬ࠿ࡽࣟࣥࢻࣥ࡬࡜㐢Ṕࡍࡿࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡢ≀ㄒ
㸦Dickie 104–05㸧
ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ࡶࡗࡥࡽ௚ேࡢពᚿ࡟
࡟ࡣ㸪ྍឡ࠸ឡ⋵≟ࡀࣟࣥࢻࣥࡢࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞㝵ᒙ
⩻ᘝࡉࢀࡿࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡢ୺ேබ
ࡢேࠎࡢ㛫࡛ྲྀᘬࡉࢀ࡚㐢Ṕࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪᫬࡟ࡣ⹢
࡟ࡣ㸪ࢹ࢕ࢵ࣮࢟ࡀ⤂௓ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ௚ࡢዪᛶ∧ࣛࣥ
ᚅࡉࢀࡓࡾ㣗࡭ࡽࢀࡑ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡾ࡜࠸ࡗࡓヨ⦎
ࣈ࣭ࣝࣀࣦ࢙ࣝࡢࡼ࠺࡞㸪㤿㌴ࡢᚚ⪅࡜႖ვࡋࡓ
ࢆ⤒㦂ࡍࡿࠗࢳࣅ≟࣏ࣥࣆ࣮≀ㄒ࠘
㸦The History of
፛፬ࡀ㸪ᚚ⪅ࡢ㨆ࢆዣ࠺࡜ࡑࡢ୰࡟ᨺᒀࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ
Pompey the Little: or, the Life and Adventures of a
㨆ࢆᚚ⪅ࡢ㢦࡟྇ࡁࡘࡅࡿ̿̿࡜࠸ࡗࡓୗရ࡛㝧
Lap-Dog, 1751㸧࡟㏆࠸ࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ≉࡟ࣟࣥࢻࣥ
Ẽ࡞ࣦ࢓࢖ࢱࣜࢸ࢕ࡣᚤሻࡶឤࡌࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ୺ே
࡟ฟ࡚ࡁࡓࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࢆᚅࡕཷࡅࡿ㸪ᙼዪࢆ㦄
බࡀ⮬ࡽࡢពᚿ࡛⾜ື࡛ࡁࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆ࡯ࡰዣࢃࢀ
ࡋ࡚ᦢྲྀࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿᝏேࡓࡕࡣ㸪ࣔࣀㄒࡾ࡟㢖
࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡢᑠㄝࢆ㸪ࣛࣥࣈ࣭ࣝࣀࣦ࢙ࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ
ฟࡍࡿ඾ᆺⓗ࡞㒔఍ࡢᝏே࡟㏆࠸ᥥ࠿ࢀ᪉ࢆࡋ࡚
࠼ࡿࡢ࡟ࡣ↓⌮ࡀ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡴࡋࢁࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡣ㸪ࡸࡣࡾ
ࡋ࠿ࡋࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡀእዓࡸឡ⋵≟࡜Ỵᐃⓗ࡟
ࡇࡢ᫬௦࡟ὶ⾜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠕࣔࣀㄒࡾࠖ
㸦it-narratives㸧
㐪࠺ࡢࡣ㸪ࡓ࡜࠼⾜ືࡢ⮬⏤ࢆ୚࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞ࡃ
࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿᑠㄝࡢࢧࣈࢪࣕࣥࣝࢆᛮࢃࡏࡿࠋࡇࢀ
࡚ࡶ㸪⮬ศࡢᛮ࠸ࢆⓎゝࡍࡿ⮬⏤ࡣ୚࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸
ࡣே㛫௨እࡢື≀ࡸ⾰᭹࣭ᩥᡣල࣭㔠㖹࣭஌ࡾ≀
ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡔࠋ
ᗊㆤ⪅ࣞࢹ࢕࣭ࣂ࢘ࣥࢸ࢕ࣇࣝ࠿ࡽ㸪
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬࡢ≀ㄒ࠘̿̿ࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘࡜
ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢸ࢕࠘࡜ࢆࡘ࡞ࡄᛀࢀࡽࢀࡓᑠㄝ
37
⮬ศࢆࣞ࢖ࣉࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡋࡓࢡࣟࣇࢶ࡜⤖፧ࡍࡿࡼ
࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀ࡞ࡽ࡞ࡐ㸪௚ࡢ⏨ᛶ࠿ࡽࡢ㐨⌮࡟
࠺㏕ࡽࢀࡓࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡣ㸪⮬ࡽࡢᑛཝࢆᏲࡿࡓ
࠿࡞ࡗࡓồ፧࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࡢ㸽 ࡶࡋࡶ
ࡵ࡟㸪ᩒ࠼࡚ᗊㆤ⪅࡟ཱྀ⟅࠼ࡍࡿࡔࡅࡢຬẼࢆ
኱ᑚࡀ⚾ࡢࡇ࡜ࢆࡑࢇ࡞㢼࡟࠾⪃࠼࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸
ᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡿ࡞ࡽ㸪ᙼࡢồឡ࡟ᛂࡌ࡞࠸࡞ࢇ࡚㢌ࡀ࠾࠿ࡋ
࠸࡜㸪ୡ㛫ࡢேࡣᛮ࠺ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ┦ㄯ࡛ࡁࡿேࡣ
ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬᎹࡣᑡࡋẼⰍࡤࢇ࡛ゝ࠸㏉ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ
ㄡࡶ࠸࡞࠸ࠋㄡ࠿࡟┦ㄯࡋ࡚ࡳࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛㸪ࡇ
ࠕࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࡶࡋᝏேࡀ⚾ࡢᑛཝࢆዣ࠾࠺࡜ࡋࡓ
ࢇ࡞᭷ࡾ㞴࠸⏦ࡋฟࢆཷࡅࡿࡢࢆࡓࡵࡽ࠺࡞ࢇ
ࡽ㸪⚾ࡣᝏព࡟‶ࡕࡓヮ⣴ዲࡁ࡞ୡ㛫ࡢẼࡲࡄ
࡚࠾࠿ࡋ࠸࡜ゝ࠺ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ࡛ࡶ⚾࡟ࡣ኱ᑚࢆឡ
ࢀࢆ‶㊊ࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪ᑗ᮶ࡢᏳࡽ࠿࡞ᬽࡽࡋ
ࡏ࡞࠸ࠋឡࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ே࡜⤖፧ࡍ࡭ࡁࡔࢁ࠺
ࢆ≛≅࡜ࡋ࡚෽㎯⪅࡟ᤝࡆ㸪ᙼࡢ㑧ᝏ࡞┠ㄽぢ
࠿㸽 ୡ㛫ࢆ‶㊊ࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪
࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࡃࡔࡽ
࡬ࡢ〔⨾࡜ࡋ࡚㸪⚾⮬㌟ࢆ୚࠼࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞
࡞࠸ὴᡭ࡞ᬽࡽࡋࢆᡭ࡟ධࢀࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪⮬ศࢆ
࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࡡࠋࣞࢹ࢕࣭ࣂ࢘ࣥࢸ࢕ࣇࣝ㸪⚾࡟ࡣ㸪
᝺ࡵ࡟ࡍ࡭ࡁ࡞ࢇࡔࢁ࠺࠿㸽 ࠸࠸࠼㸪
ࡑࢀࡣ㥏
⨾ᚨࡸྡኌࢆಖࡘࡓࡵ࡟ࡑࢇ࡞ᒅ㎯ࡀᚲせࡔ࡞
┠ࠋࡑࢇ࡞ࡢࡣྜἲⓗ࡞኎᫓࡟ࡍࡂ࡞࠸ࠖ
ࢇ࡚ᛮ࠼ࡲࡏࢇࠋ⚾ࡀࡲࡿ࡛༝ࡋ࠸㌟ศࡢ፛፬
㸦History 2: 219̽20; bk. 4, ch. 5㸧
࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㥆ࢀ㥆ࢀࡋࡃ㏆࡙࠸࡚ࡃࡿ⏨
ᛶࡢࡇ࡜࡞࡝㸪㍍⶜ࡍ࡭ࡁࡔ࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
⤖ᒁࡇࡢ㏞࠸ࡣ㸪ࣉࣛ࢖ࢫ኱ᑚ࡟ࡼࡿࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵ
⮬ศࡢᚰࢆ‶㊊ࡉࡏࡓ࠸࡜࠸࠺Ẽᣢࡕࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ
ࢺࡢࣞ࢖ࣉᮍ㐙஦௳࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ゎᾘࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ
࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ᐀ᩍࡶᖖ㆑ࡶ㸪⚾ࡀბഇࡾࡢ࡞࠸
ูࡢୗᐟ࡟⛣ࡾ㸪ୖရ࡞᭹ᆅᒇࡢዪᛶࡢᗑ࡛௙
ᮏ≀ࡢឡ᝟ࢆឤࡌࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸⏨ᛶ࡜⤖፧
஦ࢆᡭఏ࠺ࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡣ㸪ᙼዪ࠿
ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ⚗ࡌ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠖ
㸦History 1: 292̽93; bk.
ࡽᐑᘐ࡟ࡶฟධࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㧗㱋ࡢᨻ἞ᐙࢆ⤂௓ࡉ
2, ch. 6㸧
ࢀ㸪ࡇࡢ⪁ேࡢᒇᩜ࡟ዊබࡉࡏ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞
ࡿࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇࡇࡇࡲ࡛ఱᗘࡶ࣮ࣝࣉࡍࡿࣉࣟࢵࢺ
⏕άࢆᏳᐃࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ࡟ឡࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸┦ᡭ࡜⤖
࡟௜ࡁྜࡗ࡚ࡁࡓㄞ⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚㸪ࡇࡢᨻ἞ᐙࡀⱝ
፧ࡍ࡭ࡁ࠿ྰ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࢸ࣮࣐ࡣ㸪ฟዑᚋ࡟㌟ඖࢆ
ࡃ⨾ࡋ࠸ࢧ࣮࣭ࣜࢹ࢕ࢣࣥࢬ㸦ࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡢࣟ
㞃ࡋ࡚ࣟࣥࢻ࡛ࣥᬽࡽࡋጞࡵࡓࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡀ㸪
ࣥࢻ࡛ࣥࡢഇྡ㸧࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ఱࢆồࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡣ᫂
ᖺ཰ 2000 ࣏ࣥࢻࡢ⿱⚟࡞㟷ᖺࣉࣛ࢖ࢫ኱ᑚ࡟ࡋ
ࡽ࠿ࡔࠋࡓ࠸࡚࠸ࡢㄞ⪅ࡢண᝿㏻ࡾ㸪⪁ᨻ἞ᐙࡢ
ࡘࡇࡃồឡࡉࢀࡿሙ㠃࡛෌ࡧྲྀࡾୖࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋᯝ
ᒇᩜࢆゼࢀࡓࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡀ㒊ᒇ࡛ᙼ࡜஧ேࡁࡾ
ࡓࡋ࡚ࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡀࣉࣛ࢖ࢫ኱ᑚ࡜⤖፧ࡍ࡭ࡁ
࡟࡞ࡿ࡜㸪㧗㈗࡞⪁ேࡢែᗘࡣ୍ኚࡍࡿࠋ
࠿࡝࠺࠿㸪
స⪅ࡣㄞ⪅ࡓࡕ࡜ㄽதࢆጞࡵ
㸦History 2:
211̽12; bk. 4, ch. 4㸧
㸪ࢧ࣮࣭ࢺ࣐ࢫ࡬ࡢឡ࡜ࣉࣛ࢖
ࠕ࠾๓ࡣ⏨ࡓࡕࢆ༑ศ࡟㐲ࡊࡅ࡚࠾࠿࡞ࡅࢀࡤ
ࢫ኱ᑚࡢ⣙᮰ࡍࡿ⤒῭ⓗᏳᐃ࡜ࡢ㛫࡛㏞࠺ࢩ࣮ࣕ
࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࡼࠋ
࠶ࡾࡢࡲࡲࡢ࠾๓ࡣ㸪
ያࡽࡼࡾࡎࡗ
ࣟࢵࢺ⮬㌟ࡣ㸪௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡟⊂ⓑࡍࡿࠋ
࡜ඃࢀࡓே㛫࡞ࢇࡔ࠿ࡽࡡࠋ⏨࡟యࢆゐࡽࡏࡓ
ࡾ࢟ࢫࡉࡏࡓࡾࡍࡿࢇࡌࡷ࡞࠸ࡒࠋࡑࢇ࡞ࡇ࡜
ࠕ࠶ࡢ᪉㹙ࢧ࣮࣭ࢺ࣐ࢫ㹛ࡀ⚾ࢆ┿๢࡟ᛮࡗ࡚
ࢆ⮬⏤࡟ࡉࡏࢀࡤ㸪⏨ࡣ࠾๓࡟ᩗពࢆᡶࢃ࡞ࡃ
ࡃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿࡞ࢇ࡚㸪
ࡶ࠺࡝࠺࡛ࡶ࠸࠸ࠋ
࡞ࡗ࡚㸪࠾๓ࡢጾಙࡣᔂࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡋ㸪࠾๓ࡢ
࠶ࡢ᪉ࢆឡࡍࡿࢃࡅ࡟ࡣ࠸࠿࡞࠸ࢇࡔࡶࡢࠋ࡛
⨾ᚨࡶ࠸ࡘࡢ㛫࡟࠿ᦆ࡞ࢃࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࢇࡔࠖ⪁
ࡶ㥏┠ࠋ㥏┠ࠋ㍍⋡࡞࠶ࡢ᪉ࡢ᝟⇕ࡀ㸪⚾ࢆࡇ
ேࡣ⮬ศࡢ᳔Ꮚࢆᙼዪࡢ㏆ࡃ࡟ᘬࡁᐤࡏࡲࡋࡓࠋ
ࢇ࡞༴㝤࡟ࡉࡽࡍࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡔࡅࢀ࡝㸪⚾
ࠕࢧ࣮ࣜࡸ㸪࠾๓ࡀࡇࡢྍឡࡽࡋ࠸ᡭࢆ⏨࡟ᥱ
ࡢᚰࡣ࠶ࡢ᪉ࡢឡࡋ࠸ᛮ࠸ฟ࡛࠸ࡗࡥ࠸࡛㸪௚
ࡽࡏࡓ࡞ࢇ࡚ࡇ࡜ࢆ⪺࠸ࡓࡽ㸪⚾ࡣᝒࡋࡃ࡞ࡿ
ࡢ⏨ᛶࡢࡇ࡜࡞ࢇ࡚⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ࡛ࡶࡶ࠺㸪
ࡔࢁ࠺ࡼࠋ
࠾๓ࡢᡭࡣ⚾ࡔࡅࡢࡶࡢ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࠖ
࠶ࡢ᪉ࢆᮃࢇ࡛ࡶ↓㥏ࠋ࠶ࡢ᪉ࡢឡࢆཷࡅධࢀ
ᙼࡣ⓾ࡔࡽࡅࡢ୧ᡭ࡛ᙼዪࡢᡭࢆᥱࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ
ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ࡜ࡣỴࡋ࡚ࡋ࡞࠸࡜⣙᮰ࡋࡓࢇࡔ࠿
ᙼዪࡣࡇࢀ࠿ࡽఱࡀ㉳ࡁࡿࡢ࠿ศ࠿ࡽࡎ㸪ࡓࡔ
ࡽࠋ⩏ົ࡜⨾ᚨࡀ㸪࠶ࡢ⣙᮰ࢆሀࡃᏲࢀ࡜࿨ࡌ
⪁ேࢆぢࡘࡵ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ
ࠕ⚾ࡢឡࡋ࠸㸪ឡࡋ࠸
38
ෆ⏣ ຾
ࢧ࣮࣭ࣜࢹ࢕ࢣࣥࢬ͐͐ࠋࡇࡢྍឡ࠸▖ࡀぢࡘ
࠸ࡗ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠋࡑ࠺ࡍࢀࡤ⚾ࡣ㸪ேࢆ㦄ࡋ࡚
ࡵ࡚࠸࠸ࡢࡣ⚾ࡔࡅࡔࠋࡑࢀ࡟㸦ஙᡣࡢ࠶ࡓࡾ
㝗ࢀࡿഇࡢ཭ேࡓࡕࡢ⨜࡟࠿࠿ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࡞ࡃ㸪
ࢆᣦ࡛㍍ࡃࡘࡘࡁ࡞ࡀࡽ㸧ࢻ࢟ࢻ࢟㬆ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ
ே㛫ࡢጼࢆࡋࡓ᛹≀ࡓࡕࡢᭀຊ࡟ᒅࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ
ࡇࡢྍឡࡽࡋ࠸⬚ࡶ㸪࠾๓ࡢ∗ࡉࢇ௨እ࡟ゐࡽ
࡞ࡃ㸪ࡇࢀ࡯࡝ࡢᝏ࡟ᰁࡲࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸⻅ேࡓࡕ
ࡏࡕࡷࡔࡵࡔࡼࠋࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࡇࡢ㸪ྍឡ࠸࠶ࢇࡼ
ࡢ㛫࡛㸪Ύࡽ࠿࡞⏕άࢆ㏦ࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠖ
ࡶ㸦ᒅࡳࡇࢇ࡛ᙼዪࡢ∦㊊࡟ゐࢀ࡞ࡀࡽ㸧
㸪ࡳࢇ
㸦History 2: 253̽54; bk. 4, ch. 7㸧
࡞⚾ࡢᐙ㈈㐨ලࡔࠋ௚ࡢㄡࡢࡶࡢ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࠋࡑ
࠺ࡔࡡ㸽 ⚾ࡢྍឡ࠸ࢹ࢕ࢣࣥࢬࠋࡲࡗࡓࡃࡑ
ᨻ἞ᐙࡢ጖࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᩿ࡾ㸪ዊබࡢᙜ࡚ࡶ࡞
ࡢ㏻ࡾ࡞ࢇࡔࠋࡑࢀ࠿ࡽ㊊ࡢୖࡢࡇࡢ࠶ࡓࡾࡶ
࠸ࡲࡲ㈋❓ࡋ࡚೉㔠ࡀᡶ࠼࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵ
㸦Ῐࡽ࡞୧ᡭࢆ࣌ࢳࢥ࣮ࢺࡢ୰࡟⁥ࡾ㎸ࡲࡏ㸧
㸪
ࢺ࡟ᑐࡋ㸪ඃࡋ࠿ࡗࡓୗᐟࡢዪᑗࡸ᭹ᆅᒇࡢዪࡣ
⚾ࡀࡍ࡭࡚ࢆゐࡾ㸪ぢ࡚㸪ࡑࡋ࡚̿̿ࠖ⪁ேࡣ
ែᗘࢆ୍ኚࡉࡏࡿࠋࡘ࠸࡟മົ⪅␃⨨ᡤ࡟ධࢀࡽ
࠶ࡲࡾ࡟⣲᪩ࡃࡋࡷ࡭ࡾ㸪ື࠸ࡓࡢ࡛㸪㢌ࡢ୰
ࢀࡓࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡢ๓࡟᭹ᆅᒇࡢዪࡀ⌧ࢃࢀ㸪⪁
ࡀ┿ࡗⓑ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ⨾ࡋ࠸ፉࡣఱࡶ࡛ࡁࡲࡏࢇࠋ
ᨻ἞ᐙ࠿ࡽࡢᡭ⣬ࢆΏࡍࠋࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡀ⮬ศࡢ
⪁ேࡀ⊷ࡢࡼ࠺࡟༝ࡋ࠸⾜Ⅽࢆ⥆ࡅ㸪⭸ࡢዟࡢ
጖࡟࡞ࡿ࡞ࡽࡍࡄ࡟㔘ᨺࡋ࡚ࡸࢁ࠺࡜࠸࠺ෆᐜ
㠐ୗ␃ࡵ࡟ࡲ࡛ᡭࢆఙࡤࡋࡓ᫬㸪ࡼ࠺ࡸࡃᙼዪ
ࡔࡗࡓࠋ⮬ᕫࡢᑛཝࢆၟရࡢࡼ࠺࡟ྲྀᘬࡍࡿࡇ࡜
ࡣ⾪ᧁ࠿ࡽᡃ࡟㏉ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋᙼዪࡣ᳔Ꮚ࠿ࡽ❧
ࢆ㏕ࡽࢀࡓࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡣ㸪⮬ࡽࡢᙅ࠸❧ሙࢆ㢳
ࡕୖࡀࡿ࡜㸪⪁࠸ࡓዲⰍ₎ࢆ✺ࡁ㣕ࡤࡋࡲࡍࠋ
ࡳࡎ㸪⊛Ⅿ࡟཯ᧁࡍࡿࠋ
⪁ேࡣ௮ྥࡅ࡟ಽࢀ㸪ᬮ⅔ࡢ⅔᱁Ꮚ࡟⃭ࡋࡃ㢌
ࢆࡪࡘࡅࡲࡋࡓࠋ
㸦History 2: 249̽50; bk. 4, ch. 7㸧
ࡇࡢᡭ⣬ࢆㄞࡳ㸪ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬᎹࡢ▖ࡣᛣࡾ࡛ࡂࡽ
ࡾ࡜ගࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛ክ࡟ࡶᛮࢃ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ
∗ぶࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᑛᩗࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ⪁ᨻ἞ᐙ࠿ࡽ㸪࠿ࡃࡶ
஦ᐇ࡟㸪ࡓࡗࡓ௒Ẽ࡙࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ᭹ᆅᒇࡢዪ
㟢㦵࡞ࢭࢡࢩ࣭ࣕࣝࣁࣛࢫ࣓ࣥࢺࢆཷࡅࡓࢩ࣮ࣕ
࡜࣐ࢵࢩ࣮ኵே㹙Mrs. Massey, ୗᐟࡢዪᑗ㹛ࡣ㸪
ࣟࢵࢺࡣ㸪⾪ᧁࢆཷࡅ࡚⪁ᨻ἞ᐙࡢᒇᩜࢆ㣕ࡧฟ
ࡇࡢᡭ⣬ࢆ᭩࠸ࡓ㑧ᝏ࡞⪁ேࡢᡭඛ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ
ࡍ࡜㸪ୗᐟࡢ㒊ᒇ࡟ᘬࡁࡇࡶࡾ㸪⮬ศࡀ⏨ࡓࡕ࡟
ᙼዪࡓࡕࡀ࠶ࢀ࡯࡝Ẽ๓ࡼࡃぶࡋࡃ஺㝿ࡋ࡚ࡃ
࡜ࡗ࡚㨩ຊⓗ࡞ዪ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࡺ࠼࡟⏨ࡓࡕ࠿ࡽཷࡅ
ࢀࡓ⌮⏤ࡶ㸪௒࡞ࡐࡇࢀ࡯࡝ࡦ࡝ࡃ㏕ᐖࡍࡿࡢ
⥆ࡅ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ᭀຊࡢ⌮୙ᑾࡉࢆჃࡃࠋ
࠿ࡶ㸪ࡇࢀ࡛᫂ࡽ࠿࡛ࡍࠋᙼዪࡣᡭ⣬ࢆᛣࡾ࡟
௵ࡏ࡚̿̿ኵே㹙᭹ᆅᒇࡢዪ㹛࡟ᢞࡆࡘࡅࡲࡋ
ࢻ࢔ࢆ㛤ࡅࡓ࣓࢖ࢻ௨እࡣ୍ᐙࡢㄡ࡟ࡶ఍ࢃࡎ㸪
ࡓࠋ
ࠕࡇࢀࡀ࠶࡞ࡓࡢ௰௓ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡛ࡍ࠿㸟 ࡇࢀ
ᙼዪࡣࡑࡢࡲࡲୖࡢ㝵࡟࠶ࡿ⮬ศࡢ㒊ᒇ࡟ࡇࡶ
ࡀ⚾ࡀ㔘ᨺࡉࢀࡿ᮲௳ࡔ࡜ゝ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ࠶࡞
ࡿ࡜㸪ࡇࡽ࠼ࡁࢀ࡞࠸ᝒࡋࡳ࡟ᡴࡕᔂࢀ㸪⁘἗
ࡓࡣዪᛶࡢ᜝㸪
ៅࡳ῝ࡉ࡬ࡢ㠃ởࡋ࡛ࡍ㸟 ᜝ࡎ
ࡢᾦࢆὶࡋࡘࡘ㸪ᙇࡾ⿣ࡅࡑ࠺࡞⬚ࢆ᣺ࡾ⤠ࡗ
࠿ࡋࡃ࡞࠸࡛ࡍ࠿㸪ࡇࡢఱᖺࡶ㑧ᝏ࡞⾜Ⅽࢆ௰
࡚ࡇ࠺Ⴣࡃࡢ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ
ࠕ࠶࠶⚄ᵝ㸪࡝࠺ࡋ࡚⚾ࡢ
௓ࡋ࡚㸪⨾ᚨ࡜↓ᇈࢆ◚⁛ࡉࡏ࡚ࡁࡓ࡞ࢇ࡚㸟
ᐜጼࡣ㸪ぢࡿேࠎࡍ࡭࡚࡟ࡇࢀ࡯࡝ୗຎ࡞ḧᮃ
࠶࡞ࡓࢆ㞠ࡗࡓ⪁࠸ࡓ໬ࡅ≀ࡢ࡜ࡇࢁ࡬⾜ࡗ࡚
ࢆᥙࡁ❧࡚࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸽 ⚾ࡢఱẼ࡞
ఏ࠼࡞ࡉ࠸ࠋ⚾ࡣᙼࡢ༝ࡋ࠸⏦ࡋฟࢆ㸪ᚰࡢᗏ
࠸㌟ࡢࡇ࡞ࡋࡀ㸪ᆅ఩ࡶᖺ㱋ࡶẼ㉁ࡶ㛵ಀ࡞ࡃ
࠿ࡽ㍍⶜ࡋࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡢ⨾ᚨࡣ㸪ᙼࡢࡼ࠺࡞༝ຎ
࠶ࡽࡺࡿ⏨ᛶࢆࡑࡑࡢ࠿ࡋ࡚㸪༝ຎ࡞⾜ື࡟ྥ
₎࡟ㄏᝨࡉࢀࡓࡃࡽ࠸࡛ࡣࡄࡽࡘࡁࡲࡏࢇࠋ⚾
࠿ࢃࡏࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿㸽 ࡇࢀ࡯࡝ࡲ࡛࡟Ẋ᪉
ࡀ࡞ࡐ㎞࠸┠࡟㐼ࢃ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ࠿㸪⌮
ࡢམ࠺࡭ࡁ᝟⇕࡟ⱞࡋࡵࡽࢀࡿࡢࡀ㸪ࡶࡋࡶ⚾
⏤ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓࡢࡣ࠸࠸ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ࠶࡞ࡓࡢࡼ࠺
ࡢࡏ࠸࡞ࡽ㸪࡝࠺࠿⚾ࢆ៯ࢀࢇ࡛ࡃࢀࡿኳ౑ࢆ
࡞ᛶ᰿ࡢ⭉ࡗࡓዪᛶ࡟ࡣ㸪ࡓ࡜࠼࠶࡞ࡓࢆ㞠ࡗ
㐵ࢃࡋ࡚㸪⚾ࡀᑡࡋ࡛ࡶᏳࡽࡂࢆᚓࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺
ࡓᝏ㨱ࡢ࿚࠸ࡢຊࢆ೉ࡾࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛㸪฿ᗏ⚾ࢆ
࡟㸪ࡢ࡝࠿࡛⣧₩࡞⏕άࢆ㏦ࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪⚾ࡢ
ⱞࡋࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡞࡝࡛ࡁࡲࡏࢇࠋ࠶࡞ࡓࡀ୚࠼ࡿ
ᝏ࠸࡜ࡇࢁࢆ┤ࡋ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠋࡑ࠺࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤ
ヨ⦎࡞࡝㸪⚾ࡣ㝧Ẽ࡟⪏࠼࡚ࡳࡏࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑ
࠸ࡗࡑ⚾ࢆ㸪࡝ࡇ࠿ே㔛㞳ࢀࡓⲨᆅ࡟㐃ࢀ࡚
ࢀࡣ⚾ࡢ↓ᇈࢆᏲࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾ㸪႐ࡧࢆ୚࠼࡚
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬࡢ≀ㄒ࠘̿̿ࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘࡜
ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢸ࢕࠘࡜ࢆࡘ࡞ࡄᛀࢀࡽࢀࡓᑠㄝ
39
ࡃࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠋ㏫࡟࠶࡞ࡓࡢࡼ࠺࡟⚄ࢆ⏽
Wetmore㸧ࡀ⡆₩࡟せ⣙ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸦Wetmore
ࢀࡠယࢀ࡞ே㛫ࡇࡑࡀ㸪⤊ࢃࡾࡢ࡞࠸ⱞᝎ࡜ᚋ
4̽6㸧
㸪2002 ᖺࡢࢺ࣐ࢫ࣭࣮࣐࣮࢟࡟ࡼࡿࢫࢱ࣮ࣥ
᜼࡟ࡉࡽࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠖ
㸦History 2: 276–77; bk. 4,
ㄽ㸦Keymer㸧ࡀࡁࡗ࠿ࡅ࡜࡞ࡾ㸪
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭
ch. 8㸧
ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘
ࢆࡣࡌࡵ࡜ࡍࡿ 1750 ᖺ௦ᑠㄝࡀഛ࠼࡚
࠸ࡓࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࢕࠘࡟㏻ࡌࡿ࣓ࢱ
⪁ᨻ἞ᐙࡢᡭඛ࡜࡞ࡗࡓዪᛶࡓࡕ࡟ࡼࡿ㝜‵࡞࠸
ࣇ࢕ࢡࢩࣙࣥᛶࡀぢ┤ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋඛ㏙
ࡌࡵࡢᥥ෗ࢆ㛗ࠎ࡜ㄞࢇ࡛ࡁࡓᙜ᫬ࡢㄞ⪅ࡣ㸪ࡇ
ࡋࡓࢡࣜࢫࢸ࢕࣮ࢼ࣭ࣛࣉࢺࣥ࡟ࡼࡿࠕࢃࡅ▱ࡾ
ࡇ࡛኱࠸࡟⁀㣧ࢆୗࡆࡓࡇ࡜ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋᖾ࠸ࢩ࣮ࣕ
㢦ࡢᮏࠖ
㸦knowing books㸧࡜࠸࠺ᴫᛕࡶ㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋ
ࣟࢵࢺ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡇࡢᑐỴࡀ᭱ᚋࡢ㜚࠸࡜࡞ࡾ㸪ᢞ
ࡓືࡁࡢ୍⎔࡜ࡋ࡚ᥦၐࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
⊹ᑍ๓࡟ᩆࢃࢀࡓᙼዪࡣ㸪࠶࡜ࡣ࠶ࡽ࠿ࡌࡵ⏝ព
ⱥᩥᏛ◊✲⪅ࡢࢫࢥࢵࢺ࣭ࣈࣛࢵࢡ㸦Scott Black㸧
ࡉࢀࡓࣁࢵࣆ࣮࢚ࣥࢹ࢕ࣥࢢ࡟ྥ࠿ࡗ୍࡚┤⥺࡟
ࡣ㸪᫖௒ࡢࢫࢱ࣮ࣥ◊✲⪅ࡀࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕ
✺ࡁ㐍ࡴࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ
ࣥࢹ࢕࠘࡬ࡢྠ᫬௦ᑠㄝࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ㔜どࡋࡍࡂࡿഴ
⤒῭ຊ࡟≀ࢆゝࢃࡏ࡚ᙼዪࢆ⮬ศࡢᡤ᭷≀࡟ࡋ
ྥࢆᢈุࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࠕࡶࡋࡶࢫࢱ࣮ࣥࡀ㸪ࢭࣝࣂࣥ
ࡼ࠺࡜┠ㄽࡴ⏨ᛶࡓࡕࡢ⌮୙ᑾ࡞ᨭ㓄ḧ࡟ᚭᗏⓗ
ࢸࢫ࠿ࡽ 18 ୡ⣖ேࡀᏛࢇࡔࡢ࡜ྠࡌࡇ࡜ࢆࡋ࡚
࡟ᢠ࠸㸪ᮏᙜ࡟ឡࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ࡛ࡁࡿ┦ᡭ࡜⤖፧ࡍ
࠸ࡓ࡜ࡍࡿ࡞ࡽ㸪ࢫࢱ࣮ࣥ⮬㌟ࡢࢭࣝࣂࣥࢸࢫⓗ
ࡿࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡣ㸪ᙜ᫬ࡢዪᛶㄞ⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚៿ࢀ
࡞㐟ࡧࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡢ࡟㸪ࢫࢱ࣮ࣥࡢ㞄ேࡓࡕࡢᐇ
ࡢࣄࣟ࢖ࣥ࡟࡞ࡾᚓࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋࡇࡢ
㦂ࢆᣢࡕฟࡍᚲせࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ※Ἠ࠿ࡽ┤᥋྾཰࡛ࡁ
ᑠㄝࡀᅜቃࢆࡲࡓ࠸࡛࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃㅖᅜ࡛ேẼࢆᚓ
ࡿࡶࡢࢆ㸪ࢃࡊࢃࡊ᫬௦⢭⚄࠿ࡽ྾཰ࡍࡿᚲせࡣ
ࡓ⛎ᐦࡣ㸪ࡑࡇ࡟࠶ࡿࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ
࡞࠸ࡢࡔ࠿ࡽࠖ
㸦Black 871㸧
ࠋࣈࣛࢵࢡ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘
ࢆྵࡵࡓ㸪
࣐ࣦ࢛࣮ࣜ
ࡑࡶࡑࡶࠕ
ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࢕࠘ࡣᑠㄝ
ࡢ࣐ࠗࣜࣖࣥࢾࡢ⏕ᾭ࠘ࡢᙳ㡪ୗ࡟࠶ࡿᏙඣᑠㄝ
㹙novel㹛࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠖ
㸦869㸧࡜࠸࠺ࠋᑠㄝ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸
࡜࠸࠺ࢧࣈࢪࣕࣥࣝࡣ㸪18 ୡ⣖ᚋ༙ࡢ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ࡛
ࡢࡔ࠿ࡽ㸪ࡇࡢసရࢆྠ᫬௦ࡢᑠㄝྐࡢ୰࡟఩⨨
ࡣ㸪ࣇࣛࣥࢩࢫ࣭ࣂ࣮ࢽ࣮㸦Frances Burney, 1752–
࡙ࡅࡿᚲせࡣ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺㊃᪨࡛࠶ࡿࠋୡ⏺ᩥᏛྐ
1840㸧ࡢࠗ࢖ࣦ࣮ࣜࢼ࠘
㸦Evelina; or The History of a
ࡢ୰࡛ࡶ㔜せ࡞ᑠㄝࡢ୍ࡘ࡟ᩘ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡢከ
Young Lady’s Entrance into the World, 1778㸧࡞࡝ࡢస
࠸ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࢕࠘ࡀ㸪ᑠㄝ࡛࡞࠸
ရ⩌࡟ཷࡅ⥅ࡀࢀ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋᮏ✏
࡜ࡣ࠸ࡗࡓ࠸࡝࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡞ࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ
࡛ࡣ୺࡟࣓ࢱࣇ࢕ࢡࢩࣙࣥⓗ࡞ㄒࡾࡢᢏἲ࡟╔┠
ⱥㄒᅪ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᑠㄝㄽࡣ㸪
ࠕࣀࣦ࢙ࣝࠖ
㸦novel㸧
ࡋ࡚㸪
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࢆࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙ
࡜࠸࠺ⱥ༢ㄒࡀ㸪ᗈ࠸ព࿡࡛ࡣࠕᩓᩥ࡟ࡼࡿ⹫ᵓ
ࣥࢬ࠘࡜ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࢕࠘ࢆࡘ࡞ࡄ
సရ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᑠㄝ඲⯡ࠖ
㸦prose fiction㸧ࢆᣦࡋ㸪⊃
ᑠㄝ࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ㄒࡽࢀࡓ≀ㄒࡢࢸ࣮࣐
࠸ព࿡࡛ࡣ
ࠕ࠿ࡘ࡚ 18 ୡ⣖࡟࢖ࢠࣜࢫ࡛ຨ⯆ࡋࡓ
࡟╔┠ࡍࢀࡤ㸪
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࢆࠗࣃ
࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ㏆௦ࣜ࢔ࣜࢬ࣒ᑠㄝࠖࢆᣦࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ
࣑ࣛ࠘࡜ࠗ࢖ࣦ࣮ࣜࢼ࠘ࢆࡘ࡞ࡄᑠㄝ࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼
࠺ࡓࡵ࡟㸪ⱥㄒᅪ௨እࡢே㛫࠿ࡽぢࢀࡤ↓㥏࡜ࡋ
ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࡛ࡁࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ
࠿ᛮ࠼࡞࠸ΰ஘ࢆࡁࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋሙྜ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣ
ྠࡌᩥ❶ࡢ୰࡛ࠕࣀࣦ࢙ࣝࠖ࡜࠸࠺༢ㄒࡀᗈ࠸ព
熋熄
˧΍ιϒσΙΞϑ΋δϒΐ˨͇˧ΞπΏΞοζϑ
΍ιωΝ͹˨͆↙墝ᾭ┒̣
࿡࡛౑ࢃࢀࡓࡾ⊃࠸ព࿡࡛౑ࢃࢀࡓࡾࡍࡿࡢ࡛㸪
ᑠㄝㄽࡢⴭ⪅ࡀࠕࣀࣦ࢙ࣝࠖ࡜࠸࠺༢ㄒࢆ౑࠺ࡓ
ࡧ㸪ㄞ⪅ࡢഃࡣ㸪
ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࢕࠘࡟
࠾ࡅࡿࠕ㰯ࠖ࡜࠸࠺༢ㄒࡢ᭕᫕࡞ᐃ⩏㸦vol. 3, ch. 31㸧
ࢆᛮࢃࡏࡿព࿡ࡢ㏞ᐑ࡟ᅃࢃࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢࡔࠋ
௒ୡ⣖࡟ධࡗ࡚࠿ࡽࡢࢫࢱ࣮ࣥ◊✲ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ௦
ྠ᫬௦ࡢᕷẸ♫఍࡟⏕ࡁࡿಶேࡢ⤒㦂ࢆࣜ࢔ࣝ
⾲సࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࢕࠘ࡢฟ⌧ࢆ㸪ྠ
࡟ᥥࡁฟࡍᑠㄝ࡜࠸࠺㸪
⊃࠸ព࿡࡛ࡢ
ࠕࣀࣦ࢙ࣝࠖ
᫬௦ࡢὶ⾜ᑠㄝࡢᩥ⬦࡟఩⨨࡙ࡅࡿഴྥࡀᙉ࠸ࠋ
ࡢ⏝ἲࢆᐃ╔ࡉࡏࡓࡢࡣ㸪ࢲࢽ࢚࣭ࣝࢹࣇ࢛࣮
ⱥᩥᏛ◊✲⪅ࡢ࢔ࣞࢵࢡࢫ࣭࢙࢘ࢵࢺࣔ࢔㸦Alex
㸦Daniel Defoe, 1660㸽̽1731㸧㸪ࢧ࣑࢚࣭ࣗࣝࣜ
40
ෆ⏣ ຾
ࢳ࣮ࣕࢻࢯࣥ㸪࣮࣭࣊ࣥࣜࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢹ࢕ࣥࢢ࡜࠸
ⱥㄒ௨እࡢゝㄒ࡛᭩࠿ࢀࡓࡶࡢࡀ 4 ศࡢ 1 ࠿ࡽ 3
࠺ 3 ேࡢ኱సᐙࡢసရࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚࢖ࢠࣜࢫ࡟ࠕࣀ
ศࡢ 1 ࢆ༨ࡵࡿ࡜࠸࠺㸦374㸧
ࠋ
ࣦ࢙ࣝࠖࡀຨ⯆ࡋࡓ࡜୺ᙇࡍࡿ㸪࢖࢔࣭ࣥ࣡ࢵࢺ
ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࢕࠘ࡀࣀࣦ࢙࡛ࣝࡣ࡞
㸦Ian Watt㸧ࡢⴭ᭩ࠗᑠㄝࡢຨ⯆࠘
㸦The Rise of the
࠸࡜ゝ࠺ࢫࢥࢵࢺ࣭ࣈࣛࢵࢡࡀ㸪ࡇࡢసရࢆ࡝࠺
Novel, 1957㸧ࡔࡗࡓࠋห⾜ᚋ༙ୡ⣖௨ୖࢆ⤒ࡓ⌧
ࢪࣕࣥࣝศࡅࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡜ゝ࠼ࡤ㸪ࢭࣝࣂࣥࢸࢫ
ᅾ㸪࣡ࢵࢺࡢ⊃ⱞࡋࡃ࡚❓ᒅ࡞ࠕࣀࣦ࢙ࣝࠖほ࡟
࡟⏤᮶ࡍࡿ႐๻ⓗ࣐ࣟࣥࢫ㸦comic romance㸧࡟㸪
ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᢈุࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࡤⱥᩥᏛ
18 ୡ⣖࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸ࢪ࡛ࣕࣥࣝ࠶ࡿ㸪ᯫ✵ࡢ
◊✲⪅ࡢఀ⸨ㄋࡣ㸪࣡ࢵࢺࡢㄝࢆࠕ୍஑ୡ⣖௨㝆
࢟ࣕࣛࢡࢱ࣮ࡀ᭩࠸ࡓ࡜࠸࠺タᐃ࡛Ⓨ⾲ࡉࢀࡿ
࡟ᐃᆺ໬ࡋࡓ୍㒊ࡢᑠㄝ࠿ࡽᢳฟࡉࢀࡓᑠㄝᴫᛕ
࢚ࢵࢭ࢖ࢆ⼥ྜࡉࡏࡓࡶࡢ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ
ࢆ㭐㹙ࡠ࠼㹛ࡢࡈ࡜ࡁ୍ඵୡ⣖ᑠㄝ࡟ᢲࡋࡘࡅࡿ
㸦Black 871㸧ࠋᙜ᫬ࡢᐃᮇห⾜≀࡟ᥖ㍕ࡉࢀࡓ
࢔ࢼࢡࣟࢽࢬ࣒ࠖ࡜୍ย୧᩿ࡍࡿ㸦ఀ⸨ 9, ゅᣓ
࢚ࢵࢭ࢖࡛ࡣ㸪➹⪅ࡀᐇྡ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃᯫ✵ࡢ࢟ࣕࣛ
ᘼෆࡣཎᩥࡢࣝࣅ㸧
ࠋࡉࡽ࡟ఀ⸨ࡣࠗᑠㄝࡢຨ⯆࠘
ࢡࢱ࣮ࢆタᐃࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ࢟ࣕࣛࢡࢱ࣮ࡀㄒࡿ࡜࠸࠺
࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡇ࠺᭩࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࠕࡶࡋࡇࡢᮏࡢࢱ࢖ࢺࣝ
ᙧ࡛ᩥ❶ࢆⓎ⾲ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸ࠋ
ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛ
ࡀࠗ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ㏆௦ࣜ࢔ࣜࢬ࣒ᑠㄝࡢຨ⯆࡛࠘࠶ࢀ
ࢩࣕࣥࢹ࢕࠘࡜࠸࠺సရࢆ㸪స⪅ࢫࢱ࣮ࣥࡀ₇ࡌ
ࡤ㸪➹⪅࡟࡜ࡃ࡟␗ㄽࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ࣡ࢵࢺࡢᑠㄝࡢᐃ
ࡿࠕࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒ࣛࠖ࡜࠸࠺࢟ࣕࣛࢡࢱ࣮ࡀ᭩࠸ࡓ
⩏ࡀ࠶ࡲࡾ࡟ࡶ⊃࠸ࡢࡀ୙‶࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ᑠㄝ
㹙ࣀ
࢚ࢵࢭ࢖࡜ᤊ࠼ࡿࡢࡣ㸪
☜࠿࡟⯆࿡῝࠸ㄝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࣦ࢙ࣝ㹛ࢆ㸪ୡ⏺࡟ඛ㥑ࡅ࡚㏆௦໬ࡋࡓ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ
ࡓࡔࡋࡇࡇ࡛ᛮ࠸ฟࡍ࡭ࡁ࡞ࡢࡣ㸪ࡑࡶࡑࡶⱥㄒ
࡟ᅛ᭷ࡢࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚⪃࠼ࡿጼໃ࡟ᅜ⢋ⓗ࡞ໝ࠸ࡉ
ᅪ௨እࡢேࠎࡀ⪃࠼ࡿ
ࠕᑠㄝࠖ
࡜࠸࠺ࢪࣕࣥࣝࡣ㸪
࠼ࡍࡿࠖ
㸦ఀ⸨ 14, ゅᣓᘼෆࡣཎᩥࡢࣝࣅ㸧
ࠋ
ࢭࣝࣂࣥࢸࢫࡢࠗࢻ࣭࣮ࣥ࢟࣍ࢸ࠘ࡢࡼ࠺࡞႐๻
ㄒࡾᡭࡢࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࢕࡜࠸࠺⏨ࡀ
ⓗ࣐ࣟࣥࢫࡶ㸪ᯫ✵࢟ࣕࣛࢡࢱ࣮࡟ࡼࡿ࢚ࢵࢭ࢖
⮬ศࡢ༙⏕ࢆㄒࡿ࡜ᐉゝࡋࡘࡘ㸪
ࠕవィ࡞ࡇ࡜ࠖࢆ
ࡶ㸪ࡍ࡭࡚ྲྀࡾ㎸ࢇ࡛ࡋࡲ࠼ࡿ࡯࡝ไ⣙ࡢᑡ࡞࠸
ㄒࡿ⬺⥺ࡤ࠿ࡾࡋ୍࡚ྥ࡟ヰࡀඛ࡟㐍ࡲ࡞࠸ࠗࢺ
ࢪࣕࣥࣝࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡔࠋ
ࠕ㭐ࡢࡈ࡜ࡁ୍ඵୡ⣖ᑠ
ࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࢕࠘࡜࠸࠺సရࡣ㸪᫂ࡽ࠿
ㄝࠖ
㸦ఀ⸨ 9㸧࡜ࡣゝ࠸ᚓ࡚ጁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ႐๻ⓗ࣐ࣟ
࡟ࠕᑠㄝ࡛ࠖࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ᕷẸ♫఍ࢆࣜ࢔ࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ
ࣥࢫ࡜ᯫ✵࢟ࣕࣛࢡࢱ࣮࡟ࡼࡿ࢚ࢵࢭ࢖ࢆ⼥ྜࡉ
ᡭἲ࡛ᥥ࠸ࡓ⊃࠸ព࿡࡛ࡢࠕࣀࣦ࢙࡛ࣝࠖ࠶ࡿ࠿
ࡏࡓసရࡣ㸪ⱥㄒᅪ௨እ࡛ࡣ㌋㌉࡞ࡃࠕᑠㄝࠖ࡜
࡝࠺࠿ࡣ㆟ㄽࡢศ࠿ࢀࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋⱥᩥᏛ◊
ࡋ࡚ᢅࢃࢀࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
✲⪅ࡢࢪࣕࢵࢡ࣭ࣜࣥࢳ㸦Jack Lynch㸧ࡣ㸪ⱥㄒᅪ
ࣈࣛࢵࢡ⮬㌟ࡶ㸪ⱥㄒᅪ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕࣀࣦ࢙ࣝࠖ
ࡢ◊✲⪅ࡓࡕࡀࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࢕࠘ࢆ
࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥࡢព࿡ࡀ⊃ࡍࡂࡿࡇ࡜࡟୙‶ࢆࡶࡽࡋ
ᩥᏛྐ࡟࡝࠺఩⨨࡙ࡅࡿ࠿࡟ⱞປࡋ࡚ࡁࡓṔྐࢆ
࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࠕࡶ࠺ࡑࢁࡑࢁࣀࣦ࢙ࣝࡢ≀ㄒࢆ㸪㏆௦ࡸ
ㄒࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪
ᙼ࡟ࡼࢀࡤࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᅔ㞴ࡢῡ※ࡣ㸪
ᅜቃࡸࣜ࢔ࣜࢬ࣒࡜࠸࠺ไ⣙ࢆእࡋ࡚ᩚ⌮ࡋ┤ࡋ
ࢡࣞ࢔࣭࣮ࣦࣛࣜ㸦Clara Reeve, 1729–1807㸧ࡢᑠ
࡚ࡶ࠸࠸ࡇࢁࡔࠖ
㸦Black 869㸧
ࠋ
ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛ
ㄝㄽ࣐ࠗࣟࣥࢫࡢ㐍Ṍ࠘
㸦Progress of Romance, 1785㸧
ࢩࣕࣥࢹ࢕࠘ࡀࣀࣦ࢙࡛ࣝࡣ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺୺ᙇ࠿ࡽ
௨᮶㸪ᚑ᮶ࡢᑠㄝ࡛࠶ࡿࠕ࣐ࣟࣥࢫࠖ࡜㸪18 ୡ⣖
ጞࡲࡗࡓ㸪ࡇࡢసရࡢᩥᏛྐⓗ఩⨨࡙ࡅ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ
࡟ᬑཬࡋࡓ⌧௦ࡢᕷẸࡢ⏕άࢆࣜ࢔ࣝ࡟ᥥࡃᑠㄝ
ᙼࡢ㆟ㄽࡢ⤖ㄽࡣ㸪ࣀࣦ࢙ࣝࡀࠕ㏆௦ࣜ࢔ࣜࢬ࣒
࡛࠶ࡿࠕࣀࣦ࢙ࣝࠖ࡜ࡀูࡢࢪࣕࣥࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚⪃࠼
ᑠㄝࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡞ࡽࡑࡢὶࢀ࡜୪⾜ࡋ࡚㸪
ࠕᑠㄝ
ࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ㸦Lynch 372㸧
ࠋࣜ
඲యࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡞ࡽࡑࡢෆ㒊࡟㸪ࢭࣝࣂࣥࢸࢫ
ࣥࢳ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪
ࠕ࣐ࣟࣥࢫࠖ࡜ࠕࣀࣦ࢙ࣝࠖࢆ༊ู
ࢆᘬࡁ⥅ࡂࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࢕࠘࡟⮳ࡿ
ࡋ࡞࠸ⱥㄒ௨እࡢ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃㅖㄒࢆ౑࠺◊✲⪅࡟
⮬ᕫゝཬⓗ࡞ࢪࣕࣥࣝࡢᩥ❶ࡀᏑᅾࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࢆㄆ
࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪
ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࢕࠘ࡢᩥᏛྐ
㆑ࡍ࡭ࡁࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡔ㸦890㸧
ࠋ
ⓗ఩⨨࡙ࡅࡶⱥㄒᅪ࡯࡝ᅔ㞴࡛ࡣ࡞࠸㸦372㸧
ࠋࡑ
ࡑࡢⅬࡣࡶࡗ࡜ࡶ࡞㆟ㄽࡔࡀ㸪୍᪉࡛ࠗࢺࣜࢫ
ࡢࡏ࠸࠿㸪
ࢫࢱ࣮ࣥࢆ◊✲ࡋࡓᩥ⊩ࡣ௚ࡢ 18 ୡ⣖
ࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࢕࠘࡟ 1750 ᖺ௦ὶ⾜ᑠㄝࡀᙳ㡪
࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡢసᐙ࡟ẚ࡭࡚ᅜ㝿ᛶࡀ㧗ࡃ㸪㏆ᖺࡢࢫ
ࡋࡓྍ⬟ᛶࢆ᤼㝖ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࣈࣛࢵࢡࡢ㆟ㄽ࡟
ࢱ࣮ࣥ◊✲ᩥ⊩ࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪᪥ᮏㄒࡸ㡑ᅜㄒࡶྵࡵ࡚
ࡣ㸪୍ࡘ኱ࡁ࡞Ḟ㝗ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕ
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬࡢ≀ㄒ࠘̿̿ࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘࡜
ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢸ࢕࠘࡜ࢆࡘ࡞ࡄᛀࢀࡽࢀࡓᑠㄝ
41
ࣥࢹ࢕࠘ࡀࣀࣦ࢙࡛ࣝࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࡽྠ᫬௦ࡢࣀࣦ࢙
ࢱ࡟ࡋࡓࢶ࢖ࢵࢱ࣮࡛ࡢࡸࡾྲྀࡾ࡛┒ࡾୖࡀࢀࡿ㸪
ࣝࡢᙳ㡪࡞࡝⪃៖ࡋ࡞ࡃ࡚Ⰻ࠸࡜ࡍࡿ୺ᙇࡣ㸪
ࠗࢺ
⌧௦ࡢࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢ㠃ⓑࡀࡾ᪉ࡢឤぬ࡟㏆࠸࡜ࡶゝ
ࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࢕࠘௨እࡢᙜ᫬ࡢᑠㄝࡀ⊃
࠼ࡿࠋࡑ࠺࠸࠺㠃ⓑࡀࡾ᪉ࢆⓎぢࡋࡓࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ
࠸ព࿡࡛ࡢࣀࣦ࢙࡛ࣝࡋ࠿࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺㸪ㄗࡗ
࡚㸪
ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࢕࠘࡜࠸࠺ᑠㄝࡣ⌧
ࡓㄆ㆑ࢆ๓ᥦ࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࠋᐇ㝿࡟ࡣ㸪
ࠗࢺࣜࢫ
௦࡟ࡶ㏻⏝ࡍࡿྂ඾࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࠋ
ࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࢕࠘ࡀࠕ㏆௦ࣜ࢔ࣜࢬ࣒ᑠㄝࠖ
ⱥᩥᏛ◊✲⪅ࡢṊ⏣ᑗ᫂ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ⚽㐓࡞ࠗࢺࣜ
࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛ࡢ⣧⢋࡞ࣀࣦ࢙࡛ࣝࡣ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟㸪
ࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࢕࠘ㄽࡢ୰࡛ࡇ࠺᭩࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࢆࡣࡌࡵ࡜ࡍࡿ 1750
ࠕᩥᏛྐ࡜࠸࠺≀ㄒࡢୖ࡛ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕ
ᖺ௦ࡢὶ⾜ᑠㄝࡶ㸪༢⣧࡟ࣀࣦ࢙ࣝࡢせ⣲ࡔࡅ࡛
ࣥࢹ࢕࠘ࡣഅⓎⓗ࡞⌧㇟࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᚑࡗ࡚Ꮩ⊂࡛࠶
ฟ᮶࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮
ࡿࠋࣛࣈ࣮ࣞࡸࣂ࣮ࢺࣥ㸪ࢫ࢘࢕ࣇࢺ࡞࡝㸪㐲ࡃ
ࢬ࠘
ࡢㄒࡾᡭࡀㄞ⪅࡜஺ὶࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ
ࠕవィ࡞ࡇ࡜ࠖ
࠿ࡽࢫࢱ࣮ࣥ࡟స⏝ࡍࡿຊࡣ࠶ࡗࡓࡀ㸪ᙼ⮬㌟ࡣ
ࢆㄒࡿ㒊ศ࡟ࡣ㸪
ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࢕࠘ࡢ
┤⣔ࡢぶࡶᏊࡶᣢࡓ࡞࠸ࠖ
㸦Ṋ⏣ 110㸧
ࠋ⌧௦ࡢᢈ
ሙྜ࡜ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡟㸪ᯫ✵࢟ࣕࣛࢡࢱ࣮࡟ࡼࡿ࢚ࢵ
ホᐙ࡟㔜せ࡞సရ࡜ࡋ࡚ㄆᐃࡉࢀࡓṇ඾ࡔࡅࢆᑐ
ࢭ࢖ࡢせ⣲ࡀᑡ࡞࠿ࡽࡎΰධࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
㇟࡜ࡍࡿᩥᏛྐࡢ≀ㄒࡢ୰࡛ࡣ㸪☜࠿࡟ࡑࡢ㏻ࡾ
☜࠿࡟ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࢕࠘ࡢసရ୰
ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋྠ᫬࡟㸪⌧௦ࡢṇ඾࠿ࡽࡇࡰࢀⴠ
࡛ࡣ㸪
ࠗࢻ࣭࣮ࣥ࢟࣍ࢸ࠘ࡀఱᗘࡶゝཬࡉࢀࡿ୍᪉
ࡕࡓ㸪ᙜ᫬ࡢ࣏ࢵࣉ࣭࢝ࣝࢳ࣮࡛ࣕ࠶ࡿὶ⾜ᑠㄝ
࡛㸪ྠ᫬௦ࡢὶ⾜ᑠㄝ࡬ࡢゝཬࡣ୍ᗘࡶ࡞࠸ࠋస
ࡢศ㔝࡛ࡣ㸪⮬ᕫゝཬⓗ࡞ㄒࡾࡢᢏἲࡀࡍ࡛࡟
⪅ࢫࢱ࣮ࣥ⮬㌟ࡣ㸪ୗᡭ࡟స୰࡛Ᏻࡗࡱ࠸ὶ⾜ᑠ
╔ࠎ࡜㔊ᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥ
ㄝ࡟ゝཬࡋ࡚㸪⮬ศࡢసရࢆࡑࢀࡽ࡜ྠิ࡟⨨ࡁ
ࢹ࢕࠘ࡢฟ⌧ࡀᩥᏛྐୖࡢ✺↛ኚ␗ⓗ࡞኱஦௳࡛
ࡓࡃࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛ
࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ኚࢃࡾࡣ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪┤⣔ࡢぶࢆᣢࡓ࡞࠸
ࢩࣕࣥࢹ࢕࠘ࡣ㸪ᾋୡࢆ㞳ࢀ࡚ឤᛶࡢ࠾ࡶࡴࡃࡲ
ࡑࡢㄌ⏕ࢆ‽ഛࡋࡓ⏕࿨ࢫ࣮ࣉ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕ
ࡲ⮬⏤࡟๰సࢆ⾜࡞࠺సᐙ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ไసࡉࢀࡓⱁ
ࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࢆࡣࡌࡵ࡜ࡍࡿ⮬ᕫゝཬⓗ࡞
⾡సရ࡞࡝࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ᭷ྡ࡟࡞ࡾࡓࡃ࡚௙᪉
ᑠㄝ⩌ࡣస⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋṊ⏣
ࡀ࡞࠸⏣⯋ࡢ↓ྡసᐙ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚᭩࠿ࢀ㸪ὶ⾜࡟ᕥ
࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠕ༑ඵୡ⣖ࡢ࢟ࣥࢢ࣭ࣦ࣭࣏࢜ࢵࣉࠖ
㸦79㸧
ྑࡉࢀࡿࣟࣥࢻࣥࡢᑠㄝឡዲᐙࢆ୺࡞ࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ
࡛࠶ࡗࡓࢫࢱ࣮ࣥࡣ㸪࣓ࢱࣇ࢕ࢡࢩࣙࣥⓗ࡞ㄒࡾ
࡜ࡋ࡚኎ࡾฟࡉࢀࡓၟရࡔࡗࡓࡢࡔࠋస⪅ࢫࢱ࣮
᪉ࢆ㠃ⓑࡀࡿ࣏ࢵࣉ࣭࢝ࣝࢳ࣮ࣕࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞㊅ໃ࡟㸪
ࣥࡀ㸪ᑛᩗࡍ࡭ࡁᡭᮏ࡜ࡋ࡚࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ྲྀࡾධࢀ
ᩄឤ࡟཯ᛂࡋࡓࡣࡎ࡞ࡢࡔࠋ
ࡽࢀࡑ࠺࡞せ⣲ࢆ᥆ࡵྲྀࡿᮦᩱ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ᙜ᫬ࡢὶ
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡢᩥᏛⓗ౯್ࢆ࠶ࡲ
⾜ᑠㄝࢆཧ⪃࡟ࡋࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡣྰᐃ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ
ࡾ㧗ࡃホ౯ࡋ࡞࠸࢙࢘࢖࣭ࣥC࣭ࣈ࣮ࢫࡶ㸪
ࠗࢺࣜ
ᑠㄝྐࡢᩥ⬦࡛⪃࠼ࢀࡤ㸪ࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢹ࢕ࣥࢢࡸ
ࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࢕࠘࡜ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮
1750 ᖺ௦ὶ⾜ᑠㄝࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚㸪㏆௦ࣜ࢔ࣜࢬ࣒ᑠㄝ
ࢬ࠘
㸪࠾ࡼࡧྠᵝ࡟࣓ࢱࣇ࢕ࢡࢩࣙࣥⓗ࡞ᑠㄝࠗࢢ
࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ⊃࠸ព࿡ࡢࠕࣀࣦ࢙ࣝࠖ࡟ᚎࠎ࡟ධࡾ㎸
࣮ࣜࣥࣛࣥࢻ኱ᑚࡢෑ㝤࠘㸦The Adventures of
ࢇ࡛ࡁࡓ㸪ࢭࣝࣂࣥࢸࢫ࡞࡝ࡢ႐๻ⓗ࣐ࣟࣥࢫ㸪
Captain Greenland, 1752㸧࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࡇ࠺
ࠗᱩ≀ㄒ࠘࡞࡝ࡢㅕ่సရ㸪ྠ᫬௦ࡢᯫ✵࢟ࣕࣛ
᭩࠸࡚࠸ࡓࠋ
ࢡࢱ࣮࡟ࡼࡿ࢚ࢵࢭ࢖࡜࠸ࡗࡓࢪࣕࣥࣝࡢᩓᩥ࡟
⏤᮶ࡍࡿ⮬ᕫゝཬⓗ࡞ㄒࡾཱྀࢆ㸪ᑠㄝసရࡢ୰࡟
ࢫࢱ࣮ࣥ⮬㌟ࡀࠗࢢ࣮ࣜࣥࣛࣥࢻ኱ᑚ࠘ࢆㄞࢇ
᫬ᢡࡾΰࡐ㎸ࡴ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ⿵ຓⓗ࡞౑࠸᪉࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪
࡛࠸ࡼ࠺࡜࠸ࡲ࠸࡜㸪1750 ᖺ௦ࡢ⁥✍ᑠㄝ࡟࠾
ᩒ࠼࡚సရࡢ୰ᚰ࡟ᤣ࠼㸪
ࠑㄒࡽࢀࡿ࡭ࡁ≀ㄒࠒ࡜
࠸࡚ࠕ௓ධࡍࡿస⪅ࠖࡀⓏሙࡍࡿసရࡀ⃭ቑࡋ
ࠑ≀ㄒࡀㄞ⪅࡟ㄒࡽࢀࡿሙࠒ࡜ࡢ୺ᚑࢆ㏫㌿ࡉࡏ
ࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ㸪ᙼ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡓࡢࡣ␲࠸ࡼ࠺ࡶ࡞
ࡓࡇ࡜ࡇࡑࡀ㸪
ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࢕࠘ࡢ㠉
࠸ࠋࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢹ࢕ࣥࢢ௨㝆ࡢࡇ࠺ࡋࡓసရ⩌ࡢ
᪂ᛶࡔࡗࡓࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࠋㄒࡾᡭࡀㄒࡿヰࡢ୰㌟࡛ࡣ
࠺ࡕ㸪ࢫࢱ࣮ࣥࡀᐇ㝿࡟▱ࡗ࡚࠸࡚ཧ⪃࡟ࡋࡓ
࡞ࡃ㸪ㄒࡾᡭ࡜ㄞ⪅ࡀㄒࡾྜ࠺⌧ሙࡢᥥ෗ࡇࡑࡀ
ࡶࡢࡀ࡝ࢀ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࢆぢᴟࡵࡿࡢࡣࡶࡣࡸ୙ྍ
㠃ⓑ࠸࡜࠸࠺ឤぬࡣ㸪ࡕࡻࡗ࡜ࡋࡓࢦࢩࢵࣉࢆࢿ
⬟ࡔࡀ㸪ᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶᙼࡣࡇࢀࡽࡢసရࡢ࠸ࡃࡘ
42
ෆ⏣ ຾
࠿࡟㐼㐝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡣࡎࡔࠋࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢹ࢕ࣥࢢ࠿
ࡋ࡚ฟ∧⤒㈝ࢆ㈇ᢸࡋࡓฟ∧⪅࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪㈍኎
ࡽࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡸࠗࢢ࣮ࣜࣥࣛ
ࡢࡳࢆㄳࡅ㈇ࡗࡓⓎ኎ඖ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࣥࢻ኱ᑚ࠘
㸦࠾ࡼࡧࡑࡢ௚ࡢከᩘࡢసရ㸧ࢆ⤒࡚
2. ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ึ∧ࡢห⾜ᖺ࡟ࡘ
ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࢕࠘࡟⮳ࡿ୍㐃ࡢὶ
࠸࡚ࡣ 1749 ᖺㄝ࡜ 1750 ᖺㄝࡀ࠶ࡿࠋThe New
ࢀࡣ㸪അ↛࡜ゝ࠺࡟ࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ࡟⥅⥆ᛶࡀ㧗࠸ࠋ
Cambridge Bibliography of English Literature
㸦Booth, “Self-Conscious” 184㸧
(NCBEL) ࡛ࡣ 1749 ᖺ࡟ึ∧㸪1750 ᖺ࡟➨ 2 ∧
ࡀห⾜ࡉࢀࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸦Watson col. 996㸧
㸪
ࡇࡇࡲ࡛㏙࡭࡚ࡁࡓࡼ࠺࡞஦᝟ࢆ⪃៖ࡍࢀࡤ㸪
ᮏ✏࡛ࡣ᭩ホㄅ࣐ࠗࣥࢫ࣮࣭ࣦ࣮ࣜࣞࣗ࠘1750
⚾࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࢫࢸ࢕࣮ࣦ࣭ࣥࣔ࢔ࡢḟࡢゝⴥ࡟኱࠸
ᖺ 2 ᭶ྕࡀࠕ௒᭶ࡢ᪂หࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚⤂௓ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ
࡟㈶ྠࡏࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ࠋ
ࠕࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢹ࢕ࣥࢢࡢᶍೌ
ࡇ࡜ࢆ⪃៖ࡋ㸪1750 ᖺห⾜ㄝࢆ᥇ࡿࠋ࡞࠾
⪅ࡓࡕࡢ୰࡟⣮ࢀ࡚ᛀࢀཤࡽࢀ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪
NCBEL ࡣ࣮࣭࣊ࣥࣜࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢹ࢕ࣥࢢࡢጒࢭ
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘࡟ࡣ෌Ⓨぢࡉࢀࡿࡔ
࢔࣭ࣛࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢹ࢕ࣥࢢ㸦Sarah Fielding, 1710–68㸧
ࡅࡢ౯್ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࡔࠖ
㸦Moore 762㸧
ࠋ
ࢆࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡢస⪅࡜ࡋ࡚࠸
ࡿࡀ㸦Watson col. 147㸧
㸪ࡑࢀࢆ⿬௜ࡅࡿドᣐࡀ
㴹
࡞࠸ࡓࡵ㸪⌧ᅾ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡢ◊✲⪅ࡣᮏసࢆࠕస
⪅୙ヲࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
3. ࠕཧ⪃㈨ᩱࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚᪥ᮏㄒࡢヂ᭩ࢆᣲࡆࡓᩥ⊩
1. ᮏᩥ୰࡛͆ESTC #͇࡜グࡋࡓࡢࡣ㸪The English
ࢆ㝖ࡁ㸪
ⱥㄒᩥ⊩࠿ࡽࡢᘬ⏝ࡣࡍ࡭࡚⚾
㸦ෆ⏣㸧
Short Title Catalogue Citation Number ࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶
ࡀ⩻ヂࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᘬ⏝ᩥࡢゅᣓᘼෆࡣ⚾
ࡿࠋᮏ✏ᇳ➹᫬㸦2015 ᖺ 11 ᭶㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪
࡟ࡼࡿ⿵㊊࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
The English Short Title Catalogue (ESTC) ࢙࢘ࣈ
4. ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡢཎᩥ࡛ࡣ㸪Ⓩሙ
ࢧ࢖ࢺࡢ URL <http://estc.bl.uk/> ࡟ࡇࡢ Citation
ே≀ࡸㄞ⪅ࡓࡕࡢྎモࢆ⾲ࢃࡍሙྜࡶᘬ⏝➢
Number ࢆ௜ຍࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ࡑࡢ∧ࡢヲ⣽࡞᭩
㸦“ ”㸧ࡀ౑ࢃࢀ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ᮏ✏࡛ࡣㄞࡳࡸࡍࡉࢆ
ㄅ᝟ሗࢆᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࡤࠗࢩ࣮ࣕ
⪃࠼㸪ྎモࡣཎ๎࡜ࡋ࡚ࡍ࡭࡚㘽ᣓᘼ㸦
ࠕࠖ
㸧࡟
ࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ึ∧㸦ESTC #: T66897㸧ࡢ
ධࢀ࡚ヂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
᭩ㄅ᝟ሗࢆᚓࡿࡓࡵࡢ URL ࡣ <http://estc.bl.uk/
5. ࡇࡢㄽ⪃ࡢⴭ⪅ࡣ㸪ྠ᫬௦ࡢᑠㄝࠗࢳࣅ≟࣏ࣥ
T66897> ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞࠾ᮏ✏࡛ࡣ㸪ໟᣓⓗ࡞ 18
ࣆ࣮≀ㄒ࠘
㸦The History of Pompey the Little: or, the
ୡ⣖ⱥㄒ࣭ⱥᅜห⾜≀ࡢ᭷ᩱࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫ
Life and Adventures of a Lap-Dog, 1751㸧ࡢస⪅࡛
Eighteenth Century Collections Online (ECCO) ࡢ
࠶ࡗࡓࣇࣛࣥࢩࢫ࣭ࢥࣦ࢙ࣥࢺ࣮ࣜ㸦Francis
↓ᩱࢺࣛ࢖࢔ࣝᮇ㛫୰࡟ࢲ࣮࢘ࣥࣟࢻࡋࡓึ∧
Coventry, 1725̽54㸧࡜ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿
ࡢ PDF ∧ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࡀ㸪ึ∧࡜ྠࡌ 1750 ᖺ࡟ฟ
ࡋࠕᑠㄝ࡜ㄽ⪃࡜ࡢ㉁ࡢᕪࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࡜㸪ࡇࡢస
ࡓ࡜ࡉࢀࡿ➨ 2 ∧㸦ESTC #: N33064㸧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚
⪅≉ᐃࡣ␲ࢃࡋ࠸ࠖ
㸦Battestin 53㸧࡜࠸࠺ぢゎࡶ
ࡣ㸪Google ࣈࢵࢡࢫ࡛↓ᩱ㜀ぴ࡛ࡁࡿ㸦➨ 1 ᕳ㸸
࠶ࡾ㸪⚾࡟ࡶࠗࢳࣅ≟࣏ࣥࣆ࣮≀ㄒ࠘ࡢࡼ࠺࡞
<http://books.google.com/books?id=0vRLAAAAcA
ഔసᑠㄝࢆ᭩࠸ࡓࢥࣦ࢙ࣥࢺ࣮ࣜࡀ㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺
AJ>, ➨ 2 ᕳ㸸<http://books.google.com/books?id=
࡞⛶ᣋ࡞ㄽ⪃ࢆ᭩࠸ࡓ࡜ࡣಙࡌࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ࡞࠾
7PRLAAAAcAAJ>㸧
ࠋ࡞࠾㸪
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ
ࠗࢳࣅ≟࣏ࣥࣆ࣮≀ㄒ࠘ࡢᩥᏛྐⓗ఩⨨࡙ࡅ࡟
࣐࣮ࢬ࠘
ࡀస⪅࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⮬㈝ฟ∧ࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪
ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᣋㄽࢆཧ↷ࡢࡇ࡜㸦ෆ⏣,ࠕឡ⋵≟ࠖ
㸧
ࠋ
ࢱ࢖ࢺ࣮ࣝ࣌ࢪ࡟“Printed for the AUTHOR; Sold
by CORBETT, the Publisher [. . .]”࡜グ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸
ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽศ࠿ࡿࠋᩥ⊩࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣ᭩⡠ၟࡢ
␓偔崘㗪
ࢳ࣮ࣕࣝࢬ࣭ࢥ࣮࣋ࢵࢺ㸦Charles Corbett㸧ࢆฟ
∧⪅࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡶ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࢱ࢖ࢺ࣮ࣝ࣌ࢪ
ࡢグ㍕ࢆಙࡌࡿ㝈ࡾ㸪ࢥ࣮࣋ࢵࢺࡣ∧ᶒࢆಖᣢ
Battestin, Martin C. A Henry Fielding Companion.
