ISSN 1348-0154
Bulletin
ᵥ‫ۥ‬౪༔౫ሰᅠ
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ‒
Ⴘ‒ ‒ ഏ‒
‒
‒
ཎⴭㄽᩥ
ࢫࢱࢽࢫ࣡ࣇ࣭࣒ࣞ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ㌟య
̿▷⦅ࠕࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࠖࢆ୰ᚰ࡟̿ 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 Ⳣ ཎ ⚈
5
Kambala’s SƗdhananidhi
⃬Critical Editions of the Sanskrit and Tibetan Texts of Chapters from 4 to 7㺃㺃㺃 Tsunehiko Sugiki
19
◊✲ࣀ࣮ࢺ
࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢㄽ⌮Ꮫࡢุ᩿ㄽ࡟᪊ࡅࡿࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢᙺ๭
̿ᅜ㝿ࣂ࢝ࣟࣞ࢔ࡢ 3<3 ࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿᴫᛕࢆㄆ㆑ㄽⓗ࡟య⣔໬ࡍࡿ‽ഛ
ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ
ࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢᙺ๭࡟ὀ┠ࡋุ࡚᩿ㄽࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿ 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 ໭ ᮧ ඞ 㑻
47
ᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲ
̿ᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡢ⫱ᡂ࡟ྥࡅ࡚̿ 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃
᭹ 㒊 ୍ ᯞ
ሗ࿌࣭㈨ᩱ
75
ᑠᏛᰯ࡟࠾ࡅࡿຠᯝⓗ࡞⟶ᡴᴦჾᣦᑟἲ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⪃ᐹ
㡢ᴦᤵᴗ࡜㐃ᦠࡋࢩࢫࢸ࣒໬ࡉࢀࡓຠ⋡ⓗ⟶ᡴᴦჾᩍ⫱᪉ἲ 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 ▼ ⏣ ಟ ୍
95
ᮏᏛᏛ⏕ࡢ㌟య⤌ᡂ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ୍⪃ᐹ 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃
㧗 ᶫ ᪩ ⱑ
127
⏕ᾭᏛ⩦࡟࠾ࡅࡿḟୡ௦⫱ᡂ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࡢヨࡳ 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃
ᑎ ᮏ ጁ Ꮚ
137
ᑎ ᮏ ጁ Ꮚ
143
ึ➼୰➼ᩍ⫱࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢ㛵㐃せᅉ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ୍⪃ᐹ
㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃
Applied Linguistics: Effective Learning Pedagogical Strategies and
Edge of Civic and Citizen Education
Sociolinguistics:
Curriculum Design The Cutting
⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦
Hirona Matayoshi
155
A Linguistic Analysis of the Era of Violence in African American Spirituals, Jazz,
& Blues - Civil Action and Effective Citizenship Education through the Language War
㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃
Hirona Matayoshi
179
ࡑࡢ௚
International Exchange with Soochow University
㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 Elizabeth J. Lange
203
Victor Gorshkov
Ꮫ⾡ฟ∧࡟ࡲࡘࢃࡿㅖసᴗࡢ㟁Ꮚ໬࡟₯ࡴ㝗✶
̿◊✲ᩍ⫱⪅ࡢどⅬ࠿ࡽ༴ᶵ⟶⌮ࡢᚲせᛶࢆッ࠼ࡿ̿ 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃
209
℧ ᕝ ಟ ࿃
⩻ヂ
ࣇࣛࣥࢶ࣭ࢢࣜࣝࣃࣝࢶ࢓࣮ࠗࣁࣉࢫࣈࣝࢡᐙࡢ඗ᘵத࠸࠘ 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃
290
㜿 㒊 㞝 ୍
ཎⴭㄽᩥ
ᒸᮏ࠿ࡢᏊࠕᮾᾏ㐨஬༑୕ḟࠖ࡜ὠᓥభᏊࠕཔᏊ⋤ࠖ
̿ࠑḷᯖࠒⓗᛶ᱁ࢆどᗙ࡟̿ 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 బࠎᮌ ࡉ ࡼ
307
ᩍ⫱◊✲ᴗ⦼୍ぴ 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃
308
THE BULLETIN OF KAICHI INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY No.15
‒
Contents
Original Article
⃯Disabled Body” of the Robot: Stanisáaw Lem’s “Terminus” 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 Sho Sugawara
5
࢝ࣥࣂࣛసࠗᡂᑵἲࡢⶶᗜ࠘̿➨ 㹼 ❶ࡢࢧࣥࢫࢡࣜࢵࢺㄒ࣭ࢳ࣋ࢵࢺㄒᰯゞࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ̿
㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 ᮡᮌᜏᙪ 19
Note
⃯The role of "particular" in “The judgement theory” of “Logic” of Hegel
⃬As preparations to systematize “concepts” used in the PYP of International Baccalaureate, I will
understand “the judgement theory” by focusing on the role of "Particular”.
㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 Katsurou Kitamura
47
Japanese Language and Literature Teaching Methodology
̿A study of Nurturing Practical Teaching Abilitiesʊ 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 Kazue Hattori
75
Report
A Study on the Effective Teaching Method of
Wind and Percussion Instruments at Elementary
schools. 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 Shuichi Ishida
95
A study on the body composition of the students of Kaichi International University
㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 Sanae Takahashi
127
Psychoeducational program for promoting attitude toward nurturing the next generation in lifelong
learning course.
㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 Taeko Teramoto
137
Factors related to active learning in primary and secondary education.
㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 Taeko Teramoto
143
ᛂ⏝ゝㄒᏛ㸸ຠᯝⓗᏛ⩦࢚ࣇ࢙ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ㺃 ࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢᩍ⫱Ꮫⓗᡓ␎࡜࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛタィ
̿᭱ඛ➃ࡢᕷẸᩍ⫱࡜බẸᩍ⫱̿ 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃
ཪ ྜྷ ᘯ 㑣
155
♫఍ゝㄒᏛ㸸࢔ࣇࣜ࢝ࣥ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࣥࢫࣆࣜࢳࣕࣝࠊࢪࣕࢬ࡜ࣈ࣮ࣝࢫࡢ୰࡛ࡢࠊᭀຊ᫬௦
ࡢゝㄒศᯒ ̿ゝㄒᡓதࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࡢࢩࣅ࣭ࣝ࢔ࢡࢩࣙࣥ࡜ຠᯝⓗ࡞࢚ࣇ࢙ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈᕷẸ࡜
බẸᩍ⫱̿ 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃
ཪ ྜྷ ᘯ 㑣
179
Others
⸽ᕞ኱Ꮫ࡜ࡢᅜ㝿஺ὶ࡟㛵ࡍࡿሗ࿌
㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 ࣛࣥࢠ࢚ࣜࢨ࣋ࢫ, J ࢦࣝࢩࢥࣇ ࣅࢡࢺࣝ
203
Consideration about unexpected traps accompanying with computerization of the working process in
scholarly publication. 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 Shugo Takigawa
209
Translation
Franz Grillparzer: Ein Bruderzwist in Habsburg. Japanische Übersetzung mit einem Nachwort
㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 Yuichi Abe
290
Original Article
Kanoko Okamoto’s Fifty-Three Stages on the Tǀkaidǀ and Ynjko Tsushima’s Zushiǀ
㸫Analyzed through an Utamakura Descriptive Epithet Perspective㸫 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 Sayo Sasaki
Results of Educational Research
㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃
307
308
5
ᓌҾᅙ≝⇟⇥⇱⇟∕⇻∝−∆↚ⅹↀ↺∓∂⇩⇮↝៲˳⃬ჺዻⅦ⇬∑∅⇲⇟Ⅷ⇁ɶ࣎↚⃬
Ҿᓸᛯ૨
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌‒
⇟⇥⇱⇟∕⇻∝−∆↚ⅹↀ↺∓∂⇩⇮↝៲˳‒
⃬⃬ჺዻⅦ⇬∑∅⇲⇟Ⅷ⇁ɶ࣎↚⃬⃬‒‒
ᓌҾ‒ ᅙ‒ 1
․• ɭኔࢸҞ↝∃∞∏∙⇯⇁ˊᘙↈ↺˺ܼ⇟⇥⇱⇟∕⇻∝−∆↞⅚ᐯ៲↝˺Լ↝ɶ↖ɟᝦↆ↕ʴ
᧓↝ᛐჷ↝բ᫆⅚↗↹↾ↀྸᚐɧᏡ↙Ⅴ˂ᎍⅥ⇁Э↚ↆ↎⇙∙⇥⇕⇮↝ӧᏡࣱ↚↓ⅳ↕ᎋ‫↕ↆݑ‬
ⅼ↎˺ܼ↖ⅱ↺⅛ↂⅵↆ↎−∆↝բ᫆᧙࣎↞⅚ྵˊ↝‫ٶ‬ⅾ↝ᅈ˟‫ܖ‬ႎբ᫆⅚̊ⅷ↟ᛐჷၐधᎍ↝
⇗⇈↝ྵ‫↚↘↙ئ‬ⅹↀ↺ʼᜱᎍ⃫ᘮʼᜱᎍ↝Ⴛʝྸᚐ↝բ᫆↙↘⇁ᎋⅷ↺ᨥ↚‫ٶ‬ⅾ↝ᅆՐ⇁ɨⅷ
↕ⅾ↻↺↱↝↖ⅱ↺⅛‒
‒ ஜᆜ↞ↂⅵↆ↎ᚇໜⅺ↸⅚⇟⇥⇱⇟∕⇻∝−∆↝ჺዻⅦ⇬∑∅⇲⇟Ⅷ⇁ӕ↹ɥↁ⅚ྸᚐɧӧᏡ
↙‫⇁נ܍‬ⅤӖܾↈ↺Ⅵ↗ⅳⅵↂ↗↝ӧᏡࣱ↚↓ⅳ↕ᎋⅷ↺⅛
Ⅶ⇬∑∅⇲⇟Ⅷ↚ⅹⅳ↕ཎࣉႎ↙↝↞⅚
↌ↂ↚ႇ‫↺ↈئ‬∓∂⇩⇮ⅻ↭↺↖ᎊᘛↆ↎⅚ᛐჷၐ⇁ध→↎ᎊʴ↖ⅱ↺ⅺ↝↷ⅵ↚੨ⅺ↻↕ⅳ↺
↗ⅳⅵↂ↗↖ⅱ↹⅚ɼʴπ↖ⅱ↺⇺∑⇕⇟↞⅚↌ⅵↆ↎∓∂⇩⇮↝Ⅴ↭↭↙↸↙ⅳⅥ៲˳↚‫ↆݣ‬
↕˴↸ⅺ↝ࣖሉ⇁˷Β↙ⅾↄ↻↺⅛ஜᆜ↞⅚ↂⅵↆ↎−∆˺Լ↚ⅹↀ↺ɧᐯဌ↙˂ᎍ↝៲˳⇁Э
↚ↆ↎ʴ᧓↝ᝧ˓⃫ࣖሉӧᏡࣱ↚↓ⅳ↕ᎋⅷ↺ↂ↗↖⅚ʼᜱ↚ϋ‫ࠎ↺ↈנ‬ஓ↗‫׉‬ᩊ⇁ਦઇↈ↺⅛‒
äääääääääääääääääääää‒ ⇓∞∕∞⇯‒ ääääääääääääääääääää
⇟⇥⇱⇟∕⇻∝−∆‒ Ⅶ⇬∑∅⇲⇟Ⅷ‒ ⁅‸‒ ‒ ᛐჷၐ‒ ‒ ∓∂⇩⇮‒
㸯㸬ࡣࡌࡵ࡟ࠗᏱᐂ㣕⾜ኈࣆࣝࢡࢫ≀ㄒ࠘
࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕᨾ㞀ࡋࡓᶵᲔࠖ
ࡣᚎࠎ࡟ே㛫ࡢㄆ㆑ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࡑࡢࡶࡢࢆၥ࠺ࡼ
20 ୡ⣖ࡢ࣏࣮ࣛࣥࢻࢆ௦⾲ࡍࡿసᐙࡢ 1 ே࡛࠶
ࡅࠗࣆࣝࢡࢫ࠘࡟࠾࠸࡚⯆࿡῝࠸ࡢࡣࠊࡑࡢ୰ࡢ
ࡿࢫࢱࢽࢫ࣡ࣇ࣭࣒ࣞࡢࠗᏱᐂ㣕⾜ኈࣆࣝࢡࢫ≀
ከࡃࡢసရࡀࠊࠕᶵᲔࠖ࡜ࠕே㛫ࠖࡢ㛵ಀᛶࢆ୺
ㄒ࠘
㸦௨ୗࠗࣆࣝࢡࢫ࠘࡜␎グ㸧(1)ࡣࠊࡑࡢࢱ࢖ࢺ
㢟࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡔࠋ
ࣝࡀ♧ࡍ㏻ࡾࠊᏱᐂ㣕⾜ࣃ࢖ࣟࢵࢺࡢࣆࣝࢡࢫࢆ
SF సᐙ࣒ࣞࡢ୰ᚰⓗ࡞୺㢟ࡀࠊࠗࢯࣛࣜࢫ࠘
୺ேබ࡜ࡋࡓ 10 ࡢ୰▷⦅࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿ㐃స▷⦅㞟࡛
Solaris㸦1961㸧ࠗኳࡢኌ࠘Gãos Pana㸦1968㸧࡞
࠶ࡿࠋ୺ேබ࡛࠶ࡿࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣⱝ࠸カ⦎⏕࠿ࡽࢫ
࡝ࡢ࠸ࢃࡺࡿࠕࢥࣥࢱࢡࢺࠖࢆࢸ࣮࣐࡜ࡋࡓసရ
ࢱ࣮ࢺࡋࠊࡸࡀ࡚࿘ᅖ࠿ࡽᑛᩗࢆ㞟ࡵࡿ࣋ࢸࣛࣥ
ࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊே㛫ࡢㄆ㆑ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࡑࡢࡶࡢࠊ࡜
ࣃ࢖ࣟࢵࢺ࡬࡜ᡂ㛗ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡑࢀ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊᙼ
ࡾࢃࡅࠊே㛫࡜ࡣ᰿ᮏⓗ࡟␗㉁࡞ࠕ௚⪅ࠖ࡟┦ᑐ
ࡀసရෆ࡛㐼㐝ࡍࡿ஦௳ࡶ」㞧ࡉࢆቑࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ
ࡋࡓ᫬ࡢே㛫ࡢㄆ㆑ຊࡸ೔⌮ࡢ㝈⏺ࢆᥥࡁฟࡍ
࣮ࣘࣔ࢔࡜࢘࢕ࢵࢺ࡟‶ࡕࡓᏱᐂෑ㝤㆓ࠊ࡜࠸࠺
ࡇ࡜࡟࠶ࡗࡓࠊ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊᡃࡀᅜࡢ SF ㄽቭ࡟
Ⰽᙬࡢᙉ࠸᭱ึࡢᩘ⠍ࢆ⤒ࡓᚋࠊࡑࡢᚋࡢసရ࡛
࠾࠸࡚ࡶࡇࢀࡲ࡛ᐃ␒ࡢ࣒ࣞཷᐜࡢࡉࢀ᪉࡛࠶
‒
‒
․•‣‧ ࠰ ‫ ‫‬உ ․‥ ଐӖྸ‒
⃯Disabled Body” of the Robot: Stanisáaw Lem’s “Terminus”.
“‣‒⁅⁚⁡‒⁅⁧⁙⁓⁩⁓⁤⁓‒
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖ⇪∞⇈∑∏⇿∐ܖٻ‬ᢿ‒
࠺࡞ࢩࣜ࢔ࢫ࡞⪃ᐹࡀ୰ᚰ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ࡜ࡾࢃ
ࡗࡓࡋ(2)ࠊࡲࡓ኱ࡁ࡞␗ㄽࡣ࡞࠸࡜ᛮ࠺ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋ
ࡓ⌮ゎࡢᘏ㛗⥺ୖ࡛ゝ࠼ࡤࠊࠗࣆࣝࢡࢫ࡛࠘ࡣࣟ
࣎ࢵࢺࡸ AIࠊࡑࡋ࡚ᗈ࠸ព࿡࡛ࡢࠕᶵᲔࠖ඲⯡
6
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
ࡀࡑࡢࠕ௚⪅ࠖ࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ᤣ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚
ᮏ᮶ྜ⌮ⓗ࡛ࠊே㛫࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࠕ㏱᫂ࠖ࡞Ꮡᅾ࡛࠶
࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࡛ࡁࡼ࠺ࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊே㛫࠿ࡽ
ࡿࡣࡎࡢᶵᲔࡣࠊ㏫ㄝⓗ࡟ࡶࡑࡢᮏ᮶ࡢάື࠿ࡽ
ࡣ⌮ゎ୙⬟࡞ࠕ௚⪅ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛ゝ࠼ࡤࠊࣟ࣎
ࡣእࢀࡓࠕᨾ㞀ࠖࡸࠕືస୙඲ࠖࡢ▐㛫࡟࠾࠸࡚
ࢵࢺࡸᶵᲔ࡜࠸࠺Ꮡᅾࡣᑡࠎ≉Ṧࡔࠋ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡶࠊ
ࡇࡑࠊ࠶ࡿព࿡࡛ࡑࡢ┿ࡢ␗㉁ᛶࠊே㛫࡟࡜ࡗ࡚
ே㛫ⓗ࡞ᛮ⪃࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣ᏶඲࡟⌮ゎ୙⬟࡞ࠗࢯࣛ
ࡢ୙㏱᫂ᛶࢆ㟢ࢃ࡟ࡍࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࢃࢀࢃࢀே㛫ࡣࠊ
ࣜࢫ࠘ࡢࠕᾏࠖࡸࠊࡑࡶࡑࡶ࡝ࢇ࡞Ꮡᅾࡀ㏦ࡗ࡚
ࡑࢀࡽࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡀே㛫ⓗ࡞ᛮ⪃࠿ࡽࡣ᰿ᮏⓗ࡟
ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ࡍࡽࢃ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸ࠗኳࡢኌ࠘ࡢࠕ࣓ࢵ
␗㉁࡞ࠕ௚⪅࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ㔜ࠎㄆ㆑ࡋࡘ
ࢭ࣮ࢪࠖ࡞࡝࡜ࡣ㐪ࡗ࡚ࠊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡸ AIࠊᶵᲔ
ࡘࡶࠊ࡞࠾ࡑࡇ࡟ே㛫୰ᚰ୺⩏ⓗ࡞㢪ᮃࡸ೫ぢࠊ
࡞࡝ࡣே㛫ࡀ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢ᫂ᛌ࡞ពᅗࢆᣢࡗ࡚ࠊ⮬
ࡑࡋ࡚᫬࡟ࡣࠕඹឤࠖࡸࠕྠ᝟ࠖࢆࡍࡽᢪ࠸࡚ࡋ
ศࡓࡕࡢᙺ࡟❧ࡘࡼ࠺࡟సࡗࡓࠊ᏶඲࡟ྜ⌮ⓗ࣭
ࡲ࠺⏕ࡁ≀࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ㄽ⌮ⓗ࡞Ꮡᅾࡔ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ
ࠗࣆࣝࢡࢫ࡛࠘≉࡟ၥ㢟࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸
࡜ࡇࢁࡀࠊ
ࠗࣆࣝࢡࢫ࠘཰㘓ࡢྛసရࢆㄞࢇ࡛࠸
ࡿࡢࡣࠊᶵᲔࡸࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡜࠸ࡗࡓே㛫࡟࡜ࡗ࡚
ࡿ࡜ࠊࡑࢀࡽᮏ᮶ⓗ࡟ࡣࣄ࣮࣐ࣗࣥࣇࣞࣥࢻ࣮ࣜ
ࠕ㏆ࡋ࠸ࠖࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽࡶྠ᫬࡟ࠕ␗㉁ࠖ࡞
࡛ࠊ⌮ゎྍ⬟࡞ࡣࡎࡢᶵᲔࡸࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ㐩ࡀࠊᛴ࡟
Ꮡᅾࢆ࠸ࢃࡤ㙾࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡇ࠿ࡽࠕே㛫ࠖ࡜࠸࠺
ࡑࡢᏑᅾࡢ୙㏱᫂ᛶࢆ㟢ࢃ࡟ࡋࠊࡑࢀࡲ࡛ே㛫ࡀ
ࡶࡢࢆ㏫↷ᑕࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ヨࡳ࡟௚࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡜࠸
ぶࡋࢇ࡛࠸ࡓࡢ࡜ࡣ඲ࡃ␗㉁࡞┦ㇺࢆぢࡏࡿ▐
࠼ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋᐇ㝿ࠊᩥⱁᢈホᐙࡢ࣐࢘ࢦࢪࣕࢱ࣭
㛫ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ᮏసရ㞟࡛ࡣࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ▐㛫ࡣࠊ
ࢩࣗࣃࢥࣇࢫ࢝ࡣࠊࠗࣆࣝࢡࢫ࠘࡞࡝ࡢ࣒ࣞࡀࣟ
ከࡃࡢሙྜᶵᲔࡸࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢఱࡽ࠿ࡢࠕ୙ලྜࠖ
࣎ࢵࢺࢆᢅࡗࡓ୍㐃ࡢసရࢆࠊ࣒ࣞࡢ୍㐃ࡢホㄽ
ࡸࠕᨾ㞀ࠖ
ࠊ
ࠕືస୙඲ࠖ࡜ᙉࡃ㛵ࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺
࡟࠾ࡅࡿே㛫ࡢࠕ⬻ࠖࢆࡵࡄࡿ⪃ᐹࡢᘏ㛗⥺ୖ࡟
ࡔࠋ
ࠗࣃࢺ࣮ࣟࣝ࠘“Patrol”ࡸࠗ᮲௳཯ᑕ࠘“Odruch
఩⨨௜ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࣒ࣞࡢ୍㐃ࡢホㄽࡢ୺ᙇ࡟ࡼࢀ
warunkowy”࡛ࡣࠊ᥈▱ᶵᲔࡢࣂࢢ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࢫࢡ
ࡤࠊࠕᶵᲔࠖࡣࠕព㆑ࠖࢆᣢࡕᚓ࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࡑ
࣮ࣜࣥୖ࡟⌧ࢀࡓ㸦ࡑࢀ⮬యࡣᮏ᮶ఱࡢព࿡ࡶ࡞
ࢀ࡛ࡶࠊࠕ⪃࠼ࡿᶵᲔࠖࢆ୍✀ࡢᛮ⪃ᐇ㦂࡜ࡋ࡚
࠸㸧ගⅬ࡟ࠊே㛫ࡢഃࡀ຾ᡭ࡟ఱࡽ࠿ࡢព࿡ࢆぢ
ࣇ࢕ࢡࢩࣙࣥࡢ୰࡛ᣢࡕฟࡍࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࢃࢀ
ฟࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡉࢀࡿ஦௳
ࢃࢀࡣே㛫ᛶࡢᮏ㉁࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞どⅬࢆᡭ
ࡀᥥ࠿ࢀࡿࠋே㛫ࡢ⬟ຊ࣭▱ຊࢆࡣࡿ࠿࡟ୖᅇࡿ
࡟ධࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ (3) ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ၥࢃࢀࡿࡢࡣ
⬟ຊࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࠗᑂၥ࠘“Rozprawa”ࡢ࢔ࣥࢻࣟ࢖
ࠕே㛫ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᛮ⪃ࢆ⾜࠺ᶵᲔࡣ〇సྍ⬟࠿ࠖ࡜
ࢻࠊࣂ࣮ࣥࢬࡀ᭱ᚋ࡟⮬ࡽ቎✰ࢆ᥀ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢ
࠸ࡗࡓ⪃ᐹ࡛ࡣࡶࡣࡸ࡞ࡃ㸦࣒ࣞࡢ⪃ᐹ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ
ࡣࠊྜ⌮ⓗᛮ⪃ࢆ⾜࠺࢔ࣥࢻࣟ࢖ࢻ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣ඲
ࡑࢀࡣ୙ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸧ࠊ
ࠕᶵᲔࠖࡀᣢࡕ࠺ࡿ࡜㸦ࣇ
ࡃ⌮ゎ୙⬟࡞ࣆࣝࢡࢫࡢே㛫ⓗ࡞ࠕࡓࡵࡽ࠸ࠖ࡟
࢕ࢡࢩࣙࣥୖ࡛㸧᝿ᐃࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࠕព㆑ࠖࢆே
ࣂ࣮ࣥࢬࡀ࠺ࡲࡃᑐฎ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࠿ࡽࡔࡗࡓࠋ
㛫ࡢព㆑࡜ᑐẚࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ᚋ⪅
ࠗ㐠࿨ࡢዪ⚄࠘“Ananke”ࡢᏱᐂ⯪⮬ື᧯⦪ࢥࣥ
ࡢ≉␗ᛶࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ヨࡳ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ
ࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࣮ࡀ␗ᖖືసࢆ㉳ࡇࡋࡓࡢࡣࠊࡑࡢࢥࣥ
(4)ࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊ࣏࣮ࣛࣥࢻᩥᏛ◊✲⪅ࡢ
ࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࣮ࢆࠕㄪᩍࠖࡋࡓࣃ࢖ࣟࢵࢺࡢᙉ㏕⚄⤒
ࣈࢫ࢟ࡢᣦ᦬࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊࣆࣝࢡࢫࡀከࡃࡢ஦௳ࢆ
⑕ࡀࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࣮࡟ࡼࡗ࡚᏶⎍࡟ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞ
ゎỴ࡟ᑟࡃ࡜ࡁ࡟ά㌍ࡍࡿࡢࡣࠊ⛉Ꮫ⪅࡛ࡣ࡞࠸
ࢺࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊࠗ஦ᨾ࠘
ࠕᬑ㏻ࡢே㛫࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࣆࣝࢡࢫࡢᛮ⪃ࡀ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸
“Wypadek” ࡸࠗ⊁ࡾ࠘“Polowanie”࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ
ࡿ㠀ㄽ⌮ᛶࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠕᮏ⬟ࠖ࡜࡛ࡶ࿧ࡪ࡭ࡁࡶ
ᨾ㞀࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᭀ㉮࣭␗ᖖືసࢆ㉳ࡇࡋࡓࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ
ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㏆௦⛉Ꮫࡢྜ⌮ⓗ࣭ศᯒᛮ⪃࡟ࡼࡗ࡚
࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ୺ேබࣆࣝࢡࢫࡀ୍✀ࡢࠕඹឤࠖࡸࠕ㐨
≉ᚩ௜ࡅࡽࢀࡓᑓ㛛ᐙ▱㆑ࡸࡑࡇ࠿ࡽ⏕ࡳฟࡉ
ᚨⓗ࡞㈇࠸┠ࠖࡍࡽឤࡌ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ
ࢀࡓྜ⌮ⓗ࡞ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࣮ࡢᛮ⪃࡜ࡣ㐪࠸ࠊே
J.ࣖࢪ࢙ࣥ
7
ᓌҾᅙ≝⇟⇥⇱⇟∕⇻∝−∆↚ⅹↀ↺∓∂⇩⇮↝៲˳⃬ჺዻⅦ⇬∑∅⇲⇟Ⅷ⇁ɶ࣎↚⃬
㛫ࡢᛮ⪃ࡣࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓྜ⌮ⓗ࣭ศᯒⓗ࡞ᡭ⥆ࡁࢆ
ࡑࠊ࣒ࣞࡀ࠿ࡘ࡚ࡑࡢసရ࡛ၥ࠺ࡓࡼ࠺࡞ே㛫ࡢ
㣕ࡧ㉺࠼ࠊ⮬ࡽࡢࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞グ᠈ࡸ㐃᝿࣭㢪ᮃࢆ
ࠕ⮬ᡃࠖࡸࠕព㆑ࠖ
ࠊ
ࠕ୺యᛶࠖ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡀ᪥ࠎ
ࡶ࡜࡟୍ぢࡤࡽࡤࡽࡢ஦㇟ࢆࡘ࡞ࡂ࠶ࢃࡏࠊ┤ឤ
ၥ㢟໬ࡉࢀၥ࠸┤ࡉࢀࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿ࠿ࡽࡔࠋ
ⓗ࡞ᛮ⪃ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ୡ⏺ࢆㄆ㆑ࡍࡿࡇ
ࡶࡗ࡜ࡶࠊᚋ࡟ぢ࡚࠸ࡃࡼ࠺࡟ᮏసࠗࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ࠘
࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࠗᑂุ࠘ࡢ୰࡛ࣆࣝࢡࢫ⮬㌟ࡀ㏙࡭
ࡣࠊ┤᥋ⓗ࣭⾲㠃ⓗ࡟ࡣ≉࡟௓ㆤࢆᥥ࠸ࡓࡶࡢ࡛
࡚࠸ࡿゝ࠸ᅇࡋ࡟ᚑ࠺࡞ࡽࡤࠊே㛫࡜࢔ࣥࢻࣟ࢖
࠶ࡿ࡜ࡣゝ࠼࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ⚾ぢ࡛ࡣࠊ࣒ࣞࡢసရ
ࢻࢆศࡅࡿࡢࡣࠊே㛫ࡢࠕ୙᏶඲ࡉ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠕḞ
ࡀᥦ㉳ࡍࡿࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ၥ㢟㛵ᚰࡣࠊ㏆ᖺࡢ௓ㆤࠊ
㝗ࠖ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚㏫ㄝⓗ࡟ࡶࠊࡑࢀࡇࡑࡀ
࡜ࡾࢃࡅࠕㄆ▱⑕௓ㆤࠖࢆࡵࡄࡿ࢔ࢡࢳࣗ࢔ࣝ࡞
ே㛫ࢆே㛫ࡓࡽࡋࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࠊே㛫࡟⛉Ꮫⓗ࣭
㆟ㄽ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ከࡃࡢ♧၀ࢆ୚࠼࡚ࡃࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶
ྜ⌮ⓗᡭ⥆ࡁ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿㄆ㆑ຊࢆ୚࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡶ
ࡿࠋ
ࡢ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ(5)ࠋ
౛࠼ࡤࠊ௓ㆤࡢᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚㏆ᖺࡲࡍࡲࡍ኱ࡁ࡞
ẚ㔜ࢆ༨ࡵࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࡢࡣࠊ࠸ࢃࡺࡿ࢔ࣝࢶࣁ࢖࣐
㸰㸬
ࠕࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡜௓ㆤࠖ࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟⣔
࣮⑕࡞࡝ࡢㄆ▱⑕ࢆᝈࡗࡓ㧗㱋⪅ࡢ௓ㆤ࡛࠶ࡿ
ࡀࠊࡇࢀࡽㄆ▱⑕ᝈ⪅ࡣࠊᚑ᮶ࡢ⛉Ꮫⓗ࣭ᑓ㛛ⓗ
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ
ࠗࣆࣝࢡࢫ࠘࡜࠸࠺సရ㞟ࡣࠊ࣒ࣞ
ࡢ௚ࡢ௦⾲స࡜ࡶඹ㏻ࡍࡿே㛫ࡢㄆ㆑ࡢၥ㢟ࢆ
ᢅ࠸࡞ࡀࡽࡶࠊࡑࢀࢆே㛫࡟࡜ࡗ࡚␗㉁࡛࠶ࡿ࡜
ྠ᫬࡟㏆ࡋ࠸Ꮡᅾ࡛࠶ࡿࠕࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࠖ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶ
ࡢ୰࡛ᥥࡁฟࡍࡇ࡜࡛ࠊࠕே㛫ᛶࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡢ
ᮏ㉁࡜㝈⏺ࢆၥ࠸┤ࡍࡇ࡜ࢆ୺║࡜ࡋࡓసရ㞟
࡜ࡋ࡚୺࡟ホ౯ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࠗࣆࣝࢡࢫ࠘࡟㛵ࡍ
ࡿࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ㄽⅬࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡓ࠺࠼࡛ࠊᮏ✏࡛ࡣ
ࠗࣆࣝࢡࢫ࠘ࡢ୰ࡢ 1 ⦅࡛࠶ࡿࠗࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ࠘
“Terminus”ࢆ㞟୰ⓗ࡟ㄽࡌࡓ࠸ࠋୖ࡛⤂௓ࡋࡓ௚
ࡢㅖ▷⦅࡜ྠᵝࠊࡇࡢࠗࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ࠘ࡶࡲࡓࠊࣟ
࣎ࢵࢺࡢືస୙඲࡜ࡑࢀࢆ๓࡟ࡋࡓே㛫ࡢㄆ㆑
ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉࡟㛵ࡍࡿ≀ㄒ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡔࡀࠊࡇࡇ࡛࠶࠼
࡚ࡇࡢ▷⦅࡟≉࡟╔┠ࡍࡿ⌮⏤ࡣࡑࢀࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ
࡞࠸ࠋ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡶࡇࡢసရ࡛ࡣࠊୖ࡟㏙࡭ࡓࣟ࣎
ࢵࢺࡢࠕᶵ⬟୙඲ࠖࡀࠊࡲࡿ࡛ࡑࢀࡀ௓ㆤࢆᚲせ
࡜ࡍࡿ⪁ேࡢ㌟య࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠊ㦫ࡃ࡯࡝
⏕ࠎࡋ࠸㌟యᛶ࡜ඹ࡟❧ࡕ⌧ࢀ࡚ࡃࡿࡉࡲࡀㄞ
ࡳྲྀࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢసရ࡟ゐⓎࡉࢀࡿᙧ࡛ࠊ
ᮏ✏ࡣ≉࡟ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ࣒ࣞసရࡢㄞゎࡢ୰࡛ࡣ
㸦⟶ぢ࡛ࡣ㸧඲ࡃゝཬࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠕ௓
ㆤࠖࡸࠕࢣ࢔ࠖ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࢸ࣮࣐ࡢࡶ࡜࡛ࡢ࣒ࣞస
ရࡢㄞࡳ┤ࡋࢆヨࡳࡓ࠸ࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ⌧௦♫఍࡟࠾
࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡲࡉ࡟ࡇࢀࡽࡢ㌟㏆࡛࠶ࡾ࠿ࡘࡲࡍࡲࡍ
ࡑࡢ㔜せࡉࢆቑࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡞㡿ᇦ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡇ
࡞་Ꮫ▱㆑ࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽࡣ⬻ᶵ⬟࡟㞀ᐖࢆ᮶ࡋࡓ
ࠕ⑓ே࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡺ࠼ྜ⌮ⓗ࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮
ࢩࣙࣥࡀ୙ྍ⬟࡞ࠕ௚⪅ࠖ࡟௚࡞ࡽ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡋ
࠿ࡋ஭ཱྀ㧗ᚿ࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊ㏆ᖺࡢㄆ▱⑕௓ㆤࡢ⌧ሙ
࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࠕ⑌⑓ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ㄆ▱⑕ࢆᤊ
࠼ࡿࠕ⑌⑓ࣔࢹࣝࠖ࠿ࡽࠊㄆ▱⑕ᝈ⪅࡜ࡢࢥ࣑ࣗ
ࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ㔜どࡍࡿࠕ㛵ಀࣔࢹࣝࠖ࡬ࡢ㌿᥮
ࡀᅗࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࠋ⑌⑓ࣔࢹࣝ࡜ࡣ㏫࡟ࠕ㛵
ಀࣔࢹࣝࠖࡢࡶ࡜࡛ࡣㄆ▱⑕ᝈ⪅ࡣ୍ᐃࡢ୺యᛶ
ࢆᣢࡗࡓᏑᅾࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥྍ⬟࡞௚⪅࡜
ࡉࢀࠊࡑࢀࡺ࠼ㄆ▱⑕ࡢ⑕≧ࡢⓎ⌧ࡸኚ໬ࡶࡲࡓ
࿘ᅖࡢ⎔ቃࡸே㛫࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࣭ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ
ࡢ୰࡛㉳ࡇࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡉࢀࡿ
(6)
ࠋ
ࡋ࠿ࡋ㔜せ࡞ࡢࡣࠊ௓ㆤ⪅ࡢഃ࠿ࡽࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟
ࡋ࡚๓ᥦ࡜ࡉࢀࡓ⿕௓ㆤ⪅ࡢࠕࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙ
ࣥྍ⬟ᛶࠖࠕ⌮ゎྍ⬟ᛶࠖ࡜ࡣࠊ࠶ࡃࡲ୍࡛✀ࡢ
ᨃไࠊࣇ࢕ࢡࢩࣙࣥ࡟㐣ࡂ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
௓ㆤ⪅ࡣࠊ⿕௓ㆤ⪅ࡢࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ࠕၥ㢟⾜ືࠖࡸ
ࡑࡢኚ໬࠿ࡽࠊࡑࢀࡀఱࢆព࿡ࡍࡿࡢ࠿ࠊࡑࡇ࡟
⿕௓ㆤ⪅ࡢ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᛮ⪃ࡸ୺యᛶࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ
ࡢ࠿ࢆㄞࡳゎࡇ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࡀࠊࡑࢀࡣ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛௓ㆤ
⪅࡟ࡼࡿ୍᪉ⓗ࡞ゎ㔘࣭᥎ ࡟ࡍࡂ࡞࠸ࠋ࡟ࡶ࠿
࠿ࢃࡽࡎࡑࡇ࡛௓ㆤ⪅ࡀ⿕௓ㆤ⪅࡜ࡢ㛫࡟ࠕ⌮ゎ
ྍ⬟ᛶࠖࢆᢸಖ࡛ࡁࡿࡢࡣࠊࡑࡇ࡟ྜ⌮ⓗ࡛㏱᫂
࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡜ࡣูࡢᙧࡢࠊ࠸ࢃࡤ㠀ྜ
8
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
⌮ⓗ࡛┤ឤⓗ࡞ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ᪥ᖖ▱ⓗ࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ
ࡀẼ࡟࠿࠿ࡾጞࡵࡿࠋ
࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢᅇ㊰ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤ⩝
ࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡀ᭱ึ࡟ࣆࣝࢡࢫࡢ๓࡟ጼࢆ⌧ࡍ
࿴⨾ࡀ⮬ࡽࡢࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻ࣮࣡ࢡ࡟࠾ࡅࡿヲ⣽࡞
᫬ࠊࡲࡎ༳㇟࡟ṧࡿࡢࡣᙼࡢወጁ࡞ࠕே㛫⮯ࡉࠖ
ほᐹ࠿ࡽㄽࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ
࡛࠶ࡿࠋᏱᐂ⯪ࡢ࡞࠿࡟ࡲࡂࢀࡇࢇࡔ㯮⊧ࡣఱᨾ
࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡣࠕ᪥ᖖ⏕άୡ⏺ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࣇ࢕ࢡࢩࣙࣥ
࠿ࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ࡟ࡼࡃ᠜ࡁࠊᙼࡢ⫪࡟Ⓩࡗ࡚ᗙࡗࡓ
ࢆ௓ㆤ⪅࡜⿕௓ㆤ⪅࡜ࡢ㛫࡛⤯࠼ࡎᵓ⠏ࡋ⥆ࡅ
ࡾࡍࡽࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ᙜࡢࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ⮬㌟ࡣ࡜
ࡿࡼ࠺࡞᪥ᖖⓗ࡞ᐇ㊶ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚㐩ᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
࠸࠼ࡤࠊࡑࡢࡋࡄࡉࡸ୍ᣲᡭ୍ᢞ㊊ࡣࠊࡲࡿ࡛⪄
ሙྜࡶ࠶ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸(7)ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊㄆ▱⑕
◿ࡋࠊయࡢ⮬⏤ࡀࡁ࠿࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓ⪁ே࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡢ
௓ㆤࢆࡵࡄࡿ㆟ㄽࡣࠊᑓ㛛ᐙⓗ࣭་Ꮫⓗ▱ࡢࣃࣛ
ࡼ࠺࡟ᥥ෗ࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࢲ࢖࣒࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠕ⌮ゎ୙⬟ࠖ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞௚
⪅ࢆࠊࡑࢀ࡛ࡶᡃࠎࡀ࡝࠺࠸࠺ࢃࡅ࠿ࠕ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁ
ࠕࡑࡇ࡟࠸ࡿࡢࡣㄡ࡛ࡍ࠿ࠖṍࢇࡔࠊࡲࡿ࡛
࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠖࡢࡣఱᨾ࡞ࡢ࠿ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ௬࡟⌮ゎ࡛
㕲ࡢࣃ࢖ࣉ࠿ࡽฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ኌࡀゝ
ࡁ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶ┦ᡭࡢᏑᅾࢆཷᐜࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺⤒㦂ࡣ
ࡗࡓࠋ
ࠕࡇࡕࡽࡣࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡕࡽࡣㄡ
࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚ྍ⬟࡞ࡢ࠿ࠊ࡜࠸࠺ࠊࡲࡉ࡟࣒ࣞ
࡛ࡍ࠿ࠖ
ࡀࡑࡢసရ࡟࠾࠸࡚ၥ࠺࡚ࡁࡓࡼ࠺࡞ၥ㢟⣔࡜
ࠕࡑࡇ࡛ఱࢆࡋ࡚ࡿࢇࡔࠖࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣᑜࡡࡓࠋ
᥋⥆ࡋ࡚ࡃࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࠕࡇࡕࡽࢸ̺࣑ࣝࢾࢫ̿⚾ࡣ̿ᐮ̺࠸̿ࡼࡃ
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ほⅬ࠿ࡽࠊᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠗࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ࠘
̿ぢ࠼࡞࠸ࠖࡋࡷࡀࢀኌࡀࡘࡗ࠿࠼ࡘࡗ࠿࠼
ࢆࠊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࠕᨾ㞀ࡋࡓ㌟యࠖࢆࡵࡄࡿ௓ㆤࡢ
ゝࡗࡓࠋ
ྍ⬟ᛶࢆᥥ࠸ࡓࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ㄞࡳ࡞࠾ࡍࡇ࡜ࢆヨ
ࠕཎᏊ⅔ࢆぢᙇࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿㸽ࠖࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣ
ࡳࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࠕ୙⮬⏤࡞ࠖ㌟
ᑜࡡࡓࠋᙼࡣࠊ⯪඲య࡜ྠᵝ࡟ࡘࡂࡣࡂࡔࡽ
యࡀࠊே㛫࡛࠶ࡿࣆࣝࢡࢫ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚↓どࡍࡿࡇ࡜
ࡅࡢࡇࡢ࣮࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺࣥ࠿ࡽఱ࠿ࢆ⪺ࡁฟࡏࡿ
ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞ᅽಽⓗ࡞Ꮡᅾឤ࡜ᙉไຊࢆᣢ
࡜ࡣࡶ࠺ᮇᚅࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀࠊࡑࢀ࡛ࡶ࡝
ࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚❧ࡕ⌧ࢀࡿࠋᮏ᮶ࠊ↓ᶵⓗ࡛ឤ᝟
࠺࠸࠺ࢃࡅ࠿⊧ࡢ⥳Ⰽࡢ཮╎ࢆ๓࡟ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ
୰❧ⓗ࡞ࠕྜ⌮ⓗ㌟యࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ືసࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮇ
ゝⴥࢆ༙ศࡋ࠿ゝࢃࡎ࡟❧ࡕཤࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ
ᚅࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡀࠊ࡞ࡐᨾ㞀ࡢ㝿࡟ࡇࢀ࡯
࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
࡝ࡲ࡛ࡢ⏕ࠎࡋ࠸㌟యᛶࢆᣢࡗ࡚ே㛫ࡢ║๓࡟
ࠕࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ̿ཎᏊ⅔ࢆࠖࢥࣥࢡ࣮ࣜࢺ࡟ᅖ
㏕ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊே㛫ࡣࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ
ࡲࢀࡓዟ࠿ࡽࡃࡄࡶࡗࡓኌࡀ⪺ࡇ࠼ࡓࠋ
ࠕ⚾̿
ࠊ
ཎᏊ⅔ࢆࠋཎᏊ⅔ࢆࠖ࡜ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡣࡲࡿ࡛࠺
ࠊࠊࠊ
ࡍࡢࢁࡢࡼ࠺࡞‶㊊ࡆ࡞ኌ࡛⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋࡓࠋ
ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࠕࡲࡲ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠖ㌟య࠿ࡽ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞
࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࢆཷࡅྲྀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ
㸦͐͐㸧
㸱 ࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡢࠕࡲࡲ࡞ࡽࡠ㌟యࠖࡢ
ࠕࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ㸟ࠖࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣࠊࡲࡿ࡛ࡕࡻ࠺
࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪᛶ
࡝⪥ࡢ㐲࠸ே࡟ヰࡋ࠿ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ྉ
ࠗࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ࠘ࡣࠊ୺ேබࣆࣝࢡࢫࡀ㦵ⴷရᑍ
๓ࡢ࢜ࣥ࣎ࣟᏱᐂ⯪ࠕ㟷࠸ᫍࠖࡢ⯪㛗࡜ࡋ࡚ึฟ
 ࡍࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ࠿ࡽጞࡲࡿࠋࡇࡢ⯪ࡢ୰࡛ࣆࣝࢡࢫ
ࡣࠊ⯪ࡢ௜ᒓရ࡛࠶ࡿ࢜ࣥ࣎ࣟࡢࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࠊࢸࣝ
࣑ࢾࢫ࡜ฟ఍࠺ࠋࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡢ࣎ࣟࡉຍῶ࡟㎢᫆
࡜ࡋࡘࡘࡶࠊࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣᚎࠎ࡟ࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡢࡇ࡜
ࢇࡔࠋ
ࠕᣢࡕሙ࡟ᡠࡿࢇࡔ㸟ࠖ
ࠕࢃ࠿ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࢸ̺࣑ࣝࢾࢫࠖ(8)
ࡇࡇ࡛ࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣࠊࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ࡟ヰࡋ࠿ࡅࡿࡢ
ࡀ↓㥏࡞ࡇ࡜ࡔ࡜▱ࡾࡘࡘࡶࠊఱᨾ࠿ᙼ࡟ࠊࡋ࠿
ࡶࡲࡿ࡛ࠕ⪥ࡢ㐲࠸ே࡟ヰࡋ࠿ࡅࡿ࠿ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠖ
ヰࡋ࠿ࡅࡿࡢࢆࡸࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ
ᓌҾᅙ≝⇟⇥⇱⇟∕⇻∝−∆↚ⅹↀ↺∓∂⇩⇮↝៲˳⃬ჺዻⅦ⇬∑∅⇲⇟Ⅷ⇁ɶ࣎↚⃬
9
ࡢࠊ༙ࡤᨾ㞀ࡋࡓࠕ୙⮬⏤࡞ࠖ㌟యࠊ
ࠕ࠺ࡍࡢࢁࠖ
ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ኌࡣࠊࡲࡉ࡟ࡑࢀࡀ୙⮬⏤࡞㌟య࡛࠶ࡿ
ࡲࡿ࡛ぢ࠼࡞࠸ᩛ࡜ᡓࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ
ࡀᨾ࡟ࠊࣆࣝࢡࢫ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚↓どࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ୙ྍ⬟
ᙼࡢᡭࡢᡴᧁࡣ⣲᪩࠿ࡗࡓࠋ(10)
࡞࠶ࡿ✀ࡢ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪᛶࢆᣢࡗ࡚❧ࡕ⌧ࢀࡿࠋ
ࡉ࡚ࠊࡑࡢᚋࣆࣝࢡࢫࡀ▱ࡗࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ࠊ
ࡋ࠿ࡋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡢᡭࡉࡤࡁࡢᕦࡳ
ᐇࡣࡇࡢᏱᐂ⯪ࡣඖࠎࠕࢥࣜ࢜ࣛࣥࠖྕ࡜࠸࠺ྡ
ࡉࡢ୰࡟ࡣࠊࡑࢀࢆぢࡿ⪅ࡢ୰࡟࠶ࡿ✀ࡢ୙ྜྷ࡞
๓࡛ࠊ19 ᖺ๓࡟᭷ྡ࡞㝹▼⾪✺஦ᨾ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚኱
ணឤࢆᥙࡁ❧࡚ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࡀ₯ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋࡕࡻ
◚ࡋࠊ16 ᖺࡶࡢ㛫⾜᪉୙᫂࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜࠸࠺
࠺࡝ࠊㄆ▱⑕࡟౵ࡉࢀࡓ⪁ேࡀࠊ࠶ࡿ≉ᐃࡢసᴗ
࠸ࢃࡃࡘࡁࡢ⯪ࡔࡗࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡣࠊ19
ࡸ≉ᐃࡢ௚⪅࡜ࡢ఍ヰ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㦫ࡃ࡯࡝ࡢṇ
ᖺ๓ࡢ஦ᨾࡢ၏୍ࡢࠕ⏕㑏⪅࡛ࠖ࠶ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ᖖࡉࡸᕦࡳࡉࢆⓎ᥹ࡍࡿࡢࢆぢ࡚ࠊࡣࡗ࡜ࡉࡏࡽ
࠶ࡿ᫬ࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣࠊࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡀወጁ࡞ືసࢆࡋ
ࢀࡿ࡜ࡁࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࡢࠕ୙ྜྷࡉࠖࡣࠊࢸ
࡚࠸ࡿࡢࢆ┠ᧁࡍࡿࠋࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡣࠊᨺᑕ⬟₃ࢀ
࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡢ⭎ࡀసᴗ࡜ྠ᫬࡟↓ព㆑ࡢ࠺ࡕ࡟ᡴ
ࢆ㜵ࡄࡓࡵ࡟ࢭ࣓ࣥࢺࢆቨ࡟྇ࡁࡘࡅࡿືసࢆ
ࡕ⥆ࡅࡿࠊ᩿ᮎ㨱ࡢᝒ㬆ࡢࡼ࠺࡞࣮ࣔࣝࢫಙྕࡢ
ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊྠ᫬࡟ࡑࡢᡴᧁ㡢࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᙼ⮬㌟ࡶ
ᙧࢆྲྀࡗ࡚ࣆࣝࢡࢫࡢ⪥࡟㡪ࡃࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟
↓ព㆑ࡢ࠺ࡕ࡟࣮ࣔࣝࢫಙྕࢆⓎࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛
௜ࡅຍ࠼ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡀ⮬ࡽࡢࠕၥ㢟⾜
࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊ19 ᖺ๓ࡢࠕࢥࣜ࢜ࣛࣥࠖྕࢆく
ືࠖࢆ඲ࡃ⮬ぬࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊሙྜ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣࡑࢀ
ࡗࡓ஦ᨾࡢ㝿࡟⏕Ꮡ⪅㐩ࡀ஺ࢃࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࣮ࣔࣝ
ࢆ⮬ࡽྰㄆࡍࡿ㸦
ࠕᨺᑕ⬟₃ࢀࢆሰ࠸࡛࠸ࡿࡔࡅࠖ
㸧
ࢫಙྕࢆ෌⌧ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡔࡗࡓࠋ⏕Ꮡ⪅㐩ࡀṚࡠ㛫
࡜࠸࠺Ⅼࡶࠊࡸࡣࡾㄆ▱⑕ࡢึᮇ⑕≧ࢆᙉࡃ㐃᝿
㝿ࡲ࡛㏦ࡾ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡓ࣮ࣔࣝࢫಙྕࡀࠊ࡝࠺࠸࠺
ࡉࡏࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡢ㌟యࡣࣆࣝࢡࢫ
ࢃࡅ࠿ࡑࡗࡃࡾࡑࡢࡲࡲࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡢ㢌⬻ࡢ୰
࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࠊࡲࡿ࡛௓ㆤࢆᚲせ࡜ࡍࡿ⪁࠸ࡓࠕࡲࡲ
࡟グ㘓ࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓ࡜ࡋ࠿⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡞࠸⌧㇟
࡞ࡽࡠࠖ㌟య࡜ࡋ࡚❧ࡕ⌧ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡢࡼ࠺ࡔࠋ
ࡀ㉳ࡇࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣុ↛࡜ࡍࡿࠋ
ࡇࡇࡲ࡛ࡢグ㏙ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ࡇࡇ࡛࠸ࡃࡘ࠿☜
ㄆࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡎࠊྜ⌮ⓗ࡞ࠕປ
ࠕ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡣ͐ఱࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࢇࡔ㸽ࠖࣆࣝࢡࢫ
ാࡍࡿᶵᲔࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡢ㌟యࡣࠊ࠶ࡃ
ࡣゝࡗࡓࠋ
ࡲ࡛ࡓࡔࡢࠕᶵᲔࠖ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢࡂࡇࡕ࡞࠸
ࠕᨺᑕ⬟₃ࢀࢆሰ࠸࡛࠸ࡲࡍࠋẖ᫬ 0.4 ࣞࣥ
ືసࡀࠕ⪁࠸ࡓே㛫ࡢ㌟యࠖࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚
ࢺࢤࣥࡢ₃ࢀ࡛ࡍࠋసᴗࢆ⥆ࡅ࡚ࡶ࠸࠸࡛ࡍ
❧ࡕ⌧ࢃࢀࡿࡢࡣࠊ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ࣆࣝࢡࢫ࡜࠸࠺ࠕே
࠿㸽ࠖ
㛫ࠖഃࡢ୺ほ࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡟ࡍࡂ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࠋ
ࠕ࣮ࣔࣝࢫಙྕࢆ㏦ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡌࡷ࡞࠸࠿㸽ఱ
ࡲࡓྠᵝ࡟ࠊࠕྜ⌮ⓗ࡞ࠖ⾜ືࢆࣉࣟࢢ࣑ࣛࣥࢢ
ࢆ㏦ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ㸽ࠖ
ࡉࢀࡓࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡢࠕసᴗࠖࡢ
ࠕ࣮ࣔࣝࢫಙྕࠖ඲ࡃྠࡌኌࡢࢺ࣮࡛ࣥࣟ࣎
ព࿡ࡣࠊ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ࠕᨺᑕ⬟₃ࢀࢆሰࡄࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ
ࢵࢺࡣ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡍ࡜ࠊゝⴥࢆ㏉ࡋࡓࠋ
ࠕࢃ࠿ࡾࡲ
࡜࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ㝿࡟௜㝶ࡍࡿᡴᧁ㡢ࡢࣜࢬ࣒
ࡏࢇࠋసᴗࢆ⥆ࡅ࡚ࡶ࠸࠸࡛ࡍ࠿㸽ࠖ(9)
ࡣࠊࡑࡢࠕసᴗࠖ࡟௜㝶ࡍࡿ༢࡞ࡿഅⓎⓗ࡛↓ព
࿡࡞ࠕࣀ࢖ࢬࠖ࡟㐣ࡂ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋᐇ
ࡇࡢࢩ࣮࡛ࣥ⯆࿡῝࠸ࡢࡣࠊࡇࡢࠕᨺᑕ⬟₃ࢀ
㝿ࠊඛ࡟ࡶ㏙࡭ࡓ࡜࠾ࡾࠊࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ⮬㌟ࡣ⮬ศ
ࢆሰࡄࠖసᴗࢆࡍࡿࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡢືసࡀࠊࡉࡁ࡯
ࡢᡭࡢᡴᧁࡀ࠿ࡘ࡚ࡢṚ⪅ࡓࡕࡢ࣮ࣔࣝࢫಙྕ
࡝ࡢⓏሙࢩ࣮ࣥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࡂࡇࡕ࡞࠸ືస࡜ࡣᡴ
ࢆ෌⏕ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡣࠊ඲ࡃ⮬ぬࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡔ࠿
ࡗ࡚ኚࢃࡗ࡚ࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟⣲᪩ࡃࠊࣜࢬ࣑࢝ࣝ࡟ࠊࡑ
ࡽࠊࡑࡢࠕࣀ࢖ࢬࠖࡀఱࡽ࠿ࡢࠕ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࠖ࡟
ࡋ࡚ᕦࡳ࡟⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
⪺ࡇ࠼࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢࡣࠊ࠸࠿࡟ࡑࢀࡀṇ☜࡞࣮ࣔࣝ
10
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
ࢫಙྕࢆᡴࡗ࡚࠸ࡼ࠺࡜ࡶࠊࡸࡣࡾ༢࡞ࡿே㛫ഃ
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠗࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ࠘࡟Ⓩሙࡍ
ࡢ୺ほ࡟㐣ࡂ࡞࠸ࠋゝ࠸᥮࠼ࡿ࡜ࠊே㛫࡜ࡣᶵᲔ
ࡿࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ㌟యࢆࠊ⪁࠸࡚ㄆ▱⑕ࢆᢪ࠼ࡓࠊ
ࠕࡲ
ࡢఱࡽ࠿ࡢືస୙Ⰻࠊࣂࢢࠊᨾ㞀ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࣀ࢖ࢬ
ࡲ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠖ㌟య࡜ඹ㏻ࡢ⤒㦂ࡢᇶ┙ࢆᣢࡘࡶࡢ
࡟ࡍࡽࠊఱࡽ࠿ࡢ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪᛶࢆぢฟࡋࠊࡑࢀ࡟
࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼㏉ࡍどⅬࢆᚓࡓࢃࡅࡔࡀࠊ࡛ࡣࡇࡢࡼ
཯ᛂ࣭ᛂ⟅ࡏࡊࡿࢆ࠼࡞࠸⏕ࡁ≀࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑ
࠺࡞ࠕࡲࡲ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸㌟యࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ⾲
ࡋ࡚ࡇࡢࠊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡜࠸࠺ࠕᶵᲔࠖࡀయ⌧ࡍࡿࠕࡲ
㇟ࡣࠊSF ࡜࠸࠺ࢪࣕࣥࣝ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢྲྀ
ࡲ࡞ࡽࡠ㌟యࠖࡢ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࡣࠊࡲࡉ࡟ࡑࢀࡀ୍
ࡾᢅ࠸࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡑࡶࡑࡶ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ព⩏ࢆᣢࡘ
ษࡢឤ᝟ࡸពᚿࢆ๤ࡂྲྀࡽࢀࡓࠕᶵᲔࠖࡀⓎࡍࡿ
ࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿ࠋࡇࡇ୍࡛᪦࣒ࣞ࠿ࡽ㞳ࢀ࡚ࠊࡑࡶ
ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽࡇࡑࠊࡼࡾ୍ᒙษᐇ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡑࡶ SF ࡢṔྐ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡜࠸࠺୺㢟ࡀ࡝
࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᶵᲔࡀࡓ࡜࠼࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᣲື
ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚⏕ࡲࢀࠊࡑࡋ࡚ᢅࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡢ࠿ࢆ
ࡸⓎゝࢆࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡶࠊࡑࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣࠊ
ࡈࡃ⡆༢࡟ᴫほࡋ࡚࠾ࡇ࠺ࠋࡼࡃ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㏻
ࡑࡢዟᗏ࡟₯ࡴ࡜᝿ᐃࡉࢀࡿఱࡽ࠿ࡢࠕே᱁ࠖࡸ
ࡾࠊ
ࠕࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࠖ࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥࡣࠊࢳ࢙ࢥࡢ࣭࢝ࣞࣝ
ࠕᑛཝࠖ࡞࡝ࢆ୍ษ⪃៖ࡍࡿࡍࡿᚲせ࡞࡝࡞࠸ࡣ
ࢳࣕ࣌ࢵࢡࡢ 1920 ᖺࡢᡙ᭤ࠗR.U.R.࠘࡟࠾࠸࡚
ࡎ࡞ࡢࡔ࠿ࡽࠋࡑࢀ࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎࠊࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ
ࡇࡢゝⴥࡀึࡵ࡚౑ࢃࢀࡓࡇ࡜࡟⏤᮶ࡍࡿࠋࡑࡋ
ࢆ๓࡟ࡋࡓࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣࡑࡢ㌟యࡑࡢࡶࡢࡀⓎࡍ
࡚ࡲࡓࡇࢀࡶࡼࡃ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡔࡀࠊࡇࡢࣟ
ࡿᙉⅯ࡞࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪᛶ࡟ᡴࡕࡢࡵࡉࢀࠊࡲࡈࡘࡁࠊ
࣎ࢵࢺ࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥࢆࢳࣕ࣌ࢵࢡࡢ඗ࣚࢮࣇࡀ⪃
ࡑࢀ࡟ఱࡽ࠿ࡢᙧ࡛ᛂ⟅ࡏࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡇ࡟
࠼ࡔࡋࡓࡢࡣࠊࢳ࢙ࢥㄒ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠕປാࠖࢆព࿡
ࡣࠊே㛫ࡀ௚⪅ࡢ⑓ࢆᢪ࠼ࡓ㌟యࠊ⪁࠸ࡓࠊࠕࡲ
ࡍࡿ robota ࡜࠸࠺ㄒ࠿ࡽࡢ㐃᝿࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢࡔࡗ
ࡲ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠖ㌟య࡟┤㠃ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺⤒㦂ࢆࡍࡿ㝿
ࡓࠋࢳࣕ࣌ࢵࢡࡢࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡣࠊᩥᏐ㏻ࡾࠊே㛫࡟
ࡢࠊ࠶ࡿཎึⓗ࣭ᬑ㐢ⓗ࡞⤒㦂ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡀᏑᅾࡋ
ᮏ᮶ഛࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿே᱁ࡸឤ᝟࡜࠸ࡗࡓ㠀ྜ⌮
࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ
ᛶ࣭㠀⬟⋡ᛶࢆ๤ࡂྲྀࡽࢀࡓࠊ⣧⢋࡞ࠕປാࡍࡿ
➨஧࡟☜ㄆࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࡢࡣࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡢࢸ࣑ࣝ
㌟యࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚⪃࠼ࡔࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ(12) ࠋ
ࢾࢫࡀࠊ࠸ࢃࡤ⮬ศ⮬㌟࠿ࡽ␯እࡉࢀࡓ≧ែ࡟࠶
ࠗR.U.R.࠘࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡸࡀ࡚ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡟ឤ᝟
ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡣࠊ⮬ࡽࡀ࠿ࡘ
ࡀⱆ⏕࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ཯஘ࡀ㉳ࡁࠊே㛫ࡣ
࡚ࡢࠕࢥࣜ࢜ࣛࣥࠖྕࡢ⏕Ꮡ⪅ࡢ࣮ࣔࣝࢫಙྕࢆ
ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⁛ࡰࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ
↓ព㆑ࡢ࠺ࡕ࡟ᶍೌࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡣࠊ⮬ศ࡛ࡣỴࡋ
ࡑࡋ࡚᭱ᚋ࡟ࡣࠊࠕឡࠖ࡜࠸࠺ឤ᝟ࢆぬ࠼ࡓࣟ࣎
࡚ㄆ㆑࡛ࡁ࡞࠸≧ែ࡟࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࡘࡲࡾࠊࢸࣝ
ࢵࢺࡀ᪂ࡋ࠸ୡ௦ࡢࠕே㛫ࠖࡑࡢࡶࡢ࡜࡞ࡿࠊ࡜
࣑ࢾࢫࡀ⮬ࡽࡢ࠺ࡕ࡟࠶ࡿ✀ࡢព࿡௜ࡅ୙ྍ⬟ࠊ
࠸࠺⤖ᮎࢆ㏄࠼ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠕࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࠖࡢࢫ
⌮ゎ୙ྍ⬟࡞ࠕグ᠈ࠖࢆෆໟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜
ࢺ࣮࣮ࣜࢆ╔᝿ࡋࡓࢳࣕ࣌ࢵࢡࡢ᝿ീຊࡀࠊᛴ㏿
࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡉࡽ࡟ゝ࠼ࡤ⮬ࡽࡢෆ㒊࡟ไᚚ୙ྍ⬟࡞
࡟Ⓨᒎࡍࡿ㈨ᮏ୺⩏࡜ࡑࡇ࡟࠾ࡅࡿປാ⪅ࡢ㐣
᰿※ⓗࠕ௚⪅ᛶࠖࢆᢪ࠼㎸ࡳࠊࡑࢀ࡟࡞ࡍࡍ࡭ࡶ
㓞࡞⏕άᐇែࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࣟࢩ࢔㠉࿨࡟ࡼࡿࢯ㐃ࡢ
࡞ࡃ᫹ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ♫఍Ꮫ⪅ࡢ
ᡂ❧࡜࠸࠺ᙧ࡛⤖ᐇࡋࡓ㈨ᮏᐙ㝵⣭࡟ᑐࡍࡿປ
ኳ⏣ᇛ௓࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊࡲࡉ࡟ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⤒㦂ࡇࡑࡣ
ാ⪅㝵⣭ࡢ཯஘ࠊ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࠊᙜ᫬ࡢୡ⏺ࢆື࠿ࡋ
ࠕ⪁࠸⾶࠼ࡺࡃࠖ࡜࠸࠺⤒㦂ࡀෆໟࡍࡿ᰿※ⓗ࡞
࡚࠸ࡓ♫఍᝟ໃ࡟῝ࡃᙳ㡪ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ
ᅔ㞴࡟௚࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ(11)ࠋ
࡜ࡣࠊᨵࡵ࡚ᣦ᦬ࡍࡿࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡓࡔࡋ
ࡇࡇ࡛ᙉㄪࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࡢࡣࠊࢳࣕ࣌ࢵࢡࡢ╔᝿
㸲ປാࡍࡿᶵᲔ㸸6) ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡜
࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡓࠊᙜ᫬㝯┒ࢆᴟࡵ࡚࠸ࡓࣇ࢛࣮ࢻ
ປാ⪅ࡢࠕ㌟య㸻ᶵᲔࠖ
୺⩏࣭ࢸ࢖࣮ࣛ୺⩏ᆺࡢ㈨ᮏ୺⩏࡜ࡑࡇ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ
ປാ⟶⌮ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉⮬యࡀࡑࡶࡑࡶࠊ࡞࡟ࡶࣇ࢕ࢡ
ᓌҾᅙ≝⇟⇥⇱⇟∕⇻∝−∆↚ⅹↀ↺∓∂⇩⇮↝៲˳⃬ჺዻⅦ⇬∑∅⇲⇟Ⅷ⇁ɶ࣎↚⃬
11
ࢩࣙࣥࢆᣢࡕฟࡍࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃࠊປാ⪅ࡢ㌟యࢆ
యࢆ୍✀ࡢࠕᶵᲔࠖ࡬࡜సࡾኚ࠼࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ⌮
ࠕᙺ࡟❧ࡘࠖ㌟యࠊ
ࠕྜ⌮ⓗ࡛ࠖࠕຠ⋡ⓗࠖ࡞ࠕᶵ
᝿࡜ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ௚࡞ࡽࡠ࣮ࣞࢽࣥࡑࡢ
Ეࠖࡑࡢࡶࡢࡢࡼ࠺࡞㌟య࡬࡜సࡾኚ࠼࡚࠸ࡃࣉ
ேࡀࠊࣇ࢛࣮ࢻ୺⩏࣭ࢸ࢖࣮ࣛࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ⇕Ⅿ࡞
ࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡑࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ಙዊ⪅ࡔࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᙼࡣࠊࣇ࢛࣮ࢻ୺⩏࣭ࢸ
ᐇ㝿ࠊࣇࣞࢹࣜࢵࢡ࣭ࢸ࢖࣮ࣛࡢࠕ⛉Ꮫⓗ⟶⌮ἲࠖ
࢖࣮ࣛ୺⩏ࡢ୰࠿ࡽ㈨ᮏ୺⩏ࡢࠕᦢྲྀⓗ࡞ࠖせ⣲
࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊປാ⪅ࡢປാࡣࡑࡢ୍ᣲᡭ୍ᢞ㊊࡟
ࢆྲྀࡾ㝖ࡁࠊࠕ⛉Ꮫⓗ㐩ᡂࠖࡢࡳࢆྲྀࡾฟࡍࡇ࡜
⮳ࡿࡲ࡛ṇ☜࡟᫬ィ࡛ ࡽࢀࠊປാࣉࣟࢭࢫࡣ
࡟ࡼࡗ࡚♫఍୺⩏ࡢⓎᒎ࡟ᙺ❧ࡓࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛
ಶࠎࡢ༢⣧࡞ືసࡢ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ࡬࡜ᯝ࡚ࡋ࡞ࡃ⣽
ࡁࡿ࡜ಙࡌ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼ࠊ1920 ᖺ௦ࡢࢯ㐃
ศ໬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ20 ୡ⣖࡜࠸࠺᫬௦
࡛ࡣ኱㔞ࡢࣇ࢛࣮ࢻࢺࣛࢡࢱ࣮ࡢⓎὀࠊேᮦὴ㐵
ࡣࠊࡑࡶࡑࡶ኱㔞ࡢே㛫ࡓࡕࡀࠕࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࠖ࡬࡜
࡞࡝ࢆྵࡵࡓ኱つᶍ࡞ࣇ࢛࣮ࢻ♫࡜ࡢ༠ຊ࣭஺ὶ
సࡾ᭰࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡃ᫬௦࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡢࡔࠋ
ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊࣇ࢛࣮ࢻࡢ⮬ఏࡀ࣋ࢫࢺ
ࢳࣕ࣌ࢵࢡࡢࠗR.U.R.࠘ࡣࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓປാ⪅㸻
ࢭ࣮ࣛ࡜࡞ࡾࠊࡉࡽ࡟Ẹ⾗ࡢ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡣࣇ࢛࣮ࢻ
ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢྜ⌮ⓗ࡞㌟యࠊᚑ㡰࡞㌟యࡀࡸࡀ࡚ே
ࡀ࣮ࣞࢽࣥ࡞࡝࡜୪ࡪ࡯࡝ࡢ⚄᱁໬ࢆཷࡅࡿ࡞
㛫࡟ᑐࡍࡿ཯஘ࢆ㉳ࡇࡍ࡜࠸࠺≀ㄒࡔࡗࡓࡀࠊࡇ
࡝ࠊࠕࣇ࢛࣮ࢻ࣭࢝ࣝࢺࠖ࡜࡛ࡶ࿧ࡪ࡭ࡁ⌧㇟ࡀ
ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ປാ⪅㸻ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࠕ୙ᚑ㡰࡞ࠖ㌟యࡀ
㉳ࡇࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ(14)ࠋ
ࡸࡀ࡚཯஘ࢆ㉳ࡇࡍࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺ᜍᛧࡣࠊ
ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⌮ᛕࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡓᐇ㊶㠃࡟࠾ࡅࡿປ
ࡑࡢᚋࡢⱥ⡿ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ SF ࡢ㐍ᒎ࡟ࡶከ኱࡞ᙳ㡪
ാ⪅ࡢ⫗యࡢ⟶⌮࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ1930
ࢆ୚࠼ࡓ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊ࠿ࡢ᭷ྡ࡞࢔
ᖺ௦௨㝆ࡢࢯ㐃࡛άⓎ໬ࡋࠊᡓᚋ࣏࣮ࣛࣥࢻࢆࡣ
࢖ࢨࢵࢡ࣭࢔ࢩࣔࣇࡢࠕࣟ࣎ࢵࢺᕤᏛ୕ཎ๎ࠖ
㸦
ࠕࣟ
ࡌࡵ࡜ࡋࡓᮾḢㅖᅜ࡟ࡶἼཬࡋࡓࠕປാ➇தࠖ㐠
࣎ࢵࢺࡣே㛫࡟༴ᐖࢆຍ࠼࡚࡞ࡣࡽ࡞࠸ࠖࠕࣟ࣎
ືࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺(15)ࠋປാ࡬ࡢ⇕≬ⓗ࡞ཧຍ࡜ປ
ࢵࢺࡣே㛫࡟࠶ࡓ࠼ࡽࢀࡓ࿨௧࡟᭹ᚑࡋ࡞ࡅࢀ
ാࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢྜ⌮໬࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊఱⓒ㸣ࡶࡢ㦫␗ⓗ
ࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠖࠕࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡣ⮬ᕫࢆࡲࡶࡽ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ
࡞ࠕࣀ࣐ࣝ㉸࠼ࠖࢆ࡞ࡋ࡜ࡆࡓ࡜ࡉࢀࡿᙜ᫬ࡢࠕປ
࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠖ㸧(13)ࡣࠊࡲࡉ࡟ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ㸻ປാ⪅ࠕᚑ
ാⱥ㞝ࠖࡓࡕࡣࠊࡑࡢ㌟యࡢ㡹೺ࡉࠊࡑࡋ࡚」ᩘ
㡰ࠖ࡞㌟యࡀࠕ୙ᚑ㡰ࠖ࡟࡞ࡿࡢࢆண㜵ࡋࠊࡑࢀ
ࡢᶵᲔࢆ୍ᗘ࡟᧯సࡍࡿ࡞࡝ࡢᚭᗏⓗ࡞సᴗຠ
࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡑࢀࡽ୙ᚑ㡰࡞㌟యࡢ཯஘ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆ
⋡ࡢྥୖ࡞࡝ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊ
ࠕቯࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ࡞࠸ᶵᲔࠖ
ᚭᗏࡋ࡚ᑒࡌ㎸ࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢཎ๎ࢆ⾲⌧ࡋࡓࡶࡢ
ࠕຠ⋡ⓗ࡞ᶵᲔࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢປാ⪅ࡢ⫗యࡢྍ⬟ᛶ
࡜ࡋ࡚ㄞࡴࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡇࡢ᮲ᩥ࡟➃ⓗ࡟⾲⌧
ࢆ᭱ࡶ➃ⓗ࡟⾲⌧ࡍࡿᏑᅾࡔࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࡔࢁ
ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊປാࡍࡿ㌟యࡀ⟶⌮⪅ࡢゝ࠺ࡇ
࠺ࠋ࣒ࣞࡀ SF సᐙ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ࢆᮏ᱁ⓗ࡟
࡜࡟ᚑ㡰࡟ᚑ࠸ࠊ⟶⌮⪅࡟཯஘ࢆ㉳ࡇࡉࡎࠊࡑࡋ
ࢫࢱ࣮ࢺࡉࡏࡓࡢࡣࠊࡕࡻ࠺࡝࣏࣮ࣛࣥࢻ඲ᅵࢆ
࡚ࠊ⮬ẅࡸ⮬ᕫ◚ቯ࡞࡝ࡢ㠀ྜ⌮ⓗ࡞ࠕࢧ࣎ࢱ࣮
ࠕ♫఍୺⩏ᘓタࠖࡢࣉࣟࣃ࢞ࣥࢲࡀ㥑ࡅᕠࡾࠊࡇ
ࢪࣗࠖ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⤒῭࡟ᦆᐖࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࡞࠸ࠊ
ࢀࡽ೧኱࡞ࠕປാⱥ㞝ࠖࡓࡕࡢά㌍ࡀ᪂⪺ࡸࢽࣗ
୍✀ࡢ⏘ᴗⓗ࣮ࣘࢺࣆ࢔ࡢጼࡑࡢࡶࡢ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶
࣮ࢫᫎ⏬ࠊᩥᏛ࡞࡝࡛┒ࢇ࡟⛠ᥭࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠊࡑ
ࡿࠋ
ࡢ㡬Ⅼ࡟ᙜࡓࡿ᫬ᮇ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ(16)ࠋ
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙜ᫬ࡢ࣏࣮ࣛࣥࢻࡢ᫬௦⫼ᬒࠊࡑࡋ
㸳♫఍୺⩏యไ࡜ࠕᶵᲔ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢே㛫ࠖ
࡚௚࡞ࡽࡠ࣒ࣞ⮬㌟ࡀ࠿ࡘ࡚♫఍୺⩏ࣜ࢔ࣜࢬ
࣒ࡢリᏛࡢᙳ㡪ୗ࠿ࡽࡑࡢ SF సᐙ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ࢟ࣕ
ࡉ࡚ࠊヰࢆ࣒ࣞ࡬࡜ᡠࡑ࠺ࠋ࣒ࣞࡀ⏕ࡁࡓ♫఍
୺⩏యไୗࡢᮾഃࣈࣟࢵࢡ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶすഃ࡜ྠ
ᵝ࡟㸦࡜࠸࠺ࡼࡾすഃࢆᶍೌࡋ࡚㸧ࠊປാ⪅ࡢ㌟
ࣜ࢔ࢆฟⓎࡉࡏࠊᚋ࡟ࡑࢀࢆ஌ࡾ㉺࠼࡚࠸ࡗࡓ࡜
࠸࠺⤒⦋ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊࠗࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ࠘࡟ᥥ࠿
ࢀࡓࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࠕ⪄◿ࡋࡓࠖ㌟యࠊ
ࠕࡲࡲ࡞ࡽࡠࠖ
12
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
㌟యࡀⓎࡍࡿ㠀ྜ⌮ⓗ࡞ࠕ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࠖࢆࠊࡇ࠺
ࡉࡽ࡟⥆ࡃࠋᙼࡣࠊ⯪ෆ࡛㣫⫱ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢿࢬ࣑
ࡋࡓ࠿ࡘ࡚ࡢ♫఍୺⩏ࣜ࢔ࣜࢬ࣒࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕྜ⌮
࡟Ỉࢆࡸࢁ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ⯪ᐊࢆ࠺ࢁ࠺ࢁṌࡁࡲࢃࡗ
ⓗ࡞㌟య㸻ᶵᲔࠖࡢ୍✀ࡢ࢔ࣥࢳࢸ࣮ࢮ࡜ࡋ࡚ゎ
࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࢆࣆࣝࢡࢫ࡟┠ᧁࡉࢀࡿࠋࠕỈࡣ࡝
㔘ࡋࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ඲ࡃࡢⓗእࢀ࡜࠸࠺ࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞
ࡇࡔࠖ࡜⪺ࡃࣆࣝࢡࢫ࡟ࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡣࠕࢃ̺ࡍࢀ
࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡑ࠺⪃࠼ࡿ࡜ࠊඛ࡟⤂௓ࡋࡓࠊࢸ࣑ࣝ
ࡲࡋࡓࠖ࡜⟅࠼ࠊࡑࡢኌࡢ࠶ࡲࡾࡢࠕ↓㜵ഛࡉࠖ
ࢾࢫࡀᨺᑕ⬟₃ࢀࢆሰࡄసᴗࢆࡍࡿ㝿ࡢࢭ࣓ࣥ
࡟ࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣ࿈↛࡜ࡍࡿ(18)ࠋࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣࡲࡓࠊࢸ
ࢺࢆᡭ࡛ᥒࡗ࡚ቨ࡟྇ࡁࡘࡅࡿ࡜࠸࠺ືసࡢᥥ
࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡀᐇ㝿࡟ࢿࢬ࣑ࡢୡヰࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡇ
෗ࡣࠊ1950 ᖺ௦ึ㢌ࡢࠕປാ➇தࠖ඲┒ࡢ࣏࣮
ࢁࡶࡇࡗࡑࡾなࡁぢࡍࡿࠋ
ࣛࣥࢻ࡛ປാ⪅ࡢࢩࣥ࣎ࣝ࡜ࡉࢀࡓࡼ࠺࡞⫋ᴗࠊ
౛࠼ࡤࠕⅣ㖔ኵࠖࠕᶵ㛵ኈࠖࡑࡋ࡚ࠕࣞࣥ࢞✚ࡳ
࢞ࣛࢫ㉺ࡋ࡟ࠊởࢀࡓ✵ࡢࢣ࣮ࢪࡢᗏࡀぢ࠼ࠊ
ᕤࠖ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ⫋ᴗ࡟≉᭷ࡢ཯᚟ⓗືస࡜ወጁ࡟ఝ
ࡉࡽ࡟࣡࢖࣮ࣖࢿࢵࢺ㉺ࡋࡢࠊ࡝ࡇ࠿㧗࠸࡜
㏻ࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ᡃࠎࡢ๓࡟❧ࡕ⌧ࢀ࡚ࡃࡿࡋࠊ
ࡇࢁ࡟࠶ࡿ཯ᑕᯈ௜ࡁࣛ࢖ࢺ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚↷ࡽࡉ
ࡲࡓࠊࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡀാࡃᏱᐂ⯪ࡢᥥ෗㸦⯪㤳࠿ࡽ
ࢀࡓ㒊ᒇࡢዟ࡟ࡣࠊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢỈ࡛ࡧࡋࡻࡠ
⯪ᑿࡢཎᏊ⅔࡬࡜⮳ࡿࠕ❧ᆙࠖ㸧ࡣࠊࡕࡻ࠺࡝Ⅳ
ࢀ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ⫼୰ࡀぢ࠼ࡓࠋࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡣ✵୰࡟
㖔ኵࡀാࡃ㖔ᒣࡢᆙ㐨ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ぢ࠼࡚ࡣࡇ࡞࠸
࡯ࡰỈᖹ࡟ᾋࡁࠊ୧ᡭࢆࡢࢁࡢࢁ࡜ື࠿ࡋ࡚
ࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡣࡇࢀࡽ 1950
࠸ࡓࠋᙼࡢ⏥ැࡢࡑࡇࡽࡌࡹ࠺ࢆⓑ࠸ࢿࢬ࣑
ᖺ௦ࡢࠕປാⱥ㞝ࠖࡓࡕࡢ࠸ࢃࡤ඗ᘵ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞
ࡀ㏺࠸ࡎࡾࡲࢃࡗ࠸ࡓࠋࢿࢬ࣑ࡓࡕࡣࠊࢸࣝ
࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ1950 ᖺ௦ࡢປാⱥ㞝ࡓࡕ
࣑ࢾࢫࡢ㔠ᒓࡢ⭎ᙜ࡚ࡸ⬚Ẇࡢୖࢆ㏿㊊࡛㥑
ࡢ㌟యࡀࠊ⌧ᐇ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ඲ࡃᚑ㡰࡞㌟య࡛ࡶ᏶
ࡅࡎࡾᅇࡾࠊ኱ࡁ࡞Ỉ⁲ࡀ⁀ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ⭡㒊
(17)
ࡢ࡜඲ࡃྠᵝ࡟ࠊࢸ࣑ࣝ
ࡢయ⠇ࡢ❑ࡳ࡟㞟ࡲࡗ࡚ࡣỈࢆ⯍ࡵࡿ࡜ࠊࢪ
ࢾࢫࡢࠕࡲࡲ࡞ࡽࡠࠖ㌟యࡶࡲࡓࠊྜ⌮ⓗ࡞ࠕປ
ࣕࣥࣉࡋ࡚✵୰࡟㣕ࡧ࠶ࡀࡗࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࢸࣝ
ാࡍࡿᶵᲔࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡑࡢᮏ᮶ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࢆ㋃ࡳ㉺࠼
࣑ࢾࢫࡀࡘ࠿ࡲ࠼ࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊࢿࢬ࣑ࡓࡕ
ࡓࠊ୙ྍゎࡉ࡜㠀ྜ⌮ᛶࢆල࠼ࡓᏑᅾ࡜ࡋ࡚ᡃࠎ
ࡣᙼࡢ㕲ࡢᣦࡢ㛫ࢆࡍࡤࡸࡃ㏨ࢀࠊࡑࡢᑼᑿ
ࡢ๓࡟❧ࡕ⌧ࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡀࡲࡿ࡛၈ⲡᶍᵝࡢࡼ࠺࡟୸ࢆᥥࡃࡢࡔࡗࡓ
⎍࡞ᶵᲔ࡛ࡶ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ
̿̿ࡑࡢගᬒࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ࡟⌋ጁ࡛ࠊ࠶ࡲࡾ࡟⁥
㸴௚⪅ࢆࠕཷࡅධࢀࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ዎᶵ
✍ࡔࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࠊࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣ྿ࡁฟࡋࡑ࠺࡟࡞
ࡗࡓࠋ(19)
ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ࠊ
ࠗࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ࠘࡟Ⓩሙࡍࡿࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ
㌟యࡣࠊ㏆௦ⓗ࡞⟶⌮ࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡀせㄳࡋࡓྜ⌮
ⓗ࡟ືసࡍࡿࠕປാࡍࡿᶵᲔ࡛ࠖࡶ࡞ࡃࠊࡲࡋ࡚
ࡉࡽ࡟ࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣࠊࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡀ⊧ࢆ᥈ࡋ࡚࠸
ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ࡟ฟࡃࢃࡋᅔᝨࡍࡿࠋ
ࡸ⮬ᚊᛶࢆ᭷ࡋࡓࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥྍ⬟࡞ࠕ㏆
௦ⓗಶே࡛ࠖࡶ࡞ࡃࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ㏻ᖖࡢ⌮ゎྍ⬟ᛶ
࠿ࡽእࢀࡓሙᡤ࡟ࡑࡢጼࢆ⾲ࢃࡍࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࢸ
࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡣࠊࡼࡾ┤᥋ⓗ࡛㌟యⓗ࡞⌧๓࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ
࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣປാࡢ㝿ࡢືసࡀ௜㝶ⓗ࡟⏕ࡳฟࡍ୙
ྍゎ࡞ࣀ࢖ࢬ㸻࣮ࣔࣝࢫಙྕࡢࠕ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࠖ࡟
ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࣆࣝࢡࢫ࡟ാࡁ࠿ࡅࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡉ࡚ࠊヰࢆࠗࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ࠘ࡢࡑࡢᚋࡢࢫࢺ࣮ࣜ
࣮࡟ᡠࡑ࠺ࠋࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡢ୙ᑂ࡞ࠕၥ㢟⾜ືࠖࡣ
ࠕ⊧ࢆ᥈ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠖࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡣ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ
ࡓࠋ
ࠕ࡞ࢇࡢࡓࡵ࡟㸟㸽ࠖ
ࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡣ㔠ᒓ࡛࡛ࡁࡓ᙮ീࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᅛࡲ
ࡗ࡚ື࠿࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
ࠕࢃ࠿ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠖ࡜ᙼࡀᑠࡉ࡞ኌ࡛⟅࠼ࡓࡢ
࡛ࠊࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣ⊋⊌ࡋࡓࠋ(20)
ᓌҾᅙ≝⇟⇥⇱⇟∕⇻∝−∆↚ⅹↀ↺∓∂⇩⇮↝៲˳⃬ჺዻⅦ⇬∑∅⇲⇟Ⅷ⇁ɶ࣎↚⃬
13
ࡇࢀࡽࡢࢩ࣮ࣥࡣࠊ௬࡟ࡇࢀࡀ࣒ࣞ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚᭩
ࢆ୍ษ⪃៖ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࡞࠸Ꮡᅾ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽࡇࡑࠊ
࠿ࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊ㏻಑ⓗ࡞ SF ࡞࡝࡟ࡋࡤ
㏫ㄝⓗ࡟ࡶே㛫ࡀ┠ࡢ๓࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿࠕ௚⪅ࠖ࡟ྥ
ࡋࡤぢࡽࢀࡿࠕࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡟ே㛫ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ឤ᝟ࡀⱆ
ࡁྜ࠺㝿ࡢཎึⓗ࡞⤒㦂ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋ
⏕࠼ࡓࠖࡇ࡜ࢆ⾲ࡍࢩ࣮ࣥࡢࡼ࠺࡟ㄞࡵ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺
࡚ࡃࢀࡿᏑᅾ࡜ࡋ࡚❧ࡕ⌧ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ ஫࠸࡟
࡜ࡇࢁ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡇࡇ࡛࣒ࣞࡀᥥࡇ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ
ࡑࡢᏑᅾࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࡀ඲ࡃ␗࡞ࡿࠊ┦஫⌮ゎࡢవᆅ
ࡢࡣࡼࡶࡸࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢼ࢖࣮ࣈ࡞≀ㄒ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿ
࡞࡝୍ษ࡞࠸᏶඲࡞ࡿࠕ௚⪅ࠖྠኈࡀࠊࡑࢀ࡛ࡶ
ࡲ࠸(21)ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢሙ㠃࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ౫↛࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࢸ
ఱࡽ࠿ࡢᙧ࡛㌟యⓗ࣭✵㛫ⓗ࡞ࠕゐࢀྜ࠸ࠖࢆ⾜
࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡣ⮬ࡽࡢࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡍࡽ඲ࡃ⌮ゎࡋ
࠸࠺ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊࡑࡢ⫼ᚋ࡟ఱࡽ࠿ࡢࠕឤ᝟ࠖ
࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠊࡓࡔࡢ⪁ᮙ໬ࡋࡓࠕᶵᲔ࡛ࠖࡋ࠿࡞࠸
ࡸࠕே᱁ࠖ
ࠊ
ࠕᚰࡢ஺ὶࠖ࡞࡝ࢃࡊࢃࡊ᝿ᐃࡍࡿࡲ
ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࣆࣝࢡࢫ࡜ࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡢ㛫࡟ఱࡢ┦஫
࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃࠊࡑࢀࡔࡅ࡛᪤࡟ᮏ㉁ⓗ࡞ࠕࢃ࠿ࡾ࠶࠸ࠖ
ࠊ
஢ゎࡶᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢ࡜ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࢸ࣑ࣝࢾ
⌮ゎ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸Ꮡᅾࢆࡑࢀ࡛ࡶఱࡽ࠿ࡢᙧ࡛ࠕཷࡅ
ࢫ࡜ࢿࢬ࣑ࡢ㛫࡟ࡶ┦஫⌮ゎࡢవᆅ࡞࡝୍ษᏑ
ධࢀࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡢཎึⓗ࡞ዎᶵࢆࡑࡢෆ࡟Ꮞ
ᅾࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࡑࢀ࡛ࡶࠊࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡀ↓
ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡔ࠿ࡽࡇࡑࠊࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ࡜ࢿ
㔜ຊࡢ୰࡛ࢿࢬ࣑࡜ᡙࢀࡿࢩ࣮ࣥࡣࠊ࡝࠺࠸࠺ࢃ
ࢬ࣑࡜ࡢ㛫ࡢࠕゐࢀྜ࠸ࠖ࡜ࠊࡑࢀࢆ┠ᧁࡍࡿࣆ
ࡅ࠿ࡑࡢወጁ࡞⨾ࡋࡉ࡛ㄞࡴ⪅ࡢ⬚ࢆᡴࡘࠋࡑࡋ
ࣝࢡࢫࡢࢩ࣮ࣥࡣࠊ࠶ࡿ✀ࡢឤືⓗ࡜ࡶゝ࠼ࡿࡼ
࡚ࠊࡑࡢගᬒࢆぢࡘࡵࡿࣆࣝࢡࢫࡶࡲࡓࠊࢸ࣑ࣝ
࠺࡞Ẽᣢࡕࢆㄞࡴ⪅ࡢෆ࡟ࡼࡧ㉳ࡇࡍࡢ࡛࠶ࡗ
ࢾࢫ࡟ᑐࡍࡿࡑࢀࡲ࡛ࡢᅔᝨࢆࡋࡤࡋᛀࢀࠊᛮࢃ
ࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࠗࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ࠘࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡇࡢ⌮ゎ࡜
ࡎࠕ྿ࡁฟࡋࡑ࠺࡟ࠖ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࢩ࣮ࣥ
ཷᐜࡢ≀ㄒࡣࠊ᭱⤊ⓗ࡟ኻᩋ࡟⤊ࢃࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋ
࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣࠊ⌮ゎ୙⬟࡞୙ྍゎ࡞௚⪅ࡢ
≀ㄒࡢ⤊┙ࠊࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡀ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡍ᩿ᮎ㨱ࢆグ
ࡩࡿࡲ࠸ࢆ๓࡟ࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࢆ࡝࠺࠸࠺ࢃࡅ࠿ࠕཷ
㘓ࡋࡓ࣮ࣔࣝࢫಙྕࢆ⪺࠸࡚࠸ࡿ࠺ࡕ࡟ࡘ࠸࡟
ࡅධࢀࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺࠶ࡿ᰿※ⓗ࡞⤒㦂࡬࡜㸦ࢃࡎ࠿
ᡃ៏ฟ᮶࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣࠊ⮬ࡽ࣮ࣔࣝࢫಙ
࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ㸧୍Ṍ㋃ࡳฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ྕࢆᡴࡗ࡚ࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡀ෌⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠕ఍ヰࠖ࡟
J. ࣖࢪ࢙ࣥࣈࢫ࢟ࡣࠊ࣒ࣞసရ࡟࠾࠸࡚ே㛫
௓ධࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋ࡜ࡇࢁࡀࠊࡑࡢࣆࣝࢡࢫࡢ㏦ࡗ
ࡀࠕ௚⪅ࠖࡢᏑᅾࢆ᭱⤊ⓗ࡟ཷࡅධࢀࡿ㝿ࠊࡋࡤ
ࡓಙྕ࡟ࠊ࡞ࢇ࡜ࠕṚ⪅ࠖ࠿ࡽࡢࠕ㏉஦ࠖࡀ㏉ࡗ
ࡋࡤࠕ⨾ⓗ࡞⤒㦂ࠖࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ୺ேබࡀ⌮ゎྍ⬟
࡚ࡁ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣុ↛࡜ࡍࡿࡀࠊ᭱⤊ⓗ
࡞௚⪅ࢆ๓࡟ࡋ࡚ఱࡽ࠿ࡢᙧ࡛ࠕ⨾ࠖࢆឤࡌࡿ࡜
࡟ࡇࢀࡣࠊࡕࡻ࠺࡝ே㛫ࡀ௚ேࢆክ࡟ぢ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ
࠸࠺⤒㦂ࡀࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࠕཷࡅධࢀࠖࡢዎᶵ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚
ே≀࡜ክࡢ୰࡛఍ヰࢆࡍࡿࡢ࡜ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࢸࣝ
࠸ࡿࠊ࡜࠸࠺㔜せ࡞ᣦ᦬ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ
(22)
ࠋࡇࡢᣦ᦬
࣑ࢾࢫࡢ㟁Ꮚ㢌⬻ࡢ୰࡟ఱࡽ࠿ࡢᙧ࡛Ṛ⪅ࡓࡕ
ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡿ࡜ࠊࡇࡢࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ࡜ࢿࢬ࣑ࡢ⨾ࡋ࠸
ࡢࠕᨃఝಶᛶࠖࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࡀグ㘓ࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ
ࢩ࣮ࣥࡣࠊࣆࣝࢡࢫࡀࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡢᏑᅾࢆࠕཷࡅ
ࡓࡢࡔࢁ࠺࡜⤖ㄽ࡙ࡅࡿࠋࠕṚ⪅ࠖࡓࡕ࡜ࡢࠕ఍
ධࢀࡿࠖࡇ࡜࡟᭱ࡶ㏆࡙࠸ࡓ▐㛫ࡔࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠼ࡿ
ヰࠖࢆ⥆ࡅ࡚ࠊᙼࡽࡢṚࡢ≧ἣ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ┿ᐇࢆ᫂
ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋࡶࡗ࡜ࡶḟ❶࡛ぢࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ
ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍ࡭ࡁ࠿ࠋࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣⱞᝎࡍࡿࠋ
᭱⤊ⓗ࡟ࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡢᏑᅾࢆཷࡅධ
ࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟ኻᩋࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢࡔࡀࠋ
㸵ࡴࡍࡧ㸸ࠕ௓ㆤࠖࢆࡵࡄࡿᕼᮃ࡜⤯ᮃ
ᙼࡽ࡟࡞ࢇ࡚ゝ࠼ࡤ࠸࠸ࡢࡔ㸽ྩࡓࡕࡣ᪤
࡟Ꮡᅾࡋ࡞࠸ࡢࡔ࡜࡛ࡶ㸽ྩࡓࡕࡣ༢࡞ࡿᨃ
ఝಶᛶ࡛ࠊ㟁Ꮚ⬻ࡢ୰ࡢᏙ❧ࡋࡓᓥࠊ㟁Ꮚ⬻
ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ぢ࡚ࡁࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ
ࠗࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ࠘࡟࠾ࡅ
ࡀぢࡿᗁ࠿ࡑࡢ②ᨥࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡟㐣ࡂ࡞࠸
ࡿࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡜࠸࠺Ꮡᅾࡣࠊࡑࢀࡀேᕤⓗ࡟సࡽࢀ
ࡢࡔ࡜࡛ࡶ㸽ྩࡓࡕࡢᜍᛧࡣ༢࡞ࡿᜍᛧࡢᶍ
ࡓᏑᅾ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡺ࠼ࡑࡢࠕே᱁ࠖࡸࠕᑛཝࠖ
ೌ࡟㐣ࡂࡎࠊࡲࡓẖኪ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡉࢀࡿྩࡓࡕࡢ
14
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
᩿ᮎ㨱ࡢⱞࡋࡳࡣࠊ᧿ࡾษࢀࡓࣞࢥ࣮ࢻ┙࡯
཯ᢠࡋ⻏㉳ࡋࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࢦ࣮࣒ࣞࡢ⚄ヰ࡟ᛮ࠸
࡝ࡢព࿡ࡋ࠿ᣢࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢࡔ࡜㸽ᙼࡣࡲࡔࠊ
ࢆ㥅ࡏࡓࠋࡑࡢ⚄ヰࡣࠊ඲࡚ࡢ㈐௵ࢆ㈇࠺࡭
⮬ศࡢ㉁ၥ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡉࢀࡓ࠶ࡢࡒࡗ
ࡁே㛫ࡓࡕࡀࠊࡑࡢ㈐௵ࢆᨺᲠ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟
࡜ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᡴᧁࡢ⃭Ⓨࢆ㸦͐͐㸧ぬ࠼࡚࠸
⪃࠼ࡔࡋࡓბ࡞ࡢࡔࠊ࡜ࠋ㸦25㸧
ࡓࠋ
ᙼࡽࡣᏑᅾࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡢ࠿㸽࡛ࡣᙼࢆ࿧ࢇ
ࡇࡇ࡟ࠊ௓ㆤ࡜࠸࠺⤒㦂ࢆࡵࡄࡿ᰿※ⓗ࡞ᅔ㞴ࠊ
ࡔࡢࡣࠊᙼ࡟ຓࡅࢆồࡵࡓࡢࡣㄡࡔࡗࡓࡢ
ኳ⏣ᇛ௓ࡀゝ࠺࡜ࡇࢁࡢࠊ௓ㆤ࡜࠸࠺⤒㦂࡟ෆᅾ
ࡔ㸽ࡑࡋ࡚ࡶࡋ௬࡟ࠊᑓ㛛ᐙࡓࡕࡀ࠶ࡢྉࡧ
ࡍࡿ᰿※ⓗ࡞ࠕᭀຊᛶࠖࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋኳ⏣ᇛ௓ࡣࠊ
ࡣ㟁Ⲵࡢ ࡜ࠊ㔠ᒓᯈࡢ཯㡪࡟ࡼࡗ࡚࿧ࡧ㉳
௓ㆤ࡜࠸࠺⾜Ⅽࢆࡵࡄࡗ࡚஧ࡘࡢࠕᭀຊᛶࠖࡀᏑ
ࡇࡉࢀࡓ᣺ື࡛ࡋ࠿࡞࠸ࡢࡔ࡜ゝࡗࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚
ᅾࡍࡿ࡜ᣦ᦬ࡍࡿࠋࡦ࡜ࡘࡵࡣࠊ➨ 3 ❶ࡢ⤊ࢃࡾ
ࡶࠊࡑࢀࡀ࡝࠺ࡋࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡔ㸽(23)
࡛ゐࢀࡓࡼ࠺࡞ࠊㄆ▱⑕ࢆᝈࡗࡓ㧗㱋⪅ࡀࠊ⮬ศ
⮬㌟ࢆ᰿※ⓗ࡞௚⪅ᛶ࡜ࡋ࡚⤒㦂ࡋࠊࡲࡓࡑࡢࡇ
⓶⫗࡞ࡇ࡜࡟ࠊࣆࣝࢡࢫࡀࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ࡜࠸࠺
࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⮬ࡽ⮬㌟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⮬ࡽࡢ㌟
ࠕ⌮ゎ୙ྍ⬟࡛ࠖࠕ୙ྍゎࠖ࡞㌟యࡢዟᗏ࡟ࠊ஦
࡟㉳ࡇࡗࡓ⤒㦂࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄒࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࡜
ᨾࡢ⏕Ꮡ⪅ࡢࠕᨃఝே᱁ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࠕࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮
࠸࠺ࠊ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࢆࡵࡄࡿࠕ᰿※ⓗᭀຊᛶࠖ
ࢩࣙࣥྍ⬟࡞ࠖᏑᅾࢆぢฟࡋࡓ▐㛫ࠊᙼ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚
࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࡩࡓࡘࡵࡣࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚⮬ࡽ
ࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡢᏑᅾࡣ⪏࠼㞴࠸࡯࡝ࡢⱞ③࡜ᭀຊ
ࢆㄒࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㧗㱋⪅ࡀ௓ㆤࢆࠕཷࡅࡿࠖ
ᛶࢆకࡗ࡚㏕ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࡶࡢ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋࡑࡢ
࡜࠸࠺⤒㦂࡟௜㝶ࡍࡿᭀຊᛶࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ㧗㱋⪅
⤖ᯝࠊ≀ㄒࡢ⤖ᮎ࡛ࣆࣝࢡࢫࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡇ࡜ࡣࠊࢸ
ࡢ࿘ᅖࡢே㛫ࡀࠊࠕ⮬ࡽࡢ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࢆ㑂
࣑ࣝࢾࢫࢆ༢࡞ࡿࠕቯࢀࡓᶵᲔࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ᢅ࠺ࡇ࡜ࠊ
Ᏺࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ㧗㱋⪅ࡢ⤒㦂ࡋࡓฟ᮶஦ࢆ᪤Ꮡࡢ
ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠕ┱୍ࡘື࠿ࡉࡎࠖᗫᲠฎศ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ
ࠑ⾲㇟ࠒ࡬࡜ᅇ཰ࡋᑾࡃࡑ࠺࡜ࡍࡿຊࢆ㧗㱋⪅࡟
(24)
࠺ࡇ࡜ࡔࡅࡔࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ
ࠋ
ぢ᪉ࢆኚ࠼ࢀࡤࠊࡇࡢࣆࣝࢡࢫࡢⱞᝎࡶࡲࡓࠊ
⾜౑ࠖࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡿᭀຊᛶࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ
௓ㆤ⪅ࡀ㧗㱋⪅࡟ࠕᭀຊⓗࠖ࡟ാࡁ࠿ࡅࠊ㧗㱋⪅
࡝ࡇࡲ࡛⾜ࡗ࡚ࡶ⤖ᒁࡣᙼࡢ⊂ࡾ┦᧞࡟㐣ࡂ࡞
ࡀࡑࡢࠕᭀຊࠖࢆࡦࡁ࠺ࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᡂࡾ❧
࠸ࠋࣆࣝࢡࢫ⮬㌟ࡶゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ
ࠕᑓ㛛ᐙࠖ
ࡘࠕࢣ࢔ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ႠࡳࡑࡢࡶࡢࡀᏎࡴᭀຊᛶ࡛࠶
࠿ࡽぢࢀࡤࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡀ㏦ࡾ⥆ࡅࡿࠕ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࠖ
ࡿ(26)ࠋࡇࡢኳ⏣ࡀ㏙࡭ࡿࠕᭀຊᛶࠖ࡜ࡣࠊୖ࡛ᘬ
ࡣ༢࡞ࡿᨾ㞀㸻㞀ᐖ࡟㐣ࡂࡎࠊࡑࢀࡺ࠼ࠕ᧿ࡾษ
⏝ࡋࡓࣆࣝࢡࢫࡢゝⴥࢆ೉ࡾ࡚ゝ࠸┤ࡍ࡜ࡍࢀ
ࢀࡓࣞࢥ࣮ࢻ┙ࠖ࡯࡝ࡢព࿡ࡋ࠿ᣢࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ
ࡤࠊࡲࡉ࡟௓ㆤࡢሙ࡟࠾࠸࡚௓ㆤ⪅ࡀ௓ㆤࡉࢀࡿ
ࡋ࠿ࡋࡔ࠿ࡽࡇࡑࠊࡑࡢࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡀ㏦ࡿ࣓ࢵࢭ
㌟యࢆࠕ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢ≬Ẽࡢཧຍ⪅࡟ࠖࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺
࣮ࢪࠊࡑࡇ࡟ྵࡲࢀࡓṚ⪅ࡓࡕࡢྉࡧࡣࠊࣆࣝࢡ
ࡼ࠺࡞༴㝤ᛶ࡟௚࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸
ࢫࢆ⪏࠼㞴࠸࡯࡝ࡢⱞᝎ࡟ᕳࡁ㎸ࡴࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊࢸ
ࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ
࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡀ⮬ࡽࡢ⾜࠸ࢆ⮬ぬࡋ࡚࡞࠸ࡔࡅ࡟ࠊࣆ
ࡔ࠿ࡽࠊࠗࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ࠘ࡣࠊ௓ㆤࢆࡵࡄࡿࠕᕼ
ࣝࢡࢫ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚వィ࡜⪏࠼㞴࠸ࡶࡢ࡜࡞ࡿࡢ࡛
ᮃࠖࡢ≀ㄒ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ྠ᫬࡟௓ㆤࡢࠕኻᩋࠖ࡟㛵ࡍ
࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡿ≀ㄒ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡢ㌟యࡀ┤᥋ⓗ࣭㌟
యⓗ࡞ࠕ࿧ࡧ࠿ࡅࠖࢆకࡗ࡚ࣆࣝࢡࢫࡢ๓࡟❧ࡕ
ࠝࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣࠞᶵᲔ࡟⨥ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢࡔ࡜⪃࠼ࡓࠋ
⌧ࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ᫬ࠊࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣ┦ᡭࡢᏑᅾࢆࠕ⌮ゎࡣ
ே㛫ࡀᶵᲔ࡟ࡶࡢࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ⬟ຊࢆ୚࠼࡚ࠊࡑ
࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡅࢀ࡝ࡶཷࡅධࢀࡽࢀࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ቃᆅࠊ
ࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᶵᲔࢆ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢ≬Ẽࡢཧຍ⪅࡟
ඛ࡟ゝཬࡋࡓኳ⏣ࡢゝⴥ㐵࠸ࢆ᥼⏝ࡉࡏ࡚ࡶࡽ
ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡢࡔࠋࡲࡓᙼࡣࠊே㛫࡟ᑐࡋ࡚
࠼ࡤࠊ௚⪅࠿ࡽࡢࠕ࿧ࡧ࠿ࡅࠖ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡶࡓࡽࡉ
ᓌҾᅙ≝⇟⇥⇱⇟∕⇻∝−∆↚ⅹↀ↺∓∂⇩⇮↝៲˳⃬ჺዻⅦ⇬∑∅⇲⇟Ⅷ⇁ɶ࣎↚⃬
ࢀࡿ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࡢࠕ⬺⮻ࠖ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㐩ᡂࡉ
ࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ඹྠᛶ (27) ࡬࡜㝈ࡾ࡞ࡃ㏆࡙࠸࡚࠸ࡗ
ࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡦ࡜ࡓࡧࣆࣝࢡࢫࡀࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡢ㌟
యࡀⓎࡍࡿࠕ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࠖࡢ୰࡟ఱࡽ࠿ࡢࠕࢥ࣑
ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥྍ⬟ࠖ࡞ࠕே᱁ࠖࢆㄞࡳྲྀࡾࠊࡑ
ࢀ࡜ࡢᭀຊⓗ࡞㛵ಀᛶ࡟ᕳࡁ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡸ
ྰࡸࠊࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡣᙼ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚⪏࠼㞴࠸ⱞᝎࢆࡶ
ࡓࡽࡍᏑᅾ࡜ࡋ࡚❧ࡕ⌧ࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡟
ࡣࠊᡃࠎࡀ௚⪅ࡢ௓ㆤࢆᚲせ࡜ࡍࡿ㌟య࡟┤㠃ࡋ
ࡓ㝿ࡢࡦ࡜ࡘࡢ㝼㊰ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࣆࣝࢡࢫࡀ
᭱⤊ⓗ࡟ࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࢆ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ࠕቯࢀࡓᶵᲔࠖ࡜
ࡋ࡚ᗫᲠฎศ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠼ࡤࡼ࠿ࡗࡓࡢ࡜ࡣ␗
࡞ࡾࠊ⌧ᐇ࡟ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡀ┤㠃ࡍࡿ⿕௓ㆤ⪅ࡢࠕᨾ
㞀ࡋࡓ㌟యࠖࡣࠊ⡆༢࡟Რ࡚⨨࠸ࡓࡾぢ㝈ࡗ࡚ࡋ
ࡲ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢࡔࠋࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ࡜࠸
࠺ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ㌟యࢆ๓࡟ࡋࡓࣆࣝࢡࢫࡢጼࡣࠊ௓
ㆤ࡜࠸࠺⤒㦂࡟ෆᅾࡍࡿᕼᮃ࡜⤯ᮃࢆᴟ㝈ⓗ࡞
ᙧ࡛ᥥࡁฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺
࠿ࠋ
ࡔ࠿ࡽࠊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡣࠊࢃࢀࢃࢀ࡟
WHUPLQXV
࡜ࡗ࡚ே㛫ᛶ࡜㠀ே㛫ᛶࡢ㛫ࡢࠕቃ⏺ࠖࢆ♧ࡍᏑ
ᅾ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ྠ᫬࡟ࠊ௓ㆤࡉࢀࡿ௚⪅ࡢ㌟య࡟┤㠃
WHUPLQXV
ࡋࡓᡃࠎࡢ೔⌮ᛶࡢࠕ㝈⏺ࠖࢆࡋࡿࡋ࡙ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ
Ꮡᅾ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ࣒ࣞࡀ♧ࡋࡓࣟ࣎ࢵ
ࢺࡢࠕࡲࡲ࡞ࡽࡠ㌟యࠖ࡜ࠊࡑࢀࡀே㛫࡟✺ࡁ௜
ࡅ࡚ࡃࡿᅽಽⓗ࡞Ꮡᅾឤࡣࠊ௒ᚋ㛫㐪࠸࡞ࡃࠕ௓
ㆤࠖ࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࡀࡉࡽ࡟๓ᬒ໬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡃ࡛࠶ࢁ
࠺⌧ᅾࡢ᪥ᮏ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡲࡍࡲࡍࣜ࢔ࣜࢸ࢕ࢆᣢ
ࡗ࡚ㄞࡲࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ
ὀ࣭ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩
㸦1㸧Stanisãaw Lem, OpowieĤci o pilocie Pirxie,
Wydawnictwo Literackie, 1968ࠋ௨ୗࠊᮏస࠿ࡽ
ᘬ⏝ࡍࡿሙྜࡣࠕOPPࠖ࡜␎グࡋࠊཧ↷࣮࣌ࢪ␒
ྕࡣ࣏࣮ࣛࣥࢻㄒ∧ࡣ 1986 ᖺࡢ Wydawnictwo
Literackie ∧࡟ࠊࡲࡓ᪥ᮏㄒ∧ࡣࣁࣖ࢝࣡ SF ᩥ
ᗜ∧㸦ࢫࢱࢽࢫ࣡ࣇ࣭࣒ࣞࠗᏱᐂ㣕⾜ኈࣆࣝࢡࢫ
≀ㄒ࠘ୖୗᕳࠊ῝ぢᙎヂࠊ᪩ᕝ᭩ᡣࠊ2008 ᖺ㸧
࡟‽ᣐࡍࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊᮏ✏࡛ᘬ⏝ࡍࡿヂᩥࡣ඲࡚
15
➹⪅࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
㸦2㸧᪥ᮏ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࣒ࣞཷᐜࡢ࠶ࡾ࠿ࡓࡢᴫほ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ
౛࠼ࡤࠗSF ࣐࢞ࢪࣥ࠘2006 ᖺ 8 ᭶ྕ㸦ࢫࢱࢽࢫ
࣡ࣇ࣭࣒ࣞ㏣᝚≉㞟ྕ㸧཰㘓ࡢྛㄽ⪃ࢆཧ↷ࠋ
㸦3㸧Maãgorzata Szpakowska, Dyskusje ze
Stanisãawem Lemem, Warszawa: Open, 1996:
103.
