Title 『シャーロット・サマーズの物語』 : 『トム・ジョーンズ 』と『トリストラム・シャンディ』とをつなぐ忘れられた 小説 Author(s) 内田, 勝 Citation [岐阜大学地域科学部研究報告] vol.[38] no.[1] p.[19]-[44] Issue Date 2016 Rights Version 岐阜大学地域科学部 (Faculty of Regional Studies, Gifu University) URL http://repository.lib.gifu-u.ac.jp/handle/123456789/54157 ※この資料の著作権は、各資料の著者・学協会・出版社等に帰属します。 ᒱ㜧Ꮫᆅᇦ⛉Ꮫ㒊◊✲ሗ࿌➨ 38 ྕ㸸19-44㸦2016㸧 19 ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬࡢ≀ㄒ࠘̾̾ ࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࠘ ࢆࡘ࡞ࡄᛀࢀࡽࢀࡓᑠㄝ ෆ ⏣ 㸦2015 ᖺ 12 ᭶ 7 ᪥ཷ⌮㸧 The History of Charlotte Summers: A Missing Link between Tom Jones and Tristram Shandy Masaru UCHIDA 熇熄〩̷ͤͤ͡Ⱡ嫽˧ιϒσΙΞϑδϒΐ˨ ࠶ࡿ♧ࡍࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣỴࡋ࡚㸪 ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕ ࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡀࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘ࡸࠗࢺ ࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࠘༉ᩛࡍࡿ㔜せ࡞ᩥᏛ 18 ୡ⣖༙ࡤࡢࣟࣥࢻ࡛ࣥ༏ྡࡢస⪅ࡼࡗ࡚ ྐⓗព⩏ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ព࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ2 ࡘ ⮬㈝ฟ∧ࡉࢀࡓ㸪 ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬࡢ≀ㄒ㸪 ࡢྂࡀᣢࡘ≉ᚩࢆྜࢃࡏᣢࡘࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ ᖾ㐠࡞ᩍ༊Ꮩඣ࠘ 㸦The History of Charlotte Summers, ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡣ㸪 ࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘ࡢᙉ࠸ᙳ㡪ࢆ the Fortunate Parish Girl, 1750; ESTC #: T66897㸧 ཷࡅ࡞ࡀࡽࡶ㸪 ࡢࡕࡢ ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࠘ 1 ࠸࠺ᑠㄝࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ࢱࢺ࣮ࣝ࣌ࢪࡣห⾜ᖺࡀグ ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ࣓ࢱࣇࢡࢩࣙࣥⓗ࡞᪂ࡋ࠸ㄒࡾ᪉ࡢ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ྠ௦ࡢ᭩ホㄅ࣐ࠗࣥࢫ࣮࣭ࣜ ᢏἲࢆ♧ࡋጞࡵࡓ㸪ᙜࡢᶆ‽ⓗ࡞ᑠㄝࡢጼࢆ ࣦ࣮ࣞࣗ࠘1750 ᖺ 2 ᭶ྕ࡛ࠕ᭶ࡢ᪂หࠖࡋ࡚ ᆺⓗ⾲ࢃࡍ᱁ዲࡢࢧࣥࣉ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿゝ࠸ࡓ࠸ࡢ ⤂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ห⾜ᖺࡀ≉ᐃ࡛ࡁࡿ ࡔࠋ 2 㸦Monthly 352㸧 ࠋ ᮏ✏ࡢ┠ⓗࡣ㸪⌧ᅾ࡛ࡣࢇ ห⾜ᙜึࡢࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡀ࡞ ᛀࢀཤࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡢᑠㄝࡀ㸪18 ୡ⣖ࢠࣜࢫ ࡾࡢேẼᑠㄝ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇࡣ㸪ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ドᣐ ᑠㄝࢆ௦⾲ࡍࡿࡘࡢྡస㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ࣮࣭࣊ࣥࣜ ࡽ࠺ࡀ࠼ࡿࠋࡓ࠼ࡤྠ௦ࡢࢠࣜࢫࡢస ࣇ࣮ࣝࢹࣥࢢ㸦Henry Fielding, 1707̽54㸧ࡢࠗࢺ ᐙࢪ࣮ࣙࢪ࣭ࢥ࣮࣐ࣝࣥ㸦George Colman, 1732̽94㸧 ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘㸦The History of Tom Jones, a ࡣ㸪ᑠㄝ࣐ࢽࡢⱝ࠸ፉࢆேබࡍࡿ႐࣏ࠗ Foundling, 1749㸧㸪࣮ࣟࣞࣥࢫ࣭ࢫࢱ࣮ࣥ ࣮࣭ࣜࣁࢽࢥ࣒࢘࠘ 㸦Polly Honeycombe, 1760㸧ࡢ 㸦Laurence Sterne, 1713–68㸧ࡢࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕ ᗎᩥࡢᮎᑿ㸪࠶ࡿ㈚ᮏᒇࡢⶶ᭩࢝ࢱࣟࢢࡽᢤ ࣥࢹ࠘ 㸦The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, ⢋ࡋࡓ࠸࠺タᐃ࡛ᙜࡢὶ⾜ᑠㄝ 181 సရࡢࢱ Gentleman, 1759–67㸧ࢆࡘ࡞ࡄᩥᏛྐୖࡢ⨨ ࢺࣝࢆ⨶ิࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࡀ㸦Scott 465㸧 㸪ࡑࡢࣜ 20 ෆ⏣ ࢫࢺࡣ㸪18 ୡ⣖ࢠࣜࢫᑠㄝࡢྂࡉࢀࡿࢧ ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ 18 ୡ⣖ࡢ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃㅖᅜ࡛ឡ ࣑࢚࣭ࣗࣝࣜࢳ࣮ࣕࢻࢯࣥ㸦Samuel Richardson, ࡉࢀࡓ≀ㄒࡣ㸪࠸ࡗࡓ࠸ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ෆᐜ࡞ࡢࡔࢁ 1689–1761㸧ࡢࠗࣃ࣑ࣛ࠘ 㸦Pamela; or, Virtue Rewarded, ࠺ࠋḟ⠇࡛ࡣࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡢ≀ 1740㸧࠾ࡼࡧࠗࢡࣛࣜࢵࢧ࠘ 㸦Clarissa; or, The History ㄒࡢᴫせࢆࡓࡗ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ of a Young Lady, 1747–48㸧 㸪ࡑࡋ࡚ࣇ࣮ࣝࢹࣥ ࢢࡢࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘࠸ࡗࡓྡసࡸ㸪స⪅ ヲࡢࠗ㯮እዓࡢෑ㝤࠘ 㸦The Adventures of a Black 熈熄 ˧ιϒσΙΞϑδϒΐ˨͆㧓姒 Coat, 1760㸧࠸ࡗࡓᛀࢀࡽࢀࡓὶ⾜ᑠㄝ୪ࢇ࡛㸪 ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡶྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡇࡢᑠㄝࡣ≀⌮ⓗࡣ 2 ᕳᮏࡔࡀ㸪ෆᐜ㠃࡛ࡣ 㸦Brewer 65㸧 ࠋ 㸦book㸧 ࡽᡂࡿ 4 㒊ᵓᡂ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪 ྛᕳࡀ 2 ࡘࡢ㒊 15̽18 ୡ⣖ࡋ࡚ࢠࣜࢫㅖᓥ࠾ࡼࡧ ྛ㒊ࡢ࠶ࡽࡍࡌࡣ௨ୗࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࣓࡛ࣜ࢝ฟ∧ࡉࢀࡓห⾜≀ࡢ⥲ྜ┠㘓࡛࠶ࡿ The English Short Title Catalogue㸦ESTC㸧ࡣ㸪 ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕ ➨ 1 ᕳ㸦Vol. I㸧 ࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ ࡢ 5 ࡘࡢ∧ࡀᥖ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 1750 ᖺࣟࣥࢻ࡛ࣥฟࡓึ∧ຍ࠼㸪ྠࡌᖺฟ 㹙➨ 1 㒊㸦Book I㸧 㹛࢙࣮࢘ࣝࢬࡢ⿱⚟࡞⏨∖ࡢ ࡓᛮࢃࢀࡿ➨ 2 ∧㸦ESTC #: N33064㸧 㸪1753 ᖺ ጔࣞࢹ࣭ࣂ࢘ࣥࢸࣇࣝ㸦Lady Bountiful㸧ࡣ㸪 ࡢࢲࣈࣜࣥ∧㸦ESTC #: N32712㸧 㸪ࣟࣥࢻࣥࡢูࡢ ኵࡢṚᚋࡶࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ឿၿάືࢆ⾜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ ฟ∧⪅ࡀ 1758 ᖺࡈࢁฟࡋࡓ➨ 4 ∧㸦ESTC #: ᙼዪࡣࣟࣥࢻࣥᅾ㸪7 ṓࡢᩍ༊Ꮩඣ㸦ᩍ༊ T126294㸧 㸪ࡉࡽูࡢฟ∧⪅ࡀ 1770 ᖺฟࡋࡓ ࡢឿၿᴗࡋ࡚㣴⫱ࡉࢀࡿ㌟ᐤࡾࡢ࡞࠸Ꮩඣ㸧 ∧㸦ESTC #: N17437㸧ࡢ 5 ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡛࠶ࡿࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ㸦Charlotte Summers㸧 ESTC ࡣࡇࢀࡽຍ࠼㸪 1750 ᖺ௦ࡽ 80 ᖺ௦ ฟ࠸㸪ቃ㐝ఝྜࢃࡠࡑࡢୖရ࡞≀⭜ឤ㖭 ࡅ࡚ฟࡓ 9 ✀㢮ࡢࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒ∧㸦L’orpheline ࢆཷࡅࡿࠋ 㸦ࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡀᬽࡽࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡣ㸪ࣛ angloise, ou histoire de Charlotte Summers㸧ࡶᥖ㍕ࡉ ࣒ࢬ࣭ࢥࣥࢹࣗࢵࢺ࣭ࣇ࣮ࣝࢻ 㹙Lamb’s Conduit ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢᑠㄝࡣ≉㠉๓ࡢࣇࣛࣥࢫ࡛ே Field㹛࠶ࡗࡓ㸪ຎᝏ࡞⎔ቃ࡛ᝏྡ㧗࠸ࣟࣥࢻࣥ Ẽࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡢࡔࠋ1740 ᖺࡽ 1760 ᖺࡅ࡚ࡢ Ꮩඣ㣴⫱㝔㹙The Foundling Hospital㹛࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㸧ࣞ ࣇࣛࣥࢫࡢಶேⶶ᭩࢝ࢱࣟࢢࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓࢲࢽ࢚ ࢹ࣭ࣂ࢘ࣥࢸࣇࣝࡣౝዪࡢ࣐࣮ࢪ࣮ࣕࣜ㸦Mrs. ࣭ࣝࣔࣝࢿ㸦Daniel Mornet㸧ࡢ◊✲ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ⱥ Margery㸧ࡌ࡚ࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࢆᝒ࡞ቃ㐝ࡽ ᩥᏛ◊✲⪅ࡢ࣓࣮࣭࣭࣐ࣜ࣊ࣞࣥࢡ࣐ࣛࣥ㸦Mary ᩆ࠸ฟࡋ㸪㣴⫱ࡍࡿࡇࡍࡿࠋࣞࢹ࣭ࣂ࢘ࣥ Helen Mcmurran㸧ࡀ᭩࠸ࡓㄽᩥࡼࢀࡤ㸪ࣇࣛࣥ ࢸࣇࣝࡢேࡢዪᛶࡓࡕࡢ๓⌧ࢀࡓࢩ࣮ࣕ ࢫㄒ∧ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡣ㸪ࣜࢳ࣮ࣕ ࣟࢵࢺࡣ㸪ዪᛶࡓࡕࡢ୍ேࡽ㸪ᚰඃࡋ࠸㎰ኵ ࢻࢯࣥࡢࠗࣃ࣑ࣛ࠘ 㸪ࣇ࣮ࣝࢹࣥࢢࡢࠗࢺ࣒࣭ ᘬࡁྲྀࡽࢀࡓᏙඣࡢᑡዪࡀ㸪ᩘࠎࡢヨ⦎ࢆ⤒࡚⏕ ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘ 㸪ࡑࡋ࡚ࣜࢳ࣮ࣕࢻࢯࣥࡢࠗࢡࣛࣜࢵ ࡁูࢀࡢ⿱⚟࡞∗ࡋ㸪┦ᛮ┦ឡࡔࡗࡓ㎰ኵ ࢧ࠘ḟ࠸࡛ 4 ␒┠ேẼࡢ࠶ࡗࡓヂࢠࣜࢫ ࡢᜥᏊ⤖፧ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࠕឿᝒ῝࠸㎰ኵࡢ≀ㄒࠖ ᑠㄝ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦Mcmurran, “National” 53; Mornet 461㸧 ࠋ 㸦“The History of the Charitable Farmer”㸧ࢆ⪺ࡃࠋ 1763 ᖺࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒ∧ࡽ㔜ヂࡉࢀࡓࣟࢩㄒ ࢙࣮࢘ࣝࢬࡢ㑰Ꮿ࡛ᬽࡽࡍࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࢩ࣮ࣕ ∧ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ 㸦Сирота аглинская, ࣟࢵࢺࡣ㸪ࣞࢹ࣭ࣂ࢘ࣥࢸࣇࣝࡢᜥᏊࡢࢧ࣮࣭ или История о Шарлотте Суммерс㸧ࡀ㸪ྠ௦ࡢ ࢺ࣐ࢫ㸦Sir Thomas㸧୍⥴㸪࠾ࡁࡢ་ᖌࡸ ࣟࢩேసᐙከ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋࡓࡇࢆㄽࡌ ∾ᖌඃࡋࡃぢᏲࡽࢀ࡚ᡂ㛗ࡍࡿࠋ୍᪉㸪ࢩ࣮ࣕ ࡓ◊✲ࡶ࠶ࡿ㸦Garn㸧 ࠋୡ⏺ࡢせᅗ᭩㤋ⶶ᭩┠㘓 ࣟࢵࢺࡢஸࡁẕࡢ࣓ࢻࡔࡗࡓዪᛶࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚㸪 ࡢ⤫ྜ᳨⣴ࢧࢺ WorldCat ࡼࢀࡤ㸪1751 ᖺ ࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡢ⣲ᛶࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡿࠋࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵ 1790 ᖺห⾜ࡉࢀࡓ࢜ࣛࣥࢲㄒ∧ 㸦Historie van het ࢺࡢẕࡣᩍࡢፉࡔࡗࡓࡀ㸪ᐙࡀἐⴠࡋࡓᚋ㸪 verlatene en gelukkige weeskind, Charlotte Summers㸧 ࣝࣛࣥࢻࡢᏊ∖ᐙࡢḟ⏨࡛㝣㌷ᑚࡢࣟࣂ࣮ ࡶᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ㸦Robert Summers㸧ᜊⴠࡕ࡚⤖ ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬࡢ≀ㄒ࠘̿̿ࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘ ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢸ࠘ࢆࡘ࡞ࡄᛀࢀࡽࢀࡓᑠㄝ 21 ፧㸪ࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࢆ⏘ࢇࡔࠋᨺⷙ⪅ࡢࣟࣂ࣮ࢺࡣ ࠼ࡽࢀࡎ㸪୍᪉࡛ᜠ⩏ࡢ࠶ࡿࣞࢹ࣭ࣂ࢘ࣥࢸ ⮬ศ࠾ࡼࡧጔࡢ㈈⏘ࢆ࠸ᯝࡓࡋ࡚㔠ࢆᢪ࠼ࡓ ࣇࣝ㏫ࡽࡗ࡚ࢧ࣮࣭ࢺ࣐ࢫ㥑ࡅⴠࡕࡍࡿࡇ ᮎ㸪ጔፉࢆᤞ࡚㸪᪤፧⪅࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆ㞃ࡋ࡚ ࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋษ⩚ワࡲࡗࡓᙼዪࡣ㸪῝ኪ୍ ⿱⚟࡞ၟேࡢፉ⤖፧ࡋࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࡀኻᩋ㸪ࡑࡢ ே࡛ᒇᩜࢆᢤࡅฟࡍࠋࡓࡕࡲࡕᙉ┐ࡓࡕࣞࣉ ᚋࡣ⾜᪉▱ࢀࡎ࡞ࡿࠋࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡢẕࡣ㈋ᅔ ࡉࢀࡑ࠺࡞ࡿࡀ㸪ぶษ࡞㎰ኵᩆࢃࢀ㸪ࡋࡤࡽ ࡢ࠺ࡕୡࢆཤࡾ㸪ኳᾭᏙ⊂ࡢࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡣᩍ ࡃ㎰ኵࡢᐙ࡛ᬽࡽࡍࡇ࡞ࡿࠋࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡣ ༊Ꮩඣ࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡔࡗࡓࠋ ㌟ඖࢆ㞃ࡍࡓࡵࢧ࣮࣭ࣜࢹࢣࣥࢬ㸦Sally Dickens㸧࠸࠺ഇྡࢆ࠺ࡇࡍࡿࠋ㎰ኵࡢᜥ 㹙➨ 2 㒊㸦Book II㸧 㹛ࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡣ 17 ṓࡢ⨾ࡋ Ꮚࡀࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺᜊࢆࡋ㸪㎰ኵࡢጔࡸፉࡣᙼࡽ ࠸ፉᡂ㛗ࡋ㸪࠶ࡲࡾ㨩ຊⓗ࡞ᐜጼࡢࡏ࠸࡛㸪 ࢆ⤖፧ࡉࡏࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࠋࢧ࣮࣭ࢺ࣐ࢫࢆᛀࢀࡽࢀ ࡑࡢጼࢆ┠ࡋࡓ⏨ᛶࢆክ୰ࡉࡏࡎࡣ࠾࡞ ࡞࠸ࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡀ⤖፧ࢆᣄࡴ㸪㎰ኵࡢጔፉ ࠸ࠋᙼዪࡣࣞࢹ࣭ࣂ࢘ࣥࢸࣇࣝࡢᜥᏊࡢࢧ࣮࣭ ࡣࡑࡢ⭡࠸ࡏ㸪㌟ศࡑࡄࢃࡠ㔠ࡸ⳹࡞ရ ࢺ࣐ࢫ┦ᛮ┦ឡࡢ௰࡞ࡿࡀ㸪⾑➽ᐙே ≀ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡀἾᲬ㐪࠸࡞࠸ ୍ಸࡇࡔࢃࡿࣞࢹ࣭ࣂ࢘ࣥࢸࣇࣝࡀேࡢ⤖ ࡋ࡚ᙼዪࢆ࿌Ⓨࡍࡿࠋࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡣ㐊ᤕࡉࢀ㸪 ፧ࢆㄆࡵࡿࡣࡎࡶ࡞ࡃ㸪ேࡣ㝿ࢆ⛎ᐦࡋ࡚ Ᏻุࡢᒇᩜ࡛ࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࡀ㸪ᙼዪ ࠸ࡿࠋ࠶ࡿ㸪ࣞࢹ࣭ࣂ࢘ࣥࢸࣇࣝࡢぶᡉࡢ ዲពࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ㏆ᡤࡢⱝ࠸⏨ࡀ㸪㎰ኵ୍ᐙࡀ㐊 ⿱⚟࡞㟷ᖺࢡࣟࣇࢶ㸦Mr. Crofts㸧ࡀᒇᩜᅾࡋ㸪 ᤕ㦁ࡂࡢࡉࡃࡉ⣮ࢀ࡚ࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡢ㔠ရࢆ ࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺᜊࢆࡍࡿࠋᙼዪࡀᩍ༊Ꮩඣ࡛࠶ࡗ ┐ࢇࡔࡇࢆ▱ࡾ㸪 ูࡢᏳุッ࠼ࢆ㉳ࡇࡍࠋ ࡓࡇࢆ▱ࡗࡓࢡࣟࣇࢶࡣ㸪ᙼዪࢆ⤖፧ࡢᑐ㇟࡛ ࡇࡢᏳุࡢጔ࣮࣡ࢪ࣮ኵே㸦Mrs. Worthy㸧ࡣ㸪 ࡣ࡞ࡃᛶḧࢆ‶ࡓࡍᑐ㇟ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼㸪࣓ࢻࡢᡭ 㐊ᤕࡉࢀࡓࢧ࣮࣭ࣜࢹࢣࣥࢬࡀࣞࢹ࣭ࣂ࢘ࣥ ᘬࡁ࡛ᙼዪࢆࣞࣉࡋࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࠋ㛫୍㧥࡛㞴ࢆ ࢸࣇࣝࡢᒇᩜࢆฟዑࡋࡓࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ ㏨ࢀࡓࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡔࡗࡓࡀ㸪ᙼዪࡀࣞࣉࡉࢀ ࢆぢᢤࡁ㸪ኵ༠ຊࡋ࡚ᙼዪࢆᩆ࠸ฟࡍ㸪㌟ ࡓᛮ࠸㎸ࢇ࡛⃭ᛣࡋࡓࢧ࣮࣭ࢺ࣐ࢫࡣ㸪ࢡࣟࣇ ඖࢆఅࡏࡓࡲࡲ⮬ศࡢᒇᩜఫࡲࢃࡏࡿࠋ࣮࣡ ࢶࢆࣆࢫࢺ࡛ࣝᧁࡕᡃࢆࡉࡏࡿࠋᒇᩜ␃ ࢪ࣮ኵேࡣࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡢᕼᮃ㏻ࡾ㸪ࣟࣥࢻ࡛ࣥ ࡲࡗ࡚യࢆ⒵ࡸࡋࡓࢡࣟࣇࢶࡣ㸪ࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ ㈗፬ேࡢᒇᩜዊබ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺⤂≧ࢆ᭩࠸࡚ࡸ ࡢᜊࢆᢚ࠼ࡽࢀࡎ㸪ᙼዪࡢ⤖፧ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࡼ࠺ ࡿࠋ ࡞ࡿࠋᙼࡣࣞࢹ࣭ࣂ࢘ࣥࢸࣇࣝẼᣢࡕࢆ ఏ࠼ࡿࡶ㸪ࢧ࣮࣭ࢺ࣐ࢫࡀࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ 㹙➨ 4 㒊㸦Book IV㸧 㹛ࢧ࣮࣭ࣜࢹࢣࣥࢬࢆྡࡗ ᜊ௰࠶ࡿࡇࢆࡢࡵࡍࠋ ࣞࢹ࣭ࣂ࢘ࣥࢸ ࡓࡲࡲ༢㌟࡛ࣟࣥࢻࣥࡸࡗ࡚᮶ࡓࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ ࣇࣝࡣ㸪ᜥᏊࡀࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺᜊࡍࡿࡇ࡞࠶ ࡔࡗࡓࡀ㸪ᡭ㐪࠸ࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ዊබࡍࡿணᐃࡔࡗࡓ㈗ ࡾ࠼࡞࠸ゝ࠸㸪ࢡࣟࣇࢶࡢ༠ຊࢆ⣙᮰ࡍࡿࠋ ፬ேࡣእᅜ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸࡚ᅾࡔࡗࡓࠋᙼዪࡣࡋࡤ ࡽࡃࣟࣥࢻࣥࡢୗᐟ㒊ᒇࢆࡾ࡚ఫࡴࡇ࡞ ➨ 2 ᕳ㸦Vol. II㸧 ࡿࡀ㸪 ྠࡌୗᐟᅾࡍࡿᖺ 2000 ࣏ࣥࢻࡢ⿱⚟ ࡞ࣉࣛࢫᑚ㸦Captain Price㸧ࡋࡘࡇࡃồឡࡉ 㹙➨ 3 㒊㸦Book III㸧 㹛ࣞࢹ࣭ࣂ࢘ࣥࢸࣇࣝࡣ ࢀ㸪ᛂࡌࡎ࠸ࡿࡘ࠸ࡣኪ୰ࣞࣉࡉࢀࡑ ᜥᏊࡢࢧ࣮࣭ࢺ࣐ࢫࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡀேࡁࡾ࡛ ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ ᐇࡣࡇࡢୗᐟࡢዪᑗࡣࡢ௰⪅࡛㸪 ぶࡋࡃヰࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࢆഅ↛ぢࡘࡅ࡚⃭ᛣࡍࡿࠋᙼ ୗᐟேࡢዪࡓࡕࢆ፬ࡋ࡚ᐈ⤂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ ዪࡣᜥᏊࡀ༝ࡋ࠸㌟ศࡢࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ⤖፧ࡍࡿ ࡔࠋ༴࠺ࡃ㞴ࢆ㏨ࢀࡓࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡣูࡢୗᐟ ࡇ࡞Ỵࡋ࡚ㄆࡵࡼ࠺ࡏࡎ㸪ࢧ࣮࣭ࢺ࣐ࢫ ⛣ࡾ㸪ዪᑗࡢ▱ࡾྜ࠸ࡢ᭹ᆅၟࡢዪᛶࡢᗑ࡛ാࡁ ẕࡢ㛵ಀࡣᛴ⃭ᝏࡍࡿࠋ ࣞࢹ࣭ࣂ࢘ࣥࢸ ጞࡵࡿࠋࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡣࡇࡢᗑ࡛㸪ᐑᘐฟධࡾ ࣇࣝࡣࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࢆ㏣࠸ᡶ࠺ࡓࡵࢡࣟࣇࢶ ࡍࡿ㧗㱋ࡢᨻᐙࢆ⤂ࡉࢀ㸪ࡇࡢ⪁ேࡢᒇᩜ ࡢ⤖፧ࢆᙉࡃ່ࡵࡿࡀ㸪ࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡋ࡚ࡣ⮬ ዊබࡉࡏ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࡇ࡞ࡿࡀ㸪⪁ேࡣࢩ࣮ࣕ ศࢆࣞࣉࡋࡼ࠺ࡋࡓ⏨⤖፧ࡍࡿࡇ࡞⪃ ࣟࢵࢺேࡁࡾ࡞ࡿᙼዪࡢయゐࡾ㸪 22 ෆ⏣ ࡞ࢀゝ࠸ฟࡍࠋ⪁ᨻᐙࡢ⏦ࡋฟࢆ᩿ࡗࡓ ࡓᮏࡣࠗᩍ༊Ꮩඣ࡛࠘ࡍࡀ㸪ࡇࢀࡣ࡞࡞㠃ⓑ ࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡣ㸪 ࿘ᅖࡽ෭㐝ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡾ㸪 ࡃ࡚㸪୍Ẽㄞࡳ⤊࠼ࡿࡲ࡛Ṇࡵࡽࢀࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋ ࡉࡽୗᐟࡢ࣓ࢻ㈈⏘ࢆᣢࡕ㏨ࡆࡉࢀ࡚ࡋ ࡓࠖ 㸦Montagu 363㸧 ࠋ3ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ ࡲ࠺ࠋ⏕ࡁࡿࡓࡵ᭹ᆅᒇࡢዪᛶࡸୗᐟࡢዪᑗ ࡣ㸪ፗᴦసရࡋ࡚ࡣ㠀ᖖඃ⚽࡞ᑠㄝ࡞ࡢࡔࠋ 㔠ࢆ㔜ࡡࡓࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡣ㸪ࡘ࠸㔠ࢆ㏉ࡏ࡞ ࡶࡕࢁࢇ㸪ࡇࡢᑠㄝయ⁻࠺␒↦ࡌឤࡣྰ ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚㐊ᤕࡉࢀ㸪മົ⪅┘⊹ධࢀࡽࢀࡿࡇ ࡵ࡞࠸ࠋ⏨ᛶࡢ㌟ᡭ࡞ḧᮃᭀຊ⩻ᘝࡉࢀࡘ ࡞ࡿࠋ ዪᛶࡓࡕࡣ⪁ᨻᐙࢢࣝ࡞ࡾ㸪 ࢩ࣮ࣕ ࡘࡶ⮬ࡽࡢᑛཝࢆᏲࢁ࠺ࡋ࡚㜚࠺ⱝ࠸ዪᛶࢆ ࣟࢵࢺࢆ⤒῭ⓗ㏣࠸ワࡵ࡚⪁ᨻᐙࡢゝ࠸࡞ࡾ ேබᤣ࠼ࡓࡢࡣ㸪ᙜࡢసᐙࢧ࣑࢚࣭ࣗࣝࣜ ࡉࡏࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡔࠋ࣓ࢻࡀࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵ ࢳ࣮ࣕࢻࢯࣥࡢࠗࣃ࣑ࣛ࠘ࡸࠗࢡࣛࣜࢵࢧ࠘ࢆ┿ ࢺࡢ㈈⏘ࢆ┐ࢇࡔࡢࡶᙼዪࡓࡕࡢᣦ♧ࡔࡗࡓࠋࡋ ఝࡓࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࠋேබࡀ㦄ࡉࢀ୍࡚ⓗᐙ࡛ ࡋᢞ⊹ࡢ๓ධࢀࡽࢀࡓ␃⨨ᡤ㸪࣮࣡ࢪ࣮ኵ ᬽࡽࡍࡇ࡞ࡿ࠸࠺タᐃࡶࠗࢡࣛࣜࢵࢧ࠘ ேࡢጜࡀ㐵ࢃࡋࡓᐙᨻ፬㛗ࡀ⌧ࢃࢀ࡚ࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵ ࡽࡢࡾ≀ࡔࠋࡑࡇࣇ࣮ࣝࢹࣥࢢࡢࠗࢺ࣒࣭ ࢺࢆᩆ࠺ࠋ࣮࣡ࢪ࣮ኵேࡢጜࡢᒇᩜ࡛㞠ࢃࢀ࡚ᩘ ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘ࢆᛮࢃࡏࡿ㈗✀ὶ㞳㆓ࡢせ⣲ࢆ⤌ࡳ ᖺࢆ㐣ࡈࡋࡓᙼዪࡣ㸪ࡑࡇ࡛അ↛㸪∗ࡢࣟࣂ࣮ࢺ࣭ ྜࢃࡏ㸪ࡸࡣࡾࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘ࡽேබ ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬᑚࢆᯝࡓࡍࠋࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡢ∗ ࡀᢞ⊹ࡉࢀࡿ࢚ࣆࢯ࣮ࢻࢆΰࡐ㎸ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋᑠㄝ ࣟࣂ࣮ࢺࡣ㸪ጔፉࢆᤞ࡚࡚ጼࢆᾘࡋࡓᚋ㸪ഇྡ ࡢᵓᡂࡶࣇ࣮ࣝࢹࣥࢢసရࢆ┿ఝࡓࡶࡢ࡛㸪 ࢆࡗ࡚ᮾࣥࢻ♫ࡢ㌷ே࡞ࡾ㸪ࣥࢻ࡛ ྛ㒊㸦book㸧ࡢ᭱ึࡢ❶ࡣࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘ ඈࡅࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋᖐᅜࡋࡓࣟࣂ࣮ࢺࡣࡍࡗࡾ࠸ ྠᵝ㸪స⪅ࡀㄞ⪅┤᥋ㄒࡾࡅ࡚సㄽࢆ ᨵࡵ࡚ጔፉࢆ᥈ࡍࡀ㸪ጔࡀṚࢇࡔࡇࢆ▱ࡾ㸪 ࡪࡘ㝶➹ⓗ࡞ᩥ❶࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡏࡵ࡚ፉࡢࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺൾ࠸ࢆࡋࡼ࠺ᙼዪࢆ ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡢ༏ྡస⪅ࡣ㸪⮬ ᥈ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡔࠋࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡣ⿱⚟࡞⤀ኈࡢፉ ศࡢᑠㄝࡀࣇ࣮ࣝࢹࣥࢢసရࡢ␒↦ࡌ࡛࠶ ࠸࠺ᆅࢆᡭධࢀࡓࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࣟࣂ࣮ࢺ ࡿࡇࢆ㸪㞃ࡍࡇࢁ✚ᴟⓗㄆࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᙼ ࡢࡢᏊ∖ࡀஸࡃ࡞ࢀࡤ㸪Ꮚ∖ࡢ⛠ྕ㡿ᆅࡣࣟ ࡲࡓࡣᙼዪࡣ㸪ࡇࡢᑠㄝࡢᗎᩥ࡛ࡇ࠺ㄒࡿࠋ ࠕㄞ⪅ ࣂ࣮ࢺࡀ⥅ࡂ㸪ࡉࡽᙼࡢṚᚋࡣፉࡢࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵ ࡢࡳ࡞ࡉࢇࡐࡦ▱ࡗ࡚࠾࠸࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ࡢ࡛ ࢺࡀ⥅ࡄࡇ࡞ࡿࠋᙼዪࡀྡᐙࡢፉ࡛࠶ࡿ᫂ ࡍࡀ㸪⚾ࡣࢪ࣮ࣙࢮࣇ࣭ࣥࢻ࣮ࣝࢬࡸࢺ࣒࣭ ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓ㸪ࣞࢹ࣭ࣂ࢘ࣥࢸࣇࣝࡀᜥᏊ ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬࡢఏグࢆ᭩࠸ࡓ࠶ࡢ᭷ྡ࡞࠾᪉ࡢ㸪リ ࡢࢧ࣮࣭ࢺ࣐ࢫࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡢ⤖፧ᑐࡍ ⓗ࡞ព࡛ࡢ➨୍Ꮚ࡛ࡍࠋṇᎠࡢᏊࡔࡣ⏦ࡋࡲ ࡿ⌮⏤ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡣᬕࢀ࡚ឡࡋ࠸ ࡏࢇࠋ⚾ࡣ࠶ࡢទᛌ࡞⤀ኈࡢ⚾⏕ඣࡔ࠸࠺ᰤ ࢧ࣮࣭ࢺ࣐ࢫ⤖፧ࡋ㸪࢙࣮࢘ࣝࢬࡢᒇᩜ୍࡛⏕ ‶㊊ࡍࡁ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠖ 㸦History 1: 3㸧 ࠋ ࠗࢪ࣮ࣙࢮ ᖾ⚟ᬽࡽࡋࡓࡢࡔࡗࡓࠋ ࣇ࣭ࣥࢻ࣮ࣝࢬ࠘ 㸦The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews and of His Friend Mr. Abraham Adams, ௨ୖࡢ᱾ᴫࡽศࡿࡼ࠺㸪Ỵࡋ࡚⊂ⓗ࡛ 1742㸧࠸࠺ࡢࡣ࣮࣭࣊ࣥࣜࣇ࣮ࣝࢹࣥࢢࡢ ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀἼࡢ➽❧࡚ࢆᣢࡕ㸪ಶᛶⓗ࡞࢟ࣕ ࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡢ௦⾲స࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢస⪅ࡣ㸪⮬ศࡀ ࣛࢡࢱ࣮ࡀ㇏ᐩ࡞ࡇࡢᑠㄝࡣ㸪BBC ࠶ࡓࡾ࡛ᫎീ ࣇ࣮ࣝࢹࣥࢢࡢᩥᏛୖࡢ⚾⏕ඣࡔゝ࠸ᙇࡿ ࡍࢀࡤⰋ㉁࡞ࢥࢫࢳ࣮࣒࣭ࣗࢻ࣐ࣛ࡞ࡾࡑ࠺ ࡢࡔࠋᐇࡣࠕࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬࠖ࠸࠺ྡ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᐇ㝿⚾ࡗ࡚㸪 ᪥ࠎࡢ㏻㟁㌴࡛ࢫ࣐࣮ ๓ࡶ㸪ࣇ࣮ࣝࢹࣥࢢࡢጔࡢྡࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙ ࢺࣇ࢛ࣥ⏝ࡢ PDF ࣇࣝ㜀ぴࣉࣜධࢀࡓ ࣥࢬ࠘ࡢேබࢺ࣒㸦Tom㸧ࡢᐇࡢ∗ࡢጣࢆ⤌ࡳ ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࢆᑡࡋࡎࡘㄞࡳ㐍ࡵ ྜࢃࡏࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦Moore 759㸧ࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼ ࡿࡢࡣ㸪ࡲࡿ࡛ฟ᮶ࡢⰋ࠸㐃⥆ࢻ࣐ࣛࢆぢ࡚࠸ࡿ ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡣ㸪ࡶࡗࡥࡽࠗࢺ࣒࣭ ࡼ࠺࡞ᴦࡋ࠸⤒㦂ࡔࡗࡓࠋ18 ୡ⣖ࡢᩥ➹ᐙ࣓ ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘ࡢேẼᙜ࡚㎸ࢇࡔฟ᮶ࡢᝏ࠸ᶍೌ ࣮࣭࣮ࣜ࣡ࢺ࣮࣭ࣜࣔࣥࢱࢠ࣮ࣗ㸦Lady Mary సࡢ୍ࡘࡋ࡚ᢅࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ࣌ࣥࢠࣥ∧ࠗࢺ࣒࣭ Wortley Montagu, 1689̽1762㸧ࡀ㸪ፉࡢᡭ⣬࡛ࡇ ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘ࡢᗎᩥ࡛ࡣ㸪ⱥᩥᏛ◊✲⪅ࡢࢺ࣐ࢫ࣭ ࠺ホ౯ࡋࡓࡢࡶ࠺࡞ࡎࡅࡿࠋ ࠕḟ⚾ࡀᡭࢆఙࡤࡋ ࣮࣐࣮࢟㸦Thomas Keymer㸧ࡀ㸪 ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬࡢ≀ㄒ࠘̿̿ࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘ ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢸ࠘ࢆࡘ࡞ࡄᛀࢀࡽࢀࡓᑠㄝ 23 ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡢస⪅ࡀ⮬ศࡢࡇࢆࣇ࣮ࣝࢹࣥ ୍ゝࡔࡗ࡚グ᠈ࡀ࡞ࡃࡗ࡚ࡼ㸪ᮏᙜࡢࡇࢁࠋ ࢢࡢᩥᏛⓗ࡞⏕ࡁࡋࡢᏊࡶࡔᙇࡍࡿࡢࡣ㸪 ̿̿ࡔࡽࡑࢀࢆ㸪ዟࡉࡲ㸪ዟࡉࡲࡢ㈐௵ࡔ ࠕ⮬ࡽࡢᩥయࡀ♧ࡍドᣐ㦫ࡃ↓㡻╔ࠖࡔ ⏦ࡍࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࡑࡢ⨩ࡋ࡚㸪ࡍࡄ㸪 ㏙࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Fielding㸧 ࠋ ࠸࠺ࡇࡣࡇࡢḟࡢᩥ❶ࡢษࢀ┠ࡢࡇࢁ㎺ ☜ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡢ㛗 ࡾ╔ࡁḟ➨㸪ࡶ࠺୍ᗘ๓ࡢ❶ࡶࡗ࡚㸪༑ ࡛ᩓₔ࡞ᩥ❶ࡣ㸪ࣇ࣮ࣝࢹࣥࢢࡢᩥ❶ࡣ㐲 ❶యࢆㄞࡳ㏉ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࠋ 㸦ࢫࢱ࣮ࣥ ࡃཬࡤ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡋࡋࡇࡢᑠㄝࡣ㸪 ࡶࡶࣇ࣮ 㹙ୖ㹛; Sterne; vol. 1, ch. 20㸧 ࣝࢹࣥࢢࡢࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘࠶ࡗࡓせ⣲ ࢆᘬࡁ⥅ࡂ࡞ࡀࡽࡶ㸪 ࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘௨ୖ ᩥ❶ࡢㄒࡾᡭࡀㄞ⪅㸪࠺ࡗࡾࡋ࡚ㄞࡳ㣕ࡤࡋ ᐇ㦂ⓗ࡛㸪ࡴࡋࢁࢫࢱ࣮ࣥࡢࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕ ࡓ⟠ᡤࢆࡶ࠺୍ᗘㄞࡳ┤ࡏࡌࡿࡇࡣ㸪ᬑ㏻ ࣥࢹ࠘ࢆඛྲྀࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ≉Ⰽࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࡍ ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢᮏࡣ≀ㄒࡢ୰ࡢୡ⏺ࢆᥥࡃࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪≀ㄒࡀ࠶ࡓࡶ⌧ᐇ࡛࠶ࡿࡢࡼ࠺ 㣬ࡁ㊊ࡽࡎ㸪⮬ࡽࡀㄞࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⌧ሙࡲ࡛ᥥࡁฟ ࡿ⯙࠺័⩦ࢆ◚ࡗ࡚㸪స⪅ࡸㄒࡾᡭࡀ⮬ศࡢ≀ㄒ ࡋ㸪ࡣ⮬ศࡢㄞࡲࢀ᪉ὀᩥࢆࡘࡅࡿࡢࡔࠋ ࡣᵓࡢసࡾ≀ࡍࡂࡎ㸪ㄞ⪅ㄞࢇ࡛ࡶࡽࡗ࡚ ࢇ࡞ᮏ࡛ࡶ㸪ⴭ⪅ࡀⱞᚰࡋ࡚᭩ࡁ㸪ฟ∧ࡉࢀ ึࡵ࡚Ꮡᅾ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ⮬ࡽゝཬࡋ㸪≀ㄒࡢෆഃ ࡚ὶ㏻ࡋ㸪ㄞ⪅ㄞࢇ࡛ࡶࡽࡗ࡚ึࡵ࡚ヰࡢ୰㌟ ࡢᵓෆୡ⏺㸪≀ㄒࢆㄞࡴㄞ⪅ࡀᬽࡽࡍእ㒊ࡢ ࡀ❧ࡕ⌧ࢀࡿࡢࡔࡀ㸪ᬑ㏻ࡢᮏࡣࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᐇ ⌧ᐇࡢቃ┠ࢆពᅗⓗΰࡉࡏࡿ㸪࣓ࢱࣇࢡ ⮬ࡽゝཬࡋࡓࡾࡣࡋ࡞࠸ࠋㄞ⪅ㄞࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ࢩࣙࣥⓗ࡞⮬ᕫゝཬᛶ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇ࡞▱ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢࡼ࠺㸪ᮏ᮶ㄒࡿࡁࡇ ࡔࡅࢆㄒࡾ⥆ࡅࡿࠋ⮬ศࡀⴭ⪅ࡼࡗ࡚᭩ࢀ㸪 熉熄 ˧ιϒσΙΞϑδϒΐ˨͆刻⹂婑␛へ ᭩⡠㈍ᴗ⏺ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ὶ㏻ࡋ㸪ࡇࡢ▐㛫ㄞ⪅ ㄞࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ᐇࡣ㸪ᮏࡗ࡚ࡣࠕవィ ࡞ࡇࠖ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᵓࡢ≀ㄒࡀ᭩ࢀࡓᮏࡢሙྜ㸪 ࣓ࢱࣇࢡࢩࣙࣥⓗ࡞⮬ᕫゝཬᛶࢆ㢧ⴭ♧ࡍ ᭩ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿෆᐜࡣࡶࡕࢁࢇბ࡞ࡢࡔࡀ㸪స⪅ࡶ 18 ୡ⣖ࢠࣜࢫᑠㄝ࠸࠼ࡤࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛ ㄞ⪅ࡶࡑࢀࡀ࠶ࡓࡶᮏᙜ࡛࠶ࡿࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡾ ࢩࣕࣥࢹ࠘ 㸦1759–67㸧ࡀ᭷ྡ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪◊✲⪅ࡀ ࢆࡋ࡚᭩ࡁ㸪ㄞࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᐇࡶࡲࡓࠕవ ࡼࡃᘬ⏝ࡍࡿࡢࡣ㸪ࡇࡢᑠㄝࡢㄒࡾᡭ࡛࠶ࡿ⤀ኈ ィ࡞ࡇࠖࡔࠋ ࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ㸦Tristram Shandy㸧ࡀ ࡋࡋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࠕవィ࡞ࡇࠖࡲ࡛⮬ࡽㄒࡗ࡚ ㄞ⪅┤᥋ゝⴥࢆࢃࡍ㸪ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ሙ㠃ࡔࠋ ࡋࡲ࠺ᮏࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡀᵓసရ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸪⌧௦ ࡢᢈホ⏝ㄒ࡛ࡣ ࠕ࣓ࢱࣇࢡࢩࣙࣥࠖ 㸦metafiction㸧 ̿̿࠺ࡋ࡚ࡲ࠶ዟࡉࡲ㸪࠶࡞ࡓࡣࡍࡄ๓ࡢ❶ ࡤࢀࡿࠋ ࠕ࣓ࢱࣇࢡࢩࣙࣥࠖ࠸࠺⏝ㄒࡀ ࢆࡑࢇ࡞࠺ࢃࡢ✵࡛ㄞࢇ࡛࠸ࡽࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ㸽 ࢃࢀࡿ௨๓ࡢ 1952 ᖺᩥᏛ◊✲⪅ࡢ࢙࣭࢘ࣥ ⚾ࡢẕࡣ࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢡᩍᚐ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡗࡓ㸪⏦ୖ C࣭ࣈ࣮ࢫ㸦Wayne C. Booth㸧ࡀᣦࡋࡓࡼ࠺㸪 ࡆࡓ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ̿̿࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢡᩍᚐ࡛ ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࠕవィ࡞ࡇࠖࡲ࡛ㄒࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ᮏࡣ㸪 ࡍࡗ࡚㸟 ࡑࢇ࡞ࡇࡣ࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡽ࡞ࡗࡓ ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࠘ࡼࡾࡎࡗ௨๓ ࢃ㸟̿̿ኻ♩࡛ࡍࡀዟᵝ㸪ࡶ࠺୍ᗘࡣࡗࡁࡾ⏦ ࡽᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㸦Booth, “Self-Conscious”㸧 ࠋᩥⱁᢈ ୖࡆࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡣࡑࡢࡇࢆ㸪ࡍࡃ࡞ࡃࡶࡑࡇ ホᐙࡢబࠎᮌᩔࡶࠕ࣓ࢱࣇࢡࢩࣙࣥࡤࢀᚓ ࡢゝⴥࡽ┤᥋᥎ᐃ࡛ࡁࡿ⛬ᗘࡣࡣࡗࡁࡾ㸪 ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࣇࢡࢩࣙࣥࡣ㹙͐㹛ࣇࢡࢩࣙࣥࡢㄌ ⏦ୖࡆ࡚࠾࠸ࡓࡣࡎ࡛ࡍࠋ̿̿ࡑࢀࡌࡷ⚾㸪୍ ⏕ྠᮇࡲ࡛㐳ࡗ࡚ぢฟࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࡔ ࣮࣌ࢪᢤࡋ࡚ㄞࢇࡔࡢ▱ࡽ㸽̿̿࠸࠸ ࢁ࠺ࠖ㏙࡚࠸ࡿ㸦బࠎᮌ 30㸧 ࠋ ࠼ዟࡉࡲ㸪୍ㄒࡔࡗ࡚ᢤࡋ࡚࡞ࢇ࠸ࡽࡗ ࣈ࣮ࢫࡣࠕవィ࡞ࡇࠖࡲ࡛ㄒࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ㄒࡾ ࡋࡷ࠸ࡲࡏࢇࠋ ̿̿ࡌࡷ╀ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࢇࡔࢃ㸪 ࡁࡗ ᡭࡢࡇࢆࠕ⮬ព㆑ⓗ࡞ㄒࡾᡭࠖ㸦self-conscious ࠋ̿̿ࡑࢇ࡞㏨ࡆཱྀୖࡣዟࡉࡲ㸪⚾ࡢ⮬ᑛᚰ narrators㸧ࡧ㸪ㄒࡾᡭࡀ⮬ࡽࡢㄒࡿ≀ㄒࡀ᭩ ࡀࡺࡿࡏࡲࡏࢇࠋ ̿̿ࡑࢀࡌࡷ㸪 ࡑࢇ࡞ࡇࡣ㸪 ࢀࡓࡾㄞࡲࢀࡓࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⌧ሙࡲ࡛ᥥ࠸࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ 24 ෆ⏣ ⾜Ⅽࡢࡇࢆࠕධࠖ 㸦intrusion㸧ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋ ᙼࡣࡇ࠺ࡋࡓධࢆ⾜࡞࠺⮬ព㆑ⓗ࡞ㄒࡾᡭࡢ⣔ స⪅ࣇ࣮ࣝࢹࣥࢢࡣ㸪 ࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘ ㆕ࢆ㸪࣑ࢤ࣭ࣝࢹ࣭ࢭࣝࣂࣥࢸࢫ㸦Miguel de ྛ❶ࡢࢱࢺࣝࡶ࣓ࢱࣇࢡࢩࣙࣥⓗ࡞ㄯࢆ Cervantes Saavedra㸧ࡢࠗࢻ࣭࣮ࣥ࢟࣍ࢸ࠘㸦El ㎸ࢇ࡛࠾ࡾ㸪≀ㄒࡢෆᐜ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ≀ㄒࡢእഃ ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha, 1605–15㸧 ゝཬࡋࡓ❶ࢱࢺࣝࢆࡋࡤࡋࡤࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡓ ࡽ㸪ࢪࣙࢼࢧ࣭ࣥࢫ࢘ࣇࢺ㸦Jonathan Swift, ࠼ࡤࡇࢇ࡞ලྜࡔࠋ ࠕᮏ❶ࡢෆᐜࡣ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣㄞ⪅ࡢ 1667̽1745㸧ࡢࠗᱩ≀ㄒ࠘ 㸦A Tale of a Tub, 1704㸧ࡸ ணࡉࡿࡿࡇࢁ࡞ࡽࢇࠖ 㸦bk. 1, ch. 12㸧 㸪 ࠕࡵ ࣇ࣮ࣝࢹࣥࢢࡢࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘ࢆ⤒࡚ ࡿࡇࢁࡣࢇ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࡃࢮࣟࠖ 㸦bk. 3, ch. ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࠘ ࡲ࡛ࡓࡗ࡚⾜ࡃࠋ 1㸧 㸪 ࠕᮏ❶ࡣస⪅⮬㌟⯙ྎⓏሙࡍࡿࠖ 㸦bk. 3, ch. ࡑࡢ㐣⛬࡛ᙼࡣ㸪௦ⓗࡣࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘ 7㸧 㸪 ࠕᮏᕳ᭱▷ࡢ❶ࠖ 㸦bk. 4, ch. 7㸧 ࠋⱥᩥᏛ◊✲⪅ ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࠘ࡢ㛫ࢆᇙࡵࡿ ࡢ࣐࣮ࢡ࣭ࣈࣛࢵࢡ࢙࢘ࣝ㸦Mark Blackwell㸧ࡣ㸪 ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘࡞ࡢ 1750 ᖺ௦ᑠㄝ ࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘࠾ࡅࡿࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ❶ࢱࢺ ࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࠋ ࣝࡢ㐟ࡧࡘ࠸࡚ࡇ࠺㏙ࡿࠋ ࠕ⮬ศࡀ୧ᡭ࡛ ࡲࡎࡣࣈ࣮ࢫࡸࡢ◊✲⪅ࡓࡕࡀᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸪 ᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ≀ㄒᮏࡢ≀㉁ⓗ࡞ᇶ┙㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ≀ㄒ ࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘ࡢ࣓ࢱࣇࢡࢩࣙࣥᛶࡘ ࡀ༳ๅࡉࢀࡓ⣬ࢆᛮ࠸ฟࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡛㸪ࣇ࣮ࣝ ࠸࡚ᩚ⌮ࡋ࡚࠾ࡇ࠺ࠋࡇࡢᑠㄝࡣ 18 ࡢ㒊㸦book㸧 ࢹࣥࢢࡣㄞ⪅ࢆ≀ㄒࡽᘬࡁ㞳ࡋ㸪ᮏࡀࡑࡢ୰ ࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ྛ㒊ࡢ᭱ึࡢ❶ࡣస⪅ࡀ ྵࢇ࡛࠸ࡿฟ᮶ࡘࡲࡾീୖࡢ㛫࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪 ㄞ⪅┤᥋ㄒࡾࡅࡿ࢚ࢵࢭ㢼ࡢᩥ❶࡞ࡗ࡚ ᮏ⮬యࢆぢࡿࡇࢆಁࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࠖ 㸦Blackwell ࠾ࡾ㸪ࡑࡇ࡛స⪅ࡣᑠㄝࢆ᭩ࡃࡇ୍⯡ࡘ࠸࡚ 236㸧 ࠋ ㄒࡗࡓࡾ㸪ேබࡢࢺ࣒ࢆࡵࡄࡿ≀ㄒࢥ࣓ࣥࢺ ≀ㄒࡢᮏ㢟ࡽ⬺⥺ࡋ࡚㸪≀ㄒࡢᩥ❶ࡀ᭩ࢀ ࢆຍ࠼ࡓࡾࡍࡿࠋ⌧௦ࡢ୍⯡ⓗ࡞ᑠㄝࡸᫎ⏬࡛࠶ ࡓࡾㄞࡲࢀࡓࡾࡍࡿሙ㛵ࡍࡿࠕవィ࡞ࡇࠖࢆ ࢀࡤ㸪సᐙࡸ┘╩ࡀ⮬సࡘ࠸࡚ㄒࡿ࢚ࢵࢭࡸ ㄒࡿ⮬ᕫゝཬᛶࡀ࠼ࡿຠᯝࡢ୍ࡘࡣ㸪ࡑ࠺ࡍࡿ ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗグࡋู࡚ࡢሙᡤⓎ⾲ࡉࢀࡿࡶ ࡇ࡛ࡲࡿ࡛㸪ᩥ❶ࢆ᭩࠸࡚࠸ࡿస⪅ࡀ┠ࡢ๓ ࡢࡀ㸪ࡇࡢᑠㄝ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡽࡌࡵసရෆ㒊᭩ࡁ㎸ ❧ࡕ⌧ࢃࢀࡓࡢࡼ࠺࡞㘒ぬࢆㄞ⪅࠼㸪࠶ࡓ ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅࡔࠋᮏ᮶࡞ࡽᑠㄝࡢእ㒊࠶ࡿ ࡶస⪅ㄞ⪅ࡢ㛫᪉ྥⓗ࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ ࡁࠕవィ࡞ࡇࠖࡀ㸪ᑠㄝࡢෆ㒊⤌ࡳ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚ ࢩࣙࣥࡀᡂࡾ❧ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᗁࢆ㔊ࡋฟ ࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋྛ㒊ࡢ᭱ึࡢ❶㝈ࡽࡎ㸪ᚲせ ࡏࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡔࠋ ࠶ࡽࡤస⪅ࡣ࠸ࡘ࡛ࡶ≀ㄒࡢ㏵୰࡛๓㠃ࡋࡷ ࡓ࠼ࡤ௬⚾ࡀࡇࡇ࡛ࠕ⚾ࡀࡇࡢ⟠ᡤࢆ᭩࠸ ࡋࡷࡾฟ࡚㸪ࡇࢇ࡞ࡩ࠺ㄒࡾጞࡵࡿࠋ ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ⥾ษ๓᪥ࡢ 2015 ᖺ 12 ᭶ 6 ᪥㸦᪥᭙㸧 ࡛ࡍࠋᯝࡓࡋ࡚⚾ࡣ㸪ᮇ㝈ࡲ࡛ࡇࡢཎ✏ࢆୖ ࡇࢁ࡛ㄞ⪅ㅖྩ㸪ࡇࢀ௨ୖࡈ࠸ࡗࡋࡻヰࢆ ࡆࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸽㸦ờ㸧 ࠖ᭩ࡁ㎸ 㐍ࡵࡿ๓࠾ࡇࢃࡾࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࡢࡀࡼ࠸ᛮ࠺ ࢇࡔࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢᩥ❶ࢆㄞࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ࠶࡞ࡓࡣ㸪࿈ ࡀ㸪వࡣࡇࡢ≀ㄒࡢ㏵୰࡛㸪ᚲせᛮ࠺ࡈ ࢀ࡚ࡇࢀ௨ୖㄞࡳ㐍ࡵࡿẼࢆ࡞ࡃࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡶ ఱᗘ࡛ࡶ⬺⥺ࡍࡿࡘࡶࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠸ࡘࡑࢀࡀᚲ ࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࡋ㸪ࣃࢯࢥࣥࡢ๓࡛⬡ờࢆὶࡋ࡚ⱞ㜚ࡍ せ࠸࠺ࡇࡣ㸪࡞࠸ᢈホᐙㅖ㈼࡞ࡼࡾ ࡿᏛᩍဨࢆᛮ࠸ᾋ࡚ⱞ➗ࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿࡶࡋ వ⮬㌟ࡢุ᩿ࡢ࠺ࡀṇࡋ࠸ࡢࡔࠋࡔࡽࡇࡢ ࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡶࡋࡶ࠶࡞ࡓࡀⱞ➗ࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿ࡞ࡽ㸪࠶ 㝿ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ᢈホᐙㅖẶ㸪ࡼࡅ࠸࡞࠾ࡏࡗ࠸ ࡞ࡓࡣ➹⪅࡛࠶ࡿ⚾ᑐࡋ࡚ࢇࡢᑡࡋぶᐦࡉࢆ ࡣࡍࡿ࡞㸪ྩࡽ࡞ࢇࡢ㛵ಀࡶ࡞࠸ၥ㢟ཱྀฟ ឤࡌ࡚ࡃࢀࡓࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ ࠕవィ࡞ࡇࠖࢆㄒࡿ⮬ ࡋࡣࡍࡿ࡞㸪ᕼᮃࡋ࡚࠾ࡡࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋᙼ ᕫゝཬᛶࡣ㸪ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ຠᯝࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࡔࠋ ࡽࡀุᐁࢆᣢࡗ࡚௵ࡎࡿࡔࡅࡢᶒጾ࠸࠺ࡶ ࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘ࡢᣢࡘ⮬ᕫゝཬᛶࡀ㸪స⪅ ࡢࢆᥦ♧ࡏࡠࡂࡾ㸪వࡣᙼࡽࡢุᶒᑐࡋ ㄞ⪅ࡢ㛫᪉ྥࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢᗁ ࡚⏦ࡋ㛤ࡁ࡞ࡣࡏࡠࡘࡶࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㸦ࣇ࣮ࣝ ࢆసࡾฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࣈ࣮ࢫࡣࡇ࠺㏙ ࢹࣥࢢ 1: 18; Fielding; bk. 1, ch. 2㸧 ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠕ௬㸪ࢺ࣒ࡢ≀ㄒࢆ↓どࡋ࡚㸪୍ぢ ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬࡢ≀ㄒ࠘̿̿ࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘ ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢸ࠘ࢆࡘ࡞ࡄᛀࢀࡽࢀࡓᑠㄝ 25 ᚲせᛮ࠼ࡿㄒࡾᡭࡢฟ⌧ࡢࡍ࡚ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ㄞࢇ ୖ㏙ࡓࡼ࠺࡞⮬ᕫゝཬᛶࢆഛ࠼ࡓࠗࢺ࣒࣭ ࡛⾜ࡃࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣㄒࡾᡭㄞ⪅ ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࠘ࡢ ࡢ㛫ࡢぶᐦࡉࡀḟ➨῝ࡲࡗ࡚⾜ࡃ࠸࠺㐃⥆ࡋ 㛫ฟ∧ࡉࢀࡓࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘࡞ ࡓ୍ࡘࡢヰࢆⓎぢࡍࡿࠋࡑࢀ⮬య୍✀ࡢࣉࣟࢵࢺ 1750 ᖺ௦ࡢᑠㄝ࡛ࡶ㸪ࡸࡣࡾࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞࣓ࢱࣇ ࢆᣢࡕ㸪⊂❧ࡋࡓ⤖ᮎࢆᣢࡘ୍ࡘࡢヰࢆࠖ 㸦ࣈ࣮ࢫ ࢡࢩࣙࣥⓗᐇ㦂ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇࡑࡇ 274; Booth, Rhetoric 216㸧 ࠖ ࠋ ࡣࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘ࡢᙳ㡪ࡀⰍ⃰࠸ࡢࡔࡀ㸪 ࢫࢱ࣮ࣥࡢࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࡛࠘ࡣ㸪 ࠕ࠾ࡢࢀࡀࣇࢡࢩ࡛ࣙࣥ࠶ࡿࡇࢆ⮬ࡽព㆑ࡋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺⮬ᕫゝཬᛶࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚᪉ྥࢥ࣑ࣗࢽ ࡚ᡙࢀࡿⅬࡸ㸪≀ㄒࡀᮏᙜ࡛࠶ࡿࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᗁ ࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢᗁࢆ㔊ࡋฟࡍసᴗࡀ㸪࠸ࡗࡑ࠺㢖 ࢶࢵࢥ࣑ࢆධࢀࡿⅬ࡛㸪 ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ ⦾ࡘᚭᗏⓗ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢ௳ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪 ࢬ࠘ࡣࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘ࡢ୍ࡘඛࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ ⚾ࡶࡍู࡛ࡢㄽᩥ࡛ᣦࡋࡓࡇࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦ෆ⏣, ࡿࠖ㸦Blackwell 236㸧࠸࠺ぢゎࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ⚾ࡶ ࠕࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒ࣛࠖ 㸧 ࠋㄒࡾᡭࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒ࣛࡣ㸪ࡶࡣ ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡢ⮬ᕫゝཬᛶࡣ㸪 ࠗࢺ ࡸ⦅ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࢇࠕవィ࡞ࡇࠖࡋㄒࡗ ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘ ࡼࡾ ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࠘ ࡚࠸࡞࠸ゝࡗ࡚࠸࠸ࡢࡔࡀ㸪ࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒ࣛࡢ ࡣࡿ㏆࠸ᛮ࠺ࠋ ࡵ࡞࠸ኴヰࡁྜࡗ࡚࠸ࡿㄞ⪅ࡣ㸪ḟ➨ ࣈ࣮ࢫࡣࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘࡞ࡢ 1750 ࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒ࣛࡀ⮬ศࡢぶࡋ࠸ே࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࡢࡼ ᖺ௦ᑠㄝࡀࠕవィ࡞ࡇࠖࢆㄒࡾࡍࡂ࡚࠸ࡿⅬࢆ ࠺࡞Ẽศ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢࡔࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇ㸪ㄒࡾᡭ ᢈุࡍࡿࠋ ࠕࡓ࠼㸪୍ᅄᖺࡽ୍භࠐᖺ ࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒ࣛࡶస⪅ࢫࢱ࣮ࣥࡶࡑࡢࡇࢆ▱ࡗ࡚ ᑠㄝᐙࡢㄡࡀ㸪ࣇ࣮ࣝࢹࣥࢢࡀぢࡏ࡚ࡃࢀ ࠸ࡿࠋ࠶ࡿព࡛ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࠘ ࡓᇽࠎࡓࡿ႐ⓗ⾜ືࢆᥥࡃࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ௬ᐃ ࠸࠺సရࢆ㥑ືࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࢆ᫂ࡋ ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪ᙼࡽࡢከࡃࡣὀព῝ࡃㄪ⠇ࡉࢀࡓࣇ࣮ ࡚࠸ࡿࡶゝ࠼ࡿ⟠ᡤࢆᘬ⏝ࡋࡼ࠺ࠋ ࣝࢹࣥࢢࡢ✍ࡉࢆὀពࡶከ⏝ࡋ㐣ࡂ࡚㸪 ₯ᅾⓗ࡞႐ⓗࣉࣟࢵࢺࢆそ࠸㞃ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡇ ࡔࢇࡔࢇ⚾࠸ࡗࡋࡻ㐍ࢇ࡛ୗࡉࢀࡤ㸪 ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡇࢀࢆ᭱ࡶⰋࡃ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿసရࡢ୍ ேࡢ㛫ⱆࡤ࠼ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࡍ࡞┦㆑ࡢ㛵ಀ ࡘࡣ㸪 ࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘ࡽ୍ᖺࡶࡓࡓ࡞࠸࠺ ࡣ㸪㐍ࢇ࡛ぶ㏆ឤ࡞ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢࡲࡓぶ㏆ឤࡣ㸪 ࡕ༏ྡ࡛ฟ∧ࡉࢀࡓ ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ㸪 ࠶࡞ࡓ⚾ࡀࡕࡽࡀኻ⟇࡛ࡶ≢ࡉࡠࡂࡾ ࡲࡓࡣᖾ㐠࡞Ꮩඣ࠘࠸࠺సရ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ 㸦ࣈ࣮ࢫ ࡣ㸪᭱ᚋࡣࡶ࡞ࡿࡇ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ̿̿࠶ 284; Booth, Rhetoric 224㸧ࠋࣈ࣮ࢫࡼࢀࡤ㸪 ࠶㸪ࡑࡢࡍࡤࡽࡋࡁ᪥㸟̿̿ࡑ࠺࡞ࢀࡤࡇࡢ⚾ ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡀኻᩋࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⌮⏤ ࡢ㌟ࡍࡇࡋ࡛ࡶࢃࡾࡢ࠶ࡿࡇࡣ㸪ࡶ ࡣ㸪 ࠕవィ࡞ࡇࠖࢆㄒࡾࡍࡂ࡚⫢ᚰࡢᮏ㢟ࡀ࠾ࢁ ࡼࡾல⣽ࡣᛮࢃࢀࡎ㸪⪺࠸࡚㏥ᒅࡶᛮ࠼ࡠ ࡑ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࡿࡀᨾࢃࡀぶឡ࡞క࡞ࡿࡼ㸪 㹙͐㹛ேࡋ࡚ࢯࣟࣜࢯࣟࣜࡲ࠸ࡿ㛫㸪⚾ ࡇࡢస⪅ࡣ㸪ᙼࡢࠕࣇ࣮ࣝࢹࣥࢢ∗ࡉࢇࠖ ࡶ➗࠾࠺ࡶ㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⚾ࡵࢆ➗࠸ࡢࡓ ࡢẼ⣮ࢀ࡞㠃ࡔࡅࢆᨾពᶍೌࡋࡼ࠺ࡋ㸪 ࡡ࡞ࡉࢁ࠺ࡶ㸪せࡍࡿఱࢆ࡞ࡉࢀࡼ࠺ ࣇ࣮ࣝࢹࣥࢢ⮬㌟ࡣ┿⪃࠼࡚࠸࡞࠸ᙼ ࡶ୍ྥࡲࢃࡠࡀ̿̿ࡓࡔ▷Ẽࡔࡅࡣ㉳ࡇࡉ ࡢḟࡢࠕᏛㄝࠖࢆ㸪ࡲࡌࡵྲྀࡗࡓࡼ࠺ࡔࠋ ࠕస ࡎ࠸࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ 㸦ࢫࢱ࣮ࣥ㹙ୖ㹛; ⪅ࡣ㸪ࡍ࡚ࡢᢈホࡢᶒጾ⪅ࡀఱࢆゝ࠾࠺㸪 Sterne; vol. 1, ch. 6㸧 ዲࡁ࡞㸪ዲࡁ࡞ሙᡤ࡛⬺⥺ࢆࡍࡿ⤯ᑐⓗ࡞ᶒ ࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ᙜᗙࡢヰ㢟㛵ಀࡀ࠶ࢁ࠺ࡀ࡞ࢁ ࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒ࣛࡢ᭱ࡢᙅⅬࡣ㸪ㄞ⪅ࡀ㣬ࡁࡿ࡞ࡾ ࠺ࡀ㸪㢌┿ࡗඛᾋࢇࡔࡇࢆఱ࡛ࡶ᭩࠸ ᛣࡿ࡞ࡾࡋ࡚ㄞࡴࡢࢆṆࡵ࡚ࡋࡲ࠼ࡤ㸪ᙼࡢᏑᅾ ࡚㸪⮬ศ⮬㌟ㄞ⪅ࢆᴦࡋࡲࡏࡿᶒࡀ࠶ࡿࠖ ࠋ ⮬యࡀᾘ⁛ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡔࡽࡇࡑᙼ ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࡣゝࢃࡎࡶࡀ࡞㸪ࡇࡢᏛㄝࢆ㏣ồࡍࡿ ࡣㄞ⪅ࠕ▷Ẽࡔࡅࡣ㉳ࡇࡉࡎ࠸࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ ࡓࡵ㸪ࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬࡣỴࡋ࡚ᛀࢀࡽࢀࡿ ࠸ࠖ᠓㢪ࡍࡿࡢࡔࠋ ࡇࡣ࡞ࡗࡓࡢ㸪ࡇࡢẼࡢẘ࡞Ꮩඣࡣ㸪ఱ 26 ෆ⏣ ༑࣮࣌ࢪࡶΏࡗ࡚ᛀࢀࡽࢀࡿࡇࡀࡋࡤࡋࡤ 13; bk. 1, ch. 1㸧 ࠶ࡿࠋ႐ᑠㄝ࡛࠶ࡿࡣࡎࡢࡶࡢࡀ㸪స⪅ࡢ࠾ ࡅࡓධࡢࡓࡵ㸪ษࢀษࢀࡢ᩿∦࡞ࡗ࡚ ࣇ࣮ࣝࢹࣥࢢసရࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕ ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㸦ࣈ࣮ࢫ 285; Booth, Rhetoric ࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡢ≉ᚩࡣ㸪ࡇࡢᑠㄝࡀㄞ⪅ࡢ 226㸧 ఱྡࢆᑠㄝࡢෆ㒊Ⓩሙࡉࡏ㸪ྎモࡲ࡛࠼࡚ ࠸ࡿࡇࡔࠋࡇࡢᢏἲࡣࡍ࡛ぢࡓࡼ࠺㸪9 ᖺ ࣈ࣮ࢫࡣࡑ࠺᭩࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࡀ㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ≀ゝ ᚋห⾜ࡉࢀࡿࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࡛࠘ ࠸ࡣ㸪ࢠࣜࢫᩥᏛࡢṇࡋ࡚ㄆࡵࡽࢀᙉ ࡶ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ ࡞ࣈࣛࣥࢻຊࢆᣢࡘࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘ࡸࠗࢺ ࢬ࠘ࡢస⪅ࡀ㸪ேබࡢᗊㆤ⪅ࣞࢹ࣭ࣂ࢘ࣥࢸ ࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࠘࠸ࡗࡓసရᑐࡍࡿ ࣇࣝࡢḞⅬࡋ࡚㸪ᐙࡸ⾑➽㐣ࡇࡔࢃࡿ 㐣࡞ಙ㢗㸪୍㒊ࡢዲᐙࢆ㝖ࡅࡤㄡࡶㄞࡲ ᛶ᱁ࢆᣦࡍࡿሙ㠃ࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ ࢀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ᛀࢀཤࡽࢀࡓ㸪 ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࢆࡣࡌࡵࡍࡿࡘ࡚ࡢὶ⾜ᑠㄝࡢ೫ ㄞ⪅ࡢࡳ࡞ࡉࢇࡐࡦ▱ࡗ࡚࠾࠸࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ ぢࡀࡌࡳฟ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺⚾ࡣᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ௨ୗ ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀ㸪ࣞࢹ࣭ࣂ࢘ࣥࢸࣇࣝࡣ☜ ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡽ࠸ࡃࡘᆺ ඃࡋࡃ࡚❧ὴ࡞ே᱁⪅࡛ࡣ࠶ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ㸪 ⓗ࡞࣓ࢱࣇࢡࢩࣙࣥⓗሙ㠃ࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆ࡚ࡳࡿࡢ ḞⅬࡶ࠶ࡗ࡚㸪ࡕࡻࡗᅔࡗࡓࡇࢁࡀ࠶ࡿே ࡛㸪ࣈ࣮ࢫࡢᢈุࡀᙜࡓࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠺㸪ࡇࡢ ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡔࡽゝࡗ࡚㸪࠶ࡽ᥈ࡋᒇࡢࢭࣥ ᩥ❶ࢆㄞࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ࠶࡞ࡓุ᩿ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ ࢯ࣮ࣜࢫᎹ㹙Miss Censorious㹛 㸪ኚẼࢆᅇࡋ ࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥ ࡚ពᆅᝏ࡞ീࢆࡋ࡞࠸࡛ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࡡࠋᙼዪࡢ ࢹ࠘ඹ㏻ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸪స⪅ㄞ⪅ࡀ୍⥴᪑ࢆ ḞⅬ࠸࠺ࡢࡣ㸪࠶࡞ࡓࡀീࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽぶࢆ῝ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡼ࠺࡞ㄒࡾ᪉ࡣ㸪 ࡞ࡶࡢࡌࡷ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡼࠋᙼዪࡣ࠾ࡁࡢ∾ᖌ ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࡛࠘ࡶ㢖⦾⏝࠸ࡽࢀ ࠸࠸௰࡞ࡗࡓࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡏࢇࡋ㸪̿̿ࡶࡕ ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᑠㄝࡢ᭱ึࡢ❶ࡽᘬ⏝ࡋ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ ࢁࢇ࠾ࡁࡢ་ᖌࡶ̿̿ୡ⏺୰ࡢࡢ⏨ࡶ ࡛ࡍࠋᙼዪࡣ㝆ࡗࡓࡤࡾࡢ㞷ࡢࡼ࠺⣧₩࡞ ㄞ⪅ࡢࡳ࡞ࡉࢇࢆࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬᎹ ே࡛㸪 ࡑࡢ⬚࠶ࡩࢀࡿ⇕ࡣ㸪 ୡ㛫୍⯡ࡢேࠎ ࡈ⤂ࡍࡿ๓㸪ࡲࡎࡣᙼዪࡢேࡓࡕࡢ▱㐝 ࡢឡ㸪ᬑ㐢ⓗ࡞ឿឡࡽ⏕ࡌࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡋ ࢆᚓ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡡࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋỴࡋ࡚࠶࡞ࡓ ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࠕኻ♩ࡡ㸟 ⚾ࡣᙼዪࡀࡃࡔࡽ࡞ ᪉ࡢయ㠃ࢆയࡘࡅࡓࡾࡋ࡞࠸㸪ேရ༝ࡋࡽࡠ ࠸⏨ࡓࡕ࡛ࡁ࡚ࡿ࡞ࢇ࡚ᛮࡗ࡚࡞࠸ࢃࡼࠋ࠶ ேࡓࡕ࡛ࡍࡽࡡࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࡳ࡞ࡉࢇ㸪ࡣࡿࡤ ࢇࡓࡀ࠶ࢇࡲࡾࡆࡉゝ࠺ࡽ㸪ࡼࡗࡱࡢ ࡿ࢙࣮࢘ࣝࢬࡢ࣮࣐࣮࢝ࢮࣥࢩ࣮ࣕࡲ࡛⾜ࡗ࡚ ḞⅬ࡞ࢇࡔࢁ࠺࡞ᛮࡗࡓࡔࡅࡌࡷ࡞࠸ࡢࠋ࡛ ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋᬑ㏻᪑⾜ࢆࡍࢀࡤᩘ᪥ ࡶ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡇࢇ࡞ࡌࡽࡏࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ㸽 ࡿ㛗࠸㊥㞳࡛ࡍࡅࢀ㸪ࢃࢀࢃࢀస⪅ࡣ ࠸࠸ࡆࢇࡑࡢ⪁࠸ࡰࢀࣄࣟࣥࡢࡍࡈ࠸Ḟ ࡘࡡ㸪㍍ࠎ✵ࢆ㥑ࡅࡿ㤿㌴ࡀ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ Ⅼࡸࡽࢆᩍ࠼࡚ࡼࠋࡲࡗࡓࡃീࡶࡘ࡞࠸ ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡇ࠸ࡘࢆ࠼ࡤㄞ⪅ࡢࡳ࡞ࡉࢇࡣ㸪 ࠶ࡗ ࡅ㸪ࡇࡇࡲ࡛ᩍ࠼ࡓࡀࡽ࡞࠸ࡗ࡚ࡇࡣ㸪ᮏ ࠸࠺㛫㸪ࡇࢀࡼࡾࡎࡗ㐲ࡃࡔࡗ࡚ࡸࡍ ᙜࡦ࠸ḞⅬ࡞ࡢࡼࡡࠖ 㸦History 1: 25̽26; bk. ࡸࡍ⛣ື࡛ࡁࡿ࠸࠺ࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋస⪅࠸࠺ 1, ch. 1㸧4 ࡶࡢ㸪࠶ࡿ✀ࡢ㨱ἲࡢ࠸ᡭ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ࡞ࠋࢃࢀ ࢃࢀࡀ୍ゝࡋࡷࢀࡤ࠶ࡽᛮ㆟㸪ࡳ࡞ࡉࢇࡣ ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘Ⓩሙࡍࡿㄞ⪅ࡣ㸪 ࠸ࡿ⨨␃ࡲࡗࡓࡲࡲ㸪ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡀࡳ࡞ࡉ ୖࡢᘬ⏝࡛స⪅ᴙ✺࠸࡚࠸ࡿࢭࣥࢯ࣮ࣜࢫᎹ ࢇ᮶࡚ࡋ࠸ሙᡤ㐠ࡧཤࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋⱥᩥᏛ◊✲⪅ࡢࣟࣂ࣮ࢺ࣭ࣇ࢛࣮ ࡽࡶ࠺㨱ἲࡢຠࡁ┠ࡀ⌧ࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸽 ࢡࣥࣇࣜࢵࢡࡀゝ࠺ࡼ࠺㸪 ࠕ ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ ࡣ࠸㸪 ╔ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡀ㝆ࡾ❧ࡗࡓࡢࡣ㸪 ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡣ㸪ㄞ⪅ࡋ࡚ゝⴥࢆᕪࡋᣳࡴࡓࡵࡔࡅ ྂ࠸❧ὴ࡞࠾ᒇᩜࡢ㛛ࡢ๓࡛ࡍࠋ 㸦History 1: 12– Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ࢟ࣕࣛࢡࢱ࣮࡛࠶ࡩࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠖࡢࡔ ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬࡢ≀ㄒ࠘̿̿ࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘ ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢸ࠘ࢆࡘ࡞ࡄᛀࢀࡽࢀࡓᑠㄝ 27 㸦Folkenflik 54㸧 ࠋᙼࡽࡢࢇࡣࡓࡔ 1 ᗘࡁࡾ ࢀ࡚ࡣኚ㸪⇵ྎࢆᣢࡕཤࢁ࠺ࡋࡲࡍࡀ㸪 ࡋⓏሙࡋ࡞࠸ࠋࡣ୍ᗘఱேࡶࡢㄞ⪅ࡀⓏ ࠾ᎹᵝࡧṆࡵࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ ࠕࡡ࠼࣏࣮ࣜ㸪ኪ ሙࡋ㸪ேබࡢ⾜ືࢆࡵࡄࡿ㆟ㄽࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓࡾࡍ ࡣᬬࡃ࡚ࡓࡲࡽ࡞࠸ࢃࠋࡇࡢࡲࡲࡌࡷ࠸ࡘࡲ࡛ ࡿࠋࡑࡢᵝᏊࡣ㸪ࡲࡿ࡛㐃⥆ࢻ࣐ࣛࡢᨺᫎ┤ᚋ ⤒ࡗ࡚ࡶ╀ࢀ࡞࠸ࡽ㸪࠾๓ࡀఱㄞࢇ࡛ᐷ ࢶࢵࢱ࣮࡛႐ࠎࡋ࡚ឤࢆ㏙ྜࡗࡓࡾᚋ ࡏ࡚ࡕࡻ࠺ࡔ࠸ࠋ̿̿ୗࡢᐈ㛫⾜ࡗ࡚㸪⚾ࡀ ࡢᒎ㛤ࢆணࡋྜࡗࡓࡾࡍࡿど⫈⪅ࡓࡕࢆᛮࢃࡏ ༗ᚋㄞࢇ࡛࠸ࡓࠗᩍ༊Ꮩඣ࠘ࡢ➨ 1 ᕳࢆྲྀࡗ ࡿࠋ⌧௦ࡢࢸࣞࣅࢻ࣐࡛ࣛ࠶ࢀࡤ㸪≀ㄒࡢෆ㒊࡛ ࡚ࡁ࡚ࠋࢫࣆࢿࢵࢺࡢୖ⨨࠸ࡓࡣࡎࡔࡽࠖ ࠶ࡿࢻ࣐ࣛᮏయ≀ㄒࡢእ㒊࡛࠶ࡿࢶࢵࢱ࣮࡛ ࣏࣮̿̿ࣜࡣࡑࡢ㏥ᒅ࡞ᮏࢆᣢࡗ࡚ᡠࡗ࡚ࡃࡿ ࡢ㡪ศࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡀ㸪 ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ 㸪࠾Ꮉᵝࡢ࣋ࢵࢻࡢ⬥⭜ࡅࡲࡍࠋ ࠕࡉ࡚࠾ ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘࠾࠸࡚ࡣࡕࡽࡶࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࡢෆ㒊᭩ Ꮉᵝ㸪ࡇࡽㄞࡳጞࡵࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ࣮࣌ࢪࡢ㝮 ࡁ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࠋ ࡣᢡࡗ࡚࠶ࡾࡲࡍ㸽ࠖ ࠕ㤿㮵ࡡ㸪ࡑࢇ࡞ࡇࡋ ➨ 1 㒊➨ 4 ❶ࡢ᭱ᚋ࡛ࡣ㸪స⪅ࡀㄞ⪅┤᥋ࡇ ࡞࠸ࢃࠋ ᮏࡀ࠸ࡃࡘࡶࡢ❶ศࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ㸪 ࠺ヰࡋࡅࡿࠋ ࠕ⚾ࡣࡶ࠺㸪⚾ࡢྍ࡞ᩍ༊Ꮩඣࡀ ࣮࣌ࢪࢆᢡࡗ࡚യࡘࡅࡿࡼ࠺࡞㓶࠸័⩦ࢆ㜵ࡄ ၿⰋ࡞ౝዪࡢ࣐࣮ࢪ୍࣮ࣕࣜ⥴㤿㌴ࡾ㸪 ࡓࡵࡌࡷ࡞࠸ࡢࠋ ࡑ࠺ࡑ࠺㸪 స⪅ࡀゝࡗ࡚ࡓࢃࠋ ࣞࢹ࣭ࣂ࢘ࣥࢸࣇࣝࡢᒇᩜྥࡗࡓࡢࢆぢ ☜̿̿➨ 6 ❶ࡢ⤊ࢃࡾࡲ࡛ㄞࢇࡔࡇࢆぬ࠼ ᒆࡅࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡽ㸪ࡇࡢ࠶ࡓࡾ࡛ㄞ⪅ࡢࡳ࡞ࡉ ࠸࡚ࡃࢀࡗ࡚ࠋ➨ 7 ❶ࢆ㛤࠸࡚㸪᭱ึࡢࡇ ࢇࡣ୍╀ࡾࡋࡓࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ࠾ዲࡁ࡞ᴦࡋࡳ⯆ ࢁࢆ⪺ࡏ࡚ࡕࡻ࠺ࡔ࠸ࠖ ࠋ ࣏࣮ࣜࡀㄞࡳጞࡵࡲ ࡌ࡚࠸ࡓࡔ࠸࡚⤖ᵓ࡛ࡍࠋࡓࡔࡋㄞࡴࡢࢆ୰᩿ࡋ ࡍࠋ ࠕ➨ 7 ❶̿̿ࢃࢀࡽࡀࣞࢹ࣭ࣇࣥࢩࣇࣝ ࡓࡢࡀ➨ 4 ❶ࡢ⤊ࢃࡾࡔ࠸࠺ࡇࡔࡅࡣ㸪ぬ࠼ ࡢࣜࢫࡀṚࢇࡔࡇ࡛㸪ᒇᩜࡢ୰ࡣ࡚ࢇࡸࢃࢇ ࡚࠾࠸࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࡡࠖ 㸦History 1: 66̽67; bk. 1, ch. 4㸧 ࠋ ࡸࡢΰࠋᨺࡗ࡚࠾ࡅࡤ῝้࡞⤖ᯝࢆᣍࡁ ࡲࡿ࡛బࠎᮌᩔࡀࠕࣃࣛࣇࢡࢩࣙࣥࠖࡪ✀ ࡡ࡞࠸ࡇࢁ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡋࡋఀ㐩⏨ࡢࢣࣞࢫ 㢮ࡢᑠㄝ㸦బࠎᮌ 214; 222–23㸧 㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ⮬ࡽࡀ ྩࡀᶵ㌿ࢆࡏཱྀ࡚ࡋࡓⓗ☜࡞ゝⴥࡀ㸪ࡇ ࠕㄞࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ᐇẼ࡙࠸ ࡢࡀᕳࡁ㉳ࡇࡋࡓᔒࢆ㟼ࡵ࡚ࡃࢀࡓࡢ࡛ ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢᐇࢆᑠㄝࡋ࡚ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉⤌ࡳධ ࡍࠖ̿̿ࠕᚅࡗ࡚㸪ㄞࡳ᪉ࡀ᪩ཱྀ㐣ࡂࡿࢃࡼࠋ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࣓ࢱࣇࢡࢩࣙࣥసရࡢࡼ࠺㸪 ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕ ୍ゝࡶពࡀศࢇ࡞࠸ࡋࠋఀ㐩⏨ࡔࡢࣜࢫࡔ ࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡢస⪅ࡣࠕ࠶࡞ࡓࡣ㸪ࡇࡢ ࡢࣞࢹ࣭ࣇࣥࢩࣇࣝࡔࡢࡗ࡚㸪 ࠸ࡗࡓ࠸ఱࠋ ᩥ❶ࢆ㸪ㄞࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠖ࠸࠺ᐇࢆ㸪ࡓࡧࡓࡧㄞ ࡑࢇ࡞ࡢ୍ᗘࡶฟ࡚ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࡌࡷ࡞࠸ࡢࠋࡲ ⪅ᛮ࠸㉳ࡇࡉࡏࡿࠋ ࡔࡑࡇࡲ࡛ㄞࢇ࡛࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡋࡽࠋࡶ࠺ ୖ࡛ᘬ⏝ࡋࡓ➨ 4 ❶ࡢᮎᑿࡢ┤ᚋ㸪➨ 5 ❶ࡢෑ ࡕࡻࡗᡠࡗ࡚ࡃࢀࡿ㸽 ࡇࡢ❶ࡢ⤊ࢃࡾ 㢌࡛ࡣ㸪ࡉࡽ㐣⃭࡞⮬ᕫゝཬࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࠋ࡞ࡐ ࡛㸪㛫ᢤࡅ࡞స⪅ࡀㄞ⪅㸪ࡕࡻࡗᐷ࡚࡚࠸ ✺↛ሙ㠃ࡀ㌿ࡋ㸪ᑠㄝࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ ࠸ࡽ㸪ࡇࡲ࡛ㄞࢇࡔぬ࠼࠸࡚ࡃࢀゝ ࢬ࠘ࢆㄞࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ㏵୰ࡢ㸪࣭ࣛ࣋ࣛࢹࣥࣉࣝ ࠺ࡇࢁࡀ࠶ࡿࢇࡔࡅࠖ̿̿ࠕ࠶㸪࠾Ꮉᵝ㸪 㸦Arabella Dimple㸧࠸࠺ⱝ࠸ዪᛶㄞ⪅ࡀ⯙ྎࡢ ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡍࡡࠖ 㸦History 1: 67̽68; bk. 1, ๓㠃Ⓩሙࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ch. 5㸧 ⨾ࡋࡁ࣭ࣛ࣋ࣛࢹࣥࣉࣝᎹࡣ㸪 ࡓࡗࡓ࣋ࢵ ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚࣏࣮ࣜࡣᮁㄞࢆ㛤ࡋ㸪≀ㄒࡣᮏ⦅ᡠ ࢻࡢ୰ධࡗࡓࡇࢁ࡛ࡍࠋ̿̿ኪࡣࡓ࠸ࡑ ࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ㠃ⓑ࠸ࡢࡣ㸪ᚋ࡛ᐇ㝿➨ 7 ❶ࡢ ࠺ᬬ࠸ࡢ࡛㸪ⰼဏࡃஎዪࡣࡑࡢయࢆྑᕥᅇ ෑ㢌ࢆㄞࡴ㸪ࡑࡇࡣࡇࡢሙ㠃࡛࣏࣮ࣜࡀᮁㄞ ࡋ࡚ࡳ࡚ࡶ㸪࠺ࡶ╀ࢀࡿẼࡀࡋࡲࡏࢇࠋ ࡋࡓ࠾ࡾࡢᩥ❶ࡀ᭩ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡔ㸦History ࡅᕸᅋࢆࢇ࠾⭡ࡢ࠶ࡓࡾࡲ࡛㊴ࡡࡢࡅࡿ 1: 124; bk. 1, ch.7㸧 ࠋࡕ࡞ࡳ࣌ࢵࢺࡢࣜࢫࡀṚࢇ 㸪ᶓ࡞ࡗࡓࡲࡲ㸪ࡓ࠾ࡸ࡞୧⭎ࡸ㞷ࡢࡼ ࡔࡇ࡛㦁ࡂࡍࡿࣞࢹ࣭ࣇࣥࢩࣇࣝ㸦Lady ࠺࡞⬚ࢆ࠶ࡽࢃࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࣓ࢻࡢ࣏࣮ࣜ Fanciful㸧ࡸ㸪ᙼዪࢆ៘ࡵࡿఀ㐩⏨ࢣࣞࢫ㸦Beau 㹙Polly㹛ࡣ㸪ࡃࡶ⨾ࡋ࠸〄యࡀே┠ࡉࡽࡉ Careless㸧ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢሙ㠃ࡋⓏሙࡋ࡞࠸➃ᙺ࢟ࣕ 28 ෆ⏣ ࣛࢡࢱ࣮࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ហ࡞ㄞ⪅ࡓࡕྥࡅ࡚ࡓࡲ⓶⫗࡞ࢥ ⱥᩥᏛ◊✲⪅ࡢࢡࣜࢫࢸ࣮ࢼ࣭ࣛࣉࢺࣥ ࣓ࣥࢺࢆྤࡎࡣ࠸ࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡢࡔࠖ 㸦Moore 762㸧 ࠋ 㸦Christina Lupton㸧ࡣ㸪 ࠕ⮬ࡽࡢᡂࡾ❧ࡕㄞ⪅ ☜ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘Ⓩሙࡍࡿㄞ 㛵ࡍࡿ▱㆑ࠖ 㸦Lupton, Knowing x㸧ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᮏ㸪 ⪅ࡓࡕࡣ㸪 ㍍࡛ⷧ༢⣧࡛㡹ᅛ࡞ேࠎࡤࡾ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪 ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ⮬ࡽࡀస⪅ࡢ㔠ඈࡅࡢࡓࡵ᭩ࢀ㸪༳ ᙜࡢᑠㄝឡዲᐙࡓࡕࡢ᭱ࡶហ࡞ഃ㠃ࢆㅕ่ⓗ ๅࡋࡓ⣬ࢆ᮰ࡡ࡚⥛ࡌࡓၟရࡋ࡚ࡽࢀ㸪ㄞ⪅ ᥥ࠸ࡓᡙ⏬࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᐇ㝿ࡢㄞ⪅ࡣ㸪⮬ศ ㍍࠸ፗᴦࡋ࡚ㄞࡲࢀࡿ㐣⛬ࢆព㆑ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡢ୰࠶ࡿࡑ࠺ࡋࡓហ࡞㒊ศࢆᮏぢ㏱ࡉࢀ ࡢࡼ࠺ㄒࡿࡇࡢ௦ࡢ⮬ᕫゝཬⓗ࡞ᑠㄝ⩌ࢆ㸪 ࡓࡼ࠺࡞Ẽศ࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ࠕࢃࡅ▱ࡾ㢦ࡢᮏࠖ 㸦knowing books㸧ࢇ࡛࠸ ࣭ࣛ࣋ࣛࢹࣥࣉࣝᎹࡀ࣓ࢻࡢ࣏࣮ࣜᮁ ࡿࠋ ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡣ㸪ࡶࡕࢁࢇࠕࢃ ㄞࡉࡏࡓ➨ 5 ❶ࡢ㏵୰ࡽࡣ㸪ᚰඃࡋ࠸㎰ኵࡀᏙ ࡅ▱ࡾ㢦ࡢᮏࠖࢆ௦⾲ࡍࡿᮏࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦Lupton, ඣࡢዪࡢᏊࢆᘬࡁྲྀࡗ࡚⫱࡚ࡿᤄヰࠕឿᝒ῝࠸㎰ Knowing 21–35㸧 ࠋࣛࣉࢺࣥࡣୖᘬ⏝ࡋࡓࣛ࣋ ኵࡢ≀ㄒࠖࡀጞࡲࡿࡀ㸪ࢭࣥࢳ࣓ࣥࢱࣜࢬ࣒ᙬ ࣭ࣛࢹࣥࣉࣝᎹ࣓ࢻࡢሙ㠃ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࡇ࠺ ࡽࢀࡓឤືⓗ࡞ᤄヰࡀㄒࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㏵୰࡛㸪✺ዴ ㄒࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠕ࠶ࡿព࡛ࡇࡢሙ㠃ࡣ㸪 ࠗࢻ࣭ࣥ࢟ ࡋ࡚ࢹࣥࣉࣝᎹ࣏࣮ࣜࡀⓏሙࡍࡿࠋ ࣮࣍ࢸ࠘➨ 1 㒊ࡢ᭩≀ࡀ➨ 2 㒊ࡢᵓෆୡ⏺Ⓩ ሙࡍࡿ㝿ࢃࢀࡓ✀㢮ࡢ࣮ࣘࣔࢆ㸪༢ᘬࡁ ㎰ኵࡣጔࡢᛅ࿌ᚑ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡋࡋㄞ⪅ࡢࡳ ⥅࠸࡛࠸ࡿࡔࡅ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡋࡋྠࡇࡢሙ㠃ࡣ㸪 ࡞ࡉࢇᛮ࠸ฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ࡢࡣ㸪ࢹࣥ ࢪ࣮ࣙࢡࡢཬࡪ⠊ᅖࢆ࣮࣌ࢪࡢ⾲㠃ࡲ࡛ᗈࡆ࡚ ࣉࣝᎹࡢ࣓ࢻࡢ࣏࣮ࣜࡀ㸪ࡇࡢ㛫ࡎࡗᮁㄞ ࠸ࡿࠋࣛ࣋ࣛࡣ㸪⮬ศࡀᰭ௦ࢃࡾ࣮࣌ࢪࡢ㝮 ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡛ࡍࠋᙼዪࡀࡇࡇࡲ࡛᮶ࡓࡇࢁ ࢆᢡࡗࡓࡣࡎࡔീࡋࡓ࣓ࢻࢆྏࡿࠋࡇࡢ ࡛࠾Ꮉᵝࡢ᪉ࢆぢࡸࡿ㸪ࡍ࡛ࡄࡗࡍࡾᐷ࡚ ㄞ⪅ࡣ㸪⮬ศࡀᡭᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ࣏࣮ࣜࡣᑠኌ ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡢᮏࡀ㸪࠾ࡢࢀࡢᏑᅾࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪࠾ ࡛ࡘࡪࡸࡁࡲࡍࠋ ࠕ࠸ࡗࡓ࠸࠾Ꮉᵝࡣ࠺ࡋ࡚㸪 ࡢࢀࡢ≀⌮ⓗ࡞≧ែࡲ࡛ព㆑ࡋጞࡵࡿࡼ࠺ᛮ࠼ ࡇࢇ࡞⣲ᩛ࡞ᮏࡀㄞࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࢆ⪺࠸࡚ ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠖ 㸦Lupton, Knowing 33㸧 ࠋᙜࡢㄞ⪅ࡢ୰ ╀ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠼ࡿࡢࡋࡽ㸽 ⚾࡞ࡽ⤯ᑐᐷ࡞࠸ ࡣ㸪ࡍ࡛ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡢ࣮࣌ ࡢࠋᑡ࡞ࡃࡶ㸪ࡇࡢࡅ῝࠸㎰ኵࡢΎࡽ ࢪࢆᢡࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡓேࡶ࠸ࡓࡣࡎࡔࠋࡑ࠺࠸ ࡞≀ㄒࡀ⤊ࢃࡿࡇࢁࡲ࡛ࡣࡡࠋ ࡇࡢ㎰ኵࡗ࡚㸪 ࠺ㄞ⪅ࡣࣛ࣋ࣛࡀ࣓ࢻࡢ࣏࣮ࣜࢆྏࡿࡇࢁ ࢇ࠸࠸ேࡔࡶࡢࠋ࠾Ꮉᵝࢆ㉳ࡇࡉ࡞࠸ࡼ ࢆㄞࡳ㸪⮬ศࡀᮏྏࡽࢀࡓࡼ࠺࡛㍍࠸⨥ᝏឤࢆ ࠺㸪ࡑࡗ⮬ศࡢ࣋ࢵࢻᡠࡗ࡚㸪ᛮ࠺Ꮡศ ぬ࠼ࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ⥆ࡁࢆㄞࡴࡇࡍࡿࢃࠋ ࡛ࡶࡕࡻࡗᚅࡗ࡚ࠋ ᩥⱁᢈホᐙࡢࢫࢸ࣮ࣦ࣭ࣥࣔ㸦Steven Moore㸧 ࡇࡲ࡛ㄞࢇࡔぬ࠼࡚࠾࡞ࡁࡷࠋ࣮࣌ࢪࡢ ࡣ㸪ྂ௦࢚ࢪࣉࢺࡢ௦ࡽጞࡲࡿ㛗࡞ୡ⏺ᑠ 㝮ࢆᢡࡗࡕࡷ㥏┠࡞ࡢࡼࡡࠋࡕࡻ࠺❶ࡢ⤊ࢃ ㄝྐࡢࢩ࣮ࣜࢬࠗࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡢᑠㄝྐ࠘ 㸦The Novel: ࡾࡔࡽぬ࠼ࡸࡍ࠸ࡅࠋḟࡣ➨ 6 ❶ࡡࠋࡇ࠺ An Alternative History㸧ࢆ᭩ࡁ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࡢ ࡋ࡚⿇ࣆࣥࢆ 6 ᮏ␃ࡵ࡚࠾ࡅࡤᛀࢀ࡞࠸ࡋ㸪 ࢩ࣮ࣜࢬࡢ 17–18 ୡ⣖ࡢᑠㄝࢆᢅࡗࡓᕳ࠾࠸࡚㸪 ࠾Ꮉᵝイࢀ࡚ࡶᛮ࠸ฟࡏࡿࢃࠖ ࠋ ㄞ⪅ࡢࡳ࡞ 5 ࣮࣌ࢪࢆ࠸࡚ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࢆ ࡉࢇࡶࡼࢁࡋࡅࢀࡤ㸪ྠࡌࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸࠸ࡢ࡛ ⤂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Moore 758̽62㸧 ࠋ ࣔࡣࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵ ࡍࡼࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽࡇࡇ࡛❶ࡀ⤊ࢃࡾࡲࡍࡽࠋྍ ࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡢస⪅ࡢே≀ീࢆ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺᥎ ࡞ࢹࣥࣉࣝᎹࡣ㸪ࡇࡢࡶ⇍╧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲ ࡍࡿࠋ ࠕ ࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘ࡢሙྜྠᵝ㸪ࢃ ࡍࠋ 㸦History 1: 85̽86; bk. 1, ch. 5㸧 ࢀࢃࢀࡣᙺ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃㄒࡾᡭࡇࡑࡀࡇࡢᑠㄝࡢ┿ ࡢேබࡔぢ࡞ࡍࡼ࠺ಁࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢㄒࡾᡭࡣ ཝᐦ⪃࠼ࢀࡤ㸪࣏࣮ࣜࡀㄞࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢ ⌮▱ⓗ࡛ᩥᏛ㐀ユࡢ῝࠸సᐙࡔࡀ㸪࣭ࣛ࣋ࣛ ෆ㒊ࢹࣥࣉࣝᎹࡸ࣏࣮ࣜ⮬㌟ࡣⓏሙࡍࡿࡢ ࢹࣥࣉࣝࡸᙼዪࡢ࣓ࢻࡢࡼ࠺࡞㐃୰ྥࡅ࡚ ࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࡔࡀ㸪ࡇࡢస⪅ࡣࡑ࠺࠸࠺⣽ ࢀ➽ࡢᑠㄝࢆ⢒〇℃㐀ࡍࡿࡇࢆవ࡞ࡃࡉࢀ ࠸▩┪ࡣࡇࡔࢃࡽࡎ㸪ᖹ↛≀ㄒࢆ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬࡢ≀ㄒ࠘̿̿ࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘ ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢸ࠘ࢆࡘ࡞ࡄᛀࢀࡽࢀࡓᑠㄝ 29 ࡃࠋ Ẽᣢࡕࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࢆస⪅ࡣᚲṚྰᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪 ⌧௦ࡢㄞ⪅ࡽぢࢀࡤ㸪࣓ࢱࣇࢡࢩࣙࣥ࠾ ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࢩ࣮ࣥࡀ࠶ࡿ✀ࡢㄞ⪅ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ ࡅࡿୡ⏺ほࡢタᐃࡸస⪅ࡢ❧ࡕ⨨ࡢཝᐦࡉ㛵 ࡇࡣྰࡵ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡋ࡚࠶ࡲࡾ↓㡻╔࡞ࡢࡀ㸪ࡇࡢస⪅ࡢ≉ᚩࡔࠋ ࠺ࡸࡽࡇࡢస⪅ࡣ⮬ศࡀసࡾฟࡋࡓⓏሙே≀ 㹙͐㹛⚾ࡣ࣮࣡ࢪ࣮Ặ㹙Mr. Worthy㹛ࡢ㤋ࡲ࡛ ⮬⏤ヰࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ❧ሙ࠶ࡿࡽࡋ࠸ࡇࡀ㸪ఱ ᩓṌ⾜ࡃࡇࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ⚾ࡣ㏱᫂࡞ࡿ㨱 ᗘࡢࡵࡉࢀࡿࠋࡓ࠼ࡤࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡢᏊ ἲࡢᖗᏊࢆࡪࡾ㸪ࡈ፬ே᪉ࡢ๓⌧ࢃࢀࡓࡢ ࡶ௦㸪ࣞࢹ࣭ࣂ࢘ࣥࢸࣇࣝࡀࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵ ࡛ࡍࡀ㸪ᙼዪࡓࡕࡣ⮬ศࡓࡕࡽ 100 ࣮ࣖࢻ௨ ࢺᐙᗞᩍᖌࢆࡘࡅࡼ࠺ࡋࡓࡣ㸪ࡑࡢዪᛶ ෆ⏨ᛶࡀ࠸ࡿࡣክࡶᛮࢃ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡀᝏே࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆ▱ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿస⪅ࡀ㸪ࣞࢹ࣭ 㹙͐㹛 ࠋ⚾ࡣᙼዪ㹙ࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ㹛ࡢጼࢆ═ࡵ࡚ ࣂ࢘ࣥࢸࣇࣝᙼዪࢆ㞠ࢃ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺┤᥋ᛅ࿌ࡋ ࠺ࡗࡾࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀឡࡽࡋ࠸ᙼዪࢆ⚾ ࡓㄒࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠕ⚾ࡣኻ♩ࢆ㢳ࡳࡎ㸪ࣞࢹ࣭ ࡣぢࡓࡇࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡇࢇ࡞㏆ࡃㄡࡀ ࣂ࢘ࣥࢸࢆㄴࡵࡼ࠺ࡋࡲࡋࡓࡋ㸪་ᖌ∾ᖌ ࠸ࡿࡣᛮ࠸ࡶࡏࡎ㸪ࢥࣝࢭࢵࢺࢆࡅࡓࡔࡅ ࡶᛂࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡲࡋࡓࠖ 㸦History 1: 150; bk. 1, ch. 8㸧 ࠋ ࡢጼ࡛㸪㞷ࡢࡼ࠺ⓑ࠸⬚ࢆ࠶ࡽࢃࡋ࡚㸪⭸ ࡇࡢస⪅ࡀ⌧ᐇୡ⏺࠾࠸࡚ࣞࢹ࣭ࣂ࢘ࣥࢸ ୖࡢ㠐ୗ␃ࡵࢆ⤖ࢇ࡛࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡋࡋ㨩ᝨⓗ࡞ ࣇࣝࡢ⏝ேࡸ▱ே࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࠸࠺グ㍕ࡣ୍ษ࡞ ࣏࣮ࢬࢆྲྀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᙼዪࢆぢ࡚⚾ࡀឤࡌࡿ႐ࡧ ࠸ࠋࡇࡢே≀ࡣస⪅ࡋ࡚Ⓩሙே≀ㄒࡾࡅ࡚ ࡣ㸪ࡇࢀ᭷࡞どⅬࢆ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶ ࠸ࡿࡢࡔࠋࡇࢀࡣࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘ࡶࠗࢺ ࢃࡽࡎ㸪ຎࢆᥙࡁ❧࡚ࡿࡇࢁࡶ㸪⫗ឤ ࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࠘ࡶ࡞࠸タᐃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ⓗ࡞ࡇࢁࡶ㸪ᙼዪࡢᛶูࡢ㛵ࢃࡾࡶࡲࡗࡓ 㸦 ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࠘ࡣㄒࡾᡭࢺࣜࢫ ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡴࡋࢁࡑࢀࡣ㸪⨾ᚨࡢࡳࡀ ࢺ࣒ࣛࡀⓏሙே≀ࡧࡅࡿሙ㠃ࡀ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ᙼ ࡶࡗࡶ㔝⻅࡞ே㛫ࡶ᳜࠼ࡅࡿࡇࡢ࡛ࡁ ࡢゝⴥࡣⓏሙே≀ࡓࡕ┤᥋⪺ࡇ࠼࡚ࡣ࠸࡞࠸ࠋ 㸧 ࡿ႐ࡧ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪⚾ࡓࡕࡀ⨥ࡸឤぬ࠸ࡗࡓ㊊ᯬ BBC ࡢࢸࣞࣅࢻ࣐ࣛ∧ࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘ 㸦1997㸧 ࡽゎࡁᨺࡓࢀ㸪 Ọ㐲ࡢኳᅜࢆึࡵ࡚ゼࢀࡿ㸪 ࡛ࡣ㸪ேබࢺ࣒ࡢே⏕ࡀㄒࡽࢀࡿᵓෆୡ⏺ ᖹ࡞ኳᅜఫࡴ㟋ⓗ࡞ேࠎฟࡗ࡚࠾ࡰ࠼ స⪅ࣇ࣮ࣝࢹࣥࢢ⮬㌟ࡀࡓࡧࡓࡧฟ⌧ࡋ㸪ど ࡿឤࢆᛮࢃࡏࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ 㸦History 2: 155̽ ⫈⪅┤᥋ㄒࡾࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ᙼࡢጼࡣⓏሙே≀ 56; bk. 4, ch. 2㸧 ࡓࡕࡣぢ࠼࡚࠸࡞࠸タᐃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡓ࠼ ྠ୍ࡢ⏬㠃ࡗ࡚࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ᙼࡀⓏሙே≀ࡓࡕ స⪅ࡣⓏሙே≀ࡓࡕࢆ⮬⏤ほᐹ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅ࡛ ヰࢆࡍࡿሙ㠃ࡣ୍ᗘࡶ࡞࠸㸦Burke㸧ࠋ ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕ ࡞ࡃ㸪ᙼࡽࢆ᧯ࡾேᙧࡢࡼ࠺⮬⏤ືࡋࡓࡾ ࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡢస⪅ࡣ㸪ゝࢃࡤࢸࣞࣅࢻࣛ Ṇࡵࡓࡾ࡛ࡁࡿࡽࡋ࠸ࠋࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡀᗊㆤ⪅ࣞ ࣐∧ࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࡛࠘ᵓෆୡ⏺ࢆṌࡁᅇ ࢹ࣭ࣂ࢘ࣥࢸࣇࣝࡢᒇᩜࢆ῝ኪᢤࡅฟࡍሙ ࡿస⪅㸪ࡉࡽస୰ே≀┤᥋ヰࡋࡅࡿ⬟ຊ 㠃࡛ࡣ㸪 ╀ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓస⪅ࡀᐷ࡚࠸ࡿ㛫㸪 ࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵ ࡀຍࢃࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡞Ꮡᅾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࢺࡢືࡁࡀ୍Ṇࡉࢀࡿࠋ ࡣゝ࠼ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡢస⪅ࡶ㸪 స୰ே≀ゝⴥࢆࢃࡍࡢࡣࡈࡃ⛥࡞ሙྜࡢࡳ࡛ ⨾ᚨ⣧₩ࢆᏲࡿࡓࡵࡢࡇࡢ⾜ືࢆᑑࡄࡼ࠺㸪 ࠶ࡾ㸪ᇶᮏⓗࡣⓏሙே≀ጼࢆぢࡽࢀࡎᙼࡽ ᭶ࡣ᫂ࡿࡃ㍤ࡁ㸪ᗞᅬฟࡿࡢᅖ࠸ࡢࢻࡲ ࡢ⾜ືࢆなࡁぢ࡚࠸ࡿࡽࡋ࠸ࠋస⪅ࡣ⮬ศࡀⓏሙ ࡛ᙼዪࢆᑟ࠸࡚ࡃࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋᙼዪࡣ㘽ࢆᣢࡗ࡚ ே≀Ẽ࡙ࢀࡎᙼࡽࡢ⾜ືࢆࡘࡪࡉほᐹ࡛ ࠸ࡓࡢ࡛㸪ࢻࢆ㛤ࡅ࡚እฟࡿ㸪እࡽ㘄 ࡁࡿ⌮⏤ࢆ㸪 ࠕ㏱᫂࡞ࡿ㨱ἲࡢᖗᏊࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ ࢆ㛢ࡵ㸪㘽ࢆࢻࡢୗ⨨ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀ࡛Ᏻ ࡔࡅㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋస⪅ࡀ╔᭰࠼୰ࡢࢩ࣮ࣕ ᚰᛮࡗࡓᙼዪࡣ㸪ࢻࡽ 100 ࣮ࣖࢻ㞳 ࣟࢵࢺࡢ㒊ᒇධࡾ㎸ࡴ㸪ࡸࡸ࣏ࣝࣀࢢࣛࣇ࣮ ࢀࡓᴍࡢ⪁ᮌࡢ᰿ඖ⭜ࡅࡲࡋࡓࠋࡢ࡛ ࡵ࠸ࡓሙ㠃ࢆᘬ⏝ࡋࡼ࠺ࠋ⬚ࡢ㇂㛫ࢆ࠶ࡽࢃࡋ ᖾ⚟ࡔࡗࡓ᫇㸪ᙼዪࡣࡼࡃࡇࡇᗙࡗ࡚ㄞ᭩ ࡓࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡢୗ╔ጼࢆぢࡘࡵࡿ⮬ศῘࡽ࡞ ᾐࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋⴠࡕ╔ࡁࢆྲྀࡾᡠࡋࡓᙼዪ 30 ෆ⏣ ࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡇྥ࠼ࡤ࠸࠸ࢆ⪃࠼ጞࡵ ࡲࡋࡓࠋ࡛ࡶࡑࢁࡑࢁᮅ࡞ࢁ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ ୖࡢ࡛ࡣḟ❶ࡢࢱࢺࣝࡀㄯࡢࠕⴠࡕࠖ ࡋ㸪⚾ࡣࡇࡢ❶ࢆ᭩ࡃࡢ⑂ࢀࡲࡋࡓࡽ㸪࠾ ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࡀ㸪㏫௨ୗࡢࡢࡼ࠺㸪❶ࡢ ヰࢆඛ㐍ࡵࡿ๓㸪ㄞ⪅ࡢࡳ࡞ࡉࢇࡣኻ♩ ࢱࢺࣝㄞ⪅ࡀࢶࢵࢥ࣑ࢆධࢀࡿᙧ࡛᪂ࡋ࠸❶ ࡋ࡚㸪 ࣋ࢵࢻᡠࡗ୍࡚╀ࡾࡋࡼ࠺ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡀጞࡲࡿࡇࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡳ࡞ࡉࢇࡀࡑࢀࡣ᎘ࡔ࠸࠺࡞ࡽ㸪࠶ࡢᴍࡢᮌ ࡢ᰿ඖ⭜ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࢧ࣐࣮ࢬᎹࡢጼࢆ࠾ᴦࡋ ➨ 1 ❶̿̿ክࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㄽ⪃ࢆࡵࡿ ࡳࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠋ⚾ࡀᬤ࡞ࡗ࡚ᙼዪ᪑ࢆ⥆ࡅࡉ ࡏࡿవ⿱ࡀฟࡿࡲ࡛㸪ᙼዪࡣ࠶ࡢࡲࡲ࡛ࡍࠋ࡞ ࠕክࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㄽ⪃㸟 ࡇ࠸ࡘ㸪 ఱࢆゝࡗ࡚ࡿࢇ ࡋࢁ⚾ࡣᙼዪ㨱ἲࢆࡅ࡚㸪⚾ࡢチྍࡀ࡞ ࡔ㸽 ክ࡞ࢇ࡚ࢃࢀࢃࢀ㛵ಀ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ㸽ࠖ ࡅࢀࡤ୍Ṍࡶືࡅ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡽ ࢹࢵࢡ࣭ࢲࣃ࣮࢘ࢵࢺྩ㹙Dick Dapperwit㹛 ࡡࠋ 㸦History 2: 55̽56; bk. 3, ch. 3㸧 ࡀᛣࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࠕࡄࡎࡄࡎࡋ࡚࡞࠸࡛㸪࠶ࢇࡓ ࡢࠗᩍ༊Ꮩඣࡢ≀ㄒ࠘ࢆ⥆ࡅࢁࡼࠋክࡢヰࡣࡲ ㄞ⪅ࡢ᪉ྥⓗὶࢆឤࡌࡉࡏࡿᢏἲࡢ୍ࡘ ࡓᗘ࡛࠸࠸ࡌࡷ࡞࠸ࠖ̿̿ၿⰋ࡞ࢲࣃ࣮ ࡋ࡚㸪స⪅ࡣࠎ≀ㄒࡢඛࡢᒎ㛤ࢆㄞ⪅⪃࠼ ࢘ࢵࢺࡉࢇ㸪ክ࠸࠺ࡶࡢ㸪࠶࡞ࡓࡀᛮࡗ࡚ ࡉࡏࡿࠋࣛࣉࢺࣥࡢゝ࠺ࡼ࠺ࠕ1750 ᖺ௦ࡲ࡛ ࠸ࡿ௨ୖࢃࢀࢃࢀࡗ࡚㔜せ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍࡼࠋ ࡣ㸪ࣉࣟࢵࢺࡢ୍㒊ࢆㄞ⪅ጤࡡࡿࡇࡣ㸪࡞ ࡑࢀࡇࡢヰ㢟ࡀ⚾ࡢ㢌ᾋࢇ࡛ࡋࡲࡗࡓ ࡾ୍⯡ⓗ࡞ಟ㎡ᢏἲ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠖࡢࡔ㸦Lupton, ࡽࡣ㸪ࡳ࡞ࡉࢇࡣ⚾ࡢヰࢆࡌࡗᡃ៏ࡋ࡚⪺ ͆Giving͇ 293㸧 ࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇࡇࢀࡣࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛ ࡡࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡑࢀࡀ᎘࡞ࡽ࣮࣌ࢪࢆࡵ ࢩࣕࣥࢹ࡛࠘ࡶఱᗘࢃࢀࡿᢏἲ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡓ ࡃࡗ࡚ḟࡢ❶㣕ࢇ࡛ࡃࡔࡉ࠸࡞ࠋࡓࡔࡋ⨩ ࡔࡋࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡀ⊂≉࡞ࡢࡣ㸪 ࡋ࡚㸪ࡑࡇࡶክࡢࡇࡋ᭩࠸࡚࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ ❶ࡢ⤊ࢃࡾ࡛ḟࡢ❶ࡢᒎ㛤ࢆㄞ⪅⪃࠼ࡉࡏ࡚࠾ ࡅࡡࠋ 㸦History 2: 1̽2; bk. 3, ch. 1㸧 ࡁ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪 ྠࡌ࣮࣌ࢪ࠶ࡿḟࡢ❶ࡢࢱࢺࣝࡀ㸪 ඛࡢᒎ㛤ࢆ┒ࠕࢿࢱࣂࣞࠖࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢁ ᐇ㝿ḟࡢ❶㣕ࢇ࡛ࡳࡿ㸪ࡑࡇࡣேබࡢ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠺ࡸࡽࢫࢸ࣮ࣦ࣭ࣥࣔࡢぢ❧࡚㏻ ࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡀ࠾ࡒࡲࡋ࠸ክࢆぢࡓヰࡀ᭩ࢀ࡚ ࡾ㸪ࡇࡢస⪅ࡣㄞ⪅ࡓࡕࡢ㢌⬻ࢆ࠶ࡲࡾಙ㢗ࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡅ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୍㒊ࡢㄞ⪅࣮࣌ࢪࢆ ࠸࡞ࡗࡓࡼ࠺ࡔࠋ 㣕ࡤࡋ࡚ḟࡢ❶㣕ࡪࡇࢆ່ࡵࡿᢏἲࡶࡲࡓ㸪 ࡢࡕࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࡛࠘ࢃࢀ㸦vol. ㄞ⪅ࡢࡳ࡞ࡉࢇࡣࡇࡇࡲ࡛ࡢ 2㸪 3 ࣮࣌ࢪࢆ࠾ㄞ 1, ch. 4㸧 㸪ࡑࡢᐇ㦂ᛶࡀከࡃࡢ◊✲⪅ࡼࡗ࡚㈹㈶ ࡳ࡞ࢀࡤ㸪⚾ࡀࢧ࣐࣮ࢬᎹࡕࡻࡗࡋࡓヨ ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ ⦎ࢆ࠼ࡿ‽ഛࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀ࠾ศࡾ࡛ࡋࡻ ࡞࠾㸪ࡇࡢ❶࡛ㄒࡽࢀࡿክࡢヰࡣ㸪 ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵ ࠺ࠋࡳ࡞ࡉࢇࡀീຊࢆാࡏ࡚㸪ᙼዪࡢ㌟ ࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡢస⪅ࡀ⮬ࡽࡢసࡢ⛎ᐦࢆㄒࡗ ࡾࡿᖾࡀࢇ࡞ࡶࡢ࡞ࡢࢆࡋࡤࡽࡃ ࡓ࢚ࢵࢭࡋ࡚⯆῝࠸ࠋ ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕ ⪃࠼ࡿᶵࢆ࠼ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࡇࡇ࡛࠸ࡗࡓࢇ❶ ࣥࢹ࠘ࡢㄒࡾᡭࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒ࣛࡼࡿ㸪௨ୗࡢ ࢆ⤊࠼ࡿࡇࡋࡲࡍࠋࡣゝ࠼㸪ࡳ࡞ࡉࢇࡢ సㄽẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ࡶ㠃ⓑ࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ࠕ᪤▱ࡢୡ⏺ࡢ࠶ ୰୍࡛␒✵ࡀᚓព࡞᪉ࡶ࠾ࡑࡽࡃゝ࠸ᙜ࡚ ࡽࡺࡿᆅᇦࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚⌧⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸪୍ᕳࡢ ࡿࡇࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࡽ㸪ḟࡢ❶ࡢࢱ ᭩≀ࢆ᭩ࡁࡣࡌࡵࡿ㝿ࡢᩘከࡃࡢ᪉ἲࡢ୰࡛㸪⚾ ࢺ࡛ࣝࣄࣥࢺࢆ࠼࡚࠾ࡁࡲࡍࠋ❶⮬యࢆㄞࡴ ࡣ⚾⮬㌟ࡢࡸࡾ᪉ࡇࡑ᭱ୖ࡞ࡢࡔ☜ಙࡋ࡚࠸ࡲ Ẽࡉࡏࡿࡣࡇࢀ࡛༑ศ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࡍ̿̿ྠ᭱ࡶ᐀ᩍⓗ࡞ࡸࡾ᪉࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡶ㸪 ࠸ࢆ࠸ࢀࡲࡏࢇ̿̿⚾ࡣࡲࡎ᭱ึࡢ୍ᩥࢆ᭩ࡁ ➨ 8 ❶̿̿ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬᎹࢆ◚⁛ࡉࡏṇయࢆᭀ㟢ࡏ ࡲࡍ̿̿ࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࢀࡘ࡙ࡃ➨ࡢᩥ❶ࡣ㸪⬟ ࢇࡍࡿዪࡓࡕࡢᝏព‶ࡕࡓ⟇ㅛࢆࡵࡿ ࡢ⚄࠾ࡲࡏࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠖ㸦ࢫࢱ࣮ࣥ㹙ୗ㹛; 㸦History 2: 108; bk. 3, chs. 7̽8㸧 Sterne; vol. 8, ch. 2㸧 ࠋ ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬࡢ≀ㄒ࠘̿̿ࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘ ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢸ࠘ࢆࡘ࡞ࡄᛀࢀࡽࢀࡓᑠㄝ 31 ࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒ࣛࡢᇳ➹ἲࡀࠕᡂࡾ⾜ࡁ௵ࡏࠖࡔ ᙼ㹙ᩥኈ㹛ࡣࢇࢇ࠸࡚ࡃࡿ✵ࡢ୍ࡘ୍ ࡍࡿ࡞ࡽ㸪 ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡢస⪅ࡢᇳ ࡘࢆぢࡘࡵ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡢࡘ࡞ࡀࡾ㢌ࢆᝎࡲࡍࡇ ➹ἲࡣࠕᡂࡾ⾜ࡁ௵ࡏ࡛ࣈࣞࣥࢫࢺ࣮࣑ࣥࢢࡋ ࡞ࡃ㸪㞧↛ࡋࡓࢹࢆ᭩ࡁ␃ࡵ࡚࠸ ࡓࢹࡢᒣࢆ㸪ᚋࡽྲྀᤞ㑅ᢥࡋ࡚ᩚ⌮ࡍ ࡁࡲࡍࠋᨭ㞳⁛࡞ᛮ࠸ࡘࡁࡀᒣࡢࡼ࠺ࡓ ࡿࠖ࠸࠺㸪⌧௦ࡢㄽᩥᇳ➹ᣦ༡᭩࡛ࡶ᭩࠸࡚ ࡲࡗࡓࡽ㸪ᙼࡣࡌࡗࡃࡾᗙࡗ࡚㸪ᒣࡢࡇࡕࡽ ࠶ࡾࡑ࠺࡞᪉ἲ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ ࡽ࠶ࡿࢹࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆ㸪ูࡢሙᡤࡽࡣ ࡢస⪅ࡣ㸪ࡲࡎᩥᏛసရࡀ㉳ࡁ࡚ぢࡿክ࡞ ࠶ࡿẚ႘ࢆ㸪ࡇࡇࡽᡭ㊊ࢆ㸪࠶ࡕࡽࡽయࡢ ࡽ࡞࠸ࡇࢆᐉゝࡍࡿࠋ ࠕ࡞ࡋࢁ㸪ࢃࢀࢃࢀస⪅ ୍㒊ࢆ࠸࠺ලྜ㑅ࡧฟࡋ࡚㸪Ⓩሙே≀ࡢጼ ࡀࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡣ㸪⮬ศࡢክࡢヰࢆࡍࡿࡇࡔ ࢆ⤌ࡳ❧࡚ࡿ㸪ࡑࡇᛮ࠸ࡘࡁࡢᒣࡽᣠࡗ ࡅ࡛ࡍࡽࠋ☜ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡀㄒࡿࡢࡣ㉳ࡁ࡚ぢ ࡓᥥࡸឤ࡞ࡢ࠶ࢀࡇࢀࢆࡲࢃࡏ࡚㸪ᙼ ࡿክ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ㸪ࡑࢀࡣᐷ࡚ぢࡿክࡓ࠸ࡋ࡚ኚ ࡀసࢁ࠺ពᅗࡋࡓࡶࡢ㏆࡙ࡅ࡚࠸ࡃࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࢃࡾࡣࡋ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࠖ 㸦History 2: 2; bk. 3, ch. 1㸧 ࠋࡑ ീຊࡀ౪⤥ࡋࡓᮦᩱࡢ୰ࡽ㸪ྲྀࡾධࢀࡿࡶ ࡢୖ࡛స⪅ࡣ㸪ᩥኈࡣ⮬ศࡢᑠㄝࡢᮦᩱࢆ㸪ࡲࡿ ࡢᣄ⤯ࡍࡿࡶࡢࢆ㑅ࡾศࡅࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࡇࡇ ࡛ክࢆぢࡿࡼ࠺ᗁどࡍࡿࡀ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡣᗁどࡋࡓ ุ࡛᩿ຊᝅᛶࢆാࡏࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ 㸦History 2: ࡲࡲࡢᮍᩚ⌮࡞≧ែ࡛ࡣ㸪ᐷ࡚ぢࡿክྠࡌࡃࡽ 5̽6; bk. 3, ch. 1㸧 ࠸ព᫂ࡔゝ࠺ࠋ ࡶࡋࡶࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᩥ❶ࡀ ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࠘ ࡶࡋࡶࡳ࡞ࡉࢇࡀ⚾ࡢᑛᩗࡍࡁ∗㹙ࣇ࣮ࣝ ᭩࠸࡚࠶ࢀࡤ㸪◊✲⪅ࡓࡕࡣࡑࡇྠ௦ࡢဴ ࢹࣥࢢ㹛ࡢ㞧グᖒࡸࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘ࡢ Ꮫࢆ⤡ࡵ࡚ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ホ㔘ࢆຍ࠼㸪ࡑࡢᛮྐⓗ ᭱ึࡢⲡ✏ࢆㄞࢇ࡛㸪࠶ࡢ↓㢮ࡢഔసࡢඖ ⫼ᬒࢆ┿᥈ࢁ࠺ࡍࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵ ࡞ࡗࡓᮍᩚ⌮ࡢΰἁࢆࡈぴ࡞ࡗࡓࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪 ࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡣᾘ࠼࡚࠸ࡗࡓ㐲࠸㐣ཤࡢὶ⾜ᑠ ࡑࢀࡣࡳ࡞ࡉࢇࡀࡇࢀࡲ࡛ぢࡓ᭱ࡶᨭ㞳⁛ ㄝࡢ୍ࡘࡍࡂ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡢὶ⾜ᑠㄝ㸪ୡ ࡞ክ༊ูࡀࡘ࡞࠸ࡇ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࡳ ⏺ᩥᏛࡢྡసࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡔㄞࡳ⥅ࡀࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡞ࡉࢇࡀ┠ࡍࡿࡢࡣ㸪᫂☜࡞ጼࡓࡕࢆᣢࡓ ࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘ࡸࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥ ࡞࠸ࢹࡢ⫾ඣࡸ㸪ࡲࡔ⮬↛⏺ࡢఱࡶ ࢹ࠘ࡢ㐪࠸ࡣ㸪ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡀᬑẁ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿ ఝ࡚࠸࡞࠸ẚ႘ࡢ࡛ⷣࡍࠋⓏሙே≀ࡓࡕࡢᡭ㊊ ࡁࡃࡣ࡞࠸ࡢࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡸయࡢ㒊ศࡢ࣑ࢽࢳࣗࡶ㸪㞧↛ࡤࡽࡲࢀ ࠶ࡢᡭࡇࡢᡭ࡛ㄞ⪅ࢆࡽ࠸࡞ࡀࡽ≀ㄒࢆ㐍 ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡇࡣఱࡢࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࡶ୍㈏ᛶࡶ࠶ ࡵ࡚ࡁࡓస⪅ࡣ㸪᭱⤊❶࡛ࡶࢃࡊㄞ⪅ࢆࡌࡽࡏ ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡋ㸪ࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࡀぢ࠸ࡔࡏࡓࡋ࡚ࡶ ࡚ࡽࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡀ⏕ࡁูࢀࡢ⿱ 㐺ษ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡣ㈆ῄ࡞࢙࢘ࢫࢱࣥᎹ ⚟࡞∗ぶࡋࡓࡇࢁ࡛㸪స⪅ࡣࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵ 㹙Miss Western㹛ࡢసࡾࡅࡢ⬮ࡀ㸪ࡼࡇࡋࡲ࡞ ࢺࡢᜊࡢ⾜ࡃᮎࢆㄒࡽ࡞࠸ࡲࡲᑠㄝࢆ⤊࠼ࡼ࠺ ࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬࡢ୍⣒ࡲࢃࡠᒁ㒊ࡢ㞄ࡈ ࡍࡿࡢࡔࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇㄞ⪅ࡢ௦⾲ࡣస⪅⊛Ⅿ࡞ໃ ࢁࡾ⨨ࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡾࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࠋ 㸦History 2: 2̽3; ࠸࡛ᢠ㆟ࡋ㸪ࣛࢫࢺࢩ࣮ࣥࡣ࠾Ỵࡲࡾࡢồ፧ࢩ࣮ bk. 3, ch. 1㸧 ࣥࢆక࠺ࣁࢵࣆ࣮࢚ࣥࢹࣥࢢ᭩ࡁ࠼ࡽࢀ ࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࡢࡔࡀࠋ ࡕࡻ࠺ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࠘ࡢㄒࡾᡭ ࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒ࣛࡀᗎᩥࡢ୰࡛㸪ே㛫ࡣᶵᬛ㸦wit㸧 ⚾ࡢ⨾ࡋ࠸ᩍ༊Ꮩඣࡣ㸪ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᅔ㞴ࡸ༴ᶵ ᛮ៖ศู㸦judgment㸧ࡢ୧᪉ࡀᚲせࡔㄒࡿࡼ ࢆࡾ㉺࠼࡚ࡼ࠺ࡸࡃ↓∗ぶࡢᒇᩜࡓ ࠺㸦vol. 3, ch. 20㸧 㸪 ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ ࡾ╔ࡁ㸪⿱⚟࡛⳹࡞⏕άࢆ㏦ࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡾ ࡢస⪅ࡣ㸪ゝࢃࡤᶵᬛࡼࡗ࡚㔞⣳ࡂฟࡋࡓ ࡲࡋࡓࠋ⚾ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ࡇࡢ࠶ࡓࡾࡀᙼዪูࢀ ࢹࢆ㸪ᛮ៖ศูࡼࡗ࡚ྲྀᤞ㑅ᢥࡍࡿ᪉ ࢆ࿌ࡆࡿ₻࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋᙼዪࡣ ἲࢆᥦၐࡍࡿࠋ ࡸ㸪㐨⌮ࢆࢃࡁࡲ࠼ࡓዪᛶࡗ࡚ᮃࡵࡿ㝈ࡾ ࡢᖾ⚟ࢆᡭࡋࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡽࠋ ࠕࡕࡻࡗ㸪ఱ 32 ෆ⏣ ゝࡗ࡚ࡿࡢ㸟ࠖゝࡗࡓࡢࡣࣛ࢟ࢵࢺࡢᚋᐙࡉ ィ࡞ࡇࠖࡀᚑ㏫㌿ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺࣛ ࢇ㹙Widow Lackit㹛࡛ࡍࠋ ࠕࡲࡉ㸪⤖፧ࡉࡏࡎ ࣒࣭ࢩࣕࣥࢹ࠘ࡢㄞ⪅ࡣᖖ㸪⮬ศࡀㄞࢇ࡛࠸ ヰࢆ⤊ࢃࡽࡏࡿẼࡌࡷ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࡡ㸽 ᙼ ࡿࡇࡢᩥ❶᭩࠸࡚࠶ࡿࡇࡣᮏᙜࡣბࡔࡅࢀ ዪࡀኵ࡞ࡋ࡛ᖾ⚟࡞ࢀࡿࢃࡅࡀ࡞࠸ࡌࡷ࡞࠸ స⪅ࡶㄞ⪅ࡶᮏᙜࡢࡾࢆࡋ࡚࠸࡚࡛ࡶࡸࡗࡥࡾ ࡢࠋࡑࢀ㸪ࡇࡢᡭࡢ≀ㄒࡀࣄ࣮࣮ࣟࣄࣟ ᮏᙜࡣბ࡛͐͐࠸࠺㸪ᙜࡓࡾ๓࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀᮏ᮶ ࣥࢆ⤖፧ࡉࡏࡎ⤊ࢃࡿ࡞ࢇ࡚㸪࠶ࡽࡺࡿつ๎ ࡣࠕవィ࡞ࡇࠖࢆព㆑ࡋ⥆ࡅࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ࠋࡑ 㐪ࡋ࡚ࡿࢃࠋ⤖፧ᘧࡢኪࢆᥥ࡞࠸࡞ࡽ㸪 ࡢ⤖ᯝࡋ࡚㸪 ࠕࢫࢱ࣮ࣥࡢᩥᏛୡ⏺࡛ࡣᏑᅾࡀ᰿ ㄡࡀࡇࢇ࡞ࡶࡢㄞࡴࡶࢇ࡛ࡍ㸟ࠖ࠸ࡸࡣࡸ㸪 ※ⓗ☜ᐃᛶࢆᢪ࠼࡚࠾ࡾ㸪Ꮡᅾᅾ㸪⌧ᐇ ᚋᐙࡉࢇ㸪ࡍ࡚ࡢ᪉ࡈ‶㊊࠸ࡓࡔࡃࡢࡣ㞴 ࣇࢡࢩࣙࣥ㸪⏕Ṛࡢุ᩿ࢆ␃ಖࡉࡏࡽࢀࡓ ࡋ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ࡞ࠋࡑࢀࡘ࡚ࡢᩍ༊Ꮩඣࡶ ⪅ࡓࡕࡀ㸪᭩≀ࡢୡ⏺࠸ࢃࡺࡿ⌧ᐇࡢୡ⏺ࢆ ࡸ⿱⚟࡞ዪ┦⥆ே࡛ࡍࡽ㸪⩚㣭ࡾ㸪ࣜ࣎ࣥ㸪 㑏ࡍࡿࠖ 㸦Ṋ⏣ 91㸧࠸࠺≧ែࡀࡵ࡛ࡓࡃ㐩ᡂ ⛠ྕ㸪⿕ࡾ≀㸪㧥⢊ࢆࡗࡓ㨆࠸ࡗࡓᡭྜ࠸ ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࡢࡔࠋ ྲྀࡾᕳࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋឤᛶࡶ᫇ࡣ㐪ࡗ࡚ ࠸ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᙼዪࡢᚋࢁ㋀ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽࡁᚑ ࠺㈶⨾⪅ࡓࡕࡽㄡ୍ேࢆ㑅࡞ࢇ࡚㸪⚾ࡣ 熊熄θΤ̯̀̾㋂̫ͧͤͣ̀̓㋨̞⧄へ ࡚ࡶᙼዪゝ࠼ࡲࡏࢇࡼࠋᩘ༓࣏ࣥࢻࡸࡿ ࡽᙼዪཱྀࢆ࠸࡚ࡃࢀ࠸࠺౫㢗ࡶ࠶ࡿࢇ࡛ ᮏ✏ࡢ┠ⓗࡽࡍࢀࡤవィ࡞⬺⥺ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ ࡍࡅࡡࠋ⤖፧࿘᪕ேࡢᙺ┠ࡣࡲࡗࡨࡽ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡀ㸪 ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘࠸࠺ᑠㄝࡀࠕవ ⚾ࡶ㸪᭩⡠ၟࡢࢥ࣮࣋ࢵࢺẶ㹙Mr. Corbett, ࡇࡢ ィ࡞ࡇࠖ௨እఱࢆㄒࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢆࡾ㏉ࡗ࡚ ᑠㄝࡢⓎඖ㹛ࡶࡍ࡛⤖፧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡋ㸪 ࠾ࡇ࠺ࠋㄞ⪅ࡓࡕࢆసရෆᥥࡁ㎸ࡴ࣓ࢱࣇࢡ ࡃ࡞ࡿୖࡣ㸪࠸ࡗࡑ 1 ᖺ 2 ᖺᙼዪࡢዲࡁࡉ ࢩࣙࣥⓗ࡞ሙ㠃࠾ࡅࡿᐇ㦂ⓗ࡞ㄒࡾཱྀࡣᑐ↷ ࡏ࡚㸪ᙼዪࡀ⮬ศࡢẼᣢࡕࢆࡣࡗࡁࡾࡉࡏࡿࡲ ⓗ㸪ᩍ༊Ꮩඣࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࢆࡵࡄࡿᮏ㢟ࡢ≀ㄒ ࡛ᚅ࠺ࡶᛮࡗࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ࡛ࡶዪᛶㄞ⪅ࡢࡳ ࡣ㸪ࡁࢃࡵ࡚ᆺ㏻ࡾ࡛ඛࡢண ࡀྍ⬟࡞࠾Ỵࡲࡾ ࡞ࡉࢇࡣ㸪ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬᎹࢆࡉࡗࡉ㏣࠸ᡶࡗ࡚㸪 ࡢᒎ㛤ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ≀ㄒࡢᯟ࡞ࡿࠑ㈋ஈ࡞ ᙼዪࡢ࠾ୗࡀࡾࡢᜊேࡓࡕࢆࡶࡽ࠸ཷࡅࡼ࠺ Ꮩඣࡀࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ヨ⦎ࢆ⤒ࡓᮎ㸪⏕ࡁูࢀࡢ⿱ ࠾⪃࠼ࡽࡋ࠸ࠋࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡽ⚾ࡣ࡛ࡁࡿ㝈 ⚟࡞∗ࡋ࡚ᖾ⚟࡞ࡿࠒ ࠸࠺➽ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪 ࡾࣞࢹ࣭ࣂ࢘ࣥࢸࣇࣝࢆㄝᚓࡋ࡚㸪ࡑࡢᜥ ࡑࢀ⮬యࡣࠕᏙඣࠖ࠸࠺タᐃࡽㄡࡶࡀண ࡛ Ꮚࡢࢧ࣮࣭ࢺ࣐ࢫࢧ࣐࣮ࢬᎹࡀ⤖፧࡛ࡁࡿࡼ ࡁࡿᖹซ࡞ࡶࡢࡔࠋ ࠺࠾㢪࠸ࡍࡿࡋ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡑ࠺ゝ࠼ࡤࡇ ᩥᏛ◊✲⪅ࡢࢪ࢙࣒ࢬ࣭R࣭ࣇ࢛ࢫࢱ࣮㸦James ࡇ 1ࠥ2 ᖺ㸪ᙼࡢშࡣࢇ⪺ࡁࡲࡏࢇࡡࠋ R. Foster㸧ࡣ㸪ࣇࣛࣥࢫࡢసᐙࣆ࢚࣮࣭࣭ࣝ࢝ࣝࣞ 㸦History 2: 313̽14; bk. 4, ch. 11㸧 ࢻ࣭ࢩࣕࣥࣈ࣭ࣛࣥࢻ࣭࣐ࣦ࢛࣮ࣜ㸦Pierre Carlet de Chamblain de Marivaux, 1688̽1763㸧ࡼࡿᮍࡢ ࡇࡇࡲ࡛ぢ࡚ࡁࡓࡼ࠺㸪 ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕ Ꮩඣᑠㄝ࣐ࠗࣜࣖࣥࢾࡢ⏕ᾭ࠘ 㸦La vie de Marianne, ࣥࢹ࠘ࢆ᭷ྡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࣓ࢱࣇࢡࢩࣙࣥⓗ࡞ 1731̽41㸧ࡀ㸪 ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࢆࡣࡌ ㄒࡾࡢᢏἲࡢ୍ࡘ୍ࡘࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ 9 ᖺ๓ࡢࠗࢩ࣮ࣕ ࡵࡍࡿࢠࣜࢫᑠㄝከ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼㸪ࡉࡽ ࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ห⾜ࡢⅬ࡛ࡍ࡛࠶ࡽࡓ ࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒ∧ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡀከ 㛤Ⓨࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿゝࡗ࡚ࡼ࠸ࠋࡓࡔࡋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ࣓ ࡃࡢᶍೌసࢆ⏕ࢇࡔࡇࢆᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࢱࣇࢡࢩࣙࣥⓗ࡞ሙ㠃ࡣ㸪 ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ ࠕ ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬࡢ≀ㄒ࠘ࡸࡑࡢࣇࣛࣥ ࣐࣮ࢬ࡛࠘ࡣ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ࠕవィ࡞ࡇࠖࡋ࡚ࡢ⠇ ࢫㄒ∧ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᑠㄝࡣ㸪࣐ࣦ࢛࣮ࣜࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ࠸ ᗘࢆᏲࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᮏ㢟ࡢ≀ㄒࢆ㐍ࡵࡿ㏵୰࡛ᢡ ᣑᩓࡋࡓࠋ ࣐ࠗࣜࣖࣥࢾࡢ⏕ᾭ࠘ࡣ㸪18 ୡ⣖ࡢ ࡾ⠂ఇࡵⓗ⌧ࢀࡿㄯࡍࡂ࡞࠸ࠋ୍᪉ࠗࢺࣜ ࣇࣛࣥࢫ࠾ࡼࡧࢠࣜࢫࡢࢇࡍ࡚ࡢᑠㄝ ࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࡛࠘ࡣ࣓ࢱࣇࢡࢩࣙࣥⓗ ఱࡽࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼࡚࠸ࡿゝࢃࢀࡓࡇࡶ࠶ ࡞㐟ࡧࡀసရࡢ๓㠃ฟ࡚ࡁ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᮏ㢟ࠕవ ࡿࠖ 㸦Foster 64㸧 ࠋࣇ࢛ࢫࢱ࣮ࡼࢀࡤ㸪 ࣐ࠗࣜࣖࣥ ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬࡢ≀ㄒ࠘̿̿ࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘ ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢸ࠘ࢆࡘ࡞ࡄᛀࢀࡽࢀࡓᑠㄝ 33 ࢾࡢ⏕ᾭ࠘ࡢᙳ㡪ୗ࡛᭩ࢀࡓ㸪Ꮩඣࡢዪᛶࢆ ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡢ∗ፉࢩ࣮ࣥࡀ㸪ᑠㄝࡢ᭱ึࡢ ேබࡍࡿసရ⩌ࡣ㸪ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ඹ㏻Ⅼࡀ࠶ࡿ ࠺ᤄධࡉࢀࡿ㸪ᚰඃࡋ࠸㎰ኵᏙඣࡢ≀ㄒ࡛ᥥ ࠸࠺ࠋ ࠕ࣐ࣜࣖࣥࢾ㢼࡞ࣄࣟࣥࡢከࡃࡣ㸪┤᥋ ࢀࡓ∗ፉࢩ࣮ࣥࡢ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡶᣦ ࣐ࠗࣜࣖࣥࢾࡢ⏕ᾭ࠘ᙳ㡪ࡉࢀࡓࡏࡼ㸪 ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦519㸧 ࠋᐇ㝿㸪 ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬࡢ≀ㄒ࠘ࡸࠗ㎰ᐙࡢፉ ࢬ࠘➨ 1 㒊ࡢ➨ 5 ❶ࠥ➨ 7 ❶ࡅ࡚ᤄධࡉࢀࡿ ࡢฟୡ࠘ 㹙Paysanne Parvenue, 1735, ࣐ࠗࣜࣖࣥࢾ ࠕឿᝒ῝࠸㎰ኵࡢ≀ㄒࠖ㸦“The History of the ࡢ⏕ᾭ࠘ࡢᶍೌస㹛ࡽᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡓࡏࡼ㸪⮬ Charitable Farmer”㸧ࡣ㸪ேබࡀᗂ࠸Ꮩඣࡢዪࡢ ศࡼࡾ㌟ศࡀ㧗࠸⏨ᛶࡽࡢዲᚅ㐝ࡔࡀ㐨ᚨ࡞ Ꮚ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ㸪ᙼዪࡀᗂ࡞ࡌࡳ࡛࠶ࡿᗊㆤ⪅ࡢᜥ ồឡࢆࡣࡡࡘࡅ㸪ᗊㆤ⪅ࡢዪᛶࡢᜥᏊࡸ⦕⪅ᜊ Ꮚᜊࢆࡍࡿࡇ㸪 ᙼዪࡀࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ヨ⦎ࢆ⤒࡚㸪 ⴠࡕ㸪ࡑࡋ࡚⚾⚾ḧᕥྑࡉࢀ࡞࠸㧗₩࡞ே ᭱ᚋࡣ⏕ࡁูࢀࡢᐇࡢ∗ࡋ࡚⿱⚟࡞ࡾ㸪 ࢆ♧ࡍࡃ㸪ᜠ⩏ࡸࡢࡓࡵឡࢆ㸦୍ⓗ ᜊࡍࡿ⏨⤖፧ࡍࡿࡇ࡞㸪࠶ࡽࡺࡿⅬ࡛ ࡣ㸧≛≅ࡍࡿࡢࡔࡗࡓࠖ 㸦64㸧 ࠋὀ┠ࡍࡁࡇ ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡢ≀ㄒࡢ࣑ࢽࢳࣗ 㸪 ࣐ࠗࣜࣖࣥࢾࡢ⏕ᾭ࠘ࡣ࢙࣭࢘ࣥC࣭ࣈ࣮ ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋస⪅ࡣ࠺ࡸࡽ㸪࠶ࡽࡌࡵㄞ⪅ ࢫࡢㄽᩥ࡛ࠕ⮬ព㆑ⓗ࡞ㄒࡾᡭࠖࡀά㌍ࡍࡿసရ సရయࡢࠕ࠶ࡽࡍࡌࠖࡶࡋࡃࡣࠕண࿌⦅ࠖ ࡢ ୍ ࡘ ࡋ ࡚ྲྀ ࡾ ୖࡆ ࡽࢀ ࡚ ࠸ࡿ 㸦 Booth, ࠶ࡓࡿᤄヰࢆᥦ౪ࡋ࡚㸪≀ㄒࡢ➽ࢆࡤࡽࡍ௦ࢃ “Self-Conscious” 173̽75㸧 ࠋேබࡀᩥ㏻┦ᡭ⮬ ࡾ㸪⣽㒊ࡢᒎ㛤ᮇᚅࢆᣢࡓࡏࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ศࡢ⏕ᾭࢆㄒࡿᙧᘧ࡛᭩ࢀࡓࡇࡢᑠㄝࡣ㸪ࡋࡤ ࡼ࠺࡞ࡢࡔࠋࡇࡢస⪅ࡣྛ❶ࡢࢱࢺ࡛ࣝࡶ㸪ࡑ ࡋࡤㄒࡾᡭࡀ⮬ࡽࡢ≀ㄒពぢࢆຍ࠼ࡿᙧ࡛ヰࡀ ࡢ❶࡛ㄒࡽࢀࡿෆᐜࢆ࠶ࡽࡓ᫂ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ྛ ⬺⥺ࡋ࡚ࡺࡃᵓᡂࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪Ꮩඣࡢ㐢Ṕ࠸ ᕳࡢෑ㢌ࡢ┠ḟ୪ࢇࡔ❶ࢱࢺࣝࢆࡊࡗ═ࡵ ࠺ࢸ࣮࣐ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪 ࠕవィ࡞ࡇࠖࡲ࡛ᑠㄝෆ㒊 ࢀࡤ㸪 ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡢᚋࡢᒎ㛤ࡀ ᭩ࡁຍ࠼ࡿㄒࡾࡢᢏἲࡢୖ࡛ࡶ㸪 ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵ ࡰࡘࡵ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡔࠋ ࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡓࡢࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡶࡕࢁࢇᙜࡢㄞ⪅ࡢ୰ࡶࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࠕࢿࢱࣂ ࠕࣝࢿࢧࣥࢫࡽ୍ඵୡ⣖ࡅ࡚㸪ࢠࣜࢫ ࣞࠖࢆ᎘࠺⪅ࡣ࠸ࡓࠋຨ⯆ᮇࡢࢠࣜࢫ㏆௦ࣜ 㝈ࡽࡎ㸪࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡣ⩻ヂࡢ௦ࡔࡗࡓࠖ 㸦ఀ⸨ iv㸧 ࣜࢬ࣒ᑠㄝࢆㄽࡌࡓྠ௦ࡢᩥ⊩ࡢ୍ࡘࡋ࡚᭷ ࡇࢆ⪃៖ࡍࢀࡤ㸪18 ୡ⣖ࡢࣇࣛࣥࢫ࣭ࢠࣜࢫ ྡ࡞༏ྡࣃࣥࣇࣞࢵࢺࠗࣇ࣮ࣝࢹࣥࢢẶࡀᡴ ᑠㄝ㛫࠾ࡅࡿࢸ࣮࣐ࡸㄒࡾࡢᢏἲࡢ᪉ྥⓗ࡞ ࡕ❧࡚ࡓ᪂✀ࡢᩥⱁࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㄽ⪃࠘ 㸦An Essay on ᙳ㡪㛵ಀࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪 ࡼࡾ῝࠸◊✲ࡀᚲせࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ the New Species of Writing Founded by Mr. Fielding, ᖾ࠸ࡇࡢࢸ࣮࣐ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ࣓࣮࣭࣭࣐ࣜ࣊ࣞࣥ 1751㸧ࡢⴭ⪅ࡣ㸪ఱᗘࡶࠕࢿࢱࣂࣞࠖࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡍ ࢡ࣐ࣛࣥࡼࡿඛ㥑ⓗ࡞◊✲᭩㸦Mcmurran, Spread㸧 ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡢస⪅ࢆᇳᣉᨷᧁ ࡶฟ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᚋࡉࡽ◊✲ࡀ㐍ࢇ࡛࠸ࡃண ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ5 ࡇࡢⴭ⪅ࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪 ࡑࡶࡑࡶ ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕ ࡉࢀࡿࠋ ࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬࡢ≀ㄒ㸪ᖾ㐠࡞ᩍ༊Ꮩඣ࠘࠸ ⱥᩥᏛ◊✲⪅ࡢ࣭࢟ࣕࣟࣛࣥࢦࣥࢲ㸦Caroline ࠺ࢱࢺࣝࡀ㸪 ࠕᖾ㐠࡞ࠖ 㸦fortunate㸧࠸࠺ㄒࢆ Gonda㸧ࡣ㸪 ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡢ⤖ᮎ㏆ ྵࡴࡇ࡛࠶ࡽࡌࡵࣁࢵࣆ࣮࢚ࣥࢹࣥࢢࢆண ࡃ࡛ᥥࢀࡿឤືⓗ࡞∗ፉࡢᑐ㠃ࡀ㸪࣮࣭࣊ࣥࣜ ࡉࡏࡿࡢࡀẼ㣗ࢃ࡞࠸㸦Essay 24–25㸧 ࠋ❶ࢱ ࣇ࣮ࣝࢹࣥࢢࡢጒࢭ࣭ࣛࣇ࣮ࣝࢹࣥࢢ ࢺࣝࡀෆᐜࢆ᫂ࡋࡍࡂ࡞ࡢࡶ⯆ࡊࡵࡔࠋ࠶ࡿ 㸦Sarah Fielding, 1710̽68㸧ࡢᑠㄝࠗࢹࣦࢵࢻ࣭ ❶ࡢࢱࢺࣝࡣࠕࢧ࣐࣮ࢬᎹᑐࡍࡿᨻᐙࡢᝏ ࢩࣥࣉࣝ࠘ 㸦The Adventures of David Simple, 1744㸧 ᕦࡳࡢ➨ 2 㒊ࢆࡵࡿࠋᙼዪࡣമົ⪅␃⨨ᡤ㏦ ࡛㸪ࣄࣟࣥ∗ࡀࡍࡿሙ㠃ࡑࡗࡃࡾ࡞ ࡽࢀࡿࡀ㸪ᖾ㐠ࡶᨻᐙࡢ࡚ࡣ㡻ࡋ㸪ᙼࡢ ࡇࢆᣦࡍࡿࠋ ࠕ࡞ࡾẟⰍࡢ㐪࠺ࡘࡢᑠㄝࡔ ᡭඛࡣ⊋⊌ࡍࡿࠖ 㸦History 2: 257; bk. 4, ch. 8㸧 ࡞ࡗ ࡀ㸪∗ፉࡢࡢᥥࡁ᪉ࡣ㦫ࡃఝ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࣃࣥࣇࣞࢵࢺࡢⴭ⪅ࡣࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࠕࢿࢱࣂ ᛶⓗ࡞ᨺᇝࡉࢆ┬ࡋ࡚㉧ࡋࢆஒ࠺∗ࢆ㸪႐ࡧ ࣞࠖᛣࡾࢆ㞃ࡏ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡋࡓፉࡣ┤ࡕ㉧ࡋ㸪Ꮀࡋࡉࡢ࠶ࡲࡾẼ⤯ࡍࡿࠖ 㸦Gonda 518㸧 ࠋࡋࡶࢦࣥࢲࡣࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ ➨ 4 㒊➨ 8 ❶ࡣ࠾ࡑࡽࡃ≀ㄒయࡢ୰࡛᭱ࡶ⯆ 34 ෆ⏣ ῝࠸❶ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ከࡃࡢㄞ⪅ࡢᾦࢆㄏࡗ ࡣࡇࡢ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡉࢀࡿᇶᮏࣉࣟࢵࢺࡢኚዌ࡞ ࡓࡣࡎࡔࠋ⚾⮬㌟ࡶࠕே㛫ᛶࡢ࣑ࣝࢡࠖࢆ㇏ᐩ ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡢᤄヰࡢ㐪࠸ࡣ㸪ࢧ࣮࣭ࢺ࣐ࢫᑐ ᣢࡕྜࢃࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆㄆࡵ࡚ࡌ࡞࠸ே㛫 ࡋ࡚ࡣࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ⮬㌟ࡀ⤖፧ࢆᮃࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡇ ࡞ࡢ࡛㸪ᮏ᮶࡞ࡽᖾ࡞ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬᎹࡀᕳࡁ㎸ࡲ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡀࢧ࣮࣭ࢺ࣐ࢫࡢ⤖፧ࢆ ࢀࡿヨ⦎ࢆ㸪ࡣࡽࡣࡽࡋ࡞ࡀࡽぢᏲࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ ᢎㅙࡍࢀࡤࡑࡇ࡛≀ㄒࡀ⤊ࢃࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡓࡵ㸪 ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡋࡋṧᛕ࡞ࡇస⪅ࡣ㸪⚾ࡀࡇ ࣮ࣝࣉࡍࡿࣉࣟࢵࢺࢆ㥑ືࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࡣ㸪 ࢀࡽࡢ㎞࠸ሙ㠃ࢆㄞࡴ๓ࡽ㸪୍ⓗ࡞ⱞࡋࡳ ࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡀࢧ࣮࣭ࢺ࣐ࢫ⤖፧࡛ࡁ࡞࠸⌮⏤ ࢆ࠼ࡽࢀࡿᙼዪࡀ㸪࣮࣌ࢪࢆ 3 ᯛࡶࡵࡃࡽ࡞ 㸪ᮃࡲࢀ࡞࠸ồ፧⪅࡛࠶ࡿࢡࣟࣇࢶࢆⓏሙࡉࡏ ࠸࠺ࡕ☜ᐇᩆࢃࢀࡿࡇࢆㄳࡅྜࡗ࡚ࡋ ࡿࡇࡀᚲせ࡞ࡿࡢࡔࠋ ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࠋⓑ≧ࡍࡿࡀ㸪⚾ࡣస⪅ᑐࡋ ྠࡌࣉࣟࢵࢺࡀఱᗘࡶ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡉࢀࡿᒎ㛤ࡶ ࡚⊛Ⅿ⭡ࡀ❧ࡗࡓࠋᙼࡀ⚾ࡽࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⏑⨾ ࢃࡽࡎㄞ⪅ࢆ㣬ࡁࡉࡏ࡞࠸ࡢࡣ㸪㏆௦ࣜࣜࢬ ࡞ᝒࡋࡳࢆዣࡗࡓࡽࡔࠋ 㸦Essay 25̽26㸧 ࣒ᑠㄝࡢ㠃┠㌍ዴࡓࡿ㸪ᫎ⏬ⓗゝࡗ࡚ࡶ࠸࠸ ┿㏕ࡗࡓሙ㠃ᥥࡸᚰ⌮ᥥࡢ࠾ࡆ࡛ࡶ࠶ ࡞ࡸࡽࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡢࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ ࡿࠋ୍ࡋ࡚㸪ࢡࣟࣇࢶࡀ࣓ࢻࡢᡭᘬࡁ࡛ ࠶ࡽࡌࡵ᭩ࡁ㎸ࡲࢀࡓ㸪⣲┤࡛ឡࡍࡁㄞ⪅ ࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡢᐷᐊᚸࡧ㎸ࡳ㸪ᙼዪࢆࣞࣉࡋ ࡓࡕࢆᛮࢃࡏࡿពぢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠾ࡑࡽࡃࡇࡢࣃࣥࣇ ࡼ࠺ࡍࡿሙ㠃ࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ ࣞࢵࢺࡢⴭ⪅ࡣ㸪స⪅ࡀ࠸ࡃࡘࡢ❶ࢱࢺࣝ ㎸ࡵࡓ⓶⫗Ẽ࡙ࡁࡣࡋ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡓ࠼ࡤ᭱ ឡྲྀࡾ៰ࢀࡓࢡࣟࣇࢶࡣ㸪⋓≀ࡢ㌟ࢆぢ ⤊❶ࡢࢱࢺࣝࡣࡇ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠕࢇㄡ ࡚ྲྀࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ࣋ࢵࢻࡢ⬥ࡢ᪉㢦 ࡶணࡋᚓ࡞࠸ෆᐜࢆࡵࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ ࢆྥࡅ࡚ᶓࡓࢃࡿᙼዪࡣ㸪∦ᡭࡢୖ㢌ࢆࡶࡓ Ꮉࡀ࠸ࡋ࡚㸪⨾ᚨࢆᏲࡿࡓࡵࡢᩘࠎࡢዧ㜚ࡢ ࡏࡅ㸪⬚ࢆࡣࡔࡅ࡚㸪ࡅᕸᅋࢆ࠾⭡ࡢ࠶ࡓ ᯝ࡚㸪ࡘ࠸ࡗࡨࡽ⏨࣋ࢵࢻࢆඹࡍࡿ ࡾࡲ࡛㝆ࢁࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᙼࡀ┠ࡋࡓ㨱ἲࡢࡼ ⮳ࡗࡓࡢᥥ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ 㸦History 2: 313; bk. 4, ch. ࠺⨾ࡋ࠸ጼែࡣ㸪㞃⪅ࡢ⬚ࡍࡽḧᮃࡢⅆࢆ 11㸧 ࠋࡇࡢసရࡣ㸪స⪅ࡶㄞ⪅ࡶඛࡀㄞࡵࡿᒎ㛤 ࡶࡍࡢ༑ศࡔࡗࡓ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᒇᩜࡢ୰ࡣ㟼 Ᏻᚰࡋ࡚ࡗࡗ࡚㐍ࡳ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ணᐃㄪࡽ ࡲࡾ㏉ࡾ㸪 ࠶ࡓࡾ୍㠃ࢆỿ㯲ࡀそࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࠾ࡾ㐓⬺ࡍࡿㄒࡾࡢ࠸ࡓࡎࡽࡸࣜࣝ࡞ᚰ⌮ᥥ ⮬ศࡢ⾑ࡀ⬦ᡴࡘࡈ㸪ࡇࡑ⤯ዲࡢᶵࡔ ࢆᴦࡋࡴࡓࡵࡢᑠㄝ࡞ࡢࡔࠋ ᛮ࠸▱ࡽࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋࡋࡋ⨾ᚨ↓ᇈࢆయ⌧ ⣠ษᆺࡢᒎ㛤㝗ࡿࡇࢆ≀ࡶࡋ࡞࠸ࡇࡢᑠ ࡋࡓᙼዪࡢጼࡣ㸪ఱ㏆ᐤࡾࡀࡓ࠸ጾཝࡀ ㄝࡩࡉࢃࡋࡃ㸪ࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡀฟዑࡋ࡚௨㝆ࡢ ࠶ࡗ࡚㸪ᙼࡢẼຊࡣⴎ࠼ጞࡵࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡋ ᤄヰࡢෆᐜࡣ㸪ᇶᮏⓗ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࣉࣟࢵࢺࡀ ࡶࡇࡢ࡚ࡢ࠾ࡒࡲࡋࡉࡀ࠶ࡲࡾ㩭᫂㢌 ఱᗘࡶ࣮ࣝࣉࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡔࡅࡔࠋ ᾋࡪࡢ࡛㸪ᙼࡣࡋࡤࡽࡃఱࡶ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡲࡲ㸪 ┠ㄽぢࢆᐇ⾜ࡏࡎࡇࡢࡲࡲᘬࡁୗࡀࢁ࠺ ࠑᨺᾉࡍࡿࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡀ୍⩌ࡢேࠎฟ ᛮ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࢁࡀ㸪ࡲࡔࡅᕸᅋそࢃࢀ ࠺ࠒЍࠑᅽಽⓗ⨾ࡋ࠸ᐜጼࢆᣢࡘࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵ ࡚࠸ࡿ⨾ࡋ࠸యࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡓ࠸࠸࠺ហ࡞ዲወ ࢺࢢ࣮ࣝࣉෆࡢዪᛶࡶ⏨ᛶࡶ㨩ࡉࢀ㸪ᙼዪ ᚰ㥑ࡽࢀࡓᙼࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ⛬ᗘ࡞ࡽ⨾ዪࢆ┠ぬࡵ ࢆḼ㏄ࡍࡿࠒЍࠑࢢ࣮ࣝࣉෆࡢ⏨ᛶࡢ୍ேࡀ ࡉࡏࡣࡋ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ุ᩿ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋᙼࡣ࣋ࢵ ࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡢᛶࢆᮃࡴࠒЍࠑࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵ ࢻࡢ⬥㏆࡙ࡁ㸪㞷ࡢࡼ࠺ⓑ࠸ஙᡣ࢟ࢫࢆ ࢺࡀࡑࢀࢆᣄ⤯ࡍࡿࠒЍࠑࢢ࣮ࣝࣉෆࡢዪᛶࡓ ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡍࡿษࡾ⪅ࡢᡭࡀ㸪ࡉࡽࡅࡋ ࡕࡀࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࢆᚅࡍࡿࠒЍࠑࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵ ࡽࡠࡿ⯙࠸ࢆጞࡵࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ࠺ࡗࡾࡍࡿ ࢺࡣ㏨ஸࡍࡿᩆฟࡉࢀ࡚ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࢆ㞳ࢀࡿࠒ ⨾ࡋ࠸యゐࢀࡓ㏵➃㸪ᙼࡢ୰ࡢ⇞࠼ࡸࡍ ࠸㒊ศࡀ୍Ẽ⇞࠼ୖࡀࡾ㸪ࢃࡎṧࡗ࡚࠸ ࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡢฟዑࡢࡁࡗࡅ࡞ࡿࣞࢹ࣭ ࡓᙼࡢ⨾ᚨࡶ㸪ᙼዪࡢ↓ᇈࡉࡢ⏽ࢀࡶ㸪ࡇࡢ ࣂ࢘ࣥࢸࣇࣝࡢᒇᩜ࡛ࡢ୕ゅ㛵ಀࡢᤄヰࡶ㸪ᐇ ⾜Ⅽࢆ༝ࡋࡃᛮ࠺Ẽᣢࡕࡶᾘ࠼ཤࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡲ ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬࡢ≀ㄒ࠘̿̿ࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘ ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢸ࠘ࢆࡘ࡞ࡄᛀࢀࡽࢀࡓᑠㄝ 35 ࡋࡓࠋᙼࡣࡑࡗ࣋ࢵࢻࡢୖࡿ㸪∦ᡭࢆ ࡇ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡳࡿ㸪 ࠶࠶࠾ࡒࡲࡋ࠸ࡇ㸟 㖟⣒ ᙼዪࡢ㢌ࡢୗࡾ㎸ࡲࡏ㸪ᙼዪࡀࡶࡀ࠸ࡓ ࡢ่⧆ࢆࡇࡋࡓໃ࡞⤱ࡢ⢝╔ጼࡢࡈ ᢲࡉ࠼ࡘࡅࡸࡍ࠸యໃࢆྲྀࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡑࡢ㸪 ேᵝࡀ୰ࡽ㣕ࡧฟࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ╀ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ↓ᇈ࡞ፉࡀ┠ࢆぬࡲࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋᙼ ⚾ࡣᝒ㬆ࢆୖࡆ࡚ᐷᗋࡢ࠺ࠋࢪ࣮ࣦࣕ ዪࡣࡲࡌ࠸ᝒ㬆ࢆୖࡆࡿ㸪ᙉጮ㨱ࡢ⭎ࢆ⣲ ࢫࡉࢇࡶᝒ㬆ࢆୖࡆࡿ㸪࠶ࡢேࡣ㸪㦁ࡀ࡞ࡅ ᪩ࡃࡾࡁ㸪࣋ࢵࢻࡢᑐഃ㣕ࡧࡢࡁࡲ ࢀࡤఱࡶࡋ࡞࠸㸪ࡔࡀ㦁࠸ࡔࡽ㸪࠺࡞ࡗ࡚ࡶ ࡋࡓࠋ ࠕఱ࡚ࡇ㸟 ࠶࠶⚄ᵝ㸪 ࠾Ᏺࡾࡃࡔࡉ࠸㸟 ▱ࡽ࡞࠸ࡒ㸪࡛ࡍࡗ࡚ࠋ 㹙͐㹛 ࠋẼ࡙ࡃ㸪ᙼࡢ ࠸ࡗࡓ࠸ㄡ࡛ࡍ㸪ࡇࢇ࡞↓♩࡞ࡇࢆࡍࡿࡢ ᡭࡀ⚾ࡢ⬚ࢆࡲࡉࡄࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࠼࡞ࡀࡽࡶࡑ ࡣ㸟ࠖ 㸦History 1: 249̽50; bk. 2, ch. 3㸧 ࢀẼ࡙ࡃ㸪ࡶ࠺⚾ࡣṚࡑ࠺࡞ࡾ㸪ࡓࡵ ᜥࢆࡘ࠸࡚ྉࡧኌࢆ࠶ࡆ㸪ࡑ࠺ࡋ࡚Ẽࢆኻ࠸ࡲ ࡇࡢሙ㠃ࡢࣜࣝ࡞ᥥࡣ㸪 ࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘ ࡋࡓࠋ 㸦ࣜࢳ࣮ࣕࢻࢯࣥ; Richardson 62̽63㸧 ࠾࠸࡚ேබࢺ࣒ࡢᜊேࢯࣇ࣭࢙࢘ࢫࢱࣥ 㸦Sophia Western㸧ࡀ㈗᪘ࡢ㟷ᖺࣞࣉࡉࢀࡅ ࣃ࣑ࣛࡢⱝேࡀ᭹ࢆ⬺ࡄᙼዪࢆࢡ࣮ࣟࢮࢵࢺ ࡿሙ㠃ࡉ࠼ࢻࢱࣂࢱ႐࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢࡣ ࡢ୰ࡽࡌࡗぢࡘࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺㸪 ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵ 㐪࠸ࡔ㸦ࣇ࣮ࣝࢹࣥࢢ 4: 23̽24; Fielding; bk. ࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࡛࠘ࡣࢡࣟࣇࢶ㟷ᖺࡀ㸪ࡉࡽࡑࡢ 15, ch. 5㸧 ࠋ ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ఱᗘ⌧ ⫼ᚋ࡛ࡣ㏱᫂࡞ࡿᖗᏊࢆࡪࡗࡓస⪅ࡀ㸪 ࢀࡿ࣏ࣝࣀࢢࣛࣇ࣮ࡲࡀ࠸ࡢࣞࣉᮍ㐙ሙ㠃ࡣ㸪 ࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡢᐷጼࢆจどࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࠋ ࡴࡋࢁࣜࢳ࣮ࣕࢻࢯࣥࡢࠗࣃ࣑ࣛ࠘ࢆᛮࢃࡏࡿࠋ ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡢ㏆௦ࣜࣜࢬ࣒ᑠ ẚ㍑ࡢࡓࡵࠗࣃ࣑ࣛ࠘ࡽ㸪ேබ࡛࠶ࡿⱝ࠸ ㄝⓗ࡞ᚰ⌮ᥥࢆ㸪ࡶ࠺ᑡࡋ㏣ࡗ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋࢡࣟ ྊ࠸ࡢፉࣃ࣑ࣛ㸦Pamela㸧ࡀ㸪ᐙᨻ፬㛗ࡢࢪ࣮ࣕ ࣇࢶ㟷ᖺࡣࣞࣉᮍ㐙௳ᚋࡶࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡢఫ ࣦࢫ㸦Mrs. Jervis㸧ඹྠࡢᐷᐊ࡛╀ࢁ࠺ࡋ࡚ ࡴᒇᩜᅾࡋ⥆ࡅ㸪ࢧ࣮࣭ࢺ࣐ࢫࢡࣟࣇࢶࡢ ࠸ࡿ㸪ࢡ࣮ࣟࢮࢵࢺᚸࡧ㎸ࢇ࡛࠸ࡓᒇᩜࡢⱝ ேࡽྠḧᮃࡉࢀࡿࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡣᝏክ ேࣞࣉࡉࢀࡑ࠺࡞ࡿሙ㠃ࢆᘬ⏝ࡋ࡚ࡳࡿࠋ ࠺࡞ࡉࢀࡿࠋᙼዪࡢᝏክࡢᥥࡣ㸪⌧௦ࡢㄞ⪅ ࣇࣟࢺⓗ࡞ゎ㔘ࢆಁࡉࡎࡣ࠾࡞࠸ࠋ ࠕࡋࡗ㸟 ࢪ࣮ࣦࣕࢫࡉࢇ㸪 ࢡ࣮ࣟࢮࢵࢺࡢ୰ ࡛ఱ㡢ࡀࡋࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠖࢪ࣮ࣦࣕࢫࡉ ᙼዪࡣ⮬ศࡀᜍࢁࡋ࠸ᒾࡔࡽࡅࡢᓴࡢࡩࡕ࠸ ࢇࡣ㸪 ࠕ࠸࠸ࡸ㸪࣊ࣥ࡞Ꮚࡔࡡ㸟 ࠸ࡘࡶࣅࢡࣅ ࡿࡢẼ࡙ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋᓴ௨እࡢ࿘ᅖࡣⲈྲྀࡾ ࢡࡋࡓࡾࡋ࡚㸟ࠖ ࠕ࠸࠼㸪࡛ࡶ㸪ఱ࢝ࢧ࢝ࢧ ᕳࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᓴࡢୗࡣ㸪༓ᑜࡢ㇂ࡢᗏ ࠸࠺㡢ࡀ⪺ࡇ࠼ࡲࡋࡓ㸟̿̿ࠖ⚾ࠋ ࠕࢿࢥ࡛ࡶ Ẽ࡞†ࡀぢ࠼ࡲࡍࠋᙼዪࡣࡲࡌ࠸᩿ᓴ⤯ ࠸ࡿࢇࡌࡷ࡞࠸࠸㸪⚾ࡣ⪺ࡇ࠼࡞࠸ࡼࠖ ቨࡢඛ➃❧ࡕ㸪ࣁࣜࢣ࣮ࣥࡢࡼ࠺྿ࡁⲨࡪ ࢪ࣮ࣦࣕࢫࡉࢇࠋ 㢼࠶࠾ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛㸪࠸ࡘ┿ࡗ㏫ࡉࡲ㌿ ⚾ࡣཱྀࢆࡘࡄࡳࡲࡋࡓࡀ㸪ࢪ࣮ࣦࣕࢫࡉࢇ ࡆⴠࡕ࡚ࡶ࠾ࡋࡃ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ㊊ඖࡢᆅ㠃ࡣ ࡣ㸪 ࠕࡶ࠺᪩ࡃᐷࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࢻࡀ㛢ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ ᔂࢀࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡘࡲࢀࡑ࠺࡞≀ࡣ㸪 ࠺ぢ࡚࠾ࡃࢀࠖ࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡿࡢ࡛㸪⚾ࡣ ࡆࡔࡽࡅࡢⲈࡋ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋⲈࢆࡘࡶ࠺ ᡞ⥾ࡲࡾࢆ☜ㄆࡋ㸪ࢡ࣮ࣟࢮࢵࢺࡢ୰ࡶぢ࡚ࡳ ࡍࡿࡓࡧ㸪ࡆࡀᡭࡢࡦࡽࢆᘬࡁࡁࡲࡍࠋ ࡼ࠺ᛮ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࡀ㸪ࡑࢀ௨ୖఱࡶ㡢ࡣ⪺ࡇ࠼ ࡑࡢ⪏࠼㞴࠸ⱞࡋࡳࡶ㸪ᜍࢁࡋ࠸ᓴࡽⴠࡕࡿ ࡞࠸ࡋ㸪ᚲせ࡞࠸ᛮࡗ࡚ᐷᗋᡠࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ ࡼࡾࡣࡲࡋ࡞ࡢ࡛㸪ᙼዪࡣⲈࢆࡋࡗࡾࡘࡶ ➃⭜ࡅ࡚᭹ࢆ⬺ࡂጞࡵࡲࡋࡓࠋ 㹙͐㹛 ࠋࢥࣝ ࠺ࡋࡲࡍࠋࡑࢇ࡞ᝒ࡞≧ἣ࡛ᩘศ㛫᱁㜚ࢆ ࢭࢵࢺࢆࡣࡎࡋ㸪 ࢫࢺࢵ࢟ࣥࢢ࢞࢘ࣥࢆ⬺ࡂ㸪 ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ㸪ࡉࡽᝏ࠸ࡇ㸪ࢡࣟࣇࢶẶ ୗ╔ࡔࡅ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡳࡿ㸪ࡲࡓ࢝ࢧ࢝ࢧࢡ ࢧ࣮࣭ࢺ࣐ࢫࡀᙼዪࡢ࠺㥑ࡅᐤࡗ࡚ࡃࡿ ࣮ࣟࢮࢵࢺ࡛㡢ࡀࡍࡿࠋ⚾ࡣ㸪 ࠕ⚄ᵝ㸪࠾Ᏺࡾࡃ ࡢࡀぢ࠼ࡲࡋࡓࠋேࡶᢤࡁ㌟ࡢࢆࡾ ࡔࡉ࠸㸟 ࡛ࡶ࠾♳ࡾࡍࡿ๓ࢡ࣮ࣟࢮࢵࢺࡢ ࡊࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ேࡢ⾲ࡸືࡁࡽᐹࡍࡿ㸪 ୰ࢆぢ࡚ࡳ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣࠖゝࡗ࡚ࡣࡔࡋࡢࡲࡲࡑ ࡑࡢࢆᙼዪࡢ⬚ࡄࡉࡾ✺ࡁ่ࡍࡘࡶࡾࡢ 36 ෆ⏣ ࡼ࠺࡛ࡍࠋ ᙼዪࡣ࠸ࡘ่ࡋẅࡉࢀࡿࡶ▱ࢀࡎ㸪 ࡞ࢆேබࡋ࡚㸪ࣔࣀࡢどⅬࡽ═ࡵࡓ㒔ᕷ 㑊ࡅࡼ࠺ࡍࢀࡤ㸪ᓴୗࡢ῝ῡ㌿ⴠࡏࡊࡿࢆ ࡢே㛫ࡓࡕࡢ⏕άࢆㅕ่ⓗᥥࡃᑠㄝ⩌࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᚓࡲࡏࢇࠋࡑࡢ㸪ㄡࡀྉࡪኌࡀ⪺ࡇ࠼ࡲࡋ ⚾ࡣ௨๓㸪ࣔࣀㄒࡾࡘ࠸࡚ࡢඛ⾜◊✲ࡢ㆟ㄽࢆ ࡓࠋ㏨ࡆࢁ㸪㏨ࡆࢁ㸪ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬᎹ㸪࡛࡞࠸࠾ ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺せ⣙ࡋࡓࡇࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ࠕ18 ୡ⣖ࢠ ๓ࡣ⤊ࢃࡾࡔࠋ 㸦History 2: 34̽35; bk. 3, ch. 3㸧 ࣜࢫࡢࣔࣀㄒࡾࡢ୰࡛ࡣ㸪 㸦1㸧ࣔࣀࡢຊࡼࡗ࡚ 㝵ᒙࢆ㉸࠼࡚ὶືࡍࡿࣄࢺ㸪 㸦2㸧㧗⣭ရࡽᗫᲠ ࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡢᝒ㬆ࢆ⪺࠸࡚㥑ࡅࡘࡅ㸪ᙼዪࡽ ≀ᚎࠎ౯್ࢆୗⴠࡉࡏ࡞ࡀࡽὶືࡍࡿࣔࣀ㸪 ᝏክࡢヰࢆ⪺࠸ࡓౝዪࡢ࣐࣮ࢪ࣮ࣕࣜࡣ㸪⌧௦ㄞ 㸦3㸧 ࣄࢺࣔࣀὶືᛶࢆ࠼ࡿࡓࡵὶືࡍࡿ ⪅ࡼࡿࣇࣟࢺⓗゎ㔘ࡢጇᙜࡉࢆᨭᣢࡍࡿࡢ ࢝ࢿ㸪 ࠸࠺୕⪅ࡀືࡁᅇࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࣄࢺࡣࡳ࡞㸪 ࡼ࠺㸪ࡾࡊࡉࢀࡓࡣ࣌ࢽࢫࡢ㇟ᚩࡔ ♫㝵ᒙࡢ୍ဨ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࡢࡳᏑᅾព⩏ ࡢࡵࡍࠋ ࠕ࡞ࢇࡔ㸪ࡑࢇ࡞ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ⚾ࡣ࡚ࡗ ࢆつᐃࡉࢀࡿ㸪↓ಶᛶ࡞Ꮡᅾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࣔࣀࡸ࢝ࢿ ࡁࡾ࠾ேࡢࡕࡽࡀ㸪ࡔࡢఱࡔ࡛࠾ ࡣ㒔ᕷࡢෆ㒊ࢆᎰࠎࡋ࡚ࡉࡲࡼ࠸㸪 ࡑࡢ㐣⛬࡛㸪 Ꮉᵝࢆ✺ࡁ่ࡋࡁࡓᛮ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࡼࠖ 㸦History ࣄࢺ࠺ࡋࡢ㛵ಀࡢാࡃᦢྲྀ࣭ᭀຊ࣭◚ቯ 2: 36; bk. 3, ch. 3㸧 ࠸ࡗࡓ㸪㒔ᕷࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡢᬯ㒊ࢆ┠ᧁࡍࡿࠖ 㸦ෆ సရయࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚㸪ேබࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡣ⏨ᛶ ⏣,ࠕࣔࣀࡀㄒࡿࠖ22㸧 ࠋ ࡓࡕࡢᨭ㓄ḧࡸዪᛶࡓࡕࡢ⚾⚾ḧ⩻ᘝࡉࢀࡿ 㧗⣭ရࡔࡗࡓእዓࡀࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞⏨ࡓࡕ╔ࡽࢀ ᙅ࠸Ꮡᅾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋែࢆᡴ㛤ࡍࡿࡓࡵ⮬ࡽ⾜ື ࡿ࠺ࡕ⪁ᮙࡋ࡚᭱ᚋࡣࢦ࣑࡞ࡿࠗ㯮እዓࡢ ࡍࡿ⮬⏤ࡣ㸪ᇶᮏⓗ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ⮬ࡽࡢ ෑ㝤࠘ 㸦1760㸧࠾࠸࡚㸪እዓࡢ⏕ᾭ፬ࡢ⏕ᾭ ពᚿ࡛ᒇᩜࢆฟዑࡍࡿሙ㠃ࢆ㝖ࡅࡤ㸪ᙼዪࡣᖾ ࡀ୪⾜ࡋ࡚ㄒࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺㸪ࣔࣀㄒࡾࡢேබ࡛ ࡞ࡿࡶᖾ⚟࡞ࡿࡶ㸪ேࡢពᚿᚑࢃࡉ ࠶ࡿ⪁ᮙࡋ࡚࠸ࡃၟရࡓࡕࡣ㸪ே㛫࡛࠶ࡾ࡞ࡀ ࢀࡿࡤࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡽ࠶ࡓࡶၟရ࡛࠶ࡿࡢࡼ࠺ྲྀᘬࡉࢀ㸪ㄡ ⱥᩥᏛ◊✲⪅ࡢࢧ࣭ࣔࣥࢹࢵ࣮࢟㸦Simon ࡢᡤ᭷≀ࡋ࡚ࡢᆅ⏑ࢇࡌࡿ㐠࠶ࡗࡓᙜ Dickie㸧ࡣ㸪ࡇࡢ௦ࡢࢠࣜࢫ࡛ὶ⾜ࡋࡓ㸪ᨺ ࡢዪᛶࡓࡕࡢ㇟ᚩࡋ࡚ࢃࢀࡿࡇࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ ᾉࡍࡿᝏඪࡀ⤒㦂ࡍࡿ✍࡞ฟ᮶ࢆୗရࡘ㝧 ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ Ẽㄒࡿᑠㄝࡢࢧࣈࢪࣕࣥࣝࢆ ࠕࣛࣥࣈ࣭ࣝࣀࣦ࢙ ࢬ࠘ࢆㄞࡴ㸪ࡇࡢᑠㄝࡀ㸪ಽ㘒ࡋࡓ⾲⌧ࡔࡀࠕே ࣝࠖ 㸦ramble novels㸧ࡧ㸪ዪᛶࢆேබࡋࡓ 㛫ࢆேබࡋࡓࣔࣀㄒࡾࠖࡢࡼ࠺ᛮ࠼࡚ࡋࡲ ࣛࣥࣈ࣭ࣝࣀࣦ࢙ࣝࡢࡋ࡚㸪፬ࡸዪඃࡢఏ ࠺ࡢࡔࠋᅽಽⓗ࡞⨾ㇺࡼࡗ࡚ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ேࠎ グ࠸࠺タᐃ࡛᭩ࢀࡓᑠㄝ⩌ࡶ㸪࡞ࢇ ࡽྍឡࡀࡽࢀࡓࡾḧᮃࡉࢀࡓࡾࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ࢙࣮࢘ࣝ ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡢྡࢆᣲࡆ࡚࠸ࡿ ࢬࡽࣟࣥࢻࣥ㐢Ṕࡍࡿࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡢ≀ㄒ 㸦Dickie 104–05㸧 ࠋࡋࡋ㸪ࡶࡗࡥࡽேࡢពᚿ ࡣ㸪ྍឡ࠸ឡ⋵≟ࡀࣟࣥࢻࣥࡢࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞㝵ᒙ ⩻ᘝࡉࢀࡿࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡢேබ ࡢேࠎࡢ㛫࡛ྲྀᘬࡉࢀ࡚㐢Ṕࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ࡣ ࡣ㸪ࢹࢵ࣮࢟ࡀ⤂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢዪᛶ∧ࣛࣥ ᚅࡉࢀࡓࡾ㣗ࡽࢀࡑ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࡾ࠸ࡗࡓヨ⦎ ࣈ࣭ࣝࣀࣦ࢙ࣝࡢࡼ࠺࡞㸪㤿㌴ࡢᚚ⪅႖ვࡋࡓ ࢆ⤒㦂ࡍࡿࠗࢳࣅ≟࣏ࣥࣆ࣮≀ㄒ࠘ 㸦The History of ፬ࡀ㸪ᚚ⪅ࡢ㨆ࢆዣ࠺ࡑࡢ୰ᨺᒀࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ Pompey the Little: or, the Life and Adventures of a 㨆ࢆᚚ⪅ࡢ㢦྇ࡁࡘࡅࡿ̿̿࠸ࡗࡓୗရ࡛㝧 Lap-Dog, 1751㸧㏆࠸ࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ≉ࣟࣥࢻࣥ Ẽ࡞ࣦࢱࣜࢸࡣᚤሻࡶឤࡌࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋே ฟ࡚ࡁࡓࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࢆᚅࡕཷࡅࡿ㸪ᙼዪࢆ㦄 බࡀ⮬ࡽࡢពᚿ࡛⾜ື࡛ࡁࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆࡰዣࢃࢀ ࡋ࡚ᦢྲྀࡋࡼ࠺ࡍࡿᝏேࡓࡕࡣ㸪ࣔࣀㄒࡾ㢖 ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡢᑠㄝࢆ㸪ࣛࣥࣈ࣭ࣝࣀࣦ࢙ࣝࡋ࡚ᤊ ฟࡍࡿᆺⓗ࡞㒔ࡢᝏே㏆࠸ᥥࢀ᪉ࢆࡋ࡚ ࠼ࡿࡢࡣ↓⌮ࡀ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ࠸ࡿࠋ ࡴࡋࢁࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡣ㸪ࡸࡣࡾ ࡋࡋࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡀእዓࡸឡ⋵≟Ỵᐃⓗ ࡇࡢ௦ὶ⾜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠕࣔࣀㄒࡾࠖ 㸦it-narratives㸧 㐪࠺ࡢࡣ㸪ࡓ࠼⾜ືࡢ⮬⏤ࢆ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞ࡃ ࡤࢀࡿᑠㄝࡢࢧࣈࢪࣕࣥࣝࢆᛮࢃࡏࡿࠋࡇࢀ ࡚ࡶ㸪⮬ศࡢᛮ࠸ࢆⓎゝࡍࡿ⮬⏤ࡣ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ ࡣே㛫௨እࡢື≀ࡸ⾰᭹࣭ᩥᡣල࣭㔠㖹࣭ࡾ≀ ࡿࡇࢁࡔࠋ ᗊㆤ⪅ࣞࢹ࣭ࣂ࢘ࣥࢸࣇࣝࡽ㸪 ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬࡢ≀ㄒ࠘̿̿ࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘ ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢸ࠘ࢆࡘ࡞ࡄᛀࢀࡽࢀࡓᑠㄝ 37 ⮬ศࢆࣞࣉࡋࡼ࠺ࡋࡓࢡࣟࣇࢶ⤖፧ࡍࡿࡼ ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀ࡞ࡽ࡞ࡐ㸪ࡢ⏨ᛶࡽࡢ㐨⌮ ࠺㏕ࡽࢀࡓࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡣ㸪⮬ࡽࡢᑛཝࢆᏲࡿࡓ ࡞ࡗࡓồ፧ᛂࡌ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࡢ㸽 ࡶࡋࡶ ࡵ㸪ᩒ࠼࡚ᗊㆤ⪅ཱྀ⟅࠼ࡍࡿࡔࡅࡢຬẼࢆ ᑚࡀ⚾ࡢࡇࢆࡑࢇ࡞㢼࠾⪃࠼࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ ᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡿ࡞ࡽ㸪ᙼࡢồឡᛂࡌ࡞࠸࡞ࢇ࡚㢌ࡀ࠾ࡋ ࠸㸪ୡ㛫ࡢேࡣᛮ࠺ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ┦ㄯ࡛ࡁࡿேࡣ ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬᎹࡣᑡࡋẼⰍࡤࢇ࡛ゝ࠸㏉ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ ㄡࡶ࠸࡞࠸ࠋㄡ┦ㄯࡋ࡚ࡳࡓࡇࢁ࡛㸪ࡇ ࠕࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࡶࡋᝏேࡀ⚾ࡢᑛཝࢆዣ࠾࠺ࡋࡓ ࢇ࡞᭷ࡾ㞴࠸⏦ࡋฟࢆཷࡅࡿࡢࢆࡓࡵࡽ࠺࡞ࢇ ࡽ㸪⚾ࡣᝏព‶ࡕࡓヮ⣴ዲࡁ࡞ୡ㛫ࡢẼࡲࡄ ࡚࠾ࡋ࠸ゝ࠺ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ࡛ࡶ⚾ࡣᑚࢆឡ ࢀࢆ‶㊊ࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᑗ᮶ࡢᏳࡽ࡞ᬽࡽࡋ ࡏ࡞࠸ࠋឡࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ே⤖፧ࡍࡁࡔࢁ࠺ ࢆ≛≅ࡋ࡚㎯⪅ᤝࡆ㸪ᙼࡢ㑧ᝏ࡞┠ㄽぢ 㸽 ୡ㛫ࢆ‶㊊ࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ㸪 ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࡃࡔࡽ ࡢ〔⨾ࡋ࡚㸪⚾⮬㌟ࢆ࠼࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞ ࡞࠸ὴᡭ࡞ᬽࡽࡋࢆᡭධࢀࡿࡓࡵ㸪⮬ศࢆ ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࡡࠋࣞࢹ࣭ࣂ࢘ࣥࢸࣇࣝ㸪⚾ࡣ㸪 ࡵࡍࡁ࡞ࢇࡔࢁ࠺㸽 ࠸࠸࠼㸪 ࡑࢀࡣ㥏 ⨾ᚨࡸྡኌࢆಖࡘࡓࡵࡑࢇ࡞ᒅ㎯ࡀᚲせࡔ࡞ ┠ࠋࡑࢇ࡞ࡢࡣྜἲⓗ࡞ࡍࡂ࡞࠸ࠖ ࢇ࡚ᛮ࠼ࡲࡏࢇࠋ⚾ࡀࡲࡿ࡛༝ࡋ࠸㌟ศࡢ፬ 㸦History 2: 219̽20; bk. 4, ch. 5㸧 ࡛࠶ࡿࡢࡼ࠺㥆ࢀ㥆ࢀࡋࡃ㏆࡙࠸࡚ࡃࡿ⏨ ᛶࡢࡇ࡞㸪㍍ࡍࡁࡔᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ⤖ᒁࡇࡢ㏞࠸ࡣ㸪ࣉࣛࢫᑚࡼࡿࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵ ⮬ศࡢᚰࢆ‶㊊ࡉࡏࡓ࠸࠸࠺Ẽᣢࡕࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ ࢺࡢࣞࣉᮍ㐙௳ࡼࡗ࡚ゎᾘࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ᐀ᩍࡶᖖ㆑ࡶ㸪⚾ࡀბഇࡾࡢ࡞࠸ ูࡢୗᐟ⛣ࡾ㸪ୖရ࡞᭹ᆅᒇࡢዪᛶࡢᗑ࡛ ᮏ≀ࡢឡࢆឤࡌࡿࡇࡢ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸⏨ᛶ⤖፧ ࢆᡭఏ࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡣ㸪ᙼዪ ࡍࡿࡇࢆ⚗ࡌ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠖ 㸦History 1: 292̽93; bk. ࡽᐑᘐࡶฟධࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㧗㱋ࡢᨻᐙࢆ⤂ࡉ 2, ch. 6㸧 ࢀ㸪ࡇࡢ⪁ேࡢᒇᩜዊබࡉࡏ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࡇ࡞ ࡿࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇࡇࡇࡲ࡛ఱᗘࡶ࣮ࣝࣉࡍࡿࣉࣟࢵࢺ ⏕άࢆᏳᐃࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵឡࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸┦ᡭ⤖ ࡁྜࡗ࡚ࡁࡓㄞ⪅ࡗ࡚㸪ࡇࡢᨻᐙࡀⱝ ፧ࡍࡁྰ࠸࠺ࢸ࣮࣐ࡣ㸪ฟዑᚋ㌟ඖࢆ ࡃ⨾ࡋ࠸ࢧ࣮࣭ࣜࢹࢣࣥࢬ㸦ࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡢࣟ 㞃ࡋ࡚ࣟࣥࢻ࡛ࣥᬽࡽࡋጞࡵࡓࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡀ㸪 ࣥࢻ࡛ࣥࡢഇྡ㸧ᑐࡋ࡚ఱࢆồࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡣ᫂ ᖺ 2000 ࣏ࣥࢻࡢ⿱⚟࡞㟷ᖺࣉࣛࢫᑚࡋ ࡽࡔࠋࡓ࠸࡚࠸ࡢㄞ⪅ࡢண㏻ࡾ㸪⪁ᨻᐙࡢ ࡘࡇࡃồឡࡉࢀࡿሙ㠃࡛ࡧྲྀࡾୖࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋᯝ ᒇᩜࢆゼࢀࡓࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡀ㒊ᒇ࡛ᙼேࡁࡾ ࡓࡋ࡚ࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡀࣉࣛࢫᑚ⤖፧ࡍࡁ ࡞ࡿ㸪㧗㈗࡞⪁ேࡢែᗘࡣ୍ኚࡍࡿࠋ ࠺㸪 స⪅ࡣㄞ⪅ࡓࡕㄽதࢆጞࡵ 㸦History 2: 211̽12; bk. 4, ch. 4㸧 㸪ࢧ࣮࣭ࢺ࣐ࢫࡢឡࣉࣛ ࠕ࠾๓ࡣ⏨ࡓࡕࢆ༑ศ㐲ࡊࡅ࡚࠾࡞ࡅࢀࡤ ࢫᑚࡢ⣙᮰ࡍࡿ⤒῭ⓗᏳᐃࡢ㛫࡛㏞࠺ࢩ࣮ࣕ ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࡼࠋ ࠶ࡾࡢࡲࡲࡢ࠾๓ࡣ㸪 ያࡽࡼࡾࡎࡗ ࣟࢵࢺ⮬㌟ࡣ㸪௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺⊂ⓑࡍࡿࠋ ඃࢀࡓே㛫࡞ࢇࡔࡽࡡࠋ⏨యࢆゐࡽࡏࡓ ࡾ࢟ࢫࡉࡏࡓࡾࡍࡿࢇࡌࡷ࡞࠸ࡒࠋࡑࢇ࡞ࡇ ࠕ࠶ࡢ᪉㹙ࢧ࣮࣭ࢺ࣐ࢫ㹛ࡀ⚾ࢆ┿ᛮࡗ࡚ ࢆ⮬⏤ࡉࡏࢀࡤ㸪⏨ࡣ࠾๓ᩗពࢆᡶࢃ࡞ࡃ ࡃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠺࡞ࢇ࡚㸪 ࡶ࠺࠺࡛ࡶ࠸࠸ࠋ ࡞ࡗ࡚㸪࠾๓ࡢጾಙࡣᔂࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡋ㸪࠾๓ࡢ ࠶ࡢ᪉ࢆឡࡍࡿࢃࡅࡣ࠸࡞࠸ࢇࡔࡶࡢࠋ࡛ ⨾ᚨࡶ࠸ࡘࡢ㛫ᦆ࡞ࢃࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࢇࡔࠖ⪁ ࡶ㥏┠ࠋ㥏┠ࠋ㍍⋡࡞࠶ࡢ᪉ࡢ⇕ࡀ㸪⚾ࢆࡇ ேࡣ⮬ศࡢ᳔Ꮚࢆᙼዪࡢ㏆ࡃᘬࡁᐤࡏࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࢇ࡞༴㝤ࡉࡽࡍࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡔࡅࢀ㸪⚾ ࠕࢧ࣮ࣜࡸ㸪࠾๓ࡀࡇࡢྍឡࡽࡋ࠸ᡭࢆ⏨ᥱ ࡢᚰࡣ࠶ࡢ᪉ࡢឡࡋ࠸ᛮ࠸ฟ࡛࠸ࡗࡥ࠸࡛㸪 ࡽࡏࡓ࡞ࢇ࡚ࡇࢆ⪺࠸ࡓࡽ㸪⚾ࡣᝒࡋࡃ࡞ࡿ ࡢ⏨ᛶࡢࡇ࡞ࢇ࡚⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ࡛ࡶࡶ࠺㸪 ࡔࢁ࠺ࡼࠋ ࠾๓ࡢᡭࡣ⚾ࡔࡅࡢࡶࡢࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࠖ ࠶ࡢ᪉ࢆᮃࢇ࡛ࡶ↓㥏ࠋ࠶ࡢ᪉ࡢឡࢆཷࡅධࢀ ᙼࡣ⓾ࡔࡽࡅࡢ୧ᡭ࡛ᙼዪࡢᡭࢆᥱࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡇࡣỴࡋ࡚ࡋ࡞࠸⣙᮰ࡋࡓࢇࡔ ᙼዪࡣࡇࢀࡽఱࡀ㉳ࡁࡿࡢศࡽࡎ㸪ࡓࡔ ࡽࠋ⩏ົ⨾ᚨࡀ㸪࠶ࡢ⣙᮰ࢆሀࡃᏲࢀࡌ ⪁ேࢆぢࡘࡵ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࠕ⚾ࡢឡࡋ࠸㸪ឡࡋ࠸ 38 ෆ⏣ ࢧ࣮࣭ࣜࢹࢣࣥࢬ͐͐ࠋࡇࡢྍឡ࠸▖ࡀぢࡘ ࠸ࡗ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠋࡑ࠺ࡍࢀࡤ⚾ࡣ㸪ேࢆ㦄ࡋ࡚ ࡵ࡚࠸࠸ࡢࡣ⚾ࡔࡅࡔࠋࡑࢀ㸦ஙᡣࡢ࠶ࡓࡾ 㝗ࢀࡿഇࡢேࡓࡕࡢ⨜ࡿࡇࡶ࡞ࡃ㸪 ࢆᣦ࡛㍍ࡃࡘࡘࡁ࡞ࡀࡽ㸧ࢻ࢟ࢻ࢟㬆ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ ே㛫ࡢጼࢆࡋࡓ≀ࡓࡕࡢᭀຊᒅࡍࡿࡇࡶ ࡇࡢྍឡࡽࡋ࠸⬚ࡶ㸪࠾๓ࡢ∗ࡉࢇ௨እゐࡽ ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡇࢀࡢᝏᰁࡲࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸⻅ேࡓࡕ ࡏࡕࡷࡔࡵࡔࡼࠋࡑࢀࡽࡇࡢ㸪ྍឡ࠸࠶ࢇࡼ ࡢ㛫࡛㸪Ύࡽ࡞⏕άࢆ㏦ࢀࡿࡇ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠖ ࡶ㸦ᒅࡳࡇࢇ࡛ᙼዪࡢ∦㊊ゐࢀ࡞ࡀࡽ㸧 㸪ࡳࢇ 㸦History 2: 253̽54; bk. 4, ch. 7㸧 ࡞⚾ࡢᐙ㈈㐨ලࡔࠋࡢㄡࡢࡶࡢ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࠋࡑ ࠺ࡔࡡ㸽 ⚾ࡢྍឡ࠸ࢹࢣࣥࢬࠋࡲࡗࡓࡃࡑ ᨻᐙࡢ࡞ࡿࡇࢆ᩿ࡾ㸪ዊබࡢᙜ࡚ࡶ࡞ ࡢ㏻ࡾ࡞ࢇࡔࠋࡑࢀࡽ㊊ࡢୖࡢࡇࡢ࠶ࡓࡾࡶ ࠸ࡲࡲ㈋❓ࡋ࡚㔠ࡀᡶ࠼࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵ 㸦Ῐࡽ࡞୧ᡭࢆ࣌ࢳࢥ࣮ࢺࡢ୰ࡾ㎸ࡲࡏ㸧 㸪 ࢺᑐࡋ㸪ඃࡋࡗࡓୗᐟࡢዪᑗࡸ᭹ᆅᒇࡢዪࡣ ⚾ࡀࡍ࡚ࢆゐࡾ㸪ぢ࡚㸪ࡑࡋ࡚̿̿ࠖ⪁ேࡣ ែᗘࢆ୍ኚࡉࡏࡿࠋࡘ࠸മົ⪅␃⨨ᡤධࢀࡽ ࠶ࡲࡾ⣲᪩ࡃࡋࡷࡾ㸪ື࠸ࡓࡢ࡛㸪㢌ࡢ୰ ࢀࡓࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡢ๓᭹ᆅᒇࡢዪࡀ⌧ࢃࢀ㸪⪁ ࡀ┿ࡗⓑ࡞ࡗࡓ⨾ࡋ࠸ፉࡣఱࡶ࡛ࡁࡲࡏࢇࠋ ᨻᐙࡽࡢᡭ⣬ࢆΏࡍࠋࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡀ⮬ศࡢ ⪁ேࡀ⊷ࡢࡼ࠺༝ࡋ࠸⾜Ⅽࢆ⥆ࡅ㸪⭸ࡢዟࡢ ࡞ࡿ࡞ࡽࡍࡄ㔘ᨺࡋ࡚ࡸࢁ࠺࠸࠺ෆᐜ 㠐ୗ␃ࡵࡲ࡛ᡭࢆఙࡤࡋࡓ㸪ࡼ࠺ࡸࡃᙼዪ ࡔࡗࡓࠋ⮬ᕫࡢᑛཝࢆၟရࡢࡼ࠺ྲྀᘬࡍࡿࡇ ࡣ⾪ᧁࡽᡃ㏉ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋᙼዪࡣ᳔Ꮚࡽ❧ ࢆ㏕ࡽࢀࡓࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡣ㸪⮬ࡽࡢᙅ࠸❧ሙࢆ㢳 ࡕୖࡀࡿ㸪⪁࠸ࡓዲⰍ₎ࢆ✺ࡁ㣕ࡤࡋࡲࡍࠋ ࡳࡎ㸪⊛Ⅿᧁࡍࡿࠋ ⪁ேࡣ௮ྥࡅಽࢀ㸪ᬮ⅔ࡢ⅔᱁Ꮚ⃭ࡋࡃ㢌 ࢆࡪࡘࡅࡲࡋࡓࠋ 㸦History 2: 249̽50; bk. 4, ch. 7㸧 ࡇࡢᡭ⣬ࢆㄞࡳ㸪ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬᎹࡢ▖ࡣᛣࡾ࡛ࡂࡽ ࡾගࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛ክࡶᛮࢃ࡞ࡗࡓ ∗ぶࡢࡼ࠺ᑛᩗࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ⪁ᨻᐙࡽ㸪ࡃࡶ ᐇ㸪ࡓࡗࡓẼ࡙࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ᭹ᆅᒇࡢዪ 㟢㦵࡞ࢭࢡࢩ࣭ࣕࣝࣁࣛࢫ࣓ࣥࢺࢆཷࡅࡓࢩ࣮ࣕ ࣐ࢵࢩ࣮ኵே㹙Mrs. Massey, ୗᐟࡢዪᑗ㹛ࡣ㸪 ࣟࢵࢺࡣ㸪⾪ᧁࢆཷࡅ࡚⪁ᨻᐙࡢᒇᩜࢆ㣕ࡧฟ ࡇࡢᡭ⣬ࢆ᭩࠸ࡓ㑧ᝏ࡞⪁ேࡢᡭඛ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ ࡍ㸪ୗᐟࡢ㒊ᒇᘬࡁࡇࡶࡾ㸪⮬ศࡀ⏨ࡓࡕ ᙼዪࡓࡕࡀ࠶ࢀẼ๓ࡼࡃぶࡋࡃ㝿ࡋ࡚ࡃ ࡗ࡚㨩ຊⓗ࡞ዪ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࡺ࠼⏨ࡓࡕࡽཷࡅ ࢀࡓ⌮⏤ࡶ㸪࡞ࡐࡇࢀࡦࡃ㏕ᐖࡍࡿࡢ ⥆ࡅ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ᭀຊࡢ⌮ᑾࡉࢆჃࡃࠋ ࡶ㸪ࡇࢀ࡛᫂ࡽ࡛ࡍࠋᙼዪࡣᡭ⣬ࢆᛣࡾ ௵ࡏ࡚̿̿ኵே㹙᭹ᆅᒇࡢዪ㹛ᢞࡆࡘࡅࡲࡋ ࢻࢆ㛤ࡅࡓ࣓ࢻ௨እࡣ୍ᐙࡢㄡࡶࢃࡎ㸪 ࡓࠋ ࠕࡇࢀࡀ࠶࡞ࡓࡢ௰ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡛ࡍ㸟 ࡇࢀ ᙼዪࡣࡑࡢࡲࡲୖࡢ㝵࠶ࡿ⮬ศࡢ㒊ᒇࡇࡶ ࡀ⚾ࡀ㔘ᨺࡉࢀࡿ᮲௳ࡔゝ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ࠶࡞ ࡿ㸪ࡇࡽ࠼ࡁࢀ࡞࠸ᝒࡋࡳᡴࡕᔂࢀ㸪⁘ ࡓࡣዪᛶࡢ㸪 ៅࡳ῝ࡉࡢ㠃ởࡋ࡛ࡍ㸟 ࡎ ࡢᾦࢆὶࡋࡘࡘ㸪ᙇࡾࡅࡑ࠺࡞⬚ࢆࡾ⤠ࡗ ࡋࡃ࡞࠸࡛ࡍ㸪ࡇࡢఱᖺࡶ㑧ᝏ࡞⾜Ⅽࢆ௰ ࡚ࡇ࠺Ⴣࡃࡢ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ ࠕ࠶࠶⚄ᵝ㸪࠺ࡋ࡚⚾ࡢ ࡋ࡚㸪⨾ᚨ↓ᇈࢆ◚⁛ࡉࡏ࡚ࡁࡓ࡞ࢇ࡚㸟 ᐜጼࡣ㸪ぢࡿேࠎࡍ࡚ࡇࢀୗຎ࡞ḧᮃ ࠶࡞ࡓࢆ㞠ࡗࡓ⪁࠸ࡓࡅ≀ࡢࡇࢁ⾜ࡗ࡚ ࢆᥙࡁ❧࡚࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸽 ⚾ࡢఱẼ࡞ ఏ࠼࡞ࡉ࠸ࠋ⚾ࡣᙼࡢ༝ࡋ࠸⏦ࡋฟࢆ㸪ᚰࡢᗏ ࠸㌟ࡢࡇ࡞ࡋࡀ㸪ᆅࡶᖺ㱋ࡶẼ㉁ࡶ㛵ಀ࡞ࡃ ࡽ㍍ࡋࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡢ⨾ᚨࡣ㸪ᙼࡢࡼ࠺࡞༝ຎ ࠶ࡽࡺࡿ⏨ᛶࢆࡑࡑࡢࡋ࡚㸪༝ຎ࡞⾜ືྥ ₎ㄏᝨࡉࢀࡓࡃࡽ࠸࡛ࡣࡄࡽࡘࡁࡲࡏࢇࠋ⚾ ࢃࡏࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸽 ࡇࢀࡲ࡛Ẋ᪉ ࡀ࡞ࡐ㎞࠸┠㐼ࢃ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ㸪⌮ ࡢམ࠺ࡁ⇕ⱞࡋࡵࡽࢀࡿࡢࡀ㸪ࡶࡋࡶ⚾ ⏤ࡀศࡗࡓࡢࡣ࠸࠸ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ࠶࡞ࡓࡢࡼ࠺ ࡢࡏ࠸࡞ࡽ㸪࠺⚾ࢆࢀࢇ࡛ࡃࢀࡿኳࢆ ࡞ᛶ᰿ࡢ⭉ࡗࡓዪᛶࡣ㸪ࡓ࠼࠶࡞ࡓࢆ㞠ࡗ 㐵ࢃࡋ࡚㸪⚾ࡀᑡࡋ࡛ࡶᏳࡽࡂࢆᚓࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺ ࡓᝏ㨱ࡢ࿚࠸ࡢຊࢆࡾࡓࡇࢁ࡛㸪฿ᗏ⚾ࢆ 㸪ࡢ࡛⣧₩࡞⏕άࢆ㏦ࢀࡿࡼ࠺㸪⚾ࡢ ⱞࡋࡵࡿࡇ࡞࡛ࡁࡲࡏࢇࠋ࠶࡞ࡓࡀ࠼ࡿ ᝏ࠸ࡇࢁࢆ┤ࡋ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠋࡑ࠺࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤ ヨ⦎࡞㸪⚾ࡣ㝧Ẽ⪏࠼࡚ࡳࡏࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑ ࠸ࡗࡑ⚾ࢆ㸪ࡇே㔛㞳ࢀࡓⲨᆅ㐃ࢀ࡚ ࢀࡣ⚾ࡢ↓ᇈࢆᏲࡿࡇ࡞ࡾ㸪႐ࡧࢆ࠼࡚ ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬࡢ≀ㄒ࠘̿̿ࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘ ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢸ࠘ࢆࡘ࡞ࡄᛀࢀࡽࢀࡓᑠㄝ 39 ࡃࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࡽࠋ㏫࠶࡞ࡓࡢࡼ࠺⚄ࢆ⏽ Wetmore㸧ࡀ⡆₩せ⣙ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺㸦Wetmore ࢀࡠယࢀ࡞ே㛫ࡇࡑࡀ㸪⤊ࢃࡾࡢ࡞࠸ⱞᝎᚋ 4̽6㸧 㸪2002 ᖺࡢࢺ࣐ࢫ࣭࣮࣐࣮࢟ࡼࡿࢫࢱ࣮ࣥ ࡉࡽࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠖ 㸦History 2: 276–77; bk. 4, ㄽ㸦Keymer㸧ࡀࡁࡗࡅ࡞ࡾ㸪 ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ ch. 8㸧 ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ ࢆࡣࡌࡵࡍࡿ 1750 ᖺ௦ᑠㄝࡀഛ࠼࡚ ࠸ࡓࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࠘㏻ࡌࡿ࣓ࢱ ⪁ᨻᐙࡢᡭඛ࡞ࡗࡓዪᛶࡓࡕࡼࡿ㝜‵࡞࠸ ࣇࢡࢩࣙࣥᛶࡀぢ┤ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠋඛ㏙ ࡌࡵࡢᥥࢆ㛗ࠎㄞࢇ࡛ࡁࡓᙜࡢㄞ⪅ࡣ㸪ࡇ ࡋࡓࢡࣜࢫࢸ࣮ࢼ࣭ࣛࣉࢺࣥࡼࡿࠕࢃࡅ▱ࡾ ࡇ࡛࠸⁀㣧ࢆୗࡆࡓࡇࡔࢁ࠺ࠋᖾ࠸ࢩ࣮ࣕ 㢦ࡢᮏࠖ 㸦knowing books㸧࠸࠺ᴫᛕࡶ㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋ ࣟࢵࢺࡗ࡚ࡇࡢᑐỴࡀ᭱ᚋࡢ㜚࠸࡞ࡾ㸪ᢞ ࡓືࡁࡢ୍⎔ࡋ࡚ᥦၐࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ⊹ᑍ๓ᩆࢃࢀࡓᙼዪࡣ㸪࠶ࡣ࠶ࡽࡌࡵ⏝ព ⱥᩥᏛ◊✲⪅ࡢࢫࢥࢵࢺ࣭ࣈࣛࢵࢡ㸦Scott Black㸧 ࡉࢀࡓࣁࢵࣆ࣮࢚ࣥࢹࣥࢢྥࡗ୍࡚┤⥺ ࡣ㸪ࡢࢫࢱ࣮ࣥ◊✲⪅ࡀࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕ ✺ࡁ㐍ࡴࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ ࣥࢹ࠘ࡢྠ௦ᑠㄝࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ㔜どࡋࡍࡂࡿഴ ⤒῭ຊ≀ࢆゝࢃࡏ࡚ᙼዪࢆ⮬ศࡢᡤ᭷≀ࡋ ྥࢆᢈุࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠕࡶࡋࡶࢫࢱ࣮ࣥࡀ㸪ࢭࣝࣂࣥ ࡼ࠺┠ㄽࡴ⏨ᛶࡓࡕࡢ⌮ᑾ࡞ᨭ㓄ḧᚭᗏⓗ ࢸࢫࡽ 18 ୡ⣖ேࡀᏛࢇࡔࡢྠࡌࡇࢆࡋ࡚ ᢠ࠸㸪ᮏᙜឡࡍࡿࡇࡢ࡛ࡁࡿ┦ᡭ⤖፧ࡍ ࠸ࡓࡍࡿ࡞ࡽ㸪ࢫࢱ࣮ࣥ⮬㌟ࡢࢭࣝࣂࣥࢸࢫⓗ ࡿࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡣ㸪ᙜࡢዪᛶㄞ⪅ࡗ࡚ࢀ ࡞㐟ࡧࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡢ㸪ࢫࢱ࣮ࣥࡢ㞄ேࡓࡕࡢᐇ ࡢࣄࣟࣥ࡞ࡾᚓࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡇࡢ 㦂ࢆᣢࡕฟࡍᚲせࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ※Ἠࡽ┤᥋྾࡛ࡁ ᑠㄝࡀᅜቃࢆࡲࡓ࠸࡛࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃㅖᅜ࡛ேẼࢆᚓ ࡿࡶࡢࢆ㸪ࢃࡊࢃࡊ௦⢭⚄ࡽ྾ࡍࡿᚲせࡣ ࡓ⛎ᐦࡣ㸪ࡑࡇ࠶ࡿࡢࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡞࠸ࡢࡔࡽࠖ 㸦Black 871㸧 ࠋࣈࣛࢵࢡࡼࢀࡤ㸪 ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ ࢆྵࡵࡓ㸪 ࣐ࣦ࢛࣮ࣜ ࡑࡶࡑࡶࠕ ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࠘ࡣᑠㄝ ࡢ࣐ࠗࣜࣖࣥࢾࡢ⏕ᾭ࠘ࡢᙳ㡪ୗ࠶ࡿᏙඣᑠㄝ 㹙novel㹛࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠖ 㸦869㸧࠸࠺ࠋᑠㄝ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ ࠸࠺ࢧࣈࢪࣕࣥࣝࡣ㸪18 ୡ⣖ᚋ༙ࡢࢠࣜࢫ࡛ ࡢࡔࡽ㸪ࡇࡢసရࢆྠ௦ࡢᑠㄝྐࡢ୰⨨ ࡣ㸪ࣇࣛࣥࢩࢫ࣭ࣂ࣮ࢽ࣮㸦Frances Burney, 1752– ࡙ࡅࡿᚲせࡣ࡞࠸࠸࠺㊃᪨࡛࠶ࡿࠋୡ⏺ᩥᏛྐ 1840㸧ࡢࣦ࣮ࠗࣜࢼ࠘ 㸦Evelina; or The History of a ࡢ୰࡛ࡶ㔜せ࡞ᑠㄝࡢ୍ࡘᩘ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡇࡢከ Young Lady’s Entrance into the World, 1778㸧࡞ࡢస ࠸ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࠘ࡀ㸪ᑠㄝ࡛࡞࠸ ရ⩌ཷࡅ⥅ࡀࢀ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋᮏ✏ ࡣ࠸ࡗࡓ࠸࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ࡛ࡣ࣓ࢱࣇࢡࢩࣙࣥⓗ࡞ㄒࡾࡢᢏἲ╔┠ ⱥㄒᅪ࠾ࡅࡿᑠㄝㄽࡣ㸪 ࠕࣀࣦ࢙ࣝࠖ 㸦novel㸧 ࡋ࡚㸪 ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࢆࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙ ࠸࠺ⱥ༢ㄒࡀ㸪ᗈ࠸ព࡛ࡣࠕᩓᩥࡼࡿᵓ ࣥࢬ࠘ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࠘ࢆࡘ࡞ࡄ సရࡋ࡚ࡢᑠㄝ⯡ࠖ 㸦prose fiction㸧ࢆᣦࡋ㸪⊃ ᑠㄝࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ㄒࡽࢀࡓ≀ㄒࡢࢸ࣮࣐ ࠸ព࡛ࡣ ࠕࡘ࡚ 18 ୡ⣖ࢠࣜࢫ࡛ຨ⯆ࡋࡓ ╔┠ࡍࢀࡤ㸪 ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࢆࠗࣃ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ㏆௦ࣜࣜࢬ࣒ᑠㄝࠖࢆᣦࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ ࣑ࣦ࣮ࣛ࠘ࠗࣜࢼ࠘ࢆࡘ࡞ࡄᑠㄝࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ ࠺ࡓࡵ㸪ⱥㄒᅪ௨እࡢே㛫ࡽぢࢀࡤ↓㥏ࡋ ࡿࡇࡶ࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ ᛮ࠼࡞࠸ΰࢆࡁࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋሙྜࡼࡗ࡚ࡣ ྠࡌᩥ❶ࡢ୰࡛ࠕࣀࣦ࢙ࣝࠖ࠸࠺༢ㄒࡀᗈ࠸ព 熋熄 ˧ιϒσΙΞϑδϒΐ˨͇˧ΞπΏΞοζϑ ιωΝ˨͆↙墝ᾭ┒̣ ࡛ࢃࢀࡓࡾ⊃࠸ព࡛ࢃࢀࡓࡾࡍࡿࡢ࡛㸪 ᑠㄝㄽࡢⴭ⪅ࡀࠕࣀࣦ࢙ࣝࠖ࠸࠺༢ㄒࢆ࠺ࡓ ࡧ㸪ㄞ⪅ࡢഃࡣ㸪 ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࠘ ࠾ࡅࡿࠕ㰯ࠖ࠸࠺༢ㄒࡢ᭕࡞ᐃ⩏㸦vol. 3, ch. 31㸧 ࢆᛮࢃࡏࡿពࡢ㏞ᐑᅃࢃࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢࡔࠋ ୡ⣖ධࡗ࡚ࡽࡢࢫࢱ࣮ࣥ◊✲ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ௦ ྠ௦ࡢᕷẸ♫⏕ࡁࡿಶேࡢ⤒㦂ࢆࣜࣝ ⾲సࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࠘ࡢฟ⌧ࢆ㸪ྠ ᥥࡁฟࡍᑠㄝ࠸࠺㸪 ⊃࠸ព࡛ࡢ ࠕࣀࣦ࢙ࣝࠖ ௦ࡢὶ⾜ᑠㄝࡢᩥ⬦⨨࡙ࡅࡿഴྥࡀᙉ࠸ࠋ ࡢ⏝ἲࢆᐃ╔ࡉࡏࡓࡢࡣ㸪ࢲࢽ࢚࣭ࣝࢹࣇ࢛࣮ ⱥᩥᏛ◊✲⪅ࡢࣞࢵࢡࢫ࣭࢙࢘ࢵࢺࣔ㸦Alex 㸦Daniel Defoe, 1660㸽̽1731㸧㸪ࢧ࣑࢚࣭ࣗࣝࣜ 40 ෆ⏣ ࢳ࣮ࣕࢻࢯࣥ㸪࣮࣭࣊ࣥࣜࣇ࣮ࣝࢹࣥࢢ࠸ ⱥㄒ௨እࡢゝㄒ࡛᭩ࢀࡓࡶࡢࡀ 4 ศࡢ 1 ࡽ 3 ࠺ 3 ேࡢసᐙࡢసရࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࢠࣜࢫࠕࣀ ศࡢ 1 ࢆ༨ࡵࡿ࠸࠺㸦374㸧 ࠋ ࣦ࢙ࣝࠖࡀຨ⯆ࡋࡓᙇࡍࡿ㸪࣭ࣥ࣡ࢵࢺ ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࠘ࡀࣀࣦ࢙࡛ࣝࡣ࡞ 㸦Ian Watt㸧ࡢⴭ᭩ࠗᑠㄝࡢຨ⯆࠘ 㸦The Rise of the ࠸ゝ࠺ࢫࢥࢵࢺ࣭ࣈࣛࢵࢡࡀ㸪ࡇࡢసရࢆ࠺ Novel, 1957㸧ࡔࡗࡓࠋห⾜ᚋ༙ୡ⣖௨ୖࢆ⤒ࡓ⌧ ࢪࣕࣥࣝศࡅࡋ࡚࠸ࡿゝ࠼ࡤ㸪ࢭࣝࣂࣥࢸࢫ ᅾ㸪࣡ࢵࢺࡢ⊃ⱞࡋࡃ࡚❓ᒅ࡞ࠕࣀࣦ࢙ࣝࠖほ ⏤᮶ࡍࡿ႐ⓗ࣐ࣟࣥࢫ㸦comic romance㸧㸪 ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᢈุࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡓ࠼ࡤⱥᩥᏛ 18 ୡ⣖ࢠࣜࢫࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸ࢪ࡛ࣕࣥࣝ࠶ࡿ㸪ᯫ✵ࡢ ◊✲⪅ࡢఀ⸨ㄋࡣ㸪࣡ࢵࢺࡢㄝࢆࠕ୍ୡ⣖௨㝆 ࢟ࣕࣛࢡࢱ࣮ࡀ᭩࠸ࡓ࠸࠺タᐃ࡛Ⓨ⾲ࡉࢀࡿ ᐃᆺࡋࡓ୍㒊ࡢᑠㄝࡽᢳฟࡉࢀࡓᑠㄝᴫᛕ ࢚ࢵࢭࢆ⼥ྜࡉࡏࡓࡶࡢ࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡿ ࢆ㭐㹙ࡠ࠼㹛ࡢࡈࡁ୍ඵୡ⣖ᑠㄝᢲࡋࡘࡅࡿ 