Westport: Greenwood, 2000. Print.
ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬࡢ≀ㄒ࠘̿̿ࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘࡜
ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢸ࢕࠘࡜ࢆࡘ࡞ࡄᛀࢀࡽࢀࡓᑠㄝ
43
Black, Scott. “Tristram Shandy’s Strange Loops of
Garn, Rimma. “Born in Translation: Mikhail Chulkov
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Blackwell,
Mark.
“Extraordinary
Narrators:
Gonda, Caroline. “Sarah Scott and ‘The Sweet Excess
Metafiction and It-Narratives.” The Cambridge
of Paternal Love’.” Studies in English Literature,
History of the English Novel. Ed. Robert L. Caserio
1500–1900 32.3 (1992): 511–35. JSTOR. Web. 9
and Clement Hawes. Cambridge: Cambridge UP,
Nov. 2015.
2012. 230–45. Print.
Booth, Wayne C. The Rhetoric of Fiction. 2nd ed.
Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1983. Print.
---. “The Self-Conscious Narrator in Comic Fiction
Before Tristram Shandy.” PMLA 67 (1952): 163–85.
JSTOR. Web. 28 Feb. 2013.
The History of Charlotte Summers, the Fortunate
Parish Girl. 2 vols. London, [1750]. Eighteenth
Century Collections Online (ECCO). Web. 20 Apr.
2007.
Keymer, Thomas. Sterne, the Moderns, and the Novel.
Oxford: Oxford UP, 2002. Print.
Brewer, David A., ed. The Rivals and Polly
Lupton, Christina. “Giving Power to the Medium:
Honeycombe. By Richard Brinsley Sheridan and
Recovering the 1750s.” The Eighteenth Century:
George Colman the Elder. Peterborough, Can.:
Theory and Interpretation. 52.3–4 (2011): 289–302.
Broadview, 2012. Print.
Project MUSE. Web. 10 Jan. 2012.
Burke, Simon, adapt. The History of Tom Jones, a
---. Knowing Books: The Consciousness of Mediation in
Foundling. By Henry Fielding. BBC, 1997.
Eighteenth-Century Britain. Philadelphia: U of
Television. ࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘. ࢔࢖࣭ࣦ࢕࣮࣭
Pennsylvania P, 2012. Print.
ࢩ࣮, 2004. DVD.
Lynch, Jack. “Tristram Shandy and the Rise of the
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Novel; or, Unpopular Fiction after Richardson.” The
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Eighteenth-Century Novel 6–7 (2009): 359–77. Print.
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Peter Garside and Karen O’Brien. Oxford: Oxford
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UP, 2015. 92–108. Print.
Channel: The Inter-National Invention of the Novel.
An Essay on the New Species of Writing Founded by Mr.
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William Andrews Clark Memorial Library, U of
---. The Spread of Novels: Translation and Prose Fiction
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<http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/
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001646039>.
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London: Penguin, 2005. Kindle file.
Folkenflik, Robert. “Tristram Shandy and EighteenthCentury Narrative.” The Cambridge Companion to
Laurence Sterne. Ed. Thomas Keymer. Cambridge:
Cambridge UP, 2009. 49–63. Print.
Montagu, Mary Wortley. Selected Letters. Ed. Isobel
Grundy. London: Penguin, 1997. Print.
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Moore, Steven. The Novel: An Alternative History 1600
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Mornet, Daniel. “Les enseignements des bibliothèques
Foster, James R. “Sentiment from Afra Behn to
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la France 17 (1910): 449–96. JSTOR. Web. 10 Nov.
Novel. Ed. Harold Bloom. Philadelphia: Chelsea
2015.
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Richardson, Samuel. Pamela; or, Virtue Rewarded.
44
ෆ⏣ ຾
1740. Ed. Thomas Keymer and Alice Wakely.
Oxford: Oxford UP, 2001. Print.
Scott, William. “George Colman’s Polly Honeycombe
and Circulating Library Fiction in 1760.” Notes and
Queries n.s. 15.12 (1968): 465–67. Print.
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Joan New. London: Penguin, 2003. Kindle file.
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of English Literature, Vol. 2, 1660–1800. Cambridge:
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Wetmore, Alex. Men of Feeling in Eighteenth-Century
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Macmillan, 2013. Print.
ఀ⸨ㄋ.ࠗ
ࠑࣀࣦ࢙ࣝࠒࡢ⪃ྂᏛ̿̿࢖ࢠࣜࢫ㏆௦
ᑠㄝ๓ྐ࠘. ἲᨻ኱Ꮫฟ∧ᒁ, 2012. Print.
ෆ⏣຾.ࠕឡ⋵≟ࡣఱࢆぢࡓ࠿̿̿ࢥࣦ࢙ࣥࢺ࣮ࣜ
ࠗࢳࣅ≟࣏ࣥࣆ࣮≀ㄒ࠘࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠖ. ࠗ༑ඵୡ
⣖࢖ࢠࣜࢫᩥᏛ◊✲㹙➨ 5 ྕ㹛̿̿ඹ㬆ࡍࡿゝ
ⴥ࡜ୡ⏺࠘. ᪥ᮏࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥ༠఍⦅. 㛤ᣅ♫,
2014. 182̽99. Print.
---.ࠕ
ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࢕࠘ࡣࣁ࢖ࣃ࣮ࢸ
࢟ࢫࢺᑠㄝ࠿ࠖ
ࠗᒱ㜧኱Ꮫᆅᇦ⛉Ꮫ㒊◊✲ሗ࿌࠘
.
1 (1997): 201̽16. ᒱ㜧኱Ꮫᶵ㛵࣏ࣜࢪࢺࣜ. Web.
23 Nov. 2015.
---.ࠕࣔࣀࡀㄒࡿ≀ㄒ̿̿ࠗ㯮እዓࡢෑ㝤࠘࡜ࡑࡢ
௚ࡢ it-narrativesࠖ.ࠗᒱ㜧኱Ꮫᆅᇦ⛉Ꮫ㒊◊✲ሗ
࿌࠘30 (2012): 15̽36. ᒱ㜧኱Ꮫᶵ㛵࣏ࣜࢪࢺࣜ.
Web. 23 Nov. 2015.
బࠎᮌᩔ.ࠗ࠶࡞ࡓࡣ௒㸪ࡇࡢᩥ❶ࢆㄞࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋ
̿̿ࣃࣛࣇ࢕ࢡࢩࣙࣥࡢㄌ⏕࠘. ៞ᛂ⩏ሿ኱Ꮫ
ฟ∧఍, 2014. Print.
ࢫࢱ࣮ࣥ, ࣟࣞࣥࢫ.ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࢕࠘
.
඲ 3 ᕳ. ᮒ∹⏣ኟ㞝ヂ. ᒾἼ᭩ᗑ, 2012. Kindle
file.
Ṋ⏣ᑗ᫂.ࠕᑠㄝࡢᶵ⬟㸦4㸧
ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕ
ࣥࢹ࢕࠘࡜␃ಖࡉࢀࡿྡ๓ࠖ
ࠗ⩌ീ࠘
.
70.12 (2015):
72̽111. Print.
ࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢹ࢕ࣥࢢ, ࣮࣊ࣥࣜ.ࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪࣙ࢘ࣥࢬ࠘
.
඲ 4 ᕳ. ᮒ∹⏣ኟ㞝ヂ. ᒾἼ᭩ᗑ, 2009. Print.
ࣈ࣮ࢫ, ࢙࢘࢖࣭ࣥC. ࠗࣇ࢕ࢡࢩࣙࣥࡢಟ㎡Ꮫ࠘.
⡿ᮏᘯ୍࣭᭹㒊඾அ࣭Ώ㎶ඞ᫛ヂ. ᭩⫔㢼ࡢⷴ
ⷪ, 1991. Print.
ࣜࢳ࣮ࣕࢻࢯࣥ, ࢧ࣑࢚ࣗࣝ. ࠗࣃ࣑ࣛ㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ
ῄᚨࡢሗ࠸࠘. ཎ⏣⠊⾜ヂ. ◊✲♫, 2014. Kindle
file.