㸦4㸧ibid., 93.
㸦5㸧Jerzy Jarzčbski, “Pirx i sekrety
czãowieczeęstwa (posãowie),” Stanisãaw Lem,
OpowieĤci o pilocie Pirxie, Kraków:
Wydawnictwo Literackie, 2000: 443-448.
㸦6㸧஭ཱྀ㧗ᚿࠊ
ࠗㄆ▱⑕ᐙ᪘௓ㆤࢆ⏕ࡁࡿ̿̿᪂ࡋ࠸
ㄆ▱⑕ࢣ࢔᫬௦ࡢ⮫ᗋ♫఍Ꮫ࠘ࠊᮾಙᇽࠊ2007 ᖺࠋ
㸦7㸧⩝࿴⨾ࠊ
ࠕㄆ▱⑕ᝈ⪅࡜ࡢࠗ┦஫஢ゎୡ⏺࠘ࡢࠗᵓ
⠏࠘̿̿S ௓ㆤ⪁ேಖ೺᪋タ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠗ᪥ᖖ⏕ά
ୡ⏺࠘࡜ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ໬ᐇ㊶ࠖࠊ
ࠗࢯࢩ࢜ࣟࢪ࠘54(3)ࠊ
37-54 㡫ࠊ2010 ᖺࠋ
㸦8㸧OPP: 94-96; 㑥ヂୖᕳ 155-157 㡫ࠋ
㸦9㸧OPP: 118; 㑥ヂୖᕳ 192 㡫ࠋ
㸦10㸧OPP: 116; 㑥ヂୖᕳ 189 㡫ࠋ
㸦11㸧ኳ⏣ᇛ௓ࠊ
ࠗ
ࠑ⪁࠸⾶࠼ࡺࡃࡇ࡜ࠒࡢ♫఍Ꮫ㹙ቑ
⿵ᨵゞ∧㹛࠘
ࠊከ㈡ฟ∧ࠊ2010 ᖺࠋ
㸦12㸧࣭࢝ࣞࣝࢳࣕ࣌ࢵࢡࠊ
ࠗࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ㸦R.U.R.㸧
࠘ࠊ༓
㔝ᰤ୍ヂࠊᒾἼ᭩ᗑࠊ2003 ᖺࠋ
㸦13㸧࢔࢖ࢨࢵࢡ࣭࢔ࢩࣔࣇࠗࢃࢀࡣࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࠝỴᐃ
∧ࠞ࠘ᑠᑿⰧబヂࠊ᪩ᕝ᭩ᡣࠊ2004 ᖺ㸸5 㡫ࠋవ
ㄯࡔࡀࠊࢫࢱࢽࢫ࣡ࣇ࣭࣒ࣞࡣࡇࡢ࢔ࢩࣔࣇࡢࠕ୕
ཎ๎ࠖࢆᡭཝࡋࡃᢈุࡋࡓࡇ࡜࡛ࡶ᭷ྡ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࣒ࣞࡢᢈุࡢせⅬࡣࠊࡈࡃ⡆༢࡟ゝ࠺࡜ࡇࡢࠕ୕
ཎ๎ࠖࡀㄽ⌮ⓗ࡟▩┪ࢆᏎࢇ࡛࠾ࡾࠊᚑࡗ࡚⌧ᐇ
࡟ࡣỴࡋ࡚࠶ࡾᚓ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡔࠊ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡗ
ࡓࠋStanisãaw Lem, Fantastyka i futurologia
tom 2, Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, 1989.
㸦14㸧Richard Stites, Revolutionary Dreams: Uto-
pian Vision and Experimental Life in the Russian Revolution, New York: Oxford University
Press, 1988: 148.
㸦15㸧࣏࣮ࣛࣥࢻ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕປാ➇தࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ௨
ୗࢆཧ↷ࠋHubert Wilk, Kto wyrĈbie wičcej ode
mnie? Wspóãzawodnictwo pracy robotników w
Polsce w latach 1947 – 1955, Warszawa:
Instytut Historii PAN i Wydawnictwo TRIO,
2011.
㸦16㸧࣒ࣞࡀึࡢ༢⾜ᮏࠗ㔠ᫍᛂ⟅࡞ࡋ࠘Astronauci
ࢆฟ∧ࡋࡓࡢࡣ 1951 ᖺࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ
࣏࣮ࣛࣥࢻ࡛಑࡟ࠕࢫࢱ࣮ࣜࢽࢬ࣒ࠖ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ
ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᩥ໬ࡀᨭ㓄ⓗࡔࡗࡓࡢࡣࠊ㛗ࡃぢ✚ࡶࡗ
࡚ࡶ 1949 ᖺࠥ55 ᖺࡈࢁࡢࡈࡃ▷࠸ᮇ㛫࡟ࡍࡂ࡞
࠸ࠋ
㸦17㸧౛࠼ࡤࠊ࣏࣮ࣛࣥࢻ࡟࠾ࡅࡿປാ➇தࡢࠕ∗ࠖ
࡜ࡶゝ࠼ࡿປാⱥ㞝ࠊࣦ࢕ࣥࢶ࢙ࣥࢸ࢕࣭ࣉࢫࢺ
ࣟࣇࢫ࢟ࡀ⑓Ẽ࡟ࡼࡾᛴṚࡋࡓ㸦1948 ᖺ㸧࡜࠸
࠺ฟ᮶஦ࡣࠊປാ⪅ࡓࡕࡢ㛫࡟ປാ➇தࡢཧຍ࡟
ࡼࡿ೺ᗣ࡬ࡢᝏᙳ㡪ࡢᠱᛕࢆ࿧ࡧ㉳ࡇࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ
ປാ➇த࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࣀ࣐ࣝࡀᘬࡁୖࡆࡽࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ
࠺࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶࠊປാ⪅ࡓࡕࡢ㛫࡟ປാ➇தࡸປ
ാⱥ㞝࡬ࡢᩛពࢆ⏕ࡴせᅉ࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋWilk, op.
cit.: 244, 277-279, 282-284.
㸦18㸧OPP: 127; 㑥ヂୖᕳ 206 㡫ࠋ
㸦19㸧OPP: 128; 㑥ヂୖᕳ 207-208 㡫ࠋ
16
㸦20㸧OPP: 130; 㑥ヂୖᕳ 210 㡫ࠋ
㸦21㸧ࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊࠗ஦ᨾ࠘ࡸࠗ㐠࿨ࡢዪ⚄࠘ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ
ࠗࣆࣝࢡࢫ࠘ࡢ୰࡟ࡣ࠶ࡿព࿡࡛ᶵᲔࡀே㛫ࡢࡼ࠺
࡞ࠕᚰࠖࢆᣢࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺సရࡶᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸
ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ≀ㄒࡣ࣒ࣞ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㏫ㄝⓗ
࡟ࡶࠕே㛫ࠖ࡜ࠕᶵᲔࠖࡢ㛫ࡢ␗㉁ࡉࢆ㝿❧ࡓࡏࡿ
ࡓࡵ࡟⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࣖࢪ࢙ࣥࣈࢫ࢟ࡀᣦ᦬ࡍࡿ
ࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢసရ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᶵᲔࡀே㛫࠿ࡽཷࡅ
⥅࠸ࡔࠕே㛫ᛶࠖࡣࠊᶵᲔ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣࡋࡤࡋࡤ◚⁛
ⓗ࡞༴㝤ࢆᣍࡃࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ᥥ࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
Jarzčbski, op. cit.: 446-447.
㸦22㸧Jerzy Jarzčbski, “Stanislaw Lem, Rationalist
and Visionary,” translated by Franz
Rottensteiner, Science-Fiction Studies 4 (2):
110-126, 1977. ౛࠼ࡤࠊ࣒ࣞࡢ௦⾲స࡛࠶ࡿࠗࢯ
ࣛࣜࢫ࠘ࡢࣛࢫࢺ࡛ࠊ୺ேබࡢࢣࣝࣅࣥࡀࢯࣛࣜࢫ
ࡢࠕᾏࠖࡢ⦕࡟ࡓࡓࡎࡴ⨾ࡋ࠸ࢩ࣮ࣥࡶࠊࡸࡣࡾྠ
ᵝࡢࠕཷࡅධࢀࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡢ᰿※ⓗ࡞ዎᶵࢆᥥ
࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ㄞࡴࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
Stanisãaw Lem, Solaris, Wydawnictwo
Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej, 1961.㸦㸻ࠗࢯ
ࣛࣜࢫ࠘
ࠊ἟㔝඘⩏ヂࠊᅜ᭩ห⾜఍ࠊ2004 ᖺࠋ
㸧
㸦23㸧OPP: 136; 㑥ヂୖᕳ 220-221 㡫ࠋ
㸦24㸧OPP: 136-137; 㑥ヂୖᕳ 222-223 㡫ࠋ
㸦25㸧OPP: 136-137; 㑥ヂୖᕳ 222 㡫ࠋ
㸦26㸧ኳ⏣ࠊ๓ᥖ᭩㸸486-487 㡫ࠋ
㸦27㸧ྠ᭩㸸505 㡫ࠋ
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
ᓌҾᅙ≝⇟⇥⇱⇟∕⇻∝−∆↚ⅹↀ↺∓∂⇩⇮↝៲˳⃬ჺዻⅦ⇬∑∅⇲⇟Ⅷ⇁ɶ࣎↚⃬
17
⃯Disabled Body” of the Robot: Stanisáaw Lem’s “Terminus”
Sho Sugawara≍1
⁅⁠⁡⁢⁥⁛⁥‒ Stanisáaw Lem, one of the most famous Polish writers of the second half of the 20th century,
consistently dealt with the problems of human cognition in his works, questioning the possibility of contact with the incomprehensible “others.” His perspective and consideration are very
suggestive for many contemporary sociological issues, such as the relationship and mutual understanding between a caretaker and caregiver in caring for people with dementia.
From this perspective, this paper examines the representation of the body of the robot in Lem’s
short story “Terminus” and considers the possibility of “acceptance” of the incomprehensible
others. One of the most striking points of this story is that the body of Terminus—a robot—is
presented as the body of an elderly person with dementia, and that Pirx—the protagonist—is
forced to somehow respond to this robot’s “disabled” body. Considering the “responsibility” of
human beings in the face of such a disabled body, this paper presents both the hope and difficulties inherent in the caring for people with dementia.
äääääääääääääääääääää‒
Key words‒……………………………………………………
Stanisáaw Lem, “Terminus”, science fiction, dementia, robot
Ფ1 Faculty of Liberal Arts Kaichi Intarnational University
KAICHI INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Bulletin No.15
19
Tsunehiko Sugiki: Kambala’s Sādhananidhi
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒
‒
Ҿᓸᛯ૨‒
Sādhananidhi ̿ Critical Editions of the Sanskrit
and Tibetan Texts of Chapters from 4 to 7
‒
Kambala’s
Tsunehiko Sugiki*
⁅⁠⁡⁢⁥⁛⁥‒ This paper intends to provide the first critical editions of Sanskrit and Tibetan texts of
the fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh chapters of the Sādhananidhi ("A Store of Sādhana
Practices") composed by Kambala, as well as a preliminary analysis of the contents of
these chapters, as part of a comprehensive study of the Cakrasaṃvara Buddhist literature
in medieval South Asia. Kambala's Sādhananidhi is a commentary on the
Herukābhidhānatantra. The fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh chapters of Kambala’s
Sādhananidhi are commentaries on the fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh chapters of the
Herukābhidhāna, respectively. The Major topics of these chapters are the visualization
practice of the twenty-four couples of male and female deities in one’s body, the funda-
mental mantra, and the visualization practice of the six armor deities for protecting
oneself.
äääääääääääääääääääää‒
‽⁗⁩⁡⁤⁖⁥‒ ääääääääääääääääääää
Kambala, Sādhananidhi, Cakrasaṃvara, Herukābhidhāna, Buddhist Tantra
Introduction
This paper intends to provide the first critical editions of Sanskrit and Tibetan texts of the
fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh chapters of the Sādhananidhi ("A Store of Sādhana Practices")1 composed by Kambala, as well as a preliminary analysis of the contents of these
chapters, as part of a comprehensive study of the Cakrasaṃvara (or -śaṃvara) Buddhist
literature in medieval South Asia.
Kambala's Sādhananidhi is a commentary on the Herukābhidhānatantra (abbrev.
2015 ࠰ 9 உ 23 ଐӖྸ
ǫȳȐȩ˺ƀ঺‫ݼ‬ඥƷᔺࡉƁÜÜᇹ 4᳸7 ᇘƷǵȳǹǯȪȃȈᛖȷȁșȃȈᛖఄᚖȆǭǹȈÜÜ
*ᮡᮌᜏᙪ 㛤ᬛᅜ㝿኱Ꮫࣜ࣋ࣛࣝ࢔࣮ࢶᏛ㒊
1
The available Sanskrit manuscripts give the title Sādhananidhi to this work. However, according to
the Tibetan translations that I used for the present edition, the title of this work is sGrub pa'i thabs kyi
gleng gzhi and the translators’ transcription of its Sanskrit title is Sādhananidāna. I use the title given in
the Sanskrit manuscripts in this paper.
20
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌‒
Herukābhidhāna), which is also named Cakrasaṃvara or Laghusaṃvara. 2 The
Herukābhidhāna is the earliest Tantra in the Cakrasaṃvara Buddhist tradition and was
probably compiled in the eastern area of the Indian subcontinent sometime between the
ninth and tenth centuries.3 The fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh chapters of Kambala’s
Sādhananidhi are commentaries on the fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh chapters of the
Herukābhidhāna, respectively.
1. Employed Materials
There are two Sanskrit manuscripts (abbrev. Skt ms(s).) of Kambala’s Sādhananidhi that
are available in National Archives in Kathmandu:
A: Nepal-German Manuscript Preservation Project (abbrev. NGMPP) no. B31/20,
National Archives in Kathmandu. Palm leaf (73 folios). No date (because the final leaf that contains a colophon is missing).4 Chapter 4: 12r3-13r5. Chapter 5:
13r5-13r7. Chapter 6: 13r7-13v6. Chapter 7: 13v6-14r1.
B: NGMPP no. E2990/15, National Archives in Kathmandu. Palm leaf (Fragment: 2
folios). No date.
I used manuscript (A) for the present edition. Manuscript (B) is a fragment. The two
leaves that are available do not contain parts explaining chapters from 4 to 7. For this reason, I did not use manuscript (B) in this paper, the purpose of which is to provide critical
editions of chapters from 4 to 7. It is reported by Szántó that some of this text (whose authorship is, however, attributed to Devagupta5) survive in Skt Ms Goettingen Xc 14/30.6
This is not used in this edition.
2
This Tantra is named Herukābhidhāna in every chapter, and is also named Śrīcakrasaṃvara in chapter
fifty-one, the final chapter, according to the extant Sanskrit manuscripts of this Tantra [Sugiki (2008
[2010])]. Sanskrit manuscripts of the Ḍākārṇavatantra indicate this Tantra by the name Laghusaṃvara
[Sugiki (2007) 17 and 20 (note 4)]. The title Laghusaṃvara is also assigned to this Tantra by the Tibetan
translators of it.
3 The date of compilation of the Herukābhidhāna has been analyzed and discussed in Gray (2007)
11-14, Szántó (2008) 216-217, Sanderson (2009) 158-165, Sugiki (2010) 507-510, and Gray (2012)
3-19. As for the place of compilation, see Sanderson (2009) 165-169.
4
I would like to express my thanks to Professor Harunaga Isaacson, who informed me of the existence
of Sanskrit manuscript (A) in National Archives in Kathmandu when I was in Oxford from 1998 to
1999.
5 Devagupta composed a commentary on the Herukābhidhāna (whose Tibetan translation is available
[D, Tohoku University Catalogue no. 1407]). It is similar to Kambala’s and can be considered to have
been compiled in dependence on Kambala’s. As for Devagupta’s commentary, see also Gray (2007) 23.
In the present paper, whose chief purpose is to make a Sanskrit edition of Kambala’s Sādhananidhi, I do
not report readings in Devagupta’s commentary (because only its Tibetan translation is available to me).
I would like to present a detailed study of textual relationship between these two works in the future.
6
Szántó (2012) 249.
Tsunehiko Sugiki: Kambala’s Sādhananidhi
21
The Tibetan translations (abbrev. Tib.) that I used for the edition are as follows:
D: Tohoku University Catalogue no. 1401. The Tanjur division of the sDe dge edition
of the Tibetan Tripiṭaka. Chapter 4: 14r1-14v3. Chapter 5: 14v3-14v6. Chapter 6:
14v6-15r6. Chapter 7: 15r6-15v1.
P: Otani University Catalogue no. 2118. The Tanjur division of the Peking edition of
the Tibetan Tripiṭaka. Chapter4: 88r1-89r7. Chapter 5: 89r7-89v3. Chapter 6:
89v3-90r4. Chapter 7: 90r4-90r6.
N: Vol. cha, 7, 67a-149a (No. 119) of the Narthang edition of the Tibetan Tripiṭaka
deposited in the library of the University of Tokyo. Chapter 4: 80v3-82r2. Chapter 5: 82r2-82r6. Chapter 6: 82r6-82v6. Chapter 7: 82v6-83r1.
I used the sDe dge version (D) as the base text for edition because it preserves better
readings. However, D is devoid of leaves (13a and 13b) that are supposed to contain parts
from the beginning of the fouth chapter up to the passage laṃ laṃ pā ka zhes bya ba phrag
par ni rdo rje bzang po dang of paragraph [4.8]. Hence, with regard to these sentences, the
edition is based only on P and N.
Many passages in the fourh chapter of the Sādhananidhi [4.4-14] closely resemble
those found in the fourteenth chapter of the Vajraḍākatantra (abbrev. Vajraḍāka) [Sanskrit
edition (abbrev. Skt ed.): Sugiki (2003a), 14.16-19] and Kṛṣṇācārya’s Śrīcakrasaṃvarasādhana (abbrev. Cakrasaṃvarasādhana) [Skt ed.: Sugiki (2000), 35-37]. Most teachings
given in the six chapter of the Sādhananidhi [6.2-6.9] can be considered to the same in
content as those found in its second chapter [my unpublished Skt ed., 2.24-25, Skt ms. (A),
9b3-10a3]. In order to edit the Sanskrit text of the Sādhananidhi, I draw on Sanskrit editions of those three works in which parallel words or passages are found. The parallel
words or passages found in those works are noted in the Notes (Sanskrit Parallels) of the
present paper.
There are two critical editions of Sanskrit and Tibetan texts of the Herukābhidhāna:
(1) Janardan Shastri Pandey, Śrīherukābhidhānam Cakrasaṃvaratantram with the Vivṛti
Commentary of Bhavabhaṭṭa, Vols. I and II (Sarnath: Central Institute of Higher Tibetan
Studies, 2002) and (2) David B. Gray, The Cakrasamvara Tantra (The Discourse of Śrī
Heruka): Editions of the Sanskrit and Tibetan Texts (New York: The American Institute of
Buddhist Studies, Columbia University Center for Buddhist Studies and Tibet House US,
2012). I used Gray’s edition.
2. Peculiarities of Meter and Sandhi
All verses in the edited chapters can be considered to be śloka (verse no. 2c in 4.15 is
22
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌‒
na-vipulā [although hypermetrical] and others are basically pathyā), but the metrical rule
is not always strictly followed. Overs or shorts of syllable, the omission or addition of a
pāda, and the reverse of the order of odd and even pādas often occur in verses in Buddhist
Tantric scriptures.7 Verses found in the Sādhananidhi are not exceptions. In the edition, I
have indicated hypermetrical pādas and hypometrical pādas by signs “e” and “o,” respectively. I have shown the omission or addition of a pāda and the reverse of the order of odd
and even pādas by “◊” (representing the place of pāda division).
As for the sandhi rules, in the fourth chapter of the Sādhananidhi, initial and last
letters of personal names of deties, initial and last letters of names of holy sites, seed letters (bīja), and the last letter of a word that comes before the names of deities and holy
sites and seed letters are released from the rules. The same peculiarities occur in parallel
passages found in the Vajraḍāka and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (as for the parallels, see also
Note (Sanskrit Parallels)). Since we can not rule out a possibility that the peculiarities are
inherent to the passages shared by the three works, I have not applied the classical sandhi
rules to these cases. (The peculiarities may occur to make the names of deities and sites
and seed letters clearer.) For example, bhrūmadhye rāmeśvare amitābha-kharvarī asthimālāvahā (4.5) for bhrūmadhye rāmevare ’mitābha-kharvary asthimālāvahā. Its paralles found in the Vajraḍāka (14.17) and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (35) are rāmeśvare
amitābha-kharvarī asthimālāvahā and rāmeśvare bhrūmadhye amitābha-kharvarī asthimālāvahā, respectively.
3. Editorial Policy and Conventions
As mentioned earlier, the Sādhananidhi is a commentary on the Herukābhidhāna. Words
that are quoted from the Herukābhidhāna, or pratīka, in the Sanskrit Sādhananidhi (and
equivalent words in its Tibetan translation) are indicated in italics with the signs and
numbers that represent the locations of those words in the Herukābhidhāna of Gray’s edition [Gray (2012)]. For example, “tato ḍākinyo bhuvanāni vijṛmbhayantī-(HA 4.1ab)-ti” in
the Sanskrit Sādhananidhi [4.1] means that the italicized words tato ḍākinyo bhuvanāni
vijṛmbhayanti are quoted from HA 4.1ab, namely, the verse no. 1ab (viz., the first and second pādas of the first verse) of the fourth chapter in the Herukābhidhāna (HA) of Gray’s
edition. If the words are quoted from prose sentences, I have indicated them by page and
line numbers. For example, “'dir (HA 5, p. 68, l. 11) zhes bya ba” in the Tibetan
Sādhananidhi [5] means that the word ’dir is quoted from line 11 on page 68, in the fifth
chapter, of the Herukābhidhāna (HA) of Gray’s edition.
Signs used for the critical apparatus (both in Sanskrit and Tibetan texts) are as fol7
With regard to the metrical irregularities found in the Buddhakapālatantra (a Buddhist Tantric scripture), see Luo (2010) xliii-xliv.
Tsunehiko Sugiki: Kambala’s Sādhananidhi
23
lows:
ac
add.
ante correction
added in
cf.
conj.
corr.
em.
m.c.
confer
conjecture
correction of orthographical variants
emendation
metri causa
n.e.
om.
pc
r
v
no equivalent in
omitted in
post correction
recto
verso
◊
marks pāda division (pāda ◊ is odd pāda, and ◊ pāda is even
pāda)
hypermetrical pāda
pādae
pādao
hypometrical pāda
..
.
++
an akṣara illegible due to blurring
part(s) of an akṣara illegible due to blurring
an akṣara illegible due to damage of leaf
+
’
‹›
{}
{{ }}
<>
part(s) of an akṣara illegible due to damage of leaf
avagraha (in Sanskrit)
contain akṣaras added in manuscript
contain akṣaras cancelled by means of small stroke(s)
contain akṣaras cancelled by erasure
contain emendational additions
ʘ
˅
string-hole
kākapāda added at the top of the line
/
//
¦
*word(s)
daṇḍa or shad
dvidaṇḍa or nyis shad
line-filling sign (broken daṇḍa)
Sanskrit word(s) reconstructed from Tibetan translation
I have marked accepted readings by a lemma sign ‘]’. This is followed by information of how the readings were decided and by variant reading(s). For example, “pada<ṃ> ] em.; pada A” in the Sanskrit Sādhananidhi [4.2] means: “The accepted reading
‘padaṃ’ is an emendation (em.) of A’s reading ‘pada’.”
Punctuation as well as division into verses or paragraphs is editorial. The used
24
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌‒
punctuation marks are daṇḍas, double daṇḍas, and commas. (In Sanskrit prose passages, I
have used double daṇḍas at the end of a paragraph.) I have not reported conventional
daṇḍas except for those suggesting a different syntactical interpretation. I have consistently applied the classical rules of sandhi except for cases that I mentioned earlier and
cases in which the rules are not applied to accommodate the meter. Orthographical variants that I have not reported are: gemination of consonants after –r, degemination of t before –v, nonoccurrence of avagraha, and nonapplication (or misapplication) of sandhi, except for those suggesting a possibility of different interpretation. However, when they appear in the apparatus, I have noted them.
4. Major Topics in the Edited Chapters of the Sādhananidhi
The contents of the fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh chapters of the Herukābhidhāna can be
summarized as follows. The fourth chapter, titled “Unity of Vīras and Yoginīs”
(vīrayoginyadvaya, Skt ed., p. 68, l. 6), teaches names of twenty-four Ḍākinīs, or magical
female beings, and their mantras (mantra). The fifth chapter, titled “Extraction of letters of
the fundamental mantra” (mūlamantrasyākṣaroddhāra, Skt ed., p. 77, l. 5), and the seventh
chapter, titled “Extraction of the mantra” (mantroddhāra, Skt Ed, p. 89, l. 5), expound letters that constitute the fundamental mantra (mūlamantra).8 The sixth chapter, titled “Extraction of the armor of six Vīras” (ṣaḍvīrakavacoddhāra, Skt ed., p. 78, l. 7), mainly explains the six armor mantras of Vīras (heroes).
Most chapters of Kambala’s Sādhananidhi are more than literal commentaries on the
Herukābhidhāna: Kambala often utilizes various ideas or teachings that do not appear (or
are only briefly mentiond) in the Herukābhidhāna in order to elucidate implied meanings
8
The fundamental mantra is also taught in the twenty-fifth chapter of the Herukābhidhāna. The fundamental mantra is as follows: oṃ namo bhagavate vīreśāya mahākalpāgnisaṃnibhāya jaṭāmakuṭotkaṭāya daṃṣṭrākarālograbhīṣaṇamukhāya sahasrabhujabhāsurāya paraśupāśodyataśūlakhaṭvāṃgadhāriṇe vyāghrājināmbaradharāya mahādhūmrāndhakāravapuṣāya kara kara kuru kuru bandha bandha
trāsaya trāsaya kṣobhaya kṣobhaya hrauṃ hrauṃ hraḥ hraḥ pheṃ pheṃ phaṭ phaṭ daha daha paca paca
bhakṣa bhakṣa vaśarudhirāntramālāvalambine gṛhṇa gṛhṇa saptapātālagatabhujaṃgasarpaṃ vā tarjaya
tarjaya ākaṭṭa ākaṭṭa hrīṃ hrīṃ jñauṃ jñauṃ kṣmāṃ kṣmāṃ hāṃ hāṃ hīṃ hīṃ hūṃ hūṃ kili kili sili sili
cili cili dhili dhili hūṃ hūṃ phaṭ. In his Sādhananidhi, Kambala comments that the former half of this
mantra from namo bhagavate to mahādhūmrāndhakāravapuṣāya (before kara kara), in which eight features of the lord are recited, is named “Eight pada mantra” (aṣṭapadamantra) [5]. The mantra can be
translated as follows: “Oṃ. Salute to the lord, who is the ruler of vīras; who has the appearance of the
great fire at the end of a kalpa, who wears the crest of twisted hair, who looks violent and horrible with
his mouth open to show the tusks, who is shining with one thousand arms, who holds up an axe and a
rope and has a spear and a khaṭvāṅga staff, who wears a garment of the skin of a tiger, and who is marvelously beautiful like the great smoke-colored darkness. Kara kara. Kuru kuru [or “Do, do”]. Bind,
bind. Frighten, frighten. Shake, shake. Hrauṃ hrauṃ. Hraḥ hraḥ. Pheṃ pheṃ. Phaṭ phaṭ. Burn, burn.
Roast, roast. Eat, eat. For [you who] cling to the fat, blood, and entrails. Grasp, grasp. Or, threaten,
threaten the snakes residing in the seven underworlds. Heap, heap. Hrīṃ hrīṃ. Jñauṃ jñauṃ. Kṣmāṃ
kṣmāṃ. Hāṃ hāṃ. Hīṃ hīṃ. Hūṃ hūṃ. Kili kili. Sili sili. Cili cili. Dhili dhili. Hūṃ hūṃ phaṭ.”
25
Tsunehiko Sugiki: Kambala’s Sādhananidhi
of passages in the Herukābhidhāna. Let us overview those teachings that appear in the
fourth, and sixth chapters of Kambala’s Sādhananidhi. (The fifth and seventh chapters are
literal commentaries.)
Internalized twenty-four couples of Vīra and Ḍākinī [4.1-4.14]
Kambala interprets the passages mentioning the names of twenty-four Ḍākinīs in the
fourth chapter of the Herukābhidhāna [4.1-4.3] as explaining a contemplation of the
twenty-four couples of Vīra (i.e., male deity) and Ḍākinī (or Vīreśvarī, i.e., female deity)
residing in twenty-four areas of one’s body. The twenty-four body areas are equated with
the twenty-four external holy sites, where the twenty-four couples are believed to reside.
The twenty-four Vīras take the form of various components that constitute one’s body. The
twenty-four Ḍākinīs assume the form of twenty-four inner channels (nāḍī) in one’s body.
The inner channels (viz., the Ḍākinīs) run through the twenty-four body areas (viz., inner
holy sites), and deliver, or are linked to, the body components (viz., the Vīras). The contemplation starts with the visualization of twenty-four letters that are indicative of the
twenty-four holy sites. Each of the letters is the initial syllable of the name of each holy
site with ṃ (anusvāra) attached. For example, the letter that indicates the holy site named
Pullīramalaya is Puṃ. A practitioner visualizes the letters on particular areas of his body
in order. TABLE 1 shows details of the instruction. The twenty-four holy sites are grouped
into ten site categories such as the Pīṭhe, Upapīṭha, and so on.
TABLE 1
Internal Forms of Twenty-four Couples of Vīra and Ḍākinī
Letters
Body ar-
Holy sites
eas
Couples of
Body components
Vīra&Ḍākinī
Pīṭha
1
Puṃ
Head
Pullīramalaya
Khaṇḍakapālin&
Pracaṇḍā
Fingernails and
teeth
2
Jāṃ
Top of
the head
Jālandhara
Mahākaṅkāla&
Caṇḍākṣī
Head hair and
body hair
3
Oṃ
Right ear Oḍḍiyāna
Kaṅkāla&
Prabhāvatī
Skin and scurf
4
Aṃ
Back of
the head
Arbuda
Vikaṭadaṃṣṭrin& Flesh
Mahānāsā
Left ear
Godāvarī
Surāvairin&
Upapīṭha
5
Goṃ
Vīramatī
Muscle
26
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌‒
6
Rāṃ
Between
the eyebrows
Rāmeśvara
Amitābha&
Kharvarī
Bones
7
Deṃ
Eyes
Devīkoṭa
Vajraprabha&
Laṅkeśvarī
Liver
8
Māṃ
Roots of
arms
Mālava
Vajradeha&
Drumacchāyā
Heart
Armpits
Kāmarūpa
Aṅkurika&
Eyes
Kṣetra
9
Kāṃ
Airāvatī
10
Oṃ
Breasts
Oḍra
Vajrajaṭila&
Mahābhairavā
Bile
Upakṣetra
11
Triṃ
Navel
Triśakuni
Mahāvīra&
Vāyuvegā
Lung
12
Koṃ
Tip of
the nose
Kausala
(= Kosala)
Vajrahūṃkāra&
Surābhakṣī
Intestines
Chandoha
13
Kaṃ
Mouth
Kaliṅga
Subhadra&
Śyāmādevī
Lines of ribs
14
Laṃ
Throat
Lampāka
Vajrabhadra&
Subhadrā
Stomach
Upacchandoha
15
Kaṃ
Heart
Kāñcī
Mahābhairava&
Hayakarṇā
Feces
16
Hiṃ
Penis
Himālaya
Virūpākṣa&
Middle of the
Khagānanā
hair parting
Mahābala&
Phlegm
Melāpaka
17
Preṃ
Genital
Pretādhivāsinī
organ
18
Gṛṃ
Cakravegā
Anus
Gṛhadevatā
Ratnavajra&
Khaṇḍarohā
Pus
Upamelāpaka
19
Sauṃ
Thighs
Saurāṣṭra
Hayagrīva&
Śauṇḍinī
Blood
20
Suṃ
Shanks
Suvarṇadvīpa
Ākāśagarbha&
Cakravarmiṇī
Sweat
27
Tsunehiko Sugiki: Kambala’s Sādhananidhi
Śmaśāna
21
Naṃ
Toes
Nagara
Śrīheruka&
Suvīrā
Fat
22
Siṃ
Soles
Sindhu
Padmanarteśvara&
Mahābalā
Tears
Upaśmaśāna
23
Maṃ
Big toes
Maru
Vairocana&
Cakravartinī
Saliva
24
Kuṃ
Knees
Kulatā
Vajrasattva&
Mahāvīryā
Snivel
Kambala’s instructuion summarized above is in accordance with the general ideas on
the internal mandala (maṇḍala) of twenty-four holy sites that can be found in many scriptures belonging to the Cakrasaṃvara Buddhist tradition.9 Of those scriptures, teachings
found in the fourteenth chapter of the Vajraḍākatantra and in Kṛṣṇācārya’s Cakrasaṃvarasādhana can be considered to be most closely related to Kambala’s instruction [See Note
(Sanskrit Parallels) of the present paper].
Visualization of the six armor seals [6.2-6.9 and 2.24-2.25]
This is also a quite popular practice in the Cakrasaṃvara Buddhist tradition. A
practitioner visualizes the six armor seals (kavacamudrā)10 on particular areas of his body
to protect himself from evils. The six seals mean six deities, whose major function is protection and who are respectively named Vajrasattva, Vairocana, Padmanarteśvara, Heruka,
Vajrasūrya, and Paramāśvavajra (or Paramāśva according to Tib: rta mchog, which is more
general). Each deity has his own consort female deity. Although the visualization practice
of the six armor deities are taught (or mentioned) in chapters 6, 8, and 13 in the
Herukābhidhāna, Kambala expounds the practice in chapter 6 [6.2-6.9] of his
Sādhananidhi. He also explains a visualization practice of the six armor deities in chapter
2 [2.24-2.25: See Note (Sanskrit Parallels)], which can be considered to be the same in
content. Details of the practice of armor deities taught in chapters 2 and 6 can be summarized as follows:
All six armor deities have one face with three eyes and a tuft of hair at the top. The
face is ugly with fearsome tusks, and a cloth ornament is attached to the tuft of hair. They
all have four arms and hold a bell (ghaṇṭā) with their first left hand, a staff (khaṭvāṅga)
with a skull bowl (kapāla) with their second left hand, and a drum (ḍamaru) with their
9
As for forms and types of the internal mandala and their history in the Cakrasaṃvara Buddhist tradition, see Sugiki (2003b), and Sugiki (2007) 135-192.
10
The word “six armor seals” (kavacamudrā) appears in chapter 2 of the Sādhananidhi [2.24].
28
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌‒
second right hand. They are adorned with all good ornaments, stand in the Alidha (ālīḍha)
posture, and wear an Akṣobhya crown. Features differing between the six deities are as
follows:
(1) Vajrasattva is visualized at the heart. His seed letters and symbol are Oṃ Ha and
a Vajra (vajra), respectively. He is white in color. With his first right hand he holds a Vajra
while embracing Vārāhī, who is red.
(2) Vairocana is visualized in the head. His seed letters and symbol are Namaḥ Hi
and a disk (cakra). He is yellow in color. With his first right hand he holds a disk while
embracing Yāminī, who is dark blue.
(3) Padmanarteśvara is visualized on the top of the head. His seed letters and symbol
are Svāhā Hu and a lotus (padma). He is red in color. With his first right hand he holds a
lotus while embracing Mohanī, who is white.
(4) Heruka is visualized on the shoulders. His seed letters and symbol are Vauṣaṭ He
and a Vajra. He is dark blue in color. With his first right hand he holds a dark blue Vajra
whose mouth is wide open (nīlakarālavajra). With the same hand he embraces Saṃcālanī,
who is green.
(5) Vajrasūrya is visualized in the eyes. His seed letters and symbol are Hūṃ Hūṃ
Ho and a jewel (ratna). He is red (like molten gold) in color. With his first right hand he
holds a jewel while embracing Saṃtrāsanī, who is gray (or is of light color like the sky).11
(6) Paramāśvavajra is visualized in the forehead permeating all limbs of the body. 12
His seed letters and symbol are Phaṭ Haṃ and a crossed Vajra (viśvavajra). He is green in
color. With his first right hand he holds a crossed Vajra while embracing Caṇḍikā, who is
gray.
The six consort female deities mentioned above (i.e., Vārāhī, Yāminī, Mohanī,
Saṃcālanī, Saṃtrāsanī, and Caṇḍikā) have one face with three eyes and are complete with
four arms. They are naked, with their hair unbound, and are adorned with the five symbols
(pañcamudrā). With their first two hands they hold a drum (right) and a bell (left). With
their second two hands they hold a knife (karttikā) (right) and a staff with a skull bowl
(left). 13
11
Saṃtrāsanī is gray according to chapter 2 [2.24] and is of light color like the sky according to chapter 6 [6.7].
12
Paramāśvavajra is described as permeating all limbs of the body in chapter 2 [2.24] and is taught to
be visualized in the forehead in chapter 6 [6.8].
13
Chapter 2 futher teaches that the same six armor female deities ― separate from their consort male
deities ― are then visualized on areas of the body (probably the body areas of the practitioner’s female
partner for her protection): (1) Vajravārāhī (transformed from the seed letters Oṃ Vaṃ) at the navel
area; (2) Yāminī (from Hāṃ Yoṃ) at the heart; (3) Mohanī (from Hrīṃ Moṃ) in the mouth; (4)
Saṃcālanī (from Hreṃ Hrīṃ) in the head; (5) Saṃtrāsanī (from Hūṃ Hūṃ) on the top of the head; and
(6) Caṇḍikā (from Phaṭ Phaṭ) permeating all limbs of the body [2.27]. This is not taught in chapter 6.
Features of the six armor female deities are also explained in chapter 8 [Skt ms (A), 16a6-b5].
However, with regard to the features of Vārāhī, chapter 8 gives a different explanation. In chapter 8 she
has three faces and six arms.
29
Tsunehiko Sugiki: Kambala’s Sādhananidhi
5. Sanskrit and Tibetan Editions of Chapter 4
tato ḍākinyo bhuvanāni vijṛmbhayantī-(HA 4.1ab)-ti / tatra bhuvanāni sarvanāḍyāni,
teṣu vividham āropaṇaṃ vijṛmbhaṇaṃ pīṭhavīravīreśvarīṇām ity arthaḥ / [4.1]
/ de nas mkha' 'gro ma rnams kyis // sa rnams la ni rol pa ste /(HA 4.1ab) zhes bya ba
de la / sa rnams ni rtsa rnams thams cad de / de rnams su rol pa ni gnas rnams su dpa' bo
dang dpa' mo'i dbang phyug ma rnams rnam pa sna tshogs kyis gtsubs shing gnas so zhes
bya ba'i don no // [4.1]
**********
mahāvīrye-(HA 4.1c)-ti padaṃ viparyāsena draṣṭavyam iti / 14 cittacakram āditaḥ,
pracaṇḍām āditaḥ, anulomavilomena, nyāsa evaṃ prakurvīta / vākkāyacakrayor yāvan
mahāvīryāntāḥ pratiṣṭhitāḥ /15 [4.2]
brtson chen (HA 4.1c) zhes bya ba ni go bzlog pa'i tshig tu blta bar bya ste / thog mar thugs
kyi 'khor lo la rab tu gtum mo dang por sbyar nas /16 lugs su 'byung ba dang lugs las bzlog
pa dgod cing rab tu sprul pa / de ltar gsung dang sku'i 'khor lo la yang ji srid brtson chen
ma'i mthar thug pa rnams rab tu gnas pa'o // [4.2]
**********
yathā bāhyaṃ tathādhyātmaṃ ◊ kāyavākcittamadhyataḥ //1//17 [4.3]
/ sku gsung thugs kyi dbus su ni / ji ltar phyi rol nang de bzhin /1/
zhes pa / [4.3]
**********
tatra ̿ puṃ, śirasi pullīramalaye khaṇḍakapālinaḥ pracaṇḍā nakhadantavahā /18 jāṃ,
śikhāyāṃ jālandhare mahākaṅkāla-caṇḍākṣī keśaromavahā /19 oṃ, dakṣiṇakarṇe oḍḍiyāne
14
iti ] A; n.e. Tib. pada<ṃ> ] em.; pada A.
-cakrayor ] A; 'khor lo la yang Tib. mahāvīryāntā<ḥ> pratiṣṭhitā<ḥ> ] conj. (ji srid brtson chen ma'i
mthar thug pa rnams rab tu gnas pa'o Tib); mahāvīryāntā pratiṣṭhitaṃ A.
16
rab tu gtum mo ] em.; rab tu gtum pa DPN.
17
zhes pa add. Tib.
18
<puṃ> ] em. (puṃ Tib, but pu in both P and N); om. A. -vahā ] em.; vāhā A. cf. -vahā Vajraḍāka
(14.16) and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (35).
19
mahākaṅkāla- ] em.; mahākaṅkālaś A. cf. mahākaṅkāla- Vajraḍāka (14.16) and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (35). -roma- ] corr.; loma A. cf. -roma- Vajraḍāka (14.16) and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana
15
30
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌‒
kaṅkāla-prabhāvatī tvaṅmalavahā / 20 aṃ, pṛṣṭhavaṃśe arbude vikaṭadaṃṣṭri-mahānāsā
piśitavahā /21 pīṭham /22 [4.4]
de la / puṃ pu llī ra ma la ya zhes mgo bor ni thod pa'i dum bu can dang rab tu gtum
ma ste /23 so dang sen mo 'bab pa'o // dzāṃ dzā la ndha ra zhes bya ba'i spyi gtsug tu ni
keng rus chen po dang gtum mig ma ste / skra dang spu 'bab pa'o // auṃ au ḍi yā na zhes
bya ba ni rna ba g'yas par keng rus dang 'od ldan ma ste /24 pags pa dang dri ma 'bab pa'o //
aṃ a rbu da zhes bya ba rgyab kyi char ni mche ba rnam par gtsigs pa dang sna chen mo
ste /25 sha 'bab pa / gnas so // [4.4]
**********
goṃ, vāmakarṇe godāvarī surāvairi-vīramatī naharuṃ vahati sarvadā /26 rāṃ, bhrūmadhye
rāmeśvare amitābha-kharvarī asthimālāvahā / 27 deṃ, cakṣuyor devīkoṭe vajraprabhalaṅkeśvarī bukkaṃ vahati / 28 māṃ, bāhumūle mālave vajradeha-drumacchāyā
hṛnmaṇḍajāvahā /29 upapīṭham //30 [4.5]
(35).
kaṅkā<la>-prabhāvatī ] em. (keng rus dang 'od ldan ma Tib); kaṃkāprabhāmatī A. prabhāvatī for
prabhāmatī Herukābhidhāna (4.4). cf. kaṅkālaprabhāvatī Vajraḍāka (14.16) and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana
(35).
21
pṛṣṭhavaṃśe ] em. (rgyab kyi char Tib); pādapṛṣṭhavaṃśe A. arbude ] em.; arbuda A. cf. arbude
Vajraḍāka (14.16) and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (35). vikaṭadaṃṣṭri- ] em.; vikaṭadaṃṣṭriṇa A. cf.
vikaṭadaṃṣṭri- Vajraḍāka (14.16) and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (35). piśitavahā ] em. (sha 'bab pa Tib);
pittav{i}hā Aac; pittavahā Apc. In A, a letter hrī is noted below the letter pi of pitta. cf. piśitavahā Vajraḍāka (14.16) and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (35).
22
pīṭha<m> ] em.; pīṭha A. cf. pīṭha Vajraḍāka (14.16).
23
pu<ṃ> ] em.; pu PN. pu llī ra ma la ya ] em.; pu lli ra ma la yar PN.
24
au<ṃ> ] em.; au PN. au ḍi yā na ] corr.; au ḍi yā ṇi P; au ḍi yā ne N.
25
a<ṃ> ] em.; a PN.
26
go<ṃ> ] em.; go A. surāvairi- ] conj.; surāvairiṇa A; lha'i dgra Tib. cf. surāvairi- (surāvairiṇa in
both Tokyo Skt ms and Kolkata Skt ms) Vajraḍāka (14.16) and (surāveriṇa in Skt ms) Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (35). naharuṃ ] A (rgyus pa Tib). In A, letters sa sa are noted below haru of naharuṃ. cf.
naharūṃ Vajraḍāka (4.16) and naharuṃ Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (35). According to Edgerton (1953)
Vol.2, 292, both “naharū” and “naharu” mean “sinew,” which accords with Tib. Letters "sa sa" are
noted below the letters ha ru of naharu A.
27
rā<ṃ> ] em.; rā A. rāmeśvare ] em.; rāmeśvara A. cf. rāmeśvare Vajraḍāka (14.16) and
Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (35). amitābha- ] em. ('od dpag med Tib); ami˅tā Aac; ami‹bha›tā Apc. cf.
amitābha- Vajraḍāka (14.16) and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (35). -mālā- ] em. (phreng ba Tib); malo A. cf.
-mālā- Vajraḍāka (14.16) and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (35).
28
vajraprabha- ] em. v{r}ajraprabho Aac; vajraprabho Apc. cf. vajraprabha- Vajraḍāka (14.16) and vajraprabhaṃ Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (35). bukkaṃ ] Aac; ‹kvākvalā› bukkaṃ Apc. cf. bukkaṃ Vajraḍāka (14.16) and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (35).
29
hṛnmaṇḍajā- ] em.; hṛtsaṇajā A; snying Tib. cf. hṛnmaṇḍajā- Vajraḍāka (14.16) and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (35).
30
upapīṭham ] em.; upapīṭhaḥ A.
20
31
Tsunehiko Sugiki: Kambala’s Sādhananidhi
goṃ go dā ba rī zhes bya ba ni rna ba g'yon par ni lha'i dgra dang dpa' bo'i blo ma ste / 31
thams cad du rgyus pa 'bab pa'o // rāṃ rā me shwa ra zhes bya ba smin ma'i dbus su ni 'od
dpag med dang mi'u thung ma ste / rus pa'i phreng ba 'bab pa'o // deṃ de wi ko ṭi zhes bya
ba mig gnyis su ni rdo rje 'od dang lang ka'i dbang phyug ma ste / 32 mchin pa 'bab pa'o //
māṃ mā la wa zhes bya ba la lag pa'i rtsa ba gnyis su ni rdo rje sku dang shing gi grib ma
ste /33 snying 'bab pa'o // nye ba'i gnas so // [4.5]
**********
kāṃ, kakṣayoḥ kāmarūpe aṅkurika-airāvatī cakṣur vahati sā nityam /34 oṃ, stanayugale oḍre vajrajaṭila-mahābhairavā pittavahā /35 kṣetram /36 [4.6]
kāṃ kā ma rū pa zhes bya ba ni mtshan khung gnyis su ni myu gu can dang sa srungs
ma ste /37 rtag tu mig 'bab pa'o // oṃ o ḍra zhes bya ba nu ma gnyis su ni rdo rje ral pa
dang 'jigs byed chen mo ste /38 mkhris pa 'bab pa'o // zhing ngo // [4.6]
**********
triṃ, nābhau triśakunau mahāvīra-vāyuvegā phupphusavahā /39 koṃ, nāsikāgre kausale
vajrahūṃkāra-surābhakṣī antramālāvahā /40 upakṣetram /41 [4.7]
triṃ tri sha ku ni zhes bya ba lte bar ni dpa' bo chen po dang rlung gi shugs ma ste / 42 glo
ba 'bab pa'o // koṃ ko sa la zhes bya ba sna'i rtse mor ni rdo rje hūṃ mdzad dang chang
'thung ma ste / rgyu ma'i phreng ba 'bab pa'o // nye ba'i zhing ngo // [4.7]
**********
kaṃ, mukhe kaliṅge subhadra-śyāmādevī pārśvatantuvahā / 43 laṃ, kaṇṭhe lampāke
31
go<ṃ> ] em.; go PN. go dā ba rī ] corr.; go da ba ri PN.
de<ṃ> ] em.; de PN.
33
mā<ṃ> ] em.; mā PN.
34
kā<ṃ> ] em.; kā A.
35
oḍre ] em.; oḍra A. cf. oḍre Vajraḍāka (14.18) and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (36). vajrajaṭila- ] em.
vajrajaṭilo A. cf. vajrajaṭila- Vajraḍāka (14.18) and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (36).
36
kṣetra<m> ] em.; kṣetra A. cf. kṣetra Vajraḍāka (14.18).
37
kā ma rū <pa> ] em.; ka ma ru PN.
38
o<ṃ> ] em.; o PN. o ḍra ] em.; o ṭe PN. chen mo ] P; chen ma N.
39
mahāvīra- ] em. (dpa' bo chen po Tib); mahāvairi A. cf. mahāvīra- Vajraḍāka (14.18) and
Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (36).
40
kausale ] em.; kauśala A. cf. kośale Vajraḍāka (14.18) and kosale Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (36).
41
upakṣetra<m> ] em.; upakṣetra A. cf. upakṣetra Vajraḍāka (14.18).
42
tri<ṃ> ] em.; tri PN.
43
kaliṅge ] em.; kaliṃga A. cf. kaliṅge Vajraḍāka (14.18) and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (36). sub32
32
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌‒
vajrabhadra-subhadrā udaraṃ vahati gardabhī /44 chandohaḥ / [4.8]
kaṃ ka li ngga zhes bya ba khar ni shin tu bzang po dang sngo bsangs lha mo ste / rtsib
logs kyi chu rgyus 'bab pa'o // laṃ laṃ pā ka zhes bya ba phrag par ni rdo rje bzang po
dang shin tu bzang mo ste /45 lto ba 'bab pa'o // tshan do ha'o //46 [4.8]
**********
kāṃ, hṛdaye kāñcī mahābhairava-hayakarṇā viṣṭhāvahā / 47 hiṃ, meḍhre himālaye
virūpākṣa-khagānanā sīmantamadhyagā /48 upacchandohaḥ // [4.9]
kāṃ kā nytsī zhes bya ba snying gar ni 'jigs byed chen po dang rta rna ma ste /49 bshang ba
'bab pa'o // hiṃ hi ma la ya zhes bya ba chu sor ni mig mi bzang dang bya gdong ma ste / 50
mdoms 'bab pa'o //51 nye ba'i tsha ndo ha'o //52 [4.9]
**********
preṃ, liṅge pretādhivāsinī mahābala-cakravegā śleṣmavahā /53 gṛṃ, gude gṛhadevatā
ratnavajra-khaṇḍarohā pūyavahā /54 melāpakaḥ / [4.10]
hadra- ] em.; subhadraḥ A. cf. subhadra- Vajraḍāka (14.18) and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (36).
44
la<ṃ> ] em.; la A. lampāke ] em.; lampāka A. cf. lampāke Vajraḍāka (14.18) and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (36). gardabhī ] A; n.e. Tib. cf. gardabhī Vajraḍāka (14.18) and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (36).
45
Passages from the beginning of this chapter up to the words “rdo rje bzang po dang” of this sentence
are missing in D.
46
tshan do ha ] PN; go tsha ndo ha D.
47
kāṃ ] em.; kaṃ A. kāñcī ] A. cf. kāñcyāṃ Vajraḍāka (14.18) and kāñcī- Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (36).
The word “kāñcī,” a holy site (equated with the heart), is not locative, but it is possible: It modifies
“mahābhairava-hayakarṇā,” and the sentence “hṛdaye kāñcī mahābhairava-hayakarṇā viṣṭhāvahā”
means “In the heart, [accompanied by her husband] Mahābhairava, Hayakarṇā, [who is the goddess of]
Kāñcī, conveys feces.”
48
hi<ṃ> ] em.; hi A. sīmantamadhya- ] em.; śīmāntamadhya A. cf. sīmantamadhya- Vajraḍāka (14.18)
and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (36).
49
kā nytsī ] em.; kā nytsir DPN. snying gar ] D; snying kar PN. 'jigs byed chen po ] em.; 'jigs byed
chen mo DPN.
50
hi<ṃ> ] em.; hi DPN. hi ma la ya ] D; hi ma PN.
51
mdoms ] D; 'doms PN.
52
tshan do ha ] D; mtshan do ha PN.
53
pre<ṃ> ] em.; pre A. pretādhivāsinī ] A; pre ta pu rī zhes te yi dags gnas pa zhes bya ba Tib. cf.
pretādhivāsinī- Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (37) and pretādhivāsinyāṃ (but pretādhivāsinyī in Skt ms from
Kolkata and pretādhivāsini in Skt ms from Tokyo University suggest a possibility of edition as
pretādhivāsinī) Vajraḍāka (14.19). The word “pretādhivāsinī,” a holy site (equated with the genital organ), is not locative, but it is possible: It modifies “mahābala-cakravegā,” and the sentence “liṅge
pretādhivāsinī mahābala-cakravegā śleṣmavahā” means “In the genital organ, [accompanied by her
husband] Mahābala, Cakravegā, [who is the goddess of] Pretādhivāsinī, transports phlegm.”
54
gṛhadevatā ] A. cf. gṛhadevatā Vajraḍāka (14.19) and gṛhadevatā- Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (37). The
word “gṛhadevatā,” a holy site (equated with the anus), is not locative, but it is possible: It modifies
“ratnavajra-khaṇḍarohā,” and the sentence “gude gṛhadevatā ratnavajra-khaṇḍarohā pūyavahā” means
33
Tsunehiko Sugiki: Kambala’s Sādhananidhi
preṃ pre ta pu rī zhes te yi dags gnas pa zhes bya ba mtshan ma ni stobs po che dang
'khor lo'i shugs ma ste /55 bad kan 'bab pa'o // gṛṃ gṛ ha de ba tā zhes bya ba bshang ba'i
lam du ni rin chen rdo rje dang dum skyes ma ste /56 rnag 'bab pa'o // 'dus pa'o // [4.10]
**********
sauṃ, ūrudvaye saurāṣṭre hayagrīva-śauṇḍinī raktavahā /57 suṃ, jaṅghayoḥ suvarṇadvīpe
ākāśagarbha-cakravarmiṇī prasvedavahā /58 upamelāpakaḥ / [4.11]
sauṃ sau rā ṣṭra zhes bya ba brla gnyis su ni rta mgrin dang glang sna ma ste / khrag 'bab
pa'o // suṃ su ba rṇa dwī pa zhes bya ba byin pa gnyis su ni nam mkha'i snying po dang
'khor lo'i go cha ma ste / rngul 'bab pa'o // nye ba'i 'dus pa'o // [4.11]
**********
naṃ, aṅgulīṣu nagare śrīheruka-suvīrā medovahā / 59 siṃ, sindhupādapṛṣṭhe padmanarteśvara-mahābalā aśru vahati /60 śmaśānam /61 [4.12]
naṃ na ga ra zhes bya ba sor mo rnams su ni dpal he ru ka dang shin tu dpa' mo ste / tshil
'bab pa'o // siṃ si ndhu zhes bya ba rkang pa'i bol la ni pa dma gar gyi dbang phyug dang
stobs chen ma ste / mchi ma 'bab pa'o // dur khrod do // [4.12]
**********
maṃ, aṅguṣṭhau maru, vairocana-cakravartinī kheṭavahā /62 kuṃ, kulatāyāṃ jānau vajrasattva-mahāvīryā bālasiṃhāṇavāhinī /63 upaśmaśānam //64 [4.13]
“In the anus, [accompanied by her husband] Ratnavajra, Khaṇḍarohā, [who is of the goddess of]
Gṛhadevatā, transports pus.”
55
pre ta pu rī ] corr.; pre ta pu ri DPN. shugs ma ] DN; shugs can ma P. ste ] DN; te P.
56
lam du ni ] D; lam du PN.
57
sau<ṃ> ] em.; sau A. saurāṣṭre ] em.; saurāṣṭra A. cf. saurāṣṭre Vajraḍāka (14.19) and -saurāṣṭre
Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (37). hayagrī<va>- ] em. (rta mgrin Tib); hayagrī A. cf. hayagrīva- Vajraḍāka
(14.19) and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (37).
58
-dvīpe ākāśa- ] em.; dvī¦pokāśa A. cf. -dvīpe ākāśa- Vajraḍāka (14.19) and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana
(37).
59
aṅgulīṣu ] corr.; aṃgurīṣu A. nagare ] em.; nagara A. medo- ] em.; medā A. cf. medo- (medāTokyo Skt ms) Vajraḍāka (14.19) and (medā- Skt ms) Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (37).
60
aśru ] em.; aśrum A. cf. aśru Vajraḍāka (14.19) and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (37).
61
‹śmaśānam› ] Apc (dur khrod do Tib); om. Aac.
62
kheṭa- ] em.; kheṭā A. cf. kheṭa- Vajraḍāka (14.19) and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (37).
63
kula<tāyāṃ>- ] em.; kula A; ku lu tā Tib. cf. kulatāyāṃ Vajraḍāka (14.19) and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana
(37). bālasiṃhāṇa- ] corr. (sna chu dang snabs Tib); bālasiṃhāna Aac; bālasiṃghāna Apc. cf.
34
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌‒
maṃ ma ru zhes bya ba mthe bong gnyis la ni rnam par snang mdzad dang 'khor los sgyur
ma ste /65 mchil ma 'bab pa'o // kuṃ ku lu tā zhes bya ba pus mo gnyis la ni rdo rje sems
dpa' dang brtson 'grus chen mo ste /66 sna chu dang snabs 'bab pa'o // nye ba'i dur khrod
ste /67 [4.13]
**********
cittavākkāyacakreṣu yathākramāt khecarīṃ bhūcarīṃ cintayet pātālavāsinīṃ ca / 68
etāḥ siddhās tu vai pūrvam (HA 4.4d) iti /69 caturviṃśati (HA 4.4e) pradhānaṃ kṛtvā,
sumerureṇusaṃkhyātāḥ, tābhis tāsāṃ grahaṇam /70 asaṃkhyā buddhakoṭaya iti nyāyāt /71
[4.14]
thugs dang gsung dang sku rnams rim pa ji lta ba bzhin du mkha' spyod ma dang sa la
spyod ma dang sa 'og na gnas par bsam mo // 'di dag sngon gyi grub pa yin (HA 4.4d) zhes
bya ba la / nyi shu rtsa bzhi (HA 4.4e) gtso bor byas pas ni ri rab kyi rdul gyi grangs snyed
rnams bzung ste /72 de rnams bsdus so // sangs rgyas bye ba grangs med pa'o zhes bya ba
ni rigs pa'o // [4.14]
**********
svanāmoccāraṇamantrāṇām (HA 4.5a) iti /73
oṃkāradīpakā mantrāḥ ◊ /74
svanāmoccāraṇasahitāe ◊ hūṃ-hūṃ-phaṭ-kārāntayojitāḥe /
◊ jāpya eṣa vidhikramaḥ //2//
svanāme-(HA 4.5a)-ti vīravīreśvarīṇām /75 oṃ ḍākinīye hūṃ hūṃ phaṭ ityādi / oṃ kara
bālasiṃhāṇa- Vajraḍāka (14.19) and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (37).
64
upaśmaśāna<m> ] em.; upaśmaśāna A. cf. upaśmaśāna Vajraḍāka (14.19).
65
'khor los sgyur ma ] D; 'khor lo sgyur ma PN.
66
ku lu tā ] corr.; ku lu ta DPN.
67
ste ] DN; te P.
68
* bhūcarīṃ cintayet pātālavāsinīṃ ca ] conj. (sa la spyod ma dang sa 'og na gnas par bsam mo Tib);
+ū++++++++++++++lavāsinī A.
69
etā<ḥ siddhā>s tu ] etās tu A. cf. etāḥ siddhās tu Herukābhidhāna (4.4).
70
This sentence apears to mean "caturviṃśati (= caturviṃśatiḍākinīḥ) pradhānaṃ kṛtvā, yā anyāḥ sumerureṇusaṃkhyātāḥ ḍākinyas tābhis (= caturviṃśatiḍākinībhis) tāsāṃ grahaṇam." tābhis ] A; bzung
ste Tib.
71
-koṭaya iti ] corr.; koṭayar iti A.
72
byas pas ni ] PN; byas pas na D. bzung ste ] DN; gzung ste P.
73
-ccāraṇa*mantrāṇām <iti> ] em. (brjod pa'i sngags zhes bya ba ni Tib); ccāraṇā ma++++ A. cf.
svanāmoccāraṇamantrāṇāṃ Herukābhidhāna (4.5a).
74
*oṃkāra- ] em.; ++kāra A; oṃ gyi Tib. cf. oṃkāra Herukābhidhāna (4.6a).
75
-vīreśvarīṇām ] A; dpa' mo'i dbang phyug ma rnams kyi mchog Tib.
35
Tsunehiko Sugiki: Kambala’s Sādhananidhi
kara khaṇḍakapāli-pracaṇḍe hūṃ hūṃ phaṭ ityādi /76 athavā hṛdayamantravidarbhitaṃ
māṇḍaleyasahitaṃ mūlamantraṃ japet // [4.15]
rang ming brjod pa'i sngags (HA 4.5a) zhes bya ba ni /
/ gsal byed oṃ gyi sngags dang ni // lhan cig tu ni rang ming brjod /
/ hūṃ hūṃ phaṭ ni mthar sbyar te /77/ cho ga de ltar rim bzhin bzlas //2//
zhes pa'o // rang ming (HA 4.5a) zhes bya ba ni dpa' bo dang dpa' mo'i dbang phyug ma
rnams kyi mchog ste / oṃ ḍā ki nī ye hūṃ hūṃ phaṭ /78 ces bya ba la sogs pa dang /79 oṃ
ka ra ka ra kha ṇḍa ka pā li na pra tsa ṇḍī ye hūṃ hūṃ phaṭ /80 zhes bya ba la sogs pa'o //81
yang na snying po'i sngags dang spel ma'am dkyil 'khor pa'i lha dang gcig pa'i rtsa ba'i
sngags bzlas te / [4.15]
**********
◊ abhinnāṅgaśaṅkhavalayena tue
śāntikaṃ buddhayogena ◊ /82
pauṣṭike ratnaḍākaṃ tu ◊ vaśye padmapāṇināo //3//
uccāṭayed aśvarājenae ◊ dveṣe akṣobhyanāyakaḥ /83
◊ sarve sarvārthasampadaś
cakriṇaś cakrayogāto ◊ //4//84
iti // [4.16]
/ yan lag ma nyams dung phreng dang // sangs rgyas rnal 'byor gyis zhi ba /
/ rgyas pa rin chen mkha' 'gro ste // dbang la phyag na pa dma 'o //3//
/ bskrad pa rta yi rgyal po ste // dbye ba mi bskyod gtso bos so /
/ kun tu kun don phun tshogs la // 'khor lo can gyi 'khor lo sbyar //4//85
zhes so // [4.16]
**********
śrīherukābhidhāne sādhananidhau pañjikāyāṃ caturthapaṭalavyākhyā //86
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
khaṇḍakapāli- ] em.; khaṇḍakapālina A. -pracaṇḍe ] A; pra tsa ṇḍī ye Tib.
hūṃ hūṃ ] PN; huṃ hūṃ D.
ḍā ki nī ye ] DN; ḍā ki nā ye P. hūṃ hūṃ ] P; huṃ hūṃ DN.
ces bya ba ] D; zhes bya ba PN.
hūṃ hūṃ ] P; huṃ hūṃ DN.
zhes bya ba ] D; ces bya ba PN.
-śaṅkha- ] Apc; śaṃ{la} Aac.
uccāṭayed ] em.; uccā¦ʘṭāyed A.
-sampadaś ] em.; sampadāś A.
sbyar ] D; sbyor PN.
36
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌‒
dpal he ru ka zhes bya ba'i dka' 'grel gyi sgrub pa'i thabs kyi gleng gzhi las le'u bzhi pa'i
rnam par bshad pa'o //87
6. Sanskrit and Tibetan Editions of Chapter 5
tataḥ sarvadharmodayaṃ viśvam (HA 5.1a) iti /88 sarve dharmā [stobs bcu dang mi 'jigs
pa la sogs pa ste / de rnams kyi 'byung gnas pas na 'dir chos kyi 'byung gnas zhes bya'o //
sna tshogs ni brtan pa dang g'yo ba'i bdag nyid do // lte bar mi shigs dge (HA 5.1b) shes bya
ba la / mi shigs dge ba ni rdo rje 'dzin pa ste / dge ba rnams 'dzin pa'i phir ro // de bas na
chos kun gcig tu bsdu bar bya (HA 5.1d) shes bya ste / bri bar bya (HA 5.1c) zhes bya ba
dang 'brel to // 'dir (HA 5, p. 68, l. 11) zhes bya ba ni]89 dharmodayāyām / tatrastha (HA
5.3a) iti tricakrātmayogavān /90 prastared (HA 5.2d) iti svaravarṇānāṃ prakaraṇam /91
caturthasya yaḥ pañcamam (HA 5.3c) ityādīnām uddharaṇaṃ bhagavato 'ṣṭapadamantram
/92 kara kare-(HA 5, p. 76, l. 2)-tyādinā sahitaṃ mūlamantram //93 [5]
de nas thams cad chos 'byung bar sna tshogs (HA 5.1a) zhes bya ba la / chos thams cad
ni stobs bcu dang mi 'jigs pa la sogs pa ste / de rnams kyi 'byung gnas pas na 'dir chos kyi
'byung gnas zhes bya'o // sna tshogs ni brtan pa dang g'yo ba'i bdag nyid do // lte bar mi
shigs dge (HA 5.1b) shes bya ba la /94 mi shigs dge ba ni rdo rje 'dzin pa ste / dge ba rnams
'dzin pa'i phir ro // de bas na chos kun gcig tu bsdu bar bya (HA 5.1d) shes bya ste / bri bar
bya (HA 5.1c) zhes bya ba dang 'brel to //95 'dir (HA 5, p. 68, l. 11) zhes bya ba ni chos kyi
'byung gnas la'o // der gnas (HA 5.3a) zhes bya ba ni 'khor lo gsum gyi sbyor ba dang ldan
pa'o // rab rgyas bya (HA 5.2d) zhes bya ba ni yi ge rnams phreng du bya ba'o //96 bzhi pa
yi ni lnga pa dang (HA 5.3c) zhes bya ba la sogs pa rnams kyis bcom ldan 'das kyi sngags
kyi tshigs bcad brgyad pa dang / ka ra ka ra (HA 5, p. 76, l. 2) zhes bya ba la sogs pa dang
bcas pas rtsa ba'i sngags btu ba'o // [5]
**********
86
-nidhau ] A; gleng gzhi las Tib. caturtha- ] em.; caturthaḥ A.
dka' 'grel ] PN; dka' 'brel D.
88
sarvadharmodayaṃ ] A. cf. sarvadharmodaye Herukābhidhāna (5.1a).
89
The sentences put in the parentheses (between “stobs bcu dang mi 'jigs pa la sogs pa ste” and “'dir
zhes bya ba ni”) are omitted in A and supplemented from Tib.
90
tatrastha iti ] conj.; tatrastho ti A. cf. tatrastham Herukābhidhāna (5.3a)
91
prastared ] A (rab rgyas bya Tib). cf. prastare Herukābhidhāna (5.2d).
92
ityādīnām ] Apc; i// //tyādinām Aac.
93
mūlamantram ] A; rtsa ba'i sngags btu ba'o Tib.
94
lte bar ] PN; gang gi lte bar D.
95
'brel ] PN; 'grel D.
96
rab rgyas bya ] PN; rab rgyas D. zhes bya ba ] D; zhes bya PN.
87
37
Tsunehiko Sugiki: Kambala’s Sādhananidhi
śrīherukābhidhāne sādhananidhau pañjikāyāṃ pañcamapaṭalavyākhyā //97
dpal he ru ka zhes bya ba'i dka' 'grel sgrub pa'i thabs kyi gleng gzhi las le'u lnga pa'i rnam
par bshad pa'o //98
7. Sanskrit and Tibetan Editions of Chapter 6
ataḥ paraṃ dvāviṃśatyakṣaraṃ hṛdayaṃ saptākṣaram upahṛdayam (HA 6.1ab) iti
vakṣyamāṇakam //99 [6.1]
/ gzhan yang yi ge nyi shu gnyis // snying po yig bdun nye snying po /(HA 6.1ab) zhes
bya ba ni 'og nas bshad par bya'o // [6.1]
**********
yavargāṣṭamaṃ bījam (HA 6.1c) iti dvādaśahakāraḥ / 100 akṣarāntaritaṃ kṛtve-(HA
6.2a)-ti dīrghamātrāsahitena madhyasthitena /101 oṃ ha / namaḥ hi / svāhā hu /102 vauṣaṭ
he / hūṃ hūṃ ho /103 phaṭ haṃ // [6.2]
ya tshan brgyad pa'i sa bon (HA 6.1c) zhes bya ba ni ha yig bcu gnyis so // dor byas pa
(HA 6.2a) zhes bya ba ni dbyangs yig ring po rnams dang lhan cig gyur pa'i dbus na gnas
pa rnams te / oṃ-ha na-maḥ-hi swā-hā-hu bau-ṣhaṭ-he hūṃ-hūṃ-ho phaṭ-haṃ rnams so
//104 [6.2]
**********
hṛdi hakāravajrapariṇataṃ vajrasattvaṃ sitam ekamukhaṃ caturbhujam, 105 dakṣiṇe
97
-nidhau ] A; gleng gzhi las Tib.
zhes bya ba'i ] DN; zhes ba'i P.
99
a‹taḥ› ] Apc; a{tha} Aac. dvāviṃśatyakṣaraṃ ] em. (yi ge nyi shu gnyis Tib); dvātriṃśatyakṣaraṃ A.
cf. dvāviṃśatyakṣaraṃ Herukābhidhāna (6.1).
100
yavargāṣṭamaṃ ] A. cf. yavargāc cāṣṭamaṃ Herukābhidhāna (6.1c).
101
akṣarā- ] A; n.e. Tib.
102
nama<ḥ> ] em. (na maḥ Tib); nama A. cf. namaḥ Herukābhidhāna (6.3a). hu ] em. (hu Tib); huṃ
A.
103
hūṃ hūṃ ] em. (hūṃ hūṃ Tib); huṃ huṃ A. cf. hūṃ hūṃ Herukābhidhāna (6.3a).
104
hūṃ hūṃ ] PN; huṃ hūṃ D.
105
vajrasattva<ṃ> sita<m> ] em. (rdo rje sems dpa' dkar po Tib); vajrasatvam iti A. cf. oṃ ha vajrasattvaṃ sitaṃ Sādhananidhi (2.24).
98
38
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌‒
vajraḍamaruṃ vāme ghaṇṭākhaṭvāṅgakapāladharam,106 raktavārāhyāliṅgitam /107 [6.3]
snying gar yi ge ha dang rdo rje yongs su gyur pa las rdo rje sems dpa' dkar po / zhal
gcig pa phyag bzhi pa / phyag g'yas na rdo rje dang rnge'u chung / 108 g'yon pa na dril bu
dang kha ṭwāṃ ga dang thod pa 'dzin pa / rdo rje phag mo mdog dmar mo la 'khyud pa'o //
[6.3]
**********
śirasi hikāracakrapariṇataṃ vairocanaṃ pītam, dakṣiṇe cakram, aparaṃ pūrvavat,
nīlayāminyāliṅgitam / [6.4]
mgo bor yi ge hi dang 'khor lo yongs su gyur pa las rnam par snang mdzad ser po / 109
phyag g'yas na 'khor lo /110 gzhan ni sngar bstan pa bzhin te / gshin rje ma mdog sngon mo
la 'khyud pa'o // [6.4]
**********
śikhāyāṃ hukārapadmapariṇataṃ padmanarteśvaraṃ raktam,
112
sitamohanīkaṇṭhadharam,
pūrvavad apare /
113
111
dakṣiṇe padmam,
[6.5]
spyi gtsug tu yi ge hu dang pa dma yongs su gyur pa las pa dma gar gyi dbang phyug dmar
po /114 phyag g'yas na pa dma bsnams pa / rmongs byed ma mdog dkar mo'i mgrin pa nas
'dzin pa ste / gzhan ni sngar bstan pa bzhin no // [6.5]
**********
skandhadvaye hekāravajrapariṇataṃ herukaṃ nīlaṃ haritasaṃcālanīkaṇṭhadharam, 115
dakṣiṇe karālavajram, śeṣaṃ pūrvavat / [6.6]
106
<ghaṇṭā-> ] em. (dril bu Tib); om. A. cf. vāme ghaṇṭā sarveṣām (meaning that all the six armor deities including Vajrasattva have a bell in their left hands) Sādhananidhi (2.25).
107
-vā<rā>hyā- ] em.; bāhyā A; rdo rje phag mo Tib. cf. raktavarṇavārāhyāliṅgitam Sādhananidhi
(2.24).
108
rnge'u chung ] DP; rnge chung N.
109
yongs su gyur pa ] DN; gyur pa P.
110
phyag g'yas ] D; phyag PN.
111
hukāra<padma>- ] em. (yi ge hu dang pa dma Tib); hukāra A. cf. svāhā hu padmasūryavidhānena
padmanarteśvaraṃ Sādhananidhi (2.24).
112
-mohanī- ] em.; mohinī A.
113
pūrvavad apare ] Apc; pūrvava{ta} pare Aac.
114
hu ] PN; hūṃ D.
115
-saṃcālanī- ] em.; sañcālinī A. -kaṇṭhadharam ] A; 'khyud pa Tib.
39
Tsunehiko Sugiki: Kambala’s Sādhananidhi
phrag pa gnyis su ni yi ge he dang rdo rje yongs su gyur pa las he ru ka mdog sngon po /
phyag g'yas na rdo rje gdengs pa bsnams pa yang dag par skyod ma mdog ljang gu la
'khyud pa'o //116 lhag ma sngar bstan pa bzhin no // [6.6]
**********
cakṣuṣor hokāraratnapariṇataṃ vajrasūryaṃ taptacāmīkaram, 117 dakṣiṇe ratnadharam,
gaganaśaucasaṃtrāsanyāliṅgitam,118 śeṣaṃ pūrvavat / [6.7]
mig gnyis su ni yi ge ho dang rin po che yongs su gyur pa las rdo rje nyi ma gser bsregs
pa'i mdog can / phyag g'yas na rin po che bsnams pa /119 skrag byed ma nam mkha' ltar
mthing skya'i mdog can la 'khyud pa ste / lhag ma ni sngar bstan pa bzhin no //120 [6.7]
**********
lalāṭe
haṃkāraviśvavajrapariṇataṃ
paramāśvavajram,
121
dakṣiṇe
viśvavajram,
dhūmracaṇḍikāliṅgitam, pūrvavad apare / [6.8]
dpral bar yi ge haṃ dang sna tshogs rdo rje yongs su gyur pa las rta mchog /122 phyag g'yas
na sna tshogs rdo rje bsnams pa / gtum mo du ba'i mdog can la 'khyud pa ste / gzhan snga
ma bzhin no // [6.8]
**********
sarvālaṃkārabhūṣitāḥ sarva ālīḍhāsanasaṃsthitā jaṭāmukuṭāṅkapaṭṭakā iti //123 [6.9]
thams cad kyang rgyan kun gyis brgyan zhing g'yas brkyang ba'i gnas pas gnas pa ral pa'i
cod pan dar gyis bcings pa'o // [6.9]
116
skyod ma ] D; bskyod ma PN.
cakṣuṣor ] conj.; cakṣuṣo A.
118
gaganaśauca- ] em.; gaganaśaura A; nam mkha’ ltar mthing skya Tib. cf.
dhūmrasaṃtrādanyāliṅgitam Sādhananidhi (2.24). -saṃtrāsanyā- ] em.; santrāsi¦nī A.
119
bsnams pa ] D; bsnams PN.
120
bzhin no ] D; bzhin PN.
121
paramāśvavajram ] A; rta mchog Tib. cf. paramāśvavajraṃ Sādhananidhi (2.24).
122
ha<ṃ> ] em.; hi D; ha PN.
123
*ālīḍhāsanasaṃsthitā ] conj. (g'yas brkyang ba'i gnas pas gnas pa Tib); ālī++++++++ṃsthitāḥ A. cf.
ālīḍhāsanasaṃyutāḥ Sādhananidhi (2.25). jaṭāmukuṭāṅkapaṭṭakā ] em.; jaṭāmukuṭāṅgapaṭṭakā A; ral
pa'i cod pan dar gyis bcings pa Tib. cf. jaṭāmukuṭāṅkapaṭṭakā (whose Tib is also the same ral pa'i cod
pan dar gyis bcings pa) Sādhananidhi (2.25).
117
40
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌‒
**********
śrīherukābhidhāne sādhananidhau pañjikāyāṃ ṣaṣṭhapaṭalavyākhyā //124
dpal he ru ka zhes bya ba'i dka' 'grel sgrub pa'i thabs kyi gleng gzhi las le'u drug pa'i rnam
par bshad pa'o //
8. Sanskrit and Tibetan Editions of Chapter 7
tataḥ svarāṇām (HA 7.1a) iti pañcamapaṭaloccā++++++++++++++++++++++ṃ /125
trayodaśenaive-(HA 7.1a)-ti okāreṇa / dvitīyākṣaram (HA 7.1b) iti pāṭhānukrameṇa
makāraḥ /126 [dbyangs yig bcu gcig (HA 7.1c) ni e'o /]127 ṣaṣṭhamaṃ (HA 7.1d) takāraḥ /128
anenānukrameṇa sarveṣāṃ yojaneti // [7]
de nas dbyangs yig (HA 7.1a) ces bya ba la le'u lnga par bstan pa'i gsal byed dang
dbyangs su sbyar bar bya ste / bcu gsum nyid (HA 7.1a) ces bya ba ni yi ge o'o // yi ge gnyis
pa (HA 7.1b) zhes pa ni / rim pa ji lta ba bzhin yi ge ma'o // dbyangs yig bcu gcig (HA 7.1c)
ni e'o // yi ge drug pa (HA 7.1d) ni ta ste / rim pa 'di nyid kyis thams cad la sbyar bar bya'o
zhes so // [7]
**********
śrīherukābhidhāne sādhananidhau pañjikāyāṃ saptamapaṭalavyākhyā //129
dpal he ru ka zhes bya ba'i dka' 'grel sgrub pa'i thabs kyi gleng gzhi las le'u bdun pa'i rnam
par bshad pa'o //130
Notes (Sanskrit Parallels)
4.4-4.14: The Vajraḍāka, chapter 14, Skt ed., 14.16-19, and the Cakrasaṃvarasādhana, Skt
ed., 35-37 ̿
124
-nidhau ] A; gleng gzhi las Tib.
-ccā++++++++++++++++++++++ṃ ] A; bstan pa'i gsal byed dang dbyangs su sbyar bar bya ste
Tib.
126 pāṭhānukrameṇa ] A; rim pa ji lta ba bzhin Tib.
127
The sentence put in parentheses is omitted in A and supplemented from Tib.
128
ṣaṣṭhama<ṃ> ] em.; ṣaṣṭhama A.
129 -nidhau ] A; gleng gzhi las Tib.
130
thabs kyi ] D; thabs kyis PN.
125
Tsunehiko Sugiki: Kambala’s Sādhananidhi
41
The Vajraḍāka ̿ pullīramalaye khaṇḍakapālinaḥ pracaṇḍā nakhadantavahā /
jālandhare mahākaṅkāla-caṇḍākṣī keśaromavahā / oḍyāyane kaṅkāla-prabhāvatī
tvaṅmalavahā / arbude vikaṭadaṃṣṭri-mahānāsā piśitavahā / pīṭha // godāvaryāṃ
surāvairi-vīramatī naharūṃ vahati sarvadā /i) rāmeśvare amitābha-kharvarī asthimālāvahā / devikoṭe vajraprabha-laṅkeśvarī bukkaṃ vahati nityaśaḥ / mālave
vajradeha-drumacchāyā hṛnmaṇḍajāvahā //16// ity evaṃ kathitā devi cittacakrasya
khecarī / samāpattyā vyavasthitā //17// kāmarūpe aṅkurika-airāvatī cakṣur vahati sā
nityam / oḍre vajrajaṭila-mahābhairavā pittavahā prakīrtitā / kṣetra // triśakunau
mahāvīra-vāyuvegā phupphusavahā / kośale vajrahūṃkāra-surābhakṣī antramālāvahā /
upakṣetra // kaliṅge subhadra-śyāmādevī pārśvatantuvahā samākhyātā / lampāke
vajrabhadra-subhadrā udaraṃ vahati gardabhī / chandoha // kāñcyāṃ
bhairava-hayakarṇā viṣṭhāvahā prakīrtitā / himālaye virūpākṣa-khagānanā sīmantamadhyagā vyavasthitā / upacchandoha // vākcakrasya bhūcarī samāpattyā vyavasthitā
//18// pretādhivāsinyāṃ mahābala-cakravegā śleṣmaṃ[= śleṣmānaṃ] vahati sarvadā /ii)
gṛhadevatā
ratnavajra-khaṇḍarohā
pūyaṃ
vahati
nityaśaḥ
/
saurāṣṭre
hayagrīva-śauṇḍinī raktavahā prakīrtitā / suvarṇadvīpe ākāśagarbha-cakravarmiṇī
prasvedavahā tathā / melāpakopamelāpakaṃ matam // nagare mārāri-suvīrā medovahā
/iii) sindhudeśe padmanarteśvara-mahābalā aśru vahati nityaśaḥ / śmaśāna // maru
vairocana-cakravartinī kheṭavahā prakīrtitā / kulatāyāṃ vajrasattva-mahāvīryā
bālasiṃhāṇavāhinī / upaśmaśāna // kāyacakrasya pātālavāsinī samāpattyā vyavasthitā
//19//
[Note] i) surāvairi- ] em.; surāvairiṇa- Skt ed. (surāvairiṇa- in both Tokyo Skt ms and Kolkata Skt
ms.) ii) pretādhivāsinyāṃ ] Skt ed. However, pretādhivāsini in Tokyo Skt ms and pretādhivāsinyī
in Kolkta Skt ms also suggest a possibility of pretādhivāsinī, which accords with the reading in Skt
ms of the Sādhananidhi (4.10). As for the two Skt mss of the Vajraḍāka, see Sugiki (2003a). iii)
medo- ] em.; meda- Skt ed. (Tokyo Skt ms medā- and Kolkata Skt ms meda-.)