㸦Black 871㸧ࠋᙜࡢᐃᮇห⾜≀ᥖ㍕ࡉࢀࡓ ࢼࢡࣟࢽࢬ୍࣒ࠖย୧᩿ࡍࡿ㸦ఀ⸨ 9, ゅᣓ ࢚ࢵࢭ࡛ࡣ㸪➹⪅ࡀᐇྡ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃᯫ✵ࡢ࢟ࣕࣛ ᘼෆࡣཎᩥࡢࣝࣅ㸧 ࠋࡉࡽఀ⸨ࡣࠗᑠㄝࡢຨ⯆࠘ ࢡࢱ࣮ࢆタᐃࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ࢟ࣕࣛࢡࢱ࣮ࡀㄒࡿ࠸࠺ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡇ࠺᭩࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠕࡶࡋࡇࡢᮏࡢࢱࢺࣝ ᙧ࡛ᩥ❶ࢆⓎ⾲ࡍࡿࡇࡀከ࠸ࠋ ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛ ࡀࠗࢠࣜࢫ㏆௦ࣜࣜࢬ࣒ᑠㄝࡢຨ⯆࡛࠘࠶ࢀ ࢩࣕࣥࢹ࠘࠸࠺సရࢆ㸪స⪅ࢫࢱ࣮ࣥࡀ₇ࡌ ࡤ㸪➹⪅ࡃ␗ㄽࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ࣡ࢵࢺࡢᑠㄝࡢᐃ ࡿࠕࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒ࣛࠖ࠸࠺࢟ࣕࣛࢡࢱ࣮ࡀ᭩࠸ࡓ ⩏ࡀ࠶ࡲࡾࡶ⊃࠸ࡢࡀ‶࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᑠㄝ 㹙ࣀ ࢚ࢵࢭᤊ࠼ࡿࡢࡣ㸪 ☜⯆῝࠸ㄝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࣦ࢙ࣝ㹛ࢆ㸪ୡ⏺ඛ㥑ࡅ࡚㏆௦ࡋࡓࢠࣜࢫ ࡓࡔࡋࡇࡇ࡛ᛮ࠸ฟࡍࡁ࡞ࡢࡣ㸪ࡑࡶࡑࡶⱥㄒ ᅛ᭷ࡢࡶࡢࡋ࡚⪃࠼ࡿጼໃᅜ⢋ⓗ࡞ໝ࠸ࡉ ᅪ௨እࡢேࠎࡀ⪃࠼ࡿ ࠕᑠㄝࠖ ࠸࠺ࢪࣕࣥࣝࡣ㸪 ࠼ࡍࡿࠖ 㸦ఀ⸨ 14, ゅᣓᘼෆࡣཎᩥࡢࣝࣅ㸧 ࠋ ࢭࣝࣂࣥࢸࢫࡢࠗࢻ࣭࣮ࣥ࢟࣍ࢸ࠘ࡢࡼ࠺࡞႐ ㄒࡾᡭࡢࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࠸࠺⏨ࡀ ⓗ࣐ࣟࣥࢫࡶ㸪ᯫ✵࢟ࣕࣛࢡࢱ࣮ࡼࡿ࢚ࢵࢭ ⮬ศࡢ༙⏕ࢆㄒࡿᐉゝࡋࡘࡘ㸪 ࠕవィ࡞ࡇࠖࢆ ࡶ㸪ࡍ࡚ྲྀࡾ㎸ࢇ࡛ࡋࡲ࠼ࡿไ⣙ࡢᑡ࡞࠸ ㄒࡿ⬺⥺ࡤࡾࡋ୍࡚ྥヰࡀඛ㐍ࡲ࡞࠸ࠗࢺ ࢪࣕࣥࣝࡔ࠸࠺ࡇࡔࠋ ࠕ㭐ࡢࡈࡁ୍ඵୡ⣖ᑠ ࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࠘࠸࠺సရࡣ㸪᫂ࡽ ㄝࠖ 㸦ఀ⸨ 9㸧ࡣゝ࠸ᚓ࡚ጁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ႐ⓗ࣐ࣟ ࠕᑠㄝ࡛ࠖࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ᕷẸ♫ࢆࣜࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ ࣥࢫᯫ✵࢟ࣕࣛࢡࢱ࣮ࡼࡿ࢚ࢵࢭࢆ⼥ྜࡉ ᡭἲ࡛ᥥ࠸ࡓ⊃࠸ព࡛ࡢࠕࣀࣦ࢙࡛ࣝࠖ࠶ࡿ ࡏࡓసရࡣ㸪ⱥㄒᅪ௨እ࡛ࡣ㌋㌉࡞ࡃࠕᑠㄝࠖ ࠺ࡣ㆟ㄽࡢศࢀࡿࡇࢁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋⱥᩥᏛ◊ ࡋ࡚ᢅࢃࢀࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ✲⪅ࡢࢪࣕࢵࢡ࣭ࣜࣥࢳ㸦Jack Lynch㸧ࡣ㸪ⱥㄒᅪ ࣈࣛࢵࢡ⮬㌟ࡶ㸪ⱥㄒᅪ࠾ࡅࡿࠕࣀࣦ࢙ࣝࠖ ࡢ◊✲⪅ࡓࡕࡀࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࠘ࢆ ࠸࠺ゝⴥࡢពࡀ⊃ࡍࡂࡿࡇ‶ࢆࡶࡽࡋ ᩥᏛྐ࠺⨨࡙ࡅࡿⱞປࡋ࡚ࡁࡓṔྐࢆ ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠕࡶ࠺ࡑࢁࡑࢁࣀࣦ࢙ࣝࡢ≀ㄒࢆ㸪㏆௦ࡸ ㄒࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪 ᙼࡼࢀࡤࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᅔ㞴ࡢῡ※ࡣ㸪 ᅜቃࡸࣜࣜࢬ࣒࠸࠺ไ⣙ࢆእࡋ࡚ᩚ⌮ࡋ┤ࡋ ࢡ࣭࣮ࣦࣞࣛࣜ㸦Clara Reeve, 1729–1807㸧ࡢᑠ ࡚ࡶ࠸࠸ࡇࢁࡔࠖ 㸦Black 869㸧 ࠋ ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛ ㄝㄽ࣐ࠗࣟࣥࢫࡢ㐍Ṍ࠘ 㸦Progress of Romance, 1785㸧 ࢩࣕࣥࢹ࠘ࡀࣀࣦ࢙࡛ࣝࡣ࡞࠸࠸࠺ᙇࡽ ௨᮶㸪ᚑ᮶ࡢᑠㄝ࡛࠶ࡿࠕ࣐ࣟࣥࢫࠖ㸪18 ୡ⣖ ጞࡲࡗࡓ㸪ࡇࡢసရࡢᩥᏛྐⓗ⨨࡙ࡅ㛵ࡍࡿ ᬑཬࡋࡓ⌧௦ࡢᕷẸࡢ⏕άࢆࣜࣝᥥࡃᑠㄝ ᙼࡢ㆟ㄽࡢ⤖ㄽࡣ㸪ࣀࣦ࢙ࣝࡀࠕ㏆௦ࣜࣜࢬ࣒ ࡛࠶ࡿࠕࣀࣦ࢙ࣝࠖࡀูࡢࢪࣕࣥࣝࡋ࡚⪃࠼ ᑠㄝࠖ࠸࠺ព࡞ࡽࡑࡢὶࢀ୪⾜ࡋ࡚㸪 ࠕᑠㄝ ࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࡇ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦Lynch 372㸧 ࠋࣜ యࠖ࠸࠺ព࡞ࡽࡑࡢෆ㒊㸪ࢭࣝࣂࣥࢸࢫ ࣥࢳࡼࢀࡤ㸪 ࠕ࣐ࣟࣥࢫࠖࠕࣀࣦ࢙ࣝࠖࢆ༊ู ࢆᘬࡁ⥅ࡂࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࠘⮳ࡿ ࡋ࡞࠸ⱥㄒ௨እࡢ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃㅖㄒࢆ࠺◊✲⪅ ⮬ᕫゝཬⓗ࡞ࢪࣕࣥࣝࡢᩥ❶ࡀᏑᅾࡋࡓࡇࢆㄆ ࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪 ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࠘ࡢᩥᏛྐ ㆑ࡍࡁࡔ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡔ㸦890㸧 ࠋ ⓗ⨨࡙ࡅࡶⱥㄒᅪᅔ㞴࡛ࡣ࡞࠸㸦372㸧 ࠋࡑ ࡑࡢⅬࡣࡶࡗࡶ࡞㆟ㄽࡔࡀ㸪୍᪉࡛ࠗࢺࣜࢫ ࡢࡏ࠸㸪 ࢫࢱ࣮ࣥࢆ◊✲ࡋࡓᩥ⊩ࡣࡢ 18 ୡ⣖ ࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࠘ 1750 ᖺ௦ὶ⾜ᑠㄝࡀᙳ㡪 ࢠࣜࢫࡢసᐙẚ࡚ᅜ㝿ᛶࡀ㧗ࡃ㸪㏆ᖺࡢࢫ ࡋࡓྍ⬟ᛶࢆ㝖ࡋࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࣈࣛࢵࢡࡢ㆟ㄽ ࢱ࣮ࣥ◊✲ᩥ⊩ࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪᪥ᮏㄒࡸ㡑ᅜㄒࡶྵࡵ࡚ ࡣ㸪୍ࡘࡁ࡞Ḟ㝗ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕ ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬࡢ≀ㄒ࠘̿̿ࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘ ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢸ࠘ࢆࡘ࡞ࡄᛀࢀࡽࢀࡓᑠㄝ 41 ࣥࢹ࠘ࡀࣀࣦ࢙࡛ࣝࡣ࡞࠸ࡽྠ௦ࡢࣀࣦ࢙ ࢱࡋࡓࢶࢵࢱ࣮࡛ࡢࡸࡾྲྀࡾ࡛┒ࡾୖࡀࢀࡿ㸪 ࣝࡢᙳ㡪࡞⪃៖ࡋ࡞ࡃ࡚Ⰻ࠸ࡍࡿᙇࡣ㸪 ࠗࢺ ⌧௦ࡢࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢ㠃ⓑࡀࡾ᪉ࡢឤぬ㏆࠸ࡶゝ ࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࠘௨እࡢᙜࡢᑠㄝࡀ⊃ ࠼ࡿࠋࡑ࠺࠸࠺㠃ⓑࡀࡾ᪉ࢆⓎぢࡋࡓࡇࡼࡗ ࠸ព࡛ࡢࣀࣦ࢙࡛ࣝࡋ࡞ࡗࡓ࠸࠺㸪ㄗࡗ ࡚㸪 ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࠘࠸࠺ᑠㄝࡣ⌧ ࡓㄆ㆑ࢆ๓ᥦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࠋᐇ㝿ࡣ㸪 ࠗࢺࣜࢫ ௦ࡶ㏻⏝ࡍࡿྂ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࠋ ࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࠘ࡀࠕ㏆௦ࣜࣜࢬ࣒ᑠㄝࠖ ⱥᩥᏛ◊✲⪅ࡢṊ⏣ᑗ᫂ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ⚽㐓࡞ࠗࢺࣜ ࠸࠺ព࡛ࡢ⣧⢋࡞ࣀࣦ࢙࡛ࣝࡣ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺㸪 ࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࠘ㄽࡢ୰࡛ࡇ࠺᭩࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࢆࡣࡌࡵࡍࡿ 1750 ࠕᩥᏛྐ࠸࠺≀ㄒࡢୖ࡛ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕ ᖺ௦ࡢὶ⾜ᑠㄝࡶ㸪༢⣧ࣀࣦ࢙ࣝࡢせ⣲ࡔࡅ࡛ ࣥࢹ࠘ࡣഅⓎⓗ࡞⌧㇟࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᚑࡗ࡚Ꮩ⊂࡛࠶ ฟ᮶࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ ࡿࠋࣛࣈ࣮ࣞࡸࣂ࣮ࢺࣥ㸪ࢫ࢘ࣇࢺ࡞㸪㐲ࡃ ࢬ࠘ ࡢㄒࡾᡭࡀㄞ⪅ὶࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ ࠕవィ࡞ࡇࠖ ࡽࢫࢱ࣮ࣥస⏝ࡍࡿຊࡣ࠶ࡗࡓࡀ㸪ᙼ⮬㌟ࡣ ࢆㄒࡿ㒊ศࡣ㸪 ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࠘ࡢ ┤⣔ࡢぶࡶᏊࡶᣢࡓ࡞࠸ࠖ 㸦Ṋ⏣ 110㸧 ࠋ⌧௦ࡢᢈ ሙྜྠࡌࡼ࠺㸪ᯫ✵࢟ࣕࣛࢡࢱ࣮ࡼࡿ࢚ࢵ ホᐙ㔜せ࡞సရࡋ࡚ㄆᐃࡉࢀࡓṇࡔࡅࢆᑐ ࢭࡢせ⣲ࡀᑡ࡞ࡽࡎΰධࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ㇟ࡍࡿᩥᏛྐࡢ≀ㄒࡢ୰࡛ࡣ㸪☜ࡑࡢ㏻ࡾ ☜ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࠘ࡢసရ୰ ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡋࡋྠ㸪⌧௦ࡢṇࡽࡇࡰࢀⴠ ࡛ࡣ㸪 ࠗࢻ࣭࣮ࣥ࢟࣍ࢸ࠘ࡀఱᗘࡶゝཬࡉࢀࡿ୍᪉ ࡕࡓ㸪ᙜࡢ࣏ࢵࣉ࣭࢝ࣝࢳ࣮࡛ࣕ࠶ࡿὶ⾜ᑠㄝ ࡛㸪ྠ௦ࡢὶ⾜ᑠㄝࡢゝཬࡣ୍ᗘࡶ࡞࠸ࠋస ࡢศ㔝࡛ࡣ㸪⮬ᕫゝཬⓗ࡞ㄒࡾࡢᢏἲࡀࡍ࡛ ⪅ࢫࢱ࣮ࣥ⮬㌟ࡣ㸪ୗᡭస୰࡛Ᏻࡗࡱ࠸ὶ⾜ᑠ ╔ࠎ㔊ᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥ ㄝゝཬࡋ࡚㸪⮬ศࡢసရࢆࡑࢀࡽྠิ⨨ࡁ ࢹ࠘ࡢฟ⌧ࡀᩥᏛྐୖࡢ✺↛ኚ␗ⓗ࡞௳࡛ ࡓࡃࡣ࡞ࡗࡓࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡋࡋࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛ ࠶ࡿࡇኚࢃࡾࡣ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪┤⣔ࡢぶࢆᣢࡓ࡞࠸ ࢩࣕࣥࢹ࠘ࡣ㸪ᾋୡࢆ㞳ࢀ࡚ឤᛶࡢ࠾ࡶࡴࡃࡲ ࡑࡢㄌ⏕ࢆ‽ഛࡋࡓ⏕ࢫ࣮ࣉࡋ࡚㸪 ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕ ࡲ⮬⏤సࢆ⾜࡞࠺సᐙࡼࡗ࡚ไసࡉࢀࡓⱁ ࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࢆࡣࡌࡵࡍࡿ⮬ᕫゝཬⓗ࡞ ⾡సရ࡞࡛ࡣ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ᭷ྡ࡞ࡾࡓࡃ࡚᪉ ᑠㄝ⩌ࡣస⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋṊ⏣ ࡀ࡞࠸⏣⯋ࡢ↓ྡసᐙࡼࡗ࡚᭩ࢀ㸪ὶ⾜ᕥ ࡼࢀࡤࠕ༑ඵୡ⣖ࡢ࢟ࣥࢢ࣭ࣦ࣭࣏࢜ࢵࣉࠖ 㸦79㸧 ྑࡉࢀࡿࣟࣥࢻࣥࡢᑠㄝឡዲᐙࢆ࡞ࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࢫࢱ࣮ࣥࡣ㸪࣓ࢱࣇࢡࢩࣙࣥⓗ࡞ㄒࡾ ࡋ࡚ࡾฟࡉࢀࡓၟရࡔࡗࡓࡢࡔࠋస⪅ࢫࢱ࣮ ᪉ࢆ㠃ⓑࡀࡿ࣏ࢵࣉ࣭࢝ࣝࢳ࣮ࣕࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞㊅ໃ㸪 ࣥࡀ㸪ᑛᩗࡍࡁᡭᮏࡋ࡚࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ྲྀࡾධࢀ ᩄឤᛂࡋࡓࡣࡎ࡞ࡢࡔࠋ ࡽࢀࡑ࠺࡞せ⣲ࢆ᥆ࡵྲྀࡿᮦᩱࡋ࡚㸪ᙜࡢὶ ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡢᩥᏛⓗ౯್ࢆ࠶ࡲ ⾜ᑠㄝࢆཧ⪃ࡋࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡣྰᐃ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡾ㧗ࡃホ౯ࡋ࡞࠸࢙࣭࢘ࣥC࣭ࣈ࣮ࢫࡶ㸪 ࠗࢺࣜ ᑠㄝྐࡢᩥ⬦࡛⪃࠼ࢀࡤ㸪ࣇ࣮ࣝࢹࣥࢢࡸ ࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࠘ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ 1750 ᖺ௦ὶ⾜ᑠㄝࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚㸪㏆௦ࣜࣜࢬ࣒ᑠㄝ ࢬ࠘ 㸪࠾ࡼࡧྠᵝ࣓ࢱࣇࢡࢩࣙࣥⓗ࡞ᑠㄝࠗࢢ ࡋ࡚ࡢ⊃࠸ពࡢࠕࣀࣦ࢙ࣝࠖᚎࠎධࡾ㎸ ࣮ࣜࣥࣛࣥࢻᑚࡢෑ㝤࠘㸦The Adventures of ࢇ࡛ࡁࡓ㸪ࢭࣝࣂࣥࢸࢫ࡞ࡢ႐ⓗ࣐ࣟࣥࢫ㸪 Captain Greenland, 1752㸧ࡢ㛵ಀࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࡇ࠺ ࠗᱩ≀ㄒ࠘࡞ࡢㅕ่సရ㸪ྠ௦ࡢᯫ✵࢟ࣕࣛ ᭩࠸࡚࠸ࡓࠋ ࢡࢱ࣮ࡼࡿ࢚ࢵࢭ࠸ࡗࡓࢪࣕࣥࣝࡢᩓᩥ ⏤᮶ࡍࡿ⮬ᕫゝཬⓗ࡞ㄒࡾཱྀࢆ㸪ᑠㄝసရࡢ୰ ࢫࢱ࣮ࣥ⮬㌟ࡀࠗࢢ࣮ࣜࣥࣛࣥࢻᑚ࠘ࢆㄞࢇ ᢡࡾΰࡐ㎸ࡴ࠸ࡗࡓ⿵ຓⓗ࡞࠸᪉࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪 ࡛࠸ࡼ࠺࠸ࡲ࠸㸪1750 ᖺ௦ࡢ✍ᑠㄝ࠾ ᩒ࠼࡚సရࡢ୰ᚰᤣ࠼㸪 ࠑㄒࡽࢀࡿࡁ≀ㄒࠒ ࠸࡚ࠕධࡍࡿస⪅ࠖࡀⓏሙࡍࡿసရࡀ⃭ቑࡋ ࠑ≀ㄒࡀㄞ⪅ㄒࡽࢀࡿሙࠒࡢᚑࢆ㏫㌿ࡉࡏ ࡓࡇࡀ㸪ᙼᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡓࡢࡣ࠸ࡼ࠺ࡶ࡞ ࡓࡇࡇࡑࡀ㸪 ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࠘ࡢ㠉 ࠸ࠋࣇ࣮ࣝࢹࣥࢢ௨㝆ࡢࡇ࠺ࡋࡓసရ⩌ࡢ ᪂ᛶࡔࡗࡓࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࠋㄒࡾᡭࡀㄒࡿヰࡢ୰㌟࡛ࡣ ࠺ࡕ㸪ࢫࢱ࣮ࣥࡀᐇ㝿▱ࡗ࡚࠸࡚ཧ⪃ࡋࡓ ࡞ࡃ㸪ㄒࡾᡭㄞ⪅ࡀㄒࡾྜ࠺⌧ሙࡢᥥࡇࡑࡀ ࡶࡢࡀࢀ࡛࠶ࡿࢆぢᴟࡵࡿࡢࡣࡶࡣࡸྍ 㠃ⓑ࠸࠸࠺ឤぬࡣ㸪ࡕࡻࡗࡋࡓࢦࢩࢵࣉࢆࢿ ⬟ࡔࡀ㸪ᑡ࡞ࡃࡶᙼࡣࡇࢀࡽࡢసရࡢ࠸ࡃࡘ 42 ෆ⏣ 㐼㐝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡣࡎࡔࠋࣇ࣮ࣝࢹࣥࢢ ࡋ࡚ฟ∧⤒㈝ࢆ㈇ᢸࡋࡓฟ∧⪅࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪㈍ ࡽࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡸࠗࢢ࣮ࣜࣥࣛ ࡢࡳࢆㄳࡅ㈇ࡗࡓⓎඖ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࣥࢻᑚ࠘ 㸦࠾ࡼࡧࡑࡢࡢከᩘࡢసရ㸧ࢆ⤒࡚ 2. ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ึ∧ࡢห⾜ᖺࡘ ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢹ࠘⮳ࡿ୍㐃ࡢὶ ࠸࡚ࡣ 1749 ᖺㄝ 1750 ᖺㄝࡀ࠶ࡿࠋThe New ࢀࡣ㸪അ↛ゝ࠺ࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ⥅⥆ᛶࡀ㧗࠸ࠋ Cambridge Bibliography of English Literature 㸦Booth, “Self-Conscious” 184㸧 (NCBEL) ࡛ࡣ 1749 ᖺึ∧㸪1750 ᖺ➨ 2 ∧ ࡀห⾜ࡉࢀࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸦Watson col. 996㸧 㸪 ࡇࡇࡲ࡛㏙࡚ࡁࡓࡼ࠺࡞ࢆ⪃៖ࡍࢀࡤ㸪 ᮏ✏࡛ࡣ᭩ホㄅ࣐ࠗࣥࢫ࣮࣭ࣦ࣮ࣜࣞࣗ࠘1750 ⚾ࡋ࡚ࡣࢫࢸ࣮ࣦ࣭ࣥࣔࡢḟࡢゝⴥ࠸ ᖺ 2 ᭶ྕࡀࠕ᭶ࡢ᪂หࠖࡋ࡚⤂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ㈶ྠࡏࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ࠋ ࠕࣇ࣮ࣝࢹࣥࢢࡢᶍೌ ࡇࢆ⪃៖ࡋ㸪1750 ᖺห⾜ㄝࢆ᥇ࡿࠋ࡞࠾ ⪅ࡓࡕࡢ୰⣮ࢀ࡚ᛀࢀཤࡽࢀ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪 NCBEL ࡣ࣮࣭࣊ࣥࣜࣇ࣮ࣝࢹࣥࢢࡢጒࢭ ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡣⓎぢࡉࢀࡿࡔ ࣭ࣛࣇ࣮ࣝࢹࣥࢢ㸦Sarah Fielding, 1710–68㸧 ࡅࡢ౯್ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࡔࠖ 㸦Moore 762㸧 ࠋ ࢆࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡢస⪅ࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿࡀ㸦Watson col. 147㸧 㸪ࡑࢀࢆࡅࡿドᣐࡀ 㴹 ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ㸪⌧ᅾࢇࡢ◊✲⪅ࡣᮏసࢆࠕస ⪅ヲࠖࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 3. ࠕཧ⪃㈨ᩱࠖࡋ࡚᪥ᮏㄒࡢヂ᭩ࢆᣲࡆࡓᩥ⊩ 1. ᮏᩥ୰࡛͆ESTC #͇グࡋࡓࡢࡣ㸪The English ࢆ㝖ࡁ㸪 ⱥㄒᩥ⊩ࡽࡢᘬ⏝ࡣࡍ࡚⚾ 㸦ෆ⏣㸧 Short Title Catalogue Citation Number ࡢࡇ࡛࠶ ࡀ⩻ヂࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᘬ⏝ᩥࡢゅᣓᘼෆࡣ⚾ ࡿࠋᮏ✏ᇳ➹㸦2015 ᖺ 11 ᭶㸧࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪 ࡼࡿ⿵㊊࡛࠶ࡿࠋ The English Short Title Catalogue (ESTC) ࢙࢘ࣈ 4. ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ࡢཎᩥ࡛ࡣ㸪Ⓩሙ ࢧࢺࡢ URL <http://estc.bl.uk/> ࡇࡢ Citation ே≀ࡸㄞ⪅ࡓࡕࡢྎモࢆ⾲ࢃࡍሙྜࡶᘬ⏝➢ Number ࢆຍࡍࡿࡇ࡛㸪ࡑࡢ∧ࡢヲ⣽࡞᭩ 㸦“ ”㸧ࡀࢃࢀ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ᮏ✏࡛ࡣㄞࡳࡸࡍࡉࢆ ㄅሗࢆᚓࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡓ࠼ࡤࠗࢩ࣮ࣕ ⪃࠼㸪ྎモࡣཎ๎ࡋ࡚ࡍ࡚㘽ᣓᘼ㸦 ࠕࠖ 㸧 ࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ึ∧㸦ESTC #: T66897㸧ࡢ ධࢀ࡚ヂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᭩ㄅሗࢆᚓࡿࡓࡵࡢ URL ࡣ <http://estc.bl.uk/ 5. ࡇࡢㄽ⪃ࡢⴭ⪅ࡣ㸪ྠ௦ࡢᑠㄝࠗࢳࣅ≟࣏ࣥ T66897> ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞࠾ᮏ✏࡛ࡣ㸪ໟᣓⓗ࡞ 18 ࣆ࣮≀ㄒ࠘ 㸦The History of Pompey the Little: or, the ୡ⣖ⱥㄒ࣭ⱥᅜห⾜≀ࡢ᭷ᩱࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫ Life and Adventures of a Lap-Dog, 1751㸧ࡢస⪅࡛ Eighteenth Century Collections Online (ECCO) ࡢ ࠶ࡗࡓࣇࣛࣥࢩࢫ࣭ࢥࣦ࢙ࣥࢺ࣮ࣜ㸦Francis ↓ᩱࢺࣛࣝᮇ㛫୰ࢲ࣮࢘ࣥࣟࢻࡋࡓึ∧ Coventry, 1725̽54㸧ࡉࢀࡿࡇࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡋ ࡢ PDF ∧ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࡀ㸪ึ∧ྠࡌ 1750 ᖺฟ ࡋࠕᑠㄝㄽ⪃ࡢ㉁ࡢᕪࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ㸪ࡇࡢస ࡓࡉࢀࡿ➨ 2 ∧㸦ESTC #: N33064㸧ࡘ࠸࡚ ⪅≉ᐃࡣࢃࡋ࠸ࠖ 㸦Battestin 53㸧࠸࠺ぢゎࡶ ࡣ㸪Google ࣈࢵࢡࢫ࡛↓ᩱ㜀ぴ࡛ࡁࡿ㸦➨ 1 ᕳ㸸 ࠶ࡾ㸪⚾ࡶࠗࢳࣅ≟࣏ࣥࣆ࣮≀ㄒ࠘ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ <http://books.google.com/books?id=0vRLAAAAcA ഔసᑠㄝࢆ᭩࠸ࡓࢥࣦ࢙ࣥࢺ࣮ࣜࡀ㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ AJ>, ➨ 2 ᕳ㸸<http://books.google.com/books?id= ࡞⛶ᣋ࡞ㄽ⪃ࢆ᭩࠸ࡓࡣಙࡌࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ࡞࠾ 7PRLAAAAcAAJ>㸧 ࠋ࡞࠾㸪 ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ ࠗࢳࣅ≟࣏ࣥࣆ࣮≀ㄒ࠘ࡢᩥᏛྐⓗ⨨࡙ࡅ ࣐࣮ࢬ࠘ ࡀస⪅ࡼࡗ࡚⮬㈝ฟ∧ࡉࢀࡓࡇࡣ㸪 ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᣋㄽࢆཧ↷ࡢࡇ㸦ෆ⏣,ࠕឡ⋵≟ࠖ 㸧 ࠋ ࢱࢺ࣮ࣝ࣌ࢪ“Printed for the AUTHOR; Sold by CORBETT, the Publisher [. . .]”グ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ ࡿࡇࡽศࡿࠋᩥ⊩ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣ᭩⡠ၟࡢ ␓偔崘㗪 ࢳ࣮ࣕࣝࢬ࣭ࢥ࣮࣋ࢵࢺ㸦Charles Corbett㸧ࢆฟ ∧⪅ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡶ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࢱࢺ࣮ࣝ࣌ࢪ ࡢグ㍕ࢆಙࡌࡿ㝈ࡾ㸪ࢥ࣮࣋ࢵࢺࡣ∧ᶒࢆಖᣢ Battestin, Martin C. A Henry Fielding Companion. Westport: Greenwood, 2000. Print. ࠗࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮ࢬࡢ≀ㄒ࠘̿̿ࠗࢺ࣒࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࠘ ࠗࢺࣜࢫࢺ࣒࣭ࣛࢩࣕࣥࢸ࠘ࢆࡘ࡞ࡄᛀࢀࡽࢀࡓᑠㄝ 43 Black, Scott. “Tristram Shandy’s Strange Loops of Garn, Rimma. “Born in Translation: Mikhail Chulkov Reading.” ELH 82.3 (2015): 869–96. Project MUSE. and Charlotte Summers.” Comparative Literature Web. 11 Nov. 2015. 63.3 (2011): 253–68. DeepDyve. Web. 31 Mar. 2013. Blackwell, Mark. “Extraordinary Narrators: Gonda, Caroline. “Sarah Scott and ‘The Sweet Excess Metafiction and It-Narratives.” The Cambridge of Paternal Love’.” Studies in English Literature, History of the English Novel. Ed. Robert L. Caserio 1500–1900 32.3 (1992): 511–35. JSTOR. Web. 9 and Clement Hawes. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, Nov. 2015. 2012. 230–45. Print. Booth, Wayne C. The Rhetoric of Fiction. 2nd ed. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1983. Print. ---. “The Self-Conscious Narrator in Comic Fiction Before Tristram Shandy.” PMLA 67 (1952): 163–85. JSTOR. Web. 28 Feb. 2013. 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