The Cakrasaṃvarasādhana ̿ pullīramalaye śirasi khaṇḍakapālinaḥ pracaṇḍā nakhadantavahā /i) jālandhare śikhāyāṃ mahākaṅkāla-caṇḍākṣī keśaromavahā /ii) oḍyāyane
dakṣiṇakarṇe
kaṅkāla-prabhāvatī
tvaṅmalavahā
/iii)
arbude
pṛṣṭhavaṃśe
iv)
vikaṭadaṃṣṭri-māhānāsā piśitavahā /
pūrvādidikṣu vilomataḥ // godāvaryāṃ
vāmakarṇe surāvairi-vīramatī naharuṃ vahati sarvadā /v) rāmeśvare bhrūmadhye
amitābha-kharvarī asthimālāvahā / devīkoṭe cakṣurdvaye vajraprabhaṃ laṅkeśvarī
bukkaṃ vahati / mālave bāhumūle vajradeha-drumacchāyā hṛnmaṇḍajāvahā /
aiśānyādau, vidikṣu // cittacakrasya khecaryaḥ samāpattyā vyavasthitāḥ //35// kāmarūpe
tathā kakṣau aṅkulika-airāvatī cakṣur vahati sā nityam / oḍre stanayugale vajrajaṭila-mahābhairavā pittavahā /vi) nābhau triśakunau mahāvīra-vāyuvegā phupsavahā /vii)
kosale nāsikāyāṃ vajrahūṃkāra-surābhakṣī antramālāvahā / pūrvādidikṣu // kaliṅge
42
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌‒
mukhe subhadra-śyāmādevī pārśvatantusamākhyātā / lampāke kaṇṭhe vajrabhadra-subhadrā udaraṃ vahati gardabhī / kāñcīhṛdaye mahābhairava-hayakarṇā
viṣṭhāvahā / himālaye meḍhre virūpākṣa-khagānanā sīmantamadhyagā / pūrvavad
vidikṣu // vākcakrasya bhūcaryaḥ samāpattyā vyavasthitāḥ //36// pretādhivāsinīliṅge
mahābala-cakravegā śleṣmaṃ[= śleṣmānaṃ] vahati sarvadā / gṛhadevatāgude tu
ratnavajra-khaṇḍarohā pūyaṃ vahati nityaśaḥ / ūrusaurāṣṭre tu hayagrīva-sauṇḍinī
raktavahā prakīrtitā / jaṅghadvaye tu suvarṇadvīpe ākāśagarbha-cakravarmiṇī prasvedavahā / pūrvādidikṣu // aṅgulyāṃ nagare mārāri-suvīrā medovahā /viii) pādapṛṣṭhe tu
sindhudeśe padmanarteśvara-mahābalā aśru vahati nityam / aṅguṣṭhe tu marau
vairocana-cakravartinī
kheṭavahā
/ix)
jānau kulatāyāṃ vajrasattva-mahāvīryā
bālasiṃhāṇavāhinī / pūrvavad vidikṣu // kāyacakrasya pātālavāsinyaḥ samāpattyā
vyavasthitāḥ //37//
[Note] i) -danta- ] em.; -dantā- Skt ed and Skt ms. ii) -roma- ] em.; -romā- Skt ed and Skt ms. iii)
-mala- ] em.; -malā- Skt ed and Skt ms. iv) pṛṣṭhavaṃśe ] em.; pṛṣṭhavaṃśe tu Skt ed and Skt ms.
vikaṭadaṃṣṭri- ] em.; vikaṭadaṃṣṭrī Skt ed and Skt ms. piśita- ] em.; piśitā- Skt ed and pisitā Skt
ms. v) surāvairi- ] em.; surāvairiṇa- Skt ed and surāveriṇa- Skt ms. vi) pitta- ] em.; pittā- Skt ed
and Skt ms. vii) phupphusa- ] em.; phupphusā Skt ed and phuphusā Skt ms. viii) medo- ] em.;
medā Skt ed and Skt ms. ix) kheṭa- ] em.; kheṭā Skt ed and khetā Skt ms.
6.2-6.9: The Sādhananidhi, chapter 2, unpublished Skt ed., 2.24-2.25, Skt ms (A).,
9v3-10r3, and Tib: D, 10v4-11r4, P, 84v8-85v1, and N, 77v1-78r2 ̿
tadanu kavacamudrāṃ cintayet //i) cittavajrādhastād dhṛdaye padmasthaṃ candravajravidhānena oṃ ha vajrasattvaṃ sitaṃ raktavarṇavārāhyāliṅgitam /ii) śirasi kāyavajropari
padmasthaṃ
candracakravidhānena
namaḥ
hi
vairocanaṃ
pītaṃ
nīlayāminyāliṅgitam /iii) śikhāyāṃ padmasthaṃ svāhā hu padmasūryavidhānena padmanarteśvaraṃ raktaṃ sitamohanyāliṅgitam /iv) skandhadvaye padmasthaṃ vajrasūryavidhānena vauṣaṭ he herukaṃ nīlaṃ haritasaṃcālanyāliṅgitam /v) cakṣurdvaye padmasthaṃ sūryaratnavidhānena hūṃ hūṃ ho vajrasūryaṃ raktaṃ dhūmrasaṃtrāsanyāliṅgitam /vi) phaṭ haṃ viśvavajrasūryapariṇaṭaṃ paramāśvavajraṃ sarvāṅge vāyum
iva haritaṃ dhūmracaṇḍikāliṅgitam //24//vii) vajrasattvādayo vīrā ekavaktrāś caturbhujās trinetrā vikṛtadaṃṣṭrākarālāsyāḥ sarvālaṃkārabhūṣitā jaṭāmukuṭāṅkapaṭṭakā
ālīḍhāsanasaṃyutāḥ /viii) mūlāliṅganabhuje yathānukramato draṣṭavyā vajracakrapadmanīlakarālavajraratnaviśvavajrāḥ /ix) vāme ghaṇṭā sarveṣām / aparabhujadvaye
kapālakhaṭvāṅgaḍamarukādharāḥ //x) vārāhyādayo devyaḥ tadvad ekavaktrāś caturbhujās trinetrā nagnikā muktakeśī ca pañcamudrāvibhūṣitā vāme ghaṇṭākapālakhaṭvāṅgadharā dakṣiṇe ḍamarukarttikā advayayogasamāpannāḥ sugatasaṃgamasatsukhāḥ //xi) vajrasattvādidevatāḥ sarve 'kṣobhyamukuṭāḥ //25//xii)
[Note] i) cintayet ] Apc (bsam par bya Tib); cantayet Aac.
ii) -dhastād dhṛdaye ] em. ('og tu snying
ga'i Tib); dhastā dṛdaye A. oṃ ha ] em. (oṃ ha Tib); oṃ haḥ A.
padma<stha>ṃ ] em. (pa dma
43
Tsunehiko Sugiki: Kambala’s Sādhananidhi
and gnas pa'i Tib); padmaṃ A. vajrasattvaṃ ] em.; vajrasatvaḥ A. iii) nama<ḥ> hi ] em.; nama
haḥ Aac; nama hiḥ Apc; na ma hi (D) and ma ma hi (PN) Tib.
-yāminyā‹liṅgitam› ] Apc.;
yāminyā{ge} Aac. iv) hu ] em. (hu Tib); huṃ A. -mohanyā- ] em.; mohinyā A. v) <herukaṃ> ]
conj. (he ru ka Tib); om. A.
-saṃcālanyā- ] em.; saṃcālinyā A.
vi) sūryaratna- ] em.; sūryāratna
(or sūrya / ratna) A. hūṃ hūṃ ho ] em.; huṃ huṃ hoḥ A. vajrasūrya<ṃ> ] em.; vajrasūrya A.
-saṃtrāsanyā- ] em.; saṃtrāsinyā A.
haritaṃ ] em.; haritaḥ A.
vii) vāyum iva ] A; rlung gi khams ltar khyab pa Tib.
viii) vajrasattvā- ] Apc.; {sa}vajrasatvā Aac.
laṃkālaṃkāra A. ix) -padma- ] em.; padmā (or padma /) A.
-laṃkāra- ] em.;
–viśvavajrā<ḥ> ] em.; viśvavajra A.
x) -dharāḥ ] em.; karāḥ A. xi) devyaḥ ] Apc.; devy{ā}ḥ Aac. –samāpannā<ḥ> ] em.; samāpannā
A. sugata- ] A; shin tu chags pas Tib. xii) -devatāḥ ] Apc.; deva(one unreadable letter) Aac.
Acknowledgements
This research was partially supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) numbered
24520055 (2014 and 2015) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in
Japan. I am responsible for any mistakes found in this paper. However, I would like to express my
heartfelt thanks to Mr. Joseph M. Logan for having assisted me with the English and to the reviewers
for suggestions and advices.
Bibliography
Edgerton, Franklim. (1953). Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Grammar and Dictionary, Vol. 1: Grammar and
Vol. 2: Dictionary. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Gray, David B. (2007). The Cakrasamvara Tantra (The Discourse of Śrī Heruka): A Study and Annotated
Translation. New York: The American Institute of Buddhist Studies, Columbia University Center
for Buddhist Studies and Tibet House US.
Gray, David B. (2012). The Cakrasamvara Tantra (The Discourse of Śrī Heruka): Editions of the Sanskrit
and Tibetan Texts. New York: The American Institute of Buddhist Studies, Columbia University
Center for Buddhist Studies and Tibet House US.
Luo, Hong. (2010). The Buddhakapālatantra Chapters 9 to 14. Beijing-Hamburg: China Tibetology
Research Center and Asien-Afrika-Institut (University of Hamburg).
Pandey, Janardan Shastri. (2002). Śrīherukābhidhānam Cakrasaṃvaratantram with the Vivṛti Commentary of Bhavabhaṭṭa Vols. I and II. Sarnath: Central Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies.
Sanderson, Alexis. (2009). The Śaiva Age: The Rise and Dominance of Śaivism during the Early Medieval Period. In Shingo Einoo (Ed.), Genesis and Development of Tantrism (Institute of Oriental
Culture Special Series 23), 41-350. Tokyo: Institute of Oriental Culture, University of Tokyo.
Sugiki, Tsunehiko. (2000). Kṛṣṇācārya’s Śrīcakrasaṃvarasādhana ̿ Critical Edition with Notes. Chisan-gakuhō (Journal of Chisan Studies) 49, 45–62.
Sugiki, Tsunehiko. (2003a). A Critical Study of the Vajraḍākamahātantrarāja (II) – Sacred Districts and
44
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌‒
Practices Concerned. Chisan-gakuhō (Journal of Chisan Studies) 52, 53–106.
Sugiki, Tsunehiko. (2003b). Five Types of Internal Maṇḍala Described in the Cakrasaṃvara Buddhist
Literature: Somatic Representations of One's Innate Sacredness. Tōyōbunka Kenkyūjo Kiyō (The
Memoirs of the Institute of Oriental Culture) 144, 276-202 (157-231).
Sugiki, Tsunehiko. (2007). Saṃvara Kei Mikkyō no Shosō (Aspects of Saṃvara Esoteric Buddhism). Tokyo: Tōshindō.
Sugiki, Tsunehiko. (2008 [2010]). Book Review: David B. Gray: The Cakrasamvara Tantra (The Discourse of Śrī Heruka): A Study and Annotated Translation. Journal of International Association of
Buddhist Studies, Vol. 31, 505-541.
Szántó, Peter Dániel. (2008). Book Review: David B. Gray: The Cakrasamvara Tantra (The Discourse
of Śrī Heruka): A Study and Annotated Translation. Tantric Studies, 1, 215–219.
Szántó, Peter Dániel. (2012). Selected Chapters from the Catuṣpīṭhatantra (2/2) Appendix Volume with
Critical Editions of Selected Chapters Accompanied by Bhavabhaṭṭa’s Commentary and A Bibliography, Ph.D thesis submitted to Oxford University.
45
Tsunehiko Sugiki: Kambala’s Sādhananidhi
ǫȳȐȩ˺ƀ঺‫ݼ‬ඥƷᔺࡉƁ
ÜÜᇹ 4᳸7 ᇘƷǵȳǹǯȪȃȈᛖȷȁșȃȈᛖఄᚖȆǭǹȈÜÜ
னங‒ ँࢠ≍1
⁅⁠⁡⁢⁥⁛⁥ ᢰᚪ‒ ᮏ✏ࡣࠊ୰ୡᮇ༡࢔ࢪ࢔࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢳࣕࢡࣛࢧࣦࣥ࢓ࣛ௖ᩍᩥ⊩⩌ࡢ⥲ᣓⓗ◊✲ࡢ୍⎔࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ
࢝ࣥࣂࣛసࠗࢧ࣮ࢲࢼ࣭ࢽࢹ࢕㸦ᡂᑵἲࡢⶶᗜ㸧
࠘ࡢ➨ ❶ࠊ ❶ࠊ ❶ࠊ ❶ࡢึࡢࢧࣥࢫࢡࣜ
ࢵࢺㄒ࡞ࡽࡧ࡟ࢳ࣋ࢵࢺㄒᰯゞࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࢝ࣥࣂࣛసࠗࢧ࣮ࢲࢼ࣭ࢽࢹ࢕࠘
ࡣ࣮ࠗ࣊ࣝ࢝࢔ࣅࢲ࣮ࢼ࣭ࢱࣥࢺࣛ࠘ࡢὀ㔘᭩࡛࠶ࡾࠊ๓⪅ࡢ➨ ❶ࠊ ❶ࠊ ❶ࠊ ❶ࡣࠊࡑࢀ
ࡒࢀᚋ⪅ࡢ➨ ❶ࠊ ❶ࠊ ❶ࠊ ❶ࡢὀ㔘࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ❶ࡢ୺㢟ࡣࠊ ⤌ࡢ⏨ዪࡢ⚄ࠎࢆ
㌟యෆ࡟ほ᝿ࡍࡿᐇ㊶࡜ࠊ᰿ᮏ࣐ࣥࢺࣛ࡜ࠊ⮬ศ⮬㌟ࢆᏲㆤࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ ேࡢ⏥ැࡢ⚄ࠎࡢほ᝿
ᐇ㊶࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
äääääääääääääääääääää⇓∞∕∞⇯……………………………………………………
ǫȳȐȩŴǵȸȀȊȷȋȇǣŴȁȣǯȩǵȳȴǡȩŴȘȸȫǫȷǢȓȀȸȊŴʿ૙ǿȳȈȩ
Ფ1 Faculty of Liberal Arts Kaichi Intarnational University
KAICHI INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Bulletin No.15
47
҅஭ΰᢹ≝⇾∞⇘∑↝ᛯྸ‫↝ܖ‬Йૺᛯ↚૿ↀ↺ⅤཎഷⅥ↝ࢫл
ᄂᆮ⇴∞⇮
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌‒
⇾∞⇘∑↝ᛯྸ‫↝ܖ‬Йૺᛯ↚૿ↀ↺ⅤཎഷⅥ↝ࢫл‒
⃬‫׎‬ᨥ⇶⇑∓−⇈↝ ⁂⁋⁂ ↖ဇⅳ↸↻↺ಒࣞ⇁ᛐᜤᛯႎ↚˳ኒ҄ↈ↺แͳ↝↎↰↚⅚
ⅤཎഷⅥ↝ࢫл↚දႸↆ↕Йૺᛯ⇁ྸᚐↈ↺‒‒
҅஭‒ ΰᢹ‒ 1
‒ ‫׎‬ᨥ⇶⇑∓−⇈≋ˌɦ ※‴≌↝Иሁ૙Ꮛ⇽∓⇖∏∆≋ˌɦ ⁂⁋⁂≌↞Ⅴಒࣞ≐દ˺Ⅵ⇑∐⇓∋∏∆
↖ⅱ↺⅛⁂⁋⁂ ↝Ⅴಒࣞ≐દ˺Ⅵ⇑∐⇓∋∏∆ⅻ⅚˂↝ನ঺ɼ፯↝‫૾↝↢ܖ‬ඥ↚‫↎↕ↆݣ‬ⅳ↧⇂Ο
↻↕ⅳ↺↝↞⅚↌↝ᢊφᇌ↕ⅻↆ→ⅺ↹ↆ↕ⅳ↺↎↰↖ⅱ↺⅛ↂ↝ᢊφᇌ↕↝ɟ↓↖ⅱ↺Ⅴಒࣞ
↚ؕ↔ⅾ‫↢ܖ‬Ⅵ≋⁕⁡⁠⁕⁗⁢⁦‒⁔⁓⁥⁗⁖‒⁞⁗⁓⁤⁠⁛⁠⁙≌↞↗↹↾ↀ᣻ᙲ↙↱↝↖ⅱ↺ⅻ⅚ο↓↝ⅤಒࣞⅥ↞⅚Ⴛ
ʝ↝᧓↝᧙̞ⅻᙹ‫↕↻ↄܭ‬ⅳ↙ⅳ⅛↌ↂ↖⅚ᜂಒࣞ↗↝᧙̞↳⅚↌↝ˮፗ↔ↀ↗ࢫл↗ᨂမ⇁ଢ
↸ⅺ↚ↆ↎⅚⇾∞⇘∑↝ᛯྸ‫↝ܖ‬ⅤಒࣞᛯⅥ↝ⅤɼᚇႎಒࣞⅥ↚ⅹↀ↺ⅤЙૺᛯⅥ⇁ᛐᜤᛯႎ↚
ᛠ↮Ⴚↈↂ↗↚↷↹⅚⁂⁋⁂ ↝ᜂಒࣞ↝ࢫл↗ᨂမ↗Ⴛʝ↝᧙̞⇁ᛐᜤ↝ข҄↝⇽∓⇡⇟↝ɶ↚ˮ
ፗ↔ↀ↷ⅵ↗ᎋⅷ↺⅛↌ↆ↕⅚↌↝แͳ˺ಅ↗ↆ↕⅚↭↉⅚⇾∞⇘∑↝Йૺᛯ⇁ᛐᜤᛯႎ↚ಒᚇ
ↆ↕↮↎ⅳ⅛↌↝↎↰↚↞⅚ཎഷ↝ࢫл↚දႸↆ↕Йૺᛯ⇁ྸᚐↆ↙ⅾ↕↞↙↸↙ⅳ⅛‒
äääääääääääääääääääää‒ ⇓∞∕∞⇯‒ ääääääääääääääääääää
‫׎‬ᨥ⇶⇑∓−⇈‒ ಒࣞ↚ؕ↔ⅾ‫ ‒↢ܖ‬ᛐᜤ↝ข҄‒ φ˳ႎ୍ᢄ‒ ཎഷ‒
㸯㸬࡞ࡐࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝㄽ⌮Ꮫࡢᴫᛕㄽࡢࠕ୺ほ
ⓗᴫᛕࠖ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕุ᩿ㄽࠖࡀ㔜せ࡞ࡢ
࠿
ᅜ㝿ࣂ࢝ࣟࣞ࢔㸦௨ୗ IB㸧ࡢึ➼ᩍ⫱ࣉࣟࢢࣛ
࣒㸦௨ୗ PYP㸧(ト㸯)ࡢᏛࡧࡢ᰿ᖿࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡢᩍ
⫱࡟᪊࠸࡚ࡇࢀࡲ࡛⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ⌧ᅾ
ࡢ୰࡛ࠊྛᴫᛕࡣ௚ࡢᴫᛕ࡜࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞㛵ಀࢆᣢ
ࡘࡢ࠿➼ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓ◊✲ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ⚾ࡣࡑࢀࢆ
᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࠕᴫᛕ㸫᧯స࣒ࠖ࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ
࡟ࡼࡿᏛࡧࢆࡼࡾᐇࡾࡢከ࠸ࡶࡢ࡟Ⓨᒎࡉࡏࡿ
ࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡑࡇ࡛ࠊㅖᴫᛕ࡜ࡑࡢⓎᒎ㛵ಀࢆࠊ఩⨨࡙ࡅ࡜
ࡶᗈࡃ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠕContents based࡛ࠖࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ
ᙺ๭࡜㝈⏺࡜ࢆྫྷ࿡ࡋࡘࡘ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓ࣮࣊ࢤ
ࠕConcept based࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠊ
ࠕConcept basedࠖࡢ
ࣝࡢㄽ⌮Ꮫࡢࠕᴫᛕㄽࠖ
ࠊ࡜ࡾࢃࡅࠕ୺ほⓗᴫᛕࠖ
ᛮ⪃ຊࢆ⩦ᚓࡋ⮬⏤࡟౑࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ
࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕุ᩿ㄽࠖࢆㄆ㆑ㄽⓗ࡟ㄞࡳ┤ࡍࡇ࡜࡟
┠ᶆ࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ௒ࡢ࡜ࡇࢁࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ
ࡼࡾࠊPYP ࡢㅖᴫᛕࡢᙺ๭࡜㝈⏺࡜┦஫ࡢ㛵ಀ
ࠕᴫᛕࠖࢆㄆ㆑ࡢ῝໬ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢ୰࡟఩⨨࡙ࡅࠊ
ࢆࠊㄆ㆑ࡢⓎᒎࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢ୰࡟఩⨨࡙ࡅࡼ࠺࡜
ࡑࢀࡽࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࠊㅖᴫ
⪃࠼ࡿࠋ
ᛕࡣᑐ㇟ࡢ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞㠃ࢆᤊ࠼ࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞㠃ࢆ
IB ࡢ PYP ࡣࠕᴫᛕ㸫᧯స࣒࡛ࠖ࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ
ᤊ࠼ࡿ஦ࡀฟ᮶࡞࠸ࡢ࠿ࠊㄆ㆑ࡢⓎᒎࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ
࠶ࡿࠋPYP ࡢࣇ࣮࣒࣮ࣞ࣡ࢡ࡛࠶ࡿࠕMaking
․‫‒‫‬
‒
․•‣‧ ࠰ ‫ ‫‬உ ․‫ ‫‬ଐӖྸ‒
The role of "particular" in “The judgement theory” of “Logic”
of Hegel.
*1 Katsurou Kitamura
᧏୓ஓ‫ܖݱ‬ఄ‒
the PYP happenࠖ(ト㸰)ࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟㏙࡭࡚
࠸ࡿࠋ
48
“Central to the philosophy of the PYP is the
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
࡟⌮ゎࡋ࡚࡯ࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊPYP ࡢᏛࡧࡢ
principle that purposeful, structured inquiry is
᰿ᖿࢆᡂࡍࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
a powerful vehicle for learning that promotes
࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊࠕᴫᛕࠖ࡜ࡣࠊ୍⯡ⓗ࡟ࠊ஦≀ࡢᛶ
meaning and understanding, and challenges
㉁ࠊㅖᛶ㉁࡝࠺ࡋࡢ㛵ಀࡸస⏝ࠊ௚ࡢ஦≀࡜ࡢ㛵
students to engage with significant ideas.
ಀࡸస⏝࡞࡝ࡢࠊศᯒࡸ⥲ྜࡸ୍⯡໬࡞࡝ࡢᛮ⪃
Hence in the PYP there is also a commitment
ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚ᚓࡽࢀࡿ஦≀ࡢᮏ㉁࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚
to a concept-driven curriculum as a means of
࠸ࡿࡀࠊPYP ࡢࠕᴫᛕ㸫᧯స࣒ࠖ࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢ
supporting that inquiry.”㸦ࠕMaking the PYP
ࠕᴫᛕࠖ࡜ࡣࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢⅬ
happenࠖ, 2009, p.15㸧
ࡀࠊࡼࡃㄗゎࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
PYP ࡢဴᏛ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚኱஦࡞ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ཎ⌮
࡛ࡣࠊPYP ࡢࠕᴫᛕ㸫᧯స࣒ࠖ࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢ
࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ┠ⓗⓗ࡛ᵓᡂⓗ࡞᥈✲ࡣࠊព࿡࡙
ࠕᴫᛕࠖ࡜ࡣࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࠿ࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊࠕ࢔
ࡅࡸ⌮ゎࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿᏛࡧ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚᭷ຊ࡞ᡭẁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࢖ࢢࣛࢫ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢࠕᴫᛕࠖࢆ
ࡲࡓࠊ⏕ᚐࡓࡕࢆ㔜せ࡞ほᛕ࡟῝ࡃ㛵ࢃࡿengageࡼ
㏻ࡋ࡚ࡳࡓࡽࠊ஦≀ࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ㄆ㆑ࡉࢀࡿ࠿࡜
࠺ಁࡍ᭷ຊ࡞ᡭẁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼ࠊPYP ࡟ࡣࠊࡲࡓࠊ
࠸࠺ࠊ஦≀ࢆぢࡿࡓࡵࡢࠕ㐨ලࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᛶ᱁ࡀᙉ
᥈✲ࢆࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࡍࡿᡭẁ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࠕᴫᛕ㸫᧯స࢝ࣜ࢟
࠸ࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࡤࠊPYP ࡢࠕᴫᛕࠖࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ
࣒ࣗࣛࠖࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
ࠕFormࠖࡣࠊ஦≀ࢆࠊᙧࡸⰍࠊ኱ࡁࡉ➼ࡢ㠃࠿
ࡽᤊ࠼ࡿᴫᛕ⿦⨨࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ᴾ
ࡇࢀࡣࠊᐇドⓗ࡞ᩍ⫱ࡢ᪉ἲ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡢࠊ
ࡑࡢⅬ࡛ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢᴫᛕࡣࠊ࢔ࣜࢫࢺࢸࣞࢫ
▱㆑㸫ఏ㐩ᆺࡢᤵᴗ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡾࠊᏛ⩦⪅⮬ࡽࡀ୺
ࡢࠕ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࠖࡸࠊ࢝ࣥࢺࡢࠕ୺ほࠖ࡟ඛ㦂ⓗ
యⓗ࡟▱㆑ࢆᵓᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠕᵓᡂ୺⩏ࠖࡢᏛ⩦࡛
࡟ഛࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠕᝅᛶࡢᴫᛕࠖ࡟㏆࠸ാࡁ࡛࠶ࡿ
࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊᏛ⩦⪅ࡢ୺యⓗ࡞ᛮ⪃࡜ᐇ㊶
࡜࠸࠼ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
࡜ࢆࡓ࠸࡬ࢇ㔜どࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࠕFormࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᴫᛕࡣࠊ୍౛ࢆᣲࡆࡿ࡜ࠊ
ࠕⓑ
PYP ࡢࠕᴫᛕ㸫᧯స࣒ࠖ࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡀ௚ࡢᵓᡂ
㤿ᒣࡢ㞷ᙧࠖࡀࠕ௦ᥙࡁࡢ㤿ࠖ࡟ぢ࠼ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ㄆ
୺⩏ࡢᏛࡧࡢ᪉ἲ(ト 3)࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡓ࠸࡬ࢇඃࢀ࡚
㆑ࢆᚓࡿࡓࡵࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࠕFunctionࠖ
࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊࡑࡢ㐨ල❧࡚ࡀࡋࡗ࠿ࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ
ࡣࠊᑐ㇟ࢆࠕᶵ⬟࣭ᙺ๭ࠖࡢ㠃࠿ࡽᤊ࠼ࡿᴫᛕ⿦
࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡔ࠿ࡽࠊࡑࡢࣇ࣮࣒࣮ࣞ࣡ࢡࢆࠕMaking
⨨࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࢆព㆑ⓗ࡟⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊᏛ
the PYP happenࠖ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⌮ゎࡍࢀࡤࠊᏛᰯ࠾
⩦⪅ࡣࠊࡓ࡜࠼ࡤࠊࠕⓑ㤿ᒣࡢࠗ௦ᥙࡁࡢ㤿࠘࡟
ࡼࡧᩍဨࡣึ➼ᩍ⫱ࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࢆసᡂࡍࡿ
ぢ࠼ࡿ㞷ᙧࡣࠊ㛗㔝┴ࡢᏳ᭎ࡢேࠎ࡟᫓ࡢ฿᮶࡜
ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡋࠊ୍ᐃࡢ㉁ࢆಖࡗࡓᏛࡧࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ
⡿సࡾࡢጞࡲࡾࢆ࿌ࡆࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺
࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
࡞ㄆ㆑ࢆᚓࡿࠋ
ࡇࡢ㐨ල❧࡚࡜ࡣࠊPYP ࡢࠕ஬ࡘࡢせ⣲࡛ࠖ
ึ➼ᩍ⫱ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡣࠊ୕ṓ࠿ࡽ༑஧ṓࡲ࡛
࠶ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡢࠕᩍ⛉ࡢᯟࢆ㉸࠼ࡓࠊභࡘࡢࢸ࣮࣐ࠖ
ࠊ
ࡢᏊ࡝ࡶࡓࡕࢆᑐ㇟࡟⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽࠊ
ࢡࣜࢸ࢕࢝ࣝࢩࣥ࢟ࣥࢢ㸦ከ㠃ⓗᛮ⪃㸧࡟ࡼࡾᩍ
ࡇࢀࡽࡢᴫᛕࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊᏊ࡝ࡶࡓࡕࡀ
⛉ࡢᯟࢆ㉸࠼ࡓᏛࡧࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࡓࡵࡢࠕඵࡘࡢᴫ
ᑐ㇟ࢆࠊᩍ⛉࡜࠸࠺ᯟ⤌ࡳࡢࡳ࠿ࡽぢࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞
ᛕࠖࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠕᴫᛕ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃᏛࡧࠖ
㸦concept based
ࡃࠊࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ゅᗘ࠿ࡽ⪃࠼ࠊ▱㆑ࢆᚓ࡚ࠊ୍⯡
learning㸧ࠊᴫᛕ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃᏛࡧࢆ⾜࠺ࡓࡵࡢࠕᩍ
໬࡟ࡼࡾࠊୡ⏺ほࢆ⮬ࡽᵓᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ࠊ
⛉ࡢᯟࢆ㉸࠼ࡓࢫ࢟ࣝࠖࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡢᏛࡧࡢ⤖
ࡓ࠸࡬ࢇඃࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࡇࢀࡣྠ᫬࡟ࠊ
ᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚⾲ࢀࡿࠊࠕែᗘࠖ࡜ࠕ⾜ືࠖࡢኚ໬࡛࠶
ᩍ⛉࡛⋓ᚓࡋࡓ▱㆑ࡸ᪉ἲࢆࠊᩍ⛉ࡢᯟࢆ㉸࠼࡚
ࡿࠋ࡞࠿࡛ࡶࠊ
ࠕᴫᛕ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃᏛࡧࠖࡣࠊ
ࠕᏛ⩦⪅
ά⏝ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࠕ㐨ල࡛ࠖࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ
49
҅஭ΰᢹ≝⇾∞⇘∑↝ᛯྸ‫↝ܖ‬Йૺᛯ↚૿ↀ↺ⅤཎഷⅥ↝ࢫл
ࡉ࡚ࠊPYP ࡛⏝࠸ࡿࠕᴫᛕࠖࡣḟࡢඵࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ;
ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊᐈほⓗ࡞ᑐ㇟ࡢᮏ㉁
ࡑࢀࡽࡣࠊForm, Function, Causation, Con-
ࡢㄆ㆑ࡣၥ㢟࡜ࡉࢀࡎࠊࡲࡓࠊᐈほⓗ࡞┿⌮ࡢᏑ
nection, Change, Perspective, Responsibility,
ᅾࡶࠊࡑࡢㄆ㆑ࡶၥ㢟࡜ࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ
Reflection ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊㅖᴫᛕࡣࠊ┦஫࡟ᚲ↛ⓗ࡞㐃㛵ࢆᣢ
ࠕMaking the PYP happen࡛ࠖࡣࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺
ࡓ࡞࠸ࠋ࡞࡟ࡼࡾࡶࠊᑐ㇟࡟ᑐࡍࡿㄆ㆑ࡸᛮ⪃῝
࡟㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡲࡾࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢ୰ࡢ࡝ࡇ࡟఩⨨ࡋࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞
A set of eight concepts was drawn up, each of
ᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࠊㅖᴫᛕࡣᑐ㇟ࡢ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺
which, it is felt, is of major importance in the
࡞㠃ࢆᤕ࠼ࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞㠃ࢆᤕ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀฟ᮶࡞
design of a transdisciplinary curriculum. These
࠸ࡢ࠿ࠊㄆ㆑ࡢ῝໬ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢ୰࡛ྛᴫᛕࡣࠊ
concepts are:
௚ࡢᴫᛕ࡜࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞㛵ಀࢆᣢࡘࡢ࠿ࠊ➼ࡢၥ㢟
୍㐃ࡢඵࡘࡢᴫᛕࡀᩚ⌮ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡑࢀࡒࢀࡣࠊ⡆༢࡟
ࡣࠊࡑࡶࡑࡶࠕၥ㢟ࠖ࡜ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ
ࠕᴫᛕࠖࡣࠊ
ゐࢀࡿ࡜ࠊ㉸ᩍ⛉ⓗ࡞࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢタィ࡟᪊ࡅࡿ኱
࡝ࡇࡲ࡛ࡶࠕ㐨ල࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠕ⿦⨨࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ
ኚ㔜せ࡞ࡶࡢ࡟ᒓࡍࡿࠋࡑࢀࡽࡢᴫᛕ࡜ࡣ࣭࣭࣭࣭
ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࠕᴫᛕࠖࢆࡶࡕ࠸࡚ࠊᏊ࡝ࡶ
• form ᙧయ
ࡓࡕ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠕConcept based learningࠖࢆ⾜ࡗ
• function ᶵ⬟
࡚࠸ࡃ௨ୖࡣࠊᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶࠕඵࡘࡢᴫᛕࠖࢆࠊㄆ
• causation ㆑ࡢ῝໬࡜Ⓨᒎ࡜ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢ୰࡟఩⨨࡙ࡅࡿ
ᅉᯝ㛵ಀ
• change ኚ໬
ᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡽࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙺ๭ࢆ
• connection 㛵ಀ
ᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࠊㅖᴫᛕࡣᑐ㇟ࡢ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞㠃ࢆ
• perspective ぢ᪉࣭ほⅬ
ᤕ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞㠃ࢆᤕ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ
• responsibility ㈐௵
࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡢ࠿ࠊㄆ㆑ࡢⓎᒎࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢ୰࡛ࠊྛ
• reflection. ཯┬࣭᣺ࡾ㏉ࡾ࣭࣓ࢱㄆ▱࣭┦㛵
ᴫᛕࡣ௚ࡢᴫᛕ࡜࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞㛵ಀࢆᣢࡘࡢ࠿➼
ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢྠኈࡢෆⓗ㛵ಀ
ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋ(ト 5)
㸦ࠕMaking the PYP happenࠖ, 2009, p .16㸧
ࡑࡇ࡛ࠊㅖᴫᛕ࡜ࡑࡢⓎᒎ㛵ಀࢆࠊ఩⨨࡙ࡅ࡜
ᙺ๭࡜㝈⏺࡜ࢆྫྷ࿡ࡋࡘࡘ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓ࣮࣊ࢤ
ࡇࢀ௨እ࡟ࠊrelated concepts ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ࠸ࡃࡘ
ࣝࡢㄽ⌮Ꮫࡢࠕᴫᛕㄽࠖ
ࠊ࡜ࡾࢃࡅࠕ୺ほⓗᴫᛕࠖ
࠿ࡢࠕᴫᛕࠖࢆ⏝࠸ࡿ(ト 4)ࠋࡔࡀࠊࡇࡢඵࡘࡢ
࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕุ᩿ㄽࠖࢆㄆ㆑ㄽⓗ࡟ㄞࡳ┤ࡍࡇ࡜࡟
ࠕᴫᛕࠖࡣࠊ┦஫ࡢ㛫ࡢ㛵ಀࡀࠊ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡉࢀ࡚
ࡼࡾࠊPYP ࡢㅖᴫᛕࡢᙺ๭࡜㝈⏺࡜┦஫ࡢ㛵ಀ
࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊࢡࣜࢸ࢕࢝ࣝࢩࣥ࢟ࣥࢢ(PYP
ࢆࠊㄆ㆑ࡢⓎᒎࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢ୰࡟఩⨨࡙ࡅࡼ࠺࡜
࡛ࡣࠊ
ࠕከ㠃ⓗ࡞ᛮ⪃ࠖ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ)ࡢࡓࡵ
⪃࠼ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ‽ഛసᴗ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࡲࡎࠊ࣊
ࡢᴫᛕ⿦⨨࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࡔ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ
࣮ࢤࣝࡢุ᩿ㄽࢆㄆ㆑ㄽⓗ࡟ᴫほࡋ࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ࠋ
ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊࣉࣛࢢ࣐ࢸ࢕ࢬ࣒࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢖ࣥࢫࢺ
(ト 6)
࣓ࣝࣥࢱࣜࢬ࣒ࡢᙳ㡪࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ
ࡑࡢᚋࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢุ᩿ㄽࡢุ᩿ㅖᙧᘧ࡜
࢖ࣥࢫࢺ࣓ࣝࣥࢱࣜࢬ࣒ࡣࠊ
ࠕᴫᛕࠖࢆእ⏺ࡢཷ
PYP ࡢㅖᴫᛕࡢ㛵ಀࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࠊࡑࡇ࠿ࡽ㹎
ືⓗ࡞ᶍ෗࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡜ࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢⅬ࡛ࠊᶵᲔⓗ࡞
㹗㹎ࡢྛࠕᴫᛕࠖࡢᙺ๭࡜㝈⏺ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧࠊ┦஫ࡢ
Ỵᐃㄽࡢㄆ㆑ㄽࢆ㉸࠼ࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ
㛵ಀࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡽ௨እࡢࠕᴫᛕࠖ࡜ࡢ㐃㛵
ࠕᴫᛕࠖࡣࠊே㛫ࡀ⎔ቃ࡟㐺ᛂࡋ࡚ࡺࡃࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ
ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ
⏕ά㐣⛬࡛ࡢࠕၥ㢟ࠖࢆゎỴࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࠕ㐨ලࠖ
ࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࠊᮏ✏࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡲࡎࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝ
࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊᅛᐃࡋࡓᛶ㉁ࡢࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞
ࡢㄽ⌮Ꮫࡢࠕᴫᛕㄽࠖࠊ࡜ࡾࢃࡅࠕ୺ほⓗᴫᛕࠖ
ࡃࠊ⏕ά⤒㦂ࡢ୰࡛ࡘࡡ࡟ヨࡉࢀኚᐜࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡶ
࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕุ᩿ㄽࠖࢆㄆ㆑ㄽⓗ࡟ㄞࡳ┤ࡋࡓࠕᴫ
50
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
ほࠖࢆ㏙࡭ࡿࠋ
࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ࡜ࡇࢁࡀࠊ⮬ࡽ୍ࡘࡢࠕ≉
Ṧ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠕลࠖࡢ㒊ศࡣࠊ௚ࡢࠕ≉Ṧࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚
㸰㸬࡞ࡐࠊ≉Ṧࡢᙺ๭࡟ὀ┠ࡋ࡚ࠕุ᩿ㄽࠖ
ࢆㄞࡴࡢ࠿
ࡢࠕᓠࠖࡢ㒊ศࡸࠕ᯶ࠖࡢ㒊ศ࡟ࢼ࢖ࣇࡢ㒊ศ࡜
ࡋ࡚ࡢᙺ๭ࢆ୚࠼ࡘࡘࠊ඲యࢆ୍ࡘࡢࢼ࢖ࣇ㸦ࠕಶ
ูࠖ㸧࡜ࡋ࡚ࡲ࡜ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠕᬑ㐢࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡇ࠺
ᑐ㇟ࢆㄆ㆑ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊࡑࡢᴫᛕࢆᢕᥱ
ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊㄽ⌮ⓗ
࡞ࡶࡢ㸦ࣟࢦࢫ㸧ࢆ๓ᥦ࡜ࡍࡿࠋ࢝ࣥࢺࡣࠊࡑࡢ
ㄽ⌮ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࢆ୺ほ࡟ඛ㦂ⓗ࡟ഛࢃࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛
࠶ࡿ࡜ࡋࡓࡓࡵࠊ࢝ࣥࢺ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕᴫᛕࠖࡣࠕෆ
ᐜࠖࢆᢳ㇟ࡉࢀࡓࠕᙧᘧⓗࠖ࡞ࡶࡢ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ
ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡣࠕᢳ㇟ⓗᬑ㐢࡛ࠖ࠶
ࡾࠊ⮬ࡽࢆࠕ≉Ṧ໬ࠖࡍࡿཎ⌮ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ
ࡑࡢ඾ᆺⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡀࠊ
ࠕ✀ᴫᛕࠖ
㸦≉Ṧ㸧࡛࠶ࡿ
࢖ࢾ࣭ࢿࢥ࣭࣐࢘➼ࠎ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ့ங㢮࡜࠸࠺ࠕ㢮
ᴫᛕࠖ
㸦ᬑ㐢㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࠕ㢮ᴫᛕࠖ
㸦ᬑ㐢㸧ࡣ
ࠕ✀ᴫᛕࠖ㸦≉Ṧ㸧ࡢලయⓗ࡞つᐃࢆศᯒࡋ࡚ᚓ
ࡽࢀࡓࠕඹ㏻ᛶ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊㄆ㆑ࡢ୍ẁ㝵
࡛࠶ࡿᢳ㇟໬ࡸ୍⯡໬࡟᪊࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡓ࠸࡬ࢇ㔜せ
࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ့ங㢮࡜࠸࠺ࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡀ⮬ࡽ≉
Ṧ໬ࡋ࡚࢖ࢾࡸࢿࢥ࡟࡞ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋ
ࡓ㢮ᴫᛕ(ᬑ㐢)࡟እ࠿ࡽ✀ᕪࢆຍ࠼࡚(⥲ྜ)ࠊල
యⓗ࡞஦≀ࢆᤕ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡀ⮬ࡽࢆ≉
Ṧ໬ࡍࡿཎ⌮ࢆᣢࡓ࡞࠸ࠕᢳ㇟ⓗᬑ㐢࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ
࡜ࡣ࠸ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࠕᢳ㇟ⓗᬑ㐢ࠖࡸࠊࡑࢀ
ࢆᚓࡿࠕศᯒࠖࡶࠊᛮ⪃࡟࠾ࡅࡿ୍ẁ㝵࡜ࡋ࡚ࡓ
࠸࡬ࢇ㔜せ࡞ព⩏ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࠸࠺ࡲ࡛
ࡶ࡞࠸ࠋ
࡜ࡇࢁࡀࠊ୍᪉࡛ࠊᑐ㇟ࡢෆ㒊ᵓ㐀ࡸࡑࡢኚ໬
࠿ࡽࠊᑐ㇟ࡢⓎᒎࢆᤕ࠼ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ࠊ
⮬ࡽࡀ⮬ࡽࢆ≉Ṧ໬ࡍࡿཎ⌮ࢆᣢࡓ࡞࠸ࠕᢳ㇟ⓗ
ᬑ㐢࡛ࠖࡣࠊ୙ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤࠊ
ࠕࢼ࢖ࣇࠖ࡜࠸࠺㐨ලࢆᴫᛕⓗ࡟⌮
ゎࡍࡿ࡜ࡋࡼ࠺ࠋࡲࡎࠊࡦ࡜ࡘࡢࢼ࢖ࣇࡣࠊศᯒ
࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊลࡢ㒊ศ࡜ᓠࡢ㒊ศ࡜᯶ࡢ㒊ศ࡜࡟ศ
ࡅࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡣࠊࠕ≉Ṧ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡂ࡟ࠊ
ࢼ࢖ࣇࢆࠕࢼ࢖ࣇࠖࡓࡽࡋࡵ࡚࠸ࡿዎᶵࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿
࡟ࡍࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࠕลࠖࡢ㒊ศ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕᓠࠖࡢ㒊
ศࡸࠕ᯶ࠖࡢ㒊ศࡀࢼ࢖ࣇࢆࠕࢼ࢖ࣇࠖࡓࡽࡋࡵ
࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ⮬ࡽ௚ࡢ㒊ศ࡟ᙺ๭ࢆ୚࠼ࠊ඲యࢆ
⤫୍ࡍࡿࡢࡀࠊࠕ≉Ṧ໬ࡍࡿཎ⌮࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊ᳜≀ࡢࠕ✀Ꮚࠖࡣ⮬ࡽࢆⱼ࡟ࠊ᰿࡟ࠊᯞ
࡟ࠊⴥ࡟࣭࣭࣭࡜ࠕ≉Ṧ໬ࠖࡋࡘࡘࠊࡑࡢࡑࢀࡒ
ࢀࡀࠊ✀ᏊࡀⓎᒎࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ✀Ꮚࡣࠊࡑ
ࢀࡒࢀࡢࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢ୰࡟࠶ࡗ࡚⮬ศ⮬㌟㸦ࠕᬑ㐢ࠖ㸧
࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇ࠺࠸࠺ࠊ⮬ࡽࡢෆ࡟⮬ᕫࡸ௚⪅ࢆ≉Ṧ
໬ࡍࡿཎ⌮ࢆᣢࡗࡓࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡀࠕලయⓗᬑ㐢࡛ࠖ
࠶ࡾࠊ⮬ࡽࡢෆ࡟ᵓ㐀(ㅖ≉Ṧࡢྰᐃⓗ㛵ಀ)ࢆᣢ
ࡕࠊ⮬ࡽࢆㅖ≉Ṧ࡜ࡋ࡚ᒎ㛤ࡍࡿࠕಶู࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠊ
ࠕ୺య࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡉ࡚ࠊ
ࠕᴫᛕࠖࡣࠕᬑ㐢ࠖ
ࠕ≉Ṧࠖࠕಶูࠖ࡜࠸
࠺୕ࡘࡢዎᶵࢆྵࡳࠊࡇࡢ୕ࡘࡣᴫᛕࡢ඲య࡛࠶
ࡿࠋࡑࡢព࿡࡛ࠕᴫᛕࠖࡣࠕ⥲యᛶ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ
ࠕᬑ
㐢ࠖࡣࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࠕ⥲యᛶࠖࡢ࡞࠿࡟࠶ࡾࡘࡘࠊ
ࡍ࡭࡚ࡢዎᶵ(ㅖ≉Ṧ)࡟ᾐ㏱ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊྠ᫬࡟ࠊ
⮬ࡽࢆ௚ࡢዎᶵ(≉Ṧ࡜ಶู)࠿ࡽ༊ูࡋࠊࡇࢀ࡟
ᑐ❧ࡍࡿዎᶵ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡺ࠼࡟ࠊㅖዎᶵ࡛࠶ࡿㅖ
≉Ṧࡣࠊᬑ㐢ࡢຊ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㐃㛵ࡋ࡚ࠕ⥲యࠖ(ಶ
ู)࡜࡞ࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊࠕᬑ㐢ࠖ࡜ࡑࡢᐃᅾ(ㅖ≉Ṧ)
ࡀ▩┪ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊࠕಶูࠖࡣࠊ㐍໬࣭Ⓨᒎ
ࡍࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ࠊ
ࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡣࠊ
ࠕ⮬⏤࡞ຊ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡣࠕ≉Ṧࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ
ࡢࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡣ✀ᕪࢆྵࡳ࡞ࡀࡽࠊྠࡌ୍ࡘࡢࠕᬑ
㐢ࠖࡢࡶ࡜࡛ࠕ⥲యᛶࠖࢆᙧసࡿࠋࡇࡢព࿡࡛ࡣࠊ
ࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡣࠕཎ⌮࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡉ࡚ࠊᙧᘧㄽ⌮Ꮫࡸ࢝ࣥࢺࡢᝅᛶᴫᛕ࡜ẚ࡭࡚ࠊ
࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢㄽ⌮Ꮫ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕᴫᛕࠖࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿ࡟
ࡣࠊ
ࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡣࡶࡕࢁࢇ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ
ࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢᙺ๭
ࢆṇ☜࡟⌮ゎࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢ⌮⏤ࢆࠊ࣮࣊
ࢤࣝㄽ⌮Ꮫࡢࠕᴫᛕࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢඛ⾜◊✲ࢆ᣺ࡾ
㏉ࡾࠊࡑࡢ฿㐩Ⅼ࡜ၥ㢟Ⅼࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ⪃
࠼࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ࠋ
51
҅஭ΰᢹ≝⇾∞⇘∑↝ᛯྸ‫↝ܖ‬Йૺᛯ↚૿ↀ↺ⅤཎഷⅥ↝ࢫл
㸱 ඛ⾜◊✲ࡢ฿㐩Ⅼ࡜ၥ㢟Ⅼ
࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢㄽ⌮Ꮫࡢࠕᴫㄽࠖ࡟᪊ࡅࡿࠕุ᩿ࠖ
ࡢඛ⾜◊✲࡜ࡣࠊ⛉Ꮫⓗㄆ㆑࡜ࡢ࠿࠿ࢃࡾ࡟࠾࠸
࡚⾜ࢃࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ḟࡢࡶࡢࢆ◊✲ࡋࡓࠋ
ձ ࠕ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢุ᩿ㄽ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠖ㸦㕥ᮌⱱ
1975㹼1978 ᯇᒣၟ኱ㄽ㞟ࠓึฟࠔ1989 ࠕ㕥
ᮌⱱㄽᩥ㞟 3ࠖᩥ⌮㛶㸧
ղ ࠕ࣮࣊ࢤࣝㄽ⌮Ꮫධ㛛ࠖ㫏ᆏ┿࣭᭷ᑿⰾ⦾࣭
㕥ᮌⱱ ⦅ 1978 ᭷ᩫ㛶)
ճ ࠕ࣮࣊ࢤࣝ኱ㄽ⌮Ꮫ㸹ᴫᛕㄽࡢ◊✲ࠖ
㸦࣮࣊ࢤ
ࣝㄽ⌮Ꮫ◊✲఍ 1991 ኱᭶᭩ᗑ㸧
մ ࠕ⛉Ꮫ⌮ㄽ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࣮࣊ࢤࣝ኱ㄽ⌮Ꮫᢈุࠖ
㸦㏿ᕝ἞㑻 1996 㟷ᒣ♫㸧
ࡇࢀࡽ࡟ඹ㏻ࡍࡿࡢࡣࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢㄽ⌮ᏛࢆᏑ
ᅾㄽ࡜ࡋ࡚⌮ゎࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࡲࡎࠊࡇࢀࢆㄆ㆑ㄽ
࡜ࡋ࡚⌮ゎࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡓ
࡜࠼ࡤࠊ㕥ᮌẶࡣࠊ
ࠕุ᩿ㄽࡢࡑࡢࠗྜ⌮ⓗ࡞᰾࠘
ࡣࠊ࣭࣭࣭ࡓࡔࠊᅛయࡢⓎᒎࠊ⌧ᐇࡢᘚドἲ࡜ᛮ
ᝳࡢⓎᒎࠊㄆ㆑ࡢᘚドἲ࡜ࢆࡣࡗࡁࡾ༊ูࡋࠊࡑ
ࢀࡒࢀࡢ⊂⮬ࡢព⩏ࢆࡘ࠿ࡴࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡢࡳࠊ
࡞ࡉࢀࡿࠋ
ࠖ
㸦㕥ᮌⱱࠕ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢุ᩿ㄽ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠖ
ࠕ㕥ᮌⱱㄽᩥ㞟 3ࠖ, ᩥ⌮㛶,p.11㸧࡜㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊᘚドἲࢆḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟⌮ゎ
ࡋ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡜ᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠕ࣮࣊ࢤࣝ
ࡢゝ࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ࠊ⌧ᐇࡢᘚドἲࢆࠗㄽド࠘ࡏࡎࡓࡔ
ࠗᣦ᦬࠘ࡍࡿࡔࡅࡢࡶࡢࠊ⌧ᐇ࡜ྠࡌ⮬ᕫ㐠ືࡍ
ࡿᛮᝳࡢἲ๎࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ⌧ᐇ࡜ᛮᝳࡢ୙୍⮴࡞࠸
ࡋ▩┪ࢆཎືຊ࡜ࡋࠊࡑࢀࢆゎᾘࡋඞ᭹ࡋ࡚ࠊ୍
㠃ⓗㄆ㆑࠿ࡽ඲㠃ⓗㄆ㆑࡬ࠊపḟࡢㄆ㆑࠿ࡽ㧗ḟ
ࡢㄆ㆑࡬ࠊࡑࡢࡶࡢࡢ⌧㇟࠿ࡽᮏ㉁࡬࡜ࠊࡘࡡ࡟
࠶ࡽࡓ࡞ㄆ㆑࡟࠺ࡘࡾࡺࡃᛮᝳࡢⓎᒎἲ๎࡛࠶
ࡾࠊࡲࡓ⌧ᐇࢆᤊ࠼ࡿᛮᝳࡢ᪉ἲࡑࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶
ࡿࠖ㸦ྠ㸧࡜࠸࠺ㄆ㆑ࡢ㐣⛬࡜ࡋ࡚ᤕ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ
ᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡉ࡚ࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢㄽ⌮Ꮫࡢุ᩿ㄽࢆㄆ㆑ㄽⓗ࡟
ㄞࡴ࡟࠶ࡓࡾࠊ⚾ࡀ㔜せࡔ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࡢࡣࠊ
ࠕ≉Ṧࠖ
ࡢᙺ๭࡟ὀ┠ࡋ࡚ㄞࡴࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣ࡞ࡐ࠿ࠋ
ุ᩿ࡣࠊࢻ࢖ࢶㄒ࡛ࡣ Urteil㸦ཎ㸫ศ๭㸧࡛࠶
ࡾࠊᴫᛕࡀ୺ㄒ㸫㏙ㄒ࡟ศ๭ࡉࢀࠊ㛵ಀ௜ࡅࡽࢀ
ࡿࠋ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢุ᩿ㄽ࡛ࡣࠊࠕ୺ㄒ㸫㏙ㄒࠖࡣࠊ
ࡉࡋ࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࡣࠊࠕಶู㸫ᬑ㐢ࠖࡢ㛵ಀ࡜ࡋ࡚Ⓩ
ሙࡋࠊࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡣ⫼ᚋ࡟㞃ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ⫼
ᚋ࡟㞃ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢᙺ๭ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼ
ࡾࠊุ᩿ࡢྛẁ㝵ࡢጇᙜᛶ࡜㝈⏺ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧࠊ㛵ಀ
ࡀࠊᑐ㇟ࡢㄆ㆑ࡢ῝ࡲࡾࡢ୰࡟ぢ࠼࡚ࡃࡿࠋࡑࡢ
ព࿡࡛ࠊ
ࠕ≉Ṧࠖ࡟ὀ┠ࡋุ࡚᩿ㄽࢆㄞࡴࡇ࡜ࡀࠊ
㞴ゎ࡞࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢุ᩿ㄽࢆᐜ᫆࡟ࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᚋ
㏙ࡍࡿࡀࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢุ᩿ㄽࢆㄆ㆑ㄽ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡼࡾ
Ⓨᒎࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࡢ᪉⟇࡜ࡶ࡞ࡿࠋ
ࡑࢀࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࡟࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ᚲせ࡞ࡢࡣࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝ
ࡣࠕᴫᛕࠖ࡟᪊ࡅࡿࠕ≉Ṧࠖࢆ࡝࠺ᤊ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࠿
࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ
ࠕᴫᛕࠖࡣࠊ
ࠕᬑ
㐢ᛶࠖ࡜ࠕ≉Ṧᛶࠖ࡜ࠕಶูᛶࠖ࡜࠸࠺୕ࡘࡢዎ
ᶵ࠿ࡽ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡇࢀࡽࡣࠊᙧᘧㄽ⌮Ꮫ࡛ᢅ
ࢃࢀࡿࢲ࢖ࢥࣥࡸࢽࣥࢪࣥ➼ࡢ✀ᕪࢆᤞ㇟ࡋ࡚
ᚓࡽࢀࡿࠕ᳜≀ࠖࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠊࡓࡔᛮ⪃ࡢୖ࡛ࡢඹ
㏻ᛶ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡢࠕᢳ㇟ⓗᬑ㐢ࠖࠊ࠾ࡼࡧࠊ༢
࡞ࡿ✀ᕪ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡸࠕಶู࡛ࠖࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ
ᬑ㐢ࡣ⮬ᕫࡢ࠺ࡕ࠿ࡽ⮬ᕫࢆ༊ูࡋࡓࡾ⏕ࡳฟ
ࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿࠕ⤯ᑐⓗ࡞፹௓ࠖࡘࡲࡾࠕ⮬ᕫ፹௓ࠖ
࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊࡑࡢ༊ูࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ㸦ㅖ≉Ṧ㸧
ࡶ⮬ศ⮬㌟࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽࠊࠕ༢⣧࡞⮬ᕫ㛵ಀ࡛ࠖ࠶
ࡿࠋࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࠕලయⓗᬑ㐢ࠖࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ
࠿ࡽࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢࠕ≉Ṧࠖࢆṇ☜࡟⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇ࡜
ࡀ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢࠕᴫᛕࠖࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊุ᩿ㄽࡢᒎ㛤
ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿ࠺࠼࡛ࡢ࢝ࢠ࡟࡞ࡿࠋ㏫࡟ゝ࠺࡜ࠊ࣊
࣮ࢤࣝࡢᬑ㐢ᴫᛕࡸุ᩿ㄽࢆṇ☜࡟⌮ゎ࡛ࡁ࡞
࠸ࡢࡣࠊࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢ⌮ゎࡀ୙ṇ☜࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ
࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ
ࡑࡇ࡛ࠊࡲࡎࠕᴫᛕࠖࠊḟ࡟ࠕᴫᛕㅖつᐃࠖ
㸦ᬑ
㐢࣭≉Ṧ࣭ಶู㸧ࠊ࡜࠸࠺㡰࡟ࠊඛ⾜◊✲ࢆぢ࡚
࠸ࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠺ࠋ
ࡲࡎࠊࠕᴫᛕࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡣḟࡢࡼ
࠺࡟つᐃࡍࡿࠋ
ࠕᴫᛕ㸦Begriff㸧ࡣࠊྥ⮬ⓗ࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿᐇయⓗ
࡞ຊ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ⮬⏤࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ᴫᛕࡣࡲ
ࡓయ⣔ⓗ࡞඲య㸦Totalität㸧࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊᴫᛕࡢ࠺
52
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
ࡕ࡛ࡣࡑࡢㅖ࣓ࣔࣥࢺࡢྛࠎࡣࠊᴫᛕࡀࡑ࠺࡛࠶
࣒࡛ࣛ⏝࠸ࡿㅖᴫᛕࢆ఩⨨࡙ࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊࡑ
ࡿࡼ࠺࡞඲యࢆ࡞ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᴫᛕ࡜ࡢ୙ྍศࡢ⤫
ࢀࡽࡢጇᙜᛶ࡜㝈⏺࠾ࡼࡧ┦஫ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿
୍࡜ࡋ࡚ᐃ❧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ᴫᛕࡣࠊ⮬
࡟ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ㄢ㢟࠿ࡽࠊ๓⪅ࡢ❧ሙࢆ࡜ࡾࡓ࠸ࠋ
ᕫྠ୍ࡢ࠺ࡕ࡟࠶ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ༶⮬࠿ࡘᑐ⮬ⓗ࡟つ
ᚋ⪅ࡢ❧ሙࡔ࡜ࠊㄆ㆑ࡣ⌧ᐇࡢ㐍ᒎ࡜ྠࡌࣉࣟࢭ
ᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࠖ
㸦࣮࣊ࢤࣝࠕᑠㄽ⌮Ꮫࠖ
ࢫࢆṌࡴࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽࠊㄆ㆑⊂⮬ࡢ
㸦ୗ㸧ᯇᮧ࿴ேヂ ᒾἼᩥᗜ p.121㸧
୺యᛶࡀ࠿ࡍࢇ࡛ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋࡑࢀࡤ࠿ࡾ࠿ࠊศᯒࡸ
ࠕᴫᛕࠖ࡜ࡣࠊ୍᪉࡛ࡣࠕྥ⮬ⓗ࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿᐇ
⥲ྜࠊ୍⯡໬➼ࡢㄆ㆑ࡢ㔜せ࡞స⏝ࢆᤕ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜
ែⓗ࡞ຊ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ⮬⏤࡞ࡶࡢࠖ
ࠊࡘࡲࡾࠊ
ࠕⓎᒎᛶࠖ
ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࠋ
࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠕຊ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠊ௚᪉࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠕయ⣔ⓗ
࡞඲య㸦Totalität㸧࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊᴫᛕࡢ࠺ࡕ࡛ࡣࡑ
ḟ࡟ࠊᴫᛕㅖつᐃ㸦ᬑ㐢࣭≉Ṧ࣭ಶู㸧࡟ࡘ࠸
ࡢㅖ࣓ࣔࣥࢺࡢྛࠎࡣࠊᴫᛕࡀࡑ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡞
࡚࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
඲యࢆ࡞ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᴫᛕ࡜ࡢ୙ྍศࡢ⤫୍࡜ࡋ࡚
ࠕᴫᛕࡑࡢࡶࡢࡣࠊࡘࡂࡢ୕ࡘࡢ࣓ࣔࣥࢺࢆྵࢇ
ᐃ❧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ
ࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ
ࠕ᭷ᶵⓗ⤫୍ࠖ࠶ࡿ
࡛࠸ࡿࠋ
㸦㸯㸧ᬑ㐢㸦Allgemeinheit㸧ɆɆࡇࢀࡣࠊ
࠸ࡣࠕཎ⌮࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࠕ᭷ᶵⓗ࡟⤫୍ࡉ
ࡑࡢつᐃែࡢ࠺ࡕ࡟࠶ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽࡶ⮬ศ⮬㌟࡜ࡢ
ࢀࡓ඲యࠖࡀ࠶ࡿ≧ែ࠿ࡽ௚ࡢ≧ែ࡬࡜Ⓨᒎࡍࡿ
⮬⏤࡞┦➼ᛶ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
㸦㸰㸧≉Ṧ㸦Besonderheit㸧
ࡇ࡜ࢆ࡜ࡽ࠼ࡓࡶࡢࡀ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢࠕᴫᛕ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ
ɆɆࡇࢀࡣࠊࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ࡛ᬑ㐢ࡀ᭎ࡾࡢ࡞ࡃ⮬ศ⮬
㌟࡟➼ࡋ࠸ጼࢆಖࡗ࡚࠸ࡿつᐃែ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸦㸱㸧
ࡇࡢࠕᴫᛕࠖ࡜ࠕⓎᒎࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢゎ㔘ࡣࠊḟ
ಶ㸦Einzelnheit㸧ɆɆࡇࢀࡣࠊᬑ㐢࠾ࡼࡧ≉Ṧࡢ
ࡢ஧ࡘ࡟኱ูࡉࢀࡿࠋ୍ࡘࡣࠊ▱ぬࡸ⤒㦂࠿ࡽጞ
つᐃែࡢ⮬ᕫ཯┬࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⮬ᕫ࡜
ࡲࡿㄆ㆑ࡢ㐍ᒎࡣࠊྛẁ㝵࡟࠾࠸࡚ᑐ㇟ࡢ⾲㠃ⓗ
ࡢྰᐃⓗ⤫୍ࡣࠊ༶⮬࠿ࡘᑐ⮬ⓗ࡟つᐃࡉࢀࡓࡶ
࡞ኚ໬࠿ࡽ཯┬ⓗ࡞㛵ಀࠊࡉࡽ࡟ᚲ↛ⓗ࡞㛵ಀ࠿
ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊྠ᫬࡟⮬ᕫྠ୍࡞ࡶࡢ࠶ࡿ࠸
ࡽ᭷ᶵⓗ࡞㛵ಀࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡘ࠸࡟ࡣࠊ᭷ᶵⓗ࡟⤫
ࡣᬑ㐢ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ㸦࣮࣊ࢤࣝࠕᑠㄽ⌮Ꮫࠖ
୍ࡉࢀࡓ඲య㸦ᵓ㐀ࡸཎ⌮㸧ࡢⓎᒎ㸦Ṕྐᛶ㸧࡬
㸦ୗ㸧,ᯇᮧ࿴ேヂ, ᒾἼᩥᗜ, p.127㸧
࡜฿㐩ࡋࠊࡼ࠺ࡸࡃᑐ㇟ࡢᴫᛕⓗ࡞ㄆ㆑࡜࡞ࡿࠋ
ࡇࡢつᐃ⮬యࡀࡸࡸࢃ࠿ࡾ࡙ࡽ࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊ࣮࣊ࢤ
ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡇ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡼ࠺ࡸࡃᑐ㇟ࡣࠕ୺యࠖ࡜
ࣝ⮬㌟ࡢゝⴥ࡛ලయⓗ࡟㏙࡭ࡿ࡜ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟࡞
ࡋ࡚ᢕᥱࡉࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ゎ㔘࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ㕥ᮌ
ࡿࠋ
ⱱẶࡸᙼࢆྵࡴ࣮࣊ࢤࣝㄽ⌮Ꮫ◊✲఍ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧࠊ
ࠕᬑ㐢ࠊ≉Ṧࠊಶࡣࠊᢳ㇟ⓗ࡟࡜ࢀࡤࠊྠ୍ࠊ༊
ᙼࡽ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡓぢ⏣▼௓Ặࡢ⪃࠼᪉࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ูࠊ᰿ᣐ࡜ྠࡌࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᬑ㐢ࡣࠊྠ
ࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡣࠊᴫᛕࡢⓎᒎࡢ࡜࠾ࡾࠊ⌧ᐇࡶࡓ࠸
᫬࡟≉Ṧ࡜ಶ࡜ࢆ⮬ᕫࡢ࠺ࡕ࡟ྵࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ࡜࠸
࡬ࢇ༢⣧࡞ẁ㝵࠿ࡽ཯┬ⓗ࡞㛵ಀࠊᵓ㐀ⓗ࡞㛵ಀࠊ
࠺ព࿡ࢆࡣࡗࡁࡾࡶࡘ⮬ᕫྠ୍⪅࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ≉
ᚲ↛ⓗ࡞㛵ಀ࡬࡜Ⓨᒎࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࠊࡇࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ
Ṧࡣࠊ༊ู࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣつᐃែ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡋ࠿ࡋ⮬
⮬యࡀ୺య࡛࠶ࡿᴫᛕࡢ⮬ᕫ㐠ື࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ㐣
ᕫࡢ࠺ࡕ࡟ᬑ㐢ࢆෆᅾࡉࡏࠊࡲࡓಶ࡜ࡋ࡚Ꮡᅾࡍ
⛬ࡣ⌧ᐇࡢ㐣⛬࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ྠ᫬࡟ㄆ㆑ࡢ㐣⛬࡛ࡶ
ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋྠ᫬࡟ಶࡶࠊ㢮࡜✀
࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ゎ㔘࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠿ࡘ࡚ࡣ⤒῭Ꮫ⪅ࡢᏱ㔝
࡜ࢆ⮬ᕫࡢ࠺ࡕ࡟ྵࡳࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࢀ⮬㌟ᐇయⓗ࡛
ᘯⶶẶ࡞࡝ࡀࡇࡢ⪃࠼᪉࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓဴᏛ⪅ࡢ
࠶ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡢ୺య࡛࠶ࡾ᰿ᣐ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡
㏿ᕝ἞㑻Ặࡶࡇࡢ⪃࠼᪉࡟㏆࠸ࠋ
ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡟ࡣࠊᴫᛕࡢㅖ࣓ࣔࣥࢺࡀ༊
⚾ࡣࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢࠕุ᩿ㄽࠖࢆࠊ▱ぬ࠿ࡽᴫᛕ
ูࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞ࡀࡽࡶ୙ྍศ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᐃ❧ࡉ
࡟࠸ࡓࡿㄆ㆑ࡢ῝໬࣭Ⓨᒎࡢ㐣⛬࡜ࡋ࡚ᤕ࠼࡚ࠊ
ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࠖ㸦ྠ p.131㸧
ࡑࡢྛẁ㝵࡟ᅜ㝿ࣂ࢝ࣟࣞ࢔ࡢึ➼ᩍ⫱ࣉࣟࢢ
ࡇࢀࡣࠊᅗᘧࡍࡿ࡜ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿ(ᅗ㸯)ࠋ
҅஭ΰᢹ≝⇾∞⇘∑↝ᛯྸ‫↝ܖ‬Йૺᛯ↚૿ↀ↺ⅤཎഷⅥ↝ࢫл
53
ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊ୍᪉࡛ࠊㅖ≉Ṧࡣಶู㹃㸯ࡢ୰࡟࠶
࠺ࡋࡓᬑ㐢ࡣከᵝ࡞≉Ṧᛶࢆᤞ㇟ࡋ࡚ඹ㏻ᛶࢆ
ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊㅖ≉Ṧ㸦㹀㸰ࠊ㸱ࠊ㸲㸧ࡣࡑࢀ⮬㌟≉Ṧ
ᯒฟࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⏕≀ࡢ㢮ᴫᛕ➼ࡀࡑࡢ
ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿᬑ㐢㸦㸿㸧࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⤫୍ࡉࢀࠊಶู
ࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᬑ㐢ࡣࠊ⮬ࡽ≉Ṧ
㹃㸯ࡢᵓ㐀࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ௚᪉࡛ࡣࠊಶู㹃㸯ࡢ
໬ࡍࡿຊࡶ࡞࠸ࡋࠊㅖ≉Ṧࢆ⤫୍ࡋ࡚᭷ᶵⓗ඲య
୰࡛༶⮬ⓗ࡟Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ≉Ṧ㹀㸰ࡀᑐ⮬໬ࡉ
ࢆసࡿຊࡶ࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊㅖ≉Ṧ࡜஫࠸࡟ྰᐃࡋ࠶
ࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊಶู㹃㸯ࡣ㹃㸰࡟Ⓨᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ
࠺ຊࡶࠊ⮬ࡽࢆⓎᒎࡉࡏࡿຊࡶ࡞࠸ࠋ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡣࠊ
࡜࠸࠺㠃ࡀᤕ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢ㠃ࡣࠊಶูࡀ᰿ᣐࡸ
ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ㢮ᴫᛕࢆࠕᢳ㇟ⓗᬑ㐢ࠖ࡜ྡ࡙ࡅࠊ஦≀
ᐇయ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ୺య࡜ࡋ࡚ᤕ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚
ࡢ᭷ᶵᛶ࡜Ⓨᒎᛶࢆᤕ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ
࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢሙྜࠊᬑ㐢࡜ㅖ≉Ṧ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸
࡛࠶ࡿ࡜᩿ࡌ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ
ࡣಶู࡜ㅖ≉Ṧ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡣྰᐃⓗ⮬ᕫ㛵ಀ࡜࠸
㢮ᴫᛕࡣ⛉Ꮫⓗ࡞ᛮ⪃࡟࡜ࡗ࡚୙ྍḞ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛
࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࡀᨾ࡟ࠊ༢࡞ࡿ᭷ᶵయ࡜ࡋ࡚㟼Ṇࡋ
࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࠸࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࠋ
࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊㅖ࣓ࣔࣥࢺྠኈࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀ⮬
ࡔࡀࠊ୍᪉࡛࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡀᤕࡽ࠼ࡼ࠺࡜ࡋࡓ᭷ᶵ
❧ⓗ࡞୺య࡜ࡋ࡚ᖖ࡟஫࠸ࢆྰᐃࡋ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ࠸
ᛶ࡜Ⓨᒎᛶࢆᤕࡽ࠼ࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣᙺ࡟❧ࡓ࡞
ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࠕ▩┪ࠖࡶᤕ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ࡃࡿࠋ
࠸ࡇ࡜ࡶࡲࡓ஦ᐇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㏿ᕝ἞㑻Ặ࡟ࡣࡇ࠺ࡋ
࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊࡇࡢᴫᛕㅖつᐃࡢ⌮ゎࡣࠊ኱ูࡋ࡚
ࡓᢳ㇟ⓗᬑ㐢࡜ࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢලయⓗᬑ㐢࡜ࡢΰྠ
୕ࡘࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ୍ࡘࡣࠊࡓ࡜࠼ࡤࠊḟࡢࡼ
ࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢཎᅉࡣࠊࠕ≉Ṧࠖࢆᙧᘧㄽ⌮Ꮫ
࠺࡞⌮ゎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡜ΰྠࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ࡟࠶ࡿࠋ(ト 7)
ࠕࠗᬑ㐢ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡣࠊලయⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡢ㨦࡛࠶ࡾࠊ
஧ࡘ┠ࡢࡶࡢࡣࠊᴫᛕࡢㅖዎᶵࡢ㛫ࡢྰᐃⓗ࡞
ලయⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡟ෆᅾࡋࠊ
࣭࣭࣭⮬ᕫ࡜ྠ➼࡛࠶ࡿ࠘
⮬ᕫ㛵ಀࠊ≉࡟ࠕ▩┪ࠖࢆ⌮ゎࡋ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ஦
㨦࡜࠸࠺ㄒࡣࠗᴫᛕㄽ࡛࠘ࡋࡤࡋࡤ౑⏝ࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊ
≀ࡢᵓ㐀ࢆᏳᐃࡋࡓ᭷ᶵⓗ඲య࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࡳ⌮ゎ
ࡑࡢព࿡ࡣࠊ኱యࠊ୰ᚰ࡜࡞ࡿ㔜せ࡞ࡶࡢࢆ♧ࡋ
ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺⪃࠼᪉࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࡇࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࡣ௚᪉
࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⏕≀࡜࠸࠺ᬑ㐢ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡣࠊ≟ࠊ㤿ࠊ㞛ࠊ
࡛ࡣࠊᴫᛕㅖつᐃࡢ▩┪ࡀ᭱⤊ⓗ࡟ゎỴࡉࢀࠊⓎ
࢚࢝ࢹࠊ➼ࠎ࡟ෆᅾࡋࠊࡇࢀࡽࢆໟᣓࡍࡿ㔜せ࡞
ᒎࡀ࠶ࡿẁ㝵࡛⤊ࢃࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࡜࠸࠺↓ᢈุ࡞
ㄒ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࠖ
㸦㏿ᕝ἞㑻ࠕ⛉Ꮫ⌮ㄽ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࣮࣊ࢤ
⌧≧⫯ᐃࡢែᗘ࡟ࡶࡘ࡞ࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ⪃࠼᪉
ࣝ኱ㄽ⌮Ꮫᢈุࠖ, 㟷ᒣ♫, 1996,p.560㸧
ࡣ≉࡟す⏣ဴᏛ࡟㢧ⴭ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
ࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊࡇ࠺࠸࠺ᬑ㐢ࡶ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ
ศᯒࡣࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᬑ㐢ࡶᯒฟࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡋࠊ⛉
Ꮫⓗ࡞ᛮ⪃࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ୙ྍḞ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇ
54
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢほᛕࡢᘚドἲࡣࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ
࡝ࡿࠋ
ࠖ㕥ᮌⱱ, ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢุ᩿ㄽ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸸
ࠕ㕥
ᖐ⤖ࢆᣍࡃࡶࡢ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡔ࠿ࡽࡇࡑࠊ୕␒┠ࡢ
ᮌⱱㄽᩥ㞟 3ࠖ ᩥ⌮㛶 p.8㸧
⪃࠼᪉ࡣࠊࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢᣢࡘ⮬❧ᛶ࡟ὀ┠ࡋࠊಶู
࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊࡇ࠺ࡶ㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠕ⌧ᐇࡢṌࡳࡣ
ࡢᵓ㐀ࡢ࡞࠿࡟࠶ࡿᬑ㐢࡜≉Ṧࡢ▩┪࡟Ⓨᒎࡢ
࡝ࡇࡲ࡛ࡶࠊ⤫୍࠿ࡽ⤫୍࡬ࠊࡴ࠿࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ
ཎືຊࢆぢฟࡍࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ㄆ㆑ࡢṌࡳࡣ⤫୍࠿ࡽศ⿣࡬ࠊศ⿣࠿ࡽ⤫୍࡬ࠊ
㕥ᮌⱱẶࡣࡑࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ➃ⓗ࡟ᣦ᦬ࡍࡿࠋ
ࡴ࠿࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࠖ㸦ࠕ࣮࣊ࢤࣝ኱ㄽ⌮Ꮫ ᴫᛕㄽࡢ
ࠕಶయࡣࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᬑ㐢࡜≉Ṧࢆ࡜ࡶ࡟ෆໟࡍ
ࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ୍࡚ࡘࡢ▩┪≀࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀ⮬㌟ࡢ࠺
◊✲࣮ࠖ࣊ࢤࣝㄽ⌮Ꮫ◊✲఍⦅኱᭶᭩ᗑ p.90㸧
㕥ᮌⱱẶࡣࠊุ᩿ㄽࡢ᭱ᚋࡢࠕ☜↛ุ᩿ࠖ࡟᪊
ࡕ࠿ࡽᚲ↛ⓗ࡟ࡑࢀࡽࡢㅖዎᶵࢆᒎ㛤ࡏࡊࡿࢆ
ࡅࡿࠕᬑ㐢ࠖ࡜ࠕ≉Ṧࠖ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࢆḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᤕ
ᚓ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᅛయࡢⓎᒎࡣࠊࡓࡔࡇࡢࡼ࠺
࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠕᴫᛕࡣࠊࡶࡢࡢᏑᅾ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᮍᒎ㛤
࡞ᬑ㐢࡜≉Ṧࡢ▩┪࠿ࡽࡢࡳࠊࡳࡕࡧࡁࡔࡉࢀ
ࡢࠊࡲࡔࡑࢀࢆ༑ศ࡟ࡣㄝ᫂ࡋ࠼࡞࠸ᴫᛕ࡛ࡣ࡞
ࡿࠋ
ࠖ㸦㕥ᮌⱱ, ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢุ᩿ㄽ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸸ࠕ㕥
ࡃࠊࠗࡑࢀ⮬㌟࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊ⮬ศࡢ཯ᑐ⪅ࢆ
ᮌⱱㄽᩥ㞟 3ࠖ ᩥ⌮㛶 p.8㸧ࡇࡇࡲ࡛ࡣࡲࡗ
ࡘࡽࡠ࠸࡚⮬ศࢆ⥔ᣢࡋࠊࡑࡢ཯ᑐ⪅࡜ࡢ⤫୍࡜
ࡓࡃࡑࡢ࡜࠾ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿ(ト 8)ࠋࡇࡇࡲ࡛ࡀࡇࡢၥ
ࡋ࡚ࡣࡌࡵ࡚ᬑ㐢࡛࠶ࡿ࠘ࡼ࠺࡞ᴫᛕ࡛ࡍࠋࠗ⮬
㢟࡟㛵ࡍࡿඛ⾜◊✲ࡢ฿㐩Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋࡇ
ศ⮬㌟ࡢ཯ᑐ⪅࠘࡜ࡣࡑࡢࡶࡢࡢᐃ᭷ࠊᛶ≧ࠊ≉
ࢀࢆᅗᘧࡍࡿ࡜ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿ(ᅗ㸰)ࠋ
Ṧࠊ⌧Ꮡᅾ࡞࡝ࢆࡉࡋࡲࡍࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣᬑ㐢ࡣࠊ⮬
ศࡢ୰࠿ࡽ≉Ṧ࡞ㅖつᐃࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ⌧Ꮡᅾࡢ඲యࠊ
㸲᪂ࡋ࠸ほⅬ
ࡑࡢ඲ഃ㠃ࡸ඲㐣⛬ࢆᒎ㛤࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚
࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ
ࠖྠ
ࡉ࡚ࡇࡇ࠿ࡽࡀၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㕥ᮌẶࡣࠊ⥆ࡅ࡚
ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࠕࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ⌧ᐇࡢಶ≀ࡣࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ▩┪≀࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ
᭷ᶵⓗಶ≀࡛࠶ࡾࠊලయⓗᬑ㐢࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࡑ
ࡇ࡟₯ᅾࡍࡿ≉Ṧⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡢ㢧ᅾ໬ࡣࠊྠ᫬࡟ࠊ
ⴌⱆࡢⓎᒎ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᬑ㐢ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡢᐇ⌧࡛࠶ࡿ࠿
ࡽࠊᅛయࡢⓎᒎࡣࠊࡘࡡ࡟ලయⓗᬑ㐢࠿ࡽලయⓗ
ᬑ㐢࡬ࠊ⏕ࡁࡓ඲య࠿ࡽ⏕ࡁࡓ඲య࡬ࡢ㐣⛬ࢆࡓ
ࡇࢀࡣࠊᬑ㐢࡜≉Ṧࡢ㛵ಀࢆࠊᬑ㐢ࡀ⮬ࡽࡢつ
ᐃᛶ≉Ṧࢆ᫬⣔ิ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᒎ㛤ࡋࡘࡘࠊࡑࡢつ
ᐃయ≉Ṧ࡟࠶ࡗ࡚⮬ศ⮬㌟࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ྰᐃ
ⓗ࡞⮬ᕫ㛵ಀࠊᴫᛕᬑ㐢࡜ࡑࡢᐃᅾ≉Ṧࡢ▩
┪ࡢࡇ࡜ࢆゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ஦≀ࡢⓎᒎࢆᤕ
࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㏫࡟ゝ࠺࡜ࡇࢀࡣࠊ
㑅ゝุ᩿ࡢᡂᯝ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡢࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡀࠊࠕㅖ
≉Ṧࠖࢆ᭷ᶵⓗ࡟㐃㛵ࡉࡏ࡚⥲య࡜ࡍࡿࠕᐇయࠖ
55
҅஭ΰᢹ≝⇾∞⇘∑↝ᛯྸ‫↝ܖ‬Йૺᛯ↚૿ↀ↺ⅤཎഷⅥ↝ࢫл
࡛࠶ࡾࠕຊ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺㠃ࡀࠊ☜↛ุ᩿࡟ࡣࡗ
࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀࠊⓎᒎࡢ࡯ࢇ࡜࠺ࡢᵝ┦࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ
ࡁࡾ࡜⏕࠿ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡣࡋ
࠺࠿ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡑࢀࢆᤕ࠼ࡿ࡟ࡣࠊ≉Ṧ⮬యࡢᵓ
࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ⌧ᐇࡢⓎᒎࡣỴࡋ࡚඲య࠿ࡽ඲య
㐀ࢆᤕ࠼ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ௬࡟ࡑ࠺ぢ࠼ࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊᐇ㝿ࡣࠊ୺
ࡲࡓࠊ࠶ࡿಶู㸦᰿ᣐ࣭୺య㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚ᬑ㐢࡜
య࡛࠶ࡿಶูࡢ୰࡛ࠊᬑ㐢࡜≉Ṧࡀྰᐃⓗ࡟㛵ಀ
ྰᐃⓗ࡟㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿㅖ≉Ṧࡶࠊࡑࢀࡀᬑ㐢࡜ྰ
ࡋ࠶࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊศ⿣ࡸᑐ❧ࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࠊࡑࢀ
ᐃⓗ࡟㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊࡑࢀ⮬㌟ࡀ⮬
ࡀ᪂ࡓ࡞㛵ಀࢆồࡵ࡚Ⓨᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࡜࠸࠺ࠊ࠸ࢃ
❧ⓗ࡞ಶู㸦᰿ᣐ࣭୺య㸧࡛࠶ࡾࠊᬑ㐢࡜ㅖ≉Ṧ
ࡤ඲య࠿ࡽ㒊ศ࡬ࠊ㒊ศ࠿ࡽ඲య࡬࡜࠸࠺㐣⛬ࢆ
࡜ࡢྰᐃⓗ㛵ಀ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀ⮬
࡜ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ㕥ᮌẶࡣࡇࡢⅬࢆࡣࡗࡁ
㌟᭷ᶵⓗ࡞ᵓ㐀ࢆᣢࡕࠊࡋ࠿ࡶࠊࡑࡢ▩┪࡟ࡼࡾ
ࡾ࡜ᤕ࠼࡚ࡣ࠸࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ Ⓨᒎࡍࡿ⮬❧ⓗ࡞୺య࡛࠶ࡿᅗ㸱ࠋ
≉Ṧࡣ≉Ṧ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ᬑ㐢࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀ
ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤࠊ㌟య㸦ಶู㸧ࡣㅖᶵ㛵㸦ㅖ≉Ṧ㸧ࡀ
ࡣ᫬⣔ิࡢⓎᒎ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡢࡳࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᑐ㇟
ࡑࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿᬑ㐢࡟ࡼࡗ࡚᭷ᶵⓗ࡟⤫୍ࡉࢀ
ࡢᵓ㐀࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶゝ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋᑐ㇟ࡢᵓ㐀
࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊㅖᶵ㛵⮬యࡶࠊࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ⫵ࡶࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ
࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊㅖ≉Ṧࡢ୰࡟ᾐ㏱ࡋࠊㅖ≉Ṧࢆ⤫୍ࡍ
࡟⫵⬊➼ࡢㅖ≉Ṧࢆᣢࡕࠊࡑࢀࡀ⫵ࡢᶵ⬟㸦ᬑ㐢㸧
ࡿࠕຊࠖࢆᣢࡗࡓᬑ㐢࡟ᑐࡋࠊ≉Ṧ⮬㌟ࡶࠊࡑࢀ
࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ྰᐃⓗ࡟⤫୍ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿಶู㸦୺య㸧࡛
⮬㌟୍ࡘࡢᬑ㐢࡛࠶ࡿࡀᨾ࡟ࠊ⮬ࡽᵓ㐀ࢆᣢࡕࠊ
࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ⮬❧ⓗ࡟ື࠿ࢇ࡜ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛
⮬ࡽࡢ࠺ࡕ࡟࠶ࡿㅖ≉Ṧࢆྰᐃⓗ࡟⤫୍ࡋ࡚࠸
࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽࠊㅖᶵ㛵࡜▩┪ࡀ⏕ࡌࠊ㌟యࡶሙྜ࡟ࡼ
ࡿࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓㅖ≉Ṧࡣࠊ୍ಶࡢ⮬❧ࡋࡓ୺య࡛ࡶ
ࡗ࡚ࡣ⑓Ẽ࡜࡞ࡾࠊṚ࡟⮳ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ
࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡽࢆ⤫୍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᬑ㐢࡟
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡼࡾ῝࠸ㄆ㆑࡟࠸ࡓࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊ
ᑐࡋ࡚ྰᐃⓗ࡟㛵ಀࡍࡿࠋࡔ࠿ࡽࡇࡑࠊಶูࡣ୺
ࡉࡽ࡟≉Ṧ࠿ࡽศᯒࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚ࡼࡾ୍ᒙ῝࠸ᵓ㐀
య࡜ࡋ࡚⮬ࡽⓎᒎࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡋࠊࡑࡢⓎᒎ
࡟࠸ࡓࡽ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋྠᵝࡢࡇ࡜ࡣඖ⣲㸫
ࡣಶูෆ㒊ࡢᬑ㐢࡜≉Ṧࡢ▩┪࡟ࡼࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ
ཎᏊ᰾㸫㟁Ꮚ㸫⣲⢏Ꮚ࡜࠸ࡗࡓㄆ㆑ࡢ῝໬࡟ࡘ
࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ࡜ࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊಶయࡢⓎᒎࡣࡘࡡ࡟
࠸࡚ࡶ࠸࠼ࡿト 9ࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡶࠊ≉Ṧ࠿ࡽࡉࡽ࡟
ලయⓗᬑ㐢࠿ࡽලయⓗᬑ㐢࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ
≉Ṧࡢᵓ㐀࡟㐍ࡴㄆ㆑ࡢ῝ࡲࡾࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࠋࡋࡓ
࡛ࡁࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿ࠋᐇ㝿ࡣ࡝࠺࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ
ࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡣ㕥ᮌⱱẶࡢ฿㐩Ⅼ࠿ࡽࡉࡽ࡟㐍
ᐇ㝿ࡣࠊಶ≀ࡢෆ㒊࡟࠶ࡗ࡚ᬑ㐢࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ྰᐃ
ࡲ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡇ࡟ุ᩿ㄽࢆㄆ㆑ㄽⓗ࡟
ⓗ࡟⤫୍ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓㅖ≉Ṧࡀ⮬❧ࡋጞࡵ࡚ࠊ࠸ࡎ
ㄞࡳ┤ࡍ࡟࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࠕ≉Ṧࠖ࡟ὀ┠ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡢព
ࢀᆒ⾮ࢆ◚ࡾࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞⤫୍ࢆồࡵ࡚Ⓨᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ
⩏ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
56
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢㄽ⌮Ꮫ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕุ᩿ㄽࠖ
ᴫᛕつᐃ┦஫ࡢᑐ❧ࡣᴫᛕ⮬㌟ࡢつᐃస⏝࡞ࡢ
࡛ࡣࠊࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢᙺ๭࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⌮ゎࡀࡇ࡜ࡉࡽ
࡛࠶ࡿࠋุ᩿ࡣᴫᛕ⮬㌟࡟ࡼࡿࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞つᐃⓗ
㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௨ୗࠊࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢᤊ࠼᪉ࢆᛕ㢌࡟⨨
ᴫᛕࡢᥐᐃ࡟࡯࠿࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠖ
㸦G.W.F.࣮࣊ࢤࣝࠕ኱
ࡁࠊࠕุ᩿ㄽࠖࡢᒎ㛤ࢆࠊㄆ㆑ㄽⓗ࡟⌮ゎࡋࠊࡑ
ㄽ⌮Ꮫࠖୗᕳ ṊᕷṊேヂ ᒾἼ᭩ᗑ, 1969ࠊ ࡢᴫほࢆ㏙࡭࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ
p.71)࡜㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊே㛫ࡀᑐ㇟ࢆศ
ᯒ࣭⥲ྜࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࢆࠊ࠶ࡓ࠿ࡶᴫᛕࡀ⮬ᕫ⮬㌟
㸳࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢุ᩿ㄽ
ࢆศᯒࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ᥥ࠿ࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࠊࡓ࠸࡬ࢇࢃ
࠿ࡾ࡙ࡽ࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡶࠊㄆ㆑ࡢᒎ㛤ࢆᐈほⓗ஦≀ࡢ
ᙧᘧㄽ⌮Ꮫ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊุ᩿ࡣ୺ㄒ࡜㏙ㄒࡀ
ࠕ⧅㎡ࠖ(kopula)࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⤖ࡧࡘࡅࡽࢀࡿࠋᙧᘧ
ㄽ⌮Ꮫࡣࠊᛮ⪃ࡢᙧᘧࡀ㤳ᑿ୍㈏࡜ࡋࡓᩚྜⓗ࡞
ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࡢせ௳ࡸつ๎ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓࡶ
ࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊྠ୍ᚊࠊ᤼୰ᚊࢆཎ⌮࡜ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶
ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊᙧᘧㄽ⌮Ꮫࡣุ᩿ࢆ୺ほⓗ࡞ᛮ⪃
ࡢᙧᘧ࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢㄽ⌮Ꮫ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊุ᩿ࡣࠊᛮᝳࡢ
ᙧᘧ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟Ꮡᅾࡢᙧᘧ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢព
࿡࡛ࠊᑐ㇟⮬㌟ࡢ⌧㇟࠿ࡽᮏ㉁࡬ࡢㄆ㆑ࡢ῝໬ࡢ
㐣⛬ࡀࠊ࠶ࡓ࠿ࡶᑐ㇟⮬㌟ࡢⓎᒎࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢࡼ
࠺࡟ᥥ࠿ࢀࠊࡲࡓࠊ㏫࡟ࠊᑐ㇟ࡢ⥲యᛶࡸⓎᒎࡢ
㐣⛬ࡀㄆ㆑ࡢⓎᒎࡢ㐣⛬࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᥥ࠿
ࢀࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢࡇࢇࡀࡽ࠿ࡗࡓ㐣⛬ࡀࠊࠕ୺
ㄒ㸫㏙ㄒࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᙧᘧ࡟ศ๭ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡀࠕุ᩿ࠖ
࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢻ࢖ࢶㄒ࡛ࠕุ᩿ࠖࢆࠕUrteilࠖ࡜࠸࠺
ࡀࠊࡇࢀࡣࠕཎ㸫ศ๭ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡉ࡚ࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢุ᩿ㄽࡣࠊ୕ࡘࡢᴫᛕつᐃ(ᬑ
㐢࣭≉Ṧ࣭ಶู)ࡀࠊ୺ㄒ࡜㏙ㄒ࡟ศ๭ࡋ࡚⾲ࢀ
࡚ࡃࡿࠋࡲࡓ㺂ุ᩿ࡢⓎᒎࡣࠊᑐ㇟ࡢศᯒࡀྠ᫬
Ⓨᒎ࡜ྠ୍どࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
࡜ࡇࢁࡀࠊㄆ㆑ࡣࠊ඲య࠿ࡽ㒊ศ࡬ࠊ㒊ศ࠿ࡽ
඲య࡬ࠊලయ࠿ࡽᢳ㇟࡬ࠊᢳ㇟࠿ࡽලయ࡬࡜㐍ࡴࠋ
ࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊᐈほⓗ஦≀ࡣ࠾࠾ࡴࡡ඲య࠿ࡽ඲
య࡬࡜Ⓨᒎࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢ㉁ⓗ࡟␗࡞ࡿ஧ࡘࡢ㐣⛬ࡀࠊ
࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢㄽ⌮Ꮫ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣΰྠࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡔ
࠿ࡽࡇࡑࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢㄽ⌮Ꮫࡢඃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ
ࢆྲྀࡾฟࡍࡓࡵ࡟ࠊุ᩿ㄽࢆࠊே㛫࡟ࡼࡿᑐ㇟ࡢ
ศᯒ࣭⥲ྜࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡜ࡋ࡚ㄞࡴࡇ࡜࡟ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ
ࡑࡢ㝿ࠊࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢᙺ๭࡟ὀ┠ࡋ࡚ㄞࡳ㐍ࡵ࡚
࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋࡑࡢ⌮⏤ࡣࠊ๓㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ࣮࣊ࢤ
ࣝࡢุ᩿ㄽ࡛ࡣࠊ୺ㄒ㸫㏙ㄒࡢ㛵ಀࡣࠊࡉࡋ࠶ࡓ
ࡗ࡚ࡣಶู㸫ᬑ㐢ࡢ㛵ಀ࡜ࡋ࡚Ⓩሙࡋࠊ≉Ṧࡣ⫼
ᚋ࡟㞃ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ⫼ᚋ࡟㞃ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ≉Ṧࡢᙺ๭
ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࡜ࠊุ᩿ࡢྛẁ㝵ࡢጇᙜᛶ࡜㝈⏺ࡸࠊ㛵
ಀࢆࠊᑐ㇟ࡢㄆ㆑ࡢ῝ࡲࡾࡢ㐣⛬ࡢ୰࡟఩⨨࡙ࡅ
ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࠕุ᩿ㄽࠖࡢᵓ㐀ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ
ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊࠕ≉Ṧࠖ࡟ὀ┠ࡋุ࡚᩿ㄽࢆㄞࡴࡇ
࡜࡟ࡼࡾᬉ῰ࢆᴟࡵࡿ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢุ᩿ㄽࡀᐜ᫆
࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࠋ
࡟ㄆ㆑ࡢᙧᘧࡢศᯒ࡛࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚㐍ࡴࠋࡘࡲ
ࡾࠊᑐ㇟ࢆศᯒࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊㄆ㆑⮬యࡢྫྷ࿡㸦ศᯒ㸧
㸴ุ᩿ㄽࡢᒎ㛤
ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊㄆ㆑ࡢྛẁ㝵ࡢᙺ๭࡜㝈⏺ࢆ᫂
ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊุ
࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢุ᩿ㄽࡣࠊุ᩿ࡢㅖつᐃࡢᒎ㛤ࡀᑐ
᩿ࡢㅖᙧᘧࡀⓎᒎࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡣࠊ┤᥋ⓗ
㇟ࡢලయⓗ࡞ㄆ㆑ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࠊ࠾ࡼࡧࠊࡑࡢࣉࣟ
࡞⤒㦂࡟୚࠼ࡽࢀࡿ⌧㇟ࡢㄆ㆑࠿ࡽࢫࢱ࣮ࢺࡋࠊ
ࢭࢫࡢྛẁ㝵࡟࠾࠸࡚ᤕ࠼ࡽࢀࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡢᑐ㇟
ᮏ㉁࡟ࠊᮏ㉁࠿ࡽᴫᛕ࡬࡜Ⓨᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࣉࣟࢭࢫ
ࡢᵝ┦࡜࡝࠺㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ほⅬ࠿ࡽᒎ
࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ
㛤ࡍࡿࠋ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡀḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊ
࣮࣊ࢤࣝ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊุ᩿ࡣᴫᛕࡀ⮬ᕫ⮬㌟ࢆ
ࡑࡢࡇ࡜ࢆゝࢃࢇ࡜ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕ࣭࣭࣭ᴫ
つᐃࡍࡿ㐠ື࡜ࡋ࡚ᥥ࠿ࢀࡿࠋ࣮࣊ࢤࣝ⮬㌟ࠊ
ᛕࡣ᭷(⌧㇟࣭ኚ໬)࡜ᮏ㉁(཯┬)࡜ࡢほᛕⓗ⤫୍
ࠕ࣭࣭࣭ᴫᛕࡣࠊࡑࢀ⮬㌟ࡇࡢᢳ㇟స⏝࡛࠶ࡾࠊ
࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽࠊุ᩿࡟࠾࠸࡚⾜ࢃࢀࡿᴫᛕࡢᒎ㛤ࡣࠊ
57
҅஭ΰᢹ≝⇾∞⇘∑↝ᛯྸ‫↝ܖ‬Йૺᛯ↚૿ↀ↺ⅤཎഷⅥ↝ࢫл
ࡲࡎࡇࢀࡽ஧ࡘࡢẁ㝵ࢆᴫᛕ࡟ࡩࡉࢃࡋࡃኚᙧ
ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠕྰᐃุ᩿ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࠕ⢭⚄ࡣ㇟
ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ෌⏕⏘ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࠊ
࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞୺ㄒ࡜㏙ㄒࡢ
ࡑࡋ࡚ḟ࡟ᴫᛕࡑࡢࡶࡢࡶࡲࡓ┿ࡢุ᩿࡜ࡋ࡚
᏶඲࡞୙୍⮴࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡢࠕ↓㝈ุ᩿ࠖࡶྍ⬟
⮬ᕫࢆつᐃࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ồ
࡜࡞ࡿࠋ
ࡵ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋɆɆุ᩿ࡢㅖ✀㢮ࡣࠊྠࡌ
ࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡣࠕࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ࿨㢟ࡣࠗ㇟ࡣ
౯್ࢆᣢࡘࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚୪ิࡉࢀࡿ࡭ࡁࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ
㇟࡛࠶ࡿ࠘
ࠊ
ࠗ⢭⚄ࡣ⢭⚄࡛࠶ࡿ࠘࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ྠ
࡞ࡃࠊẁ㝵ࢆ࡞ࡍࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞
୍࿨㢟࡜ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡟ࠊṇࡋࡃࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ㤿㮵ࡽࡋ࠸
࠸ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡢ༊ูࡣ㏙ㄒࡢㄽ⌮ⓗᙧᘧ࡟ࡼࡿ
ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࠖ
㸦G.W.F.࣮࣊ࢤࣝ. 173 ⠇.ࠕᑠㄽ⌮
ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ(G.W.F.࣮࣊ࢤࣝ. 171 ⠇⿵㑇.ࠕᑠㄽ
Ꮫ(ୗᕳ)ࠖ ᯇᮧ୍ேヂ ᒾἼᩥᗜ,1972, p.147)
⌮ Ꮫ ( ୗ ᕳ ) ࠖ ᯇ ᮧ ୍ ே ヂ ᒾ Ἴ ᩥ ᗜ ,1972,
࡜㏙࡭ࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊࡑࡢព⩏࡜㝈⏺࡜ࢆࠕᐈほⓗ
p.143)
࡟ࡳࢀࡤࠊࡇࡢุ᩿ࡣࠊ᭷ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡢࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ
ุ᩿ㄽࡣ(㸯)ࠕᐃ᭷ࡢุ᩿ࠖ(⫯ᐃุ᩿ࠊྰᐃุ
ឤᛶⓗ࡞஦≀ࡢᮏᛶࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ✵⹫
᩿ࠊ↓㝈ุ᩿)ࠊ(㸰)ࠕ཯┬ࡢุ᩿ࠖ(༢⛠ุ᩿ࠊ
࡞ྠ୍࡜඘ᐇࡋࡓ㛵ಀɆɆ࡜࠸ࡗ࡚ࡶࡑࡢᐇࠊ㛵
≉⛠ุ᩿ࠊ඲⛠ุ᩿)ࠊ(㸱)ࠕᚲ↛ᛶࡢุ᩿ࠖ(ᐃ
ಀࡉࡏࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡣ㉁ⓗ࡟␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡲ
ゝุ᩿ࠊ௬ゝุ᩿ࠊ㑅ゝุ᩿ࠊ(㸲)ࠕᴫᛕࡢุ᩿ࠖ
ࡗࡓࡃ㐺ྜࡋ࠶ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢࡔࡀɆɆ࡜࡬ࡢศ⿣
(ᐇ↛ุ᩿ࠊ⵹↛ุ᩿ࠊ☜↛ุ᩿)࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡟ᒎ
ࢆ⾲⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࠖ
㸦G.W.F.࣮࣊ࢤࣝ. 173 ⠇.ࠕᑠ
㛤ࡍࡿࠋ
ㄽ⌮Ꮫ(ୗᕳ)ࠖ ᯇᮧ୍ேヂ ᒾἼᩥᗜ,1972,
ࡇࢀࢆࠊᑐ㇟࡟ᑐࡍࡿㄆ㆑ࡢ῝໬࣭Ⓨᒎࡢࣉࣟ
ࢭࢫ࡜ࡋ࡚ᴫほࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ
p.147)
ࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡀ⮬ᕫࢆ≉Ṧ໬ࡍࡿࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠕ≉Ṧࠖ
ࡀࠕಶูࠖ࡜ࠕᬑ㐢ࠖ࡜ࢆ፹௓ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺㠃ࡀ඲
㸴㸯ᐃ᭷ࡢุ᩿
ࡃฟ࡚ࡇ࡞࠸࡜ࡇࢁ࡟ࡑࡢཎᅉࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
ࠕࡇࡢࣂࣛࡣ㉥࠸ࠋ
ࠖ
࣭࣭࣭࣭ឤᛶࣞ࣋ࣝࡢㄆ㆑࡛
࠶ࡿࠋࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡣࠊࡑࡢ፹௓ⓗᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸
㸴㸰཯┬ࡢุ᩿
࡞࠸ࠋ
༢⛠ุ᩿ࠕࡇࡢ᳜≀ࡣ⸆࡟࡞ࡿࠖ
୺ㄒࡣಶูࠊ㏙ㄒࡣᬑ㐢࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢุ᩿ࡣࠊ
≉⛠ุ᩿ࠕ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢ᳜≀ࡣ⸆࡟࡞ࡿࠖ
஦≀ࡀ┤᥋ࠊឤᛶ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᤕ࠼ࡽࢀࡓጼࢆ⾲ࡍุ
඲⛠ุ᩿ࠕࡍ࡭࡚ࡢே㛫ࡣṚࡍ࡭ࡁࡶࡢ࡛࠶
᩿࡛࠶ࡿࠋゝ࠸᥮࠼ࢀࡤࠊ⤒㦂࡟┤᥋୚࠼ࡽࢀࡓ
ࡿ࣭࣭࣭࣭ࠖᬑ㐢ᛶࡀᐃ❧ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡑࡢ
⌧㇟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢุ᩿࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢ㝈ࡾ࡛ࡣṇࡋ࠸ࠋ
ᬑ㐢ᛶࡣࠊ≉Ṧ࡞ࡶࡢࢆ㈏࠸࡚ࡣ࠸ࡿࡀࠊ≉Ṧᛶ
ࡑࡢⅬ࡟ࠊࡇࡢุ᩿ࡢጇᙜᛶ࡜ព⩏ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
ࢆ⮬ᕫࡢෆ࡟ྵࡴࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋᴾ
ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ㏙ㄒࡢᬑ㐢ࡶឤᛶⓗ࡞ࡽࡤࠊ୺ㄒࡢಶ
ᐃ᭷ࡢุ᩿࡛ࠊ୍ᗘࠊ⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡢᮏ㉁(ᬑ㐢)࡛
ูࡶ༢⣧࡟┤᥋ⓗ࡛ឤᛶⓗ࡞ࠕࡇࡢࡶࡢࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚
ࡣ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡜അ↛ⓗ࡟㛵ಀࡋࡓࠕಶูࠖࡣࠊࡑࡢ
ᤕ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊಶู࡜ᬑ㐢ࡢ⤖ࡧࡘࡁࡀࠊ
㛵ಀࢆ࠸ࡗࡓࢇゎᾘࡍࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡢᮏ
ࡲࡗࡓࡃഅ↛ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋಶูࡣࠊ⮬ࡽࢆ≉Ṧ໬ࡋ
㉁(ᬑ㐢ᛶ)ࢆᅇ᚟ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࠋࡑࢀࡀࠕ཯┬ࡢ
ࡓᬑ㐢࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡀࠊࡇࡢุ᩿࡛ࡣࠊࡑ
ุ᩿࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ᐃ❧ࡉࢀࡓ㏙ㄒࡣࠊ୺ㄒ࡜
ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ᤕ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࠕࣂࣛࠖ
ࡋ࡚ࡢࠕಶูࠖࢆࠕ௚ࡢࡶࡢࠖ࡟⤖ࡧ௜ࡅࡿࠋࡓ
ࡣࠕ㉥࠸ࠖࡔࡅ࡟⤖ࡧࡘ࠿࡞࠸ࡋࠊࠕ㉥࠸ࠖࡣࣂ
࡜࠼ࡤࠕࡇࡢ᳜≀ࡣ⸆࡟࡞ࡿࠖࡢሙྜࠊࠕࡇࡢ᳜
ࣛ࡟ࡔࡅ⤖ࡧࡘࡃࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ୺ㄒ㏙ㄒࡢ㛵ಀ
≀ࠖࡣࠕ⸆࡟࡞ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺㏙ㄒࢆ௓ࡋ࡚ࠊࠕ௚ࡢ
ࡣእⓗ࡛അ↛ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡟ࡇࡢุ᩿ࡢ㝈⏺ࡀ
ࡶࡢࠖ
ࠊ౛࠼ࡤࠊ
ࠕ࠶ࡿ⑓Ẽࠖ࡜㛵ಀࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ
࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊࠕࣂࣛࡣ㉥ࡃ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜ࡶゝ࠼
࡚⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ࡃࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ࠊ㏙ㄒ࡜ࡋ࡚ᐃ❧ࡉ
58
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
ࢀࡓࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡣࠊ
ࠕ௚ࡢࡶࡢࠖ
㸦୺ㄒ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚እ⏺
⏺࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࠊ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝᰿ᣐࡀ࡞࠸
࡟࠶ࡿࡶࡢ㸧࡜㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ㏙ㄒ
࡟➼ࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࠕ≉⛠ุ᩿ࠖ࡟㐍ࢇ࡛ࡶࠊ
࡜ࡋ࡚ᐃ❧ࡉࢀࡓࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡣࠕ┦㛵ᛶࠖࡢព࿡ࢆ
ࡑࢀࡣࠕ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢ⌧㇟࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠊ
ࠕಶูࡢ㞟ྜࠖ
ᣢࡘࠕ཯┬つᐃ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ࠊ୺ㄒࡢ┤᥋
࡟ࡍࡂ࡞࠸ࠋே㛫ࡢ᭷㝈࡞⤒㦂࡟࠾࠸࡚ぢฟࡉࢀ
ⓗ࡞ಶูᛶࡣ㉸࠼ࡽࢀࠊㄆ㆑ࡣࠕ⌧㇟ࠖࠕឤᛶࠖ
ࡿࡶࡢ࡞ࡽࡤࠊ
ࠕከࡃࡢಶูࠖࡀࠕࡍ࡭࡚ࡢಶูࠖ
ࡢࣞ࣋ࣝ࠿ࡽࠕ┦㛵ᛶࠖࠕ཯┬ࠖࡢࣞ࣋ࣝ࡟ࡲ࡛
࡟࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊࡑࡶࡑࡶ࠶ࡾᚓ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢ
῝ࡲࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࠕ┦㛵ᛶࠖࡸࠕ཯┬ࠖࡣࠊࠕᮏ
ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊࠕ඲⛠ุ᩿࡛ࠖࡶྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ
㉁࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ⌧㇟࡟࠾ࡅࡿኚ໬ࡸከᵝ
᭷㝈࡞ࠕ⌧㇟ࠖ࡟ᨭ࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠕᬑ㐢ࠖ㸦ἲ๎➼㸧
ᛶࡢ୰࡛ࠊᜏᖖⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡢㅖ㛵ಀࡸㅖつᐃ
ࡣࠊ୙᏶඲࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࠕ௬ㄝࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᛶ᱁
┦஫ࡢ㛵ಀ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡀᙉ࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡶࠕ཯┬ࡢุ᩿ࠖࡢ㝈⏺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊ
ࠕࡇࡢ᳜≀ࡣ⸆࡟࡞ࡿࠖ࡜ゝ࠼ࡤࠊ௚ࡢ
࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊ
ࠕࢩ࣮ࢨ࣮ࡣே㛫࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ุ
࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢ᳜≀ࡶࡑ࠺࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ
᩿ࡣ࡝࠺࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿ࠋே㛫࡛࡞ࡃࡋ࡚ࢩ࣮ࢨ࣮࡛
ࡑࢀࡀࠕ≉⛠ุ᩿࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ
ࠕࡇࡢே㛫ࠖ
࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋே㛫࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ
࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢே㛫ࡣࠊ௚ࡢே㛫࡜ࡋ࡚୪ࢇ࡛Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚
ࢩ࣮ࢨ࣮࡟㝈ࡽࡎࠊࣉࣛࢺࣥࡶ࢔ࣜࢫࢺࢸࣞࢫࡶࠊ
࠸ࡿࠋࡺ࠼࡟ࠊከࡃࡢே㛫ࡢ୍ே࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡇ
ࡑࡢ௚ࠊࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᅜࡢከࡃࡢேࠎ࡟ࡶඹ㏻ࡍࡿ
࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊ
ࠕࡇࡢே㛫ࠖࡣࠊ
ࠕே㛫ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᬑ㐢ᛶ
஦᯶࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡑࢀ࡟࡜࡝ࡲࡽࡎࠊᙼ
࡟ᒓࡋࠊุ᩿ࡣࠊࠕࡍ࡭࡚ࡢே㛫ࡣṚࡍ࡭ࡁࡶࡢ
ࡽࡢࠕᬑ㐢࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࣉࣛࢺࣥࡶ࢔ࣜࢫࢺࢸࣞࢫ
࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࠕ඲⛠ุ᩿ࠖ࡬࡜㐍ࡴࠋࡇࡢࠕࡍ
ࡶࢩ࣮ࢨ࣮ࡶࠊே㛫࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡋ࡟ࣉࣛࢺࣥࡸ
࡭࡚ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥࡣࠊࠕ཯┬ࠖࡀ᭱ึ࡟ฟࡃࢃࡍ
࢔ࣜࢫࢺࢸࣞࢫࡸࢩ࣮ࢨ࣮࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞
ᬑ㐢ᛶࡢᙧᘧ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ
ࠕ཯┬ࡢุ᩿ࠖ
࠸ࠋಶࠎࡢே㛫ࡣࠊࡲࡎࠊே㛫࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡋ
࡟ࡣࠊࠕᩘࠖࡸࠕ㔞ࠖࡀᒓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࡇ࠺
࡟ࠊ≉Ṧࡢே㛫࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ
࠸࠺཯┬つᐃ࡟ࡣࠊࠕ᭷⏝ࠖࠕ༴㝤ࠖࠕ㔜ຊࠖࠕ㓟ࠖ
ࠕಶูࡀྰᐃⓗ࡟⮬ᕫෆ཯┬ࡍࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥ
ࠕ⾪ືࠖ࡞࡝ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡣ㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࢆ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡣ౑ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊಶูࡢ୰࡟ࠊ
ࠕ≉Ṧࠖ
㸦G.W.F.࣮࣊ࢤࣝ. 174 ⠇.ࠕᑠㄽ⌮Ꮫ(ୗᕳ)ࠖ ᯇ
ࢆ㈏ࡁࠕ≉Ṧࠖࢆෆ࡟ྵࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࢆᤕ࠼
ᮧ୍ேヂ ᒾἼᩥᗜ,1972, p.149)ࡇࢀࡀࠕ཯┬ࡢ
ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊ୺ㄒ㸦ಶู㸧࡜㏙ㄒ㸦ᬑ㐢㸧࡜ࡢ
ุ᩿ࠖࡢጇᙜᛶ࡜ព⩏࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ྠ୍ᛶࡀᐃ❧ࡉࢀࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ඲⛠ุ᩿࡟ࡲ࡛῝ࡲࡗ
࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊ
ࠕṚࡍ࡭ࡁࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠖࡣࠕே㛫ࠖ
ࡓㄆ㆑ࡣࠊࠕᚲ↛ᛶࡢุ᩿ࠖ࡟῝໬࣭Ⓨᒎࡍࡿࠋ
ࡔࡅᅛ᭷࡞ᬑ㐢ᛶ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࠕ࢚࢝ࣝࠖࠕ࣑࣑ࢬࠖ
࡞࡝ࡢ௚ࡢࡶࡢ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶጇᙜ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ
㸴㸱ᚲ↛ᛶࡢุ᩿
࡚ࠊ୺ㄒ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࠕಶูࠖ࡜ࡣእⓗ࡞ࠕᬑ㐢࡛ࠖ
ᐃゝุ᩿
࠶ࡿࠋ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊ୺ㄒࡢࠕಶูࠖ௨እࡢ௚ࡢࡶࡢ
ࠕࣂࣛࡣࠊ᳜≀࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࠖ
࣭࣭࣭࣭㏙ㄒ࡟ࠕලయⓗ
࡟ࡶඹ㏻ࡍࡿࠕᢳ㇟ⓗᬑ㐢ࠖ࡟ࡍࡂ࡞࠸ࠋࠕᬑ㐢
ᬑ㐢࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠕᐇయࠖࡀᐃ❧ࡉࢀ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡑ
ᛶࠖࡀᐃ❧ࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢࠕᬑ㐢ᛶࠖࡣࠕ≉Ṧ࡞
ࡢࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡣ⮬ࡽࢆࠕ≉Ṧ໬ࠖࡍࡿຊࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸
ࡶࡢࠖࢆ㈏ࡁࠊࠕ≉Ṧᛶࠖࢆ⮬ᕫࡢෆ࡟ྵࡴࡶࡢ
࡞࠸ࠋ
࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡺ࠼࡟ࠊ࠸ࡲࡔഅ↛ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ
ࡇࡢุ᩿࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ୺ㄒ࡜㏙ㄒࠊࠕ≉Ṧࠖ࡜
ᚲ↛ᛶࡣᤊ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀࡀࠕ཯┬ࡢุ᩿ࠖ
ࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡢෆᐜࡀ༊ูࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞ࡀࡽࠊྠ᫬࡟ࡑ
ࡢ㝈⏺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࢀࡽࡢྠ୍ᛶࡶᤕ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ୺
ࡲࡓࠊ
ࠕ༢⛠ุ᩿ࠖࡣࠊᤕ࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࢆ
ㄒ࡜㏙ㄒࠊࠕ≉Ṧࠖ࡜ࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡢ㛵ಀࡣᚲ↛ⓗ࡛
᰿ᣐ࡙ࡅࡿ୍ᅇ㝈ࡾࡢ⌧㇟࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࠊࡑࡢ㝈
࠶ࡿࠋ࡝ࢇ࡞ࣂࣛࡶ᳜≀࡛࡞࠸࡞ࡽࡤࠊࣂ࡛ࣛ࠶
59
҅஭ΰᢹ≝⇾∞⇘∑↝ᛯྸ‫↝ܖ‬Йૺᛯ↚૿ↀ↺ⅤཎഷⅥ↝ࢫл
ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ୺ㄒࡣ≉Ṧ㸦✀㸧ࠊ㏙ㄒࡣᬑ
࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊࠕᐃゝุ᩿ࠖࡀ୺ㄒࡢᐇయᛶ
㐢㸦㢮㸧࡜࠸࠺㛵ಀ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࢆ᩿ᐃⓗ࡟㏙࡭ࡿࡔࡅ࡞ࡢ࡛ࠊ
ࡇࢀࡣࠊࠕᐇయᛶࠖࡢㄆ㆑࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡣ
ࠕ࡞࡟ࡺ࠼࡟ࠖ࡜࠸࠺⌮⏤ࡸ᮲௳ࢆ♧ࡉ࡞࠸࠿ࡽ
ࠕ࠶ࡽࡺࡿ஦≀ࡣᐃゝุ᩿࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ
࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊㄆ㆑ࡣࠊࠕ௬ゝุ᩿ࠖ࡟῝
ࡀࠊࡑࢀࡣࠊ࠶ࡽࡺࡿ஦≀ࡣࠊࡑࡢᐇయⓗ࡞ᮏ㉁
ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ
ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊᐃゝุ
᩿ࡣࠊ
ࠕᐇయࠖࡢㄆ㆑࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
௬ゝุ᩿
ࠕᐇయࠖ࡜ࡣࠊࡑࢀ࡞ࡋ࡟ࡣࠊㅖ⌧㇟ࡀᏑᅾࡋ࠼
ࠕ㸿ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊ㹀ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋ
ࠖ
࣭࣭࣭≉
࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞ࠊᬑ㐢ࡢᇶ♏࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࡤࠊ⏕࿨
Ṧ࡜≉Ṧ࡜ࡢᚲ↛ᛶࡀᤕ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊᬑ㐢࡜ࡢ㛵
࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⣽⬊ࠊỈ⣲ࡸ࣒࣊ࣜ࢘ࠊ࣭࣭࣭㕲➼ࠎࡢ
ಀࡀᤕ࠼ࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ
ඖ⣲࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⣲⢏Ꮚࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⌧㇟࠿
ࡇࡢุ᩿࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࠕᐃゝุ᩿࡛ࠖࡣࠊᤕ࠼
ࡽ✀ᕪ㸦≉Ṧ㸧ࢆᤞ㇟ࡋ࡚ᚓࡽࢀࡿࠕᢳ㇟ⓗᬑ㐢ࠖ
ࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠕ࡞࡟ࡺ࠼࡟ࠖ࡜࠸࠺⌮⏤ࡸ᮲௳ࢆ
࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࠕᐇయࠖࡣࠊㅖ⌧㇟ࡢ⫼ᚋ࡟࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ
ᤕ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢᏑᅾ
ㅖ⌧㇟ࢆᨭ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛ࠊ
ࠕලయⓗᬑ㐢ࠖ
ࡣࠊ௚ࡢࡶࡢ࡟፹௓ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࠊ௚ࡢࡶࡢࡢ
ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡟ࠕᐃゝุ᩿ࠖࡢጇᙜᛶ࡜ព
Ꮡᅾ࡞ࡋ࡟ࡣࠊ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡣᏑᅾࡋ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀㄆ㆑
⩏ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊࡲࡉ࡟ࠕཎᅉ࡜⤖ᯝࠖࡢ㛵
࡜ࡇࢁࡀࠊࣉࣛࢢ࣐ࢸ࢕ࢬ࣒ࡣࠕᐇయࠖࡸࠕᮏ
ಀ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊࠕᐃゝุ᩿ࠖࡀࠕᐇయᛶࠖࢆ
㉁ࠖࡢᏑᅾࢆྰᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢪ࢙࢖࣒ࢬ࡟࠾࠸࡚
ᤕ࠼ࡿㄆ㆑࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࡜ࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊࠕ௬ゝุ᩿ࠖ
ࡣࠕᐇᅾࠖࡣࠕ௬ㄝࠖ࡟ࡍࡂ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࠕ┿
ࡣ㺀ᅉᯝᛶ㺁ࢆᤕ࠼ࡿㄆ㆑࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡟ࠕ௬ゝุ
⌮ࠖ࡜ࡣࠊࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞⤒㦂ࢆ㛵ಀࡉࡏࠊ⤫ᣓࡋࠊ
᩿ࠖࡢጇᙜᛶ࡜ព⩏ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
⮬⏤ᕦࡳ࡟ά⏝࡛ࡁࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸⌧㇟࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᴫᛕⓗ
࡜ࡇࢁࡀࠊ௒ᗘࡣࠊ୺ㄒ࡜㏙ㄒࡢࠊ஧ࡘࡢ≉Ṧ
࡞㏆㐨ࢆ㏻ࡗ࡚࠸ࡕࡣࡸࡃࡑࢀ࡟័ࢀぶࡋࡴࡇ
ࡢྠ୍ᛶ㸦ᐇయ=ᬑ㐢㸧ࡣࠊ┤᥋ࡣ⌧ࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ
࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࠕാࡃຊࢆᣢࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ
୺ㄒ࡜㏙ㄒࡣࠊࡑࡢᐇయᛶ㸦ࠕᬑ㐢ࠖ㸧࡟ࡋࡓࡀࡗ
ࡑࢀࡀᑐ㇟ࡢᐇయࡸᮏ㉁ࠊᵓ㐀ࡸἲ๎ࢆᤕ࠼࡚࠸
࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ⊂❧ࡋࡓࠕ⌧ᐇᛶࠖࢆྲྀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠕ≉
ࡿ࠿ྰ࠿ࡣၥ㢟࡜ࡣࡋ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡇ࡟ࠊࣉࣛࢢ࣐ࢸ
Ṧ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ୧⪅࡟ඹ㏻ࡍࡿᐇయᛶ㸦
ࠕᬑ
࢕ࢬ࣒ࡀࠕᐇయࠖࡸࠕᮏ㉁ࠖࡢㄆ㆑ࢆ↓⏝ࡢࡶࡢ
㐢ࠖ㸧ࡣ⾲࡟ࡣ⌧ࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ୺ㄒࡢ⌧ᐇ
࡜ࡍࡿ⌮⏤ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
ᛶ㸦㸿ࡢᏑᅾ㸧ࡣࠊࡑࢀ⮬㌟ࡢ⊂❧ࡋࡓ⌧ᐇᛶ࡜
ࡉ࡚ヰࢆඖ࡟ᡠࡍࠋ≉Ṧࡣࠕࣂࣛࠖࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞
ࡋ࡚⌧ࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ㏙ㄒ㸦㹀㸧ࡢ⌧ᐇᛶ࡜ࡋ
࠸ࠋࠕࢧࢡࣛࠖࡶࠕ࣓࢘ࠖࡶࠕ࢟ࢡࠖࡶࡳ࡞᳜≀
࡚⌧ࢀ࡚ࡃࡿࠋ
࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢⅬ࡛ࡣࡲࡔഅ↛ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡶࠊ
ࡘࡲࡾ㸪≉Ṧ㹀ࡣࡑࡢᏑᅾࡣࠊࡑࡢᏑᅾࡢ᰿ᣐ
࡞ࡐ᳜≀ࡀࣂࣛ࡞ࡢ࠿ࠊ࡞ࡐࠕᐇయࠖࡀ୍ᐃࡢࠕᙧ
ࢆ⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡢ࠺ࡕ㸦ᐇయ㸫ᬑ㐢㸧࡟ᣢࡗ࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊ
ែࠖࢆ࡜ࡗ࡚⌧ࢀ࡚ࡃࡿࡢ࠿ࠊ࡞ࡐࠊࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡀ
≉Ṧ㸿ࡢ࠺ࡕ࡟ᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡲ
ࠕ≉Ṧࠖ࡟࡞ࡿࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࠕ≉Ṧ໬ࠖࡢཎ⌮ࡀᤕ
ࡓࠊ≉Ṧ㸿ࡶࠊࡑࡢᏑᅾࡣࠕ௬ゝⓗ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊ
࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡀᐃゝุ᩿ࡢ㝈⏺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡑࢀࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ࠿Ꮡᅾࡋ࡞࠸࠿ࡣഅ↛࡛࠶ࡿࠋ≉
࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡣࡑࡢ㝈⏺ࢆࠊࠕᐃゝุ᩿ࡶ࡞࠾୙༑ศ
Ṧ㹀ࡢᏑᅾࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ᮲௳ࡸཎᅉࢆᤕ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜
࡞࡜ࡇࢁࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊࡑࢀࡣ≉Ṧ
ࡣᚲせ࡞ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ≉Ṧ㸿ࡶ≉Ṧ㹀ࡶ
ᛶࡢ࣓ࣔࣥࢺ࡟ṇᙜ࡞ᆅ఩ࢆ୚࠼࡚࠸࡞࠸࠿ࡽ
ࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡢ࠺ࡕ࡟᰿ᣐᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂
࡛࠶ࡿࠖ㸦G.W.F.࣮࣊ࢤࣝ. 177 ⠇.ࠕᑠㄽ⌮Ꮫ(ୗ
ࡽ࠿࡟ࡉࢀ࡞࠸࡞ࡽࡤࠊᬑ㐢࠿ࡽ≉Ṧࢆᑟࡁฟࡍ
ᕳ)ࠖ ᯇᮧ୍ேヂ ᒾἼᩥᗜ,1972, p.154)࡜㏙
ࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡋࠊࡑࡢᏑᅾࡢᚲ↛ᛶࡶ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟
60
ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
ࢀࡿࠋ
ࡑࢀࡀࠕ㸿ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊ㹀ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࠖ
࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊ
ࠕ㑅ゝุ᩿ࠖࡣࠕ㸿ࡣࠊ㹀ϸ࠿ࡘ㹀
࡜࠸࠺ࠕ௬ゝุ᩿ࠖࡢ㝈⏺࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕぶࡀᏑᅾࡍ
Ϲ࠿ࡘ㹀Ϻ࠿ࡘ……࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜ᐃᘧ໬ࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊ
ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤᏊࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ุ᩿ࡣࠊ୧⪅ࡢᐇ
ࡇࢀ࡟ࡣࠊ஧ࡘࡢㄽ⌮ࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍ࡘࡣࠊ
య㸦ᬑ㐢㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠕ⏕࿨ࠖࡀᤕ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡚ࠊࡑ
ࠕ㸿ࡣࠊ㹀ϸ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊ㹀Ϲ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊ㹀Ϻ࡛ࡶ
ࡢ࠺࠼࡛ࠊぶࡶᏊࡶࠕ⏕࿨ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᐇయ㸦ᬑ㐢㸧
࠶ࡾ……࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺⤫୍ࡢ㠃࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡶ࠺
ࡢࠕᙧែࠖ㸦≉Ṧ㸧࡛࠶ࡾࠊᐇయ㸦ᬑ㐢㸧ࡣぶ࡜
୍ࡘࡣࠊࠕ㸿ࡣࠊ㹀ϸ࠿ࠊ㹀Ϲ࠿ࠊ㹀Ϻ࠿……࡛
Ꮚ࡜࠸࠺ࠕᙧែࠖ㸦≉Ṧ㸧࡜ࡋ࡚ᚲࡎ⌧㇟ࡍࡿ࡜
࠶ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺༊ูࡢ㠃࡛࠶ࡿࠋㅖ≉Ṧࡣࠊ஫࠸࡟
࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀᤕ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ࡣࡌࡵ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᏑᅾ
༊ู࡜⤫୍ࡢ㛵ಀ࡟࠶ࡾࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ୍࡚
ࡢᚲ↛ᛶࡀᤕ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ࡘࡢ᭷ᶵⓗ඲యࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊㅖ≉Ṧࡣࠊࡑ
ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊㄆ㆑ࡣࠊࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡢ≉Ṧ໬ࡸㅖ≉
ࡢ୰࡛ࡑࢀࡒࢀ㐃㛵ࡋࠊࡲࡓࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ┦ᑐⓗ
Ṧ㸦㹀ϸࠊ㹀Ϲࠊ㹀Ϻ࣭࣭࣭࣭㸧࡝࠺ࡋࡢᚲ↛ⓗ
࡞఩⨨ࡀỴࡲࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚ࠊࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡣࠊ
࡞㐃㛵㸦᭷ᶵⓗ㐃㛵㸧ࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ
ࠕ⥲యᛶࠖࡢㄽ
ࠕලయⓗᬑ㐢ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢෆᐇ࡜ㅖ≉Ṧࡢ᭷ᶵ
⌮ࢆᢕᥱࡋ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡢ
ⓗ㐃㛵ࢆ♧ࡍࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡀࠕ㑅ゝุ᩿࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ
㔜せ࡞ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊࠕ㸿ࡣࠊ㹀ϸ࠿ࠊ㹀Ϲ࠿ࠊ㹀Ϻ
࠿……࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺༊ูࡢㄽ⌮ࡣࠊ
ࠕᬑ㐢㸿ࡣࠊ
㑅ゝุ᩿
≉Ṧ㹀ϸ࠿ࠊ㹀Ϲ࠿ࠊ㹀Ϻ࠿࣭࣭࣭ࡢ࠺ࡕࡢ࡝ࢀ
ࠕ㸿ࡣࠊ㹀ϸ࠿ࡘ㹀Ϲ࠿ࡘ㹀Ϻ࠿ࡘ࡛͐͐࠶
࠿࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊࠕᬑ㐢ࠖ
ࡿࠋ
ࠖ
࣭࣭࣭࣭஦≀ࡢᵓ㐀ࡢᢕᥱ㸫ࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡣࠊ⮬
ࡣࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢ࠺ࡕࡢ࡝ࢀ࠿୍ࡘࡢ≉Ṧ࡜ࡋ࡚Ꮡᅾ
ࡽࡢ࠺ࡕ࡟ࠕ✀ᕪࠖࢆྵࡳࠊ⮬ࡽࢆ≉Ṧ໬ࡍࡿࠕල
ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
యⓗᬑ㐢ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢෆᐇࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ
ࡇࢀࡣࠊ࡝࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࠿࡜ゝ࠺࡜ࠊࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡣ
ࡲࡔࠕ୺యࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣᤕ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ
⮬ࡽࢆࠕㅖ≉Ṧࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ᐃ❧ࡋࠊࠕㅖ≉Ṧࠖࢆ᭷
ࠕ㑅ゝุ᩿࡛ࠖࠊࡼ࠺ࡸࡃࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡣࠊ⮬ࡽࡢ
ᶵⓗ࡟㐃㛵ࡉࡏ࡚⥲య࡜ࡍࡿᐇయ࡛࠶ࡾຊ࡛࠶
࠺ࡕ࡟ࠕ✀ᕪࠖࢆྵࡳࠊ⮬ࡽࢆ≉Ṧ໬ࡍࡿࠕලయ
ࡿࡀࠊྠ᫬࡟ࠊㅖ≉Ṧ࠿ࡽ㞳ࢀ࡚⊂⮬࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ
ⓗᬑ㐢ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ᤕ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣྠ᫬࡟ࠊ≉Ṧ
ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊㅖ≉Ṧࡢ࠺ࡕࡢ୍ࡘ࡜ࡋ࡚Ꮡᅾࡍ
࡞ㅖせ⣲ࠊㅖᙧែ࡜ࡋ࡚⮬ࡽࢆつᐃࡋࠊࡑࢀࡽࢆ
ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
⤫୍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ᭷ᶵⓗ࡞⥲య࡜ࡋ࡚ࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࢆᤕ࠼
ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤࠊ࠶ࡿ௻ᴗ㸦ಶู㸧ࡣࠊ⤒⌮㒊㛛ࠊ⏕
⏘㒊㛛ࠊ㔠⼥㒊㛛ࠊὶ㏻㒊㛛➼ࠎࡢࠕㅖ≉Ṧ࡛ࠖ
ලయⓗ࡟࠸࠺࡜ࠊ
ࠕᐙࡣࠊ⋞㛵࡛࠶ࡾࠊᒃ㛫࡛
࠶ࡾࠊྠ᫬࡟ࡑࢀࢆ⤫୍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࠕቑṪࡍࡿ
࠶ࡾࠊᗙᩜ࡛࠶ࡾࠊྎᡤ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᐷᐊ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ᭩
౯್ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ㈨ᮏ㸦ᬑ㐢㸧ࡣࠊ≉Ṧࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶
ᩪ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ࣭࣭࣭࣭ᒇ᰿࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶
ࡿ⏕⏘㒊㛛࡜ࡋ࡚࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡀࠊ௚ࡢㅖ≉Ṧ࡛࠶
ࡿࠋ
ࠕᐙࠖࡘࡲࡾࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡣㅖ≉Ṧࡢ඲య㸦⥲య㸧
ࡿࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞㒊㛛ࢆ᭷ᶵⓗ࡟⤫୍ࡋࠊ࠶ࡿ௻ᴗ
࡜ࡋ࡚♧ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ㏫࡟ࡳࡿ࡜ࠊㅖ≉Ṧࡢ⥲
㸦ಶู㸧ࢆ⥲య࡜ࡋ࡚ᡂࡾ❧ࡓࡏ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ
యࡀࠕᬑ㐢ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࠊᴫᛕࡣࠊ
࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ᢳ㇟ⓗ࣭ᙧᘧⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊලయⓗ࡞ෆᐇࢆ
࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊ
ࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢࡑࢀࡒࢀࡣࠊ
ࠕᬑ㐢ࠖ࡟ࡼ
ᣢࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚⌧ࢀࡿࠋࠕᴫᛕࠖࡣࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ
ࡗ࡚⤫୍ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡣ࠸࠼ࠊ༊ูࡢ㠃࠿ࡽศ࠿
ࠕᬑ㐢ࠖ࡜ࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢྠ୍ᛶ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ᏶඲࡞つᐃ
ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ⮬㌟ࡶࠕᬑ㐢ࠖ࡜ࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢ
ᛶࢆഛ࠼ࡓࠕᬑ㐢࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࠕ㑅ゝุ᩿ࠖ࡟࠾࠸
⤫୍࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡽࡣࠊ⮬❧ࡋ࡚ࡶ
࡚ࠊࡼ࠺ࡸࡃࠊࠕᴫᛕࠖࡣࠕᴫᛕࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ᥐᐃࡉ
࠸࡚ࠊ௚ࡢࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡸࠕᬑ㐢ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࠕ≉Ṧࠖ
61
҅஭ΰᢹ≝⇾∞⇘∑↝ᛯྸ‫↝ܖ‬Йૺᛯ↚૿ↀ↺ⅤཎഷⅥ↝ࢫл
࡜ྰᐃⓗ࡟㛵ಀࡍࡿࠋࡑ࠺ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊࠕᬑ㐢ࠖ࡟ࡼ
ᴫᛕ࡜ࡑࡢᐃᅾ࡜ࡢ▩┪ࠊ≉Ṧ࡜ᬑ㐢࡜ࡢ▩┪ࡣࠊ
ࡾ⤫୍ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠕ⥲యࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࠕಶูࠖࡢ⤫
࡝ࡇ࠿ほᛕࡢᅜ࡟࠶ࡿ࢖ࢹ࢔࡜⌧ᐇࡢ㛫ࡢ▩┪
୍ᛶࡀኻࢃࢀࠊㅖ≉Ṧ࡝࠺ࡋࡀࣂࣛࣂࣛ࡟࡞ࡿࠋ
࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊேࡢ୺ほ࡜ᐈほࡢ㛫ࡢ▩┪
ࡇࡇ࡟ࠕᬑ㐢ࠖ࡜ࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢ㛫ࡢࠕ▩┪ࠖࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
࡜ࡋ࡚࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃࠊ஦≀ࡑࡢࡶࡢࡢ࠺ࡕ࡟ෆ
ࡇࡇࡲ࡛ࢆᤕ࠼ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ࡟ࠕ㑅ゝุ᩿ࠖࡢጇᙜ
ᅾࡍࡿ⌧ᐇࡢ▩┪࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ᛶ࡜ព⩏ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊࠕᬑ㐢ࠖ࡜ࠕ≉
ࡉ࡚ࠊࠕᐇ↛ุ᩿ࠖࡣࠊࡑࡢ஦᯶㸦ಶู㸧ࡀ㸪
Ṧࠖࡣ᏶඲࡟୍⮴ࡍࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡼ࠺ࡸࡃ
࠶ࡿ࡭ࡁጼ㸦ᬑ㐢࣭࣭࣭ᙜⅭ㸧࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡝
஦≀ࡢᴫᛕࡀᤕ࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋ
࠺࠿㸦୍⮴ࡍࡿ࠿ྰ࠿㸧ࢆ⾲ࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊఱࡺ࠼
ࡉ࡚ࠊࡇࡢ▩┪࡟ࡼࡾࠊ⥲య㸦ಶู㸧ࡣ୺య࡜
࡟㸦ಶูࡢᒓᛶ࣭࣭࣭≉Ṧ㸧
ࠊ࠶ࡿ࡭ࡁጼ㸦ᬑ㐢࣭࣭࣭
ࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡀ₯ᅾⓗ࡞ᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ௚ࡢࡶࡢ࡟Ⓨᒎ
ᙜⅭ㸧࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿㸦୍⮴ࡍࡿ࠿ྰ࠿㸧
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡑࢀࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡢࡀࠊࠕᴫᛕࡢุ᩿ࠖ
ࡣ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢⅬ࡛୙༑ศ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊ
࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡑࡢ㏫ࡶ࠸࠼ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ࠊ
ࠕᐇ
↛ุ᩿ࠖࡣࠕ⵹↛ุ᩿ࠖ࡟㌿໬ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋ
㸴㸲ᴫᛕࡢุ᩿
ࠕᴫᛕࡢุ᩿ࠖࡢෆᐜࢆ࡞ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡣࠊ᏶
⵹↛ุ᩿
඲࡞つᐃᛶ㸦ㅖ≉Ṧࡢ⤫୍࡜ࡑࡢ▩┪㸧ࢆഛ࠼ࡓ
ࠕࡇࡢᐙࡣࡼ࠸࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ࣭࣭࣭࣭ࠖࠕ≉Ṧࠖ
ࠕᬑ㐢࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡀᐃ❧ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜
ࢆᐃ❧ࡋ࡚ࠊࠕ࡞࡟ࡺ࠼ࠖࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ
࡟ࡼࡾࠊุ᩿ࡣᑐ㇟ࡢᴫᛕⓗᢕᥱ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ
ᙉࡃồࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࠕࡇࡢᐙࡣࡼ࠸ࠖ࡜➃ⓗ࡟୺ᙇࡍࡿࡔࡅࡢᐇ↛
ᴾ
ᐇ↛ุ᩿
ุ᩿ࡣࠊࡑࡢ᰿ᣐ࡛࠶ࡿࠕࡇࡢᐙࠖࡢᒓᛶ㸦≉Ṧ㸧
ࠕࡇࡢᐙࡣࡼ࠸ࠋ
ࠖ
࣭࣭࣭࣭ᴫᛕ࡜ᐃᅾࡢ୍⮴࣭୙
ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊྠࡌࡼ࠺࡟ࡑࡢ཯ᑐࡢุ
୍⮴ࢆ⾲ࡍࡀࠊ
ࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡀᐃ❧ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊ
ࠕ࡞
᩿ࡶᑟࡃࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ⵹↛ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡟ᘬࡁୗࡆࡽ
࡟ࡺ࠼ࡑ࠺࡞ࡢ࠿ࠖࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ
ࢀࡿࠋ
ࠕࡇࡢᐙࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࠕಶูࠖࡀࠊ
ࠕᐙࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࠕᬑ
㐢ࠖ࡜୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࠸࡞࠸࠿ࢆࠕࡼ࠸ࠖࠕࢃࡿ
☜↛ุ᩿
࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺㏙ㄒ࡛♧ࡍࠋ
ࠕࡇࢀࡇࢀࡢᛶ≧ࡢᐙࡣࠊࡼ࠸ࠋ
ࠖ
࣭࣭࣭☜↛ุ᩿
࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊ
ࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡣࠕ୍ࡘࡢ≉Ṧࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚Ꮡ
ࡣࠊᐇ↛ุ᩿࡟࠾࠸࡚Ḟࡅ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ⵹↛ุ᩿࡟ࡼ
ᅾࡋࠊ௚ࡢࠕ≉Ṧࠖ࡟ࡑࡢᙺ๭ࡸᶵ⬟ࡸព⩏ࢆ୚
ࡗ࡚♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠊಶู࡜ᬑ㐢ࡢ୍⮴࣭୙୍⮴ࡢ᰿
࠼ࠊࡑࢀࡽࢆ୍ࡘࡢಶู࡜ࡋ࡚⤫୍ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࡶ
ᣐ㸦≉Ṧ㸧ࡀᐃ❧ࡉࢀࡓุ᩿࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕᐙࠖࡢሙྜࡣࠊᐙ᪘ࡀࡃࡘࢁࡄࡇ࡜
ࠕࡇࡢࠖࡣࠊಶูᛶࢆ♧ࡋࠊࠕᐙࠖࡣࠊᬑ㐢ᛶ
ࡢ࡛ࡁࡿࠕᒃ㛫ࠖࡀࠊࠕ≉Ṧ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ࡜ྠ᫬࡟ࠊ
ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࠕࡇࢀࡇࢀࡢᛶ≧ࡢࠖࡣ
ࠕᐙࠖࢆࠕᐙࠖࡓࡽࡋࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠕᬑ㐢ࠖ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ
≉Ṧᛶࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
࡞࠸ࠋࡑ࠺⪃࠼ࡿ࡜ࠊ
ࠕ࠶ࡿ࡭ࡁጼࠖ
㸦⌮᝿࣭ᙜⅭ㸧
ࠕࡇࢀࡇࢀࡢᛶ≧ࢆᣢࡘᐙࠖ࡜࠸࠺୺ㄒࡣࠊ༢
ࡣࠊ⌧ᐇ࠿ࡽ㞳ࢀࡓ࢖ࢹ࢔࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ⌧ᐇࡑࡢࡶ
࡞ࡿಶู࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᬑ㐢ᛶ࣭≉Ṧᛶ࣭ಶูᛶࡢ⤫
ࡢࡢ࠺ࡕ࡟༶⮬ⓗ㸦₯ᅾⓗ㸧࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ
୍య࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊࠕᐙࠖࡣࠊࡑࡢ࠶ࡿ࡭ࡁࡶ
࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ⌮᝿࡜⌧ᐇࢆษࡾ㞳ࡍࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ⌧
ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࢆ♧ࡋࠊ
ࠕࡇࢀࡇࢀࡢᛶ≧ࠖࡣࠊ
ᐇࡢ࠺ࡕࡢ⌮᝿࡜ࡑࡢᐇ⌧ࡢ᮲௳ࢆぢฟࡋ࡚࠸
ࡑࡢࠕ≉Ṧࠖࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࠕᬑ㐢ࠖ࡜
ࡃ࡜࠸࠺ᛮ᝿ࡀࡇࡇ࡟࠶ࡿࠋ
ࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢ⤫୍య࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࠕࡇࢀࡇࢀࡢᛶ≧ࢆᣢ
⌮᝿࡜⌧ᐇ࡜ࡢ▩┪ࠊᙜⅭ࡜⌧Ꮡᅾ࡜ࡢ▩┪ࠊ
ࡘᐙࠖ࡜࠸࠺୺ㄒࡣࠕಶู࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ
62
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ
ࠕࡇࢀࡇࢀࡢᛶ≧ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡣࠊ
ཎືຊ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡢࠕಶูࠖࡢ୰࡟࠶ࡿࠕㅖ≉
ᴫᛕࡢุ᩿ࡢ㏙ㄒ࡜୺ㄒ㸦ಶู㸧࡜ࡀࠊࡑࡢᴫᛕ
Ṧࠖ࡜ࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡢ┦஫౫Ꮡ㛵ಀ࡜ྰᐃⓗ㛵ಀࠊࡍ
㸦ලయⓗᬑ㐢㸧࡟୍⮴ࡍࡿ࠿ࡋ࡞࠸࠿ࢆ⾲ࡍࡓࡵ
࡞ࢃࡕࠊࠕ▩┪ࠖࡶᤕ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ࡃࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ஦
ࡢ᰿ᣐ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
≀ࡢᵓ㐀ࡢศᯒ࡜⥲ྜ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡀࠕ☜↛ุ᩿ࠖ
ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊ୺ㄒ࡜㏙ㄒࡀࠊྠࡌෆᐜࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸
ࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢෆᐜࡣࠕලయⓗᬑ㐢࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃ
ࡢጇᙜᛶ࡜ព⩏࡛࠶ࡿࠋ஦≀ࡣࡑࡢᵓ㐀࡜࡜ࡶ࡟
ࡑࡢࠕⓎ⏕ྐࠖ㸦Ⓨᒎ㸧ࡶᤕ࠼ࡡࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ
ࡕࠊࠕᬑ㐢࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊࡳࡎ࠿ࡽࢆࠕ≉Ṧ
໬ࠖࡋࠊࡑࡢㅖࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢ⥲య࡜ࡋ࡚࠶ࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ุ᩿ࡣ῝໬࣭Ⓨᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡑࡢⓎ
࡟ࠊࡑࡢ࠺ࡕࡢ୍ࡘࡢࠕ≉Ṧ࡛ࠖࡶ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࠕල
ᒎࡣࠊឤぬჾᐁ࡟୚࠼ࡽࢀࡓ⌧㇟ࡢㄆ㆑࠿ࡽࠊࡑ
యⓗᬑ㐢࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡢ୚௳ᛶࢆ๤ࡂྲྀࡾࠊᮏ㉁࡬ࠊᮏ㉁࠿ࡽᴫᛕ࡬࡜
୍᪉ࠊ㏙ㄒࡢࠕࡼ࠸ࠖࠕ㐺ᙜ࡛࠶ࡿࠖࠕṇࡋ࠸ࠖ
࠸࠺῝໬ࡢ㐣⛬࡛࠶ࡾࠊྠ᫬࡟ࡲࡓࠊྛẁ㝵࡟࠾
➼ࠎࡢࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡣࠊ
ࠕᙜⅭࠖ
㸦࠶ࡿ࡭ࡁጼ㸧ࢆ᰿ᗏ
ࡅࡿㄆ㆑ࡢ୙༑ศᛶࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ㐣⛬࡛
࡟ᣢࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡇࡢᙜⅭ࡜ᐃ᭷࡜ࡢ୍⮴୙୍⮴ࢆ
ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡶࠊࡑࡢ㐣⛬ࡣࠊඛ⾜ࡍࡿㄆ㆑ࡢᡂ
⾲ࡍࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ㏙ㄒࡢࠕࡼ࠸ࠖࡣࠊ୺ㄒ
ᯝࡣ᏶඲࡟ྰᐃࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᚋ࡟ࡃ
ࡢᛶ≧ࡢ࠺ࡕ࡟᰿ᣐࢆᣢࡘࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊࡇࡢ
ࡿㄆ㆑ࡢ୰࡛ࠊࡑࡢ୍ዎᶵ࡜ࡋ࡚ಖࡓࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ุ᩿ࡣᚲ↛ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡢ㐣⛬ࡣࠊᑐ㇟ࡢ⾲㇟ࡢಶูᛶࡸල
ࠕ⧅㎡ࠖࡢࠕ࠶ࡿࠖࡣࠊࡶࡣࡸࠊ↓ෆᐜ࡞ࡶࡢ
యᛶ࠿ࡽࠊศᯒ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᮏ㉁ࡸᴫᛕࢆྲྀࡾฟࡋ࡚
࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊෆᐜࢆᣢࡗࡓ඘ᐇࡋࡓ⧅㎡࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ
࠸ࡃ㐣⛬࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࡲࡓࠊ᭱ึ࡟୚࠼ࡽࢀ
࠿ࡶࠊࡑࢀࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊᬑ㐢࡜≉Ṧࠊᴫᛕ࡜ᐃᅾࠊ
ࡓಶูࢆࠊᮏ㉁ࡸᴫᛕ࠿ࡽㄆ㆑ࡋࠊࡑࢀࡀఱ࡛࠶
ᙜⅭ࡜⌧ᐇ࡜ࡢ▩┪࠿ࡽࠊಶู㸦୺య㸧ࡢⓎᒎࡢ
ࡗ࡚ࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᵓ㐀ࢆᣢࡕࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟⏕ࡌࠊ
ཎ⌮ࡉ࠼᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࠋ
࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟Ⓨᒎᾘ⁛ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࠿ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿ
࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊ
ࠕ㑅ゝุ᩿࡛ࠖࡣࠊḟࡢࡇ࡜ࡀᤕࡽ
࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ
ࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢࡑࢀࡒࢀࡣࠊ
ࠕᬑ
⥲ྜࡢ㐣⛬࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡇ࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ㏣ᛮ⪃ⓗ࡟᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓࡢࡀࠊ
㐢ࠖ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⤫୍ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡣ࠸࠼ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ
࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢุ᩿ㄽࡢ᰾ᚰ㒊ศ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕᙧᘧㄽ⌮
⮬㌟ࡶࠕᬑ㐢ࠖ࡜ࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢ⤫୍࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ
Ꮫࠖࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢุ᩿ࡸ᥎⌮ࢆࠊ༢࡞ࡿᛮ⪃つ๎
ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ⏕࿨ࢆ᰾㓟ࡸࡓࢇࡥࡃ㉁➼࠿ࡽࡑࡢ᭷
࡜ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡓࡵ࡟ࠊᑐ㇟ࡢㄆ㆑ࡢ῝໬࣭Ⓨᒎ
ᶵⓗᵓ㐀ࢆᤊ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿࠋ࡜ࡇࢁࡀࠊㅖ
ࡢ㐣⛬࡜㛵㐃௜ࡅ࡚ࠊࡑࡢጇᙜᛶ࡜㝈⏺ࢆᤕ࠼ࡿ
ࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡣࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡀࡑࢀ⮬㌟ࠊࠕᬑ㐢ࠖ࡜ࡢ
ࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ࡜ࡇࢁࡀࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡣࠊㄆ㆑ࡢ
⤫୍࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽࠊࡑࢀࡽࡣࠊ⮬❧ࡋ࡚ࡶ࠸࡚ࠊ
㐣⛬࡜Ꮡᅾࡢ㐣⛬࡜ࢆྠ୍ࡢࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡓ
௚ࡢࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡸࠕᬑ㐢ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࠕ≉Ṧࠖ࡜ྰᐃ
ࡓࡵࠊࡓ࠸࡬ࢇΰ஘ࡋࡓᙧ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊᴫᛕㅖつ
ⓗ࡟㛵ಀࡍࡿࠋࡑ࠺ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊࠕᬑ㐢ࠖ࡟ࡼࡾ⤫୍
ᐃ㸦ᬑ㐢࣭≉Ṧ࣭ಶู㸧ࡸุ᩿ࡢㅖᙧᘧࢆᑐ㇟ࡢ
ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠕ⥲యࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࠕಶูࠖࡢ⤫୍ᛶࡀ
ㄆ㆑ࡢ῝໬࣭Ⓨᒎࡢ㐣⛬࡜୍ࡘࡢࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ᤕ࠼
ኻࢃࢀࠊㅖ≉Ṧ࡝࠺ࡋࡀࣂࣛࣂࣛ࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡟
ࡓࠋࡑࡢⅬ࡛ࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢㄽ⌮Ꮫ㸦ࠕ኱ㄽ⌮Ꮫࠖ
ࠕᬑ㐢ࠖ࡜ࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢ㛫ࡢࠕ▩┪ࠖࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
ࠕᑠㄽ⌮Ꮫࠖ
㸧ࡣࠊ
ࠕ⢭⚄⌧㇟Ꮫࠖࢆࡣࡿ࠿࡟㉸࠼
ࡇࡢ▩┪࡟ࡼࡾࠊ⥲య㸦ಶู㸧ࡣ୺య࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ
ࡑࢀࡀ༶⮬ⓗ㸦₯ᅾⓗ㸧࡟ᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ௚ࡢࡶࡢ࡟
ࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋ
ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ୍ࡘࡢಶูࡢ୰࡟࠾࠸࡚ᬑ㐢࡟ࡼࡗ࡚
Ⓨᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡑࢀࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡢࡀࠊ
ࠕ☜↛ุ᩿ࠖ
⤫୍ࡉࢀࡓㅖ≉Ṧࡣࠊࡑࢀ⮬యࡀ୍ಶࡢᬑ㐢࡛࠶
ࡢࠕᴫᛕ࡜ᐃᅾࡢ▩┪࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ࠊ஦≀
ࡾࠊ⮬ᕫࡢ࠺ࡕ࡟ㅖ≉Ṧࢆྵࡳ᭷ᶵⓗࡢ⤫୍ࡋ࡚
ࡢࠕⓎᒎࠖࡀㄽ⌮ⓗ࡟ᤕ࠼ࡽࢀࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊࡑࡢ
࠸ࡿ⮬❧ⓗ࡞ಶู࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ⮬❧ࡋ
63
҅஭ΰᢹ≝⇾∞⇘∑↝ᛯྸ‫↝ܖ‬Йૺᛯ↚૿ↀ↺ⅤཎഷⅥ↝ࢫл
ࡓಶู࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ௚ࡢ≉Ṧࡸᬑ㐢࡜ྰᐃⓗ࡟㛵ಀࡍ
᪉ἲࡢẁ㝵ⓗ࡞Ꮫࡧࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ㸧࡜ࠊศᯒ⥲ྜ
ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊㄆ㆑ࡣࡉࡽ࡟῝ࡲࡾࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞
ࡍࡿ㐣⛬࡜ࡣ࡯ࡰ⤫୍ࡢ㐣⛬࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡍࡿࡇ
≉Ṧ㸦ᬑ㐢࡛ࡶ࠶ࡾಶู࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ㸧ࡢෆ㒊ᵓ㐀࡬
࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊ᪂ࡓ࡟ࠕ࣋ࢡࢺࣝࠖࡢᴫᛕࡀᵓᡂࡉࢀ
࡜῝໬ࡋ࡚࠸࠿ࡡࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ
⋓ᚓࡉࢀࡿ(ᅗ㸳)ࠋ
㸵ಶูⓗ࡞⤒㦂ࡀᬑ㐢ᛶࢆᣢࡗࡓᴫᛕࡸ
ᅗ㸳
▱㆑࡟ᡂ㛗ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ
᭱ᚋ࡟ࠊㄆ㆑୺యࡢಶูⓗ࡞⤒㦂ࡀࠊᬑ㐢ⓗ࡞
ㄆ㆑࡟Ⓨᒎࡍࡿ࡜ࡣࠊ࡝࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࠿ࢆࡳ࡚ࡳࡓ
࠸ࠋ
ᅗ㸲 ࡇࡇ࡛ㄆ㆑ࡉࢀࡿࡢࡣࠊࠕຊࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࠕᐇయࠖ
㸦ࠕᐃゝุ᩿ࠖ࡟┦ᙜ㸧࡜ࠊ
ࠕຊࠖࢆㅖຊ㸦ㅖ≉Ṧ㸧
࡟ศᯒࡋࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢാࡁ࠶࠺ᵓ㐀㸦ࠕ㑅ゝุ᩿ࠖ
࡟┦ᙜ㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ㄆ㆑ࡣࠊࡲࡎࠊ
ࠕ௬ゝุ᩿࡛ࠖࠊ㢼
࡜ࣚࢵࢺࡢ㐠ື࡜ࡢᅉᯝ㛵ಀࢆᤕ࠼ࡿࠋࡑࡢ࠺࠼
ࠕⓑ࠸ᕹࡢࣚࢵࢺࡀ༡㢼ࢆཷࡅ࡚༡すࡢ᪉ྥ
࡟㐍ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠖ(ᅗ㸲)ࠋ
ࡇࢀࡣࠊ࠶ࡿேࡢಶูⓗ࡞⤒㦂࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࢆ
࡛ࠊ㢼࡜ࣚࢵࢺࡢ㐠ື࡜ࡢᅉᯝ㛵ಀࡢ୰࡟࠾ࡅࡿ
ඹ㏻ࡢᐇయ࡟ᑐࡍࡿศᯒ࡟㐍ࡳࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࠊࡑࡢᐇ
యࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ㅖせ⣲㸦≉Ṧ㸧࡜ࡋ࡚⾲ࢀࡿࡢ࠿ࠊ
㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊࠕຊࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᬑ㐢ⓗ࡞ᴫᛕࡸ▱㆑ࡀ
ࡑࡋ࡚࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟స⏝ࡋ࠶࠺ࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࠕ㑅ゝุ
ᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊఱࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ
᩿ࠖ࡬࡜㐍ࢇ࡛࠸ࡃࠋ
ࡲࡎࠊ
ࠕ࡞ࡐࠊࣚࢵࢺࡣ㢼ୖ࡟ྥ࠿ࡗ࡚㐍ࡴࡢ
ࡇࡢㄆ㆑ࡢ῝໬ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡣࠊㄆ㆑⮬యࡀ⮬ື
࠿ࠖ࡜࠸࠺␲ၥ㸦
ࠕၥ㢟≧ἣࠖ
㸧ࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡜ࡀᚲせ
ⓗ࡟῝໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ༠ാⓗ࡞
࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞␲ၥࢆᣢࡘࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊ
᥈✲ࡢ୰࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡿࠕ␲ၥฟࡋࠖࡸࣇ࢓ࢩࣜࢸ࣮
࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࡢ⤒㦂࡜▱㆑ࡀࡍ࡛࡟⋓ᚓࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
ࢩࣙࣥ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚፹௓ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢ࡜ࡁࠊඛ⾜▱㆑
ᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ஦ែࢆࠕCausationࠖ
࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ㅖ▱㆑࡜ࠊᮏㄽ࡛㏙࡭࡚ࡁࡓ
ࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽぢࡿࡇ࡜ࡶᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊࠕ௬
ࡼ࠺࡞ㄽ⌮ⓗ࡞⬟ຊࡀᚲせ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋ
ゝุ᩿ࠖ࡟ྥ࠿࠺ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࠕ㢼ୖ࠿ࡽ㢼ࡀ྿࠸
ࠕ⤒㦂ࠖ
㸦ࠕⓑ࠸ᕹࡢࣚࢵࢺࡀ༡㢼ࢆཷࡅ࡚༡す
ࡓࠖ࡜࠸࠺ཎᅉ࡜ࠕࣚࢵࢺࡀ㢼ୖ࡟ྥ࠿ࡗ࡚㐍ࡴࠖ
ࡢ᪉ྥ࡟㐍ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋࠖ
㸧࠿ࡽᬑ㐢ᛶࢆᣢࡗࡓ▱㆑
࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝࢆㄆ㆑ࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࠊࠕ࡞ࡐ
ࡀᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿࣉࣟࢭࢫࡣࡇ࠺࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⤒
ࡑ࠺࡞ࡿࡢ࠿ࠖࡣ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡣࡇ࡞࠸ࠋ
㦂ࡣእ⏺࠿ࡽࡢ่⃭ࢆឤぬჾᐁࡀཷࡅṆࡵࠊኚᙧ
ࡉ࡚ࠊࡇࡢࠕ␲ၥࠖ࡟ྥ࠿ࡗ࡚ࠊ᪤ᚓ▱㆑ࡢ୰
ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࢆࠊᬑ㐢ᛶࢆᣢࡗࡓ▱㆑࡟
࠿ࡽస⏝ࡍࡿຊࡢ኱ࡁࡉ࡜᪉ྥ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ▱㆑
῝໬㸦ኚᙧ㸧ࡉࡏࡓࡢࡣࠊㄆ㆑୺యࡢస⏝࡛࠶ࡿ
ࢆᡭ⧞ࡾᐤࡏ࡚ࠊࣚࢵࢺ࡟࠿࠿ࡿຊࢆศᯒ㸫⥲ྜ
࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊㄆ㆑୺యࡢෆ㒊᮲௳㸦᪤ᚓࡢ▱㆑࣭ᴫ
ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢ▱㆑ࢆᡭ⧞ࡾᐤࡏ࡚ࡃ
ᛕ࣭ㄽ⌮ⓗ࡞⬟ຊ㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡿ㐣⛬㸦ࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊᩍ⛉㡿ᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ▱㆑ࡸ
ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࠊᏛࡧࡢ⩦័ࢆᑠᏛᰯపᏛᖺ࠿ࡽ⾜ࡗ
64
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
࡚࠸ࡓ࡜ࡋࡓࡽࠊ࣋ࢡࢺࣝࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊ㉥᪉೫⛣
PYP ࡢᴫᛕ㸦ㄽ⌮ⓗ࡞࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶ
ࡸ㟷᪉೫⛣࡞࡝ࡢගࡢࢻࢵࣉ࣮ࣛຠᯝࠊ័ᛶ࣮ࣔ
ࡢ㸧ࢆࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓㄆ㆑ࡢⓎᒎ࣭῝໬ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ࠊ
࣓ࣥࢺࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࡣࠊᚤศࡸ✚ศ➼ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿ⬟ຊ
┦஫ࡢ㛵㐃ᛶࡸࠊ඲యࡢ୰࡛఩⨨௜ࡅ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞
㸦⣲ᆅ㸧ࢆᅛࡵࠊⓎᒎࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺࡜
ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡀヨࡳࡓࡼ࠺࡞ࠊ
⪃࠼ࡿࠋ
ㄆ㆑ࡢ㐍໬࣭Ⓨᒎ࡜㛵ಀ࡙ࡅࡓศ㢮ࡸ఩⨨࡙ࡅࡀ
ࡉ࡚ࠊࡇࡢሙྜ㔜せ࡞ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ᪤ᚓࡢ▱㆑࠿ࡽ
࡝࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ᚲせ࡞ࡶࡢࢆ㑅ู࡛ࡁࡓ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡜ࠊࡁࡕࢇ
࡜ࡋࡓㄽ⌮࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⤌ࡳ❧࡚ࡽࢀࡓ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ
࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋಶูⓗ࡞ㄆ㆑ࡣࠊඛ⾜▱㆑ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ
㸶PYP ࡢࠕᴫᛕࠖࡢㄆ㆑ㄽⓗ఩⨨࡙ࡅ࡟
㛵ࡋ࡚
ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᴫᛕࡸㄽ⌮ⓗ࡞࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜ࡜⤖ࡧࡘࡁࠊ
ᬑ㐢ᛶࡸᚲ↛ᛶࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡟῝ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡑ
ࠕඵࡘࡢᴫᛕࠖࢆࠊㄆ㆑ࡢ῝໬࡜Ⓨᒎ࡜ࡢࣉࣟ
ࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡣࠊࡶࡣࡸ┤᥋⤒㦂࡟୚࠼ࡽࢀࡓᑐ㇟
ࢭࢫࡢ୰࡟఩⨨࡙ࡅࠊࡑࢀࡽࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙺ๭ࢆ
ࡢጼ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋᮏ㉁ࠊἲ๎ࡸᴫᛕࡀᤕ࠼ࡽࢀࡓࡶ
ᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࠊㅖᴫᛕࡣᑐ㇟ࡢ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞㠃ࢆ
ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ(ト 10)
ᤕ࠼ࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞㠃ࢆᤕ࠼ࡿ஦ࡀฟ᮶࡞࠸ࡢ࠿ࠊ
ㄽ⌮ⓗ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࡸุ᩿࣭᥎⌮࡜࠸ࡗࡓᛮ⪃ࡢ
ㄆ㆑ࡢⓎᒎࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢ୰࡛ࠊྛᴫᛕࡣ௚ࡢᴫᛕ
ㅖᙧᘧࡣࠊே㢮ࡀᗄ༓ᖺ࡟ࡶࢃࡓࡿ㛗࠸᫬㛫࡜ࡓ
࡜࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞㛵ಀࢆᣢࡘࡢ࠿➼ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿ
࠸࡬ࢇ࡞㔞ࡢ⤒㦂ⓗㄆ㆑ࢆ✚ࡳ㔜ࡡ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ㛗࠸
ࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢࠕุ᩿ㄽࠖࢆࠊ┤᥋ⓗ࡞⤒㦂
ᮇ㛫࡟ࢃࡓࡿே㛫ࡢࠊ࢔ࣜࡢṌࡳࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡺࡗࡃ
࡟୚࠼ࡽࢀࡿ⌧㇟ࡢㄆ㆑࠿ࡽࢫࢱ࣮ࢺࡋࠊᮏ㉁࡟ࠊ
ࡾ࡜ࡋࡓศᯒ࡜⥲ྜ࡟ࡼࡾࠊᏑᅾࡸ㐠ື୍⯡ࡢᮏ
ᮏ㉁࠿ࡽᴫᛕ࡬࡜Ⓨᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡜ࡋ࡚
ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㄆ㆑ࡀࠊ᭱ࡶᢳ㇟ⓗ࡛ᬑ㐢ⓗ࡞ゝㄒ
᥈✲ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ
࡜ࡋ࡚⵳✚ࡉࢀᵓ㐀໬ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡔ
ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡲࡔࠊㅖุ᩿ᙧᘧࡢ୰࡟ࠊPYP ࡢࠕᴫ
࠿ࡽࠊ༢࡟࢔࣭ࣉࣜ࢜ࣜ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡣ࠸࠼࡞
ᛕࠖࢆ఩⨨࡙ࡅࠊࡑࡢጇᙜᛶ࡜㝈⏺ࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ
࠸ࠋ
ࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ఱࡀㄆ㆑ࡉࢀఱࡀㄆ㆑ࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡢ
ࣀ࣮࣒࣭ࢳ࣒ࣙࢫ࣮࢟ࡣࠕᬑ㐢ᩥἲࠖࢆே㛫࡟
࠿ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ࡝࠺㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ࠊPYP ௨እ
ඛぢⓗ࡟ഛࢃࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡇࢀ
ࡢ௚ࡢᴫᛕ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡣ࡝࠺࡞ࡢ࠿ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍ
ࡣࠊே㛫ࡢࠕ㢮ⓗᮏᛶࠖ࡟ᒓࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃
ࡿ᥈✲ࡣࡇࢀ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࠕ㢮ⓗᮏᛶࠖࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟Ⓨ
௒ᚋࡢ◊✲ࡢᣦ㔪࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢุ
⏕ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡢ࠿ࢆᤊ࠼ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ࠸ࢃࡤࠊࢳ
᩿ࡢㅖᙧᘧ࡜ᅜ㝿ࣂ࢝ࣟࣞ࢔ࡢึ➼ᩍ⫱ࣉࣟࢢ
࣒ࣙࢫ࣮࢟ࡢࠕᬑ㐢ᩥἲࠖࡀࠕゎ๗Ꮫࠖ࡞ࡽࡤࠊ
࣒࡛ࣛ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿ㸶ࡘࡢᴫᛕ࡜ࡢᑐ↷ࢆᅗᘧⓗ
ࡑࡢࠕⓎ⏕Ꮫࠖࢆே㛫ࡢㄆ㆑ࡢ῝ࡲࡾ࡜㛵㐃௜ࡅ
࡟♧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋࡑࡢ๓࡟ࠊ
ࠕMaking
࡚᥈✲ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
the PYP happenࠖ࡟᪊ࡅࡿ㸶ࡘࡢᴫᛕࡢᐃ⩏ࢆ
ぢ࡚࠾ࡇ࠺ࠋ
ᴾ
ᴾ
ᴾ
ᴾ
ᴾ
ᴾ
҅஭ΰᢹ≝⇾∞⇘∑↝ᛯྸ‫↝ܖ‬Йૺᛯ↚૿ↀ↺ⅤཎഷⅥ↝ࢫл
65
ᵮᵷᵮᴾᶉᶃᶗᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᶑᴾᵿᶌᶂᴾᶐᶃᶊᵿᶒᶃᶂᴾᶏᶓᶃᶑᶒᶇᶍᶌᶑᴾ
ᵤᶍᶐᶋᴾ
࢟˳ᴾ
ᶉᶃᶗᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᴾᶏᶓᶃᶑᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ What is it like?ᴾ
ᶉᶃᶗᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᴾᶏᶓᶃᶑᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ ẮủỊỄỉợạễờỉẦᵝί‫ٳ‬ᚇὸᴾᴾ
ᵢᶃᶄᶇᶌᶇᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ The understanding that everything has a
ᵢᶃᶄᶇᶌᶇᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ ɟЏỉờỉỊẆᚇ‫ݑ‬ẰủẆᛐᜤẰủẆẸỉཎࣉửᛟଢ
form with recognizable features that can be ob-
ẰủẆЎ᫏ẰủạỦợạễẆᙸềỪẦỦཎࣉửờẾẺɟếỉ࢟७ử
served, identified, described and categorized.ᴾ
ਤẾềẟỦểẟạʕᚐẇᴾ
ᵰᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᵿᶊᶃᴾ ᴾ ᴾ This concept was selected because the
ᵰᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᵿᶊᶃᴾ ᴾ ẮỉಒࣞỊഏỉợạễྸဌỂᢠịủẺẇẴễỪẼẆᚇ
ability to observe, identify, describe
‫ݑ‬ẲẆᛐᜤẲẆᛟଢẲίཎࣉửᡓỔὸẆЎ᫏ẴỦᏡщỊẆẴỔềỉ૙
and categorize is fundamental to human learning
ᅹỉϋỆẝỦểӷ଺Ệ૙ᅹử್ૺẴỦẆʴ᧓ỉ‫ܖ‬ỎỉؕᄽỂẝỦ
within and across all disciplines.ᴾ
ểẟạẮểẦỤỂẝỦẇᴾᴾ
ᵣᶖᵿᶋᶎᶊᶃᶑᴾᶍᶄᴾᶐᶃᶊᵿᶒᶃᶂᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᶑᴾ
ᵣᶖᵿᶋᶎᶊᶃᶑᴾᶍᶄᴾᶐᶃᶊᵿᶒᶃᶂᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᶑᴾ
Properties, structure, similarities, differences, ࣭
ཎࣱẆನᡯẆ᫏˩ࣱẆႻᢌࣱẆಮࡸᴾ
pattern
ᴾ
ᵤᶓᶌᶁᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ
ೞᏡί˺ဇὸᴾ
ᶉᶃᶗᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᴾᶏᶓᶃᶑᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ How does it work?ᴾ
ᶉᶃᶗᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᴾᶏᶓᶃᶑᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ ẮủỊỄỉợạỆೞᏡί˺ဇὸẴỦẦᴾ ᴾ
ᵢᶃᶄᶇᶌᶇᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ The understanding that everything has a
ᵢᶃᶄᶇᶌᶇᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ ɟЏỉờỉỊẆႸႎẆࢫлẆẝỦẟỊẆѣẨ૾ửਤẾề
purpose, a role or a way of behaving that can be
ấụẆẸẲềẸủỤỊᛦỔỦẮểầỂẨỦểẟạʕᚐẇᴾ
investigated.ᴾ
ᵰᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᵿᶊᶃᴾ ᴾ ẮỉಒࣞỊẆഏỉợạễྸဌỂᢠịủẺẇẴễỪẼẆ
ᵰᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᵿᶊᶃᴾ ᴾ ᴾ This concept was selected because the
ೞᏡởẆࢫлởẆ˺ဇởẆờỉỉೞᏡỉˁ૾ửЎௌẴỦᏡщỊẆ
ability to analyse function, role, behaviour and the
ẴỔềỉ૙ᅹỉϋỆẝỦểӷ଺Ệ૙ᅹử್ૺẴỦẆʴ᧓ỉ‫ܖ‬Ỏỉ
ways in which things work is fundamental to
ؕᄽỂẝỦểẟạẮểẦỤỂẝỦẇᴾᴾ
learning within and across all disciplines.ᴾ
ᵣᶖᵿᶋᶎᶊᶃᶑᴾᶍᶄᴾᶐᶃᶊᵿᶒᶃᶂᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᶑᴾ
ᵣᶖᵿᶋᶎᶊᶃᶑᴾᶍᶄᴾᶐᶃᶊᵿᶒᶃᶂᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᶑᴾ
˺ဇίѣ˺ὉӒࣖὸẆॖ࣬ျᡫẆಮࡸẆࢫлẆኵጢί˳ኒὸᴾ
Behaviour, communication, pattern, role, systems.ᴾ
ᴾ
ᵡᵿᶓᶑᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ
‫׆‬ௐ᧙̞ᴾ
ᶉᶃᶗᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᴾᶏᶓᶃᶑᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ Why is it like it is?ᴾ
ᶉᶃᶗᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᴾᶏᶓᶃᶑᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ễặẆẮủỊẮỉợạễờỉễỉẦᵝᴾᴾ
ᵢᶃᶄᶇᶌᶇᶒᶇᶍᶌ ᴾ ᴾ The understanding that things do not
ᵢᶃᶄᶇᶌᶇᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ ʙཋỊẆʻộẰỆឪẮẾềẟỦỉỂỊễẪίႺ੗ႎỆ‫܍‬
just happen, that there are causal relationships at
‫נ‬ẲềẟỦỉỂỊễẪὸẆ΁ẟềẟỦ‫׆‬ௐ᧙̞ầẝỦẆ˺ဇỊኽௐ
work, and that actions have consequences.ᴾ
ίࢨ᪪ὸửဃớểẟạʕᚐẇᴾᴾ
ᵰᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᵿᶊᶃᴾ ᴾ ᴾ This concept was selected because of the
ᵰᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᵿᶊᶃᴾ ᴾ ẮỉಒࣞỊẆഏỉợạễྸဌỂᢠịủẺẇẴễỪẼẆ
importance of prompting students to ask “Why?”
δᇜὉဃࢻỆẐễặẑểբỪẶỦợạᛔ‫ݰ‬ẴỦẮểỉ᣻ᙲࣱẆδᇜὉ
and of helping them to recognize that actions and
ဃࢻầẆ˺ဇểЈஹʙỆỊҾ‫׆‬ểኽௐầẝỦểẟạẮểửᛐᜤẴỦ
events have reasons and consequences. The analy-
Ắểử̟ẴẮểỉ᣻ᙲࣱẦỤỂẝỦẇ‫׆‬ௐ᧙̞ỉЎௌỊẆẴỔềỉ
sis of causal relationships is significant within and
૙ᅹỉϋỆ૿ẟềờ૙ᅹửộẺ್ỆếễẫɥỂờ᣻ᙲỂẝỦẦỤ
across all disciplines.ᴾ
ỂẝỦẇᴾ
ᵣᶖᵿᶋᶎᶊᶃᶑᴾᶍᶄᴾᶐᶃᶊᵿᶒᶃᶂᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᶑᴾ
ᵣᶖᵿᶋᶎᶊᶃᶑᴾᶍᶄᴾᶐᶃᶊᵿᶒᶃᶂᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᶑᴾ
Consequences, sequences, pattern, impact.ᴾ
ኽௐẆᡲዓࣱẆಮࡸẆࢨ᪪ᴾ
ᴾ
66
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
ᵡᶆᵿᶌᶅᶃ
‫҄٭‬ᴾ
ᶉᶃᶗᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᴾᶏᶓᶃᶑᶒᶇᶍᶌ How is it changing?
ᶉᶃᶗᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᴾᶏᶓᶃᶑᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ẮủỊẆỄạ‫҄٭‬ẴỦỉẦᵝᴾᴾ
Definition The understanding that change is the
ᵢᶃᶄᶇᶌᶇᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ ‫҄٭‬ểỊẆẝỦཞ७ẦỤ˂ỉཞ७ồỉѣẨỉᢅᆉỂẝ
process of movement from one state
ỦểẟạʕᚐẇẮủỊ୍ᢄႎỂẝỦểӷ଺Ệ࣏໱ႎỂờẝỦẇᴾᴾ
to another. It is universal and inevitable.
ᵰᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᵿᶊᶃᴾ ᴾ ẮỉಒࣞỊഏỉྸဌỂᢠịủẺẇẴễỪẼẆẸủί‫٭‬
ᵰᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᵿᶊᶃ
This concept was selected, not only be-
҄ὸầɟЏỉ‫נ܍‬ᎍί‫נ܍‬ẴỦཋὸỉ୍ᢄႎễཎࣉỉợạễờỉẻẬ
cause it is such a universal feature of all existence,
ỂễẪẆẸủầδᇜὉဃࢻẺẼỆ‫׎‬ᨥႎễ࣎ನảửႆᢋẰẶỦẮểể
but also because it has particular relevance to stu-
᧙̞ầẝỦẦỤỂẝỦẇẸẲềẆẮỉ‫׎‬ᨥႎễ࣎ನảỊẆ‫؏ע‬ႎẆ‫ע‬
dents developing international-mindedness who are
ྶἾἫἽႎẆɲ૾Ểỉ‫҄٭‬ỉἬὊἋầᡮộẾềẟẪểẮỨỉẐɭမẑỉ
growing up in a world in which the pace of change,
ɶỂ঺ᧈẲềẟỦẇᴾ
both local and global, is accelerating.
ᵣᶖᵿᶋᶎᶊᶃᶑᴾᶍᶄᴾᶐᶃᶊᵿᶒᶃᶂᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᶑᴾ
ᵣᶖᵿᶋᶎᶊᶃᶑᴾᶍᶄᴾᶐᶃᶊᵿᶒᶃᶂᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᶑ
ᢘࣖẆ঺ᧈẆࣅ࿢ẆᡲዓẆ‫࢟٭‬ᴾ
Adaptation, growth, cycles, sequences, transformation.
ᴾ
ᵡᶍᶌᶌᶃᶁᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ
᧙̞ᴾ
ᶉᶃᶗᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᴾᶏᶓᶃᶑᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ ᴾ How is it connected other
ᶉᶃᶗᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᴾᶏᶓᶃᶑᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ẮủỊẆ˂ỉờỉểỄỉợạỆ᧙̞Ẳềẟ
things?
ỦẦᵝᴾ
ᵢᶃᶄᶇᶌᶇᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ The understanding that we live in a
ᵢᶃᶄᶇᶌᶇᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᅶẺẼỊẆỄỮễ̾Кႎễᙲእờ˂ỉờỉỆࢨ᪪ửɨ
world of interacting systems in
ảỦợạễႻʝ˺ဇẴỦẺẪẰỮỉἉἋἘἲỉɶỂဃẨềẟỦểẟạ
which the actions
of any individual element affect others.ᴾ
ʕᚐẇᴾᴾ
ᵰᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᵿᶊᶃᴾ ᴾ ᴾ This concept was selected because of the
ᵰᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᵿᶊᶃᴾ ᴾ ẮỉಒࣞỊẆഏỉợạễྸဌỂᢠịủẺẇẴễỪẼẆᖎ
importance of appreciating that nothing exists in a
໯ỉɶỆ‫נ܍‬ẴỦờỉỊễẪẆớẲỨɟЏỉờỉỊɟếỉἉἋἘἲỆ
vacuum but, rather, as an element in a system; that
ấẬỦᙲእểẲề‫נ܍‬ẲềẟỦẇἉἋἘἲỉɶỉẆẝỦẟỊẆἉἋἘ
the relationships within and among systems are
ἲ᧓ỉ᧙̞ỊẆ‫ٶ‬Ẫỉ‫ئ‬ӳᙐᩃỂẝỦẇἉἋἘἲỉẆẝỦɟ᩿ỆấẬ
often complex, and that changes in one aspect of a
Ủ‫҄٭‬ỊẆႺ੗ႎỆỊᙸảễẪểờẆί˂Ệ‫ݣ‬Ẳềὸࢨ᪪ửਤếỂẝỨ
system will have consequences, even through
ạẇႺ੗ႎỂẝỨạểẆ̾ʴႎἾἫἽỂẝỨạểẆẝỦẟỊẆ࿢‫ؾ‬ểσ
these nay not be immediately apparent; that we
ӷ˳Ệࢨ᪪ửɨảỦᢒ‫ٻ‬ễൿ‫ܭ‬ỉἾἫἽỂẝỨạểẆᅶẺẼỊẆᐯЎ
must consider the impact of our actions on others,
ỉᘍໝỉ˂ᎍồỉࢨ᪪ử༌ॾẲễẬủịễỤễẟẇᴾᴾ
whether at the immediate, personal level or at the
ᵣᶖᵿᶋᶎᶊᶃᶑᴾᶍᶄᴾᶐᶃᶊᵿᶒᶃᶂᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᶑᴾ
level of far-reaching decisions affecting environ-
ኵጢẆ᧙̞Ẇዡཞኵጢ˳ẆँࣱࠝẆႻʝ̔‫ࣱ܍‬ᴾ
ment and communities.
ᵣᶖᵿᶋᶎᶊᶃᶑᴾᶍᶄᴾᶐᶃᶊᵿᶒᶃᶂᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᶑᴾ
Systems, relationship, networks, homeostasis, interdependence
ᴾ
ᴾ
ᴾ
ᴾ
҅஭ΰᢹ≝⇾∞⇘∑↝ᛯྸ‫↝ܖ‬Йૺᛯ↚૿ↀ↺ⅤཎഷⅥ↝ࢫл
67
ᵮᶃᶐᶑᶎᶃᶁᶒᶇᶔᶃᴾ
ᚇໜᴾ
ᵩᶃᶗᴾᶏᶓᶃᶑᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾWhat are the points of view?
ᶉᶃᶗᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᴾᶏᶓᶃᶑᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᚇໜểỊễỆẦᵝᴾ
ᵢᶃᶄᶇᶌᶇᶒᶇᶍᶌThe understanding that knowledge is
ᵢᶃᶄᶇᶌᶇᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ ჷᜤỊẆᚇໜỆợẾềᙹ‫ܭ‬ẰủỦểẟạʕᚐẇီễỦ
moderated by perspectives; different㻌 perspectives
ᚇໜỊẆီễỦᚐ᣷ẆီễỦྸᚐẆီễỦႆᙸỆếễầỦẇᚇໜ
lead to different interpretations, understandings
ỊẆ̾ʴႎẆᨼ‫ׇ‬ႎẆ૨҄ႎẆẝỦẟỊẆ૙ᅹႎỂẝỦẇᴾ
and findings;㻌 perspectives may be individual,
ᵰᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᵿᶊᶃᴾ ᴾ ẮỉಒࣞỊഏỉྸဌỂᢠịủẺẇδᇜὉဃࢻỉẆҥኝ
group, cultural or disciplinary.
҄ỉ਎ዌỆӼẦạൢឋỉḘẮủỊίờỉỉὸᚐ᣷ỆؕỀẟềẟỦ
ᵰᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᵿᶊᶃᴾThis concept was selected because of the
ὊẆ˂ỉᚇໜử੕Ẳ൭ỜẆขẪᎋảỦẮểỆӼẦạൢឋỉẆẸẲềẆ
compelling need to develop in㻌 students the
ദ࢘ểᛐỜỤủỦᚐ᣷ỉႆ‫ޒ‬ỆӼẦạൢឋỉ᧏ႆỉởớỆởộủ
disposition towards rejecting simplistic, biased
ệ࣏ᙲࣱỂẝỦẇᴾ
interpretations,㻌 towards seeking and considering
ᵣᶖᵿᶋᶎᶊᶃᶑᴾᶍᶄᴾᶐᶃᶊᵿᶒᶃᶂᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᶑᴾ
the points of view of others, and towards㻌
ɼᚇࣱẆჇܱẆ̮ࣞẆॖᙸẆέλᚇί͞ᙸὸᴾᴾ
developing defensible interpretations.ᴾ
ᵣᶖᵿᶋᶎᶊᶃᶑᴾᶍᶄᴾᶐᶃᶊᵿᶒᶃᶂᴾ ᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᶑᴾ
Subjectivity, truth, beliefs, opinion, prejudice
ᴾ
ᴾ
ᴾ
ᴾ
ᴾ
ᴾ
ᴾ
ᴾ
ᴾ
ᴾ
ᵰᶃᶑᶎᶍᶌᶑᶇᶀᶇᶊᶇᶒᶗᴾ
ᝧ˓ᴾ
ᶉᶃᶗᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᴾᶏᶓᶃᶑᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ What is our responsibility?ᴾ
ᶉᶃᶗᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᴾᶏᶓᶃᶑᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ ঻ẉỉᝧ˓ỊỄỉợạễờỉẦᵝᴾᴾ
ᵢᶃᶄᶇᶌᶇᶒᶇᶍᶌ ᴾ ᴾ The understanding that people make
ᵢᶃᶄᶇᶌᶇᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ ʴẉỊẆᐯỤỉྸᚐỆؕỀẨᢠ৸ửᘍạểẟạẮểỉ
choices based on their understandings, and the
ྸᚐểẆʴẉầኽௐểẲềᢠốᘍໝỊẆί̾ʴ᧓ỆὸႻᢌửဃỚЈ
actions they take as a result do make a difference.ᴾ
Ẵểẟạểẟạʕᚐẇᴾᴾ
ᵰᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᵿᶊᶃᴾ ᴾ ᴾ This concept was selected because of the
ᵰᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᵿᶊᶃᴾ ᴾ ẮỉಒࣞỊẆഏỉྸဌỂᢠịủẺẇẴễỪẼẆδᇜὉ
need to develop in students the disposition towards
ဃࢻỉɶỆẆᐯЎầࡽẨӖẬỦᝧ˓ểӼẦẟẝạൢឋểẆᅈ˟ႎ
identifying and assuming responsibility, and to-
ễᝧ˓ỉẝỦᘍѣửểỦ૾ӼỆӼẦạൢឋểửႆ‫ޒ‬ẰẶỦ࣏ᙲࣱ
wards taking socially responsible action. This con-
ẦỤỂẝỦẇẮỉಒࣞỊẆẐᘍໝẑểႺ੗ếễầẾềẟỦẇẐᘍໝẑ
cept is directly linked to the action component, one
ỊẆನ঺ᙲእḘᵮᵷᵮ ỉỽἼỿἷἻἲỉஜឋႎễᙲእỉọểếὊỂ
of the essential elements in the
ẝỦẇᴾ
PYP curriculum.ᴾ
ᴾ
ᵣᶖᵿᶋᶎᶊᶃᶑᴾᶍᶄᴾᶐᶃᶊᵿᶒᶃᶂᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᶑᴾ
ᵣᶖᵿᶋᶎᶊᶃᶑᴾᶍᶄᴾᶐᶃᶊᵿᶒᶃᶂᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᶑᴾ
Rights, citizenship, values, justice, initiative.ᴾ
ദ፯ẆࠊൟೌẆ̖͌ẆദወࣱίπദὸẆɼ‫ೌݰ‬ᴾ
68
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
ᵰᶃᶄᶊᶃᶁᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ
ӒႾί࣬ᎋỆ‫ݣ‬ẴỦὸḘᐯࠁॖᜤᴾ
ᶉᶃᶗᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᴾᶏᶓᶃᶑᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ How do we know?ᴾ
ᶉᶃᶗᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᴾᶏᶓᶃᶑᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ ᅶẺẼỊỄỉợạỆẲềჷỦỉẦᵝᴾᴾ
ᵢᶃᶄᶇᶌᶇᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ The understanding that there are differ-
ᵢᶃᶄᶇᶌᶇᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ ჷỦẺỜỉီễẾẺ૾ඥầẝỦểẟạẮểỉྸᚐẇẝ
ent ways of knowing, and that it is important to
ỦẟỊẆỪủỪủỉኽᛯửӒႾẴỦẮểởẆỪủỪủỉ࣬ᎋỉ૾
reflect on our conclusions, to consider our methods
ඥởẆỪủỪủỉợẪᎋảẺఌਗ˄Ậỉឋểദࣱ࢘ểửẆ༌ᎋẴỦ
of reasoning, and the quality and the reliability of
Ắểầ᣻ᙲỂẝỦểẟạʕᚐẇᴾᴾ
the evidence we have considered.
ᵰᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᵿᶊᶃᴾ ᴾ ႻʝỆ᧙̞ẲẺẆᡲዓẴỦ࣬ᎋỆểẾề࣏ᙲẻẦỤẆ
ᵰᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᵿᶊᶃᴾ ᴾ This concept was selected for a series of
ẮỉಒࣞầᢠịủẺẇẮỉಒࣞỊẆδᇜὉဃࢻửẲềẆࢬỤỉί੔ဇ
interrelated reasons. It challenges the students to
ẲẺὸఌਗởίࢬỤỉ࣬ᎋỉὸ૾ඥởẆίࢬỤỉɦẲẺὸኽᛯửች௹Ẵ
examine their evidence, methods and conclusions.
ỦẮểỆਪộẶỦẇẸạẴỦẮểỂẆδᇜὉဃࢻỉ࣬ᎋửẆἳἑᛐᜤ
In doing so, it extends their thinking into the higher
ᛯỉợụ᭗ẟ௒ኵỚỆộỂ˦ịẲẆီễẾẺ૙ᅹỆ૿ẟềẆẐჷỦẑ
order of metacognition, begins to acquaint them
ểẟạẮểầỄạẟạẮểửॖԛẴỦẦẆδᇜὉဃࢻỆ૙ả‫ڼ‬ỜẆẰỤ
with what it means to know in different disciplines,
Ệఌਗửች௹ẴỦểẨỆẆ๼‫נ‬ႎễέλᚇί͞ᙸὸẆẝỦẟỊẆ˂ỉ
and encourages them to be rigorous in examining
ɧദᄩẰỆẆδᇜὉဃࢻầӈ఍ỂẝỦợạỆẲớẬỦẇᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ
evidence for potential bias or other inaccuracy.ᴾ ᴾ
ᵣᶖᵿᶋᶎᶊᶃᶑᴾᶍᶄᴾᶐᶃᶊᵿᶒᶃᶂᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᶑᴾ
ᵣᶖᵿᶋᶎᶊᶃᶑᴾ ᶍᶄᴾ ᶐᶃᶊᵿᶒᶃᶂᴾ ᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᶑᴾ Review, interpretation,
ϐ౨᚛ίਰụᡉụὸẆᚐ᣷ẆఌਗẆᝧ˓Ẇ˺ဇίѣ˺ὉӒࣖὸᴾ
evidence, responsibility, behavior.ᴾ
(International Baccalaureate ࠕMaking the PYP happenࠖ pp.18-20 )
69
҅஭ΰᢹ≝⇾∞⇘∑↝ᛯྸ‫↝ܖ‬Йૺᛯ↚૿ↀ↺ⅤཎഷⅥ↝ࢫл
ࡇࢀ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁࠊุ᩿ㄽࡢㅖᙧᘧ࡟ᙜ࡚ࡣࡵࡿ࡜ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
ࡇ࠺ぢࡿ࡜ࠊPYP ࡢࠕᴫᛕࠖࡢጇᙜᛶ࡜㝈⏺ࡀ
ࣂ࢝ࣟࣞ࢔ࡢึ➼ᩍ⫱ࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿ
ࡓ࠸࡬ࢇࡣࡗࡁࡾࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᑐ㇟ࡢࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞
ㅖᴫᛕࡢጇᙜᛶ࡜㝈⏺ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧ┦஫ࡢ⦪࣭ᶓ࣭ᩳ
ᵝ┦ࢆᤕ࠼ࡁࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ≉࡟ࠊࠕᐇయࠖ࡜ࠕᵓ
ࡵࡢ㐃㛵ࢆࠊᑐ㇟࡟ᑐࡍࡿㄆ㆑ࡢ῝໬ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ
㐀㺁(᭷ᶵⓗ㛵ಀ)ࢆᤕ࠼ࡿࠕᴫᛕ⿦⨨ࠖࡀࡓ࠸࡬
ࡢ୰࡛᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓ࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊPYP
ࢇ⬤ᙅ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ
ࡢᴫᛕ-᧯స࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣᤕ࠼ࡁࡿࡇ
௒ᚋࡢㄢ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢุ᩿ㄽࡢㅖᙧ
ᘧࡢጇᙜᛶ࡜㝈⏺ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧ┦஫ࡢ㐃㛵࠿ࡽࠊᅜ㝿
࡜ࡢ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ᵝ┦ࡶぢ࠼࡚ࡃࡿࠋ
ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤࠊ㸶ࡘࡢࠕConceptsࠖ࡟ࡣࠊ
ࠕᐃゝุ
70
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
᩿ࠖ
㸦
ࠕᐇయࠖࡢㄆ㆑㸧࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿࡶࡢࡀ࡞࠸ࠋ⚾
స⏝㸦interaction㸧ࢆཎ⌮࡜ࡍࡿ᥈✲ࢆᵓ᝿ࡋࡓࠋ
ࡣࠊ
ࠕChangeࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᴫᛕࡀࠊࡑࡢᙺ๭ࢆ㈇࠺ᚲ
ࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊࢹ࣮ࣗ࢖⮬㌟ࡶࠊ≀஦ࢆᐇయⓗ࡟ぢࡿ
せࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
㸦ࠕᵓ㐀ࠖࢆㄆ㆑ࡍࡿࠕ㑅
ࡇ࡜ࢆㄆࡵ࡚ࡣ࠸࡞࠸ࠋ
ゝุ᩿ࠖ࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿᴫᛕ⿦⨨ࡶ⏝ពࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸
ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺ၥ㢟Ⅼࡣṧࡋࡘࡘࡶࠊ
ࠕほᛕࠖ
ࡀࠊࡇࢀࡽ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢヲ㏙ࡣࠊḟࡢᶵ఍࡟⾜࠸ࡓ
ࢆ୚௳࡜ࡋ࡚๓ᥦࡋࠊࡑࢀࢆᏛ⩦⪅࡟ఏ㐩ࡍࡿࡇ
࠸ࠋ㸧
࡜ࢆᩍ⫱ࡢ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࠕほᛕࠖࢆࠊ
ࠕChangeࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᴫᛕࡀࠕ௬ゝุ᩿ࠖ࡟┦ᙜ
ே㛫⮬ࡽ࡞ࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡾࠊ࠿ࡘ࡞ࡋ࠺ࡿάືࡢᡤ⏘
ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣㄡ࡛ࡶ⣡ᚓࡢ࠸ࡃࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡋ࠿
࡜⪃࠼ࡿࣉࣛࢢ࣐ࢸ࢕ࢬ࣒ࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࡣࠊ≉࡟ࠊ⌧
ࡋࠊ
ࠕChangeࠖࡀᐃゝุ᩿࡟᪊ࡅࡿࠕᐇయࠖࢆᤕ
ᐇࡢ୰࠿ࡽࠕၥ㢟ࠖࢆษࡾྲྀࡾࠊゎỴࡍࡿ⬟ຊ࡜ࠊ
࠼ࡿ࡜࠸࠺࡜ࠊ㐪࿴ឤࢆぬ࠼ࡿྥࡁࡶ࠸ࡽࡗࡋࡷ
ே㛫࡟࡜ࡗ࡚࡯ࢇ࡜࠺࡟኱ษ࡞▱㆑ࢆ⮬ࡽ๰ࡾ
ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࡜ᛮ࠺ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ⚾ࡀࠊᩒ࠼࡚
ࡔࡍ⬟ຊࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ㄢ㢟࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࠊࡓ࠸࡬
ࠕChangeࠖࢆࠕᐇయࠖࢆᤕ࠼ࡿࠕᴫᛕࠖ࡟ᣢࡗ
ࢇ኱ࡁ࡞ព⩏ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ␲࠺వᆅࡀ࡞
࡚ࡁࡓࡢࡣࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞⌮⏤ࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࠸ࠋ
ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊࠕᐇయࠖ࡜ࡣࠊኚ໬ࡢ୰࡟࠶ࡗ࡚ኚ
ࡉࡽ࡟ࠊࠕMaking the PYP happenࠖࡣࠊ㸶
ࢃࡽࡊࡿᬑ㐢ᛶࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊㅖ⌧㇟ࡀࡑࢀ࡞ࡋ࡛
ࡘࡢ Concepts ࢆ௨ࡗ࡚⤊ࢃࡾ࡜ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ
ࡣᏑᅾࡋᚓ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞ᬑ㐢ࡢᇶ♏࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀ
ࡑ ࢀ ࡒ ࢀ ࡢ Concept ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࡑ ࡢ ࠕ related
ࡗ࡚ࠊኚ໬ࡸከᵝᛶࢆᤕ࠼ࡿࠕChangeࠖ࡟࠾࠸
conceptࠖࡢ౑⏝ࢆㄆࡵࡓ⮬⏤ᗘࡢ㧗࠸ࣇ࣮࣒ࣞ
࡚ࠊࡑࡢ୰࡟᪊࠸࡚ࠕኚࢃࡽࡊࡿᬑ㐢ᛶࠖࢆᢕᥱ
࣮࣡ࢡ࡛࠶ࡿࠋConcepts ࢆᢈุⓗᛮ⪃ࡢࠕ㐨ලࠖ
ࡍࡿࡢࡀጇᙜ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࡜࠸࠺ࠊ࠸ࢃࡤࠕᣑ኱ゎ㔘ࠖ
࡜ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡓࡕࡢ⬟
ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠶ࢃࡏ࡚ࠊ
ࠕChangeࠖ࡟᪊
ຊࢆ㧗ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃࡓࡵ࡟ࡶࠊPYP ⮬యࢆⓎᒎࡉࡏ
࠸ ࡚ ࡣ ࠊ ࡑ ࡢ ࠕ related concept ࠖ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚
ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡶࠊ
ࠕrelated conceptࠖࡢ㐺ษ࡞౑⏝࡜
ࠕSubstanceࠖࢆ⏝࠸ࡿᚲせࡶ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺࡜⪃࠼
ࡑࡢ◊✲ࡣᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋ
ࡿࠋ
ࡑࢀ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ࡞ࡐࠊPYP ࡛ࡣࠊ
ࠕᐇయࠖࡸࠕᮏ
ࡉ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢࡇ࡜ࡣࠊึ➼ᩍ⫱ࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛ
㉁ࠖ࡞࡝ࡢࠕᴫᛕࠖࢆ⏝࠸ࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ
⏝࠸ࡿᴫᛕࡢ౑࠸᪉ࢆࡼࡾ࠸ࡗࡑ࠺⌮ゎࡍࡿࡓ
࠺࠿ࠋ
ࠕMaking the PYP happenࠖ࡟᪊ࡅࡿࠕKey
ࡵ࡟ࡶࠊࡲࡓࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᴫᛕࢆ࡝࠺⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ
Conceptsࠖࡢㄝ᫂࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡑࡢࠕrelated
࡚┦⿵ࢃࡏࡿࡢ࠿ࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࡣࠊࡑࡢᴫᛕࢆ⿵඘ࡍ
conceptsࠖ࡟᪊࠸࡚ࡉ࠼ࠕᐇయࠖࡸࠕᮏ㉁ࠖࡣ⤂
ࡿࡓࡵ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞㛵㐃ᴫᛕࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࡽࡼ࠸࠿
௓ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡣ࡝࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ
ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿୖ࡛ࡶࠊ኱ࡁࡃ㈉⊩ࡍࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋ
ࡇࡇ࡟ࡣࠊࣉࣛࢢ࣐ࢸ࢕ࢬ࣒ࡢᙳ㡪ࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ࡇࡢㄢ㢟࡟ࡴࡅ࡚ࡉࡽ࡟᥈✲ࢆ⥆ࡅࡿỴព࡛
ࢪ࣭ࣙࣥࢹ࣮ࣗ࢖࡟㝈ࡽࡎࠊࣉࣛࢢ࣐ࢸ࢕ࢬ࣒ࡣࠊ
࠶ࡿࠋ
⤒㦂ࢆ၏୍ࡢᐇᅾ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠕ⤒㦂ㄽࠖࡢ୍✀࡛࠶
ࡿࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࡤࠊ࢘࢕ࣜ࢔࣒࣭ࢪ࢙࣮࣒ࢬ࡟ࡣࠊ
ࠕ⣧
⢋ᣢ⥆ࠖࡸࠕ⣧⢋ព㆑ࠖࡢ᰿※ᛶࢆ୺ᙇࡍࡿ࢔ࣥ
࣭ࣜ࣋ࣝࢡࢯࣥࡸࠊࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ࿨㢟ࢆࣉࣟࢺࢥࣝ࿨
㢟࡟㑏ඖࡋࠊព㆑࠿ࡽ⊂❧ࡋࡓ≀㉁ࡢᏑᅾࢆࠕᙧ
⪋ୖᏛࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚㏥ࡅࡓ࢘࢕࣮ࣥᏛᅋ➼ࡢᙳ㡪ࡀㄆ
ࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࣉࣛࢢ࣐ࢸ࢕ࢬ࣒ࡢඛ㥑⪅ࡣࠊ
ࢲ࣮࢘࢕ࢽࢬ࣒ࡢᙳ㡪࠿ࡽࠊ⎔ቃ࡜ே㛫࡜ࡢ┦஫
ト
㸦ト 1㸧ᅜ㝿ࣂ࢝ࣟࣞ࢔ࡢึ➼ᩍ⫱ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ
ᅜ㝿ࣂ࢝ࣟࣞ࢔ᶵᵓ㸦ᮏ㒊ࢪࣗࢿ࣮ࣈ㸧ࡀᥦ౪
ࡍࡿᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ᩍ⫱ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࠋᅜ㝿ࣂ࢝ࣟࣞ࢔
㸦IB㸸International Baccalaureate㸧ࡣࠊ1968
ᖺࠊࢳࣕࣞࣥࢪ࡟‶ࡕࡓ⥲ྜⓗ࡞ᩍ⫱ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ
࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊୡ⏺ࡢ」㞧ࡉࢆ⌮ゎࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢࡇ࡜࡟ᑐ
ฎ࡛ࡁࡿ⏕ᚐࢆ⫱ᡂࡋࠊ⏕ᚐ࡟ᑐࡋࠊᮍ᮶࡬㈐௵
࠶ࡿ⾜ືࢆ࡜ࡿࡓࡵࡢែᗘ࡜ࢫ࢟ࣝࢆ㌟࡟௜ࡅ
҅஭ΰᢹ≝⇾∞⇘∑↝ᛯྸ‫↝ܖ‬Йૺᛯ↚૿ↀ↺ⅤཎഷⅥ↝ࢫл
ࡉࡏࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊᅜ㝿ⓗ࡟㏻⏝ࡍࡿ኱ᏛධᏛ㈨᱁
㸦ᅜ㝿ࣂ࢝ࣟࣞ࢔㈨᱁㸧ࢆ୚࠼ࠊ኱Ꮫ㐍Ꮫ࡬ࡢࣝ
࣮ࢺࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚タ⨨ࠋ
⌧ᅾࠊㄆᐃᰯ࡟ᑐࡍࡿඹ㏻࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢసᡂ
ࡸࠊୡ⏺ඹ㏻ࡢᅜ㝿ࣂ࢝ࣟࣞ࢔ヨ㦂ࠊᅜ㝿ࣂ࢝ࣟ
ࣞ࢔㈨᱁ࡢᤵ୚➼ࢆᐇ᪋ࠋ ᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ど㔝ࢆᣢࡗ
ࡓேᮦࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ⏕ᚐࡢᖺ㱋࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ࠊ௨
ୗࡢᩍ⫱ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆᥦ౪ࠋᖹᡂ 27 ᖺ 10 ᭶ 1
᪥⌧ᅾࠊୡ⏺ 140 ௨ୖࡢᅜ࣭ᆅᇦࠊ4,344 ᰯ㸦᪥
ᮏᅜෆ㸸35 ᰯ㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚ᐇ᪋ࠋ
1ࠊࣉࣛ࢖࣐࣮࣭ࣜ࢖࣮ࣖࢬ࣭ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㸦PYP㸧
࠙1,323 ᰯ (ᅜෆ㸸19 ᰯ)ࠚ3 ṓ㹼12 ṓࢆᑐ
㇟࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ⢭⚄࡜㌟యࡢ୧᪉ࢆⓎ㐩ࡉࡏࡿࡇ
࡜ࢆ㔜どࡋࡓࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࠋ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ゝㄒ࡛
ࡶᥦ౪ྍ⬟ࠋ1997 ᖺタ⨨ࠋ
2ࠊ࣑ࢻ࣭ࣝ࢖࣮ࣖࢬ࣭ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㸦MYP㸧
࠙1,219 ᰯ (ᅜෆ㸸9 ᰯ)ࠚ11 ṓ㹼16 ṓࢆᑐ
㇟࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ㟷ᑡᖺ࡟ࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢᏛ⩦࡜♫఍
ࡢࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࢆᏛࡤࡏࡿࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࠋ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺
࡞ゝㄒ࡛ࡶᥦ౪ྍ⬟ࠋ1994 ᖺタ⨨ࠋ
3ࠊࢹ࢕ࣉ࣐࣭ࣟࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㸦DP㸧 ࠙2,918
ᰯ (ᅜෆ㸸26 ᰯ)ࠚ16 ṓ㹼19 ṓࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ
ࡓࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛ࠶ࡾࠊᡤᐃࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࢆ
2 ᖺ㛫ᒚಟࡋࠊ᭱⤊ヨ㦂ࢆ⤒࡚ᡤᐃࡢᡂ⦼ࢆ
཰ࡵࡿ࡜ࠊᅜ㝿ⓗ࡟ㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿ኱ᏛධᏛ㈨᱁
㸦ᅜ㝿ࣂ࢝ࣟࣞ࢔㈨᱁㸧ࡀྲྀᚓྍ⬟ࠋཎ๎࡜
ࡋ࡚ࠊⱥㄒࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒཪࡣࢫ࣌࢖ࣥㄒ࡛ᐇ
᪋ࠋ 1969 ᖺタ⨨ࠋ
4ࠊ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔㛵㐃ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㸦CP㸧 ࠙77 ᰯ(ᅜ
ෆ㸸-ᰯ)ࠚ16㹼19 ṓࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚⏕ᾭࡢ࢟ࣕ
ࣜ࢔ᙧᡂ࡟ᙺ❧ࡘࢫ࢟ࣝࡢ⩦ᚓࢆ㔜どࡋࡓࠊ
࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ᩍ⫱࣭⫋ᴗᩍ⫱࡟㛵㐃ࡋࡓࣉࣟࢢࣛ
࣒ࠋ୍㒊⛉┠ࡣⱥㄒࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒཪࡣࢫ࣌࢖
ࣥㄒ࡛ᐇ᪋ࠋ2012 ᖺタ⨨ࠋ (௨ୖࠊᩥ⛉┬
ࡢㄝ᫂ࡼࡾ)
㸦ト 2㸧ࠕMaking the PYP happenࠖ
ᅜ㝿ࣂ࢝ࣟࣞ࢔ࡢࠊPYPࠊMYPࠊDPࠊIBCC ࡢ
4 ࡘࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢࡦ࡜ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ PYP ࡢ࢞࢖ࢻ
ࣛ࢖ࣥࠋ
4 ࡘࡢࢥ࣮ࢫࡢࡍ࡭࡚࡟ඹ㏻ࡍࡿࡢࡣࠕᩍ⛉ᶓ᩿
ࡢ᥈✲ᆺᏛ⩦࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ
PYP ࡣࠊᩍ⛉ࡢᯟࢆ㉸࠼ࡓࢸ࣮࣐ࠊඵࡘࡢࢥࣥ
ࢭࣉࢶࠊ஬✀㢮ࡢࢫ࢟ࣝࢬࠊែᗘࠊ⾜ືࡢ஬ࡘࡢ
ᇶᮏせ⣲࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃࠋ
ࠕMaking the PYP happenࠖࡣࡑࡢヲ⣽ࢆㄝ᫂
ࡍࡿ࢞࢖ࢻࣛ࢖࡛ࣥ࠶ࡿࠋ
㸦ト 3㸧ᵓᡂ୺⩏ࡢ᪉ἲ
୕Ꮿ࡞࡯ࡳẶࡢᥦၐࡍࡿࠊࠕ▱㆑ᵓᡂᆺࢪࢢࢯ
࣮ἲࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᆺࢆ౑ࡗࡓඹྠᏛ⩦ࡸࠊࡲࡎ⏕ᚐࡓ
ࡕࡀ୺㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⮬⩦ࡋࠊᩍᐊ࡛ࡢᤵᴗ᫬㛫ࡣࠊ
⏕ᚐࡓࡕࡀண⩦࡛ᚓࡓ▱㆑ࢆά⏝ࡋ࡚ࠕၥ㢟ࠖࢆ
ゎỴࡍࡿࠕ཯㌿ᤵᴗࠖ࡞࡝ࡀ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡶࠊ
ᩍ⛉ࡢᯟࢆ㉸࠼ࡿᏛຊࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ
ࡑࡢཎᅉࡣࠊࢸ࣮࣐ࡀᩍ⛉ࡢᯟෆࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ
࡜ࡸࠊ⋓ᚓࡍ࡭ࡁᴫᛕⓗ࡞ᛮ⪃࡜ࡑࡢ᪉ἲࡀ᫂♧
ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࠊࢫ࢟ࣝࢬࡀᩚ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸
ࡇ࡜࡞࡝࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
71
㸦 ト 4 㸧 PYP ࡢ Concept ࡣ ᐇ 㝿 ࡢ Ꮫ ࡧ ࡛ ࡣ ࠊࠕ key
questionࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᙧ࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࡤࠊ
ࠕFunctionࠖ࡞ࡽࡤࠊ
ࠕࡇࢀࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡣࡓࡽ
ࡃࡢ࠿ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡟ࠋ
ࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࢆࠕMaking the PYP happen࡛ࠖࡣḟ
ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
The concepts that are central to the curriculum are presented in the form of key questions.
It is these questions, used flexibly by teachers
and students when planning an inquiry-based
unit, that shape that unit, giving it direction
and purpose. It is in this sense that the key
questions, and the concepts to which they relate, are said to drive the PYP curriculum.
࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢ୰ᚰ࡟࠶ࡿࠕㅖᴫᛕࠖࡣࠕ࣮࣭࢟
ࢡ࢙ࢵࢩࣙࣥࠖࡢᙧ࡛♧ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺
࡞ࠕ㉁ၥ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ᥈✲ࢆ࣮࣋ࢫ࡟ࡋ
ࡓ༢ඖࢆィ⏬ࡍࡿ࡜ࡁࠊᩍᖌ࡜ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐ࡟ࡼࡗ
࡚ᰂ㌾࡟⏝࠸ࡽࢀࠊࡑࡢ༢ඖࢆᙧ࡙ࡃࡾࠊࡑࡢ༢
ඖ࡟᪉ྥᛶ࡜┠ⓗ࡜ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࠕ㉁ၥ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡑ
ࢀࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ព࿡࡞࠾࠸࡚࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ
ࠕ࣮࣭࢟ࢡ࢙ࢵࢩࣙࣥࠖ࡜ࠕㅖᴫᛕࠖ࡜ࡣࠊ3<3
࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࢆ᧯సࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ௵ົ࡜ࡍࡿࠊ࡜࠸
࠺ព࿡࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
㸦ト 5㸧PYP ࡢ Concept-based-learning ࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀ
ࡿඵࡘࡢࢥࣥࢭࣉࢶࢆㄆ㆑ࡢ῝໬࡟༶ࡋ࡚㛵㐃
௜ࡅࡿ◊✲ࡣ௒ࡢ࡜ࡇࢁぢࡘ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀࡣ࠾
ࡑࡽࡃ PYP ࡢṔྐࡀ኱ኚ▷࠸(ጞࡲࡗࡓࡢࡀ㸯㸷
㸷㸵ᖺ࡛࠶ࡿ)ࡓࡵࠊᐇ㊶ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࡢ᣺ࡾ㏉ࡾࡀ
࠸ࡲࡔ࡟⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸࠸ࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࡜⪃࠼
ࡿࠋ
ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࢥࣥࢭࣉࢺࢆࠊ࢝ࣥࢺࡢ⣧⢋ᝅᛶᴫᛕ
࡜⤖ࡧࡘࡅࡓ◊✲ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ୰
ᮧᜨᏊẶࡢࠕᩍ⫱࡟࠾ࡅࡿᵓᡂ୺⩏ࠖ(ࠕ⌧௦♫
఍ᩥ໬◊✲ࠖ2001 No.21)࡞࡝ࡀࡑ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ
࠿ࡋࠊᵓᡂ୺⩏ࡢᩍ⫱⌮ㄽࡣࠊࣦ࢕ࢦࢶ࣮࢟ࡸࣆ
࢔ࢪ࢙ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊࢹ࣮ࣗ࢖ࡸࣦ࣮ࣝࢼ࣮ࢆ⌮ㄽ
ⓗ࡞⫼ᬒ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊඛ⾜▱㆑࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࡛ㄆ
㆑ࡸᛮ⪃ࢆྲྀࡾᢅ࠺ࠋࡑࢀࡣࡑࢀ࡛኱ኚ㔜せ࡛ࡣ
࠶ࡿࡀࠊᴫᛕ⮬యࡢ◊✲࡟ࡣ╔ᡭࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢ
ࡀ⌧≧࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࢥࣥࢭࣉࢺ⮬యࡀࠊ࢝ࣥࢺࡢ
⣧⢋ᝅᛶᴫᛕ(࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜ)࡜ྠᵝ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜
⪃࠼ࡿ࡜ࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡀඛ㦂ⓗ࡟ே㛫࡟ഛࢃࡗ
࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆㄆࡵࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ᖐ⤖࡟࡞
ࡿࡢࡶࠊࡇࡢ᪉㠃ࡢ◊✲ࡢ㐜ࢀࡢ୍ᅉ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ
⚾⮬㌟ࡣࠊࢳ࣒ࣙࢫ࣮࢟ࡢࠕᬑ㐢ᩥἲࠖ࡜ྠᵝࠊ
࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘඛぢⓗ࡞㠃ࡶ࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋࡇࡢ᪉㠃ࡢ
◊✲ࡣࠊṊ⏣୍༤Ặࡀ၏≀ㄽࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸
ࡿࡢࡀ⯆࿡ࢆᘬࡃ(ࠕ⌧௦၏≀ㄽࡢㄆ㆑ㄽⓗᯟ⤌
ࡳࠖ ၏≀ㄽ༠఍⦅ ࠗ၏≀ㄽ◊✲ᖺㄅ࠘ 2003
➨ 8 ྕ㸧
㸦ト 6㸧࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢㄽ⌮Ꮫࢆㄆ㆑ㄽⓗ࡟ㄞࡴ◊✲ࡣࡍ
࡛࡟⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋྂ࠸࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࡣࠊᯇᮧ୍ேẶ
ࡢࠕ࣮࣊ࢤࣝㄽ⌮ᏛࠖࡸᑎἑᜏಙẶࡢࠕᘚドἲⓗ
ㄽ⌮Ꮫヨㄽࠖ➼ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ⚾ࡣࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢᘚドἲ
ࢆṇࡋࡃ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊࡲࡎࡑࢀࢆㄆ㆑ㄽⓗ
࡟⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ㔜どࡋࡓᯇᮧẶࡢ⌮ㄽࡸࠊྠᵝ
ࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢㄽ⌮Ꮫࢆ◊✲ࡋࠊ࢝ࢸࢦࣜ
72
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
࣮ࡢ୍ࡘ୍ࡘࡢጇᙜᛶ࡜㝈⏺࡜㛵㐃࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿
࡟ࡋࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢᘚドἲࡢඃࢀࡓⅬࢆᯒฟࡋࡓぢ
⏣▼௓Ặ࡜㕥ᮌⱱẶࠊ࠾ࡼࡧᙼࡽࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ࡋࡓ◊
✲⪅ࡓࡕࡢᡂᯝࢆ኱ኚ࡟ព⩏ࡢ࠶ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ
࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
㸦ト 7㸧ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࠕᢳ㇟ⓗᬑ㐢࡜ࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢලయⓗᬑ
㐢࡜ࡢΰྠࠖࡣࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ㄝ᫂࡟ࡶ⌧ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࠕࠗᬑ㐢࠘ࡣ⡆༢࡟ゝ࠼ࡤࠊᙜヱୡ⏺ࡢࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ
஦≀ࢆ⤫ᣓࡍࡿ඲య⪅ࢆព࿡ࡋࠊࡑࡢୡ⏺ࡢࡍ࡭
࡚ࡢ஦≀ࡢ࡞࠿࡟ࡑࡢᬑ㐢ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡢᨭ㓄ࡀ☜ㄆ
ࡉࢀࡿ≧ែ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࠖ(ᓥᓮ㝯ࠕ࣮࣊ࢤࣝᘚドἲ࡜㏆
௦ㄆ㆑ࠖᮍ᮶♫ p.248)࡜ᓥᓮ㝯Ặࡣㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡇࢀࡣࠊලయⓗᬑ㐢࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋලయⓗᬑ
㐢ࡣ⮬ࡽ⮬ᕫࢆ≉Ṧ໬ࡋࡘࡘࡑࡇ࡟࠾࠸࡚⮬ᕫ⮬
㌟࡛࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᬑ㐢࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࢆ≉Ṧࡢ࡯࠺࠿
ࡽぢࡿ࡜ࠊ௚ࡢࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞≉Ṧ࡜ྠᵝ࡟࠶ࡿ≉Ṧ
ࡣࠊࡑࢀ⮬㌟⮬❧ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡢࡼ࠺࡟ぢ࠼࡞ࡀࡽࠊ
ᐇࡣࡑࡢ୍ࡘ୍ࡘࡀᬑ㐢࡛࠶ࡿࠋᬑ㐢ࡣࡑࡢࡼ࠺
࡞ព࿡࡛≉Ṧ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡑࢀ⮬㌟ࡶᬑ㐢࡛
࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ≉Ṧ⮬㌟ࡀ⮬❧ࡋࠊ௚ࡢ≉Ṧࡸᬑ㐢
࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ྰᐃⓗ࡟㛵ಀࡍࡿࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ≉Ṧ࡟⮬ᕫ
ࢆᐃ❧ࡋࡘࡘࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ≉Ṧ࡜ྰᐃⓗ࡟㛵ಀࡋࠊ
ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ≉Ṧࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚⮬ᕫ࡜ྰᐃⓗ࡟㛵ಀࡍࡿᬑ
㐢ࠊࡑࢀࡀලయⓗᬑ㐢࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑ࠺⪃࠼ࡿ࡜ࠊᓥ
ᓮ㝯Ặࡢ⪃࠼ࡿࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡣࠊලయⓗᬑ㐢࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ
ࡴࡋࢁࢫࣆࣀࢨࡢࠕᐇయࠖࡸᙧᘧㄽ⌮Ꮫࡢᢳ㇟ⓗ
ᬑ㐢࡟㏆࠸ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊᓥᓮẶࡣࠊ
ࠕಶูࠖࡶࠊ
ࠕ≉Ṧ໬ࡋࡓᬑ㐢ࠖࠊ
࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊ
ࠕᬑ㐢࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ྰᐃⓗ࡟㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿㅖ
≉Ṧࠖ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ
ࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡀ⮬ᕫࢆࠕ≉
Ṧ໬ࠖࡋࠊࡑࡢࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡀࡉࡽ࡟⮬ᕫࢆつᐃࡋࡓ
ࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࠕᙧᘧㄽ⌮ࡢ
ࠗᢳ㇟ⓗᬑ㐢࠘࡜␗࡞ࡿࠗලయⓗᬑ㐢࠘࡜ࡣ࠸࠺
ࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃࠊᬑ㐢ᛶࡀࡳࡎ࠿ࡽ≉Ṧ໬ࡋࠊಶู࡬
࠸ࡓࡾࠊࡑࡢಶู࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝᬑ㐢ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡢ୺యᛶ
ࡀ☜❧ࡉࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢᘚドἲࡢୡ⏺ㄆ
㆑ࡢ᰾ᚰࢆ⾲⌧ࡍࡿᴫᛕ࡜࠸࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋ
ࠖ(ྠ p.126)
ࡇࢀࡶ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢࠕලయⓗᬑ㐢ࠖࡢつᐃ࠿ࡽᙧᘧ
ㄽ⌮Ꮫࡢࠕᢳ㇟ⓗᬑ㐢ࠖࡢ࡯࠺࡟ࡎࢀ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓ
ゎ㔘࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢᬑ㐢࡜≉Ṧࡣࠊ࡝ࡇࡲ࡛
ࡶ୺య࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢಶูࡢዎᶵ࡛࠶ࡾࠊಶูࡣࡲࡓࠊ
ᬑ㐢࡜≉Ṧࡢ᰿ᣐ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ(๓ᥖࡢᅗࢆཧ↷)
㸦ト 8㸧ලయⓗᬑ㐢࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㕥ᮌẶࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡶ
ㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࠕ࣭࣭࣭ᴫᛕࡣࠊࡶࡢࡢ⌧Ꮡᅾ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᮍᒎ㛤ࡢࠊ
ࡲࡔ༑ศ࡟ࡣㄝ᫂ࡋ࠼࡞࠸ᴫᛕ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ
ࠗࡑࢀ⮬
㌟࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊ⮬ศࡢ཯ᑐ⪅ࢆࡘࡽࡠ࠸࡚⮬
ศࢆ⥔ᣢࡋࠊࡑࡢ཯ᑐ⪅࡜ࡢ⤫୍࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࡌࡵ࡚
ᬑ㐢࡛࠶ࡿ࠘ࡼ࠺࡞ᴫᛕ࡛ࡍࠋ
ࠗ⮬ศࡢ཯ᑐ⪅࠘࡜
ࡣࡑࡢࡶࡢࡢᐃ᭷ࠊᛶ≧ࠊ≉Ṧࠊ⌧Ꮡᅾ࡞࡝ࢆࡉ
ࡋࡲࡍࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣᬑ㐢ࡣࠊ⮬ศࡢ୰࠿ࡽ≉Ṧ࡞ㅖ
つᐃࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ⌧Ꮡᅾࡢ඲యࠊࡑࡢ඲ഃ㠃ࡸ඲㐣
⛬ࢆᒎ㛤ࡋ࠺ࡿࡶࡢ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ࣮ࠖ࣊
ࢤࣝㄽ⌮Ꮫ◊✲఍⦅ࠕ࣮࣊ࢤࣝ኱ㄽ⌮Ꮫ ᴫᛕㄽ
ࡢ◊✲ࠖS90 ኱᭶᭩ᗑ 1991
⚾ࡣࠊ㕥ᮌẶࡢࠕලయⓗᬑ㐢ࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㄝ᫂ࡀ
௒ࡢ࡜ࡇࢁࡶࡗ࡜ࡶṇ㭀ࢆᑕ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋࡑ
ࢀࡣࠊࡓࡔᩥ⊩ゎ㔘ⓗ࡟ṇࡋ࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡔࡅ࡛
ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᙼ⮬㌟ࡀࠊ⤒῭Ꮫࡸ⮬↛⛉Ꮫࡢ▱㆑࡟㏻
ࡌ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࢀ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࠕලయⓗᬑ㐢ࠖࢆ⌮ゎ
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ࡟ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ
ࠕ≉Ṧࠖ࡜ࡢ㛵
ಀࢆṇ☜࡟⌮ゎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡶࠊᙼࡢࠕලయⓗ
ᬑ㐢ࠖࡢ⌮ゎࡢࠕṇ☜ࡉࠖࢆᨭ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶
ࡿࠋ
㸦ト 9㸧㔞ᏊຊᏛࡢ◊✲࡟ᖖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡲࢃࡿၥ㢟ࡢࡦ࡜
ࡘ࡟ࠊ
ࠕ࢜ࣈࢨ࣮ࣂࣈࣝࠖ
ࠊ
ࠕస⏝⣲ࠖ
ࠊ
ࠕ≧ែ࣋ࢡࢺ
ࣝࠖࢆᘔࡿ୺ほⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡜ᐈほⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡢ㛵ಀ࡟
㛵ࡍࡿၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ⚾ࡣࠊ
ࠕᐈほࡢస⏝ࡣ୺ほࡢෆ
㒊᮲௳࡟ࡼࡾኚᙧࡉࢀ࡚཯ᫎࡍࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ほⅬ࠿
ࡽࠊ≀⌮Ꮫ⪅ࡢ⏫⏣ⱱẶࡢ⪃࠼࡟㈶ྠࡍࡿࠋ⏫⏣
Ặࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࠕ࣭࣭࣭࣭⾲㇟ࡢẁ㝵࡛ࡢᢕᥱ࡜ᮏ㉁ࡢẁ㝵࡛ࡢ
ᢕᥱࡣࠊ㔞Ꮚㄽࡢࡤ࠶࠸ࠊྂ඾≀⌮Ꮫࡼࡾࡶࡉࡽ
࡟㝿❧ࡗࡓ㐪࠸࡜ࡋ࡚࠶ࡽࢃࢀࠊ≀㉁ࡢᇶᮏⓗつ
ᐃ࡛࠶ࡿᑐ㇟ⓗᏑᅾɆɆ⮬ศࡢస⏝ࡢᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡿ
௚ࡢࡶࡢࢆࡶࡕࠊࡇࡢ௚ࡢࡶࡢ࡜୍ᐃࡢ┦஫㛵ಀ
ࢆࡶࡕࠊ┦஫࡟స⏝ࡋ࠶࠺ࡶࡢɆɆ࡜࠸࠺つᐃࡣࠊ
⾲㇟ẁ㝵ࡢᢕᥱ࡛ࡣࡲࡗࡓࡃ୙᫂☜࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊᮏ
㉁ⓗẁ㝵ࡢᢕᥱ࡛ࡣࡁࢃࡵ࡚᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࠶ࡽࢃࢀࡿ
ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ
㸦⏫⏣ⱱ ”ㄆ㆑࡟᪊ࡅࡿ୺ほⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡜
ᐈほⓗ࡞ࡶࡢɆɆ㔞ᏊຊᏛࢆࡵࡄࡗ࡚ɆɆ” ၏≀ㄽ
◊✲ ➨㸰ྕ ộᩥ♫ 1980 p.189㸧
ࠕ࣮࣎࢔ࠊࣁ࢖ࢮࣥ࣋ࣝࢡࠊ࢘࢕ࢢࢼ࣮ࠊࢹࢫࣃ
ࢽࣕࡓࡕࡢㄗࡾࡣࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀከᑡࡢ㐪࠸ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ
ᙼࡽࡀ㔞ᏊຊᏛ࡟ࡼࡿᚤどⓗ㡿ᇦࡢㄆ㆑ࡢෆᐜ࡟
୺ほⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࢆㄆࡵࡓࡇ࡜࡟࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᙼ
ࡽࡀ୺ほⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࢆ⤯ᑐ໬ࡋ࡚ࠊ㔞ᏊຊᏛࡢㄆ㆑
࡟ᐈほⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࢆぢࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡎࠊࡑࡢࡇ࡜࡟
ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᐈほⓗ࡞ᐇᅾࡢ⛉Ꮫ࡟ࡼࡿព㆑࡬ࡢ཯ᫎ
ࢆᣄྰࡋࡓࡇ࡜࡟࠶ࡿࠋ
ࠖ
㸦ྠ p.192㸧
ࠕㄆ㆑ෆᐜ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ୺ほⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡢᏑᅾࡀ㑊ࡅ
ࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡣㄆ㆑ࡢᮏ㉁ࡀࡃࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ
ࠗ୺ほⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࠘࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠗㄗࡲࡾ࠘࡜࠸࠺ࡇ
࡜࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ୺ほⓗዎᶵ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ㸦ྠ
p.192㸧
ࡇࢀࡣࠊㄆ㆑࡜࠸࠺స⏝ࡣࠊ୺ほ࡟ࡼࡿᑐ㇟ࡢ཯
࡛ᫎ࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡑࢀࡣᚲࡎ୺ほࡢෆ㒊᮲௳࡟ࡼࡿᒅ
ᢡࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ᑠᏛ⏕ࡀᑐ㇟࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ㔞ᏊຊᏛࡑࡢࡶࡢࢆᏛ
ࡪࡢ࡛ࡣࡶࡕࢁࢇ࡞࠸ࡀࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⌧㇟࡜ᮏ㉁࡟
᪊ࡅࡿ୺ほⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡟ࡼࡿᐈほⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡢኚᙧࡣࠊ
Ᏹᐂࡢ᥈✲࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ♫఍ⓗ࡞஦᯶ࡢ᥈✲࡟࠾
࠸࡚ࡶぢࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡴࡋࢁࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓస
⏝ࢆకࢃ࡞࠸ㄆ㆑ࡔ࡜ࡋࡓࡽࠊࡑࢀࡣࠕㄪ࡭Ꮫ⩦ࠖ
࡟ࡍࡂࡎࠊ
ࠕ᥈✲ࠖ࡜ࡣ࠸࠼࡞࠸ࠋ㏫࡟ࠊ࠺ࡲࡃ࠸
ࡗࡓ᥈✲ࡣࠊ୰Ꮫ⏕ࡸ㧗ᰯ⏕࡟࡞ࡗࡓ᫬࡟ࠊ㧗ᗘ
࡞≀⌮ⓗ࡞▱㆑ࡸࠊᚤศ࣭✚ศ࡞࡝ࡢ㧗➼ᩘᏛࢆ
Ꮫࡪຊࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
㸦ト 10㸧ࡇ࠺㏙࡭ࡿ࡜ࠊࢪ࣭ࣙࣥࢹ࣮ࣗ࢖ࡢࠕㄽ⌮Ꮫࠖ
(ࢹ࣮ࣗ࢖ࡣࡇࢀࢆࠕ᥈✲ࡢ⌮ㄽࠖ࡜ࡶゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ)
ࡢ⪃࠼᪉࡛ࡶ࠸࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺ពぢࡶฟࡿ
ࡔࢁ࠺࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋࢹ࣮ࣗ࢖ࡢ⪃࠼ࡿࠕၥ㢟ゎỴࠖ
ࡢ㐣⛬ࡣࠊձࠕ୙☜ᐃ࡞≧ἣ࡟ᑐࡍࡿၥ㢟タᐃࠖࠊ
ղࠕ௬ㄝᙧᡂࠖࠊճࠕ᥎ㄽࠖࠊմࠕᐇ㦂ࠖ
ࠊյࠕ☜ᐃ
ࡋࡓ≧ἣ࡬ࡢゎỴࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆࡓ࡝ࡾࠊ
ࠕಖ
㞀ࡘࡁࡢゝ᫂ࠖ࡟࠸ࡁࡘࡃࠋࡇࡢ࠿ࡂࡾ࡛ࡣࠊᶵ
҅஭ΰᢹ≝⇾∞⇘∑↝ᛯྸ‫↝ܖ‬Йૺᛯ↚૿ↀ↺ⅤཎഷⅥ↝ࢫл
Ეⓗ࡞Ỵᐃㄽࡢ㝈⏺ࢆ஌ࡾ㉺࠼ࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ
࠿ࡋࠊࠕゎỴࠖ࡜ࡣࠊࠕ⎔ቃ࡬ࡢ㐺ᛂ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠊᛮ
⪃άືࡣࠕ㐺ᛂࡢࡓࡵࡢ㐨ලࠖ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
ࡓࡵࠊㄆ㆑ࡀ⌧㇟ࡢ⫼ᚋ࡟㞃ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠕᐇయࠖࡸ
ࠕᮏ㉁ࠖ࡟ཬࡪᚲせࡣ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡀࠊ
ࢹ࣮ࣗ࢖ࡢㄆ㆑ㄽࡢࠊࡦ࠸࡚ࡣࣉࣛࢢ࣐ࢸ࢕ࢬ࣒
ࡢㄆ㆑ㄽࡢၥ㢟Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
⚾ࡣࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢㄽ⌮Ꮫࡢุ᩿ㄽࢆㄆ㆑ㄽⓗ࡟ㄞ
ࡳ࡞࠾ࡍࡓࡵࡢ❧⬮Ⅼࢆࠊࢭࣝࢤ࢖࣭ࣞ࢜ࢽࢻࣦ
࢕ࢳ࣭ࣝࣅࣥࢩࣗࢸ࢖ࣥࡢḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞⪃࠼࡟⨨࠸
࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࠕ⬻ࡢάື࡟ࡣ཯ᑕⓗᛶ㉁ࡀ࠶ࡿᨾ࡟ࠊ⬻ࡢάື
࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⏕ࡳฟࡉࢀࡓᚰ⌮⌧㇟ࡣࠊྠ᫬࡟ୡ⏺ࡢ
཯࡛ᫎ࠶ࡿࠋᚰ⌮άືࡢ཯ᑕ⌮ㄽࡣࠊᚰ⌮⌧㇟࡞
ࡿࡶࡢࡣࠊࡑࢀ⮬㌟ࡢ㉳※࠿ࡽࡋ࡚ࠊ⬻ࡢάືࡢ
⏘≀࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺࿨㢟࡜ࠊࡑࢀࡽࡣᐈほⓗᐇᅾࡢ
཯࡛ᫎ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡍࡿࠊࡶ࠺ࡦ࡜ࡘࡢ࿨㢟࡜ࡢ㛫ࡢ⤖
ྜ࿨㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࠖ(ࢭࣝࢤ࢖࣭ࣞ࢜ࢽࢻࣦ࢕ࢳ࣭ࣝࣅ
ࣥࢩࣗࢸ࢖ࣥ ࠕᚰ⌮Ꮫ ୖࠖෆ⸨⪔ḟ㑻࣭ᮌᮧ
ṇ୍ヂ 㟷ᮌ᭩ᗑ 1961)
⚾ࡣࠊࢪ࣭ࣙࣥࢹ࣮ࣗ࢖ࡢ⪃࠼᪉࡟ᚑ࠺࡜ࠊࠕ᥈
✲ࠖࢆྵࡵࡓᚰ⌮⌧㇟ࡣࠊࢹ࣮ࣗ࢖⮬㌟ࡀㄆࡵ࡚
࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠕ⤒㦂ࠖࡢእ࡟ฟࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡜⪃
࠼ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᙼ⮬㌟ࠊ⤒㦂⮬యࢆ၏୍ࡢᐇᅾ࡜⪃
࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊࡑࡢ※Ἠ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᐈほⓗᐇᅾࢆㄆ
ࡵ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊᙼࡣࠊ
ࠕ᥈✲ࠖࢆࡩࡃࡵࡓᚰ⌮⌧㇟ࡣ
⬻ࡢάືࡢ⏘≀࡟㐣ࡂࡎࠊᐈほⓗᐇᅾࡢ཯ᫎ࡜࠸
࠺ᛶ㉁ࡣᣢࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊࢹ࣮ࣗ࢖ࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ༢
⣧࡞཯ᫎㄽࡸỴᐃㄽࢆ㉺࠼ࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿
ࡋࠊࠕἲ๎ࠖࠕᮏ㉁ࠖࠕᐇయࠖࠕᵓ㐀ࠖ➼ࡣ༢࡟⬻ࡢ
άື࡛࠶ࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᐈほⓗᐇᅾࡢࠕ୰ࠖ࡟
࠶ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࢆᤊ࠼ࡿࡢࡀࠊ
ࠕศ
ᯒࠖࡸࠕ⥲ྜࠖ࡞࡝ࡢ୺యࡢస⏝࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀࢆ
ࠕ⌮ㄽࠖ࡟ࡲ࡛㧗ࡵࡿࡢࡀࠊ᪤Ꮡࡢ▱㆑య⣔࡛࠶
ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࡲࡓࠊ
ࠕၥ㢟ࠖࢆࠕၥ㢟ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ㄆ㆑ࡍ
ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࡢࡶࠊᐇ㊶ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ୺య(ே㛫)
ࡢ୰࡟ᵓ㐀໬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ▱㆑య⣔࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⚾ࡣ⪃
࠼ࡿࠋ
ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩࣭ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩
International BaccalaureateࠕMaking the PYP
happenࠖ 2009
G.W.F.࣮࣊ࢤࣝࠕᑠㄽ⌮Ꮫ(ୗᕳ)ࠖᯇᮧ୍ேヂ ᒾἼ
ᩥᗜ, 1972
G.W.F.࣮࣊ࢤࣝࠕ኱ㄽ⌮Ꮫࠖୗᕳ ṊᕷṊேヂ ᒾἼ
᭩ᗑ, 1969
㕥ᮌⱱࠕ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢุ᩿ㄽࠖᩥ⌮㛶 1989
ᑎἑᜏಙࠕᘚドἲⓗㄽ⌮Ꮫヨㄽࠖ኱᭶᭩ᗑ 1957
㕥ᮌⱱࠕ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢุ᩿ㄽ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠖ 1975㹼1978
ᯇᒣၟ኱ㄽ㞟ࠓึฟࠔ
ࠕ㕥ᮌⱱㄽᩥ㞟 3ࠖ ᩥ⌮
㛶, 1989
࣮࣊ࢤࣝㄽ⌮Ꮫ◊✲఍⦅ࠕ࣮࣊ࢤࣝ኱ㄽ⌮Ꮫ ᴫᛕㄽ
ࡢ◊✲ࠖ኱᭶᭩ᗑ 1991
㏿ᕝ἞㑻ࠕ⛉Ꮫ⌮ㄽ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࣮࣊ࢤࣝ኱ㄽ⌮Ꮫᢈุࠖ
㟷ᒣ♫ 1996
ࢭࣝࢤ࢖࣭ࣝࣅࣥࢩࣗࢸ࢖ࣥ ࠕᚰ⌮Ꮫ ୖࠖ ෆ⸨
⪔ḟ㑻࣭ᮌᮧṇ୍ヂ 㟷ᮌ᭩ᗑ 1972
㧗ᆏṇ㢧 ࠕすὒဴᏛྐࠖ๰ᩥ♫ 1985
73
74
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
⃯The role of "particular" in “The judgement theory” of
“Logic” of Hegel
ʊAs preparations to systematize “concepts” used in the PYP of International
Baccalaureate, I will understand “the judgement theory” by focusing on the
role of "Particular”.
Katsurou Kitamura≍1
⁅⁠⁡⁢⁥⁛⁥‒ International Baccalaureate “Primary years programme” is "Concept-Based" curriculum. Since
its paraphernalia is solid, "Concept - based" curriculum of International Baccalaureate is very
much better than the method of learning other constructivism. Among them, “Concepts based
learning” is especially important. However, in "The eight concepts" to be used for it, the relationship between them is not defined. So, I want to put the role, limits and relationship of the
concepts of “Primary years programme” in the process of deepening of recognition. Therefore,
in order to clarify the relationship between various concepts, in particular, the position, the role
and limitations of each concept, I reread “the judgement theory" in “The logic” of Hegel to
epistemological. And, as the preparatory work, I want to try the epistemological overview of
“The judgement theory” of Hegel. To do so, I must understand “The judgement theory” by focusing on the role of “particular”.
ääääääääääääääääääääKey
words‒……………………………………………………
International Baccalaureate, Concept-based-learning, The process of deepening of recognition,
Concrete universal, Particular
Ფ1 Kaichi-Nozomi elementary school
KAICHI INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Bulletin No.15
75
஌ᢿɟ௑≝‫׎‬ᛖᅹ૙Ꮛඥ‒ ⃬ܱោႎਦ‫ݰ‬щ↝Ꮛ঺↚Ӽↀ↕⃬‒
ᄂᆮ⇴∞⇮
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌
‫׎‬ᛖᅹ૙Ꮛඥ‒
⃬ܱោႎਦ‫ݰ‬щ↝Ꮛ঺↚Ӽↀ↕⃬‒
஌ᢿ‒ ɟ௑≍‣‒
Иሁ∝ɶሁ૙Ճ↝̅ԡ↞⅚‫←↎↱↘܇‬ⅻ⅚ဃ෨↚↾↎→↕ᐯЎ↝Ꮱщ↗ӧᏡࣱ⇁இ‫ٻ‬ᨂ↚᭗↰⅚
ↄ↭ↅ↭↙ʴ↎←↗ңᛦ∝ң΁ↆ↙ⅻ↸⅚ᐯࠁܱྵ↗ᅈ˟ᝡྂ⇁‫↺׋‬ↂ↗ⅻ↖ⅼ↺↷ⅵ↚⅚‫↱↘܇‬
↎←ⅻ⅚ᐯ↸ᛢ᫆⇁ႆᙸↆ⅚↌↻⇁ᚐൿ↖ⅼ↺↷ⅵ‫ݰ‬ⅾↂ↗↖ⅱ↼ⅵ⅛ↂ↝↷ⅵ↚⅚‫⇁↱↘܇‬ႆᢋ
െ᨞↚ұↆ↎૾ඥ↖ਦ‫↖ݰ‬ⅼ↺⅚ܱោႎਦ‫ݰ‬щ⇁ஊↈ↺૙Ճↂ↌ʻ൭↰↸↻↕ⅳ↺ʴ஬↖ⅱ↺⅛‒
‒ ↆⅺↆ⅚ܱោႎਦ‫ݰ‬щ↞⅚૙Ճ࣓ஓ↝‫ܖ‬ဃⅻ⅚‫ݩ‬ஹ૙Ꮛྵ‫⇁⇈∐∉⇓↖ئ‬᣻↜↺↚ˤ→↕ᐯ໱↗
៲↚↓ↀ↸↻↺↪↘ܾତ↙↱↝↖↞↙ⅳ⅛↌↝ؕᄽ↞‫↖᧓࠰≗↝ܖٻ‬Ꮛ঺ↄ↻↺↨ⅼ↖ⅱ↼ⅵ⅛ஜ
‫⅚↞↖ܖ‬૙Ꮀ↚᧙ↈ↺ᅹႸ↗૙ᅹ↚᧙ↈ↺ᅹႸ↝ᣐ࢘࠰ഏ⇁⅚≗࠰᧓⇁≘↓↝஖↚Ўↀ↕ನ঺ↈ↺
ↂ↗↖⅚
Ⅴܱោႎਦ‫ݰ‬щⅥⅻ៲↚↓ⅾ↷ⅵ↚߻‫↕ↆپ‬ⅳ↺⅛↌ↂ↖ஜᆜ↖↞⅚≘஖↚Ўↀ↎૙Ꮛᛢᆉ
ዻ঺↝↜↸ⅳ↗ϋܾ⇁౨᚛ↈ↺ↂ↗↚↷↹⅚ཎ↚ᇿᎍⅻਃ࢘ↈ↺Ⅴ‫׎‬ᛖᅹ૙ᏋඥⅥ↚ⅹⅳ↕⅚ܱោ
ႎਦ‫ݰ‬щ⇁៲↚↓ↀ↺↎↰↚‫ݰ‬λↆ↕ⅳ↺೉લ੉ಅ↝᣻ᙲࣱ↚↓ⅳ↕ᎋ‫↕ↆݑ‬ⅳⅾ⅛‒
ↄ↸↚⅚ↂ↝ࡇИሁ∝ɶሁ૙Ꮛ↚ⅹⅳ↕↱‫ݰ‬λⅻ੩కↄ↻↎⅚‫↱↘܇‬ⅻᛢ᫆↚‫↕ↆݣ‬ɼ˳ႎ↚‫ܖ‬
↥Ⅴ⇈⇕⇬⇉⇼∝∏∞⇱∙⇖Ⅵ↝ӕኵ↮↚↓ⅳ↕↱ᚕӏↈ↺⅛‒
äääääääääääääääääääää ⇓∞∕∞⇯ ääääääääääääääääääää
ܱោႎਦ‫ݰ‬щ‒ ૙Ꮀ↚᧙ↈ↺ᅹႸ‒ ‒ ‫׎‬ᛖᅹ૙Ꮛඥ‒ ೉લ੉ಅ‒ ⇈⇕⇬⇉⇼∝∏∞⇱∙⇖‒
㸯㸬ᩍ⫱ࡢ┠ⓗ࡜ᩍဨࡢ౑࿨
2006㸦ᖹᡂ 18㸧ᖺ 12 ᭶ 22 ᪥࡟බᕸ࣭᪋⾜
ࡉࢀࡓࠊᨵṇᩍ⫱ᇶᮏἲ➨ 1 ❶ࠕᩍ⫱ࡢ┠ⓗཬࡧ
⌮ᛕࠖ
㸦ᩍ⫱ࡢ┠ⓗ㸧➨ 1 ᮲࡟ࠕᩍ⫱ࡣࠊே᱁ࡢ
᏶ᡂࢆ┠ᣦࡋࠊᖹ࿴࡛Ẹ୺ⓗ࡞ᅜᐙཬࡧ♫఍ࡢᙧ
ᡂ⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ᚲせ࡞㈨㉁ࢆഛ࠼ࡓᚰ㌟࡜ࡶ࡟೺ᗣ
࡞ᅜẸࡢ⫱ᡂࢆᮇࡋ࡚⾜࡞ࢃࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞
࠸ࠋࠖ࡜࠶ࡾࠊ
ࠕே᱁ࡢ᏶ᡂࠖࢆᩍ⫱ࡢ᭱⤊ⓗ࡞┠
ⓗ࡜ᐃࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࠕே᱁ࡢ᏶ᡂࠖࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᆏ
⏣௮Ặࡣࠕ୍ேࡦ࡜ࡾࡢே㛫ࡀᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ⬟ຊࢆ
2015 ࠰ 9 உ 23 ଐӖྸ
Japanese Language and Literature Teaching Methodology
*1 Kazue Hattori
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖ⇪∞⇈∑∏⇿∐ ‒ܖٻ‬ᢿ
᭱኱㝈ࠊㄪ࿴ⓗ࡟Ⓨᒎࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࢆព࿡ࡍࡿࠋᩍ
⫱୍⯡ࡢᬑ㐢ⓗ⌮ᛕ࡜ࡋ࡚ཷᐜࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⪃࠼
᪉࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ࡜㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(1)ࠋẶࡢ௮ࡏࡢ㏻
ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡇࡢ᪂ᩍ⫱ᇶᮏἲ (2) ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࠊ2009㸦ᖹᡂ
21㸧ᖺࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸Ꮫ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ࡀබ♧ࡉࢀࠊᑠᏛᰯ
࡛ࡣ 2011㸦ᖹᡂ 23㸧ᖺᗘ࠿ࡽࠊ୰Ꮫᰯ࡛ࡣ 2012
㸦ᖹᡂ 24㸧ᖺᗘ࠿ࡽࠊ㧗➼Ꮫᰯ࡛ࡣ 2013㸦ᖹᡂ
25㸧ᖺᗘ࠿ࡽ඲㠃ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ࡣࠊ
Ꮫ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ࡣኚࢃࡗ࡚ࡶᩍ⫱⌮ᛕ࡜ࡋ࡚㹙⏕ࡁ
ࡿຊ㹛ࡣኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࡣࠊ1996㸦ᖹᡂ 8㸧ᖺ 7 ᭶ 19 ᪥
ࡢ୰ኸᩍ⫱ᑂ㆟఍㸦୰ᩍᑂ㸧⟅⏦ࠕ21 ୡ⣖ࢆᒎ
76
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
ᮃࡋࡓࢃࡀᅜࡢᩍ⫱ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠖ➨ 1 㒊
ࡵࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇࢀࢆಶᛶࢆ⏕࠿ࡍᩍ⫱ࡢ୰࡛
ࠕ௒ᚋ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᩍ⫱ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࠖ(3㸧ࠕ௒ᚋ࡟࠾ࡅ
ࡣࡄࡃࡴࡇ࡜ࡀ⫢せ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢᩥ
ࡿᩍ⫱ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࡢᇶᮏⓗ࡞᪉ྥ࡛ࠖึࡵ࡚ᥦゝࡉ
ゝࡣࠊ1996㸦ᖹᡂ 8㸧ᖺࡢ୰ᩍᑂ⟅⏦࡛㏙࡭ࡽࢀ
ࢀࡓࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊ௒ᚋࡣࠊࠕ㇏࠿࡞ே㛫ᛶ࡞࡝᫬௦
ࡓ㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࡢ 1 ␒┠ࡢせ⣲ࠕ⮬ศ࡛ㄢ㢟ࢆぢ
ࢆ㉸࠼࡚ኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸౯್ࡢ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࢆ኱ษ࡟ࡍ
ࡘࡅࠊ⮬ࡽᏛࡧࠊ⮬ࡽ⪃࠼ࠊ୺యⓗ࡟ุ᩿ࡋࠊ⾜
ࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊ♫఍ࡢኚ໬࡟ⓗ☜࠿ࡘ㎿㏿࡟ᑐᛂࡍ
ືࡋࠊࡼࡾࡼࡃၥ㢟ࢆゎỴࡍࡿࠖ࡟ࠊ᪂ࡓ࡟ࠕ▱
ࡿᩍ⫱ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖࡇ࡜࡜ࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࠕᏊ࡝ࡶ
㆑࣭ᢏ⬟ࠊᏛࡪពḧࠖࢆࡘࡅຍ࠼ࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡓࡕࡀࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀᑗ᮶ࠊ⮬ᕫᐇ⌧ࢆᅗࡾ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ
ࡇࢀࢆࠕ☜࠿࡞Ꮫຊࠖ࡜࿧ࡧ㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࡢ୍␒
ኚ໬ࡢ⃭ࡋ࠸ࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࡢ♫఍ࢆ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡃࡓࡵ
ࡢ᰾࡟ᤣ࠼ࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࡟ᚲせ࡞㈨㉁ࡸ⬟ຊࢆ㌟࡟ࡘࡅ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜
ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ2008㸦ᖹᡂ 20㸧ᖺ 1 ᭶ 17 ᪥ࡢ୰ᩍᑂ
せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼ࡢୖ࡟㏙࡭ࡽࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛
⟅⏦㸦ࠕᗂ⛶ᅬࠊᑠᏛᰯࠊ୰Ꮫᰯࠊ㧗➼Ꮫᰯཬࡧ
࠶ࡿࠋ
≉ูᨭ᥼ᏛᰯࡢᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿➼ࡢᨵၿ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠖ
⟅⏦ࡢᩥゝࢆᩚ⌮ࡋ࡚ࡳࡿ࡜ࠊኚ໬ࡢ⃭ࡋ࠸♫
5㸬
ࠕᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ᨵゞࡢᇶᮏⓗ࡞⪃࠼᪉ࠖ㸧࡛ࡣࠊ
఍ࢆᢸ࠺Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡓࡕ࡟ᚲせ࡞㈨㉁࣭⬟ຊ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ
௒ࡢ᪥ᮏࡢᏊ࡝ࡶࡣࠊᏛຊࡢၥ㢟ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ
㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࡣࠊḟࡢ 3 ࡘࡢせ⣲࡛࠶ࡿ࡜㏙࡭ࡽ
ࠕ㇏࠿࡞ᚰࠖࠕ೺ࡸ࠿࡞యࠖࡢ⫱ᡂ࡟ࡶ┠ࢆྥࡅ
ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢࡀᐇ᝟࡛࠶ࡿ࡜෌ᐃ⩏ࡋ࡚
ձࠕၥ㢟ゎỴ⬟ຊࠖ
㸸 ⮬ศ࡛ㄢ㢟ࢆぢࡘࡅࠊ⮬ࡽ
࠸ࡿࠋ1996㸦ᖹᡂ 8㸧ᖺ࡟ᩍ⫱⌮ᛕ࡜ࡋ࡚ᥖࡆࡽ
Ꮫࡧࠊ⮬ࡽ⪃࠼ࠊ୺యⓗ࡟ุ᩿ࡋࠊ⾜ືࡋࠊࡼ
ࢀࡓ㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࡣࠊᮏ᮶ࡣ 3 ࡘࡢせ⣲ࡀࣂࣛࣥ
ࡾࡼࡃၥ㢟ࢆゎỴࡍࡿ⬟ຊ
ࢫࡼࡃ⫱ࡲࢀࡿ࡭ࡁࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊ♫఍ࡢኚ໬
ղࠕ㇏࠿࡞ே㛫ᛶࠖ㸸⮬ࡽࢆᚊࡋࡘࡘࠊ௚ே࡜࡜
࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿᙧ࡛ࠊ㔜せどࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢࡀࠕ㇏࠿࡞ே
ࡶ࡟༠ㄪࡋࠊ௚ேࢆᛮ࠸ࡸࡿᚰࡸឤືࡍࡿᚰ
㛫ᛶࠖ࠿ࡽࠕ☜࠿࡞Ꮫຊࠖ࡬࡜ኚᐜࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ୰
ճࠕ೺ࡸ࠿࡞యࠖ㸸ࡓࡃࡲࡋࡃ⏕ࡁࡿࡓࡵࡢ೺ᗣ
ᩍᑂ⟅⏦ࡀ㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡓࣂࣛࣥࢫ࡜࠸࠺㒊ศࡀ⨨
ࡸయຊ
ࡁཤࡾ࡟ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ2008㸦ᖹᡂ 20㸧
ࡇࡢ㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࡣࠊࡑࡢᚋࡢ᫬௦࡜♫఍ࡢኚ
ᖺ࡟ࡁ࡚ࡼ࠺ࡸࡃࠊ
ࠕ☜࠿࡞Ꮫຊࠖ
ࠕ㇏࠿࡞ே㛫ᛶࠖ
໬࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿᙧ࡛ኚᐜࢆ㐙ࡆ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ1998㸦ᖹᡂ
ࠕ೺ࡸ࠿࡞యࠖࡢ 3 ࡘࡀࠊ
ࠕ୕఩୍యⓗ⫱ࡕࢆᅗ
10㸧ᖺ 6 ᭶ 30 ᪥ࡢ୰ᩍᑂ⟅⏦㸦
ࠕ᪂ࡋ࠸᫬௦ࢆ
ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃ(3)ࠖࡇ࡜ࡀ኱ษࡔ࡜࠸࠺᪉㔪ࡀ᫂☜࡟♧
ᣅࡃᚰࢆ⫱࡚ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠖ̿ḟୡ௦ࢆ⫱࡚ࡿᚰࢆኻ
ࡉࢀࠊ㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࡢ⌮ᛕࡀࠊᩍ⫱࡜࠸࠺Ⴀࡳࡀ
࠺༴ᶵ̿ࠕᗂඣᮇ࠿ࡽࡢᚰࡢᩍ⫱ࡢᅾࡾ᪉࡟ࡘ࠸
┠ᣦࡍࠕே᱁ࡢ᏶ᡂࠖ࡟ࡩࡉࢃࡋ࠸ෆᐜ࡟ᐃ⩏࡙
࡚ࠖ㸧࡛ࡣࠊࠕ㇏࠿࡞ே㛫ᛶࠖࢆ⫱ࡴࡓࡵ࡟ࠊࠕࡺ
ࡅࡽࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௨ᚋࠊ⌮ᛕࡢᐇ⌧࡟ྥࡅ࡚ྛ
࡜ࡾࠖࡢ୰࡛ࠕᚰࡢᩍ⫱ࠖࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ㔜せᛶࡀ
ᩍ⛉࡛ᵝࠎ࡞ྲྀ⤌ࡀ㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࢁ
ㄝ࠿ࢀࡓࠋࡲࡶ࡞ࡃᏛຊࡸᏛࡪពḧࡢపୗ࡞࡝ࡀ
࠺(4)ࠋ
ᠱᛕࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ࠊ2003㸦ᖹᡂ 15㸧ᖺ࡟
ᩍ⫱࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ࡝ࢇ࡞࡟♫఍ࡀኚ໬ࡋࡼ࠺࡜
ࡣࠊࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࡢᏛᰯᩍ⫱ࡢ┠ᣦࡍ࡭ࡁⅬࡣࠊࠕ☜
ࡶࠊࠕ᫬௦ࢆ㉸࠼࡚ኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸౯್ࡢ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࠖ
࠿࡞Ꮫຊࠖࢆᇶ┙࡟㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜
ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊ㇏࠿࡞ே㛫ᛶࠊṇ⩏ឤࡸබṇࡉ
࡛࠶ࡿࠊ࡜Ꮫຊࡢ㔜せᛶࢆ๓㠃࡟ᡴࡕฟࡍ᪉㔪ࡀ
ࢆ㔜ࢇࡌࡿᚰࠊ⮬ࡽࢆᚊࡋࡘࡘ௚ே࡜༠ㄪࡋࠊ௚
♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ⟅⏦ࡣࠕ☜࠿࡞Ꮫຊࠖ࡜ࡣࠕ▱㆑ࡸᢏ
ேࢆᛮ࠸ࡸࡿᚰࠊேᶒࢆᑛ㔜ࡍࡿᚰࠊ⮬↛ࢆឡࡍ
⬟ࡣࡶࡕࢁࢇࡢࡇ࡜ࠊࡇࢀ࡟ຍ࠼࡚ࠊᏛࡪពḧࡸࠊ
ࡿᚰ࡞࡝࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡇࢀࡽࢆࡋࡗ࠿ࡾ࡜㌟࡟ࡘࡅ
⮬ศ࡛ㄢ㢟ࢆぢࡘࡅࠊ⮬ࡽᏛࡧࠊ୺యⓗ࡟ุ᩿ࡋࠊ
ࡓ࠺࠼࡛ࠊኚ໬ࡢ⃭ࡋ࠸♫఍࡟ᰂ㌾࡟ᑐᛂ࡛ࡁࡿ
ࡼࡾࡼࡃၥ㢟ࢆゎỴࡍࡿ㈨㉁ࡸ⬟ຊ➼ࡲ࡛ࢆྵ
㈨㉁ࡸ⬟ຊࠊ⮬ศ࡛ㄢ㢟ࢆぢࡘࡅࠊ⮬ࡽᏛࡧࠊ⮬
77
஌ᢿɟ௑≝‫׎‬ᛖᅹ૙Ꮛඥ‒ ⃬ܱោႎਦ‫ݰ‬щ↝Ꮛ঺↚Ӽↀ↕⃬‒
ࡽ⪃࠼ࠊ୺యⓗ࡟ุ᩿ࡋࠊ⾜ືࡋࠊࡼࡾࡼࡃၥ㢟
ࡣࠊ๓㏙ࡋࡓ 1996㸦ᖹᡂ 8㸧ᖺ୰ᩍᑂ⟅⏦࡟ᇶ
ࢆゎỴࡍࡿ⬟ຊࢆ㌟࡟ࡘࡅ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡛
࡙ࡁࠊᏊ࡝ࡶࡓࡕ࡟㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࢆ⫱ࡴࡇ࡜ࡢ࡛
࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡇࡑࡀ㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ㹙⏕ࡁ
ࡁࡿᩍဨ㣴ᡂࢆᛴࡀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ほ
ࡿຊ㹛ࡢᐃ⩏ࢆୖグࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᐃࡵࠊ௨ୗࡇࡢ⪃࠼
Ⅼࡼࡾࠊḟࡢ 3 㡯┠ࡀᥖࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ㄽࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ
㸦㸯㸧࠸ࡘࡢ᫬௦࡟ࡶồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㈨㉁⬟ຊ㸦ࠕ⣲
ᩍ⫱࡜࠸࠺Ⴀࡳࡢ┠ᣦࡍࠕே᱁ࡢ᏶ᡂࠖࡣࠊ
㹙⏕
ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࡢ⫱ᡂ࡞ࡋ࡟ㄒࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ2005
㸦ᖹᡂ 17㸧ᖺ 10 ᭶ 26 ᪥୰ᩍᑂ⟅⏦㸦ࠕ᪂ࡋ࠸᫬
㣴ࠖ࡜ࡣ༊ูࡉࢀࠊᚋኳⓗ࡟ᙧᡂྍ⬟࡞ࡶࡢ࡜࠸
࠺⪃࠼࡟❧ࡗ࡚㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
㸧
ձᩍ⫱⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ౑࿨ឤ
௦ࡢ⩏ົᩍ⫱ࢆ๰㐀ࡍࡿࠖ➨ 2 ❶ ᩍᖌ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ
ղே㛫ࡢᡂ㛗࣭Ⓨ㐩࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ῝࠸⌮ゎ
ᦂࡿࡂ࡞࠸ಙ㢗ࢆ☜❧ࡍࡿ ̿ᩍᖌࡢ㉁ࡢྥୖ
ճᗂඣ࣭ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᩍ⫱ⓗឡ᝟
̿ 㸦1㸧࠶ࡿ࡭ࡁᩍᖌീࡢ᫂♧㸧࡟ࠕே㛫ࡣᩍ
մᩍ⛉➼࡟㛵ࡍࡿᑓ㛛ⓗ▱㆑
⫱࡟ࡼࡗ࡚సࡽࢀࡿ࡜࠸ࢃࢀࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢᩍ⫱ࡢᡂ
յᗈࡃ㇏࠿࡞ᩍ㣴
ྰࡣᩍᖌ࡟࠿࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ゝࡗ࡚ࡶ㐣ゝ࡛ࡣ࡞
ࡇࢀࡽࢆᇶ┙࡜ࡋࡓᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊ➼
࠸ࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࡢ♫఍ࢆ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡃ
ࡇࢀࡣࠊ1987㸦᫛࿴ 62㸧ᖺ୰ᩍᑂ⟅⏦ࢆࡶ࡜
Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡓࡕ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࢆ⫱ᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ
࡟⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࡉ࠿ࡢࡰࢀࡤࠊ
ᩍဨࡢᙺ๭ࡣࡇࡢୖ࡞ࡃ኱ࡁ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ
ࡇࡢࠕᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࠖほࡣࠊ1986㸦᫛࿴ 61㸧ᖺ
௨ୖࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊᩍဨࡢ౑࿨࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡲ࡜ࡵ࡚
ࡢ⮫᫬ᩍ⫱ᑂ㆟఍➨஧ḟ⟅⏦ࢆୗᩜࡁ࡟ࡋࡓࡶ
ࡳࡿ࡜ࠊᩍဨࡢ౑࿨ࡣࠊᏊ࡝ࡶࡓࡕࡀࠊ⏕ᾭ࡟ࢃ
ࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡟ࡣࠕே㛫ឡࡸඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐ࡟ᑐ
ࡓࡗ࡚⮬ศࡢ⬟ຊ࡜ྍ⬟ᛶࢆ᭱኱㝈࡟㧗ࡵࠊࡉࡲ
ࡍࡿᩍ⫱ⓗឡ᝟ࢆᇶ┙࡜ࡍࡿᗈࡃ㇏࠿࡞ᩍ㣴ࠊᩍ
ࡊࡲ࡞ேࡓࡕ࡜༠ㄪ࣭༠ാࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ⮬ᕫᐇ⌧࡜
⫱ࡢ⌮ᛕࡸே㛫ࡢᡂ㛗࣭Ⓨ㐩࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ῝࠸⌮ゎࠊ
♫఍㈉⊩ࢆᅗࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᏊ࡝ࡶࡓࡕ
ᩍ⛉➼࡟㛵ࡍࡿᑓ㛛ⓗ▱㆑ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࢀࡽࡢୖ࡟
ࡀࠊ⮬ࡽㄢ㢟ࢆⓎぢࡋࠊࡑࢀࢆゎỴ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ᑟ
❧ࡘᐇ㊶ⓗ࡞ᣦᑟຊࠖ࡜࠸࠺グ㏙ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ࠕࡇ
ࡃࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࡀ㌟
ࢀࡽࢆᇶ┙࡜ࡋࡓᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࠖࡸࠕࡑࢀࡽࡢୖ
࡟௜ࡃࡼ࠺࡟ᑟ࠸࡚࠸ࡃຊࡇࡑࡀࠕᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࠖ
࡟❧ࡘᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࠖ࡜࠸࠺グ㏙࠿ࡽࡣࠊᐇ㊶ⓗ
࡛࠶ࡿࠊ࡜࠸࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋ
ᣦᑟຊࡢᇶࢆ࡞ࡍせ⣲ࡀձ㹼յ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ゎ㔘࡛
ࡇࡇ࡛ࠊᩍဨ࡟ồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㈨㉁⬟ຊ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᐇ
ࡁࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࠕ࠸ࡘࡢ᫬௦࡟ࡶồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㈨㉁
㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡢព࿡ࡍࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࢆࠊᑂ㆟఍ࡢᩍဨࡢ
⬟ຊࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ᥖࡆࡽࢀࡿձ㹼յࡢ㸳ࡘࡢせ⣲ࡢ࿴
㈨㉁࡟㛵ࡍࡿᥦゝࢆ㏣࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ☜ㄆࡋ࡚࠸
ࢆࡶࡗ࡚ࠕᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࠖ࡜ࡍࡿぢ᪉ࡶ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛
ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ
ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺ពぢࡶࡳࡽࢀࡿ(5)ࠋ
㸰㸬ᩍဨࡢ㈨㉁⬟ຊ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࠕᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࠖ
ࡢព࿡
㸰㸬㸯 1997㸦ᖹᡂ 9㸧ᖺࡢᩍ⫱⫋ဨ㣴ᡂᑂ㆟఍
⟅⏦
ᩍဨ࡟ồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㈨㉁⬟ຊࢆࡵࡄࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ
ᑂ㆟఍࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡋࡤࡋࡤᥦゝࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ1997
㸦ᖹᡂ 9㸧ᖺᩍ⫱⫋ဨ㣴ᡂᑂ㆟఍㸦ᩍ㣴ᑂ㸧⟅⏦
ࠕ᪂ࡓ࡞᫬௦࡟ྥࡅࡓᩍဨ㣴ᡂࡢᨵၿ᪉⟇࡟ࡘ
࠸࡚ 㸯㸬ᩍဨ࡟ồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㈨㉁⬟ຊࠖ࡟࠾࠸࡚
๓㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᥦゝࡢほⅬࡣኚ໬ࡢ⃭ࡋ࠸᫬
௦࡟࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊᏊ࡝ࡶࡓࡕ࡟㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࢆ⫱ࡴ࡜
ࡇࢁ࡟࠶ࡿࠋ㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࡢᐃ⩏ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡿ࡜ࠊ
ୖグձ㹼յࡣࠊ᫬௦ࢆ㉸࠼࡚ኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸㈨㉁⬟ຊ
࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡽࢆࡋࡗ࠿ࡾ
࡜㌟࡟ࡘࡅࡓୖ࡛ࠊኚ໬ࡢ⃭ࡋ࠸♫఍࡟ᰂ㌾࡟ᑐ
ᛂ࡛ࡁࡿ㈨㉁⬟ຊࠊ⮬ศ࡛ㄢ㢟ࢆぢࡘࡅࠊ⮬ࡽᏛ
ࡧࠊ⮬ࡽ⪃࠼ࠊ୺యⓗ࡟⾜ືࡋࠊࡼࡾࡼࡃၥ㢟ࢆ
ゎỴࡍࡿ⬟ຊࡀࠕᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠊ࡜ᥦゝ
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⌮ゎࡋࡓ࠸ࠋᚑࡗ࡚ࠊձ㹼յࡢ㸳ࡘࡢ
78
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
せ⣲ࡢ࿴ࢆࡶࡗ࡚ࠕᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࠖ࡜ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺
☜ಖࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࡉࡽ࡟✚ᴟⓗ࡟ྛேࡢᚓពศ
⪃࠼᪉࡟ࡣ㈶ྠ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ
㔝࡙ࡃࡾࡸಶᛶࡢఙ㛗ࢆᅗࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ኱ษ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ
㸦㸰㸧௒ᚋ≉࡟ồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㈨㉁⬟ຊ
࡜㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
࠸ࡘࡢ᫬௦࡟ࡶồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㈨㉁⬟ຊ㸦୍⯡ⓗ㈨
ᚓពศ㔝࡙ࡃࡾ࡜ࡣࠊ⮬ศࡢᢸᙜࡍࡿᑓ㛛ᩍ⛉
㉁⬟ຊ㸧ࢆ๓ᥦ࡜ࡋࡘࡘࠊ௒᪥ࡢ♫఍ࡢ≧ἣࡸᏛ
࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣㄡ࡟ࡶ㈇ࡅ࡞࠸▱㆑ࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡜࡛࠶
ᰯ࣭ᩍဨࢆᕠࡿㅖၥ㢟ࢆᛕ㢌࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ௒ᚋ≉࡟
ࢁ࠺ࠋᩍᖌ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡑࡢᑓ㛛ᩍ⛉࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡣࠊ
ᩍဨ࡟ồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㈨㉁⬟ຊࡢලయ౛ࢆ௨ୗࡢࡼ
࿨⥘࡜࠸ࡗ࡚ࡼ࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ⮬ศࡢᑓ㛛ᩍ⛉࡜࠸࠺
࠺࡟ᥖࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ᚓពศ㔝ࢆṊჾ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᏛ⩦ࡢᣦᑟ࡟⮬ಙࢆᣢࡗ
ձᆅ⌫ⓗど㔝࡟❧ࡗ࡚⾜ືࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ㈨㉁⬟ຊ
࡚ᙜࡓࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ࠾ࡢࡎ࡜ᩍဨ⏕άࡢ㐨ࡶ
࣭ᆅ⌫ࠊᅜᐙࠊே㛫➼࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㐺ษ࡞⌮ゎ
㛤ࡅ࡚࠸ࡃࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᩍ⛉࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡢᩍᖌࡢᑓ
࣭㇏࠿࡞ே㛫ᛶ
㛛ᛶࡀ㧗ࡅࢀࡤ㧗࠸࡯࡝ࠊᤵᴗ࡟࠾࠸࡚Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡓ
࣭ᅜ㝿♫఍࡛ᚲせ࡜ࡉࢀࡿᇶᮏⓗ࡞㈨㉁⬟ຊ
ࡕࡢ⯆࿡㛵ᚰࢆᘬࡁฟࡍຊࡶᙉ࠸ࡶࡢ࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡇ
ղኚ໬ࡢ᫬௦ࢆ⏕ࡁࡿ♫఍ே࡟ồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㈨㉁
ࡢ⯆࿡㛵ᚰࢆᘬࡁฟࡍຊࡀᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊ࡛࠶ࢁ
⬟ຊ
࠺ࠋᩍ⛉ࡢᑓ㛛ᛶࡢ㧗ࡉࡣࠊᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡢ኱ࡁ
࣭ၥ㢟ゎỴ⬟ຊ➼࡟㛵ࢃࡿࡶࡢ
ࡉ࡟ẚ౛ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࠕᣦᑟຊ࡜࠸࠺
࣭ே㛫㛵ಀ࡟㛵ࢃࡿࡶࡢ
ࡶࡢࡣࠊࡦ࡜ࡘࡢᚓពศ㔝ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ
࣭♫఍ࡢኚ໬࡟㐺ᛂࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ▱㆑ཬࡧᢏ⬟
ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ศ㔝ࡢᣦᑟ࡟㌿⛣ࡋࡓࡾἼཬࡋ࡚࠸
ճᩍဨࡢ⫋ົ࠿ࡽᚲ↛ⓗ࡟ồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㈨㉁⬟ຊ
ࡃ(6)ࠖࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ኱Ꮫ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠕᩍ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲࠖ
࣭ᗂඣ࣭ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡸᩍ⫱ࡢᅾࡾ᪉࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ
㐺ษ࡞⌮ゎ
࣭ᩍ⫋࡟ᑐࡍࡿឡ᝟ࠊ㄂ࡾࠊ୍యឤ
࣭ᩍ⛉ᣦᑟࠊ⏕ᚐᣦᑟࡢࡓࡵࡢ▱㆑ࠊᢏ⬟ཬࡧ
ែᗘ
ࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࡢᩍဨ࡟ࡣࠊኚ໬ࡢ⃭ࡋ࠸᫬௦࡟࠶ࡗ
࡚ࠊᏊ࡝ࡶࡓࡕ࡟㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࢆ⫱ࡴᩍ⫱ࢆᤵࡅ
ࢆࡣࡌࡵᑓ㛛ᩍ⛉ࡢᤵᴗࢆࡋࡗ࠿ࡾᏛࡪࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ
ᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡣ㣴ᡂࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋ
௨ୖࠊ1997㸦ᖹᡂ 9㸧ᖺᩍ㣴ᑂ⟅⏦࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ
ᗈࡃ㇏࠿࡞ᩍ㣴ࠊᩍ⛉࡟㛵ࡍࡿᑓ㛛▱㆑➼ࢆᇶ┙
࡟ࡋࡓᩍဨ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡢ⫱ᡂࠊኚ໬ࡢ
᫬௦ࢆ⏕ࡁࡿ♫఍ே࡟ồࡵࡽࢀࡿၥ㢟ゎỴ⬟ຊ
ࡀᙉㄪࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ほⅬ࠿ࡽࡢᥦゝ
࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࡜ࠊ1996㸦ᖹᡂ 8㸧ᖺ୰ᩍᑂ
㸰㸬㸰2005㸦ᖹᡂ 17㸧ᖺࡢ୰ኸᩍ⫱ᑂ㆟఍⟅⏦
⟅⏦ࡢᥖࡆࡓ㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࡢ 3 せ⣲ࡢ୍␒┠ࠕၥ
๓㏙ࡢ 1997㸦ᖹᡂ 9㸧ᖺᩍ㣴ᑂࢆ྾཰⤫ྜࡋ
㢟ゎỴ⬟ຊࠖࢆព㆑ࡋࡓ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿղࡀ୍␒ᙉㄪ
ࡓᙧ࡛ࠊ2005㸦ᖹᡂ 17㸧ᖺࡢ୰ᩍᑂ⟅⏦ࠕ᪂ࡋ
ࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ
࠸᫬௦ࡢ⩏ົᩍ⫱ࢆ๰㐀ࡍࡿࠖ➨ 2 㒊➨ 2 ❶ࠕᩍ
㸦㸱㸧ᚓពศ㔝ࢆᣢࡘಶᛶ㇏࠿࡞ᩍဨ
ᖌ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᦂࡿࡂ࡞࠸ಙ㢗ࢆ☜❧ࡍࡿ̿ᩍᖌࡢ
Ꮫᰯ࡛ࡣࠊከᵝ࡞㈨㉁⬟ຊࢆᣢࡘಶᛶ㇏࠿࡞ே
㉁ࡢྥୖ̿ࠖ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊே㛫ࡣᩍ⫱࡟ࡼࡗ࡚స
ᮦ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿᩍဨ㞟ᅋࡀ㐃ᦠ࣭༠ാࡍࡿ
ࡽࢀࡿࠊࡑࡢᡂྰࡣᩍᖌ࡟࠿࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ゝࡗ࡚
ࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊᏛᰯ࡜࠸࠺⤌⧊඲య࡜ࡋ࡚඘ᐇࡋࡓ
ࡶ㐣ゝ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠊ࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁࠊඃࢀࡓᩍ
ᩍ⫱άືࢆᒎ㛤ࡍ࡭ࡁࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠊ࡜࠸࠺ほⅬ
ဨࡢ᮲௳࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊḟࡢ 3 ࡘࡢせ⣲ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜
࠿ࡽࠊ௒ᚋ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᩍဨࡢ㈨㉁⬟ຊࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࢆ
㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࠕ⏬୍ⓗ࡞ᩍဨീࢆồࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㑊ࡅࠊ⏕ᾭ࡟ࢃ
ձᩍ⫋࡟ᑐࡍࡿᙉ࠸᝟⇕
ࡓࡾ㈨㉁⬟ຊࡢྥୖࢆᅗࡿ࡜࠸࠺๓ᥦ࡟❧ࡗ࡚ࠊ
඲ᩍဨ࡟ồࡵࡽࢀࡿᇶ♏ⓗ࣭ᇶᮏⓗ࡞㈨㉁⬟ຊࢆ
ᩍᖌࡢ௙஦࡟ᑐࡍࡿ౑࿨ឤࡸ㄂ࡾࠊᏊ࡝ࡶ࡟
ᑐࡍࡿឡ᝟ࡸ㈐௵ឤ࡞࡝ࠊኚ໬ࡢⴭࡋ࠸♫఍ࡸ
79
஌ᢿɟ௑≝‫׎‬ᛖᅹ૙Ꮛඥ‒ ⃬ܱោႎਦ‫ݰ‬щ↝Ꮛ঺↚Ӽↀ↕⃬‒
ᏛᰯࠊᏊ࡝ࡶࡓࡕ࡟㐺ษ࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊᖖ࡟
ဨ࡟࡞ࡿୖ࡛ࠊ⮬ᕫ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ఱࡀㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࠿
Ꮫࡧ⥆ࡅࡿྥୖᚰࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡜ࡶ኱ษ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࢆ⮬ぬࡋࠊᚲせ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚୙㊊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ▱㆑ࡸᢏ⬟
ղᩍဨࡢᑓ㛛ᐙ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ☜࠿࡞ຊ㔞
➼ࢆ⿵࠸ࠊࡑࡢᐃ╔ࢆᅗࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊᩍ⫋⏕ά
ࡇࡇ࡛࠸࠺☜࠿࡞ຊ㔞ࡣࠊᏊ࡝ࡶ⌮ゎຊࠊඣ
ࢆࡼࡾ෇⁥࡟ࢫࢱ࣮ࢺ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ
❺࣭⏕ᚐᣦᑟຊࠊ㞟ᅋᣦᑟࡢຊࠊᏛ⣭࡙ࡃࡾࡢ
ᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࠋࠖ࡜࠸࠺㊃᪨ࡢࡶ࡜࡟᪂タࡀᥦゝࡉ
ຊࠊᏛ⩦ᣦᑟຊ࣭ᤵᴗ࡙ࡃࡾࡢຊࠊᩍᮦゎ㔘ࡢ
ࢀࡓࠋࡑࡢᚋࡇࡢ᪂タ⛉┠ࡣࠊ2010㸦ᖹᡂ 22㸧
ຊࡢ 7 ࡘࡢຊࢆゝ࠺ࠋ
ᖺධᏛ⪅ࡢ 4 ᖺ⏕ᚋᮇࡼࡾᑟධࡉࢀࡓࠋ
ճ⥲ྜⓗ࡞ே㛫ຊ
Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡓࡕࡢே᱁ᙧᡂ࡟㛵ࢃࡿ⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ㇏
ᩍ⫋ᐇ㊶₇⩦ࡢᒚಟࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊᩍဨ࡜ࡋ࡚ᚲせ
࡞㈨㉁⬟ຊࡢ☜ᐇ࡞☜ㄆࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡍࡿ
࠿࡞ே㛫ᛶࡸ♫఍ᛶࠊᖖ㆑࡜ᩍ㣴ࠊ♩൤సἲࢆ
ࡓࡵࠊᩍဨ࡜ࡋ࡚ồࡵࡽࢀࡿ 4 ࡘࡢ஦㡯
ࡣࡌࡵே㛫㛵ಀ⬟ຊࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ⬟ຊ
ձ౑࿨ឤࡸ㈐௵ឤࠊᩍ⫱ⓗឡ᝟➼࡟㛵ࡍࡿ஦㡯
࡞࡝ࡢே᱁ⓗ㈨㉁ࠊ௚ࡢᩍᖌࡸ஦ົ⫋ဨࠊᰤ㣴
ղ♫఍ᛶࡸᑐே㛵ಀ⬟ຊ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ஦㡯
⫋ဨ࡞࡝ᩍ⫋ဨ඲య࡜ྠ൉࡜ࡋ࡚༠ຊࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ
ճᗂඣඣ❺⏕ᚐ⌮ゎࡸᏛ⣭⤒Ⴀ➼࡟㛵ࡍࡿ஦㡯
ࡇ࡜ࡀồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
մᩍ⛉࣭ಖ⫱ෆᐜ➼ࡢᣦᑟຊ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ஦㡯 ௨ୖࠊ2005㸦ᖹᡂ 17㸧ᖺ୰ᩍᑂ⟅⏦࡛ࡣࠊᩍ
ࢆྵࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㐺ᙜ࡛࠶ࡿࠊ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋୖグձ
⫋࡟ᑐࡍࡿᙉ࠸᝟⇕ࢆᇶ┙࡟ࠊᏛ⩦ᣦᑟຊ࣭ᤵᴗ
㹼ճࡣࠊ᫬௦ࢆ㉸࠼࡚ኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸౯್ࡢ࠶ࡿ㈨㉁
࡙ࡃࡾࡢຊࠊᩍᮦゎ㔘ࡢຊ➼ᑓ㛛ᐙ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ☜࠿
⬟ຊࠊմࡣࠊኚ໬ࡢ⃭ࡋ࠸♫఍࡟ᰂ㌾࡟ᑐᛂ࡛ࡁ
࡞ຊ㔞ࡢ㔜せᛶࢆ㏙࡭ࠊᤵᴗ࡛຾㈇࡛ࡁࡿᩍဨ࡜
ࡿ㈨㉁⬟ຊ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇմࡢ㈨㉁ࡣࠊ
ࡋ࡚ࡢᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡢ⫱ᡂࢆᙉㄪࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ձ㹼ճࢆᇶ┙࡜ࡋࡓࡑࢀ࡛࠶ࡿࠋմ࡟࠶ࡿᩍ⛉ࡢ
ᣦᑟຊ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ஦㡯࡛☜ㄆࡍ࡭ࡁࡇ࡜ࡣࠊᩍ⛉࡟
㸰㸬㸱2006㸦ᖹᡂ 18㸧ᖺࡢ୰ኸᩍ⫱ᑂ㆟఍⟅⏦
㛵ࡍࡿᑓ㛛▱㆑ࢆᇶ┙࡟ࠊᤵᴗ࡛຾㈇࡛ࡁࡿᩍဨ
ࡇࢀࡽࡢ⟅⏦ࢆᇶ࡟ࡋ࡚ࠊ2006㸦ᖹᡂ 18㸧ᖺ
࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࠕᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࠖࡀ࡝ࡇࡲ࡛⩦ᚓ࡛ࡁࡓ
ࡢࠊ୰ᩍᑂ⟅⏦ࠕ௒ᚋࡢᩍဨ㣴ᡂ࣭චチไᗘࡢᅾ
ࡾ᪉࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠖ2㸬ᩍဨ㣴ᡂ࣭චチไᗘࡢᨵ㠉ࡢ
࠿࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ
ࡇࡢ㡯┠ࢆᩍ⫋ᐇ㊶₇⩦ࡢ⛉┠ࡢ୰࡛࡝ࡢࡼ
ලయⓗ᪉⟇ 1㸬ᩍ⫋ㄢ⛬ࡢ㉁ⓗỈ‽ࡢྥୖ㸦2㸧
࠺࡟ᵓᡂࡋࠊᐇ᪋ࡍࡿ࠿ࡣࠊᇶᮏⓗ࡟ࡣྛ኱Ꮫࡢ
ࠕᩍ⫋ᐇ㊶₇⩦㸦௬⛠㸧ࡢ᪂タ࣭ᚲಟ໬̿ᩍဨ࡜
ุ᩿࡟ࡺࡔࡡࡽࢀࡓࡀࠊ⟅⏦ࡣලయⓗ࡞ᤵᴗෆᐜ
ࡋ࡚ᚲせ࡞㈨㉁⬟ຊࡢ᭱⤊ⓗ࡞ᙧᡂ࡜☜ㄆ̿ࠖ࡟
౛ࡸ฿㐩┠ᶆ➼ࢆ౛♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡟ࡣࠊࠕᙺ
࠾࠸࡚ࠊࠕᩍဨ࡜ࡋ࡚᭱ᑠ㝈ᚲせ࡞㈨㉁⬟ຊࡢ඲
๭₇ᢏ㸦࣮ࣟࣝࣉ࣮ࣞ࢖ࣥࢢ㸧ࡸࢢ࣮ࣝࣉウㄽࠊ
య࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ☜ᐇ࡟㌟࡟௜ࡅࡉࡏࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊࡑ
ᐇᢏᣦᑟࠊᐇົᐇ⩦ࠊ஦౛◊✲ࠊ⌧ᆅㄪᰝ㸦ࣇ࢕
ࡢ㈨㉁⬟ຊࡢ඲యࢆ᫂♧ⓗ࡟☜ㄆࡍࡿࡓࡵࠖࠊᩍ
࣮ࣝࢻ࣮࣡ࢡ㸧ࠊᶍᨃᤵᴗࢆྲྀࡾධࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㐺
⫋ㄢ⛬ࡢ୰࡟ࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞ᚲಟ⛉┠ᩍ⫋ᐇ㊶₇⩦㸦௬
ᙜ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡟ᥖࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᶍᨃᤵ
⛠㸧ࢆタᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᥦゝࡉࢀࡓࠋ
ᴗᑟධ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ⏕㔝㔠୕Ặࡣࠕࡇࢀࡣᩍᮦ◊✲ࠊ
ᩍ⫋ᐇ㊶₇⩦ࡣࠊࠕᩍ⫋ㄢ⛬ࡢ௚ࡢ⛉┠ࡢᒚಟ
Ꮫ⩦ᣦᑟ᱌࣭ᯈ᭩ィ⏬࣭Ⓨၥィ⏬࣭సᴗࡢࣉࣜࣥ
ࡸᩍ⫋ㄢ⛬እ࡛ࡢᵝࠎ࡞άືࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚Ꮫ⏕ࡀ㌟
ࢺ࣭ᩍᮦ➼ࡢసᡂ➼ࡢᤵᴗタィࡼࡾᤵᴗᐇ᪋࡟࠸
࡟௜ࡅࡓ㈨㉁⬟ຊࡀࠊᩍဨ࡜ࡋ࡚᭱ᑠ㝈ᚲせ࡞㈨
ࡓࡿ୍㐃ࡢࡇ࡜ࢆཷㅮ⪅࡛࠶ࡿᏛ⏕࡟య㦂ࡏࡋ
㉁⬟ຊ࡜ࡋ࡚᭷ᶵⓗ࡟⤫ྜࡉࢀࠊᙧᡂࡉࢀࡓ࠿࡟
ࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᩍဨ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡢ
ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊㄢ⛬ㄆᐃ኱Ꮫࡀ⮬ࡽࡢ㣴ᡂࡍࡿᩍဨീࡸ
ᇶ♏ࡢ⫱ᡂࢆᚿྥࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ(7)ࠋࠖ࡜㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸
฿㐩┠ᶆ➼࡟↷ࡽࡋ࡚᭱⤊ⓗ࡟☜ㄆࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛
ࡿࠋ⏕㔝Ặࡀ⪃ᐹࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠕᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࠖ
࠶ࡿࠋᏛ⏕ࡣࡇࡢ⛉┠ࡢᒚಟࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊᑗ᮶ࠊᩍ
ࢆ㌟࡟ࡘࡅࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊᶍᨃᤵᴗࡢᑟධࡀ୙ྍḞ
80
࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ᩍ⫋ᐇ㊶₇⩦ࡢᒚಟ᫬ᮇࡣ 4 ᖺ⏕ᚋᮇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
ຊࡢ⥲ྜⓗ࡞ྥୖ᪉⟇࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ 2㸬ࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࡢ
ᩍဨ࡟ồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㈨㉁⬟ຊࠖ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡇࢀ࠿ࡽ
ᮏᏛࡢሙྜࠊᩍ⫱ᐇ⩦ࢆ 4 ᖺ⏕࡟ᐇ᪋ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࢝
ࡢᩍဨ࡟ồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㈨㉁⬟ຊ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚௨ୗࡢࡼ
࣒ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡀ⤌ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ๓ᮇ࡟ᐇ⩦ࢆ⾜
࠺࡟ᩚ⌮ࡉࢀࡓࠋ
࠺Ꮫ⏕࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ⤒㦂ࡋࡓ࠶࡜࡟ࠊ⮬ࡽࡢၥ㢟
㸦Ϩ㸧ᩍ⫋࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㈐௵ឤࠊ᥈✲ຊࠊᩍ⫋⏕ά඲
ࢆⓎぢࡋࠊᨵၿ⟇ࢆぢ࠸ࡔࡍࡇ࡜࡟ά⏝࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
యࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚⮬୺ⓗ࡟Ꮫࡧ⥆ࡅࡿຊ㸦౑࿨ឤࡸ
ᚋᮇ࡟ᐇ⩦ࢆ⾜࠺Ꮫ⏕࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊᐇ⩦ࡀ෇⁥࡟
㈐௵ឤࠊᩍ⫱ⓗឡ᝟㸧
㐠ࡪࡼ࠺⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋᶍᨃᤵᴗࢆ⾜࠸ᐇ㊶ຊࢆ㌟࡟
㸦ϩ㸧ᑓ㛛⫋࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ㧗ᗘ࡞▱㆑࣭ᢏ⬟
ࡘࡅࡿࡓࡵ࡟᭷ព⩏࡞⛉┠࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ձᩍ⛉ࡸᩍ⫋࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㧗ᗘ࡞ᑓ㛛ⓗ▱㆑
ࡑࡢ௚⟅⏦ࡀ౛♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿෆᐜࡣࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡶᏛ
ղ᪂ࡓ࡞Ꮫࡧࢆᒎ㛤࡛ࡁࡿᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊ㸦ᇶ
⏕ࡀ⮬ศ࡛ㄢ㢟ࢆぢࡘࡅࠊ୺యⓗ࡟ุ᩿ࡋࠊၥ㢟
♏ⓗ࣭ᇶᮏⓗ࡞▱㆑࣭ᢏ⬟ࡢ⩦ᚓ࡟ຍ࠼࡚ᛮ
ࢆゎỴࡍࡿ⬟ຊࢆ㣴ᡂࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᩍဨࡢ㈨
⪃ຊุ࣭᩿ຊ࣭⾲⌧ຊ➼ࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ▱
㉁࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡢᇶ♏ࢆ㌟࡟௜ࡅࡿࡇ
㆑࣭ᢏ⬟ࢆά⏝ࡍࡿᏛ⩦άືࡸㄢ㢟᥈ồᆺࡢ
࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࢆࠊ4 ᖺḟᚋᮇ࡟࠾࠸࡚᭱⤊
Ꮫ⩦ࠊ༠ാⓗᏛࡧ࡞࡝ࢆࢹࢨ࢖࡛ࣥࡁࡿᣦᑟ
☜ㄆࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ⛉┠࡜ࡋ࡚ᚲಟ໬ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡜
ຊ㸧
ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋᮏᏛ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊᩍ⫱ᐇ⩦グ㘓ࡸᒚಟ
࢝ࣝࢸࡢࠕᚲせ࡞㈨㉁⬟ຊ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⮬ᕫホ౯ࠖ
ࢆࡶ࡜࡟ࠊᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡢ฿㐩ᗘࢆ ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆヨ
ࡳ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ճᩍ⛉ᣦᑟࠊ⏕ᚐᣦᑟࠊᏛ⣭⤒Ⴀ➼ࢆⓗ☜࡟
ᐇ㊶࡛ࡁࡿຊ
㸦Ϫ㸧⥲ྜⓗ࡞ே㛫ຊ㸦㇏࠿࡞ே㛫ᛶࡸ♫఍ᛶࠊ
ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥຊࠊྠ൉࡜ࢳ࣮࣒࡛ᑐᛂ
ࡍࡿຊࠊᆅᇦࡸ♫఍ࡢከᵝ࡞⤌⧊➼࡜㐃ᦠ࣭
㸰㸬㸲2012㸦ᖹᡂ 24㸧ᖺࡢ୰ኸᩍ⫱ᑂ㆟఍⟅⏦
༠ാ࡛ࡁࡿຊ㸧
࠸ࡘࡢ᫬௦࡟ࡶồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㈨㉁⬟ຊࡣࠊ࠸ࢃࡤ
࠸ࡘࡢ᫬௦࡟ࡶồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㈨㉁⬟ຊ㸦Ϩࠊϩձ
୙᫆ࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࢆᇶ┙࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᖖ࡟᪂
࣭ճࠊϪ㸧ࢆᇶ┙࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ♫఍ࡢኚ໬࡟ᰂ㌾࡟㐺
ࡋࡉࢆồࡵ࡚ࠊ♫఍ࡢኚ໬࡟ᰂ㌾࡟㐺ᛂ࡛ࡁࡿᐇ
ᛂ࡛ࡁࡿᩍဨࡢᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊ㸦ϩղ㸧ࡀᥦ♧ࡉࢀ
㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࢆ㌟࡟ࡘࡅ࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ2006
࡚࠸ࡿࠋୖ㏙ࡋࡓ1997㸦ᖹᡂ9)ᖺ࠿ࡽ2006㸦ᖹ
㸦ᖹᡂ 18㸧ᖺࡲ࡛ࡢ᫬௦࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡑࢀࡣࠊ⮬ࡽ
ᡂ18㸧ᖺࡲ࡛࡟ᑂ㆟఍ࡀᥦゝࡋ࡚ࡁࡓᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟ
ㄢ㢟ࢆぢࡘࡅࠊ୺యⓗ࡟ุ᩿ࡋࠊၥ㢟ࢆゎỴࡍࡿ
ຊࡢලయ౛ࠊㄢ㢟ࢆぢࡘࡅࠊ⮬ࡽᏛࡧࠊ⮬ࡽ⪃࠼
⬟ຊ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ᥦ♧ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡑࡢᚋࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ
ࠊ୺యⓗ࡟ุ᩿ࡋࠊ⾜ືࡋࠊၥ㢟ࢆゎỴࡍࡿ⬟ຊ
໬ࡸ᝟ሗ໬ࠊᑡᏊ㧗㱋໬࡞࡝♫఍ࡣᛴ㏿࡟ኚ໬ࡋࠊ
࡟ࠊ᪂ࡓ࡟ᛮ⪃ຊุ࣭᩿ຊ࣭⾲⌧ຊࡀࡘࡅຍ࠼ࡽ
21 ୡ⣖ࢆ⏕ࡁᢤࡃࡓࡵࡢຊࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊࡇ
ࢀࡓᙧ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᛮ⪃ຊุ࣭᩿ຊ࣭⾲⌧ຊࡣ
ࢀ࠿ࡽࡢᏛᰯࡣࠊᇶ♏ⓗ࣭ᇶᮏⓗ࡞▱㆑࣭ᢏ⬟ࡢ
ࠊᏊ࡝ࡶࡓࡕࡀᑗ᮶ࡢ⫋ᴗࡸ⏕άࢆぢ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊ♫
⩦ᚓ࡟ຍ࠼ࠊࡇࢀࡽࢆά⏝ࡋ࡚ㄢ㢟ࢆゎỴࡍࡿࡓ
఍࡟࠾࠸࡚⮬❧ⓗ࡟⏕ࡁࡿୖ࡛㔜せ࡞⬟ຊ࡛࠶
ࡵ࡟ᚲせ࡞ᛮ⪃ຊุ࣭᩿ຊ࣭⾲⌧ຊ➼ࡢ⫱ᡂࢆ㔜
ࡿࠋ2008㸦ᖹᡂ20㸧ᖺࡢᨵゞᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ࡢ᪉
どࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ゝࢃࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࠕᏛ
㔪ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ୰ᩍᑂ⟅⏦ࡢࠊ㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛࡟ࡘ࠸࡚
ᰯ⌧ሙ࡟࠾ࡅࡿㅖㄢ㢟ࡢ㧗ᗘ໬࣭」㞧໬࡟ࡼࡾࠊ
ࡢ㡯┠࡟ࡣࠊᏊ࡝ࡶࡓࡕࡢᛮ⪃ຊุ࣭᩿ຊ࣭⾲⌧
ึ௵ẁ㝵ࡢᩍဨࡀᅔ㞴ࢆᢪ࠼࡚࠾ࡾࠊ㣴ᡂẁ㝵࡟
ຊ➼ࢆ☜ᐇ࡟⫱ࡴࡓࡵ࡟ࠊྛᩍ⛉ࡢᣦᑟࡢ୰࡛ࠊ
࠾ࡅࡿᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡢ⫱ᡂᙉ໬ࡀᚲせࠖ࡜࠸࠺⌧
ᇶ♏ⓗ࣭ᇶᮏⓗ࡞▱㆑࣭ᢏ⬟ࡢ⩦ᚓ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊほ
≧࡜ㄢ㢟ࢆ㚷ࡳࠊ2012㸦ᖹᡂ 24㸧ᖺ 8 ᭶ 28 ᪥୰
ᐹ࣭ᐇ㦂ࡸ࣏࣮ࣞࢺࡢసᡂࠊㄽ㏙࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡑࢀࡒ
ᩍᑂ⟅⏦ࠕᩍ⫋⏕άࡢ඲యࢆ㏻ࡌࡓᩍဨࡢ㈨㉁⬟
ࢀࡢᩍ⛉ࡢ▱㆑࣭ᢏ⬟ࢆά⏝ࡍࡿᏛ⩦άືࢆ඘ᐇ
81
஌ᢿɟ௑≝‫׎‬ᛖᅹ૙Ꮛඥ‒ ⃬ܱោႎਦ‫ݰ‬щ↝Ꮛ঺↚Ӽↀ↕⃬‒
ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ㔜どࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚
࡚ࡃࡿࠋ
࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊㄢ㢟ゎỴⓗ
௨ୖࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ௒ồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿேᮦࡣࠊᏊ
࡞Ꮫ⩦ࡸ᥈ồⓗ࡞άືࡶ඘ᐇࡍࡿ࡜௜ࡅຍ࠼ࡽ
࡝ࡶࡓࡕࡢᛮ⪃ຊุ࣭᩿ຊ࣭⾲⌧ຊࢆ⫱ࡴࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ
ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ㄢ㢟᥈ồᆺࡢᏛ⩦ࠊ༠ാⓗᏛࡧ࡞࡝ࡀࢹࢨ࢖࡛ࣥ
ࡑࡢᚋ᫬௦ࡢ㐍ᒎ࡟క࠸ࠊ㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࢆ㌟࡟
ࡁࡿࠊᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࢆ᭷ࡍࡿᩍဨ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ
ࡘࡅࡉࡏࡿ࡟ࡣᩍ⛉ࡢ▱㆑࣭ᢏ⬟ࢆά⏝ࡍࡿᏛ⩦
ᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡣࠊᩍဨᚿᮃࡢᏛ⏕ࡀࠊᑗ᮶ᩍ⫱⌧
άືࢆ඘ᐇࡉࡏࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊㄢ㢟᥈ồᆺࡢᏛ
ሙ࡛࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ࢆ㔜ࡡࡿ࡟కࡗ࡚⮬↛࡜㌟࡟ࡘࡅ
⩦ࠊ༠ാⓗᏛࡧ࡞࡝ࢆࢹࢨ࢖࡛ࣥࡁࡿᣦᑟຊࡀồ
ࡽࢀࡿ࡯࡝ᐜ᫆࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢᇶ♏ࡣ኱Ꮫ
ࡵࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
ࡢ 4 ᖺ㛫࡛⫱ᡂࡉࢀࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ
1986㸦᫛࿴ 61㸧ᖺ⮫᫬ᩍ⫱ᑂ㆟఍➨஧ḟ⟅⏦ࠊ
㸰㸬㸳ࠕᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࠖࡢព࿡ࡢࡲ࡜ࡵ
ᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊ࡟㛵ࡍࡿグ㏙࡟ࠕ኱Ꮫࡢ㣴ᡂ࡟࠾࠸
௨ୖࠊᩍဨࡢ㈨㉁⬟ຊ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊ࡟
࡚ࡣࠊᖜᗈ࠸ே㛫ᛶࠊᩍ⛉࣭ᩍ⫋࡟ᚲせ࡜ࡉࢀࡿ
ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ1997㸦ᖹᡂ 9㸧ᖺ࠿ࡽ 2012㸦ᖹᡂ 24㸧
ᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡢᇶ♏ࡢಟᚓ࡟㔜Ⅼࢆ⨨ࡁࠊ᥇⏝ᚋ
ᖺࡲ࡛ࡢᑂ㆟఍ࡢᥦゝࢆ☜ㄆࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡑࡢព࿡
ࡢ◊ಟ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢୖ࡟❧ࡗ࡚ࡉࡽ࡟ᐇ
ࡍࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࢆ௨ୗ࡟ࡲ࡜ࡵ࡚ࡳࡿࠋ
㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡟㔜Ⅼࢆ⨨ࡃࡇ࡜
࣭ᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊ࡜ࡣࠊ
㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿຊ
࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࡜ࡍࡿࠖ࡜࠶ࡾࠊᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡢᇶ♏ࢆ኱Ꮫ࡛㣴
ᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᥦゝࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡣࠊ኱
࣭
㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛࡜ࡣࠊ᫬௦ࢆ㉸࠼࡚ኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸౯
Ꮫ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㣴ᡂㄢ⛬ńᩍ⫱⌧ሙ࡛ࡢึ௵⪅◊ಟ
್ࡢ࠶ࡿࡶࡢ㸦㇏࠿࡞ே㛫ᛶ࣭௚ேࢆᛮ࠸ࡸ
ń⌧⫋◊ಟࡢྛẁ㝵ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚⋓ᚓࡉࢀᙧᡂࡉࢀ
ࡿᚰ࣭ேᶒࢆᑛ㔜ࡍࡿᚰ➼㸧ࢆࡋࡗ࠿ࡾ࡜㌟
ࡿࡶࡢ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋᑗ᮶ᩍ⫋࡟ᑵ࠸ࡓ࡜ࡁࠊᩍ⛉
࡟ࡘࡅࡓୖ࡛ࠊኚ໬ࡢ⃭ࡋ࠸♫఍࡟ᰂ㌾࡟ᑐ
ᣦᑟࠊ⏕ᚐᣦᑟࡢ⫋ົࢆࠊⴭࡋ࠸ᨭ㞀ࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࡇ
ᛂ࡛ࡁࡿ⬟ຊࢆ࠸࠺ࠋ
࡜࡞ࡃᐇ㊶࡛ࡁࡿ㈨㉁⬟ຊࢆࠊ኱Ꮫ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㣴ᡂ
࣭ලయⓗ࡟ࡣࠊㄢ㢟ࢆぢࡘࡅࠊ⮬ࡽᏛࡧࠊ⮬ࡽ
ㄢ⛬࡛㌟࡟௜ࡅ࡚࠾ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
⪃࠼ࠊ୺యⓗ࡟ุ᩿ࡋࠊ⾜ືࡋࠊၥ㢟ࢆゎỴ
ᩍဨࡣᏛࢇ࡛ࡁࡓࡇ࡜ࡋ࠿ᩍ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ
ࡍࡿ⬟ຊࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࠊࡇࢀࢆᐇ⾜ࡍࡿୖ࡛㔜せ
࡞࠸࡜ゝࢃࢀࡿࠋᛮ⪃ຊุ࣭᩿ຊ࣭⾲⌧ຊࡢ㌟࡟
࡞⬟ຊ࡛࠶ࡿᛮ⪃ຊุ࣭᩿ຊ࣭⾲⌧ຊࢆ࠸࠺ࠋ
ࡘ࠸࡚࠸࡞࠸⪅ࡀࠊᏊ࡝ࡶࡓࡕ࡟ࡑࡢຊࢆᤵࡅࡿ
࣭ࡇࡢ㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࡀ㌟࡟ࡘࡃࡼ࠺࡟ᑟ࠸࡚࠸
ࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊㄢ㢟᥈ồᆺ࣭༠ാⓗᏛ⩦
ࡃຊࡀࠕᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ
࣭ࡘࡲࡾࠊᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡣࠊ࠸ࡘࡢ᫬௦࡟ࡶồ
ࡵࡽࢀࡿ౯್࠶ࡿ㈨㉁ࠊᩍ⫋࡟ᑐࡍࡿᙉ࠸᝟
⇕➼ࢆᇶ┙࡟ࠊ♫఍ࡢኚ໬࡟ᰂ㌾࡟㐺ᛂ࡛ࡁ
ࡿ⬟ຊࡢࡇ࡜ࠊ࡜ᐃ⩏࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿࠋ
࣭♫఍ࡢኚ໬࡟ᰂ㌾࡟㐺ᛂ࡛ࡁࡿ⬟ຊࡣࠊ኱Ꮫ
ࢆ⤒㦂ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡢ࡞࠸⪅ࡀࠊᑗ᮶Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡓࡕ࡟ࡑ
ࡢ᪉ἲࢆᩍ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ୙ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡎࡣࠊ኱
Ꮫࡢᤵᴗ࡟࠾࠸࡚య㦂ࡋ࡚࠾ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡑࡇ࡛ḟ❶࡛ࡣࠊᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡢ㣴ᡂ࡟ྥࡅ࡚
ࡢᮏᏛࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࡜ㄢ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ➹⪅ࡀᣦᑟࡍ
ࡿࠕᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲࠖࢆ୰ᚰ࡟⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋ
ࡢᩍ⫋ㄢ⛬࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊᏛ⩦ᣦᑟຊ࣭ᤵᴗ࡙
ࡃࡾࡢຊࠊᩍᮦゎ㔘ࡢຊ➼ࠊᑓ㛛ᐙ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ
㸱㸬ᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡢ㣴ᡂ࡟ྥࡅ࡚
☜࠿࡞ຊ㔞ࢆ⩦ᚓࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㌟࡟ࡘࡅࡿࡇ࡜
㸱㸬㸯ᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬⦅ᡂ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⛉┠ࡢ㓄ᙜᖺḟ
㸦ᅜㄒ⛉ࡢሙྜ㸧
ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
࣭ᤵᴗ࡛຾㈇࡛ࡁࡿᩍဨ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊ
ᮏᏛ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ୰Ꮫᰯ࣭㧗➼Ꮫᰯᩍㅍ୧᪉ࡢ୍
ࡢ⫱ᡂࡢࡓࡵ࡟ᶍᨃᤵᴗࡢᑟධࡀ㔜せ࡟࡞ࡗ
✀චチ≧ࡢᤵ୚ࢆཷࡅࡿሙྜࠊࠕᩍ⫋࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⛉
82
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
┠ࠖࡣࠊ
ࠕᩍ⫋ㄽ㸦㛤ㅮᖺḟ㸸1 ᖺḟ࣭๓ᮇ㸧
ࠖ
ࠕᏛ
㸱㸬㸰ࠕᩍ⫋࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚
ᰯ࡜ᩍ⫱ࡢṔྐ㸦1࣭๓㸧ࠖࠕᚰ㌟ࡢⓎ㐩࡜Ꮫ⩦㐣
ࠕᩍ⫋ㄽࠖࠕᏛᰯ࡜ᩍ⫱ࡢṔྐ࡛ࠖࡣࠊᩍဨᩍ
⛬㸦1࣭ᚋ㸧ࠖ
ࠕᏛᰯࡢไᗘ㸦1࣭๓㸧
ࠖ
ࠕᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬ㄽ
⫱ࡢ⌮ᛕࡸṔྐ࣭ᛮ᝿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࠊ࠾ࡼࡧᏛᰯᩍ
㸦1࣭ᚋ㸧ࠖ
ࠕ㐨ᚨᩍ⫱ࡢ⌮ㄽ࡜᪉ἲ㸦2࣭๓㸧
ࠖ
ࠕ≉
⫱ࡢព⩏ࡸᩍဨࡢᙺ๭ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࠋ୰Ꮫᰯ࣭㧗➼
ูάືࡢ⌮ㄽ࡜᪉ἲ㸦2࣭๓㸧ࠖ
ࠕ⏕ᚐᣦᑟㄽ㸦2࣭
Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱ࡢᙺ๭ࢆࠊ
ࠕᏛᰯࡢไᗘࠖࠖࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊᩍ
ᚋ㸧
ࠖ
ࠕᩍ⫱┦ㄯ㸦2࣭ᚋ㸧
ࠖ
ࠕᩍ⫱ᐇ⩦㸦4࣭๓ࠊᚋ㸧
ࠖ
⫱࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿἲ௧➼㸦᠇ἲࠊᩍ⫱ᇶᮏἲࠊᏛᰯᩍ
ࠕᩍ⫋ᐇ㊶₇⩦㸦4࣭ᚋ㸧ࠖࠕᩍ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲ㸦2࣭๓ࠊ
⫱ἲ➼㸧ࢆᏛࡪࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾṇࡋࡃ⌮ゎࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ
ᚋ㸧
ࠖ
ࠕᩍ⛉ᩍ⫱◊✲㸦3࣭๓ࠊᚋ㸧ࠖࡢᤵᴗࡢ༢఩
ࠕᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬ㄽ࡛ࠖࡣࠊᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬ࡢ⦅ᡂ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⌮
ࢆྲྀᚓࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ
ㄽ࣭▱㆑ࢆ⩦ᚓࡋࠊᖺ㛫ᣦᑟィ⏬ࡸᏛ⩦ᣦᑟ᱌ࢆ
ࡲࡓࠊࠕᩍ⛉࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࠖࡣࠊᅜㄒ⛉࡛࠶ࢀ
ศᯒࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ࡢྛᩍ⛉ࡢ┠ᶆ࣭
ࡤࠊᅜㄒࡢᩍဨචチྲྀᚓ࡟ᚲせ࡞⛉┠ࡣࠊࠕ᪥ᮏ
ෆᐜ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࠋࠕᩍ⫱᪉ἲㄽ࡛ࠖࡣࠊ
ㄒࡢ⾲⌧㸦2࣭ᚋ㸧
ࠖ
ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒࡢᩥἲ㸦2࣭๓㸧
ࠖ
ࠕ᪥
ᣦᑟ┠ᶆ࡟ἢࡗ࡚సᡂࡋࡓ༢ඖᣦᑟィ⏬ࢆᇶ࡟ࠊ
ᮏㄒࡢࣞࢺࣜࢵࢡ㸦3࣭๓㸧ࠖ
ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒᩥ❶ἲ㸦2࣭
ᶍᨃᤵᴗࢆᐇ㊶ࡋᩍ⛉ࡢ≉ᛶ࡟ᛂࡌࡓᣦᑟ᪉ἲ
๓㸧ࠖࠕ᪥ᮏྂ඾ᩥᏛྐ㸦1࣭ᚋ㸧ࠖࠕ᪥ᮏ㏆௦ᩥᏛ
ࡸᣦᑟᢏ⾡ࢆ⩦ᚓࡍࡿࠋ
ྐ㸦1࣭ᚋ㸧ࠖ
ࠕ᪥ᮏࡢྂ඾ᩥᏛ㸦2࣭ᚋ㸧
ࠖ
ࠕ᪥ᮏࡢ
ࡇࢀࡽࡢ⛉┠ࡣࠊᏛ⏕ࡀᩍ࠼ࡽࢀࡿ❧ሙ࠿ࡽぢ
㏆௦ᩥᏛ㸦2࣭๓㸧
ࠖ
ࠕ᪥ᮏᩥᏛ◊✲㸦3࣭๓㸧
ࠖ
ࠕ୰
ࡓᩍဨ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ⫋ᴗே࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᩍဨ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ල
ᅜࡢᩥᏛ㸦3࣭ᚋ㸧ࠖ
ࠕ₎ᩥᏛ㸦2࣭ᚋ㸧ࠖ
ࠕ᭩㐨㸦1࣭
యⓗ࡞࢖࣓࣮ࢪࢆ⋓ᚓࡋࡓୖ࡛ࠊᩍ⫋ㄢ⛬࡛✚ᴟ
๓㸧ࠖࡢ⛉┠ࢆᒚಟࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ
ⓗ࡟Ꮫࡰ࠺࡜ࡍࡿពḧࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡜ࢆ฿㐩┠ᶆ࡜
ᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬⦅ᡂ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ⛉┠ࡢ㓄ᙜᖺḟ࡟࠶ࡓ
ࡍࡿࠋ๓༙࡛ࠊᩍဨ࡜Ꮫᰯࢆࡵࡄࡿไᗘⓗ఩⨨࡙
ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ௨ୗ࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ4 ᖺ㛫ࢆ 5 ࡘࡢᮇ࡟
ࡅࡢ୰࡛ࠊᩍ⫱⫋ဨ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᇶᮏࢆᏛࡧࠊᚋ༙ࡣ
ศࡅ࡚ᵓᡂࡋࠊࠕᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࠖࢆ㌟࡟௜ࡅ࡚࠸
ࡑࢀࢆᇶ࡟ᩍ⫱άືࡢᐇ㝿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᏛᰯ⌧ሙࡢ
ࡃࠋ
⌧ᐇࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ⌧ᐇࢆぢᤣ࠼ࡓᐇ㊶ⓗ࡞
㸦1㸧ᩍ⫋࡬ࡢពḧྥୖᮇ㸦1 ᖺḟ๓ᮇ㸧
ヰ㢟ࢆᩘከࡃᏛࡪࡇ࡜࡛ࠊၥ㢟ゎỴ⬟ຊࡶ㣴ᡂࡉ
㸦2㸧Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱⌮ゎᮇ㸦1 ᖺḟᚋᮇ㸧
ࢀࡿࠋ
㸦3㸧ᇶ♏ⓗᩍ⫱ᐇ㊶ຊ㣴ᡂᮇ㸦2 ᖺḟ๓ᮇ㹼3
ᖺḟ๓ᮇ㸧
㸦4㸧Ⓨᒎⓗᩍ⫱ᐇ㊶ຊ㣴ᡂᮇ㸦3 ᖺḟᚋᮇ㹼4
ᖺḟ๓ᮇ㸧
1 ᖺḟᚋᮇ࠿ࡽᒚಟࡍࡿࠕᚰ㌟ࡢⓎ㐩࡜Ꮫ⩦㐣
⛬ࠖࡢ⛉┠࡛ࡣࠊࡣࡌࡵ࡟㟷ᖺᮇࡲ࡛ࡢ୍⯡ⓗ࡞
ᚰ㌟ࡢⓎ㐩ࡢㅖ┦࡟ࡘ࠸࡚Ꮫࡧࠊே㛫࡟ࡣⓎ㐩ẁ
㝵࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡾࠊⓎ㐩ẁ㝵࡟ぢྜࡗࡓᏛ⩦ࡀ
㸦5㸧⮬Ⓨⓗ⮬ᕫ◊㛑ᮇ㸦4 ᖺḟᚋᮇ㸧
ᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࠋࡑࢀࡽࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡓୖ
࠸ࡎࢀࡢ⛉┠ࡶᛮ⪃ຊุ࣭᩿ຊ࣭⾲⌧ຊ➼ࡀ㌟
࡛ࠊຠᯝⓗ࡞Ꮫ⩦ࢆᐇ㊶ࡍࡿ࡟ࡣࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ꮫ
࡟ࡘࡃࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᏛ⩦ᣦᑟ᱌ࡢศᯒࠊᶍᨃᤵᴗࠊ₇
⩦ἲࡀ㐺ษ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࢆᛮ⪃ࡍࡿࠋ
⩦ࢆ஺࠼ࡓᤵᴗ➼ࡀᒎ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ☜ㄆࢆ
ࠕ㐨ᚨᩍ⫱ࡢ⌮ㄽ࡜᪉ἲ࡛ࠖࡣࠊᏛᰯࡢᩍ⫱ά
ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡲࡎጞࡵ࡟ࠕᩍ⫋࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠㸦ᅜㄒ
ື඲యࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚⾜ࢃࢀࡿࠕ㐨ᚨᩍ⫱ࠖࡢᇶᮏⓗ࡞
⛉ᩍ⫱ἲࢆ㝖ࡃ㸧ࠖࡢෆᐜࠊ≉Ⰽࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋḟ
⌮ㄽࢆ⌮ゎࡋࠊࡑࡢ㔜せᛶ࡜ᐇ㝿ࡢᣦᑟ⌮ᛕ࠾ࡼ
࡟ࠊ
ࠕᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲࠖࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࠊ
ࠕᶍᨃᤵᴗࡢ㔜
ࡧᣦᑟࢫ࢟ࣝࢆ⩦ᚓࡍࡿࠋ2014㸦ᖹᡂ 26㸧ᖺ 10
せᛶࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࠕᩍ⛉࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࠖ࡟
᭶ 21 ᪥ࠊ୰ᩍᑂࡀࠕ㐨ᚨ࡟ಀࡿᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬ࡢᨵၿ
ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ
࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠖ⟅⏦ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㐨ᚨᩍ⫱ࡢᨵၿ࣭඘ᐇ
ࡢࡓࡵࡢ᪉⟇ࡢ୍ࡘ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ㐨ᚨࡢ᫬㛫ࢆࠊᩍ⫱
ㄢ⛬ୖࠕ≉ูࡢᩍ⛉ 㐨ᚨࠖ㸦௬⛠㸧࡜ࡋ࡚఩⨨
83
஌ᢿɟ௑≝‫׎‬ᛖᅹ૙Ꮛඥ‒ ⃬ܱោႎਦ‫ݰ‬щ↝Ꮛ঺↚Ӽↀ↕⃬‒
࡙ࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྠᑂ㆟఍ࡼࡾᥦゝࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࢀࢆཷ
ࡃ୰Ꮫ࣭㧗➼Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱ࡢ⌧ሙࡢ≧ἣ࠾ࡼࡧᏛ⩦ᣦ
ࡅࠊ2015㸦ᖹᡂ 27㸧ᖺ 3 ᭶ 27 ᪥ࠊᏛᰯᩍ⫱ἲ᪋
ᑟせ㡿࡟༶ࡋ࡚ㅮ⩏ࠊウㄽࠊⓎ⾲࡞࡝ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࠋ
⾜つ๎ࡢ୍㒊ࢆᨵṇࡍࡿ┬௧ࡀไᐃࡉࢀࠊᑠᏛ
ేタᰯ➼ࡢゼၥࢆᐇ㊶ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊ⌧≧ࢆ⫙
ᰯ࣭୰Ꮫᰯࠊཬࡧ≉ูᨭ᥼ᏛᰯࡢᑠᏛ㒊࣭୰Ꮫ㒊
࡛ឤࡌࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊᩍဨࢆ┠ᣦࡍᏛ⏕
ࡢᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕ㐨ᚨࠖࡀࠊࠕ≉ูࡢᩍ⛉࡛
࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡇࢀ௨ୖࡢᩍ⫱ࡣ࡞࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋ
࠶ࡿ㐨ᚨࠖ࡬࡜ᨵṇࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓྠ᪥ࠊᑠᏛᰯᏛ
⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ࡢ୍㒊ࢆᨵṇࡍࡿ࿌♧㸦ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬࿌
㸱㸬㸱ࠕᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚
♧➨ 60 ྕ㸧ࠊ୰ᏛᰯᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ࡢ୍㒊ࢆᨵṇࡍ
ࠕᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲࠖࡣࠊᅜㄒ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᐇ㊶ⓗ࡞ᣦ
ࡿ࿌♧㸦ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬࿌♧➨ 61 ྕ㸧ࠊ≉ูᨭ᥼Ꮫᰯ
ᑟຊࢆ㣴ᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟タ⨨ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᤵᴗࡣࠊ
ᑠᏛ㒊࣭୰Ꮫ㒊Ꮫ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ࡢ୍㒊ࢆᨵṇࡍࡿ࿌
Ꮫ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿࡟♧ࡉࢀࡿᇶᮏ᪉㔪ࡸᤵᴗ᫬㛫ᩘࠊ
♧㸦ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬࿌♧➨ 62 ྕ㸧ࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀබ♧ࡉ
ྛᩍ⛉ࡢ┠ᶆ࣭ෆᐜࢆࠊ⏕ᚐࡢᐇែࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ィ
ࢀࡓࠋ᪋⾜ᮇ᪥ࡣࠊᑠᏛᰯࠊ≉ูᨭ᥼ᏛᰯᑠᏛ㒊
⏬ⓗ࡟ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿
࡛ࡣࠊ2018㸦ᖹᡂ 30㸧ᖺᗘ࠿ࡽࠊ୰Ꮫᰯࠊ≉ู
ࡢἲ௧ୖࡢ఩⨨࡙ࡅࡸᩍ⛉ࡢ⣔⤫ᛶࢆ⌮ゎࡋࠊᐇ
ᨭ᥼Ꮫᰯ୰Ꮫ㒊࡛ࡣࠊ2019㸦ᖹᡂ 31㸧ᖺᗘ࠿ࡽ
㝿࡟ᣦᑟࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ๓ᥦ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᏛ⩦ᣦᑟ᱌ࢆస
ࠕ≉ูࡢᩍ⛉ 㐨ᚨࠖࡀ᏶඲ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞
ᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊྛᩍ⛉ࡢ┠ᶆ࣭ෆᐜࢆ༑ศ
ࡗࡓࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ2015㸦ᖹᡂ 27㸧ᖺ 4 ᭶࠿ࡽࡣ⛣⾜
⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ᶆ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ᥐ⨨࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᨵṇᚋࡢᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃᤵᴗ
୰Ꮫ࣭㧗➼Ꮫᰯࡢᅜㄒ⛉ࡢᩍ⫋ㄢ⛬࡛ࡣࠊ2 ᖺ
ࢆྍ⬟࡜ࡍࡿ≉౛ࡀᐃࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋ௒ᚋࡣࠊࡇࡢ⛉
ḟ࡟ࠕᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲϨ࣭ϩࠖࢆᒚಟࡋࠊᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ
┠ࢆᢸᙜ࡛ࡁࡿᩍဨࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶど㔝࡟ධ
⫱࡟㛵ࡍࡿᇶ♏ⓗ࡞▱㆑࣭ᢏ⬟ࢆ⌮ㄽⓗ࡟㏣ồࡋࠊ
ࢀ࡚ᣦᑟࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
Ꮫ⩦ᣦᑟࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ྛ⮬ࡢ⪃࠼ࢆ῝ࡵࡘ
ࠕ≉ูάືࡢ⌮ㄽ࡜᪉ἲ࡛ࠖࡣࠊࡇࡢ⛉┠ࡀྛ
ࡘࠊᩍဨ࡟ồࡵࡽࢀࡿᇶᮏⓗ࡞▱㆑ࡸ⪃࠼ࢆ㌟࡟
ᩍ⛉࡜୪ࡧ㔜せ࡞ᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬ࡢ୍㡿ᇦ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜
ࡘࡅࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊᐇ㝿࡟ᩍ⫱ࡢ⌧ሙ࡛౑⏝ࡉࢀ࡚
ࢆ⌮ゎࡋࠊ⏕ᚐ఍࣭Ꮫᰯ⾜஦࣭Ꮫ⣭఍άື࣭㹆㹐
࠸ࡿᩍ⛉᭩ࡢศᯒ࣭◊✲ࢆヨࡳࠊᏛ⩦ᣦᑟ᱌ࡢస
άື࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㒊άື࡞࡝ࡢ㞟ᅋάືࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊ㇏
ᡂἲࢆ⩦ᚓࡍࡿࠋྠࡌࡃ 2 ᖺḟ࡟ࠊేタᰯ࡟࠾࠸
࠿࡞♫఍ᛶࡀ⫱ࡲࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᣦᑟ᪉ἲࢆᏛࡪࠋ
࡚ほᐹᐇ⩦ࢆ⾜࠺ࠋᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲ࡛㌟࡟ࡘࡅࡓຊ
ࠕ⏕ᚐᣦᑟㄽ࡛ࠖࡣࠊ⏕ᚐᣦᑟ࡜㐍㊰ᣦᑟࡢᇶ♏
ࢆࠊᐇ㝿࡟ᩍ⫱⌧ሙ࡟㝆ࡾࡓࡗ࡚ほᐹࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛
⌮ㄽ࣭ᣦᑟ᪉ἲ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ▱㆑࣭⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵࠊᩍ
ㄢ㢟ࡶぢࡘ࠿ࡾࠊḟᖺᗘࡢᤵᴗ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡑࢀࢆゎ
ဨ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᐇ㊶ⓗែᗘࢆ㣴࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ᶆ࡜ࡋ࡚
Ỵࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
࠸ࡿࠋᐇ㝿࡟ᩍ⫱⌧ሙ࡛㉳ࡁࡓ஦౛ࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆࠊ
3 ᖺḟ࡟ࠕᩍ⛉ᩍ⫱◊✲㸿࣭㹀ࠖࢆᒚಟࡍࡿࠋ
⏕ᚐᣦᑟ࣭㐍㊰ᣦᑟࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࠊ⪃࠼᪉ࢆ᥈ồࡋ࡞
2 ᖺḟ࡟ᒚಟࡋࡓࠕᩍ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲϨ࣭ϩ࡛ࠖ⌮ㄽⓗ
ࡀࡽࠊ௒᪥ࡢᏊ࡝ࡶࡓࡕࡢᐇែࠊࡑࢀࢆྲྀࡾᕳࡃ
࡟Ꮫ⩦ࡋࡓᇶ♏ࡢୖ࡟❧ࡕࠊ୰Ꮫ࣭㧗➼Ꮫᰯ࡟࠾
⎔ቃ≧ἣ࠿ࡽࠊ⏕ᚐᣦᑟ࣭㐍㊰ᣦᑟࡢ┠ⓗ࡜ㄢ㢟
ࡅࡿᩍ⛉ᣦᑟࡢලయⓗ᪉ἲࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ2
ࢆ⪃ᐹࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࠕᩍ⫱┦ㄯ࡛ࠖࡣࠊᩍ⫱┦ㄯ࡟
ᖺḟࡼࡾᶍᨃᤵᴗࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ᩍ⛉ᣦᑟࡢᐇ㝿ࢆయ
࠾ࡅࡿᇶ♏▱㆑ࢆ㌟࡟ࡘࡅࠊඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢᚰ㌟࣭
㦂ࡋࠊᩍ⫱ᐇ⩦࡟㈨ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᐇຊࢆ㣴ᡂࡍࡿࠋ
⾜ືࡢၥ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ከゅⓗ࡞⌮ゎ࡜ᐇ㊶ⓗ࡞ᑐ
4 ᖺḟࡢࠕᩍ⫱ᐇ⩦࡛ࠖᏛ⩦ᣦᑟࡸ⏕ᚐᣦᑟ࡞࡝ࠊ
ᛂࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ᶆ࡟ࠊᏛ⣭ࡢㄢ㢟ゎỴࡢලయ
ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᩍ⫱ᐇ㊶࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴࡇ࡜ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊ⮬
ⓗ࡞ሙ㠃࡟࠾࠸࡚ά⏝ࡍࡿ᪉ἲࢆ₇⩦ࢆ஺࠼࡞
ศࡢ⌧ᅾࡢຊࢆ▱ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ4 ᖺḟᚋᮇ࡟
ࠕᩍ
ࡀࡽᐇ㊶ⓗ࡟Ꮫࡪࠋ
⫋ᐇ㊶₇⩦ࠖࢆᒚಟࡋࠊᩍ⫱ᐇ⩦ᮇ㛫ࡢ⮬ศࢆ᣺
ࡇࢀࡽࡢ⛉┠ࡣ࡝ࢀࡶࠊᏛၥⓗ▱ぢࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞
ࡾ㏉ࡾࠊㄢ㢟ࢆⓎぢࡋゎỴࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜࡛ࠊᩍ⫋
84
࡬ࡢពḧࢆྥୖࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
ࡉ࡚ࠊᏛ⩦ᣦᑟ᱌ࢆᇶ࡟ᐇ㝿࡟ᩍቭ࡟❧ࡗ࡚ᶍ
ᨃᤵᴗࢆࡍࡿࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ᫬㛫ࢆᮏ␒ࡉ࡞ࡀࡽ
㸱㸬㸲ᶍᨃᤵᴗࡢ㔜せᛶ
ࡢ 50 ศ࡛⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ⌮᝿࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏᏛ࡛ࡣᑡே
๓㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᩍᖌ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡑࡢᑓ㛛ᩍ⛉࡜
ᩘ࡛ᤵᴗࢆ⾜࠺⎔ቃ࡟࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊᒚಟ⪅ࡣ 50 ศ
࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡣࠊ࿨⥘࡛࠶ࡿࠋᩍ⛉ࡢᑓ㛛ᛶࡢ㧗ࡉࡣࠊ
ࡢᤵᴗࢆ⤌ࡳ❧࡚࡚ࠊ㏻ࡋ࡛ᶍᨃᤵᴗࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜
ࡼ࠸ᤵᴗ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࠋ⏕ᚐࡀ⏕ࡁ⏕ࡁ࡜ࡋࡓ⾲᝟
ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ(8)ࠋ㸱㸬㸯࡛㏙࡭ࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࠕᩍ⫋
࡛ᤵᴗ࡟ཧຍࡋࠊㄢ㢟ࢆⓎぢࡋࠊ୺యⓗ࡟ㄪ࡭ࠊ
࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࠖࡢ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡀࠊᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ࡢศ
⪃࠼ࠊ⾜ືࡋࠊၥ㢟ࢆゎỴࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ࡜ࡁࠊ
ᯒࠊᶍᨃᤵᴗࡢᐇ᪋ࠊ₇⩦ࢆ஺࠼ࡓᐇ㊶ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚
ࡑࢀࢆࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ⤒㦂ࡣ኱ࡁ࡞Ṋჾ࡜
࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡽࡢ⛉┠࡛⤒㦂ࢆ✚ࢇ࡛ࠊ2 ᖺḟ࡟ࠕᅜ
࡞ࡾࠊ௒ᚋ⮬ಙࢆᣢࡗ࡚ᩍဨࡢ㐨ࢆṌ࠸࡚⾜ࡃࡇ
ㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲࠖࡢᶍᨃᤵᴗࢆᐇ᪋࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ኱ኚ
࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡑࡢᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡢᇶ♏ࡣࠊ
ຠᯝⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᚭᗏࡋࡓᩍᮦ◊✲ࠊヲ⣽࡞Ꮫ⩦ᣦ
ᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲࡢᤵᴗ࡛ᐇ㊶ࡉࢀࡿᶍᨃᤵᴗ࡟ࡼ
ᑟ᱌ࢆᇶ࡟⾜࠺ᶍᨃᤵᴗࡣࠊᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊ㣴ᡂ࡟
ࡗ࡚⫱ࡲࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬ࡢᩍ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲ
Ḟ࠿ࡏ࡞࠸㔜せ࡞ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࡟࠾࠸࡚ᶍᨃᤵᴗࢆᑟධࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ㸰㸬㸱࡛㏙
࡭ࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ2006㸦ᖹᡂ 18㸧ᖺ୰ᩍᑂ⟅⏦࡟࠾
࠸࡚㔜せどࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
㸱㸬㸳ࠕᩍ⛉࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠㸦ᅜㄒ⛉㸧ࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚
ᅜㄒ⛉ࡢ┠ᶆࡣࠕᅜㄒࢆ㐺ษ࡟⾲⌧ࡋⓗ☜࡟⌮
ᩍ⫱ᐇ⩦࡛ᤵᴗ୰࡟❧ࡕ ⏕ࢆࡋ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ
ゎࡍࡿ⬟ຊࢆ⫱ᡂࡋࠊఏ࠼࠶࠺ຊࢆ㧗ࡵࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ
ᤵᴗࡢ‽ഛࢆᚭᗏⓗ࡟⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣᙜ↛ࡢࡇ࡜࡛
࡟ࠊᛮ⪃ຊࡸ᝿ീຊࢆఙࡤࡋࠊᚰ᝟ࢆ㇏࠿࡟ࡋࠊ
࠶ࡿࡀࠊ᪥㡭ࡼࡾᶍᨃᤵᴗ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶᩍᮦ◊✲ࢆ
ゝㄒឤぬࢆ☻ࡁࠊゝㄒᩥ໬࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㛵ᚰࢆ῝ࡵࠊ
༑ศ࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ኱ษ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᅜㄒᩍ⫱ࡣࠊㄞࢇ
ᅜㄒࢆᑛ㔜ࡋ࡚ࡑࡢྥୖࢆᅗࡿែᗘࢆ⫱࡚ࡿࠋࠖ
࡛ෆᐜࢆ⌮ゎࡋ࡚ᬯグࡉࡏ࡚⤊ࢃࡾ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ
ࡇ࡜࡟࠶ࡿࠋᮏᏛ࡛ࡣࠊ1 ᖺḟඹ㏻⛉┠࡟ࠊࠕㄽ
࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢᩍᮦࢆ౑ࡗ࡚⏕ᚐ࡟ఱࢆ⪃࠼ࡉࡏ
⌮ⓗᛮ⪃ἲ࣭ࠖࠕㄽ⌮ⓗ⾲⌧ἲࠖࠕ᪥ᮏㄒࡢ⾲⌧ࠖ
ࡿࡢ࠿ࢆࠊᩍ࠼ࡿഃࡀᖖ࡟ᛕ㢌࡟࠾࠸࡚ᤵᴗࢆ㐍
࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࢆ⏝ពࡋࠊ⮬ศࡢ⪃࠼ࢆᣢࡕࠊㄽ⌮
⾜ࡉࡏ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊ᪥㡭࠿
ⓗ࡟ពぢࢆ㏙࡭ࡿ⬟ຊࠊ┠ⓗࡸሙ㠃࡞࡝࡟ᛂࡌ࡚
ࡽᩍᮦ࡜ࡋ࡚ᢅ࠺సရ࡟㛵ࢃࡿ㈨ᩱ㞟ࡵࢆ⾜࠺
㐺ษ࡟⾲⌧ࡍࡿ⬟ຊࠊ┠ⓗ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ⓗ☜࡟ㄞࡳ࡜
ດຊࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢ๪ᩍᮦࢆ⏕ᚐ࡟ᥦ♧ࡋ࡚ࠊ
ࡿ⬟ຊࢆ⫱ᡂࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿࡟࠶ࡿ┠ⓗ
⪃࠼ࡉࡏࡓࡾࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊసရ࡟⯆࿡ࢆᣢࡓࡏࡿ
ࢆ㐩ᡂ࡛ࡁࡿ⎔ቃ࡟࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢᅵྎ࡟❧ࡗ࡚ࠊᅜ
ࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡿࠋᚭᗏࡋࡓᩍᮦ◊✲ࢆᶍᨃᤵᴗ
ㄒࡢᑓ㛛⛉┠ࢆᏛࡪࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ⮬ಙࢆᣢ
࡛⤒㦂ࡋ࡚࠾ࡅࡤࠊ⮬ಙࢆᣢࡗ࡚ᩍቭ࡟❧ࡘࡇ࡜
ࡗ࡚ᅜㄒᩍ⫱ࡢ࡛ࡁࡿᩍဨࢆ㣴ᡂ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
ᅜㄒࡢᩍဨචチྲྀᚓ࡟ᚲせ࡞⛉┠ࡣࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ
ࡲࡓࠊᤵᴗࢆ⾜࠺ሙྜ࡟ࠊ஦๓‽ഛࡢࡓࡵ࡟Ꮫ
㧗࠸ᑓ㛛ᛶࢆᣢࡗ࡚ㅮ⩏ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢⅬ࡟ࡘ
⩦ᣦᑟ᱌ࢆసᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㔜せ࡞సᴗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ≉
࠸࡚ࠊ୰ᩍᑂ⟅⏦ࡼࡾᩍ⛉ࡢᐇ㝿࡟༶ࡋࡓෆᐜ࡜
࡟ᤵᴗึᚰ⪅࡛࠶ࡿሙྜࡣࠊ᫬㛫ࡢ๭ࡾ᣺ࡾࠊⓎ
ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᛕ㢌࡟⨨ࡃࡼ࠺࡟࡜ࡢᥦゝࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ
ၥෆᐜ࣭ᯈ᭩ィ⏬ࡶྵࡵ࡚⣽࠿ࡃලయⓗ࡟グ㏙ࡋ
࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
࡚࠾ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀᮃࡲࡋ࠸ࠋᏛ⩦ᣦᑟ᱌࡟ࠊࠕ༢ඖタ
2012㸦ᖹᡂ 24㸧ᖺ 8 ᭶ࡢ୰ᩍᑂ⟅⏦ࠕᩍ⫋⏕
ᐃࡢ⌮⏤㸦ᩍᮦほ㸧ࠖࢆグ㏙ࡍࡿ㡯┠ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇ
άࡢ඲యࢆ㏻ࡌࡓᩍဨࡢ㈨㉁⬟ຊࡢ⥲ྜⓗ࡞ྥ
ࡢ᫬ᮇ࡟ࠊࡇࡢసရࢆᢅ࠺ࡢࡣఱᨾ࠿ࠋసရࢆ㏻
ୖ᪋⟇࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ ϩ㸬ᨵ㠉ࡢ᪉ྥᛶ ղᇶ♏චチ
ࡋ࡚ఱࢆ⏕ᚐ࡟ఏ࠼ࡓ࠸ࡢ࠿ࠋࡑࢀࡀ᫂☜࡟࡞ࡗ
≧㸦௬⛠㸧ࠖࡢ㡯࡛ࠊ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ
࡚࠸࡞࠸࡜ࠊᚰ࡟㡪ࡃᤵᴗࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
ᩍ⛉ࡸᩍ⫋࡟㛵ࡍࡿᑓ㛛ⓗ▱㆑ࡢಟᚓࢆ୰ᚰ࡟
85
஌ᢿɟ௑≝‫׎‬ᛖᅹ૙Ꮛඥ‒ ⃬ܱោႎਦ‫ݰ‬щ↝Ꮛ঺↚Ӽↀ↕⃬‒
ᒎ㛤ࡋࠊලయⓗ࡟ࡣ
ࠕᩍ⛉࡟㛵ࡍࡿᑓ㛛ⓗ⌮ゎࠖࢆ༑ศ㌟࡟௜ࡅ
㸱㸬㸴 ᩍ⛉࡜ᩍ⫋ࡢᯫᶫ
ࡿࠋࡑࡢ㝿ࠊᩍ⛉ࡢᐇ㝿࡟༶ࡋࡓෆᐜ࡜ࡍࡿ
㸱㸬㸴㸬㸯 ྠ୍ᢸᙜ⪅࡟ࡼࡿ㐃ᦠ࡜᥋⥆
ࡓࡵࠊࠕᩍ⛉࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࠖ࡜ࠕᩍ⫋࡟㛵ࡍ
ࡿ⛉┠ࠖࢆᯫᶫࡍࡿෆᐜࢆᒎ㛤ࡍࡿࠋ
➹⪅ࡣࠊ
ࠕᩍ⫋࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠕᩍ⫋ㄽࠖ
ࠕᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲࠖࢆࠊࠕᩍ⛉࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࠖ࡜ࡋ
ࡇ࡜ࡀせㄳࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠕᩍ⛉࡜ᩍ⫋ࡢᯫᶫࠖ࡟
࡚ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒࡢᩥἲࠖࠕ᪥ᮏㄒࡢ⾲⌧ࠖࢆᢸᙜࡋ࡚
ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊྠ⟅⏦ࡣࠕϪ㸬ᙜ㠃ࡢᨵၿ᪉⟇ 2㸬ᩍ
࠾ࡾࠊᩍ⛉࡜ᩍ⫋ࡢᯫᶫࢆព㆑ࡋ࡚ᤵᴗࢆᒎ㛤ࡍ
ဨ㣴ᡂࠊ᥇⏝࠿ࡽึ௵⪅ࡢẁ㝵ࡢᨵၿ᪉⟇ 㸦1㸧
ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
ᅜබ⚾❧኱ᏛࡢᏛ㒊࡟࠾ࡅࡿᩍဨ㣴ᡂࡢ඘ᐇ
ࠕᩍ⫋ㄽࠖ࡜ࠕᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲࠖࡢ࠸ࡎࢀࡶࠕᩍ
ձᩍဨ㣴ᡂ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢᨵၿࠖࡢ㡯࡟ࠊಟኈࣞ
⫋࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ୧᪉ࢆᢸᙜࡍࡿࡇ
࣋ࣝ໬ࡢ๓ᥦ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᏛ㒊ẁ㝵࡛ࠊᩍ⫋ᐇ㊶₇⩦
࡜ࡀࠕᩍ⛉࡜ᩍ⫋ࡢᯫᶫࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿ࡞࡝ࡢྲྀ⤌ࠖ
ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ࠊᚲせ࡞㈨㉁⬟ຊࡢ⫱ᡂࢆᚭᗏࡍࡿࡇ࡜
࡟ࡣᙜࡓࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ1 ᖺḟᚋᮇ࡟ṇᘧ࡟ᩍ
ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
⫋ㄢ⛬ᒚಟⓏ㘓ࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ2 ᖺḟ࠿ࡽᮏ᱁ⓗ࡟ᩍ⫋
ᩍ⛉࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᏛᰯᩍ⫱ࡢᩍ
⛉┠ࢆᒚಟࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿᏛ⏕࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ1 ᖺḟ
⛉ෆᐜࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ࠊᤵᴗෆᐜࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜
๓ᮇ࡟ࠕᩍ⫋ㄽࠖࢆᢸᙜࡍࡿព⩏ࡣ኱ࡁ࠸ࠋᤵᴗ
ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ౛࠼ࡤࠊ
ࠕᩍ⛉࡟㛵ࡍ
ᴫせ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ๓༙࡛ᩍ⫋ࡢព⩏ࠊᩍဨࡢᙺ๭ࠊ
ࡿ⛉┠ࠖᢸᙜᩍဨ࡜ࠕᩍ⫋࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࠖᢸ
⫋ົෆᐜࠊ᭹ົつᚊ࡞࡝ࢆᴫᣓⓗ࡟ㅮ⩏ࡍࡿࠋ➹
ᙜᩍဨ࡜ࡀඹྠ࡛ᤵᴗࢆ⾜࠺࡞࡝ࠊᩍ⛉࡜ᩍ
⪅ࡢᐇົ⤒㦂(9)ࢆ⏕࠿ࡋࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢෆᐜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚
⫋ࡢᯫᶫࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿ࡞࡝ࡢྲྀ⤌ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ
⤒㦂ㄯࢆ஺࠼࡚ࡼࡾ⌧ᐇⓗ࡟ヰࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
ᩍ⛉࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ
ࠕ
ࠗᩍ⛉࡟㛵ࡍࡿᑓ
ᚋ༙࡛ࡣࠊࡢࡕ࡟ᩍ⫋ㄢ⛬࡛Ꮫࡪࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ⛉┠
㛛ⓗ⌮ゎ࠘ࢆ༑ศ㌟࡟ࡘࡅࡿࠖࡇ࡜ࢆ᭱ึ࡟ồࡵ
࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᑟධⓗෆᐜࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆࠊᩍ⫋ㄢ⛬඲⯡
ࡿ୍᪉࡛ࠊࠕᏛᰯᩍ⫱ࡢᩍ⛉ෆᐜࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ࠊᤵ
ࡢぢ㏻ࡋࢆᣢࡓࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ௒᪥ⓗᩍ⫱ㄢ
ᴗෆᐜࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࠖࡀేࡏ࡚せㄳࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
㢟ࢆᩍဨࡢ❧ሙ࡛࡝࠺ᑐฎࡍࡿ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ウ㆟
ᩍဨࡢචチࢆྲྀᚓࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࠕᩍ⛉࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࠖ
ࡋࠊⓎ⾲ࡢᶵ఍ࢆタࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢయ㦂ࡀᅜㄒ⛉
࡜ࡣ࠸࠼ࠊ኱Ꮫࡢᑓ㛛⛉┠࡜ࡋ࡚㛤ㅮࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
ᩍ⫱ἲ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᶍᨃᤵᴗ࡟⏕࠿ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ2 ࡘ
⛉┠࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㧗࠸ᑓ㛛ᛶࢆᣢࡗ࡚ㅮ⩏ࡀࡉࢀࡿࡢ
ࡢ⛉┠ࡀྠ୍ᢸᙜ⪅࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㐃ᦠ࡜᥋⥆ࡀᅗࡽ
ࡣᙜ↛ࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡑࢀࡀᩍ⫋ㄢ⛬ࡢ
ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡢ⫱ᡂ࡟㈨ࡍࡿ࡜
⛉┠࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆព㆑ࡋ࡚ᒎ㛤ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶᚲせ
ゝ࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋ
࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ୍ぢ┦཯ࡍࡿせㄳࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᛮࢃࢀࡿࡢ
୍᪉ࠊࠕ᪥ᮏㄒࡢᩥἲࠖࠊࠕ᪥ᮏㄒࡢ⾲⌧ࠖࠊࠕᅜ
࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࠕᩍ⛉࡟㛵ࡍࡿᑓ㛛ⓗ⌮ゎࠖࢆ༑ศ㌟
ㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲࠖࢆᢸᙜࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊࠕᩍ⛉࡜ᩍ⫋ࡢ
࡟ࡘࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡢせㄳࡣࠊᩍဨ㣴ᡂࡢಟኈࣞ࣋ࣝ໬
ᯫᶫࢆ᥎㐍ࠖࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࢁ࠺ࠋ2 ᖺḟ๓ᮇ
ࢆ᝿ᐃࡋࡓ࠿ࡽ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋᩍᖌ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚
࡟ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒࡢᩥἲࠖࢆᚋᮇ࡟ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒࡢ⾲⌧ࠖࢆ
ᑓ㛛⛉┠࡜࠸࠺࿨⥘ࢆ࡜ࡽࢀ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ⮬ಙ
ᒚಟࡍࡿࠋᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞▱㆑ࢆ༑ศ࡟㌟࡟ࡘࡅࡿࡓࡵࠊ
ࢆᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡎࠊᵝࠎ࡞ศ㔝ࡢᣦᑟ࡟ᨭ㞀ࢆ
ᩥἲ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊྛရモࡢཎ⌮࣭ᛶ᱁ࢆᏛࡪࠋࡑ
ࡁࡓࡍࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾ࠿ࡡ࡞࠸ࠋ⟅⏦࡟࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ
ࡢ௚ᩗㄒ⾲⌧ࡸຓືモࡢ౑⏝ἲ࡞࡝ᩥἲࢆ⌮ゎ
ࠕᩍ⛉࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࠖᢸᙜᩍဨ࡜ࠕᩍ⫋࡟㛵ࡍࡿ
ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊᩥ❶ࡢṇ☜࡞ព࿡⌮ゎ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡆ
⛉┠ࠖᢸᙜᩍဨ࡜ࡀඹྠ࡛ᤵᴗࢆ⾜࠺࡞࡝ࡋ࡚ࠊ
࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡲࡓࠊᖹᏳ࣭ᐊ⏫࣭᫂἞ࡢ 3 ᫬௦ࢆ౛࡟
ᩍ⛉࡜ᩍ⫋ࡢᯫᶫࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ
࡜ࡾࠊᩥἲኚ໬࡟ࡼࡿ᪥ᮏㄒࡢኚ㑄ࢆࡳ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ
ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮃࡲࡋ࠸ࠋ
ࡉࡽ࡟ᩍ⫋ㄢ⛬ࡢ⛉┠࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆព㆑ࡋ࡚ࠊ㧗
86
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
➼Ꮫᰯ࡛Ꮫ⩦ࡋࡓྂ඾ᩥἲࡢ᚟⩦ࢆࡋࠊࡑࢀ࡟ᑐ
ࢇࠊࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ⛉┠ࢆ୍ே࡛ᢸᙜࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ୙ྍ⬟
ẚࡉࡏ࡚⌧௦ᩥἲࡢ☜ㄆࡶ⾜࠸ࠊᩍ⫱ᐇ⩦࡟ഛ࠼
࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢ௚ࡢ⛉┠࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊᢸᙜ⪅ྠኈࡀ
ࡿࠋ
ពぢ஺᥮ࢆ⾜࠸㐃ᦠ࡜᥋⥆ࢆᅗࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᚰ᥃ࡅ
࠿ࡘ࡚ࠊᩍ⫱ᐇ⩦⏕ࢆཷࡅධࢀࡿ❧ሙ࡟࠶ࡗࡓ
࡚࠸ࡃ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ
࡜ࡁࠊᐇ⩦⏕ࡢྂ඾ᩥἲ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᇶ♏ⓗ▱㆑ࡢஈ
ࡋࡉࢆᐇឤࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ㔠ᏊᏲẶࡶࠊᅜㄒ⛉
ᩍᖌᩍ⫱ࡢၥ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᐇ⩦⏕ࡢྂ඾ࡸᅜㄒ㸦Ꮫ㸧
࡟㛵ࡍࡿ▱㆑ࡢ࡞ࡉࡸஈࡋࡉࡢࡓࡵ࡟༑ศ࡞ᩍ
ᮦ◊✲ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊ㛫㐪ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࢆᩍ࠼ࡓࡾࠊ
Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡢ㉁ၥ࡟㐺ษ࡟ᑐฎ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࢣ࣮ࢫࡀࡼ
ࡃ࠶ࡿࠊ࡜ࡋ࡚Ꮫ⏕ࡢᏛຊపୗࡢၥ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᣦ
᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(10)ࠋࠕᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲ࡛ࠖྂ඾సရࢆ
ᩍᮦ࡟ᶍᨃᤵᴗࢆ⾜࠺㝿ࠊᩍ⛉࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠࡛࠶
ࡿࠕ᪥ᮏㄒࡢᩥἲࠖ࡜ࡢ㐃ᦠ࡛ࠊᏛ⏕ࡢᏛຊྥୖ
ࢆᅗࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ
ࡇࡢᤵᴗ࡛ᩥἲࡢ⩦ᚓࢆᚭᗏⓗ࡟⾜ࡗࡓୖ࡛
ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒࡢ⾲⌧ࠖࢆᒚಟࡍࡿ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ࡟࡞ࡗ
࡚࠸ࡿࠋᩍ⫋ㄢ⛬ࡢ⛉┠࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆព㆑ࡋ࡚ࠊ
ᅜㄒ⛉࡛ᣦᑟࡍ࡭ࡁ 3 㡿ᇦࠕヰࡍࡇ࡜࣭⪺ࡃࡇ࡜ࠖ
ࠕ᭩ࡃࡇ࡜ࠖ
ࠕㄞࡴࡇ࡜ࠖࡢ࠺ࡕࠊ
ࠕᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲࠖ
ࡢᤵᴗ࡛୙㊊ࡀࡕ࡜࠸ࢃࢀࡿ㡿ᇦ࡛࠶ࡿࠕ᭩ࡃࡇ
࡜ࠖࠕヰࡍࡇ࡜࣭⪺ࡃࡇ࡜ࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿෆᐜࢆ⩦ᚓ
ࡍࡿ(11)ࠋ᭩ࡁゝⴥ࡟㛵ࡍࡿලయⓗ࡞᪉ἲ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ
㛗ᩥࢆㄞࡳ࣏࢖ࣥࢺࢆᢲࡉ࠼࡚せ⣙ࡍࡿ⦎⩦ࠊ㏫
ࡢㄽ᪨ࢆᣢࡘ཯ㄽࢆᒎ㛤ࡍࡿ⦎⩦ࠊពぢࢆ᫂☜࡟
ࡋ࡚ㄽ᪨ࢆ⤌ࡳ❧࡚ࡿ⦎⩦࡞࡝ࢆ⾜࠺ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ
ලయⓗ࡞⦎⩦ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊᏛ⏕୍ேࡦ࡜ࡾࡢㄽ⌮ຊ
ࢆ㣴࠺࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊⓗ☜࡞᪥ᮏㄒ⾲⌧ཬࡧㄽᩥࡢᵓ
ᡂຊࢆ⫱ᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡲࡓࠊヰࡋゝⴥࠊ⪺ࡁゝⴥ
ࡢᏛ⩦࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᩗㄒ⾲⌧࡞࡝ࡢ௚ࠊⓎ㡢࣭࢔ࢡࢭ
ࣥࢺࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋࡓ㡢ኌᏛࡢせ⣲ࡶຍ࠼ࡿࠋ
ᩍ⫋ㄢ⛬ᒚಟ⪅ࡣࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ⛉┠࡛ᅜㄒ⛉ᩍᖌ
࡜ࡋ࡚ᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞▱㆑ࢆ⩦ᚓࡋࠊྠ᫬ᮇ࡟ᒚಟࡍࡿ
ࠕᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲ࡛ࠖࡢᶍᨃᤵᴗ࡟ά⏝ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜
࡛ࠊ4 ᖺḟ࡟⾜࠺ᩍ⫱ᐇ⩦࡟ഛ࠼ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟
ẁ㝵ࢆ㋃ࢇ࡛Ꮫࡪࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡀ㌟
࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࡃࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᩍ⫋࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠࡜ᩍ⛉
࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࡢ୧᪉ࢆᢸᙜࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ୍ேࡦ࡜
ࡾࡢᏛ⏕ࡢᡂ㛗ࢆぢᒆࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡶࡕࢁ
㸱㸬㸴㸬㸰ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒᩥ❶ἲࠖ࡜ࠕᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲࠖ
ࡢ౛
ᩍ⛉࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࡢࡦ࡜ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠕ᪥ᮏㄒᩥ❶
ἲ࡛ࠖࡣࠊ2 ᖺḟ๓ᮇ࡛ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒᩥ❶ἲϨࠖࡀ㛤
ㅮࡉࢀࡿࠋ⥲ྜᩥ໬Ꮫ⛉ࡢᚲಟ⛉┠࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶ
࠶ࡾࠊ27 ᖺᗘࡣ 32 ྡࡀᒚಟࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢᤵᴗ࡛ࡣࠊ
ㄽᩥࢆ᭩ࡃࡓࡵࡢᇶ♏࡜࡞ࡿ㐺ษ࡞᭩ࡁゝⴥࡢ
⩦ᚓࠊㄽ⌮ⓗᛮ⪃ຊࡢ⫱ᡂࠊㄽ᪨ࢆ᫂☜࡟ᵓᡂࡍ
ࡿຊࢆ㣴࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ᶆ࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᚋᮇ㛤ㅮࡢ
ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒᩥ❶ἲϩࠖࡣࠊᩍ⫋ㄢ⛬ᒚಟ⪅௨እࡣ㑅
ᢥ⛉┠࡜࡞ࡿࠋ௒ᖺᗘࡣ 12 ྡࡀᒚಟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒᩥ❶ἲϨࠖࡢᏛ⩦ࡢୖ࡟❧ࡗ࡚ࠊᩥᏛ◊
✲ㄽᩥࢆ᭩ࡃࡓࡵࡢᇶ♏Ꮫ⩦ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ලయⓗ࡟ࡣࠊⰰᕝ㱟அ௓ࡢࠗ⨶⏕㛛࠘ࢆ⣲ᮦ࡜
ࡋ࡚◊✲ㄽᩥࢆ᭩ࡃᤵᴗࡀᒎ㛤ࡉࢀࡿࠋᢸᙜ⪅࡟
ࡑࡢ⤊஢᫬ᮇࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓᚋࠊࠕᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲ࡛ࠖ
ࠗ⨶⏕㛛࠘ࢆᩍᮦ࡜ࡋࡓᶍᨃᤵᴗࢆ⾜࠺ࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ
࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒᩥ❶ἲࠖࡢᢸᙜ⪅ࡢពᅗࡍࡿᤵᴗ┠ⓗࠊ
ᤵᴗᴫせࢆ௨ୗ࡟グࡍ(12)ࠋ
ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒᩥ❶ἲϩࠖࡣࠊ◊✲ㄽᩥࢆ᭩ࡃࡓࡵ
ࡢᇶ♏⦎⩦ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿࠋࡑࢀ࡟ࡣࠊ
ࠕᩥᏛࠖࡢ◊✲ㄽᩥ࡟≉໬ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ
ᩥ⣔ࡢㄽᩥ඲⯡ࢆど㔝࡟ධࢀ࡚ࠊࡶࡗ࡜ࡶᇶᮏ
ⓗ࡞ࢫࢱ࢖ࣝࢆ㌟࡟ࡘࡅࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶
ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࡢ୍ᡭẁ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠕᩥᏛࠖࢆ⣲ᮦ࡜
ࡋ࡚ᢅࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ
ࠕ⨶⏕㛛ࠖࡶࡑࡢࡦ࡜ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ㄽᩥࢆ᭩ࡃࡓࡵࡢసရศᯒࡀࡲࡎᚲせࡔࡀࠊ
ୖグࡢ஦᝟ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊ࠿࡞ࡾᇶᮏⓗ࡞ศᯒࢆ୰ᚰ
࡜ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ㏫࡟࠸࠺࡜ࠊ㧗ᰯ⏕ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓ
ᤵᴗ࡟ᛂ⏝࡛ࡁࡿ㒊ศࡶከ࠸ࠋ
㸦ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊศ
ᯒ⮬య࡟ࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ㧗࠸ᑓ㛛ᛶࡣ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠼ࡿ㸧
࠙ศᯒࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢどⅬ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᏛ⏕࡟⪃࠼ࡉࡏࡓ
ࡇ࡜ࠚ
ձཎ඾ࠕ௒᫇≀ㄒࠖ࡜ࡢẚ㍑ศᯒ࡜ࡋ࡚
87
஌ᢿɟ௑≝‫׎‬ᛖᅹ૙Ꮛඥ‒ ⃬ܱោႎਦ‫ݰ‬щ↝Ꮛ঺↚Ӽↀ↕⃬‒
࣭ⰰᕝࡀࠊཎ඾௨ୖ࡟⨶⏕㛛࿘㎶࠾ࡼࡧ὜୰ࡢ
Ⲩᗫࢆᙉㄪࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ࡞ࡐ࠿ࠋ
࣭୺ேබࡀ᭱ᚋ࡟┐ࡴရ≀࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊⰰᕝࡀࠕ⪁
፠ࡢ╔≀ࠖࡔࡅࢆ㑅ࢇࡔࡢࡣ࡞ࡐ࠿ࠋ
࣭୺ேබࡢタᐃࢆࠊ
ࠕ┐ேࠖ࠿ࡽࠕୗேࠖ࡟ኚ࠼
ࡓࡢࡣ࡞ࡐ࠿ࠋ
ղ⪁፠ࡢᙺ๭࡟ࡘ࠸࡚
࣭ୗேࡀ᭱ึ࡟⪁፠ࢆࠕᝏࠖ࡜Ỵࡵ௜ࡅࡓࡢࡣ
࡞ࡐ࠿ࠋ
࣭ୗேࡀ⪁፠ࡢヰࢆ⪺ࡃែᗘ࠿ࡽࠊୗேࡢ࡝࠺
࠸࠺Ẽᣢࡕࡀㄞࡳྲྀࢀࡿ࠿ࠋ
ࡇࢀ࡟㛵㐃ࡋ࡚ࠊୗேࡢࠕ࡟ࡁࡧࠖࡢᣢࡘᙺ
๭࡟ࡶὀពࡍࡿࠋ
࣭⪁፠⮬㌟ࡢୗே࡟ᑐࡍࡿẼᣢࡕࡣ࡝࠺࠸࠺ࡶ
ࡢ࠿ࠋ
ࡍᩥ࠿ࡽே≀㸦ୗே㸧ࡢ㈨㉁ࡸᚰ⌮ࢆㄞࡳ࡜ࡿࡇ
࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿⅬࡸࠊே≀㐀ᆺ࡟㛵ࢃࡗ࡚ከ⏝ࡉࢀ࡚
࠸ࡿẚ႘⾲⌧࡞࡝ࠊᑠㄝࡢㄞࡳ᪉ࡢධ㛛ᩍᮦ࡜ࡋ
࡚ࡣࠊ㐺ࡋࡓ᮲௳ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡼ࠺(13)ࠋࠖ
࡜㏙࡭࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
☜࠿࡟ᑠㄝࡢㄞゎࡢᇶᮏ࡛࠶ࡿሙ㠃ࡸ≧ἣࠊⓏ
ሙே≀ࡢタᐃࡢᢲࡉ࠼᪉ࢆᏛ⩦ࡍࡿࡢ࡟㐺ࡋࡓ
ᩍᮦ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲࡢᶍᨃᤵᴗ࡛౑⏝ࡋ࡚
࠸ࡿࠊᅜㄒ⥲ྜ⌧௦ᩥ⦅㸦ᮾி᭩⡠㸧ࡢࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ
࡟ࡣᏛ⩦ࡢ┠ᶆ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ
㸦㸯㸧ヰࡢᒎ㛤࡟༶ࡋ࡚ࠊᥥ࠿ࢀࡓ᝟ᬒࡸస୰ே
≀ࡢᚰ᝟ࡢ᥎⛣ࢆㄞࡳ࡜ࡿࠋ
㸦㸰㸧ᑠㄝࢆㄞࢇ࡛⯆࿡࣭㛵ᚰࢆᣢࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࢆㄪ
࡭࡚Ⓨ⾲ࡋࠊㄢ㢟ࢆ᥈ồࡍࡿែᗘࢆ㌟࡟ࡘ
ࡅࡿࠋ
ึฟࠕ⨶⏕㛛ࠖ࡜ࡢ᭩ࡁ᪉ࡢ㐪࠸࡟ࡶὀពࡍ
ࡢ㸰ࡘࢆᣲࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ௨๓ࡣ㸦㸯㸧ࡢ┠ᶆࢆ㐩ᡂ
ࡿࠋ
ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ
ࠕㄞࡴࡇ࡜ࠖࡢࡳ࡟ຊⅬࢆ⨨ࡁࠊ
ࠕ⪁
ճ┐ே࡟࡞ࡿຬẼ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚
፠࡜ࡢฟ఍࠸࡟ࡼࡾኚ໬ࡋࡓୗேࡢᚰ⌮ࡢ᥎⛣
࣭ୗேࡢᚰ⌮ኚ໬ࢆ㏣࠸࠿ࡅ࡚ࡳࡿࠋ
ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ၿ࡟ࡶᝏ࡟ࡶᚭᗏࡋ࠼࡞࠸୙Ᏻᐃ࡞ே
࣭ୖグղ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃࠿ࡽࠊ⪁፠࡟ᑐࡍࡿࠕ౲⶜ࠖ
㛫ࡢጼࢆᥥࡁࠊ⏕ࡁࡿࡓࡵ࡟ㄡࡋࡶࡀᣢࡘ࢚ࢦ࢖
࡟ὀ┠ࡋ࡚⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡿࠋ
ࢬ࣒ࢆᥥ࠸ࡓసရ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜୺㢟ࢆࡲ࡜ࡵ࡚ࡇࡢ
ࡇࢀࡽࢆࠊ㉁␲ᛂ⟅ࡸᑠࢸࢫࢺⓗ࡞ࣉࣜࣥࢺ
༢ඖࢆ⤊࠼࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࠕ᥈ồᆺᤵᴗࠖ࡟ࡣ
ࢆ౑⏝ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊᏛ⏕࡟⪃࠼ࡉࡏࠊᩍဨࡀࡲ࡜
࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ㸦㸰㸧ࡢ┠ᶆ࡟฿㐩ࡍࡿᤵᴗᒎ㛤ࡀ࡞
ࡵࢆ⾜࠸ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ 600㹼800 Ꮠࡢᑠㄽᩥ࡟ࡲ
ࡉࢀ࡚ึࡵ࡚ࠕ᥈✲ᆺᤵᴗࠖࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ
࡜ࡵࡉࡏࠊῧ๐ࡋ࡚㏉༷ࡍࡿࠋㄽᩥ໬ࡉࢀࡓࡶ
࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊࠕ᪥ᮏㄒᩥ❶ἲ࡛ࠖᇵ
ࡢ࠿ࡽࠊᏛ⏕ࡢ㐍ᤖ≧ἣࢆぢ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ3㹼4 ᮏࡢ
ࡗࡓㄽ⌮ⓗᛮ⪃ຊࢆ⏕࠿ࡋ࡚ࠊ
ࠕ᭩ࡃࡇ࡜ࠖࡸࠕヰ
ᑠㄽᩥࢆసᡂࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡍࡇ࡜࣭⪺ࡃࡇ࡜ࠖࢆࠊᶍᨃᤵᴗ࡟ᑟධࡍࡿࡇ࡜
ࡀᚲせ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ
᪥ᮏㄒᩥ❶ἲࡣࠊᅜㄒࡢᩍဨࡢචチࢆྲྀᚓࡍࡿ
ከࡃࡢᩍᮦࢆ౑ࡗ࡚ᶍᨃᤵᴗࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆඃ
ࡓࡵࡢᚲಟ⛉┠࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊᮏᏛ⛉ࡢᑓ㛛⛉┠࡛
ඛࡍࡿ࡜ࠊࠕᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲࠖࡢᤵᴗෆ࡛ㄢ㢟ࢆぢ
ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊୖグࡢዴࡃ◊✲ㄽᩥࢆ᭩ࡃࡓࡵࡢᇶ♏⦎
ࡘࡅㄪ࡭⾲⌧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᏛ⩦ࡋ࡚࠿ࡽᶍᨃᤵᴗ
⩦ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋࡓ㧗࠸ᑓ㛛ᛶࢆᣢࡗ࡚ㅮ⩏ࡀࡉࢀ
ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ㞴ࡋࡃࠊࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ࡟࠶ࡿ㉁ၥ஦㡯ࢆ
࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࠗ⨶⏕㛛࠘ࡣࠊ㧗ᰯ 1 ᖺࡢᑠㄝᩍᮦࡢࠕᐃ
ࡇ࡞ࡍࡔࡅࡢᶍᨃᤵᴗ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࠕ᪥ᮏㄒᩥ
␒ࠖ࡜ゝࢃࢀࠊ㧗ᰯ࡟ධᏛࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ⏕ᚐࡓࡕ࡟ࠊ
❶ἲࠖࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᩍ⛉࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ◊✲
᭱ึ࡟ᑠㄝࡢㄞࡳ᪉ࢆᩍ࠼ࡿᩍᮦ࡜ࡋ࡚㛗ᖺᢅ
ㄽᩥࢆ᭩ࡃࡓࡵࡢᇶ♏⦎⩦ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓୖ࡛స
ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ⌮⏤࡜ࡋ࡚୸ᒣ⩏᫛Ặࡣࠊ
ရࢆࡼࡾ῝ࡃㄞࡳ㐍ࡵࠊ⮬ࡽ୺㢟ࢆ᥈✲ࡋࡓୖ࡛
ࠕẚ㍑ⓗ᫂ᛌ࡛ᢕᥱࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࣉࣟࢵࢺࠊ୺ே≀
ᶍᨃᤵᴗ࡟⮫ࡴࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠿ࡽࡣࠊ⏕ᚐ࡟⪃࠼
㸦ୗே㸧ࡢᚰ⌮ࡢ᥎⛣ࢆᅉᯝ㛵ಀ࡜ࡋ࡚㏲୍㏣࠺
ࡉࡏ⯆࿡ࢆᣢࡓࡏࡿෆᐜࡢᶍᨃᤵᴗ࡟ᑡࡋࡎࡘ
ࡇ࡜ࡢ࡛ࡁࡿᒎ㛤ࠊே≀㸦ୗே㸧ࡢ⾜ືࢆ࠶ࡽࢃ
ኚࢃࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋᏛ⏕ࡣࠊᑠㄽᩥࢆ௙ୖࡆࡿࡢ࡟኱
88
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
ኚⱞປࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡑࡢ࠾㝜
㸲㸬ᩍ⫋࡜ᩍ⛉ ⛉┠ࡢ㓄ᙜ
࡛㧗ᗘ࡞ᶍᨃᤵᴗࢆᒎ㛤ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࠊ2 ࡘࡢ
௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬⦅ᡂ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊᩍ⫋࡟㛵
⛉┠ࡀ 2 ேࡢᢸᙜ⪅ࡢඹྠ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㐃ᦠ࡜᥋⥆
ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࠊᩍ⛉࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࡢ㓄ᙜᖺḟ࡟࠶ࡓࡗ
ࡀᅗࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡢ㣴ᡂ࡟㈨
࡚ࡣࠊ4 ᖺ㛫ࢆ 5 ࡘࡢᮇ࡟ศࡅ࡚ᵓᡂࡋࠊࠕᐇ㊶
ࡍࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋ
ⓗᣦᑟຊࠖࢆ㌟࡟௜ࡅ࡚࠸ࡃ᪉ἲࢆ⪃ᐹࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ
௨ୗࠊᅜㄒ⛉ࢆ౛࡟ྲྀࡾࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢࡡࡽ࠸࡜ෆᐜ
ࢆ⾲࡟ࡋࡓࠋ
ᮇ
ࡡࡽ࠸
ෆᐜ
➨
୍
ᮇ
ᩍ⫋࡬ࡢពḧ
ྥୖᮇ㸦1 ᖺḟ
๓ᮇ㸧
࣭Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱ࡢᇶᮏࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࠋ
࣭ᩍ⫋ㄽ࣭Ꮫᰯࡢไᗘ➼ࡢᤵᴗ࡛ᩍဨᩍ⫱
࣭⫋ᴗே࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᩍဨ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ල
ࡢ⌮ᛕࡸṔྐ࣭ᛮ᝿ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧᏛᰯᩍ⫱ࡢ
యⓗ࡞࢖࣓࣮ࢪࢆ⋓ᚓࡋࠊᩍ⫋
ព⩏ࡸᩍဨࡢᙺ๭ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࠋ
ㄢ⛬࡛✚ᴟⓗ࡟Ꮫࡧࠊᩍဨࡢ㈨
࣭᪥ᮏྂ඾ᩥᏛྐࢆᏛ⩦ࡋࠊసရࡀ⏕ࡲࢀ
㉁࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼ࡿࠋ
ࡓ᫬௦⫼ᬒࡸྛ᫬௦ࡢ㢼಑⩦័࡞࡝ࢆ
Ꮫࡪࠋ
࣭᪥ᮏᩥᏛྐ㸦ྂ௦࣭୰࣭ྂ୰ୡ࣭
㏆ୡ㸧ࡢ඲యീࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࠋ
➨
஧
ᮇ
Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱⌮ゎ
ᮇ
㸦1 ᖺḟᚋᮇ㸧
࣭ࡇ࡝ࡶࡢᚰ㌟ࡢⓎ㐩ࢆ⌮ゎࡋࠊ ࣭ᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬ㄽ࣭ᚰ㌟ࡢⓎ㐩࡜Ꮫ⩦ㄢ⛬࡛ࠊ
≧ἣ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ⓗ☜࡞ุ᩿ࡀ࡛ࡁ
ࡇ࡝ࡶࡢⓎ㐩࡟ᛂࡌࡓᏛ⩦ᣦᑟࠊ⏕ᚐᣦ
ࡿᇶᮏⓗ࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ
ᑟࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࢆᏛࡪࠋ
ࢫ࢟ࣝࢆ㌟࡟௜ࡅࡿࠋ
࣭᪥ᮏ㏆௦ᩥᏛྐࢆᏛ⩦ࡋࠊ๓௦࡜ẚ㍑ࡋ
࡞ࡀࡽࠊᩥᏛྐࢆὶࢀ࡜ࡋ࡚ᢕᥱࡍࡿຊ
࣭᪥ᮏᩥᏛྐ㸦᫂἞࣭኱ṇ࣭᫛࿴㸧
ࢆ㣴࠺ࠋ
ࡢ඲యീࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࠋ
➨
୕
ᮇ
ᇶ♏ⓗᩍ⫱ᐇ
㊶ຊ㣴ᡂᮇ
㸦2 ᖺḟ๓ᮇ㹼
3 ᖺḟ๓ᮇ㸧
࣭ᩍ⫱ᐇ㊶࡟ᚲせ࡞ᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊ
ࢆ㌟࡟௜ࡅࠊከᵝ࡞ᩍ⫱ᐇ㊶ࢆ
⤒㦂 ࡍࡿ୰࡛ࡑ ࢀࢆ㧗ࡵ࡚ ࠸
ࡃࠋ
࣭ేタ୰Ꮫ࣭㧗➼Ꮫᰯ࡬ᤵᴗぢᏛ
࡟㉱ࡁࠊᏛᰯ⌧ሙ࡟࠾ࡅࡿほᐹ
ᐇ⩦ࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ
࣭ᑠㄽᩥࡢᇶ♏⦎⩦࡟ࡼࡾㄽ⌮ⓗ
࡞ᛮ⪃ຊ࣭ᵓᡂຊ࡞࡝ࢆ㣴࠺ࠋ
࣭᪥ᮏᩥᏛࡢⓎᒎⓗᏛ⩦࡜ࡋ࡚ࡼ
ࡾ῝࠸ㄞゎຊ࡜ᛮ⪃ຊࢆ㣴࠺ࠋ
࣭㐨ᚨᩍ⫱ࡢ⌮ㄽ࡜᪉ἲ࣭≉ูάືࡢ⌮ㄽ
࡜᪉ἲ࣭⏕ᚐᣦᑟㄽ࣭ᩍ⫱┦ㄯ➼࡛ࠊᏛ
⩦ᣦᑟࠊ⏕ᚐᣦᑟ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊ
ࢆ㣴ᡂࡍࡿࠋ
࣭ᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲ࡛⾜࠺ᶍᨃᤵᴗ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ
ྛᩍ⛉ࡢෆᐜ࡜ᣦᑟἲࢆ⩦ᚓࡍࡿࠋ
࣭ᩍ⫱┦ㄯ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸ᩍ⫱ᐇ㊶ㄢ㢟
ࢆ᥈ồࠊ⌮ゎࡍࡿࠋ
࣭௓ㆤ➼య㦂ࡢᐇ᪋
࣭᪥ᮏㄒᩥ❶ἲࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࡢᩥἲࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࡢ
⾲⌧ࠊ₎ᩥࠊ᪥ᮏࡢྂ඾࣭㏆௦ᩥᏛ➼ࡢ
ᤵᴗ࡛᪥ᮏㄒࡢ⾲⌧ࢆᏛ⩦ࡋࠊከࡃࡢస
ရࢆㄞࡳᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞▱㆑ࢆᚓ࡚ࠊᶍᨃᤵᴗ
࡟ࡘ࡞ࡆࡿࠋ
89
஌ᢿɟ௑≝‫׎‬ᛖᅹ૙Ꮛඥ‒ ⃬ܱោႎਦ‫ݰ‬щ↝Ꮛ঺↚Ӽↀ↕⃬‒
➨
ᅄ
ᮇ
➨
஬
ᮇ
Ⓨᒎⓗᩍ⫱ᐇ
㊶ຊ㣴ᡂᮇ
㸦3 ᖺḟᚋᮇ㹼
4 ᖺḟ๓ᮇ㸧
⮬Ⓨⓗ⮬ᕫ◊
㛑ᮇ㸦4 ᖺḟᚋ
ᮇ㸧
࣭ᩍ⫱ᐇ⩦࡟ྥࡅ࡚ࠊᩍ⛉ᑓ㛛⛉
┠ࢆᚭᗏⓗ࡟Ꮫ⩦ࡍࡿࠋ
࣭ᩍ⛉ᩍ⫱◊✲ࡢᤵᴗ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊྛᩍ⛉ࡢ
ᩍᤵἲࢆᏛࡪࠋ
࣭ᩍ⫱ᐇ⩦ࢆ⤒㦂ࡍࡿ୰࡛ࠊᩍဨ
࡜ࡋ࡚ᚲせ࡞㈨㉁⬟ຊࢆ⌮ゎ࣭
⩦ᚓࡍࡿࠋ
࣭1 ᖺḟ࠿ࡽᏛ⩦ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ᪥ᮏᩥᏛ
ࡸ୰ᅜᩥᏛ➼࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡉࡽ࡞
ࡿ◊㛑ࢆ✚ࡳࠊ୍ᒙࡢ῝໬ࢆᅗ
ࡿࠋ
࣭ᩍ⫱ᐇ⩦ࡢ஦๓ᣦᑟ
࣭᪥ᮏᩥᏛ◊✲ࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࣞࢺࣜࢵࢡࠊ୰ᅜ
ࡢᩥᏛ➼ࡢᤵᴗ࡛ᢅ࠺సရ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࢢ
࣮ࣝࣉࢹ࢕ࢫ࢝ࢵࢩࣙࣥࢆ⾜࠸ࠊᐇ㊶ຊ
ࢆ㣴࠺ࠋ
⮬ࡽࡢᩍ⫱ᐇ⩦ࢆ᣺ࡾ㏉ࡾࠊㄢ㢟
ࢆⓎぢࡋࠊ୙㊊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿຊࢆ㌟࡟
௜ࡅࡿດຊࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊᏛ
ࡧ⥆ࡅࡿ⣲ᆅࢆసࡿࠋ
࣭ᩍ⫋ᐇ㊶₇⩦࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊᒚಟ࢝ࣝࢸࢆ⏝
࠸࡚ࠊ௒୙㊊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿຊࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㌟
࡟௜ࡅ࡚࠸ࡃ࠿ࢆ᥈ồࠊᐇ㊶ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ
࣭༞ᴗ◊✲ࢆసᡂ
㸳㸬᪂ࡋ࠸Ꮫ⩦࣭ᣦᑟἲ ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛ
ࢽࣥࢢ
௨ୖࠊᩍဨࡢ㈨㉁࡜ࡋ࡚௒ồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠊࠕ
ᡂ 33㸧ᖺᗘࠊ㧗➼Ꮫᰯࡀ 2022㸦ᖹᡂ 34㸧ᖺᗘ௨
㝆࡟ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡿࠋ඲㠃ᨵᐃࡢ┠⋢ࡢࡦ࡜ࡘࡀࠕ㸿
㹊ࠖ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿᏛ⩦࣭ᣦᑟ᪉ἲࡢᑟධ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᑂ㆟఍ࡢὶࢀࢆ᳨ウࡍ
ཝࡋ࠸ᣮᡓࡢ᫬௦࡟࠾ࡅࡿᩍ⫱ࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࢆ୍
ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊࡑࡢᐃ⩏࡙ࡅࢆヨࡳࡓࠋ࠸ࡘࡢ᫬
ᒙ㐍ᒎࡋࠊᏊ࡝ࡶࡓࡕࡀࠊ⮬ᕫᐇ⌧ࢆᅗࡾࠊᖾ⚟
௦ࡶồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㈨㉁ࡢୖ࡟❧ࡗ࡚᫬௦ࡢኚ໬࡟
࡞⏕άࢆ㏦ࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ㢪࠺࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ㸿㹊࡟ࡘ࠸࡚
క࠸ồࡵࡽࢀࡿ⬟ຊࡀᚤጁ࡟ኚ㑄ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜
ㅎၥ࡟ࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋึࡵࡣࠊ⮬ศ࡛ၥ㢟ࢆⓎぢࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀ
ࠕఱࢆᩍ࠼ࡿࡢ࠿ࠖ࡜࠸࠺▱㆑ࡢ㉁ࡸ㔞ࡢᨵ
ࢆゎỴࡍࡿ⬟ຊࡀᐇ㊶ⓗ⬟ຊ࡜ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋḟ
ၿࡣࡶࡕࢁࢇࡢࡇ࡜ࠊࠕ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟Ꮫࡪࡢ࠿ࠖ
࡟ࡑࡢ⬟ຊ࡟ᛮ⪃ຊุ࣭᩿ຊ࣭⾲⌧ຊࡀຍ࠼ࡽࢀ
࡜࠸࠺ࠊᏛࡧࡢ㉁ࡸ῝ࡲࡾࢆ㔜どࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ
ࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠕ᥈ồᆺ࣭༠ാᆺࠖᤵᴗࡢ࡛ࡁࡿேᮦ
ᚲせ࡛࠶ࡾࠊㄢ㢟ࡢⓎぢ࡜ゎỴ࡟ྥࡅ࡚୺య
ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋࡑࡢ࿧ࡧ᪉ࡀ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽ
ⓗ࣭༠ാⓗ࡟ᏛࡪᏛ⩦㸦࠸ࢃࡺࡿࠕ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕
ࣥࢢ㸦௨ୗࠊ㸿㹊㸧࡜ゝࢃࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾࠊࡼࡾ
ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࠖ
㸧ࡸࠊࡑࡢࡓࡵࡢᣦᑟࡢ᪉ἲ
୺యⓗ࡟ࠊ⬟ືⓗ࡟ᤵᴗ࡟ཧຍࡉࡏࡿຊࡀせồࡉ
➼ࢆ඘ᐇࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ
ࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
⡆₩࡟ゝ࠼ࡤࠊ㸿㹊࡜ࡣࠊ༢࡞ࡿࠕ▱㆑ఏ㐩ᆺࠖ
2014㸦ᖹᡂ 26㸧ᖺ 11 ᭶ 20 ᪥ࠊୗᮧ༤ᩥ࣭ᩥ
ࡢᤵᴗ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᏊ࡝ࡶࡓࡕࡀ⬟ືⓗ࡟ᤵᴗ࡟ཧ
㒊⛉Ꮫ┦㸦ᙜ᫬㸧ࡣࠊ୰ᩍᑂ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠕึ➼୰➼
ຍ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ᤵᴗࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ࡟ྲྀࡾධࢀ࡚࠸ࡃ
ᩍ⫱࡟࠾ࡅࡿᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬ࡢᇶ‽➼ࡢᅾࡾ᪉࡟ࡘ࠸
Ꮫ⩦࣭ᣦᑟἲࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡍ࡛࡟ࠊ2012㸦ᖹᡂ
࡚ㅎၥࡋࡓࠋ
୰ᩍᑂࡣ⣙ 2 ᖺࢆ࠿ࡅ࡚ᑂ㆟ࡋ 2016
24㸧ᖺࡢ୰ᩍᑂ⟅⏦ࠕࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࡢᩍဨ࡟ồࡵࡽࢀ
㸦ᖹᡂ 28㸧ᖺᗘ࡟ࡣ⟅⏦ࡉࢀࡿぢ㏻ࡋ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡿ㈨㉁⬟ຊࠖࡢ㡯┠࡟ࠕㄢ㢟᥈ồᆺࡢᏛ⩦ࠊ༠ാ
ᩥ⛉┬ࡣ୰ᩍᑂࡢ⟅⏦ࢆཷࡅ࡚ࠊᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ࢆ
ⓗᏛࡧ࡞࡝ࢆࢹࢨ࢖࡛ࣥࡁࡿ⬟ຊࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ
඲㠃ᨵᐃࡍࡿணᐃ࡛ࠊḟᮇᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ࡣࠊᑠᏛ
඲ࡃ᪂ࡋ࠸ᤵᴗᙧែ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᏛ⩦ᣦᑟ
ᰯࡀ 2020㸦ᖹᡂ 32㸧ᖺᗘࠊ୰Ꮫᰯࡀ 2021㸦ᖹ
せ㡿࡟᫂☜࡟♧ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ௒ࡲ࡛ࡼࡾࡶᤵᴗ
90
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
ࡢ⤌ࡳ❧࡚ࢆࡼࡾ୍ᒙ᥈ồᆺࢆព㆑ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡟
࡝ࢆᏛࢇࡔ࡜࠸࠺ኌࡶከࡃ⪺࠿ࢀࡓࠋᢸᙜ⪅ࡀᮏ
ࡋ࡚࠸࠿࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ
㹕㹑࡛┠ⓗ࡜ࡋࡓࠊࠕᑐヰ࡟ࡼࡾࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡛ㄢ㢟
㸿㹊ࡣࡶ࡜ࡶ࡜ࠊ2012㸦ᖹᡂ 24㸧ᖺ 8 ᭶ࡢ୰
ࢆࢡࣜ࢔ࡍࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣᯝࡓࡏࡓࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ᩍᑂ⟅⏦ࠕ᪂ࡓ࡞ᮍ᮶ࢆ⠏ࡃࡓࡵࡢ኱Ꮫᩍ⫱ࡢ㉁
ࠕึᑐ㠃ࡢே࡜ࡢ⌧ሙ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࡣࠊᏛ⏕
ⓗ㌿᥮࡟ྥࡅ࡚ 㸫⏕ᾭᏛࡧ⥆ࡅࠊ୺యⓗ࡟⪃࠼
ࡢᏛᰯᩍဨࢆྵࡵࡓᑵ⫋άືࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࡣ♫఍࡟ฟ
ࡿຊࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿ኱Ꮫ࡬㸫࡛ࠖᥦゝࡉࢀࠊ኱Ꮫᩍ⫱
࡚࠿ࡽࡶ⏕ࡁࡿయ㦂࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࠖ࡜㏙࡭࡚࠾ࡽࢀ
࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⏝ㄒ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏᏛ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ◊
ࡿࠋ
✲࡜ᐇ㊶ࢆ✚ᴟⓗ࡟㐍ࡵ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱
ࠕ⮬ࡽయࢆື࠿ࡋࡓࡾࠊᛮ⪃ࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿᤵᴗࡢ
ἲ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ゝ࠼ࡤࠊᏛ⏕࡟ࡼࡾ୺యⓗ࡟⬟ືⓗ࡟
࡯࠺ࡀᐃ╔ᗘࡣୖࡀࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺㸿㹊ࡑ
ᤵᴗ࡟ཧຍࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᶍᨃᤵᴗ࡛
ࡢࡶࡢࡢព⩏ࢆぢฟࡍࡇ࡜ࡢ࡛ࡁࡓࡇࡢ௻⏬ࡣࠊ
ᢅ࠺ᩥᏛసရࢆ㸿㹊࡛Ꮫࡪ᪉ἲ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᶍ⣴
ᡂຌ࡟⤊ࢃࡗࡓࠋ࡜ࡲ࡝࠸࡞ࡀࡽࡶᰂ㌾࡟ཷࡅṆ
୰࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞୰ࠊࠕྂ඾ᩥᏛࢆ࢔ࢡࢸ
ࡵࡿ⣲ᆅࡀᏛ⏕࡟ࡣ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ▱ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࡛ࡁ
࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢ࡛Ꮫࡪࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᩥᏐࡀ㣕ࡧ㎸ࢇ
ࡓࠋ኱Ꮫᩍ⫱ࡢ㉁ⓗ㌿᥮ࢆồࡵ࡚ᥦゝࡉࢀࡓ㸿㹊
࡛ࡁࡓࠋ
࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௒ࠊព㆑ࢆኚ࠼࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢࡣᩍ
ࠕ᪥ᮏᩥᏛࡢ࠾ࡶࡋࢁࡉࢆᏛ⏕࡟ఏ࠼ࡓ࠸ࠊᏛ
ဨഃ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋᏛ⏕ࡀ⬟ືⓗ࡟Ꮫࡪᤵᴗࡢᅾࡾ᪉
⏕⮬㌟࡟ࡶࡗ࡜⪃࠼࡚࡯ࡋ࠸ࠋᏛ⏕࡟⮬ಙࢆࡘࡅ
ࢆ㏣ồࡋࠊᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲ࡛㸿㹊ᆺᶍᨃᤵᴗࡀ࡛ࡁ
࡚ࡶࡽ࠸ࡓ࠸ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟࡝࠺ࡋࡓࡽࡼ࠸ࡢ࠿ࠋࠖ
ࡿேᮦࢆ⫱ᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋࡑࢀ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡶࠊึ
࡜࠸࠺ඹ㏻ࡋࡓၥ㢟ព㆑ࢆᢪ࠼ࡓ 5 ኱Ꮫࡢᩍဨ
➼࣭୰➼ᩍ⫱࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢ
26㸧ᖺࠕ᪥ᮏᩥᏛ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭
ᆺᤵᴗࡣᙜࡓࡾ๓࡜ࡋ࡚ᐇ㊶ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛
࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢ◊✲఍ࠖࢆⓎ㊊ࡉࡏࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ 2015
࠶ࡿࠋᩍ⫋㐣⛬ࢆᒚಟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᏛ⏕ࡀࠊᑗ᮶ᩍ⫋
㸦ᖹᡂ 27㸧ᖺ 3 ᭶ 27 ᪥ࠊ኱Ꮫࡢᯟࢆ㉸࠼࡚᪥ᮏ
࡟ᑵ࠸ࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟ᩍ⛉ᣦᑟࠊ⏕ᚐᣦᑟࡢ⫋ົ࡟ⴭࡋ
ᩥᏛࡢᏛࡧࢆ┒ࡾ࠶ࡆࡓ࠸ࠊᏛ⏕ࡓࡕ࡟ᩥᏛࢆᏛ
࠸ᨭ㞀ࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊ
ࡧࡘࡘࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥຊࢆ㌟࡟ࡘࡅ࡚࡯ࡋ
ࡢᇶ♏ࢆ㣴ᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀㄢ⛬ㄆྍࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ
࠸ࠊ࡜࠸࠺㢪࠸࠿ࡽࠊ5 ኱Ꮫྜྠ࡛ࡢᩥᏛ࣮࣡ࢡ
኱Ꮫࡢ㈐ົ࡛࠶ࡿࠋୖ㏙ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᩍ⫋࡟
ࢩࣙࢵࣉ㸦௨ୗࠊ㹕㹑㸧ࢆ௻⏬ࡉࢀࡓ(15)ࠋཧຍࡋ
㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠࡜ᩍ⛉࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࡢᢸᙜ⪅ࡀ༠ຊ
ࡓ 27 ྡࡢᏛ⏕ࢆ 5 ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡟ศࡅࠊࢤ࣮࣒➼࡛
ࡋ࡚ࠊẁ㝵ࢆ㋃ࢇ࡛ᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡀ㣴ࢃࢀࡿࡼ࠺
⥭ᙇࢆ࡯ࡄࡋࡓᚋࠊ࣓࢖ࣥࡢ࣮࣡ࢡ࡛࠶ࡿḷ≀ㄒ
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
(14)ࡀࠊ2014㸦ᖹᡂ
ࡢసᡂ࡬⮫ࢇࡔࠋㄢ㢟ࡣࠕ㉳ࡁࡶࡏࡎᐷࡶࡏ࡛ኪ
ࠕ⥲ྜᩍ⫱ᢏ⾡ࠖࡣࠊḟᮇᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ࡢ࣮࢟
ࢆ࠶࠿ࡋ࡚ࡣ᫓ࡢࡶࡢ࡜࡚࡞ࡀࡵࡃࡽࡋࡘࠖࡢḷ
࣮࣡ࢻࠕ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢ↔Ⅼࠖ࡜㢟ࡋ
ࢆྵࢇࡔ≀ㄒࡢసᡂ࡜ࡑࡢ₇๻໬࡛࠶ࡿࠋྛ⮬ࡀ
࡚≉㞟ࢆ⤌ࡳᩍ⛉ู࡟㸿㹊ࡢᤵᴗࡢ࣏࢖ࣥࢺࢆ
ḷࡢゝⴥ࠿ࡽ᝿ീࢆᗈࡆࠊࡇࡢḷࡀャࡲࢀᚓࡿ⫼
⤂௓ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୰࡛ࡶ୰Ꮫᰯᅜㄒ⛉ࡢලయⓗᐇ㊶
ᬒࡸୡ⏺ほࢆ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࡋ࡚⬮ᮏࢆసࡾ๻ࢆసᡂ
౛ࢆ⤂௓ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ᩍ⛉ㄪᰝᐁᮡᮏ┤
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௚኱ᏛࡢᏛ⏕࡜ヰࡋྜࡗ࡚ࠊ
⨾Ặࡢヰ(16)ࡣࢃ࠿ࡾࡸࡍ࠸ࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊᮐᖠᕷ❧୰
࠾஫࠸ࡢከᵝ࡞࢖࣓࣮ࢪࢆࡦ࡜ࡘࡢసရ࡟ࡲ࡜
ኸ୰Ꮫᰯ➨ 3 Ꮫᖺࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ㸦ᖹᡂ 26 ᖺᗘ㸧ࢆ
ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃసᴗࡣᐜ᫆࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡛
⤂௓ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௨ୗ࡟ᴫ␎ࢆ㏙࡭ࡿࠋ
࠶ࡿࠋཧຍࡋࡓᏛ⏕ࡣࠊ␗ཱྀྠ㡢ࡲ࡜ࡵࡿ㞴ࡋࡉ
⏕ᚐࡢㄒᙡࢆ㇏࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᣦᑟ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ
ࢆㄒࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊពぢࢆฟࡋྜࡗ࡚ࢫࢺ࣮
ᚑ᮶ࡣࠊ㈨ᩱ㞟ࢆ➼ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊ㢮⩏ㄒࡸᑐ⩏ㄒࠊ
࣮ࣜࢆసࡗ࡚࠸ࡃ㐣⛬ࡣᴦࡋࡃࠊࡇࡢ㹕㹑࠿ࡽ࿴
ࡇ࡜ࢃࡊࡸ័⏝ྃ࡞࡝ࢆࡲ࡜ࡵ࡚Ꮫ⩦ࡉࡏࡿ᪉
ḷࡢゎ㔘ࡢከᵝᛶࠊゝⴥࡢຊࠊᩥᏛࢆᏛࡪព࿡࡞
ἲࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋຠ⋡ⓗ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ⏕ᚐࡀゝ
91
஌ᢿɟ௑≝‫׎‬ᛖᅹ૙Ꮛඥ‒ ⃬ܱោႎਦ‫ݰ‬щ↝Ꮛ঺↚Ӽↀ↕⃬‒
ⴥ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㛵ᚰࢆ㧗ࡵࠊ୺యⓗ࡟άືࡍࡿᏛ⩦࡟
ࢀࡤ࠸࠸࠿ࢆࠊᒚಟᏛ⏕࡜ヰࡋྜࡗ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ
࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋᮐᖠᕷ❧୰ኸ୰Ꮫᰯࡢᐇ㊶ࡣࠊᢸ
᪥ᮏㄒᩥ❶ἲ࡛ㄽᩥࡢࢸ࣮࣐࡜ࡋ࡚ฟࡉࢀࡓ 3
ᙜࡋࡓ᭶࡟ࡩࡉࢃࡋ࠸᝟ሗ㸦Ꮨ⠇➼࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿゝ
ࡘࡢどⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㡰ࢆ㏣ࡗ࡚ヰࡋྜࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡢ
ⴥ㸧ࢆྛ⏕ᚐࡀ㞟ࡵࠊࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡛ヰࡋྜ࠸࡞ࡀࡽ
ࡀ࠸࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠕ᭩ࡃάືࠖࡸࠕヰࡍάື࣭
࢝ࣞࣥࢲ࣮ࡢᙧ࡟ࡲ࡜ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃ࡜࠸࠺Ꮫ⩦άື
⪺ࡃάືࠖࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᶍᨃᤵᴗ࡟ᑟධࡉࡏࡿ࠿
࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ࢝ࣞࣥࢲ࣮ࡀ 1 ᖺࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ᩍᐊ࡟ᥖ♧
ࡶ᳨ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ⮬ศࡓࡕࡀヰࡋྜࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ
ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊㄒྃ࡬ࡢ⯆࿡㛵ᚰࡀᣢ⥆ࡉࢀࠊᐇ
ࡇ࡜ࢆࠊ௒ᗘࡣ⏕ᚐ࡟ࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࡢᏛ⩦ᣦᑟ᱌ࢆ
⏕ά࡟⏕ࡁ࡚ാࡃᅜㄒࡢ⬟ຊ࡜ࡋ࡚ᐃ╔ࡀᅗࡽ
సᡂࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ᪥ᮏㄒᩥ❶ἲ࡛Ꮫࡪഃ
ࢀࡿࠋẶࡣࠕࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᤵᴗࡀ㸿㹊ࡢࣔࢹࣝࡢࡦ
࡟࠶ࡗࡓᏛ⏕ࡣࠊᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲ࡛ࡣࠊᏛࡤࡏࡿഃ
࡜ࡘ࡜ࡋ࡚ព㆑ࡉࢀ࡚ࡼ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺
࡟❧ࡘࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢษࡾ᭰࠼ࢆୖᡭ࡟ࡉࡏࡿ
࠿ࠋࠖ࡜㏙࡭࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡿࠋẶࡢゝⴥ࠿ࡽࠊ㸿㹊࡜
ࡢࡀᢸᙜ⪅ࡢᙺ┠࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ඲ࡃ᪂ࡋ࠸ᴫᛕ࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ
௒ᚋࡶࠕᩍ⛉࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࠖࡢᢸᙜᩍဨ࡜ඹྠ
࡞ࡃࠊ௒ࡲ࡛ࡢᤵᴗ࡟ᑡࡋࡢᕤኵࢆຍ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡛
ࡋ࡚ࠊࠕ㸿㹊ᆺᶍᨃᤵᴗࠖࡢ࡛ࡁࡿேᮦࢆ⫱ᡂࡋ
⬟ືⓗᏛ⩦࡟࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࠋࡉࡽ࡟㸿㹊ࡣᏛ⩦
࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋᩍ⛉࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࡢᤵᴗ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ
᪉ἲࡢᅛᐃࡢᆺࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࠕࡇࢀ
㧗࠸ᑓ㛛ᛶࢆᣢࡗ࡚ㅮ⩏ࢆࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࠊࡑࢀࡀ
ࡀ㸿㹊ࡢࡦ࡜ࡘࠖ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࡶࡢࢆࠊᩍဨࡀ୺యⓗ
ᩍ⫋ㄢ⛬ࡢ⛉┠࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶព㆑ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࠊ
࡟⪃࠼ᐇ㊶ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆᏛ
ᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲࡢᶍᨃᤵᴗ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࡼ࠺ࠊᢸᙜᩍ
ࢇࡔࠋ
ဨ࡜㐃ᦠࢆᅗࡗ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ௒ồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᐇ
ࠗ⨶⏕㛛࠘ࢆ㸿㹊࡛Ꮫࡪ᪉ἲ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼࡚ࡳ
㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊ㣴ᡂ࡟ྥࡅ࡚ࠊᶍᨃᤵᴗࡢ඘ᐇࢆᅗࡾࠊ
ࡓ࡜ࡁࠊࠕ᪥ᮏᩥᏛ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢ◊✲
Ꮫ⏕ࡀᩍ࠼ࡿഃ࡟❧ࡗࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟㸿㹊ᆺࡢᤵᴗᒎ
఍ࠖࡀࠊྂ඾ᩥᏛࢆ㹕㹑ࡢᐇ㊶࡛Ꮫ⏕࡟⬟ືⓗ࡟
㛤ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡍࡿྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀࠊᅜ
ᩥᏛࢆᏛࡤࡏࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊୗேࡢᚰ⌮ࢆࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡟
ㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲᢸᙜ⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ᭱ࡶ㔜せ࡞ࡇ࡜࡛࠶
ศࡅ࡚ࢹ࢕ࢫ࢝ࢵࢩࣙࣥࡉࡏࡿ᪉ἲࡀᛮ࠸ᾋ࠿
ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋ
ࡪࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊึࡵ࠿ࡽࠕࡣ࠸ࠊ࡞ࡐୗேࡢᚰ࡟ࠊ
┐ே࡟࡞ࡿຬẼࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࡓࡢ࠿ࠊヰࡋྜ࠸ࡲࡋࡻ
௜グ
࠺ࠖ࡜ゝࡗ࡚ࡶࠊ✚ᴟⓗ࡞ពぢ஺᥮ࡣࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡔ
ᮏ✏ࢆᡂࡍ࡟࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒᩥ❶ἲࠖࡢᤵᴗ
ࢁ࠺ࠋ᪥ᮏㄒᩥ❶ἲࡢᢸᙜ⪅ࡀࠊᑠㄽᩥࢆ㸱ᮏ᭩
ෆᐜࢆ⤂௓ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆࡈᢎㅙࡃࡔࡉࡗࡓᮏᏛᩍ
࠿ࡏࡿ⌮⏤࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡇࡲ࡛Ꮫ⩦ࡋࡓୖ࡛ࢢ࣮ࣝ
ᤵᰗἑᏕᏊẶ࡟῝ࡃឤㅰ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡿḟ➨࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࣉ࣮࣡ࢡࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ࡞࠸࡜඘ᐇࡋࡓពぢࡣฟ࡞࠸ࠋ
ึࡵ࠿ࡽࠕࡣ࠸ࠊࡇࢀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࢹ࢕ࢫ࢝ࢵࢩࣙࣥ
ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠖ࡜࠸ࡗ࡚ᐇ⾜ࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡣࠊ୰࿡ࡢⷧ
ὀ
࠸ヰࡋ࠿ฟ࡚ࡇ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀ࡛ࡣ኱Ꮫࡢᤵᴗ࡜ࡣゝ
㸦1㸧ᆏ⏣௮㸸2007㸪ࠕ᪂ᩍ⫱ᇶᮏἲ඲ᩥ࡜ゎㄝࠖ㸪ᩍ
⫱㛤Ⓨ◊✲ᡤ㸪ᮾி㸪16 㡫
㸦2㸧ᆏ⏣௮Ặࡢࠕ௒ḟࡢᨵṇࡣࠊᪧἲࡢᨵṇ࡜࠸࠺ᙧ
ᘧࢆ᥇⏝ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࡶࠊ๓ᩥࢆྵࡴ඲㠃ᨵṇ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ
஦ᐇୖࠊ᪂ᩍ⫱ᇶᮏἲࡢไᐃ࡜࠸ࡗ࡚ࡶ㐣ゝ࡛ࡣ
࡞࠸ࠋ᪂ἲࡢไᐃ࡜࠸࠺ᙧᘧࢆ᥇⏝ࡏࡎᨵṇ࡜ࡋ
ࡓ⌮⏤ࡣࠊಶேࡢᑛཝࠊே᱁ࡢ᏶ᡂࠊᖹ࿴ⓗ࡞ᅜ
ᐙࠊ♫఍ࡢᙧᡂ࡜࠸ࡗࡓᪧᩍ⫱ᇶᮏἲࡢ⌮ᛕࢆ⥅
ᢎࡍࡿጼໃࢆෆእ࡟♧ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡔ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠖ
㸦๓ᥖࠊ
ࠗ᪂ᩍ⫱ᇶᮏἲ඲ᩥ࡜ゎㄝ࠘9 㡫㸧࡜࠸࠺
ㄽ࡟ᚑ࠸ࠊ
ࠕ᪂ᩍ⫱ᇶᮏἲࠖ࡜࿧ࡪࠋ
㸦3㸧Ლ⏣ཿ୍㸸2008㸪ࠗ᪂ࡋ࠸Ꮫ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ࡢ⌮ᛕ
࠼࡞࠸ࠋ࡜ヰࡉࢀࡓࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊከࡃࡢసရࢆ⣲ᮦ
࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ◊✲ㄽᩥࢆ᭩ࡃࡇ࡜ࡢᇶ♏⦎⩦ࢆ┠ⓗ࡟
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ᪥ᮏㄒᩥ❶ἲࡢᤵᴗ࡛ࠊࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࣮࣡ࢡ
ࡲ࡛ᐇ᪋ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ᫬㛫ⓗ࡟ཝࡋ࠸࡜ࡶゝࢃࢀ
ࡿࠋ
ࡑࡇ࡛ࠊᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲ࡛ࡑࡢᚋࢆᘬࡁཷࡅ࡚ࠊ
ࠗ⨶⏕㛛࠘ࢆ㸿㹊ᆺᤵᴗ࡟⤌ࡳ❧࡚ࡿ࡟ࡣ࡝࠺ࡍ
92
࡜ㄢ㢟࠘Ɇ☜࠿࡞Ꮫຊࢆᇶ┙࡜ࡋࡓ⏕ࡁࡿຊࢆɆ㸪
ᅗ᭩ᩥ໬♫㸪ᮾி㸪㸵㡫
㸦4㸧ᣋ✏㸸2010㸪㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛࡜₇๻ࠗ᪥ᮏᶫᏛ㤋
኱Ꮫ⣖せ➨ 9 ྕ࠘࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࢆ㣴࠺
᪉⟇࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࠕ₇๻ࠖࡀ᭱㐺࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᥦゝࢆ
ࡋࡓࠋ
㸦5㸧ụ⏣⪔స㸸2015㸪ࠕᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࢆ⫱ࡴ኱Ꮫࡢ
ᩍ⫋ㄢ⛬ࠖ ῱Ỉ♫㸪ᗈᓥ㸪6 㡫
㸦6㸧኱ᰗຬ἞࣭ᇼỤᛅ㐨࣭ᒣᮏఙ஧㸸2011㸪ࠕᅜㄒ
⛉ᣦᑟἲࡢᐇ㊶࡜㈨ᩱࠖ㸪཮ᩥ♫㸪ᮾி㸪11 㡫
㸦7㸧⏕㔝㔠୕㸸2008㸪ࠕᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲɆᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊ
ࡢᇶ♏ࡢ⫱ᡂࢆᚿྥࡋ࡚࣮ࠖ㸪ࠗⓑ㮆኱Ꮫᩍ⫱Ꮫ
㒊ㄽ㞟࠘㸰㸦㸯㸧㸪37-56 㡫
㸦8㸧ᮏᏛࡣᖹᡂ 21 ᖺᗘ࡟ᩍ⫋ㄢ⛬ࡀ᪂タࡉࢀࡓࠋ
ࠕᅜ
ㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲࠖࡣᖹᡂ 22 ᖺᗘࡼࡾ㛤ㅮࠋᒚಟ⪅ࡣ
22 ᖺᗘ㹼27 ᖺᗘࡢ㡰࡛ࠊ2࣭3࣭3࣭2࣭4࣭1 ྡ࡛
࠶ࡿࠋ28 ᖺᗘࡣ 4 ྡࡀ஦๓Ⓩ㘓ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
㸦9㸧ేタᰯࡢ୰Ꮫ࣭㧗➼Ꮫᰯࡢᅜㄒ⛉ࡢᑓ௵ᩍㅍ࡜ࡋ
࡚ࠊ᫛࿴ 61 ᖺᗘ࠿ࡽᖹᡂ 14 ᖺᗘࡲ࡛ࠊࡉࡽ࡟ྠ
ᰯࡢᰯ㛗࡜ࡋ࡚ᖹᡂ 15 ᖺᗘ࠿ࡽᖹᡂ 20 ᖺᗘࡲ࡛
ዊ⫋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ࠸࠺ࠋ
㸦10㸧㔠ᏊᏲ㸸1997㸪ࠕᩍ⫱⌧ሙ࠿ࡽぢࡓᩍᖌᩍ⫱ࡢ
ၥ㢟 ࠗᅜㄒ⛉ᩍᖌᩍ⫱ࡢㄢ㢟࠘ࠖ㸪᫂἞ᅗ᭩ 㸪
ᮾி㸪204 㡫
㸦11㸧㒔⠏つᖾ㸸2011㸪ࠕࠗᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲ࠘ࡢᤵᴗᨵ
ၿ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ୍⪃ᐹ Ɇ⚾❧኱Ꮫࢆ୰ᚰ࡟࣮ࠖ㸪
ࠗ᪩
✄⏣኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᩍ⫱Ꮫ◊✲⛉⣖せ࠘
ู෉ 19 ྕɆ1㸪
251-262 㡫
㒔⠏Ặࡣࠊ⌧ᅾࡢ୰Ꮫ࣭㧗ᰯࡢᅜㄒᩍ⫱࡟ᦠࢃࡿ
ከࡃࡢᩍᖌࡀࠕ୍⯡⣔ࡢ኱ᏛᏛ㒊Ꮫ⛉ࡢฟ㌟⪅࡛
࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࠊ㈈ᅋἲே᪥ᮏ⚾Ꮫᩍ⫱◊✲ᡤࡢㄪᰝ
ࢆཷࡅ࡚ࠊࠕᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲࠖࡢᤵᴗෆᐜࡀࠕㄞࡴ
ࡇ࡜ࠖ࡟೫ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࠕ᭩ࡃࡇ࡜ࠖࡸࠕヰࡍࡇ࡜࣭
⪺ࡃࡇ࡜ࠖࡢᣦᑟࡀ୙㊊ࡀࡕ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ
ᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
㸦12㸧ᮏ✏ࢆᡂࡍ࡟࠶ࡓࡾࠊᢸᙜ⪅࡟ࡲ࡜ࡵ࡚࠸ࡓࡔ
࠸ࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
㸦13㸧୸ᒣ⩏᫛㸸2012㸪ࠕⰰᕝ㱟அ௓ࠗ⨶⏕㛛࠘ࡢㄒ
ࡾࢆ࡝࠺ㄞࡴ࠿ࠖ ࠗᩥᏛࡀᩍ⫱࡟࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜࣮
ࠕㄞࡴࡇ࡜ࠖࡢ⛎㛋ࠑࡦࡸࡃࠒɆ࠘㸪 ᩍ⫱ฟ∧
ᰴᘧ఍♫㸪ᮾி㸪208 㡫
㸦14㸧ἲᨻ኱Ꮫ࣭㥖⃝኱Ꮫ࣭ᡂ㋣኱Ꮫ࣭ᮾிዪᏊ኱Ꮫ࣭
᪥ᮏ኱Ꮫࡢ㸳ࡘࢆ࠸࠺ࠋ
㸦15㸧ᑠᯘࡩࡳᏊ࣭୰ᔱ┿ஓ࣭୰㔝㈗ᩥ࣭ᖹ㔝ከᜨ㸸
2015㸪ࠕྂ඾ᩥᏛࢆ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢ࡛ࡲ
࡞ࡪࠖ㸪࣏࣮ࠗࣜࢺ➟㛫㹌o.㸳㸶࠘㸪➟㛫᭩㝔㸪
ᮾி㸪5-8 㡫
㸦16㸧ᮡᮏ┤⨾㸸2015㸪ࠕㄢ㢟ゎỴⓗ࡞ゝㄒάືࡢ୍
ᒙࡢ඘ᐇࢆᅗࡿࡇ࡜ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠖ㸪ࠗ⥲ྜᩍ⫱
ᢏ⾡࠘㸪ᑠᏛ㤋㸪ᮾி㸪24-25 㡫
㸨ࠕᩍ⫱ᇶᮏἲࠖࠕ୰ኸᩍ⫱ᑂ㆟఍ࠖࠕᩍ⫱⫋ဨ㣴ᡂᑂ
㆟఍ࠖࠕ⮫᫬ᩍ⫱ᑂ㆟఍ࠖࠕᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ࠖࡢᮏᩥ
ᘬ⏝ࡣࠊᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬࣮࣒࣮࣍࣌ࢪ࡟ࡼࡿࠋ
㸨ᮏᏛࡢࠕᩍ⫋࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࠖࡢෆᐜグ㏙࡟㝿ࡋ࡚ࠊ
2015 ᖺᗘࡢࢩࣛࣂࢫࢆཧ⪃࡟ࡋࡓࠋ
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
93
஌ᢿɟ௑≝‫׎‬ᛖᅹ૙Ꮛඥ‒ ⃬ܱោႎਦ‫ݰ‬щ↝Ꮛ঺↚Ӽↀ↕⃬‒
Japanese Language and Literature Teaching Methodology
ʊA study of Nurturing Practical Teaching Abilitiesʊ
Kazue Hattori≍
1
⁅⁠⁡⁢⁥⁛⁥‒ As teachers of elementary and secondary levels, our mission is to guide children to
discover issues and solve them by themselves in order to cultivate children to become
self-fulfilled, as well as contribute to society by extending their abilities and potential while
cooperating and collaborating with people through life. Teachers with practical teaching
abilities, those who are able to provide guidance to students through the stages of development of children, are currently in demand.
However, it is not easy for university students, those who desire to be teachers, to acquire practical teaching abilities naturally through working in future educational environments. The base of practical teaching abilities should be nurtured for four years in university. The university provides the instruction for “the subjects related to teacher teaching” and “the courses related to certain subject areas” by dividing the four-year course into
five stages in order to acquire practical teaching abilities. This study will examine the
purpose and content of each of the five stages and consider the importance of a trial lesson,
which is introduced in “Japanese Language and Literature Teaching Methodology” ( instructed by the author ) to learn practical teaching abilities.
In addition to this, this study will refer to “Active Learning,” a method of instruction
that encourages children to learn independently, which is currently proposed to be introduced to elementary and secondary education.
äääääääääääääääää‒
Key words‒……………………………………………………
Practical Teaching Abilities, the Subjects Related to Teacher Teaching,
Japanese Language and Literature Teaching Methodology, Trial Lesson, Active Learning
Ფ1 Faculty of Liberal Arts kaichi International University
KAICHI INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Bulletin No.15
95
ჽဋ̲ɟ≝‫ܖݱ‬ఄ↚ⅹↀ↺јௐႎ↙ሥ৙ಏ֥ਦ‫ݰ‬ඥ↚↓ⅳ↕↝ᎋ‫‒ݑ‬
‫إ‬ԓ∝᝻૰
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌‒
‫ܖݱ‬ఄ↚ⅹↀ↺јௐႎ↙ሥ৙ಏ֥ਦ‫ݰ‬ඥ↚↓ⅳ↕↝ᎋ‫‒ݑ‬
᪦ಏ੉ಅ↗ᡲઃↆ⇝⇟⇬∆҄ↄ↻↎јྙႎሥ৙ಏ֥૙Ꮛ૾ඥ‒
ჽဋ‒ ̲ɟ1
≕≓≓≘࠰≗உⅺ↸ྵ‫↖↭נ‬௥ࠊ૙Ꮛ‫ۀ‬Ճ˟↚ѮѦ≏ࠊϋ≗≕ఄ↝‫ܖݱ‬ఄӏ↢ɶ‫ܖ‬ఄ≕≓ఄ≏᭗
ሁ‫ܖ‬ఄ≔ఄ↝᪦ಏ૙Ꮛ↚↓ⅳ↕ਦ‫ݰ‬яᚕ⇁ⅹↂ↙→↕ⅼ↎⅛ↂ↝≔≓࠰᧓↖‫⇁←↎↱↘܇‬ӕ↹ࠇⅾ
࿢‫ٻ↞ؾ‬ⅼⅾ‫̖͌≏↹↾٭‬ᚇⅻ‫ٶ‬ಮ҄≏᪦ಏ෇ѣ↚ⅱ↕↸↻↺଺᧓↞Ҟถↆ↕ⅳ↺⅛↌↝ɶ↖≏↷
↹ჺ଺᧓↖૙Ꮛјௐⅻɥⅻ→↎ਦ‫૾ݰ‬ඥ↚↓ⅳ↕ᎋ‫⅛↺ↈݑ‬
‒ இИ↚଺᧓↝̅ⅳ૾⇁ᙸႺↈ⅛‫෇↝←↎↱↘܇‬ѣ⇁ↇ→ⅾ↹↗ᚇ‫≏↗↺ↈݑ‬໯ᬛ↙ѣⅼⅻᙸⅷ↕
ⅾ↺⅛↌↝໯ᬛ⇁ોծↈ↺ↂ↗↚↷→↕≏ጀ፼଺᧓⇁࠰᧓ૠҗ଺᧓‫ↈ↳ف‬ↂ↗ⅻ↖ⅼ↺⅛ഏ↚јௐ
ႎ↙ܱោ↗ↆ↕ձⅤ̿᪦⇁ज़ↇ↕≆ॖԛ↝ⅱ↺ؕᄽጀ፼⇁ⅹↂ↙ⅵⅥղⅤ̾⅝↝‫ڌ‬ඥӼɥ૙Ꮛ૾ඥ
ોծⅥճⅤ⇝⇟⇬∆҄ↄ↻↎ӳ‫ڌ‬ਦ‫ݰ‬ඥⅥմⅤ⇙∙⇕∞∑↝ጀ፼૾ඥ∝∁∞∑μ˳⇁ɥ৖↚᪪ⅺ↊
↺૾ඥⅥյⅤቇҥ↙⇟⇙⇈∐∞⇭⇉∙⇖૾ඥⅥնⅤਦੱↈ↺ᐯЎ↝‫⇁ۋ‬ᐯЎ↝Ⴘ↖ᙸ↕≆ज़ↇ↕Ⅵ
շⅤ๫‫ڌ‬ᎍⅺ↸ᩉ↻↎‫ئ‬৑↖Ꭾⅳ↕↮↺Ⅵո࣭չⅤ᪦ಏ↝੉ಅ↗↝ᡲઃⅥ⇁ܱោ‫إ‬ԓ⅛
‒ ↂ↻↸↝ܱោ‫إ‬ԓ⇁↱↗↚ჺ଺᧓↖૙Ꮛјௐ⇁ɥↁ↺↎↰↝φ˳ႎ૾ඥ↳И࣎ᎍ↝јௐႎਦ‫ݰ‬
૾ඥ↚↓ⅳ↕‫↝↱↘܇‬ᐻԛ᧙࣎⇁᭗↰↺↗↗↱↚≏ᐯ↸᪦ಏᘙྵↈ↺↷↼ↂ↢ⅻ˳ज़↖ⅼ↺૙Ꮛ૾
ඥ⇁⇝⇟⇬∆҄ↆ↎⅛
äääääääääääääääääääää‒ ⇓∞∕∞⇯‒ ääääääääääääääääääää
‫ܖݱ‬ఄ ᣿ሥಏ֥ ஙሥಏ֥ ৙ಏ֥ јௐႎਦ‫ݰ‬ඥ
ࡣࡌࡵ࡟
኱ࡁࡃኚࢃࡗࡓࠋ⛉Ꮫ࡜♫఍ࡢ㐍Ṍ࡟క࠸ᩍ⫱
ࡢ᪉ἲࡸෆᐜࡶኚ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋேࠎࡢ౯್ほࡶ
㸰㸮㸮㸳ᖺ㸲᭶࠿ࡽ⌧ᅾࡲ࡛᯽ᕷᩍ⫱ጤဨ఍
࡟໅ົ㸪ᕷෆ㸲㸰ᰯࡢᑠᏛᰯཬࡧ୰Ꮫᰯ㸰㸮ᰯࠊ
㧗➼Ꮫᰯ㸯ᰯࡢ㡢ᴦᩍ⫱࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᣦᑟຓゝࢆ࠾
ࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ
ࡶኚࢃࡗࡓࠋ≉࡟ᨺㄢᚋ࡟࠾ࡇ࡞ࢃࢀࡿ㔠⟶ࢡ
ࣛࣈࡸ྿ዌᴦࢡࣛࣈࡢάືࡶ㸯㸮ᖺ๓࡟ẚ࡭࡚
኱ࡁࡃኚ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡇࡢ㸯㸮ᖺ㛫࡛Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡓࡕࢆྲྀࡾᕳࡃ⎔ቃࡣ
‒
ࡼࡾ୍ᒙከᵝ໬ࡍࡿ୰㸪㡢ᴦᩍ⫱࡟ᑐࡍࡿホ౯
⚾ࡓࡕࡀ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㔠⟶ࢡࣛࣈࡸ྿ዌᴦࢡࣛ
‒
2015 ࠰ 10 உ 13 ଐӖྸ
A Study on the Effective Teaching Method of Wind and
Percussion Instruments at Elementary schools.
*1 Shuichi Ishida
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖ⇪∞⇈∑∏⇿∐ ‒ܖٻ‬ᢿ
‒
ࣈࡢάືࡶ♫఍ࡢࢽ࣮ࢬ࡟࠶ࢃࡏ࡚ኚ࠼࡚࠸࠿
࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ
ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ⬟ຊࡢ⫱ᡂ㸪⮬ᕫ⾲⌧ຊ
96
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌
ࡢ⫱ᡂ㸪༠ㄪᛶࡢ⫱ᡂࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚㸪ឤᛶࢆ㧗ࡵ㸪
άື㈝⏝࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ഛရᴦჾ㉎ධ㈝ࡣᕷ㈝㸪ᴦ
ே㛫㛵ಀࢆᏛࡪࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ྿ዌᴦάືࢆ⦰ᑠ
㆕ࡸᾘ⪖ရ㈝➼ࡣಖㆤ⪅㈇ᢸ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᏛᰯ
ࡋ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡓࡕࡢᨺㄢᚋ
ࡀከ࠸ࠋ྿ዌᴦࢥࣥࢡ࣮ࣝ➼࡟ཧຍࡍࡿሙྜ㸪
ࡢάື᫬㛫ࡣ㝈ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ୰࡛㔠⟶ࢡࣛ
┴኱఍ࡲ࡛ࡣඣ❺ࡢ஺㏻㈝㸪ᴦჾ㐠ᦙ㈝ࡣᕷ㈝
ࣈࡸ྿ዌᴦࢡࣛࣈࡢάືࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠸㸪ᩍ⫱ຠᯝ
࡛඲㈝⏝ࡢ㸴๭⛬ᗘ⿵ຓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ┴኱఍௨ୖ
ࢆ࠶ࡆࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࡼࡾຠ⋡ⓗ࡞ᩍ⫱᪉ἲࢆ⪃࠼
ࡢ኱఍࡟㐍ࢇࡔሙྜࡣ஺㏻㈝㸪ᴦჾ㐠ᦙ㈝㸪ᐟ
࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ
Ἡ㈝ࡣ኱఍ฟሙඣ❺࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪࡯ࡰ඲㢠ᕷ㈝
ඣ❺ࡀ⟶ᡴᴦჾ࡟⯆࿡ࢆᣢࡕ㸪㡢ᴦࡢࡍࡤࡽ
࡛⿵ຓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡋࡉࢆ⌮ゎࡋ࡚⮬ࡽᴦჾࢆ₇ዌࡋࡓ࠸࡜࠸࠺ព
᯽ᕷᩍ⫱ጤဨ఍࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᣦᑟయไࡣᣦᑟㄢᢸ
ḧࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ௚ᩍ⛉ࡢᩍ⫱ຠᯝࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡇ
ᙜ㸪㏻ᖖࡢ㡢ᴦᤵᴗ➼㸪ᣦᑟ୺஦㸦㡢ᴦᢸᙜ㸧
࡜࡟ࡶࡘ࡞ࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡀᩍဨ࡟ᣦᑟࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺せㄳゼၥࠋᩍဨ,ඣ❺⏕
㸰㸮㸮㸳ᖺ࠿ࡽ⌧ᅾࡲ࡛㸪⚾ࡀᑠᏛ⏕࡟࠾ࡇ
ᚐ࡟┤᥋ᣦᑟࢆ⾜࠺ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣝࢧ࣏࣮ࢺไᗘ
࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓᵝࠎ࡞ᣦᑟ࡛㸪ẚ㍑ⓗ▷᫬㛫࡛ຠᯝ
(ྛᏛᰯ࠿ࡽᩍ⫱ጤဨ఍ᣦᑟㄢ࡟㟁ヰ࡛┤᥋౫
ࡀ࡛ࡓࡶࡢ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࡑࡢᩍ⫱᪉ἲࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋ
㢗㸪ᣦᑟ᪥ࡢ᪥᫬ࢆㄪᩚࡍࡿ㸧ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣝࢧ࣏࣮ࢺไᗘࡣᑠᏛᰯ㸲ᖺ⏕ึᚰ
㸯᯽ᕷ❧ᑠᏛᰯ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⟶ᡴᴦჾᩍ⫱ࡢ
⌧≧
㸰㸮㸯㸳ᖺ㸷᭶㸯᪥⌧ᅾ㸪᯽ᕷ❧ᑠᏛᰯ㸲㸰
ᰯ඲ඣ❺ᩘࡣ㸰㸯㸳㸰㸳ேࠋࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ྿ዌᴦࢡ
ࣛࣈ㸪㔠⟶ࢡࣛࣈ࡟ᡤᒓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿඣ❺ᩘࡣ㸯㸷
㸴㸰ே࡛඲ඣ❺ᩘࡢ⣙㸷ࣃ࣮ࢭࣥࢺ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᯽
ᕷ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ≉タࢡࣛࣈ࡟ධ㒊࡛ࡁࡿࡢࡣ㸲ᖺ
⏕௨ୖ࡛㸪㸲ᖺ⏕㸴㸳㸯ே㸪㸳ᖺ⏕㸴㸱㸷ே㸪
㸴ᖺ⏕㸴㸵㸰ே࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
᯽ᕷ❧ᑠᏛᰯ㸲㸰ᰯ୰㸪྿ዌᴦࢥࣥࢡ࣮ࣝ➼
࡟ཧຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᏛᰯࡣ㸱㸰ᰯ࡛᯽ᕷ❧ᑠᏛᰯࡢ
⣙㸵㸴ࣃ࣮ࢭࣥࢺ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
᯽ᕷ⊂⮬࡛⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿඣ❺ࡢ₇ዌⓎ⾲ᶵ఍ࡣ
㸳᭶࡟ࠕ࠿ࡋࢃᕷẸⱁ⾡⚍ࠖ
㸦๓ᖺᗘࢥࣥࢡ࣮ࣝ
➼࡛≉࡟ඃ⚽࡞ᡂ⦼࡛࠶ࡗࡓᏛᰯࡀཧຍ࡛ࡁࡿ
㸯㹼㸰ᰯ⛬ᗘ㸧
ࠊ㸴᭶࡟ࠕ᯽ᕷᑠ୰㧗➼Ꮫᰯ㡢ᴦ
ࣇ࢙ࢫࢸ࢕ࣂࣝࠖ㸦౛ᖺ,ᑠᏛᰯ㸲㸰ᰯ㸪୰Ꮫᰯ
㸰㸮ᰯ㸪ィ㸴㸰ᰯ୰㸪ᕼᮃไ࡛㸱㸮ᰯ⛬ᗘࡀཧ
ຍ㸧ࠊ㸯㸮᭶࡟ࠕ᯽ᕷᑠ୰Ꮫᰯ㡢ᴦⓎ⾲఍ࠖ㸦㸲
᪥㛫࡛᯽ᕷ❧ᑠ୰Ꮫᰯ㸴㸰ᰯࡍ࡭࡚ࡀཧຍ㸧ࡀ
࠶ࡿࠋ
⪅ࡢᣦᑟࡸ㸳㸪㸴ᖺ⏕ࡢࢯࣟࡸྜዌᣦᑟࡶ┤᥋
⾜࠺ࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࢥࣥࢡ࣮ࣝ➼ࡢ㑅᭤ࡸᣦ᥹ἲ࡟ࡘ
࠸࡚ࡶ࢔ࢻࣂ࢖ࢫࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࠋ
ࡲࡓ㸪ẖᖺ㸴᭶࡟㸰᪥㛫ྛᏛᰯ࠿ࡽᕼᮃ⪅ࢆ
ເ㞟㸪ᕷෆ၏୍ࡢᕷ❧㧗➼Ꮫᰯ྿ዌᴦ㒊ࡢ⏕ᚐ
࡜ྜྠ⦎⩦ࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦᯽ᕷᩍ⫱ጤဨ఍
ᩥ໬ㄢ୺ദ㸧
ࠋࡇࢀࡣ㸪
ࠕ᯽ሿࠖ࡜ࡼࡤࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪
྿ዌᴦ㸪㔠⟶ࣂࣥࢻࡢᇶ♏⦎⩦ࡸྜዌ⦎⩦ࢆ࠾
ࡇ࡞࠺ࠋ㧗ᰯ⏕ࡀᑠᏛ⏕ࡢᣦᑟࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࡇ࡜
࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᑠᏛ⏕ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪㧗ᰯ⏕ࡶࡇࡢࠕ᯽
ሿࠖ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚኱ࡁࡃᡂ㛗ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࣐ࣥࢶ࣮࣐
ࣥࡢ⦎⩦ࡸࣃ࣮ࢺ⦎⩦㸪ࡑࡋ࡚ྜዌࠋᑠᏛ⏕ࡀ
▐ࡃ㛫࡟㧗ᰯ⏕ࡢ㡢Ⰽ࡟㏆࡙࠸࡚࠸ࡃࠋ㸰᪥┠
ࡢ᭱ᚋ࡟ᡂᯝⓎ⾲࡜ࡋ࡚ࢥࣥࢧ࣮ࢺࢆᑠᏛ⏕㧗
ᰯ⏕ྜྠࡢྛࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡈ࡜࡟࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࠋ
㸦ྛࢢࣝ
࣮ࣉࡣᑠᏛ⏕⣙㸲㸮ே㸪㧗ᰯ⏕⣙㸲㸮ே࡛ᵓᡂ㸪
౛ᖺ㸲ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ⛬ᗘ㸧ࠋࡑࡢ௚㸪᯽ᕷࡣࠕ㒊άື
ᣦᑟ⪅ὴ㐵஦ᴗࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ྛᴦჾࡢᑓ㛛ᐙࢆྛᏛ
ᰯ࡟ὴ㐵ࡋ࡚㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡟┤᥋ᣦᑟࡶ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗ
࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
97
ჽဋ̲ɟ≝‫ܖݱ‬ఄ↚ⅹↀ↺јௐႎ↙ሥ৙ಏ֥ਦ‫ݰ‬ඥ↚↓ⅳ↕↝ᎋ‫‒ݑ‬
᯽ᕷ❧ᑠᏛᰯ≉タ䜽䝷䝤䠄྿ዌᴦ䞉㔠⟶䠅άື≧ἣㄪᰝ䛻䛴䛔䛶
Ꮫᰯྡ ேᩘ 䠐ᖺ
㻝
㻞
㻟
㻠
㻡
㻢
㻣
㻤
㻥
㻝㻜
㻝㻝
㻝㻞
㻝㻟
㻝㻠
㻝㻡
㻝㻢
㻝㻣
㻝㻤
㻝㻥
㻞㻜
㻞㻝
㻞㻞
㻞㻟
㻞㻠
㻞㻡
㻞㻢
㻞㻣
㻞㻤
㻞㻥
㻟㻜
㻟㻝
㻟㻞
㻟㻟
㻟㻠
㻟㻡
㻟㻢
㻟㻣
㻟㻤
㻟㻥
㻠㻜
㻠㻝
㻠㻞
䠑ᖺ
ᑠᏛᰯ
ᮾ㛵ᮾ
⟶ᴦྜ 㼀㻮㻿䝁 䝞䞁䝗 㻺㻴㻷䝁
྿ዌᴦ
྿ዌᴦ
ዌ䝁䞁 䞁䜽䞊 䝣䜵䝇 䞁䜽䞊
䠒ᖺ 䝁䞁䜽
䝁䞁䜽
䝔䝇䝖
䞊䝹
䝹
䝔䜱䝞
䝹
䞊䝹
䝹
㻡㻟
㻣㻡
㻠㻥
㻢㻣
㻢㻠
㻟㻥
㻡㻜
㻠㻝
㻣㻞
㻣㻜
㻝㻢
㻡㻞
㻡㻞
㻡㻞
㻟㻣
㻣㻣
㻢㻢
㻢㻜
㻠㻠
㻠㻥
㻢㻟
㻟㻥
㻟㻥
㻠㻟
㻝㻠
㻞㻤
㻡㻥
㻠㻝
㻠㻥
㻠㻟
㻢㻟
㻞㻞
㻢㻢
㻠㻥
㻠㻟
㻝㻥
㻝
㻡㻤
㻟㻜
㻝㻥
㻟㻣
㻡㻞
㻝㻡
㻞㻢
㻝㻟
㻞㻜
㻞㻟
㻝㻢
㻞㻠
㻝㻜
㻟㻤
㻟㻜
㻡
㻞㻝
㻝㻤
㻝㻢
㻥
㻞㻜
㻝㻡
㻣
㻝㻥
㻝㻜
㻞㻞
㻝㻜
㻝㻟
㻝㻠
㻠
㻝㻜
㻝㻡
㻝㻝
㻝㻤
㻝㻟
㻝㻣
㻢
㻞㻞
㻝㻤
㻞㻝
㻝㻜
㻜
㻝㻡
㻝㻞
㻠
㻝㻞
㻞㻥
㻞㻝
㻞㻤
㻞㻝
㻞㻣
㻝㻟
㻝㻜
㻝㻜
㻝㻞
㻝㻞
㻝㻣
㻠
㻝㻟
㻝㻣
㻞㻡
㻝㻟
㻞㻢
㻞㻠
㻞㻢
㻝㻝
㻝㻤
㻞㻜
㻝㻢
㻝㻞
㻝㻞
㻣
㻢
㻞㻣
㻞㻞
㻝㻣
㻝㻠
㻞㻞
㻢
㻞㻜
㻝㻢
㻝㻜
㻟
㻜
㻞㻝
㻣
㻥
㻝㻞
㻝㻞
㻝㻣
㻞㻝
㻝㻡
㻞㻜
㻞㻤
㻝㻟
㻝㻢
㻝㻥
㻞㻞
㻞㻟
㻣
㻝㻤
㻝㻣
㻝㻝
㻝㻡
㻟㻝
㻞㻣
㻞㻣
㻝㻠
㻞㻝
㻞㻝
㻝㻟
㻝㻠
㻝㻣
㻟
㻝㻞
㻝㻣
㻤
㻝㻠
㻝㻢
㻞㻠
㻝㻜
㻞㻠
㻝㻡
㻝㻞
㻢
㻝
㻞㻞
㻝㻝
㻢
㻝㻟
㻝㻝
㻝㻥㻢㻞
㻢㻡㻝
㻢㻟㻥
㻢㻣㻞
䕿
䕿
䕿
䕿
䕿
䕿
䛭䛾௚
᪥ᮏᏛᰯྜዌ䝁䞁䜽䞊䝹
䕿
⟶ᴦჾྜዌ䝣䜵䝇䝔䜱䝞䝹
䕿
䕿
䕿
䕿
䕿
䕿
䕿
䕿
䕿
䕿
䕿
䕿
䕿
䕿
䕿
䕿
䕿
䕿
䕿
䕿
䕿
䕿
䕿
䕿
䕿
䕿
༓ⴥ┴྿ዌᴦ㐃┕㻢㻜࿘ᖺグᛕ₇ዌ఍
䕿
䕿
䕿
䕿
᪥ᮏᏛᰯྜዌ䝁䞁䜽䞊䝹
䕿
䕿
䕿
䕿
䕿
䕿
䕿
98
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌
࣭㔠⟶ࢡࣛࣈ㸪྿ዌᴦࢡࣛࣈඣ❺࡬ࡢ࢔ࣥࢣ
࣮ࢺㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ
㸦1㸧ఱࢡࣛࣈ࡛ࡍ࠿ࠋ
㔠⟶ࢡࣛࣈ 37% ྿ዌᴦࢡࣛࣈ 63%
㸦2㸧1 ᪥ࡢ⦎⩦᫬㛫ࢆᩍ࠼࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠋ
1 ᫬㛫௨ෆ 11% 1 ᫬㛫 30 ศ௨ෆ 65% 2 ᫬㛫௨ୖ 24%
㸦3㸧㸯㐌㛫ࡢ⦎⩦ᅇᩘࡣఱᅇ࡛ࡍ࠿ࠋ
1 ᅇ 0% 2 ᅇ 0% 3 ᅇ 1%
4 ᅇ 24% 5 ᅇ௨ୖ 75%
㸦4㸧ᅵ᪥⚃᪥ࡢ⦎⩦ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ࠿ࠋ
ᅵ᭙᪥ 31㸣 ᪥᭙᪥ 5㸣 ⚃᪥ 2㸣 ࡞ࡋ 62㸣
㸦5㸧྿ዌᴦࢥࣥࢡ࣮ࣝ࡟ฟሙࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ࠿ࠋ
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ 76% ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ 24%
㸦6㸧㒊㈝ࡣ㞟ࡵ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ࠿ࠋ
㞟ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ 6% 㞟ࡵ࡚࠸࡞࠸ 94%
㸦7㸧㡢ᴦࡢᤵᴗࡣᴦࡋ࠸࡛ࡍ࠿ࠋ
ࡣ࠸ 96% ࠸࠸࠼ 4%
㸦8㸧
ࠕ࠸࠸࠼ࠖ࡜⟅࠼ࡓேࡣ࡝ࢇ࡞⌮⏤࡛ࡍ࠿ࠋ
㸦」ᩘᅇ⟅ྍ㸧
ḷࡀ࡬ࡓࡔ࠿ࡽ 31 ே
ḷ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀࡁࡽ࠸ࡔ࠿ࡽ 18 ே
࢜ࣥࢳࡔ࠿ࡽ 15 ே
㡢➢ࡀㄞࡵ࡞࠸࠿ࡽ 16 ே ࣮࢚࢜࣎ 13 ே ࣇ࢓ࢦࢵࢺ 11 ே ࢡࣛࣜ
ࢿࢵࢺ 226 ே ࣂࢫࢡࣛࣜࢿࢵࢺ 11 ே ࢧ
ࢵࢡࢫ 274 ே ࢔ࣝࢺࢧࢵࢡࢫ 122 ே ࢸ
ࢼ࣮ࢧࢵࢡࢫ 89 ே ࣂࣜࢺࣥࢧࢵࢡࢫ 36
ே ࢺࣛࣥ࣌ࢵࢺ 249 ே ࢥࣝࢿࢵࢺ 206
ே ࣍ࣝࣥ 173 ே ࢔ࣝࢺ࣍ࣝࣥ 141 ே
ࢺ࣮ࣟࣥ࣎ࣥ 173 ே ࣮ࣘࣇ࢛ࢽ࢔࣒ 96
ே ࢳ࣮ࣗࣂ 123 ே
ࡑࡢ௚ 86 ே
ࡑࡢ௚
ࣂ࢖࢜ࣜࣥ 28 ே ⍆ 18 ே 㟁Ꮚ࢜ࣝ࢞ࣥ
10 ே ࢠࢱ࣮ 4 ே ࣮࣋ࢫ 3 ே ࢠࢱ࣮
3 ே ࣁ࣮ࣉ 2 ே ࢥࣥࢺࣛࣂࢫ 2 ே ᘻ
ᴦჾ 2 ே ࢚ࣞ࢟ࢠࢱ࣮ 2 ே ࢘ࢡࣞࣞ 2
ே ࢻ࣒ࣛ 2 ே ࢔ࢥ࣮ࢹ࢕࢜ࣥ 1 ே ࢜
࢝ࣜࢼ 1 ே ࢜ࣝ࢞ࣥ 1 ே ࢝ࢫࢱࢿࢵࢺ
1 ே ࣃ࢖ࣉ࢜ࣝ࢞ࣥ 1 ே ࣁ࣮ࣔࢽ࢝ 1
ே ࿴ᴦჾ 1 ே ࿴ኴ㰘 1 ே
㸦11㸧Ꮫᰯ௨እ࡛㡢ᴦࢆ⩦ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ࠿ࠋ
⩦ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ 38% ⩦ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ 62%
㸦12㸧⩦ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⟅࠼ࡓேࡣఱࢆ⩦ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲ
ࡍ࠿ࠋ
㸦」ᩘᅇ⟅ྍ㸧
ࣆ࢔ࣀ 572 ே 㟁Ꮚ࢜ࣝ࢞ࣥ 81 ே
࿴ᴦჾ 29 ே ࡑࡢ௚ 63 ே
ࡑࡢ௚
ྜၐ 10 ே ࣂ࢖࢜ࣜࣥ 9 ே ࣇ࣮ࣝࢺ 8
ே ࢻ࣒ࣛ 7 ே ࢠࢱ࣮ 4 ே ḷ 4 ே
࢘ࢡࣞࣞ 2 ே ࢧ࢟ࢯࣇ࢛ࣥ 4 ே ࢺࣟࣥ
࣮࣎ࣥ 1 ே ᡴᴦჾ 1 ே ࣍ࣝࣥ 1 ே ᘻᴦჾ 1 ே ࢺࣛࣥ࣌ࢵࢺ 1 ே
ᴦჾࢆ₇ዌࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡬ࡓࡔ࠿ࡽ 7 ே
㸦9㸧㡢ᴦࡢᤵᴗ୍࡛␒ᴦࡋ࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞ࢇ࡛
ࡍ࠿ࠋ
㸦13㸧ሿ࡟࠿ࡼࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ࠿ࠋ
࠿ࡼࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ 38% ࠿ࡼࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ 62%
ḷࡗࡓࡇ࡜ 18%
࠿ࡼࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ
ᴦჾࢆ₇ዌࡋࡓࡇ࡜ 64%
Ꮫ⩦ሿ 269 ே බᩥ 92 ே ⱥㄒ 84 ே
ࡑࢁࡤࢇ 42 ே ⩦Ꮠ࣭᭩㐨 39 ே ⟬ᩘ 35 ே Ꮫ◊ 33 ே ỈὋ 30 ே ᅜㄒ 26
ே ࣂ࢚ࣞ 5 ே ࢺࣛ࢖ 5 ே ࢲࣥࢫ 5
ே ✵ᡭ 4 ே ᪂య᧯ 3 ே ࢸࢽࢫ 3 ே
ᑗᲦ 3 ே ♫఍ 2 ே ᐙᗞᩍᖌ 2 ே ࢳ࢔
ࢲࣥࢫ 2 ே 㔝⌫ 2 ே ྜẼ㐨 1 ே ࣎
࣮࢖ࢫ࢝࢘ࢺ 1 ே ࢯࣇࢺ࣮࣎ࣝ 1 ே ᪥⯙
1 ே ⓒே୍㤳 1 ே ⌮⛉ 1 ே ᅗᕤ 1
ே ๢㐨 1 ே ࢔ࢺ࢚ࣜ 1 ே ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ 1
ே ࢧࢵ࣮࢝ 1 ே ࣎ࢹ࢕࣮࣮࣎ࢻ 1 ே ᩱ
⌮ 1 ே ୍㍯㌴ 1 ே
㡢ᴦࢆࡁ࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ 18%
㸦10㸧ዲࡁ࡞ᴦჾࡣఱ࡛ࡍ࠿ࠋ㸦」ᩘᅇ⟅ྍ㸧
ࣜࢥ࣮ࢲ࣮ 488 ே
㘽┙ࣁ࣮ࣔࢽ࢝ 97 ே
ࣆ࢔ࣀ 485 ே
ᡴᴦჾ 453 ே
⟶ᴦჾ 965 ே
⟶ᴦჾ㸦」ᩘᅇ⟅ྍ㸧
඲࡚ 32 ே ᮌ⟶ᴦჾ 111 ே 㔠⟶ᴦჾ 133
ே ࣆࢵࢥࣟ 17 ே ࣇ࣮ࣝࢺ 338 ே
99
ჽဋ̲ɟ≝‫ܖݱ‬ఄ↚ⅹↀ↺јௐႎ↙ሥ৙ಏ֥ਦ‫ݰ‬ඥ↚↓ⅳ↕↝ᎋ‫‒ݑ‬
ಖ⟶ሙᡤฟධࡾཱྀ௜㏆࡟౑⏝㢖ᗘࡢᑡ࡞࠸ᡴ
㸰㸬▷᫬㛫࡛ᩍ⫱ຠᯝࢆୖࡆࡿࡓࡵࡢ᪉ἲ
ࡇࢀ࠿ࡽᣲࡆࡿ⦎⩦᪉ἲࡣ㸪᯽ᕷࡢࠕࣃ࣮ࢯ
ࢼࣝࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࠖ஦ᴗ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ᵝࠎ࡞Ꮫᰯࢆᣦᑟ
ຓゝࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪ຠᯝࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀ
ࡽࡢ⦎⩦ࢆ⥅⥆ࡋ࡚ᐇ㊶ࡋࡓᏛᰯࡣ㸪ࢥࣥࢡ࣮
ࣝ࡞࡝࡛ࡍࡤࡽࡋ࠸⤖ᯝ࡬࡜ࡘ࡞ࡀࡗࡓࡔࡅ࡛
ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪㒊άືࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚㸪ࡼࡾࡼ࠸ே㛫㛵ಀࢆ
⫱ࡴࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ࡜࠸࠺ሗ࿌ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࠕ኱
ษ࡞ࡇ࡜ࡣ㡢ᴦࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ே㛫ᩍ⫱ࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࠖ
࡛࠶ࡾ㸪Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡓࡕࡀᡂ㛗ࡋ㸪ᖾࡏ࡞ே⏕ࢆ㏦
ࡿࡓࡵࡢࠕ㒊άື࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᣦᑟ⪅⮬㌟ࡀ
┠ᶆ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ኱ษ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀ࠿ࡽ㏙
࡭ࡿࠕຠᯝⓗ࡞ᐇ㊶᪉ἲࠖࡣ㸪ᐇ㝿࡟▷᫬㛫࡛
ຠᯝࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ᑠᏛᰯࡢࢡࣛࣈάືࢆᣦᑟࡍࡿඛ⏕᪉࠿ࡽࡼ
ࡃᐤࡏࡽࢀࡿᝎࡳࡣḟࡢࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸ࠋ
ձ ⦎⩦᫬㛫ࡀᑡ࡞ࡃ࡚㸪࡝ࢇ࡞⦎⩦ࢆࡋࡓࡽࡼ
ᴦჾ➼ࡢ኱ᆺᴦჾࡀ⨨࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜ㸪ฟධཱྀ
௜㏆ࡀΰ㞧ࡋ࡚↓㥏࡞᫬㛫ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋࡑ
ࢀࡽࡢᴦჾࢆዟ࡬ᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡁฟධཱྀࢆ࡛ࡁࡿࡔ
ࡅᗈࡃ࡜ࡾ㸪㏻ᖖ౑⏝ࡍࡿᴦჾࢆಖ⟶ሙᡤࡢฟ
ධཱྀ௜㏆࡟ࡶࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟㸪ྜዌࡢ࡜ࡁ㡢
ᴦᐊ㸦ྜዌᐊ㸧ࡢฟධࡾཱྀ࠿ࡽ୍␒㐲࠸ሙᡤ࡟
㓄⨨ࡍࡿᴦჾࢆಖ⟶ሙᡤฟධཱྀ௜㏆࡟ಖ⟶ࡍࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓ㸪Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡓࡕࡢྜ⌮ⓗ࡞ື⥺ࢆ☜ㄆ㸪ࡑ
ࢀ࡟ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚Ᏻ඲࠿ࡘࡍࡳࡸ࠿࡟⛣ືࡍࡿ⦎
⩦ࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪‽ഛᚋ∦௜ࡅࡢ
᫬㛫ࡣ୕ศࡢ୍࡟▷⦰࡛ࡁࡓᏛᰯࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ㸯
ᅇࡢ⦎⩦ࡢ‽ഛᚋ∦௜ࡅ᫬㛫ࢆ㸯㸮ศ▷⦰ࡍࡿ
ࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ᖺ㛫࡟ࡍࡿ࡜㐌㸲᪥㸪ᖺ㛫㸰㸳
㐌࡛⦎⩦᪥ࡣᖺ㛫㸯㸮㸮᪥ࠋ㸯㸮ศ™㸯㸮㸮᪥
㸻⣙㸯㸴᫬㛫ࢆྜዌ⦎⩦࡟࠶࡚ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ
ຠᯝⓗ࡞ᐇ㊶᪉ἲձ
࠸࠿ࠋ
ղ ᴦ᭤ࢆ₇ዌࡍࡿ࡟ᙜࡓࡾ㸪࡝ࢇ࡞ࡇ࡜࡟Ẽࢆ
ࡘࡅࢀࡤࡼ࠸࠿ࠋ
㹼ಸ㡢ࢆឤࡌ࡚㸟ព࿡ࡢ࠶ࡿᇶ♏⦎⩦㹼
ࣁ࣮ࣔࢽ࣮ࢹ࢕ࣞࢡࢱ࣮ࢆά⏝ࡋ㸪ࢧ࢘ࣥࢻ
ᐇ㝿࡟㸪࡝ࡢࡃࡽ࠸ࡢ⦎⩦᫬㛫ࡀ࡜ࢀࡿࡢ࠿ࠋ
ࢺ࣮ࣞࢽࣥࢢ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪B‫ݟ‬dur ࡢ㡢㝵ࢆ㸪ప㡢Ѝ
౛࠼ࡤ A ᑠᏛᰯࡣḟࡢ㏻ࡾࡔࠋ
୰ప㡢Ѝ୰㡢Ѝ㧗㡢ࡢ㡰࡟㔜ࡡࡿ᪉ἲࢆ࡜ࡿᑠ
ᖹ᪥ ᮅ 7㸸25㹼8㸸00
Ꮫᰯࡀቑ࠼࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪⚾ࡀᣦᑟ࡟⾜
ᨺㄢᚋ 㐌࡟㸯ᗘ 15㸸15㹼17㸸00
ࡁጞࡵࡓ㡭ࡣ㸪௬࡟ࡇࡢ⦎⩦ࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡚
ࡑࡢ௚ 16㸸00㹼17㸸00
ࡶ㸪Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡓࡕࡀ⌮ゎࡋ࡚⦎⩦ࢆࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸஦
㸦10 ᭶㹼2 ᭶ࡢᨺㄢᚋࡣ࡯ࡰ⦎⩦ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㸧
ࡀከ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
ᅵ᭙᪥ 5㹼7 ᭶ 9㹼11 ᭶ ༗๓୰ࡢࡳ⦎⩦
ࡑࡇ࡛㸪ᑠᏛ⏕ࡢᏊ࡝ࡶࡓࡕ࡟ᢞࡆ࠿ࡅࡿࠋ
㸦᪥᭙⚃᪥ࡣ⦎⩦࡞ࡋ㸧
ࠕࡳࢇ࡞㹼㸟ⷧ࠸ịࡢୖ࡟஌ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࠶ࡿ㸽ࡶ
ࡋࡶ㸪ࡳࢇ࡞ࡢ┠ࡢ๓࡟ịࡢᙇࡗࡓ†ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜
㹼ࡲࡎࡣ᫬㛫ࡢ౑࠸᪉ࢆぢ┤ࡍ஦࠿ࡽ㹼
ᴦჾಖ⟶ሙᡤࡢᩚ⌮ᩚ㡻
Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡓࡕࡢື⥺☜ㄆ
⛣ື⦎⩦
ࡋ࡚ࠋࡳࢇ࡞ࡔࡗࡓࡽ㸪࡝ࢇ࡞㢼࡟ࡇࡢୖ࡟஌
ࡾࡲࡍ࠿㸽ࠖ
ࡇࡢ㉁ၥ࡟ᑐࡋ㸪Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡣ࡜ࡓࢇ࡟➗㢦࡟࡞
ࡿࠋ
ࠕࡣ࠸㸟ịࡀ๭ࢀ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ࡑࡗ࡜஌ࡾࡲࡍࠖ
㡢ᴦᐊ㸦ྜዌᐊ㸧࡟㞄᥋ࡍࡿᴦჾಖ⟶ሙᡤࡢ
ࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡇ࠺⟅࠼ࡿࠋ
ࠕࡌࡷ࠶ࡡࠊࡑ࣮ࡗ࡜஌ࡿ
ᩚ⌮ᩚ㡻ࡣ࡝ࡇࡢᏛᰯࡶᴫࡡᩚ↛࡜࠾ࡇ࡞ࢃࢀ
ࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࡑ࣮ࡗ࡜㡢ࢆ㬆ࡽࡍࢇࡔࡼࠖ
࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㒊ဨࡀ㸲㸮ྡࢆ㉸࠼ࡿᏛᰯ࡟࠾
ࢳ࣮ࣗࣂ࣭ࣂࣜࢺࣥࢧࢵࢡࢫ࣭ࣂࢫࢡࣛࣜࢿ
࠸࡚ࡣಖ⟶ሙᡤ࠿ࡽᴦჾࢆฟࡋ࡚⦎⩦ࡀጞࡲࡿ
ࢵࢺ࡞࡝ࡢప㡢⩌ࡀࡑࡗ࡜ B‫ࡢݟ‬㡢ࢆฟࡍࠋࡑ
ࡲ࡛࡟⣙㸯㸮ศ࠿࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ⦎⩦⤊஢ᚋ㸪ᴦ
ࡢᚋ࠿ࡽ୰ప㡢ࡀࡑࡗ࡜ධࡿࠋึࡵࡣᜥࡀධࡽ
ჾࢆಖ⟶ሙᡤ࡟∦௜ࡅ⤊ࢃࡿࡲ࡛࡟⣙㸯㸮ศࠋ
࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡾࡍࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪ࡇࡢゝⴥࡦ࡜ࡘ࡛Ꮚ࡝
100
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌
ࡶࡓࡕࡣ↓⌮࡞ࡃࢱࣥࢠࣥࢢࢆࡋ㸪୎ᑀ࡞ዌἲ
ዌ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ
࡬ኚᐜࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪
ࠕ㡢ࢆ㔜ࡡ࡚࠸ࡿឤぬࠖࡀ⮬
஺஫ዌࡢ᪉ἲ
↛࡜㌟࡟ࡘࡃࠋ
ࡲࡎ㸪ୖᡭ࡟྿ࡅࡿ㸴ᖺ⏕ A ࡉࢇ㸪ࡑࡋ࡚࠶
ࡇࢀࡀ࠺ࡲࡃ₇ዌ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡽ㸪ḟ
ࡲࡾ࠺ࡲࡃ྿ࡅ࡞࠸㸳ᖺ⏕ࡢ B ࡉࢇ࡜㸪࣌࢔ࢆ
࡟ࠕಸ㡢ࠖࢆព㆑ࡉࡏࡿࠋB‫ࡢݟ‬㡢ࢆ㔜ࡡ࡚࠸
⤌ࡲࡏࡿࠋ௚ࡢ㒊ဨࡣ┠㞃ࡋࢆࡋ࡚㸪஧ேࡢ㡢
ࡃሙྜࡣ㸪㸳ᗘୖࡢࠕF 㡢ࠖࢆ࢔ࣝࢺࢧࢵࢡࢫ
ࢆ⪺ࡁẚ࡭ࡿࠋ
࡞࡝ࡢᴦჾ࡛྿࠿ࡏ㸪ಸ㡢ࢆព㆑ࡉࡏࡿࠋ
ձ A ࡉࢇ㸦㸴ᖺ⏕㸧ࡀ࣡ࣥࣇ࣮ࣞࢬ྿ࡃࠋ
㸦㞴
࢔ࣝࢺࢧࢵࢡࢫࡀࠕF 㡢ࠖࢆ྿࠿࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶ⮬
↛࡜ಸ㡢ࡀ⫈ࡁྲྀࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࢀࡤ㸪ࡋࡵࡓࡶ
ࡢࠋᐇ㝿࡟ㄡࡶ྿࠸࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠕಸ㡢ࠖࡀ㡪ࡃࡇ
࡜࡟㸪Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡓࡕࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃᣦᑟ⪅ࡀ㦫ࡃጼ
ࡋ࠸᪕ᚊࡣ㸯ᑠ⠇ࢆ༢఩࡜ࡍࡿ㸧
ղ B ࡉࢇ㸦㸳ᖺ⏕㸧ࡀࡑࡢᚋ࡟ྠࡌࣇ࣮ࣞࢬࢆ
྿ࡃࠋ
ճ ࠕࡑࢀ࡛ࡣ㸪௒ࡢ₇ዌࡣ࡝ࡕࡽࡀ A ࡉࢇࡢ
ࡶ┠࡟ࡋࡓࠋ㡢⛬ࡀྜ࠼ࡤྜ࠺࡯࡝ࡓࡃࡉࢇࠕಸ
₇ዌࡔࡗࡓ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍ࠿㸽ࠖ
㡢ࠖࡣ㬆ࡾጞࡵࡿࠋᚋ࡟ࡇࡢ⦎⩦ࢆ⥅⥆ࡋ࡚࠾
ࡇࡢၥ࠸࡟Ṥ࡝ࡢᏊ࡝ࡶࡀ㸪㛫㐪࠼ࡎ࡟⫈ࡁ
ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓᣦᑟ⪅࠿ࡽ㸪
ࠕ࠶ࡢ᫬ࡣ㸪ಸ㡢ࡢࡁࡁ࡜
ᙜ࡚࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋ
ࠕึࡵࡀ A ࡉࢇࡔ࡜ᛮ࠺ࠋ㡢
ࡾࡀ࡛ࡁࡿᏊࡀᑡ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࡀ㸪௒࡛ࡣ඲
ࡀ㐪࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࠖ
ဨࡀಸ㡢࡟Ẽ࡙ࡅࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ㡢࡟ࡶ
ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡃ࠺ࡕ࡟㸪
ཌࡳࡀ࡛࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠖ࡜ࡢሗ࿌ࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
⮬↛࡜࠸࠸㡢ࡢ࡯࠺࡟ࡶ࠺୍ேࡢ㡢ࡣᐤࡗ
ࡲࡓ㸪㡢㝵⦎⩦ࡣᐇ㝿࡟ḷ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡸ㸪࣐࢘ࢫ
࡚ࡃࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸳ᖺ⏕ࡀ㸴ᖺ⏕ࡢ㡢࡟㏆࡙
ࣆ࣮ࢫ࡛㡢ࢆ㬆ࡽࡍࡇ࡜ࡶ㠀ᖖ࡟኱஦࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࠸࡚࠸ࡃࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࠕࣁ࣮ࣔࢽ࣮ࢹ࢕ࣞࢡࢱ࣮ Ѝḷ Ѝ࣐࢘ࢫࣆ
մ ࠕ࡛ࡣࡲࡓ⫈࠸࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡳࢇ࡞ࡣ┠ࢆ
࣮ࢫ(㔠⟶)Ѝḷ㸦ᮌ⟶㸧Ѝᴦჾࠖ࡜࠸࠺㡰␒࡛
ࡘࡪࡗ࡚ࠋ࡝ࡕࡽࡀ A ࡉࢇ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ
ࠖ
㡢㝵⦎⩦ࢆࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪㡢ࡢ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࡀ
㸳ศࡔࡅ࡛ࡶ☜ᐇ࡟㡢ࡀኚ໬ࡋ㸪࡝ࡕࡽࡀ㸴
ኌ࡜࡞ࡾ㸪࣐࢘ࢫࣆ࣮ࢫࡢ㡢࡜࡞ࡾ㸪ᴦჾࡢ㡢
ᖺ⏕࡛࠶ࡿ A ࡉࢇࡢ㡢࠿㸪ศ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸Ꮚ࡝
Ⰽ࡬࡜ࡘ࡞ࡀࡗ࡚ࡺࡃࠋࡇࡢ⦎⩦ࡶ࠿࡞ࡾࡢຠ
ࡶࡀ࡛࡚ࡃࡿࠋ
ᯝࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᑠᏛ⏕࡛ࡶࡍࡄ࡟㡢ࡀኚࢃࡗ࡚ࡺࡃ
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡓࡕࡀ⮬ศࡢ⪥ࢆࡓࡼࡾ
ࡢࡔࠋࡇࢀࢆẖ᪥ᑡࡋࡎࡘ⥆ࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪
࡟㸪࠸࠸㡢ࡢࠕࡲࡡࠖࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㸪ୖ㐩ࡢ㏆
㡢⛬ឤࡀ㘫࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ
㐨࡜ࡶゝ࠼ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᶵ఍ࡀ࠶ࢀࡤ㏆㞄ࡢ୰Ꮫ
⏕ࡸ㧗ᰯ⏕㸪ᑓ㛛ᐙࡢ⏕ࡢ㡢࡛ᑡࡋ࡛ࡶࠕ஺஫
ຠᯝⓗ࡞ᐇ㊶᪉ἲղ
㹼ಶࠎࡢዌἲྥୖ㹼
ᜥࡀධࡽࡎ㸪Ⰻ࠸㡢ࡀ࡛࡞࠸ሙྜ㸪ࣇ࣮ࣝࢺ
࡞࡝ࡢᑠࡉ࡞ᴦჾ࡛࠶ࢀࡤᗋ㠃࡟ᶓࡓࢃࡾ㸪㊊
ୖࡆࢆࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ྿࠸ࡓࡾ㸪㊊ࢆᗈࡆ๓ᒅࡳ࡟࡞
ࡾ⭡➽ࢆព㆑ࡋ࡚྿࠸ࡓࡾࡍࡿ࠺ࡕ࡟㸪ⰺࡢ࠶
ࡿ㡢࡬ኚ໬ࡍࡿࠋ
ࠕࡇࡢ⦎⩦ࢆẖᮅ⥆ࡅ࡚ࡸࡽࡏ
ࡓࡽ㸪ࣇ࣮ࣝࢺࡢ㡢ࡀኚࢃࡗ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠖ࡜ࡢ
ዌࠖࡀ࡛ࡁࢀࡤ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ຠᯝⓗࡔࠋ
ࠕ஺஫ዌࠖࡣ
CD ࡸ DVD ࡜࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡶ▷᫬㛫࡛Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡓ
ࡕࡀୖ㐩ࡋࡓࠋ
ͤὀ ஺஫࡟⦎⩦ࡉࡏࡿ๓࡟ࠊ࢔ࣥࣈࢵࢩ࣮ࣕ
ࡢ☜ㄆࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࠋ
྿ཱྀ࡟ᜥࡀධࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࠊୗ㢡ࡀࡋࢃ࡟
࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸࠿
࣐࢘ࢫࣆ࣮ࢫࡢ఩⨨ࡣṇࡋ࠸࠿
ሗ࿌ࡶཷࡅࡓࠋ
ࡶ࠺୍ࡘ㸪࡝ࡢᴦჾ࡟ࡶά⏝࡛ࡁ㸪୍␒ዲホ
࡛ຠᯝࡀୖࡀࡗࡓ࡜ࡢኌࡀ࠶ࡀࡗࡓࡢࡣࠕ஺஫
ຠᯝⓗ࡞ᐇ㊶᪉ἲճ
㹼ྜዌ⦅㹼
101
ჽဋ̲ɟ≝‫ܖݱ‬ఄ↚ⅹↀ↺јௐႎ↙ሥ৙ಏ֥ਦ‫ݰ‬ඥ↚↓ⅳ↕↝ᎋ‫‒ݑ‬
㹼ࠕࡌࡷࢇࡅࢇࡱࢇ࡛ࠖ⡆༢࡟ᥗࡵࡿ
͆ࢱ࢖࣑ࣥࢢ͇㹼
࣮ࢸ࢕࣮࢟ࣗࣞࢩ࡛ࣙࣥ₇ዌࡋ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ㸪⫈࠸
࡚࠸ࡿ᪉࡟ఏࢃࡿࡣࡎࡶ࡞࠸ࠋ
ᣦᑟ⪅ࡀᣦ᥹ࢆጞࡵࡿࠋᴦ᭤ࡀጞࡲࡿࡀฟࡔ
ࡲࡓ㸪ᙉᙅ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶࠕ࡝ࡢ㒊ศ࠿ࡽ㸪࡝ࡢ
ࡋࡀᥞࢃ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀࡼࡃ࠶ࡿࠋ
ࠕ࠸ࡘࡶ࠶ࢃ࡞࠸
ࡼ࠺࡟ࢡࣞࢩ࢙ࣥࢻࢆ࠿ࡅ࡚࠸ࡃࡢ࠿ࠖ࡞࡝ࢆ
ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ࡝࠺ࡋࡓࡽࡼ࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋࠖ
₇ዌ⪅࡟⣽࠿ࡃᥦ♧ࡋ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ㸪ࡲ࡜ࡲࡗࡓࠕ㡢ࠖ
ࡑࡇ࡛㸪ᑠᏛ⏕ࡢᏊ࡝ࡶࡓࡕ࡟ᢞࡆ࠿ࡅࡿࠋ
࡜࡞ࡗ࡚ఏ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ୙ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢺࣜࣝ࡞
ࠕࡳࢇ࡞㹼㸪ࡌࡷࢇࡅࢇ࡛ࡁࡿ㹼㸽ࡌࡷ࠶㸪ඛ
࡝ࡶྠࡌ㸪ఱᅇ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟₇ዌࡉࡏࡿࡢ࠿㸪୍
⏕࡜ࡌࡷࢇࡅࢇࢆࡋࡼ࠺ࠋᚋฟࡋࡋࡕࡷࡔࡵࡔ
㡢୍㡢ࡢ㡢ࡀࡋࡗ࠿ࡾ࡜࠶ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡞࡝㸪ᣦ
ࡼࠋࡌࡷࢇ㸪ࡅࢇ㸪ࡱࢇ㸟㸟ࠖ
ᑟ⪅ࡀᙉ࠸ពᚿࢆᣢࡗ࡚஺஫ዌࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡛Ꮚ
ᑠᏛ⏕ࡣࡌࡷࢇࡅࢇࡀᐇ࡟ᚓពࡔࠋᬑẁࣜࢬ
࡝ࡶࡓࡕࡣ኱ࡁࡃኚࢃࡗࡓࠋ
࣒ࡀࡎࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡀࡕ࡞Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡶ㸪࡞ࡐ࠿ࡌࡷ
ࢇࡅࢇࡔࡅࡣࢱ࢖࣑ࣥࢢⰋࡃᡭࢆᕪࡋฟࡍࠋ
ࡇࢀࢆᜥ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡆ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ
ࠕࡌࡷࢇࡅࢇࠖࡢࠕࡅ
ࢇ࡛ࠖᜥࢆ྾ࡗ࡚ࠕࡱࢇ࡛ࠖᜥࢆྤࡃࠋࡇࢀࢆ
⧞ࡾ㏉ࡍ࠺ࡕ࡟ᜥࢆ྾࠺ࢱ࢖࣑ࣥࢢ࡜ᜥࢆࡔࡍ
ࢱ࢖࣑ࣥࢢࡀྜࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࠋ
ᐇ㝿࡟ᴦჾ࡛㡢ࢆ㬆ࡽࡋࠕᜥࢆ྾࠺ࢱ࢖࣑ࣥ
ࢢࡶྜࢃࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠖ㡢ࡀᥞ࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ㌟య࡛ឤ
ࡌ࡚ࡺࡃࠋ
ࡇࡢᚋ㸪ᣦᑟ⪅ࡣ஦࠶ࡿࡈ࡜࡟ࠕࡌࡷࢇࡅࢇࠖ
ࢆྲྀࡾධࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡑ࠺ࡔࠋࢸ࣏ࣥࡢ㏿࠸᭤㸪㐜
࠸᭤ࠋ࡝ࢇ࡞᭤࡟ࡶࠕࡌࡷࢇࡅࢇࠖࢆព㆑ࡉࡏ
ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠕᜥࡢࢫࣆ࣮ࢻࠖ࡟ࡶࡘ࡞ࡀࡾ㸪࠺ࡲ
ࡃ࠸ࡃࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࠋ㞴ࡋ࠸ࠕ࿧྾ἲࠖ
ࢆヰࡍࡼࡾࡶ㸪ࡼࡾ㌟㏆࡞ࠕࡌࡷࢇࡅࢇ࡛ࠖ㸪
ࢱ࢖࣑ࣥࢢࢆྜࢃࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ
ࡓࠋ
ຠᯝⓗ࡞ᐇ㊶᪉ἲմ
㹼ࢥࣥࢡ࣮ࣝ⦅㹼
㹼࣮࣍ࣝ඲యࢆୖᡭ࡟㡪࠿ࡏࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㹼
ࢭࢵࢸ࢕ࣥࢢࡢ௙᪉࡛఍ሙࡢ㡪ࡁࡀኚࢃࡿࠋ
ᣦᑟ࡟࠸ࡃ࡜㸪⣲┤࡛ྍឡ࠸ᑠᏛ⏕ࡀ㸪ᣦᑟ
⪅ࢆぢࡘࡵࡿ࠶ࡲࡾ㸪㌟యࡶ㡢ࡶᣦᑟ⪅࡬ྥ࠿
࠸㐪࿴ឤࢆ࠾ࡰ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ↓㐀స࡟୪࡭
ࡽࢀࡓ᳔Ꮚࠋ᳔Ꮚࡣᣦ᥹⪅ࡢ᪉ྥ࡬ྥࡅࡽࢀ㸪
ࡑࡇ࡬ᗙࡿᑠᏛ⏕ࠋᴦჾࡢ㡢ࡣ඲࡚ᣦᑟ⪅࡬ࡵ
ࡀࡅ࡚㬆ࡾጞࡵࡿࠋᡴᴦჾࡢ⨨ࡁ᪉ࡶࡓࡔ⨨࠿
ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡔࡅࠋ᭤ࡢྜ㛫࡟ᡴᴦჾࢆ࠿ࡅᣢࡕࡍ
ࡿࡓࡵ㸪㟼࠿࡞₇ዌࡢ᫬ࡶ࠸ࡗࡓࡾࡁࡓࡾࠋࡇ
ࢀ࡛ࡣࡏࡗ࠿ࡃࡢ㡢ᴦࡶྎ↓ࡋ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࢥࣥࢡ࣮ࣝࡢ఍ሙ࡜ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡟ᑍἲࢆ ࡾ㸪
᳔Ꮚࢆ⨾ࡋࡃ⨨ࡃࠋࡲࡓ㸪₇ዌ⪅ࡢྥࡁࡦ࡜ࡘ
࡛ࡶ㡪ࡁࡣኚࢃࡿࠋ᳔Ꮚࡢྥࡁࡢㄪ⠇㸪᳔Ꮚࡢ
㹼࢔࣮ࢸ࢕࣮࢟ࣗࣞࢩ࣭ࣙࣥ࢖ࣥࢺࢿ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ
ࢆ኱ษ࡟㹼
㡢ᴦࡣ㸪㡢࡛ᵝࠎ࡞ሙ㠃ࢆ₇ࡌࡿࠋఱ✀㢮ࡶ
ࡢᴦჾ࡛⾲⌧ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡃୖ࡛㸪୍ே୍ேࡢゎ㔘㸪
࢖ࣥࢺࢿ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ㐪࠸㸪ࡲࡓ࢔࣮ࢸ࢕࢟ࣗࣞ
࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ㐪࠸ࡀ㐪࿴ឤࢆ⏕ࡴࠋ
ࡇࢀࡽࢆྠࡌࡼ࠺࡟ゎ㔘ࡋ㸪⦎⩦࡟ྲྀࡾධࢀ
࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡣ࡜࡚ࡶ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ゝⴥ࡟⨨ࡁ᥮࠼࡚ࡳࡿ࡜ࡼࡃศ࠿ࡿࠋࠕࡣࡋࠖ
࡜࠸ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊ
ࠕ⠂ࠖ࡜ࠕᶫ࡛ࠖࡣ඲ࡃ࡭ࡘࡢࡶࡢ
࡛࠶ࡿࠋ₇ዌ⪅ࡀྠࡌ࢖ࣥࢺࢿ࣮ࢩ࡛ࣙࣥ㸪࢔
㛫㝸ࡀᕥྑᑐ⛠࡟࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡍࡿ࡞࡝㸪࡜࡟࠿
ࡃࢭࢵࢸ࢕ࣥࢢ⦎⩦ࡣḞ࠿ࡏ࡞࠸ࠋ
ᡴᴦჾࡢࢭࢵࢸ࢕ࣥࢢ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪఍ሙࡢ≉
ᚩ࡟ྜࢃࡏࡓࡾ㸪⛣ື᫬ࡢື⥺ࢆ☜ಖࡋ㸪㐪࿴
ឤࡢ࡞࠸⛣ືࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ኱ษ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᴦჾ
㓄⨨ࡢ㔜せᛶࢆᣦᑟ⪅࡟⌮ゎࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ
࡚㸪ࣂࣥࢻ඲యࡢࢧ࢘ࣥࢻࡀ㇏࠿࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
㹼ࢭࢵࢸ࢕ࣥࢢ㝲ᙧ㹼
෗┿ A ࡢዟ㸪ቭୖᕥࡢࢺࣛࣥ࣌ࢵࢺࡢ㛫㝸ࡀ
⊃࠿ࡗࡓࡾᗈ࠿ࡗࡓࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࣃ࣮࢝
ࢵࢩࣙࣥ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ほᐈᖍ࡟᥋㏆ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪
102
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌
ࣂࣛࣂࣛ࡞༳㇟ࢆཷࡅࡿࠋᐇ㝿࡟₇ዌࡍࡿ㡢ࡶ
ࡲ࡜ࡲࡾࡀ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸ࠋ
㹼㡢࡟ࡇࡔࢃࢁ࠺㸟㸟ᑠ≀ᴦჾ࣭ᡴᴦჾ࣭
ḷኌ࡟ࡶ㹼
෗┿ B ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪෗┿ A ࡼࡾࡶࡁࢀ࠸࡟ࢭ
᭤ࡢྜ㛫࡟㸪୍Ⓨᡴᴦჾ࡞࡝ࡢ㡢ࡀධࡿᴦ᭤
ࢵࢸ࢕ࣥࢢࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀศ࠿ࡿࠋ
ࡣከ࠸ࠋ࠸ࢃࡺࡿᴦ᭤ࡢࠕ࢔ࢡࢭࣥࢺ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾ㸪
෗┿ A
ࡇࡢࡦ࡜ࡘࡢ㡢࡛ࡄࡗ࡜᭤ࡀ⥾ࡲࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࡜ࡇࢁࡀ㸪ࡇࡢ኱஦࡞㡢ࡣࠕ㬆ࡽࡏࡤⰋ࠸ࠖ
࡜࠸࠺ឤぬ࡛㏻ࡾ㐣ࡂ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸ࠋࡲ
ࡓ㸪
ࠕᴦჾࢆ㉎ධࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᅔ㞴࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿
ࡽᚋᅇࡋ࡟ࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ㧗࠸࠾㔠
ࢆᡶࡗ࡚ᴦჾࢆ㈙࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ኱ษ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪
ࡑࡢᴦ᭤࡟᭱㐺࡞㡢ࢆᕤኵࡋ࡚ࡘࡃࡾࡔࡏࡤࡼ
࠸ࠋ౛࠼ࡤ㸪࣐ࣛ࢝ࢫࡀἑᒣᚲせ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸪✵
ࡁ⨁ࡸ࣌ࢵࢺ࣎ࢺࣝ࡟࠾⡿ࡸ࠶ࡎࡁ࡞࡝Ⰽࠎ࡞
ࡶࡢࢆධࢀ࡚㸪ヨࡋ࡚ࡳࡿࠋ
෗┿ B
ࡲࡓ㸪ࢥࣥࢡ࣮ࣝ࡟㝈ࡽࡎࠕḷኌࠖࡀᴦ᭤࡟
ධࡗ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜࡶ㸪᫝㠀ḷኌ࡟ࡇࡔࢃࡗ࡚࡯ࡋ
࠸ࠋࡘ࠸ࡘ࠸ᴦჾ₇ዌ࡟ຊࢆὀ࠸࡛ࡋࡲ࠸ࡀࡕ
ࡔࡀ㸪ᴦ᭤࡟ࡩࡉࢃࡋ࠸ࠕḷኌࠖࢆ㏣ồࡍࡿࡇ
࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢ᭤ࡣ࡝ࢇ࡞ࠕኌࠖࡀྜ࠺
ࡢ࠿ࠋྜၐᅋࡢࡼ࠺࡞⃈ࢇࡔḷኌࡀྜ࠺ࡢ࠿ࠊ
ḷㅴ᭤ࡢḷ࠸᪉ࡀⰋ࠸ࡢ࠿㸪Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡽࡋ࠸ኌࡀ
Ⰻ࠸ࡢ࠿ࠋࡦ࡜ࡘࡢࠕᫎ⏬ࠖࢆ㐀ࡾୖࡆࡿ࡜ࡁ㸪
୍ሙ㠃୍ሙ㠃ࡀ≀ㄒࡢⰍࢆฟࡍࡼ࠺࡟㸪㡢ᴦࡶ
ྠࡌឤぬ࡛௙ୖࡆ࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ㡢ᴦ࡟ࡇ
₇ዌࡍࡿጼໃࢆព㆑ࡋ࡚ᣦᑟࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ
࡚㸪༳㇟ࡸ㡢ࡀኚࢃࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࠋ
ࡔࢃࡾࢆࡶࡗ࡚ᣦᑟࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡓࡕࡣኚ
ࢃࡗࡓࠋ
Ⰻ࠸ጼໃ࡛₇ዌࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ぢࡓ┠ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪
ฟ࡚ࡃࡿ㡢ࡶ㐪࠺ࠋࡋࡗ࠿ࡾ࡜ᜥࡀධࡾ㸪⮬↛
࡜⨾ࡋ࠸㡢Ⰽ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ
෗┿ B ࡢṇ㠃
ຠᯝⓗ࡞ᐇ㊶᪉ἲյ
㹼ࢫࢥ࢔࡟ᐇ㡢ࢆ᭩ࡇ࠺㹼
ຠᯝⓗ࡞ᐇ㊶᪉ἲձ㹼մࡲ࡛ࠊᚲṚ࡟ᐇ㊶ࡋ
࡚࠸ࡿ࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎ㸪ᚲࡎ࡜࠸ࡗ࡚࠸࠸࡯࡝
ࡘࡁࡘࡅࡽࢀࡿၥ㢟ࡀࠕ㡢⛬࣭ࣁ࣮ࣔࢽ࣮ࠖࡔࠋ
໚ㄽࠕຠᯝⓗ࡞ᐇ㊶᪉ἲձࠖ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ඣ❺
ࡀࡁࡕࢇ࡜㡢⛬ឤぬࢆᥗࢇ࡛࠸ࡿሙྜ࡛ࡶ㸪ࣁ
࣮ࣔࢽ࣮ឤࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿ࡟ࡣ㸪᭤ࡢ୰࡛ࡢ⦎⩦ࡀ
኱ษ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࢱ࢖࣑ࣥࢢࡀྜ࠸㸪࢔࣮ࢸ࢕࣮࢟ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ
ࡀᥞ࠸㸪ᙉᙅࡀࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ࣁ࣮ࣔࢽ࣮ࣂࣛࣥࢫ
ࡀ࠺ࡲࡃ࠸࠿࡞࠸࡜㸪ࡑࡇ࡛࡜ࡓࢇ࡟᭤ࡀὶࢀ
ჽဋ̲ɟ≝‫ܖݱ‬ఄ↚ⅹↀ↺јௐႎ↙ሥ৙ಏ֥ਦ‫ݰ‬ඥ↚↓ⅳ↕↝ᎋ‫‒ݑ‬
103
࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࠋ⨾࿡ࡋ࠸ࡈࡣࢇ࡟㧥ࡢẟࡀධࡗ࡚࠸
㡢ྠኈ㸪Ⰽศࡅసᴗࢆࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢ⺯ග࣌ࣥࡢⰍ
ࡿࡼ࠺࡞㸪ṧᛕ࡞ឤぬ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ศࡅ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪୍┠ぢ࡚㸪࡝ࡢࣃ࣮ࢺࡀྠࡌ㡢ࢆ
ࡑࡇ࡛㸪ᐇ㝿࡟㧗ᰯ⏕࡟ࡶᐇ㊶ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ᪉ἲ
ᢸᙜࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ࡀศ࠿ࡿࠋ
ࢆᥦ᱌ࡋ࡚ࡳࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ㸪ఱᰯ࠿ࡢᑠᏛᰯࡢᣦᑟ
ࡑࡇ࡛Ⰽู࡟ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉศࡅࢆࡍࡿࠋྠࡌ㡢ࢆ
⪅ࡓࡕࡀᐇ㝿࡟ࡇࢀࢆᐇ㊶ࡋࡓࠋ
㸦୰Ꮫᰯ࡛ࡶྲྀ
ᢸᙜࡍࡿேྠኈ㒊ᒇࡈ࡜࡟ศ࠿ࢀ㸪෇ࢆసࡾෆ
ࡾධࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸧ࡲࡓ㸪ࣁ࣮ࣔࢽ࣮ࡀ≉࡟⃮ࡿ࡜
ഃࢆྥࡃࠋ
㸦෗┿㹁ཧ↷㸧୍㡢ࡎࡘྲྀࡾୖࡆ୍ே
ࡇࢁࡢࡳ㔜Ⅼⓗ࡟⾜ࡗ࡚ࡳࡓ࡜ࡢヰࡶ⪺࠸ࡓࠋ
ࡎࡘ㸲ᢿࢆࡢࡤࡋ㸪㸰ᢿ࠶ࡅ࡚ࡘࡂࡢே࡬ࠋ᭱
ᑠᏛ⏕ࡶ୰Ꮫ⏕ࡶ㸪☜ᐇ࡟ࣂࣥࢻ඲యࡢࢧ࢘ࣥ
ᚋࡣ඲ဨ࡛ྠࡌ㡢ࢆ㬆ࡽࡋ☜ㄆࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺᪉ἲ
ࢻࡀኚࢃࡗࡓࠋ
ࡔࠋ
ࡑࡢ᪉ἲࡣࡲࡎ㸪ࢫࢥ࢔࡟ᐇ㡢ࢆグධࡋ࡚࠸
ࡲࡓ㸪㡢ࡀྜࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜࡣ㸰ᢿࡎࡘ㡢
ࡃࠋ౛࠼ࡤࢺࣛࣥ࣌ࢵࢺࣃ࣮ࢺ࡛ࠕࢻ࣑ࣞࠖ࡜
ࢆ㔜ࡡ࡚࠸ࡃ᪉ἲࡶ࡜ࡾ࠸ࢀࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢳࣗ
⾲グࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࢀࡤ㸪㡢➢ࡢୖ࡟ࠕ‫ݟ‬B C Dࠖ
࣮ࢼ࣮࡟㔥௜ࡅ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜㸪㡢ࡣᐤࡗ࡚ࡇ࡞࠸ࠋ
࡜グධࡍࡿࠋ
㸦ࡇࡢసᴗࡣ࠿࡞ࡾ᫬㛫ࡀ࠿࠿ࡿࡀ㸪
ࡳࢇ࡞࡛㡢ࢆ⫈ࡁ࠶࠸㸪᭱⤊ⓗ࡟ࡣࢳ࣮ࣗࢼ࣮
ᑠᏛ⏕ࡢࣆ࢔ࣀࡀᙎࡅࡿᏊࡸ㸪㡢࡟⯆࿡ࢆᣢࡘ
ࢆ౑ࢃࡎ࡟⃮ࡾࢆ࡜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ኱ษ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
Ꮚࡀࡇࡢసᴗࢆࡸࡗ࡚ࡳࡓ࠸࡜ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ
ྠࡌ㡢ྠኈࡢ⃮ࡾࡀᾘ࠼ࡿ࡜㸪⨾ࡋ࠸ࣁ࣮ࣔ
᭱୰ࡔ࡜ࡢሗ࿌ࡶ࠶ࡾ㸪ዌ⪅⮬㌟ࡀࡇࡢసᴗࢆ
ࢽ࣮࡟ኚ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡉࡽ࡟㸪ྛᴦჾࡢ㡢Ⰽࢆ
࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࡇ࡜࡛㡢ᴦ⾲⌧ࡀࡉࡽ࡟㇏࠿࡟࡞ࡗ࡚
⤮ࡢල࡟ࡓ࡜࠼࡚ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿ࡜ࣈࣞࣥࢻࡋࡓ㇏࠿
࠸ࡗࡓ㸧
࡞ࢧ࢘ࣥࢻ࡬࡜ኚ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࠋ
඲࡚ࡢ㡢࡟⾲グࡉࢀࡓࠕᐇ㡢ࠖࢆࡳ࡚࠸ࡃ࡜㸪
ࡇࡢ⦎⩦ࡣඣ❺ࡢ༠ㄪᛶࢆ⫱࡚㸪࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢ
ྠࡌ㡢ࢆᢸᙜࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᴦჾࡀศ࠿ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛㸪
⫱ᡂ࡟ࡶࡘ࡞ࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡗࡓ࡜ࡢሗ࿌ࡶཷࡅ࡚࠸
ࡶࡗ࡜ࢃ࠿ࡾࡸࡍࡃࡍࡿⅭ࡟㸪⺯ග࡛࣌ࣥྠࡌ
ࡿࠋ
෗┿㹁
104
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌
ຠᯝⓗ࡞ᐇ㊶᪉ἲն
㹼ᣦ᥹ࡍࡿ⮬ศࡢጼࢆ㸪⮬ศࡢ┠࡛ぢ࡚㸟
ឤࡌ࡚㸟㹼
ே㛫࡟ࡣ㸪ᵝࠎ࡞Ⓑࡀ࠶ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⮬
ศࡢⒷࡣពእ࡜Ẽ࡙࠿࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸ࠋ
ࠕᣦ᥹ࠖ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚₇ዌࡀຠᯝⓗ࡟⧞ࡾᗈࡆ
ࡽࢀ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࡢࡔࡀ㸪
ࠕᣦ᥹ࠖࡢࡏ࠸
ࡇ࠼࡚ࡁࡲࡏࢇࠋᏊ࡝ࡶࡓࡕࡢ₇ዌࡍࡿືࡁ
ࡀ࡜ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
ࠖ
ᣦᑟ⪅⮬㌟ࡀ㸪ぢ࠼࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ࡟Ẽ࡙
ࡁጞࡵࡿ࡜㸪₇ዌࡀࡼࡾࡼ࠸᪉ྥ࡟ኚࢃࡗ࡚
ࡃࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᚋ࡟ᣦᑟ⪅࠿ࡽࠕ࠶ࡢ⦎⩦᪉ἲ
ࡢ࠾㝜࡛ࠊᚲṚ࡟ᣦ᥹ࢆ᣺ࡽ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶ㸪ࡓ࡚
ࡢ⥺ࡀᥞ࠺ࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠖ࡜࠸࠺ኌࡶ࠶
ࡗࡓࠋ
࡛₇ዌࡀጉࡆࡽࢀࡿሙྜࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ
ᣦᑟ⪅ࡣ㸪Ⰻ࠸₇ዌࢆ┠ᣦࡍ࠶ࡲࡾ㸪ᣦ᥹
ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ᚲṚ࡟࡞ࡾ㸪Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡢ₇ዌࡀ⏕ࡁ
ຠᯝⓗ࡞ᐇ㊶᪉ἲո
⏕ࡁ࡜⪺ࡇ࠼࡞࠸ሙྜࡶከ࠸ࠋ⚾ࡀᐇ㝿࡟Ꮫ
㹼㡢ᴦࡢᤵᴗ⦅㹼
ᰯ࡬ఛ࠸㸪ᣦᑟ⪅ࡢᣦ᥹ࡍࡿጼࢆࡳ࡚㐪࿴ឤ
௨๓㸪㝵ྡၐࢆᥦ᱌ࡋࡓࠋ㒊άື࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪
ࢆぬ࠼ࡓ࡜ࡁࡣ㸪࢔ࢻࣂ࢖ࢫࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡃ
㡢ᴦࡢᤵᴗ࡟ྲྀࡾධࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࠋࡇࡢࠕ㝵ྡၐࠖ
ࡢࡔࡀ㸪ࡑ࠺࡛࡞࠸ሙྜࡣ㸪ᣦ᥹ࡍࡿᚋࢁጼ
ࡢ᪉ἲࡣḟࡢ㏻ࡾࠋ
ࡢື⏬᧜ᙳࢆࡋ࡚㸪⫈⾗࠿ࡽᣦ᥹⪅ࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ
㸨ࢻࡢ㡢㸦ୗ㸯⥺ࣁ㸧࠿ࡽ㧗࠸ࢻ㸦➨㸱㛫ࣁ㸧
࠺࡟ぢ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢆ⪃࠼ࡉࡏࡓࠋᣦ᥹ࡣ㡢ᴦ
ࡢ㡢ࡲ࡛グࡋࡓ㝵ྡ㆕ࢆᥦ♧ࡍࡿࠋᣦᑟ⪅ࡀ
⾲⌧ࡢ኱ษ࡞せ⣲࡛࠶ࡿࠋᣦ᥹ࡀୖ㐩ࡍࡿࡇ
ᣦ♧Წࢆ⏝࠸࡚࡛㡢➢ࢆᣦࡍࠋࡑࡢ࡜ࡁ࡟ࠕࢻ
࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㡢ᴦࡶࡼࡾឤືⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
࣮ࠖ࡜ḷ࠺ࠋ
ࡇࡢ᪉ἲࢆẖ᫬㛫㸪㸰ศ࡞࠸ࡋ㸱ศ㛫⥆ࡅ
ຠᯝⓗ࡞ᐇ㊶᪉ἲշ
㹼₇ዌ⪅࠿ࡽ㞳ࢀࡓሙᡤ࡛㸪⫈࠸࡚ࡳࡿ㹼
࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘ㸪᭤᝿ࡀࡘࡁ㸪ࢸ࣏ࣥࡶᐃࡲࡗ࡚ࡁ
ࡓࡽ㸪㐲࠸ሙᡤ࠿ࡽ₇ዌࢆ⫈࠸࡚ࡳࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ
኱ษ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࠕඛ⏕㸪⚾ࡀᣦ᥹ࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡽ㸪Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡓࡕ
ࡔࡅ࡛₇ዌ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋ
ࠖᣦᑟ⪅ࡢၥ
࠸࡟ࠕࡇࢀࡔࡅ₇ዌ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࢀࡤ኱୔ኵ࡛ࡍ
ࡼࠋࠖ࡜⟅࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸ࠋ
ᐇ㝿࡟࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢆỴࡵ࡚㸪࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡀྜᅗ
ࢆࡍࡿ࡜㸪Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡓࡕࡔࡅࡢྜዌࡀጞࡲࡿࠋ
᭱ึࡣ࠺ࡲࡃ࠸࠿࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡶከ࠸ࡀ㸪Ꮚ࡝ࡶ
ࡓࡕࡣᣦ᥹⪅࡞ࡋ࡛ࡶ㸪₇ዌࢆ㐍⾜ࡉࡏ࡚ࡺ
ࡃࠋఱᗘࡶ₇ዌࡍࡿ࠺ࡕ࡟㸪⫈࠸࡚ྜࢃࡏࡿ
ឤぬࡶ◊ࡂ⃈ࡲࡉࢀ࡚ࡺࡃࠋ
ᣦᑟ⪅ࡢඛ⏕ࡀ㸪య⫱㤋ࡢᚋࢁ࡬⛣ືࡋ㸪
₇ዌ࡟⪥ࢆഴࡅࡿࠋࡍࡿ࡜㸪ẖ᪥ྜዌࡋ࡚࠸
࡚ࡶẼ࡙࠿࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀࡳ࠼࡚ࡃࡿࠋ
ࠕᡴᴦჾ㸪኱ࡁࡍࡂࡲࡍࡡࠋ࠶࡜୺᪕ᚊࡀ⪺
ࡿ࡜㸱࢝᭶࡛ㄞ㆕ຊࡀୖࡀࡗࡓࠋ
ᣦ♧Წࡀ㡢➢࡟ࡘ࠸ࡓ᫬Ⅼ࡛ḷ࠺ࡼ࠺࡟ࡉ
ࡏࡿࡢࡔࡀ㸪ࢃࡊ࡜ᣦ♧Წࢆ✵୰࡛࡜ࡵ࡚ḷ
ࢃࡏ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ࡍࡿࠋ㸦ఱᅇࡶࡸࡾࡍࡂ࡞࠸ࠋ
㣬ࡁࡉࡏ࡞࠸㸧ࠕ࡞ࢇࡔ࣮ࠊࣇ࢙࢖ࣥࢺࡔ࣮
ࡗࠖ࡜ᤵᴗࡀ┒ࡾୖࡀࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪Ꮚ࡝ࡶ
ࡓࡕࡢ㞟୰ຊࡀቑࡍࠋᣦ♧ᲬࢆⰋࡃࡳࡿࡼ࠺
࡟࡞ࡿࡢࡔࠋ㸦྿ዌᴦ࡞࡝࡛㸪ࡼࡃ⪥࡟ࡍࡿ
ゝⴥࠕඛ⏕ࡢᣦ᥹ࢆࡼࡃぢ࡞ࡉ࠸㸟㸟ࠖࡣ㸪
㡢ᴦࡢᤵᴗ࡛㘫࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪㒊άືࡢ୰
࡟ࡶ཯ᫎࡉࢀࡿ㸧
Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡓࡕࡀ័ࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡽ㸪ᣦ♧Წ࡛⡆༢
࡞᪕ᚊࢆᣦࡍࠋࠕࡇࡢ᭤࡞࣮ࢇࡔ㸽ࠖࡢၥ࠸
࡟ࠕࡣ࠸ࡗ㸟ࡣ࠸ࡗ㸟 ࠿࠼ࡿࡢྜၐ࡛ࡍࠖ
࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡟㸪୰㌟ࡀ⭾ࡽࢇ࡛ࡺࡃࠋ
࣊㡢グྕ࡛⾜࠺ࡢࡶⰋ࠸ࠋࡲࡓ㸪Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡀ
ࠕඛ⏕ࠖ࡜࡞ࡾ㸪ᣦ♧Წࢆᣢࡓࡏ࡚ࡶⰋ࠸ࠋ
⥅⥆ࡋ࡚ࡸࡿࡇ࡜ࡇࡑ㸪ຊ࡬࡜ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࠋ
࠶ࡿᑠᏛᰯ࡛㸪㸰ᖺ⏕ࡢ࠺ࡕ࠿ࡽࡇࡢᐇ㊶
ࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋᣦᑟ⪅᭣ࡃࠕ㸰ᖺ⏕࡛ࡶ
105
ჽဋ̲ɟ≝‫ܖݱ‬ఄ↚ⅹↀ↺јௐႎ↙ሥ৙ಏ֥ਦ‫ݰ‬ඥ↚↓ⅳ↕↝ᎋ‫‒ݑ‬
࡛ࡁࡲࡍࡡࠋࡓࡲ࡟㸪㸯ᖺ⏕ࡢ࡜ࡁ㘽┙ࣁ࣮
࡝ࡶࡀ࠸ࡓࠋ⚾ࡣ㸪ࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓᏊ࡝ࡶࡀ኱ዲ
ࣔࢽ࡛࢝⦎⩦ࡋࡓ᭤ࢆᣦ♧Წ࡛ᣦࡍ࡜㸪ᤵᴗ
ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋఱ࡛ࡶ࡛ࡁࡿ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࡟㛵ࢃࡽࡎ㸪
ࡀ┒ࡾୖࡀࡾࡲࡋࡓࠖ࡜ࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
᜝ࡎ࠿ࡋࡀࡽࡎࢳࣕࣞࣥࢪࡍࡿࠕᑠᏛᰯ㸰ᖺ
ࠕ㝵ྡၐࡣᑠᏛᰯ㸱ᖺ⏕࠿ࡽࠖ࡜ᤊ࠼࡞࠸ࡇ
⏕ࡢᚰࠖࢆ኱ே࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡶࡎࡗ࡜ᣢࡕ⥆ࡅ࡚
࡜ࡀ኱஦ࡔ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋ㸯ᖺ⏕࠿ࡽ↓⌮࡞ࡃ㝵
࡯ࡋ࠸࡜㢪࠺ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ྡၐ࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡲࡏࡿ࡜Ⰻ࠸ࠋ᪩࠸࠺ࡕ࠿ࡽᴦ
ࡲࡓ㸪ࡇࡢᤵᴗࢆཷࡅ㸪ࠕᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕࡜㐃
㆕࡟័ࢀぶࡋࡴ࡜㸪Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡓࡕࡣᴦ㆕࡟ᑐࡋ
ᦠࢆ࡜ࡾ㸪సࡗࡓ᭤࡟ḷモࢆࡘࡅࡿ࡜ࡉࡽ࡟
࡚ࡢඛධほࡀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
㡢ᴦࡢᤵᴗࡀᐦᗘࡢ⃰࠸ࡶࡢ࡟࡞ࡿࠋᴦჾࡀ
㝵ྡၐࢆࡸࡾ⥆ࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪ඛ⏕࡟࡜ࡗ࡚
ⱞᡭ࡞Ꮚ࡝ࡶ࡛ࡶ㸪ḷ࡞ࡽୖᡭ࡜࠸࠺Ꮚ࡝ࡶ
ࡣྠࡌࡇ࡜ࡢ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ࡛㸪൨ຕ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ
ࡀ࠸ࡿࡣࡎࠋᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡀᅜㄒࡢᤵᴗ࡞࡝࡛
࠸ࡀࡕ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࡑࢀࢆ 1 ᪥㸰㹼㸱ศ⥆
ḷモࢆࡘࡃࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࢆ㡢ᴦࡢ᫬㛫࡛௙ୖࡆࡿ
ࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡟ព࿡ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡸࡵ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࡜㸪Ꮚ
࡜࠸࠺㐃ᦠࢆ࡜ࡿ࡜㸪ࡼࡾᏊ࡝ࡶࡓࡕࡢ㐩ᡂ
࡝ࡶࡓࡕࡢຊࡣࡍࡄ࡟ⴠࡕ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋ
ឤ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࠋࠖ࡜ࡢຓゝࢆࡋࡓࠋ
㸰ศ࡞ࡽ㸰ศ࡜Ỵࡵ㸪࢟ࢵࢳࣥࢱ࢖࣐࣮࡞
࡝ࢆ౑⏝ࡋࠕ᫬㛫ࡔ㹼ࠖ࡞࡝࡜࠸࠺࡜Ꮚ࡝ࡶ
ࡓࡕࡶᴦࡋࡳ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪㞟୰ࡋ࡚ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴࡣࡎ
࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓ㸪㸰ᖺ⏕࡛㝵ྡၐ࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡓࡇ
ࡢᑠᏛᰯ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡑࡇ࠿ࡽ⡆༢࡞స᭤άື㸦㡢
ᴦ࡙ࡃࡾ㸧࡬ࡘ࡞ࡆࡿᤵᴗࢆᒎ㛤ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ
㸰ᖺ⏕ࡣᣦᑟ⪅ࡢゝⴥࢆࡼࡃࡁ࠸࡚㸪᏶ᡂࡉ
ࡏࡼ࠺࡜ࡀࢇࡤࡾጞࡵࡿࠋ
㡢ᴦ࡙ࡃࡾࢆࡍࡿ๓࡟ᣦᑟ⪅ࡀ୍ゝࠕࡳࢇ
࡞㸪ࡕࡻࡗ࡜㡢ᴦᐊࡢᚋࢁࢆぢ࡚ࡈࡽࢇࠋ᭷
ྡ࡞స᭤ᐙࡤ࠿ࡾࠋᕥ࠿ࡽࣂࢵࣁ㸪࣮ࣔࢶ࢓
ࣝࢺ㸪࣮࣋ࢺ࣮࣭࣭࣭࣋ࣥ࠶ࢀ㸽୍␒ྑࡢ࡜
ࡇࢁ࡟ఱ࠿࠶ࡿࡼࠖ
ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞⣬ࡀ୍ᯛ㈞ࡗ࡚࠶ࡿࡀ㸪స᭤ᐙ
ࡢ෗┿ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࠕࡇࢀ㸪࡞ࢇࡔ࡜ᛮ࠺㸽ࡑ࠺
࡛ࡍࠋࡳ࡞ࡉࢇࡢ୰࠿ࡽ᭷ྡ࡞స᭤ᐙࡀ⏕ࡲ
ࢀࡑ࠺࡞ࡢ࡛㸪㈞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣᚋ
࡟㸰ᖺ‫ࡢࢇࡉ࣭࣭࣭ࡢ⤌ۑ‬෗┿ࡀ㈞ࡽࢀࡿ࠿
ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠖ
Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡓࡕ࠿ࡽ➗㢦ࡀࡇࡰࢀࡿࠋࡇࢇ࡞୍
ゝ࠿ࡽᮏᙜ࡟స᭤ᐙ࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡽ࡝ࢇ࡞࡟Ꮀࡋ
࠸ࡇ࡜࠿ࠋ
వㄯ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡀ㸪㡢ᴦ࡙ࡃࡾࡢᤵᴗ
ࡢ୰࡛ఱ࡜࠿ඛ⏕࡟ㄆࡵ࡚ࡶࡽ࠾࠺࡜ࡋ࡚
ࠕࡣ࠸ࡗ㸟ࡣ࣮࠸ࡗࠖ࡜ᡭࢆᣲࡆⓎ⾲ࡍࡿᏊ
ᑠᏛ⏕ࡣ⣲┤㸟⣲┤࡞࠺ࡕ࡟ࡓࡃࡉࢇࡢࡇ
࡜ࢆᩍ࠼࡚࠶ࡆ࡚࡯ࡋ࠸ࠋ
ຠᯝⓗ࡞ᐇ㊶᪉ἲչ
㹼㡢ᴦࡢᤵᴗ⦅㹼
ࠕᏊ࡝ࡶࡓࡕ㸪඲↛ᴦ㆕ࡀㄞࡵ࡞࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ
ࣜࢬ࣒ࡶศ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ⤖ᒁḷࡗ࡚ᩍ࠼࡚ࡋࡲ
ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⮬ศࡢ㡢ᴦࡢᤵᴗ࡛ࡣ᫬㛫ࡀ㊊
ࡾ࡞࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋࠖ
ࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓᝎࡳࡀከࡃ⪺࠿ࢀࡿࠋ
࠶ࡿඛ⏕ࡣࠕ㸯ᖺ⏕࠿ࡽ㡢ᴦࢆᩍ࠼࡚࠸ࡲ
ࡍࠋࡔ࠿ࡽ㸪㒊άࡢᏊ࡝ࡶࡓࡕࡀ㸪㡢➢ࡀㄞ
ࡵ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡾ㸪ࣜࢬ࣒ࡀศ࠿ࡽ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡾࡍ
ࡿࡢࡣ⮬ศࡢࡏ࠸࡛ࡍࠋࠖ࡜᜼ࡋࡑ࠺࡟ㄒࡿࠋ
ࡇࡢඛ⏕ࡣ㸪⪃࠼࡟⪃࠼࡚ᤵᴗࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺
ࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ⮬ศ࡟୚࠼ࡽࢀࡓ㡢ᴦࡢ᫬㛫
ࢆぢ┤ࡍࡇ࡜࠿ࡽጞࡵ㸪ᡤࠎ࡟ඛ࡯࡝⤂௓ࡋ
ࡓࠕ㝵ྡၐࠖࢆධࢀࡓࡾ㸪ࣜࢺ࣑ࢵࢡࢆྲྀࡾ
ධࢀࡓࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࣜࢺ࣑ࢵࢡࡣ㸪ࡌࡗ࡜࡛ࡁ࡞࠸Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡓࡕ
࡟᭱㐺࡛࠶ࡿࠋᤵᴗࡢࠕᑟධࠖ࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪
㞟୰ຊ࣭ࣜࢬ࣒ឤ⫱ᡂ࡬ࡢຠᯝࡀୖࡀࡗ࡚ࡁ
࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ᅄศ㡢➢㸪ඵศ㡢➢㸪஧ศ㡢➢㸪඲㡢➢࣭࣭
ࡇࡢ௚࡟ᵝࠎ࡞ࣜࢬ࣒࡜㌟య࡜ࢆ⤖ࡧࡘࡅ࡚
㡢ᴦᐊࡢ୰ࢆࡲࢃࡿࠋ
106
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌
㹼⦎⩦ࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒໬㹼
ࡲࡓ㸪ࠕᴦ㆕㸿ࠖࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪ࣆ࢔ࣀࢆ⏝࠸
࡚ᕥᡭ࡛ప㡢ࢆ㸪ྑᡭ࡛୕࿴㡢ࢆకዌࡍࡿࠋ
࢔ ఱࡢࡓࡵ࡟㔠⟶ࣂࣥࢻࡸ྿ዌᴦάືࢆ࠾
ᕥᡭࡢప㡢ࡣ㊊ࡢࣜࢬ࣒㸪ྑᡭࡢ୕࿴㡢ࡣᡭ
ࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿㸽ࡑࡢ┠ᶆ
ᢿᏊ࡜࠸࠺ࡩ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚ࣜࢬ࣒ࢆኚ࠼࡚Ṍ࠿ࡏ
┠ᶆࡣ㒊ဨ඲ဨࡀ㸯㸳⛊௨ෆ࡛ၐ࿴࡛ࡁࡿ
ࡿࠋࡓࡲ࡟ࠕ཯ᑐ㸟㸟ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ኌ࡛ᡭ࡜㊊ࡢ
ࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ㸪⦎⩦ࡢ᭱ึ࡜᭱ᚋ࡟ၐ࿴ࡍࡿࠋ
ࣜࢬ࣒ࢆ㏫࡟ࡋ࡚㸪㣬ࡁࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡃᴦࡋࢇ࡛
┠ᶆࢆ㡢ᴦᐊ࡟ᥖ♧ࠋ
ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋ
࢖ 㡢㝵ࡢᴦ㆕ࠕᴦ㆕㹀ࠖ ࣜࢬ࣒ࡢᴦ㆕ࠕᴦ
㡢➢ࢆᥦ♧ࡋ࡚ࣜࢬ࣒ࢆయឤࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ
㆕㹁ࠖࣁࣥࢻࢧ࢖ࣥ࿴㡢ၐࡢᴦ㆕ ࠕᴦ㆕
࠶ࢀࡤ㸪ᴦ㆕࡜ࡣ㞳ࢀ㸪ࣜࢬ࣒ࢆయឤࡉࡏࡿ
㹂ࠖࢆ㡢ᴦᐊ࡟ᥖ♧ࠋ
࡜ࡁࡶ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࠋ
࠸ࡎࢀ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡶࠕᏊ࡝ࡶ࡟ࡘࡅࡉࡏࡓ࠸ຊ
ࡣఱ࠿ࠖࢆ㏣ồࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࠺ࡕ࡟㸪࠾ࡢࡎ࡜ᤵ
࢘ ኌࡢࡶࡢࡉࡋ⾲㸦2 ே࡛఍ヰࠊ⌜㸪Ꮫ⣭㸪
Ꮫᖺ㸪㔝እ➼࡛ࡢኌࡢ኱ࡁࡉ㸧ᥖ♧
࢚ ࢣ࣮ࢫ࠿ࡽᴦჾࢆฟࡋ࡚⤌ࡳ❧࡚㸪࢛࣮࢘
ᴗࡢ᪉ἲ࡟ࡶኚ໬ࡀ⏕ࡲࢀ࡚ࡃࡿࠋ
࣑ࣥࢢ࢔ࢵࣉ㸪ྜዌᇶ♏⦎⩦㸪ᴦ᭤⦎⩦㸪
ࡲࡓ㸪ᖖ࡟ᑠᏛᰯᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ࢆᛕ㢌࡟࠾
ࢡ࣮ࣝࢲ࢘ࣥ㸪ࢣ࣮ࢫ࡟ᴦჾࢆࡋࡲ࠸ಖ⟶
࠸࡚㡢ᴦᩍ⫱ࡢ┠ᶆࢆぢኻࢃ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡞
ሙᡤ࡟∦௜ࡅࡿࡲ࡛ࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒⾲ࢆᥖ♧ࠋ
ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡑࡢ᫬ࠎࡢᏊ࡝ࡶ
ࡍ࡭࡚᫬㛫ࢆỴࡵ࡚࠾ࡇ࡞࠸㸪ィ᫬ࡍࡿࠋ
ࡢᵝᏊ࣭≧ែ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ᇶᮏࡢᤵᴗෆᐜࡣኚ
ࠕࢩࢫࢸ࣒⾲㸯㹼㸵ࠖ
ࢃࡽ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶ㸪ᣦᑟࡢ௙᪉࣭᪉ἲࡣኚ࠼࡞ࡃ
㸯Ᏻ඲➨୍ᴦჾࡢ⤌ࡳ❧࡚ྜዌ‽ഛ э
࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ
㸰࢛࣮࣑࢘ࣥࢢ࢔ࢵࣉэ㸱ྜዌᇶ♏⦎⩦э
㡢ᴦᤵᴗࢆᖖ࡟㡢ᴦ⛉ࡢ┠ᶆ࡟࠶ࢃࡏ࡚ᨵ
㸲ࢫࢣ࣮ࣝ⦎⩦э㸳ᴦ᭤⦎⩦э
ၿࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᨺㄢᚋࡢ⟶ᡴᴦჾࡢᣦᑟ
㸴ࢡ࣮ࣝࢲ࢘ࣥэ㸵Ᏻ඲➨୍ᚋ∦௜ࡅ
ࡶ኱ࡁࡃᨵၿࡉࢀࡓࠋ
㸯㸪ᴦჾࡢ⤌ࡳ❧࡚ࡣᏊ࡝ࡶࡢᏳ඲ࢆ➨୍࡟
⪃࠼㸪ḟ࡟ᴦჾࢆ୎ᑀ࡟ᢅ࠸୍ே࡙ࡘࡺࡗ
㸱㸬▷᫬㛫࡛ᩍ⫱ຠᯝࢆୖࡆࡿ⦎⩦ࢩࢫࢸ
࣒໬ࡢࡓࡵࡢලయⓗ᪉ἲ
㹼㡢ᴦᐊ㸦ྜዌ⦎⩦ሙᡤ㸧ཬࡧ
Ꮫᰯࡢ⎔ቃᩚഛ㹼
㐣ཤ㸯㸮ᖺ㛫࡟Ꮫᰯゼၥࡋࡓ⤒㦂࠿ࡽ㸪ࡑ
ࡢ⋞㛵ࢆධࡗࡓ࡜ࡁ㸪᮶ᐈࢆ㏄࠼ࡿࡓࡵࡢ⣽
࠿࠸ᚰ㓄ࡾ㸦Ύᤲ㸪ࢫࣜࢵࣃ㸪᱌ෆᯈ㸪ཷ௜
ࡢᑐᛂ➼㸧ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿᏛᰯࡣ₇ዌࡶẚ㍑ⓗ
ୖᡭ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ꮫᰯࡣ⋞㛵࠿ࡽ㡢
ᴦᐊࡸయ⫱㤋࡟᱌ෆࡉࢀࡿᗯୗࡶΎᤲࡀ࠸ࡁ
࡜࡝࠸࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡍࢀ㐪࠺ඣ❺ࡸ⫋ဨ࠿ࡽࡉࢃ
ࡸ࠿࡞࠶࠸ࡉࡘࢆࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
ࡲࡓ㸪ࡍࡤࡽࡋ࠸₇ዌࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᏛ
ᰯࡣ㡢ᴦᐊࡢᥖ♧≀ࡶ⨾ࡋࡃ㸪⌮ゎࡋࡸࡍ࠸
ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
ࡃࡾ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋᣦᑟࡍࡿࠋື⥺☜ㄆ㸪ࢭࢵࢸ
࢕ࣥࢢ⦎⩦ࠋ
㸰㸪࢛࣮࣑࢘ࣥࢢ࢔ࢵࣉࠕᴦ㆕㹃ࠖࡣṇࡋ࠸
₇ዌጼໃ࡛᭱ࡶฟࡸࡍ࠸㡢㸦ᴦჾ࡟ᜥࢆධ
ࢀࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟⮬↛࡟ฟ࡚ࡃࡿẚ㍑ⓗప࠸㡢㸧
ࢆ㟼࠿࡟㸲ᢿࡢࡤࡍࠋ
㸦࢜ࣝ࢞ࣥэࣈࣞࢫэḷ࠺эࣈࣞࢫэ࣐࣮
ࢫࣆ࣮ࢫ㸦ᮌ⟶ࡣḷ࠺㸧эࣈࣞࢫэᴦჾ࡟
࣐࣮ࢫࣆ࣮ࢫࢆ௜ࡅࡿэᴦჾ࡛₇ዌ㸧
ᡴᴦჾࡣࢫࢺࣞࢵࢳࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࠋ
㸱㸪ྜዌᇶ♏⦎⩦ࠕᴦ㆕㹄ࠖ
㸲㸪ࢫࢣ࣮ࣝ⦎⩦ࠕᴦ㆕㹅ࠖ 㡢㝵ࡦ࡜ࡘࡦ
࡜ࡘࡢ㡢ࢆࡺࡗࡃࡾ࡜ಸ㡢ࢆ⫈ࡁ࡞ࡀࡽ⦎
⩦ࠋ
㸳㸪ᴦ㆕࡟ᑠ⠇␒ྕࢆ᭩ࡃࠋᴦ᭤ࡢᵓᡂ㡢ࢆ
ࡍ࡭࡚ᩘ࠼ࡿࠋࣇ࢓࣮ࢫࢺࢡࣛࣜࢿࢵࢺࡢ
107
ჽဋ̲ɟ≝‫ܖݱ‬ఄ↚ⅹↀ↺јௐႎ↙ሥ৙ಏ֥ਦ‫ݰ‬ඥ↚↓ⅳ↕↝ᎋ‫‒ݑ‬
ሙྜ㸪㸴㸮㸮ࡢ㡢࡛ 1 ᭤ࡀࡘࡃࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ
ࡓࡽୖ⣭⏕ࡀࣁࣥࢻࢧ࢖ࣥ࿴㡢ၐ࡛కዌ௜ࡍ
ࡽ㸪㸲ศ㡢➢㸻㸴㸮ࡢࢸ࣏࡛ࣥ᭱ึࡢ㡢࠿
ࡿࠋࡇࡢᣦᑟ᪉ἲࡀ᭱ࡶ⮬↛࡟ึᚰ⪅ࢆྜዌ
ࡽ㡰␒࡟㸲ᢿࡢࡤࡍࠋ㸳ᢿࡵࡀ㡢ࡢ࣮ࣜࣜ
࡟ධࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ
ࢫ㸪㸴ᢿࡵ࡟ࣈࣞࢫࠋࣁ࣮ࣔࢽ࣮ࢹ࢕ࣞࢡ
ࡲࡓ㸪ഛရᴦჾࡀ㊊ࡾ࡞࠸ሙྜࡣࣜࢥ࣮ࢲ
ࢱ࣮࡛ࢡࣛࣜࢿࢵࢺ࡜ྠ୍㡢ࢆ₇ዌ㸪ᴦ᭤
࣮ࡸ㘽┙ࣁ࣮ࣔࢽ࢝㸪ྜၐ㸪ᡭసࡾ࣐ࣛ࢝ࢫ
᭱ᚋࡢ㡢ࡲ࡛₇ዌࡍࡿ࡜⣙㸯᫬㛫࠿࠿ࡿࠋ
㸦࣌ࢵࢺ࣎ࢺࣝ࡟ᑠ▼ࢆධࢀࡓࡶࡢ㸧➼ࢆ⦎
㸯᪥㸰㸮ศ㛫㸪㸱᪥㛫࡛᭱ᚋࡲ࡛࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࠋ
⩦ࡉࡏ㸪㸳㸪㸴ᖺ⏕ࡢྜዌ࡟ຍ࠼ࡿࠋࡇࡢᣦ
ࢳ࣮ࣗࢼ࣮ࢆぢ࡞ࡀࡽࡇࡢ⦎⩦ࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠸㸪
ᑟ᪉ἲࡶ㠀ᖖ࡟ຠᯝⓗ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
ࣆࢵࢳࡀపࡅࢀࡤୖྥࡁࡢ▮༳㸪㧗ࡅࢀࡤ
⟶ᴦჾࡣస㡢ᴦჾ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࠕḷ࠼࡞࠸᪕
ୗྥࡁࡢ▮༳ࢆᴦ㆕࡟᭩ࡁධࢀࡿࠋ
ᚊࡣᴦჾ࡛ṇ☜࡟₇ዌࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠖ
ḟ࡟ྠ୍᪕ᚊࢆ₇ዌࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᏊ࡝ࡶࡓࡕ
⨾ࡋࡃṇ☜࡞㡢ࢆฟࡍࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ₇ዌ⪅ࡀ⮬ศ
ࡀࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡈ࡜㸪࠸ࡗࡋࡻ࡟ୖグࡢ⦎⩦ࢆ
ࡢ㡢ឤࡸឤᛶࢆࡶ࡜࡟ࡋ࡚ࠕ㡢ࠖࢆసࡽ࡞ࡅ
࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࠋḟ࡟ྠ୍᪕ᚊࢆ஺஫ዌ࡛⦎⩦㸪
ࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢࠕ㡢ࠖࢆࡘࡃࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ
࢔࣮ࢸ࢕࣮࢟ࣞࢩࣙࣥ㸪࢖ࣥࢺࢿ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ
ࢯࣝࣇ࢙࣮ࢪࣗࡢຊࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢຊࢆ
ࢆᥞ࠼ࡿࠋḟ࡟ᙉᙅ➼ࢆᥞ࠼࡚ᣦᐃࢸ࣏ࣥ
㌟࡟௜ࡅࡿ᭱㐺࡞᪉ἲࡣࠕḷ࠺ࠖࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡢ㸴㸮㸣࡛₇ዌࠋ᭱ᚋ࡟ᣦᐃࡢࢸ࣏࡛ࣥ₇
4 ᖺ⏕࠿ࡽ㸴ᖺ⏕ࡲ࡛඲ဨ࡛ྜၐ⦎⩦ࢆᐃᮇ
ዌࠋ
ⓗ࡟࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶ₇ዌᢏ⾡ྥୖ࡟ຠᯝࡀ࠶
㸴㸪ࢡ࣮ࣝࢲ࢘ࣥࡣ࢛࣮࣑࢘ࣥࢢ࢔ࢵࣉ࡜ྠ
ࡗࡓࠋ
ࡌࡇ࡜ࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࠋ
㸵㸪㸯࡜ྠᵝ࡟ᚋ∦௜ࡅࢆ⾜࠺ࠋᚋ∦௜ࡅࡢ
⦎⩦ࡶ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࠋ
ࡇࡢ୍㐃ࡢ⦎⩦ࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺࡜ࡁ࡟ࡣᚲࡎࢫ
ࡲࡓ㸪ࣁࣥࢻࢧ࢖ࣥ࿴㡢ၐࢆẖᅇ㸱ศ⛬ᗘ㸪
⥅⥆ࡋ࡚࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࣂࣥࢻ඲యࡢ
ࢧ࢘ࣥࢻࡀࡼࡾ⨾ࡋࡃ㇏࠿࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
ࢺࢵࣉ࢛࢘ࢵࢳ࡜࢟ࢵࢳࢱ࢖࣐࣮ࢆ౑⏝ࡋ࡚
᪥ㄅ࡟ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ᫬㛫ࢆグධࡍࡿࠋඣ❺ࡢᏳ
඲ࢆ➨୍࡟⪃࠼㸪ᖖ࡟ࡼࡾࢫ࣒࣮ࢬ࡟⦎⩦ࡀ
࠾ࡇ࡞ࢃࢀࡿࡼ࠺᪥ࠎᨵၿࢆ⾜࠸࡞ࡀࡽ⦎⩦
ࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒໬ࢆ┠ᣦࡋࡓᏛᰯࡣ₇ዌᢏ⾡㸪㡢
ᴦ⾲⌧࡜ࡶ࡟ୖ㐩ࡋࡓࠋᴦ㆕ H㸫㸯㹼㸳ࡣᮅ
⦎⩦➼࡛ಶูᣦᑟࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࠋ
㸲㸬㸲ᖺ⏕㸦ึᚰ⪅㸧ࡢᣦᑟ᪉ἲ
࠾ࢃࡾ࡟
⚾ࡀᣦᑟ⪅ࡸᑠᏛ⏕࡟┤᥋࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ
ᣦᑟࢆ࠶ࡽࡓࡵ࡚᣺ࡾ㏉ࡗࡓ࡜ࡁ㸪
ࠕఱࡢࡓࡵ
࡟⟶ᡴᴦჾࢆᣦᑟࡍࡿࡢ࠿㸽ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ
῝ࡃ⪃࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇ㸪㡢ᴦࢆ
ឡዲࡍࡿᚰ᝟ࢆ⫱࡚ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪
ࡑࢀࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶ⟶ᡴᴦჾࢆ⏝࠸࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶ࡛ࡁ
ࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋྜၐࡸ㚷㈹ࢆᣦᑟࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟
ࡼࡗ࡚ࡶ༑ศ┠ᶆࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
ึᚰ⪅ࡣẖᅇࣁ࣮ࣔࢽ࣮ࢹ࢕ࣞࢡࢱ࣮ࢆ౑
ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣ㸪࡞ࡐ㸪⟶ᡴᴦჾࢆᣦᑟࡍࡿᚲせ
⏝ࡋ࡚㸪ᣦᑟ⪅ࡀ࢔ࣥࣈࢵࢩ࣮ࣕࢳ࢙ࢵࢡࢆ
ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࠿ࠋ
࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࠋḟ࡟ึᚰ⪅ࡀ୍␒ฟࡋࡸࡍ࠸㡢࠿
ඣ❺࡬ࡢ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽࡶࢃ࠿ࡿࡼ࠺
ࡽ㡢ᇦࢆᗈࡆ࡚࠸ࡁ㸪ࠕ࣓࣮ࣜࡉࢇࡢ⨺ࠖࠕ႐
࡟㸪Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡓࡕࡣᴦჾࢆ₇ዌࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟኱ࡁ
ࡧࡢḷࠖ
ࠕ࠿࠼ࡿࡢḷࠖ➼ࡢ᪕ᚊࢆ₇ዌ࡛ࡁࡿ
࡞⯆࿡㛵ᚰࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢ୰࡛ࡶ㸪≉࡟Ꮚ࡝ࡶ
ࡼ࠺࡟ࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢ࡜ࡁ㸪ୖ⣭⏕࡜࣌࢔ࢆ⤌ࢇ
ࡓࡕࡀ⯆࿡㛵ᚰࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ⟶ᡴᴦჾࡔ࠿ࡽ
࡛஺஫ዌࢆ 1 㡢࡙ࡘ㸪ḟ࡟ 1 ᑠ⠇㸪ࡑࡋ࡚ᚎࠎ
ࡇࡑᣦᑟࡀࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⯆࿡㛵ᚰࡢ࠶
࡟ᑠ⠇ᩘࢆቑࡸࡋ㸯᭤₇ዌ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ
ࡿࡑࢀࡽࡢᴦჾࢆ౑ࡗ࡚㸪ឤᛶࡸ㞟୰ຊ㸪⥅
108
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌
⥆ຊ㸪༠ㄪᛶ㸪⮬ᕫ⾲⌧ຊ➼ࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜
12 ࣮࣌ࢪࠕ࢚ࠖ࡟♧ࡋࡓࢩࢫࢸ࣒⾲ 1㹼7
ࡣᏊ࡝ࡶࡓࡕࡢே⏕ࢆࡼࡾ㇏࠿࡛ᖾࡏ࡞ࡶࡢ
࡟ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ẖᅇ㸪ィ᫬ࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚⦎⩦ࡋ
࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
ࡓᑠᏛ⏕ࡀ₇ዌᢏ⾡㸪⾲⌧࡜ࡶ࡟᭱ࡶୖ㐩ࡋ
⟶ᴦჾࡢᑓ㛛ᐙࡢ୰࡟ࡣ㸪ᑠᏛ⏕ࡢẁ㝵࡛
ࡓࠋ
ࣅࣈ࣮ࣛࢺࢆ࠿ࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡟␲ၥࢆࡶࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ
㔠⟶ࢡࣛࣈࡸ྿ዌᴦࢡࣛࣈࡢᣦᑟࢆ▷᫬㛫
ேࡶ࠸ࡿࡀ㸪⨾࡟ᑐࡍࡿឤᛶࢆ⫱࡚ࡿࡓࡵ࡟
࡛ຠ⋡ⓗ࡟࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠕᑠᏛ⏕ࡢⓎ㐩
ࡣࣅࣈ࣮ࣛࢺࡣ୙ྍḞ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᐇ㝿࡟ࣅࣈࣛ
ẁ㝵࡟ᛂࡌࡓ⦓ᐦ࡛ࢩࢫࢸ࣒໬ࡉࢀࡓ⦎⩦ィ
࣮ࢺࡢᣦᑟࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ࣈࣞࢫࢆ῝
⏬ࡢసᡂ࡜ᩍᮦ㑅ᢥࠖࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡃ࡜ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾ㸪㡢ᅽࡶ㧗ࡲࡾ㸪㡢Ⰽࡀ⨾
୍ே୍ேࡢಶᛶࢆ኱ษ࡟ࡋࡓಶูᣦᑟࢆࢩࢫ
ࡋࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ㔠⟶㸪྿ዌᴦάືࢆ㏻
ࢸ࣒໬ࡋ࡚⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀࡼࡾ▷᫬㛫࡛ຠᯝⓗ࡞
ࡋ࡚㡢ᴦⓗ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚
ᣦᑟ࡟ࡴࡍࡧࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࡃ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
㡢ᴦࡢᤵᴗࢆࡼࡾάᛶ໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
ᴦ㆕㸿
ჽဋ̲ɟ≝‫ܖݱ‬ఄ↚ⅹↀ↺јௐႎ↙ሥ৙ಏ֥ਦ‫ݰ‬ඥ↚↓ⅳ↕↝ᎋ‫‒ݑ‬
ᴦ㆕ B
109
110
ᴦ㆕㹁㸫㸯
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌
ჽဋ̲ɟ≝‫ܖݱ‬ఄ↚ⅹↀ↺јௐႎ↙ሥ৙ಏ֥ਦ‫ݰ‬ඥ↚↓ⅳ↕↝ᎋ‫‒ݑ‬
ᴦ㆕㹁㸫㸰
111
112
ᴦ㆕㹁㸫㸱
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌
ჽဋ̲ɟ≝‫ܖݱ‬ఄ↚ⅹↀ↺јௐႎ↙ሥ৙ಏ֥ਦ‫ݰ‬ඥ↚↓ⅳ↕↝ᎋ‫‒ݑ‬
ᴦ㆕㹁㸫㸲
113
114
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌
ᴦ㆕㹂
༙㡢ୖࡆࡿ ༙ 㡢 ୗ ࡆ ࡿ
ჽဋ̲ɟ≝‫ܖݱ‬ఄ↚ⅹↀ↺јௐႎ↙ሥ৙ಏ֥ਦ‫ݰ‬ඥ↚↓ⅳ↕↝ᎋ‫‒ݑ‬
ᴦ㆕㹃
115
116
ᴦ㆕㹄㸫㸯㸦ࡍ࡭࡚ࢫ࣮࡛ࣛ₇ዌࡍࡿ㸧
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌
ჽဋ̲ɟ≝‫ܖݱ‬ఄ↚ⅹↀ↺јௐႎ↙ሥ৙ಏ֥ਦ‫ݰ‬ඥ↚↓ⅳ↕↝ᎋ‫‒ݑ‬
ᴦ㆕㹄㸫㸰㸦ࡍ࡭࡚ࢫ࣮࡛ࣛ₇ዌࡍࡿ㸧
117
118
ᴦ㆕㹅㸫㸯
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌
ჽဋ̲ɟ≝‫ܖݱ‬ఄ↚ⅹↀ↺јௐႎ↙ሥ৙ಏ֥ਦ‫ݰ‬ඥ↚↓ⅳ↕↝ᎋ‫‒ݑ‬
ᴦ㆕㹅㸫㸰
119
120
ᴦ㆕㹅㸫㸱
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌
ჽဋ̲ɟ≝‫ܖݱ‬ఄ↚ⅹↀ↺јௐႎ↙ሥ৙ಏ֥ਦ‫ݰ‬ඥ↚↓ⅳ↕↝ᎋ‫‒ݑ‬
ᴦ㆕㹅㸫㸲
121
122
ᴦ㆕㹆㸫㸯
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌
ჽဋ̲ɟ≝‫ܖݱ‬ఄ↚ⅹↀ↺јௐႎ↙ሥ৙ಏ֥ਦ‫ݰ‬ඥ↚↓ⅳ↕↝ᎋ‫‒ݑ‬
ᴦ㆕㹆㸫㸰
123
124
ᴦ㆕㹆㸫㸱
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌
ჽဋ̲ɟ≝‫ܖݱ‬ఄ↚ⅹↀ↺јௐႎ↙ሥ৙ಏ֥ਦ‫ݰ‬ඥ↚↓ⅳ↕↝ᎋ‫‒ݑ‬
ᴦ㆕㹆㸫㸲
125
126
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌
ᴦ㆕㹆㸫㸳
ᘬ⏝ᴦ㆕࣭ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩
㸦㸧ࠕ-%& ࣂࣥࢻࢫࢱࢹ࢕࣮ࠖ ᪥ᮏࣂࣥࢻࢡࣜࢽ
ࢵࢡጤဨ఍ ࣐ࣖࣁᰴᘧ఍♫
㸦㸧ࠕࢿ࣒ࣂࣥࢻࢫࢱࢹ࢕ࠖ ᪥ᮏࣂࣥࢻࢡࣜࢽࢵ
ࢡጤဨ఍ ࣐ࣖࣁᰴᘧ఍♫
127
᭗೛ଔᒁ≝ஜ‫ܖܖ‬ဃ↝៲˳ኵ঺↚᧙ↈ↺ɟᎋ‫ݑ‬
‫إ‬ԓ∝᝻૰
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌‒
‒ ஜ‫ܖܖ‬ဃ↝៲˳ኵ঺↚᧙ↈ↺ɟᎋ‫ݑ‬
᭘೛‒ ଔᒁ1
äääääääääääääääääääää‒ ⇓∞∕∞⇯‒ ääääääääääääääääääää
‒ ៲˳ኵ঺≋Body Composition≌‒ ᭌ఍ሂ㸦Skeletal Muscle㸧 ˳ᏢᏆྙ㸦Skeletal Muscle㸧 ᨨ↻Ꮔ฼㸦Hidden Obesity㸧
㸯㸬◊✲ࡢ┠ⓗ
ࠕIn Bodyࠖࢆά⏝ࡋࡓ೺ᗣᩍ⫱ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࠊࡑ
ࡢຠᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ሗ࿌ࡍࡿࠋ
㏆ᖺ 10㹼20 ௦ࡢⱝ⪅ࡣ⑭ࡏᆺᚿྥࡀᙉࡃࠊ
እぢࡣ⑭ࡏ࡚ぢ࠼࡚ࡶయ⬡⫫⋡ࡀ㧗࠸ᡤㅝࠕ㞃
㸰㸬᪉ἲ
ࢀ⫧‶࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࢣ࣮ࢫࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢഴྥࡣࠊ
እぢࡤ࠿ࡾ࡟࡜ࡽࢃࢀ࣮࢝ࣟࣜࡔࡅ࡟ὀ┠ࡋࡓ
㸰㸬㸯 ⿕᳨⪅
↓⌮࡞ࢲ࢖࢚ࢵࢺࢆࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ
⿕᳨⪅ࡣࠊᮏᏛᚲಟ⛉┠ࠕࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᐇᢏࠖ
㸦㐌
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ሗ࿌ࡣᮏᏛࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊ(1)బࠎᮌࡽ
㸯ᅇ 90 ศ㸧ࢆཷㅮࡍࡿᮏᏛᏛ⏕࡛ࠊᮏ◊✲ࡢ
(బࠎᮌ㐨Ꮚ㸸2000㸪㹮.97)ࡸ
㊃᪨࡟ྠពࡋࡓ᪂ධ⏕⏨Ꮚ 19 ྡ࠾ࡼࡧዪᏊ 12
㸦2㸧
᪂ᇼࡽ(᪂ᇼከ
㈡Ꮚ㸸2013㸪㹮147-149)ࠊ(3)ᐑᮧࡽ(ᐑᮧⱱ⣖㸸
ྡࠊィ 31 ྡࢆᑐ㇟࡟ㄪᰝࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋ
2002㸪㹮56)ࡢ◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶྠᵝࡢሗ࿌ࡀ࡞
ࡉࢀࠊၥ㢟どࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࢲ࢖࢚ࢵࢺࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋࡓⱝ⪅ࡢ೫㣗ࡣࠊ᭱ࡶ
㸰㸬㸰 ᐃ㡯┠
㸰㸬㸰㸬㸯 ㌟య⤌ᡂ
௦ㅰάᛶࡢ㧗࠸᫬ᮇ࡟㦵㔞ቑຍࡢጉࡆ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ
㌟య⤌ᡂࡣ㌟㛗ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧయ㔜ࠊయ⬡⫫⋡ࠊ
ᚑࡗ࡚᭱኱㦵㔞ࡀప್ࡢࡲࡲ୰㧗ᖺ㱋ࢆ㏄࠼ࠊ
BMI(Body Mass Index)ࠊ㦵᱁➽㔞ࠊBMC(Bone
㦵⢒㧼⑕ࡀቑຍࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᠱᛕࡉࢀ࡚
Mineral Content)ࠊ㞃ࢀ⫧‶࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ4 ᭶࡟ 1
࠸ࡿ(4)(≟అ▱Ꮚ㸸2010㸪㹮11-12)ࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ㦵
ᅇ┠㸦௨ୗ pre㸧࠾ࡼࡧ 7 ᭶ࡢ 12 ᅇ⤊஢ᚋ㸦௨
㔞ῶᑡࢆ㜵ࡄ࡟ࡣ࢝ࣝࢩ࣒࢘࡜ྠࡌࡃࡽ࠸㐠ື
ୗ post㸧࡟ ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ࡞࠾ࠊయ⬡⫫⋡ุᐃ
่⃭ࡀᚲせ࡞ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊࡑࢀ࡯࡝ㄆ㆑ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞
ᇶ‽್ࡣ⏨ᛶ 10㸣㹼20㸣ᮍ‶ࠊዪᛶ 20㸣㹼
࠸ࠋ
30㸣ᮍ‶ࢆᶆ‽⠊ᅖෆ࡜ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊBMI ࡣయ
ᮏᏛ࡛ࡣᚲಟ⛉┠࡛࠶ࡿࠕࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᐇᢏࠖㅮ
㔜/㌟㛗(m) 㸰࡛ồࡵࡽࢀ⫧‶ᗘࡢᣦᶆ࡜ࡋ࡚⏝
⩏ࢆ㏻ࡋࠊᏛ⏕ྛࠎࡀ㐠ືࡣ࡞ࡐᚲせ࡞ࡢ࠿ࢆ
࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋWHO㸦ୡ⏺ಖ೺ᶵ㛵㸧࡟ࡼࡿ
⌮ゎࡋࠊ⏕ᾭࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࡬⧅ࡆࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ
BMI ࡢᶆ‽⠊ᅖࡣ 18.5ӌBMI㸺25.0kg/㹫㸰࡛
࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲ࡣࡑࡢ୍ຓ࡜ࡋ࡚యᡂศศᯒჾ
࠶ࡾࠊ18.5kg/㹫㸰ᮍ‶ࢆ⑭ࡏᆺ࣭25.0kg/㹫㸰௨
‒
‒
․•‣‧ ࠰ ‫ ‫‬உ ․‧ ଐӖྸ‒
A study on the body composition of the students of Kaichi International University.
“‣ ⁅⁓⁠⁓⁗‒⁆⁓⁝⁓⁚⁓⁥⁚⁛‒
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖ⇪∞⇈∑∏⇿∐ ‒ܖٻ‬ᢿ‒
‒
ୖࢆ࣮࢜ࣂ࣮࢙࢘࢖ࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ
BMI ࡀᶆ‽⠊ᅖෆࡢᏛ⏕ࡢ࠺ࡕయ⬡⫫⋡ࡀ⫧
‶ഴྥ㸦⏨ᛶ 20㸣௨ୖࠊዪᛶ 30㸣௨ୖ㸧ࡢ⪅
128
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌
ࢆ㞃ࢀ⫧‶࡜ᐃ⩏ࡋࠊேᩘ࠾ࡼࡧ๭ྜࢆㄪᰝࡋ
ྛ ᐃ㡯┠࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⤫ィฎ⌮ࡣࠊᖹᆒ್sᶆ
ࡓࠋBMC ࡣ↓ᶵ㉁㔞࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㦵㔞ࡢᣦᶆ࡜ࡋ
‽೫ᕪ࡛♧ࡋࠊ4 ᭶ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜ 7 ᭶ࡢ⤖ᯝࢆẚ㍑
࡚ࡼࡃ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡍࡿⅭ࡟ᑐᛂࡢ࠶ࡿ㹲᳨ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ᭷
㌟య⤌ᡂࡢ ᐃ࡟ࡣࠊBIA(Bio electric Im-
ពᕪࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ㡯┠࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㐠ື⩦័࠾ࡼࡧ
pedance Analysis)ἲࢆ⏝࠸ࡓయᡂศศᯒჾ In
ฟᖍ≧ἣ࡜ࡢ┦㛵ಀᩘࢆㄪ࡭ࡿⅭ࡟ࠊPearson
Body 720㸦ࣂ࢖࢜ࢫ࣮࣌ࢫ♫〇㸧ࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓࠋ
ಀᩘࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋ
BIA ἲࡣࠊேయ࡟ᚤᙅ࡞㟁Ẽࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࡑࡢ㟁Ẽ
㸱㸬⤖ᯝ
᢬ᢠ್ࢆ ᐃࡋࠊ㌟య⤌ᡂࢆ᥎ᐃࡍࡿ᪉ἲ࡛࠶
ࡿࠋ
㸱㸬㸯 ㌟య⤌ᡂ
㸰㸬㸰㸬㸰 㐠ື⩦័࠾ࡼࡧฟᖍᅇᩘ
㸱㸬㸯㸬㸯 ㌟㛗
pre ࠾ࡼࡧ post ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᖹᆒ㌟㛗ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡒ
ᚲಟ⛉┠ࠕࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᐇᢏࠖ௨እࡢ㐠ື⩦័ࢆ
ㄪ࡭ࡿⅭ࡟ࠊ1 㐌㛫ࡢ࠺ࡕ㐠ືࢆఱ᪥⾜ࡗ࡚࠸
ࡿ࠿ࢆ 12 ᅇ┠⤊஢ᚋ⪺ࡁྲྀࡾ࡟࡚ㄪᰝࡋࡓࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊ඲ 15 ᅇ୰ࡢฟᖍᅇᩘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶㄪᰝࡋ
ࡓࠋ
ࢀ 165.2s0.1cmࠊ165.3s0.1cm ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ⏨
ዪู࡛ࡣ⏨ᛶ pre ್ 170.2s6.2cmࠊpost ್
170.3s6.1cm ࡛࠶ࡾࠊዪᛶࡣ pre ್ 157.2s
4.7cmࠊpost ್ 157.5s4.7cm ࡛ࠊpre ್࡜ post
್ࡢẚ㍑࡟࠾࠸࡚࠸ࡎࢀࡢ⩌㛫࡟ࡶ᭷ពᕪࡣㄆ
ࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸦⾲ 1ࠊᅗ 1㸧ࠋ
㸰㸬㸱 ⤫ィฎ⌮
⾲䠍䚷⏨ዪูᖹᆒ䛚䜘䜃඲యᖹᆒ⤖ᯝ୍ぴ
⏨ᛶ㼜㼞㼑
⏨ᛶ㼜㼛㼟㼠
ዪᛶ㼜㼞㼑
ዪᛶ㼜㼛㼟㼠
඲య㼜㼞㼑
඲య㼜㼛㼟㼠
㌟㛗㻔㼏㼙㻕
㻝㻣㻜㻚㻞㼼㻢㻚㻞
㻝㻣㻜㻚㻟㼼㻢㻚㻝
㻝㻡㻣㻚㻞㼼㻠㻚㻣
㻝㻡㻣㻚㻡㼼㻠㻚㻣
㻝㻢㻡㻚㻞㼼㻜㻚㻝
㻝㻢㻡㻚㻟㼼㻜㻚㻝
య㔜㻔㼗㼓㻕
㻢㻞㻚㻠㼼㻥㻚㻢
㻢㻞㻚㻡㼼㻝㻜㻚㻟
㻡㻡㻚㻞㼼㻝㻝㻚㻜
㻡㻠㻚㻤㼼㻝㻜㻚㻜
㻡㻥㻚㻢㼼㻝㻜㻚㻣
䠆䠆䠆
㻡㻥㻚㻡㼼㻝㻜㻚㻥
䠆䠆
య⬡⫫⋡㻔㻑㻕
㻝㻣㻚㻢㼼㻠㻚㻢
㻝㻣㻚㻟㼼㻠㻚㻣
㻟㻝㻚㻥㼼㻢㻚㻤
㻞㻥㻚㻟㼼㻣㻚㻞
㻞㻟㻚㻝㼼㻥㻚㻝
㻞㻞㻚㻜㼼㻤㻚㻟
㻮㻹㻵㻔㼗㼓㻛㼙㻞㻕
㻞㻝㻚㻡㼼㻞㻚㻤
㻞㻝㻚㻡㼼㻟㻚㻜
㻞㻞㻚㻠㼼㻠㻚㻡
㻞㻞㻚㻞㼼㻠㻚㻝
㻞㻝㻚㻤㼼㻟㻚㻡
㻞㻝㻚㻤㼼㻟㻚㻠
㞃䜜⫧‶㻔ྡ䠅
㻠ྡ䠄㻞㻝㻚㻝䠂䠅 㻡ྡ䠄㻞㻢㻚㻟䠂䠅
㻠ྡ䠄㻟㻟㻚㻟䠂䠅 㻞ྡ䠄㻝㻢㻚㻣䠂䠅
㻤ྡ䠄㻞㻡㻚㻤䠂䠅 㻣ྡ䠄㻞㻞㻚㻢䠂䠅
䠆
䠆
㦵᱁➽㔞䠄㼗㼓䠅
㻞㻤㻚㻢㼼㻠㻚㻝
㻞㻤㻚㻤㼼㻟㻚㻥
㻝㻥㻚㻥㼼㻞㻚㻥
㻞㻜㻚㻡㼼㻞㻚㻟
㻞㻡㻚㻟㼼㻡㻚㻣
㻞㻡㻚㻢㼼㻡㻚㻠
㻮㻹㻯㻔㼗㼓㻕
㻞㻚㻤㻣㼼㻜㻚㻠㻝
㻞㻚㻤㻤㼼㻜㻚㻠㻝
㻞㻚㻞㻡㼼㻜㻚㻞㻣
㻞㻚㻟㻜㼼㻜㻚㻞㻝
㻞㻚㻢㻟㼼㻜㻚㻠㻤
㻞㻚㻢㻡㼼㻜㻚㻠㻣
㐠ື⩦័㻔ᅇ㻛㐌䠅
䢟
㻝㻚㻢㻟㼼㻞㻚㻟㻠
䢟
ฟᖍ≧ἣ䠄ᅇ㻛㻝㻡ᅇ䠅
䢟
㻝㻟㻚㻟㼼㻝㻚㻣
䢟
㻜
㻝㻟㻚㻠㼼㻞㻚㻜
䢟
㻝㻚㻜㻜㼼㻞㻚㻜㻡
䢟
㻝㻟㻚㻠㼼㻝㻚㻥
䠆䠘㻜㻚㻜㻡
䠆䠆䠘㻜㻚㻜㻝
䠆䠆䠆䠘㻜㻚㻜㻜㻝
129
᭗೛ଔᒁ≝ஜ‫ܖܖ‬ဃ↝៲
៲˳ኵ঺↚᧙ↈ↺ɟᎋ‫ݑ‬
㸱㸬㸯㸬㸰 య㔜
kgࠊpost ್ࡣ
ࡣ 54.8s10.0
0kg ࡛࠶
್ 55.2s11.0k
య㔜ࡣࠊ
ࠊpre ್ 59..6s10.7kgࠊpost ್ 59..5
ࡓࠋ࠸ࡎࢀࡢ
ࡢ⩌㛫࡟ࡶ᭷
᭷ពᕪࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿
ࡗࡓ
s10.9kg ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡲ
ࡲࡓࠊ⏨ዪู
ู࡛ࡣ⏨ᛶ prre
ࡗࡓ
ࡓࡀࠊዪᛶ⩌
⩌࡟ࡸࡸῶᑡ
ᑡഴྥࡀࡳࡽࢀ
ࢀࡓ㸦⾲
್ 62.4s9.6kgࠊpost ್ 62.5s10.3kgࠊዪᛶ prre
1ࠊᅗ 2㸧ࠋ
㸱㸬㸯㸬㸱 య⬡⫫⋡
⋡
posst ್ 29.3s7
7.2㸣࡛ pre ್
್࠾ࡼࡧ posst ್㛫࡟
య⬡⫫⋡
⋡ࡣࠊpre ್ 23.1s9.1㸣ࠊpost ್ 22..0
s8.3㸣࡛
࡛᭷ព࡞ῶᑡ㸦P㸺0.01㸧ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋ⏨
⏨
ዪู࡛ࡣ⏨
⏨ᛶ pre ್ 17.6s4.6㸣ࠊ
1
post ್ 17..3
᫂ࡽ࠿࡞ῶᑡ㸦P㸺0.001㸧
㸦
ࡀ
ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓ
ࡓ㸦⾲ 1ࠊ
ᅗ 3㸧ࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊ
ࡲ
⫧‶ഴ
ഴྥ࡟࠶ࡿᏛ⏕
⏕ࡣࠊpre ࡛ 14 ྡ/31
s4.7㸣࡛
࡛ࢃࡎ࠿࡞ࡀࡽῶᑡࡋࡓࡀ
ࡀ᭷ពᕪࡣㄆ
ㄆ
ྡ㸦⣙ 45.2㸣㸧࡛ࠊࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ
ࡕ⏨ᛶ 6 ྡ/1
19 ྡ㸦⣙
ࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿
࠿ࡗࡓࠋዪᛶ
ᛶࡣ pre ್ 31
1.9s6.8㸣ࠊ
31.6㸣㸧ࠊዪᛶ 8 ྡ/12 ྡ㸦⣙
⣙ 66.7㸣㸧࡛࠶
࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
130
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬
‫ܖ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌
ӭ
post ࡛
࡛ࡣ⏨ᛶ 7 ྡ㸦⣙
ྡ
36.8㸣
㸣㸧ࠊዪᛶ 6 ྡ
ィ 15 ྡ㸦⣙ 48.4㸣㸧࡛࠶
࠶ࡾࠊ⏨ᛶ⩌࡟
࡟࠾࠸࡚ 2
㸦50.0㸣
㸣㸧ࠊィ 13 ྡ㸦⣙
ྡ
41.9㸣㸧࡛࠶ࡾࠊዪ
ዪᛶ
ྡῶᑡࡋࡓࠋ
ྡ
࡞࠾ࠊ⑭ࡏᆺ
ᆺࡣ pre ࡟࠾
࠾࠸࡚ 0 ྡ
⩌࡛ࡣ 2 ྡῶᑡࡋࡓ
ࡓࠋᶆ‽⠊ᅖ
ᅖࡢᏛ⏕ࡣࠊ pre
࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊ
࡛
post ࡛ࡣ⏨ᛶ
ᛶ㸯ྡ㸦⣙ 5.3㸣㸧
5
ࠊዪ
࡛ 17 ྡ
ྡ㸦⣙ 54.8㸣
㸣㸧ࠊࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ
ࡕ⏨ᛶ 13 ྡ 㸦⣙
ᛶ 2 ྡ㸦⣙ 16.7㸣㸧ࠊィ 3 ྡ㸦⣙ 9.7㸣
㸣㸧ቑຍࡋ
68.4㸣㸧ࠊዪᛶ 4 ྡ㸦⣙ 33.3㸣㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋP
Post
ࡓ㸦⾲
ࡓ
2ࠊᅗ 3㸧ࠋ
࡛ࡣ⏨ᛶ
ᛶ 11 ྡ㸦⣙ 57
7.9㸣㸧
ࠊዪᛶ 4 ྡ㸦⣙ 33.3
3㸣㸧ࠊ
⾲㻞 䚷య
య⬡⫫⋡䛚䜘䜃
䜃㻮㻹㻵䛻䛚䛡
䛡䜛⫧⑭ᗘูே
ேᩘ䛾ẚ㍑
య
య⬡⫫⋡
㻮㻹㻵
㞃
㞃䜜⫧‶
⑭䛫ᆺ
ᶆ‽
⫧
⫧‶
⑭䛫ᆺ
ᶆ
ᶆ‽
䜸䞊䝞䞊
䜴䜵
䜵䜲䝖
䠄 䠂䠅
⏨ᛶ㼜㼞㼑 㻔㼚㻩㻝㻥㻕
㻜
㻝㻟
㻢
㻝
㻝㻢
㻞
㻠㻔㻞㻝㻚㻝㻕
⏨ᛶ㼜㼛㼟㼟㼠㻔㼚㻩㻝㻥㻕
㻝
㻝㻝
㻣
㻝
㻝㻢
㻞
㻡㻔㻞㻢㻚㻟㻕
ዪᛶ䡌䡎䡁
䡁㻔㼚㻩㻝㻞㻕
㻜
㻠
㻤
㻞
㻢
㻠
㻠㻔㻟㻟㻚㻟㻕
ዪᛶ㼜㼛㼟㼟㼠㻔㼚㻩㻝㻞㻕
㻞
㻠
㻢
㻝
㻣
㻠
㻞㻔㻝㻢㻚㻣㻕
඲య㼜㼞㼑 㻔㼚㻩㻟㻝㻕
㻜
㻝㻣
㻝㻠
㻟
㻞㻞
㻢
㻤㻔㻞㻡㻚㻤㻕
඲య㼜㼛㼟㼟㼠㻔㼚㻩㻟㻝㻕
㻟
㻝㻡
㻝㻟
㻞
㻞㻟
㻢
㻣㻔㻞㻞㻚㻢㻕
㸱㸬㸯㸬㸲 BMI
BMI ࡟
࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊpre ್ 21.8s
s3.5kg/㹫2ࠊp
post
್ 21.8s
s3.4kg/m2 ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡲ
࡛
ࡓࠊ⏨ᛶ pree ್
21.5s2
2.8kg/㹫2ࠊpoost ್ 21.5s
s3.0kg/m2 ࡛
࡛࠶
ࡾࠊዪᛶ
ࡾ
pre
e ್ 22.4s4 .5kg/m2ࠊpo
ost ್ 22.2
2 ࡛࠸ࡎࢀࡢẚ
s4.1kg/m
s
࡛
ẚ㍑࡟࠾࠸࡚
࡚ࡶ᭷ពᕪ
ࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞
ࡣ
࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸦⾲ 1ࠊᅗ 4㸧ࠋ
131
᭗೛ଔᒁ≝ஜ‫ܖܖ‬ဃ↝៲
៲˳ኵ঺↚᧙ↈ↺ɟᎋ‫ݑ‬
pre ࡟ ࠾ࡅࡿ⑭ࡏ ᆺࡣ⏨ᛶ㸯ྡ
ྡ/19 ྡ㸦⣙
⣙
㸦⣙
⣙ 8.3㸣㸧
ࠊィ
ィ 2 ྡ㸦⣙ 66.5㸣㸧࡛ࠊᶆ
ᶆ‽⏨ᛶ
5.3㸣㸧ࠊዪ
ዪᛶ 2 ྡ/12 ྡ㸦16.7㸣㸧
㸧ࠊィ 3 ྡ/3
31
16 ྡ㸦⣙ 84.2
2㸣㸧ࠊዪᛶ 7 ྡ㸦⣙ 58.3
3㸣㸧ࠊィ
ྡ㸦⣙ 9.7
7㸣㸧ࠊᶆ‽ࡣ
ࡣ⏨ᛶ 16 ྡ㸦⣙ 84.2㸣㸧
㸧ࠊ
23 ྡ㸦⣙ 74.2㸣㸧ࠊ࣮࢜ࣂ
ࣂ࣮࢙࢘࢖ࢺ⏨
⏨ᛶ 2 ྡ
ዪᛶ 6 ྡ㸦50㸣㸧ࠊィ
ィ 22 ྡ㸦⣙ 71.0㸣㸧
7
ࠊ࣮࢜
࣮
/19
9 ྡ㸦⣙ 10.5㸣
㸣㸧ࠊዪᛶ 4 ྡ
ྡ/12 ྡ㸦⣙ 33
3.3㸣㸧ࠊ
ࣂ࣮࢙࢘࢖
࢖ࢺ⏨ᛶ 2 ྡ㸦⣙
ྡ
10.5㸣
㸣㸧
ࠊዪᛶ 4 ྡ
ィ 6 ྡ/31 ྡ㸦⣙ 19.4㸣㸧࡛
࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
㸦⾲ 2ࠊ⾲
㸦⣙ 33.3㸣㸧
ࠊィ 6 ྡ㸦⣙
ྡ
19.4㸣
㸣㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
ࠋ
3ࠊᅗ 4㸧
Post ࡛ࡣ⑭ࡏᆺ⏨ᛶ 1 ྡ㸦⣙ 5.3㸣
㸣㸧ࠊዪᛶ㸯ྡ
ྡ
⾲㻟 䚷 㻮㻹 㻵䛻䛚䛡䜛⫧⑭
㻵
⑭ᗘูேᩘ䛾
䛾๭ྜ䠄 㻞 㻜 ṓ௦඲ᅜᖹᆒ
ṓ
್䛸䛾ẚ㍑䠅䠅
⑭
⑭䛫ᆺ
ᶆ‽
‽
䜸䞊
䞊䝞䞊䜴䜵䜲䝖
䝖
⏨ᛶ㼜㼜㼞㼑
㻡㻚㻟㻑
㻤㻠㻚㻞㻑㻑
㻝㻜㻚㻡㻑
⏨ᛶ㼜㼛
㼛㼟㼠
㻡㻚㻟㻑
㻤㻠㻚㻞㻑㻑
㻝㻜㻚㻡㻑
඲ᅜ⏨
⏨ᛶ
㻠㻚㻣㻑
㻢㻢㻚㻣㻑㻑
㻞㻤㻚㻢㻑
ዪᛶ㼜㼜㼞㼑
㻝㻢㻚㻣㻑
㻡㻜㻚㻜㻑㻑
㻟㻟㻚㻟㻑
ዪᛶ㼜㼛
㼛㼟㼠
㻤㻚㻟㻑
㻡㻤㻚㻟㻑㻑
㻟㻟㻚㻟㻑
඲ᅜዪ
ዪᛶ
㻝㻞㻚㻟㻑
㻢㻣㻚㻠㻑㻑
㻞㻜㻚㻟㻑
ཧ↷䠖ᖹᡂ㻞㻡ᖺᅜẸ
Ẹ೺ᗣ䞉ᰤ㣴ㄪᰝ
ᰝ
132
㸱㸬㸯㸬㸳 㞃ࢀ⫧
⫧‶
⫧‶ᗘ
ᗘࡀᶆ‽⠊ᅖ
ᅖ㸦18.5ӌBM
MI㸺25.0kg/㹫
㹫 2㸧
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬
‫ܖ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌
ӭ
ィ 8 ྡ/31 ྡ㸦⣙
ྡ
25.8㸣
㸣㸧ࡀ㞃ࢀ⫧‶
‶࡜ุᐃࡉ
ࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ
ࢀ
post ࡛ࡣ⏨
⏨ᛶ 5 ྡ㸦⣙ 26.3㸣㸧ࠊ
࡟࠶ࡾࠊୟࡘ⫧‶㸦
㸦య⬡⫫⋡⏨ᛶ
ᛶ 20㸣௨ୖࠊ
ࠊዪ
ዪᛶ
ዪ 2 ྡ㸦⣙
⣙ 16.7㸣㸧ࠊィ
ィ 7 ྡ㸦⣙ 22.6㸣㸧࡛
2
ᛶ 30㸣㸧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᏛ
Ꮫ⏕ࡣࠊpre ࡟࠾࠸࡚⏨ᛶ
ᛶ4
࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
࠶
㸦⾲ 1ࠊ⾲ 2ࠊᅗ
ᅗ 5㸧
ྡ/19 ྡ㸦⣙ 21.1㸣㸧ࠊዪᛶ 4 ྡ/12
2 ྡ㸦⣙ 33.3㸣
㸣㸧ࠊ
㸱㸬㸯㸬㸴 㦵᱁➽
➽㔞
ࡽࢀࡓࡀ᭷ព
ࡽ
ពᕪࡣㄆࡵࡽ
ࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ
ࡓࠋዪᛶࡣ
pre ࡢ
ࡢ㦵᱁➽㔞ࡣ
ࡣ 25.3s5.7k
kg ࡛࠶ࡾࠊp
post
pre
p ್ 19.9s
s2.9kg ࡛ࠊp
post ್ 20.5s2.3kg ࡜
್ࡢ 25.6s5.4kg ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞
࡞ቑຍ㸦P㸺0
0.05㸧
ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞
ࡢ
࡞ቑຍ(P<0.055)ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ
ࢀࡓ
㸦⾲ 1ࠊ
ࡀㄆࡵࡽ
ࡽࢀࡓࠋ⏨ዪ
ዪู࡛ࡣ⏨ᛶ pre ್ 28. 6s
ᅗ 6㸧ࠋ
4.1kgࠊpost ್ 28.8
8s3.9kg ࡛ࠊቑຍഴྥࡀ
ࡀࡳ
133
᭗೛ଔᒁ≝ஜ‫ܖܖ‬ဃ↝៲
៲˳ኵ঺↚᧙ↈ↺ɟᎋ‫ݑ‬
㸱㸬㸯㸬㸵 BMC
pre
e ್ 2.87s0.41kgࠊpostt ್ 2.88s0.41kg ࡛
BMC ࡣ
ࡣࠊpre ್ 2.6
63s0.48kgࠊpost ್ 2.6
65
࡯ࡰ
ࡰྠ➼࡛࠶ࡗ
ࡗࡓࠋ
ዪᛶࡣ p
pre ್ 2.25s
s0.27kgࠊ
s0.47kg ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ᭷ព
ពᕪࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀ
ࡀࠊ
posst ್ 2.30s0
0.21kg ࡛ቑຍ
ຍഴྥࡀࡳࡽ
ࡽࢀࡓࡀ
ࡸࡸቑຍഴ
ഴྥࡀࡳࡽࢀ
ࢀࡓࠋ⏨ዪู࡟ࡳࡿ࡜⏨ᛶ
ᛶ
᭷ព
ពᕪࡣㄆࡵࡽ
ࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ
ࡓ㸦⾲ 1ࠊᅗ 7㸧
7 ࠋ
㸲 ⪃ᐹ
ᐹ
㸱㸬㸰 㐠
㐠ື⩦័
㐠ື⩦័
័ࡣᖹᆒ 1.0
0s2.0 ᅇ/㐌࡛
࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㐠ື⩦
⩦
័ࡢ࠶ࡿ⪅
⪅ࡣ 7 ྡ㸦⣙ 22.6㸣㸧ࠊ
ࠕࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᐇᢏࠖ
ࠖ
ࡢࡳࡢᏛ⏕
⏕ࡣ 24 ྡ㸦
㸦⣙ 77.4㸣㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ࡞
࡞
࠾ࠊ㐠ື⩦
⩦័ࡢ࠶ࡿ⪅
⪅ࡣ㸯ᅇ 30 ศ௨ୖࡢ㐠ື
ື
ᮏ◊✲࡟࠾ࡅ
ᮏ
ࡅࡿ㌟㛗ᖹᆒ
ᆒ್㸦⾲ 1ࠊᅗ
ᅗ 1㸧ࡣ
࠸ࡎ
ࡎࢀࡶ post ್࡟࠾࠸࡚ࢃ
್
ࢃࡎ࠿࡟㧗࠿
࠿ࡗࡓࠋ㌟
㛗ࡀ
ࡀ 0.5~1.0cm
m ఙࡧ࡚࠸ࡓ
ࡓ 5 ྡ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᡂ
ࢆ㐌 3 ᅇ௨
௨ୖ⾜ࡗ࡚࠾
࠾ࡾࠊ඲࡚⏨ᛶ㸦ᖹᆒ 1.6
63
㛗࡟
࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࠿
࠿ ᐃㄗᕪ࡞ ࡢ࠿௒ᅇࡢ ᐃ࡛ࡣ
s2.34 ᅇ//㐌㸧࡛ዪᛶ࡟
࡟㐠ື⩦័ࡢ
ࡢ࠶ࡿ⪅ࡣ࠸࡞
࡞
ุᐃ
ᐃ୙⬟࡛࠶ࡗ
ࡗࡓࠋ
࠿ࡗࡓ㸦⾲
⾲ 1㸧ࠋࡲࡓࠊ᭷ពᕪࡀㄆ
ㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓ㡯┠
┠
࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ 㐠ື⩦័࡜ ࡢ┦㛵㛵ಀࢆ
ࢆㄪ࡭ࡿࡓࡵ
ࡵ
Pearson ಀ
ಀᩘࢆ⏝࠸࡚
᳨࡚ウࡋࡓࡀ
ࡀࠊ௒ᅇࡢㄪᰝ
ᰝ
࡟࠾࠸࡚┦
┦㛵㛵ಀࡣㄆ
ㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
㸦⾲ 1ࠊᅗ 2㸧 ࡛ࡣ⏨ᛶ⩌
య㔜ᖹᆒ್
య
⩌࡟ኚ໬
ࡣࡳ
ࡳࡽࢀࡎࠊዪ
ዪᛶ⩌࡛ࡣ᭷
᭷ពᕪࡣ࡞࠸ࡀ
ࡀῶᑡഴ
ྥࡀ
ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊpre ࠾
࠾ࡼࡧ post 㛫ࡢయ⬡
㛫
⫫⋡
⋡㸦⾲ 1ࠊᅗ
ᅗ 3㸧ࢆẚ㍑ࡍ
ࡍࡿ࡜᭷ព࡟
࡟ῶᑡ
㸦P
P<0.01㸧ࡋ࡚
࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡇ
ࡇࡢ⌧㇟ࡣ⏨ᛶ
ᛶࡀࡸࡸ
㸱㸬㸱 ฟᖍᅇᩘ
⿕᳨⪅ࡢ
ࡢ
ࠕࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᐇ
ᐇᢏࠖ
ᖹᆒฟᖍᅇᩘࡣ 13..4
ῶᑡ
ᑡഴྥࡀࡳࡽ
ࡽࢀࡿࡀ᭷ព
ពᕪࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ
ࢀࡎࠊዪ
ᛶ࡟
࡟࠾࠸࡚᫂ࡽ
ࡽ࠿࡞ῶᑡ㸦 P㸺0.001㸧ࡀ
ࡀㄆࡵࡽ
s1.9 ᅇ࡛
࡛ࠊ⏨ዪู࡛ࡣ
ࡣ⏨ᛶ 13.3s
s1.7 ᅇࠊዪᛶ
ᛶ
ࢀࡓ
ࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊዪᛶ⩌ࡢῶ
ῶᑡࡀ኱ࡁࡃᙳ
ᙳ㡪ࡋࡓ
13.4s2.0
0 ᅇ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦⾲ 1㸧ࠋ
࡜⪃
⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
࡞࠾ࠊ௒
௒ᅇࡢㄪᰝ࡟
࡟࠾࠸࡚᭷ព
ពᕪࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ
ࢀ
ࡓ㡯┠࡟ࡘ
ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊP
Pearson ಀᩘ
ᩘࢆ⏝࠸࡚ฟᖍ
ᖍ
ᅇᩘ࡜ࡢ┦
┦㛵㛵ಀࢆㄪ
ㄪ࡭ࡓࡀࠊ᫂࠿࡞┦㛵㛵ಀ
ಀ
ࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ
ࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
㌟㛗࡜య㔜ࡢ
㌟
ࡢ๭ྜࢆ⾲ࡍ
ࡍ BMI㸦⾲ 1ࠊᅗ 4㸧
ࡣࠊ
ࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡢ⩌
⩌㛫࡟࠾࠸࡚
࡚ࡶ pre ࠾ࡼ
ࡼࡧ post
㛫࡟
࡟ኚ໬ࡣࡳࡽ
ࡽࢀࡎ࡯ࡰྠ
ྠ➼࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
ࠋᅗ 8ࠊ
ᅗ 9 ࡣࠊᮏᏛᏛ
Ꮫ⏕࡜(5)ᖹᡂ 225 ᖺᗘᅜẸ೺ᗣ࣭ᰤ
134
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬
‫ܖ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌
ӭ
㣴ㄪᰝ⤖
⤖ᯝ㸦ཌ⏕ປ
ປാ┬㸪2014㸹㹮4㸫5㸧ࡢ
ࡢẚ
ࡀከ࠸ࠋዪᛶ
ࡀ
ᛶ⩌ࡢయ⬡⫫⋡
⋡ࡀ㧗ࡃࠕࢫ
ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᐇ
㍑࡛࠶ࡿ
ࡿ㸦⾲ 3ࠊᅗ
ᅗ 8ࠊᅗ 9㸧ࠋ඲ᅜᖹᆒ್࡜
࡜ࡢ
ᢏࠖ௨እࡢ᪥
ᢏ
᪥ᖖ㐠ື⩦័ ࡀ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࠿
࠿ࡽࠊ⫧‶
ẚ㍑࡟࠾
࠾࠸࡚⏨ᛶࡣ
ࡣ⑭ࡏᆺ࡛ྠ➼
➼ࠊᶆ‽್ࡣ
ࡣ඲
࡟ࡼࡿ࣮࢜ࣂ
࡟
ࣂ࣮࢙࢘࢖ࢺ ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ
ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ
ᅜᖹᆒࡼ
ࡼࡾ㧗ࡃࠊ࢜
࣮࢜ࣂ࣮࢙࢘࢖
࢖ࢺࡢᏛ⏕ࡀ
ࡀᑡ
⫧‶⪅ᩘࡶ඲
⫧
඲ᅜᖹᆒ್ࡼ ࡾከ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ
ࡀ᥎ᐹࡉࢀࠊ
࡞࠿ࡗࡓ
ࡓࠋ㐠ື⩦័
័࠿ࡽ᥎ᐹࡍࡿ࡜ࠊᮏᏛ࡟
࡟࠾
௒ᚋࡢㄢ㢟࡛
௒
࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⑭ࡏᆺ
ᆺ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ
ࡣ pre ࡛඲
࠸࡚ࡣ࢔
࢔ࢫ࣮ࣜࢺ࡟
࡟ከ࠸➽⫗㔞㐣
㐣ከ࡟ࡼࡿ࢜
࣮࢜
ᅜᖹᆒࢆୖᅇ
ᅜ
ᅇࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊ
ࠊpost ࡛ࡣ඲
඲ᅜᖹᆒࡼ
ࣂ࣮࢙࢘
࢙࢖ࢺࡢᏛ⏕
⏕ࡣᑡ࡞࠸Ⅽࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞
࡞⤖
ࡾᑡ࡞࠸ࠋዪ
ࡾ
ዪᛶ⩌ࡢᶆ‽⠊
⠊ᅖᩘࡀ pre
e ࡼࡾ post
ᯝ࡟࡞ࡗ
ࡗࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡿ
ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊዪᛶ
ᛶ⩌ࡣ඲ᅜᖹ
ᖹᆒ
࡛ቑຍࡋ࡚࠸
࡛
࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ
ࠊ⑭ࡏᆺ࠿ࡽ
ࡽᶆ‽⠊ᅖ
ࡼࡾᶆ‽
‽⠊ᅖࡀᑡ࡞
࡞ࡃ࣮࢜ࣂ࣮࢙࢘࢖ࢺࡢᏛ
Ꮫ⏕
࡬⛣⾜ࡋࡓ࡜
࡬
࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ࠋ
㞃ࢀ⫧
⫧‶⪅ࡣࠊprre࣭post 㛫࡟
࡟࠾࠸࡚Ṥ࡝
࡝ࡢ
ࡣ㸯ྡቑ࠼࡚
ࡣ
࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡇࡢ
ࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ BMI ุᐃᇶ‽
⪅ࡀయ⬡
⬡⫫⋡ࡢῶᑡ
ᑡ㸦ᅗ 10㸧ࢆࡳࡓࠋ⏨ᛶ⩌
⩌࡛
ࡀࠊpre ࡛⫧
ࡢቃ⏺ᇦ࡟࠸
ࡢ
࠸ࡓᏛ⏕㸯ྡࡀ
⫧‶࠿ࡽࢃ
135
᭗೛ଔᒁ≝ஜ‫ܖܖ‬ဃ↝៲
៲˳ኵ঺↚᧙ↈ↺ɟᎋ‫ݑ‬
ࡎ࠿࡟ BM
MI ࡀῶࡾࠊpost ࡛㞃ࢀ⫧
⫧‶࡬⛣⾜ࡋ
ࡋ
⏺ᇦ
ᇦ࡟㏆࠸್ࡲ
ࡲ࡛ᨵၿࡀࡳ
ࡳࡽࢀࡓࠋ
ࡓ⤖ᯝ࡜ᛮ
ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋዪ
ዪᛶ⩌ࡣయ⬡⫫⋡ࡢ᭷ព࡞
࡞
㦵᱁➽㔞࡟ࡘ
㦵
ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⏨
⏨ᛶࡣࡸࡸቑຍ
ຍഴྥࡀ
ῶᑡࡀࡳࡽ
ࡽࢀࠊ2 ྡࡀ
ࡀ㞃ࢀ⫧‶࠿ࡽ⬺༷ࡋࡓࠋ
ࡳࡽࢀࡓࡀ᭷ព
ពᕪࡣ࡞ࡃዪ
ዪᛶࡢࡳ᭷ព࡟
࡟ቑຍࡋ
ࡲࡓࠊposst ࡛㞃ࢀ⫧‶
‶ุᐃࡢ 2 ྡ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶቃ
ቃ
࡚࠸
࠸ࡓࠋ
ዪᛶ⩌࡟
࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊయ㔜ࡸ
య
BMI ࡞࡝እぢ࡟ኚ
ኚ
ὀ࣭ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩
ὀ
⊩
໬ࡀࡳࡽࢀ
ࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀ
ࡀࠊయ⬡⫫⋡ࡸ㦵᱁➽㔞࡞
࡞
࡝ࡢ㌟య⤌
⤌ᡂ࡟᭷ព࡞
࡞ኚ໬ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋ
㸦1
1㸧బࠎᮌ 㐨Ꮚ㸸2000㸪
㐨
ࠕ
ࠕ⨾ᐜಖ೺Ꮫᑓ
ᑓᨷᏛ⏕ࡢ
యᡂศศᯒ̿In Body ࢆ
ࢆ⏝࠸࡚̿ࠖ㸪
ࠗᒣ㔝◊✲
ࠗ
⣖せ࠘vol.8
8 㹮95㸫1000
ࠕዪ
㸦2
2㸧᪂ᇼ ከ㈡Ꮚ㸸2013㸪
ዪᏊ኱⏕ࡢࠕ㞃
㞃ࢀ⫧‶ࠖ
ᅉᏊࡢศᯒࠖ㸪
ࠗே㛫⏕ά
ࠗ
ࡢᐇែㄪᰝ࡜ࡑࡢ⫼ᬒᅉ
ᩥ໬◊✲࠘No.23 㹮1477㸫150
㸦3
3㸧ᐑᮧ ⱱ⣖
⣖㸸2002㸪ࠕᮏ Ꮫṇㄢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᐇᢏࡀ
Ꮫ⏕ࡢ㌟యෆ㒊᫖᪥ࡢຠ
ຠᯝᨵၿ࡟ཬࡰ
ࡰࡍຠᯝ࡟
㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲㸦9㸧㸫య㔜༊
༊ศู࡟ࡼࡿ㌟
㌟య≉ᛶࡢ
᳨ウ࠿ࡽ㸫ࠖ㸪ࠗᩍ⫱ㅖᏛ
Ꮫ◊✲࠘➨ 16 ᕳ
ᕳ 㹮55
㸫65
㸦4
4㸧≟అ ▱Ꮚ
Ꮚ㸸2010㸪ࠕዪ
ዪᏊ኱⏕ࡢ㋖㦵
㦵㦵㔞࡟ᙳ
㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍせᅉࠖ㸪ࠗᚨᓥ
ᓥᩥ⌮኱Ꮫ◊✲
✲⣖せ࠘➨
79 ྕ 㹮11㸫23
㸦5
5㸧ཌ⏕ປാ┬
┬㸸2014㸪
ࠕᖹᡂ
ᡂ 25 ᖺᗘᅜẸ
Ẹ೺ᗣ࣭ᰤ
㣴ㄪᰝ⤖ᯝࡢᴫせࠖ㸪㹮11㸫31
㸳 ⤖ㄽ
ᮏㄪᰝ࡟
࡟࠾࠸࡚ዪᛶ
ᛶ⩌ࡢࡳ࡟య
య⬡⫫⋡ࡢ᭷ព
ព
࡞ῶᑡ࡜㦵
㦵᱁➽㔞ࡢ᭷
᭷ព࡞ቑຍࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࡇ
ࡇ
࡜࠿ࡽࠊ㐠
㐠ື⩦័ࡀ࡞
࡞ࡃึᮇỈ‽
‽ࡢప࠸ⱝ⪅ࢆ
ࢆ
ᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓ
ࡓሙྜࠊ㐌 1 ᅇ 90 ศࡢ
ࡢㅮ⩏ࠕࢫ࣏࣮
࣮
ࢶᐇᢏࠖࡣ
ࡣࠊ㌟య⤌ᡂ
ᡂࡢᨵၿ࡟ᙺ
ᙺ❧ࡘྍ⬟ᛶࡀ
ࡀ
♧၀ࡉࢀࡓ
ࡓࠋణࡋࠊ௒
௒ᅇࡢㄪᰝ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᰤ㣴࠾
࠾
ࡼࡧᚰ⌮ⓗ
ⓗഃ㠃ࢆㄪᰝ
ᰝࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸Ⅽࠊ᭦࡞ࡿ᳨
᳨
ウࡀᚲせ࡛
࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
137
‫ݢ‬ஜ‫≝܇ڭ‬ဃ෨‫ܖ‬፼↚ⅹↀ↺ഏɭˊᏋ঺↚᧙ↈ↺࣎ྸ૙Ꮛ↝ᚾ↮
‫إ‬ԓ∝᝻૰
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌‒
ဃ෨‫ܖ‬፼↚ⅹↀ↺ഏɭˊᏋ঺↚᧙ↈ↺࣎ྸ૙Ꮛ↝ᚾ↮
‫ݢ‬ஜ‒ ‫܇ڭ‬1
äääääääääääääääääääää‒ ⇓∞∕∞⇯‒ ääääääääääääääääääää
ഏɭˊᏋ঺ॖᜤ‒ ʐ࠷δችᅕ̬ͤ‒ ⁀‵″⁅⁆ ⇽∓⇖∏∆‒ ɶ᭗࠰ᎍ‒ ဃ෨‫ܖ‬፼‒
㸯㸬ၥ㢟࡜┠ⓗ
ᗘ ࡢ ࡦ ࡜ ࡘ ࡟ NCATS 㸦 Nursing Child Assessment Teaching Scale㸧
㸦Sumner & Spitetz,
㸯㸬㸯 Ꮚ⫱࡚ᨭ᥼࡟࠾ࡅࡿḟୡ௦ࢭࣥࢩࢸ࢕
ࣈ࡞ᨭ᥼ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ
Ꮚ࡝ࡶ࡜ࡑࡢ㣴⫱⪅㸦ᮏ✏࡛ࡣ㸪ぶᏊ࡜⾲⌧
ࡍࡿ㸧ࡢᚰ㌟ࡢ೺ᗣࢆᏲࡾ⫱ࡴࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍ
ࡿ⮫ᗋάື࡟ஙᗂඣ⢭⚄ಖ೺㸦Infant Mental
Health: IMH 㸧㸦 Zeanah & Zeanah, 2009;
Weatherston, 2002㸧ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋIMH ࡛ࡣ㸪᪩ᮇ
ࡢぶᏊࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡀὀ┠ࡉࢀὀ㸯㸧㸪Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡢே⏕ࡢ
ࢫࢱ࣮ࢺ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㣴⫱⪅࡜ࡢᏳ඲࡛Ᏻᐃࡋࡓ㛵
ಀᛶࡢᵓ⠏ࡀࡑࡢぶᏊࡢᚰ㌟ࡢ೺඲࡞Ⓨ㐩ࡢᇶ
┙࡜ࡋ࡚ᐤ୚ࡍࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋぶᏊࡢ㛵
ಀᛶ࡟ࡣ㸪Ꮚ࡝ࡶ㸪㣴⫱⪅㸪⎔ቃ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ」ྜ
ⓗせᅉࡀ㛵㐃ࡍࡿࡀ㸪㛵ಀᛶࡢṍࡳ࠿ࡽ⏕ࡌࡿ
ᵝࠎ࡞ၥ㢟㸦㣴⫱⪅ࡢ⫱ඣᅔ㞴㸪⫱ඣ୙Ᏻ㸪⹢
ᚅ➼㸧࡟ᑐࡍࡿண㜵ⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡸ஦ᚋⓗ࢔ࣉ
࣮ࣟࢳ࡜ࡋ࡚ᵝࠎ࡞ヨࡳࡀᅜෆእ࡛࠾ࡇ࡞ࢃࢀ
࡚ࡁࡓ㸦Banerjee & Tamis-Lemonda, 2007;
Hirose et al., 2007; Jung, Short, Letourneau,
& Andrews, 2007; ᑎᮏ௚, 2006㸧ࠋ
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ヨࡳࡢせ࡜࡞ࡿࡢࡀ㸪ぶᏊࡢ㛵ಀ
ᛶࢆ࠸࠿࡟⌮ゎࡋ㸪ᐈほⓗ࡟ᰝᐃࡍࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺
ၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋୡ⏺ⓗ࡟ᗈࡃᬑཬࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᰝᐃᑻ
‒
2004; ᘅ℩, 2006㸧ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋNCATS ࡣ㸪
㐟ࡧࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚Ꮚ࡝ࡶ࡟ᩍ࠼ࡿሙ㠃࡟࠾ࡅࡿぶᏊ
ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࢆᰝᐃࡍࡿᑻᗘ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᑻᗘ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ
ಙ㢗ᛶ㸪ཬࡧጇᙜᛶࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Sumner
& Spitetz, 2004; ᘅ℩, 2006; ᘅ℩࣭ᑎᮏ, 2010;
Teramoto, Hirose & Bakeman, 2010㸧
ࠋࡇࡢᑻ
ᗘࢆࡣࡌࡵぶᏊࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡢ⌮ゎ࡜ᨭ᥼ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜
ࡍࡿᩍ⫱ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ࡟ NCAST㸦Nursing Child
Assessment Satellite Training㸧ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡀ
࠶ࡿࠋNCATS ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒ∧ࡢ㛤Ⓨ࡜ᬑཬ㸪ཬࡧ
ࡑࡢ⌮ᛕ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ⮫ᗋάືࡸ◊✲άືࡣ㸪ぶᏊ
ࢆᨭ᥼ࡍࡿᵝࠎ࡞㡿ᇦࡢᑓ㛛⫋⪅㸦⢭⚄⛉་ᖌ㸪
ᑠඣṑ⛉་ᖌ㸪⮫ᗋᚰ⌮ኈ㸪┳ㆤᖌ㸪ಖ೺ᖌ㸪
ຓ⏘ᖌ㸪ಖ⫱ኈ㸪♫఍⚟♴ኈ㸪≉ูᨭ᥼Ꮫᰯᩍ
ㅍ㸪┳ㆤ⣔኱Ꮫᩍဨ㸪Ⓨ㐩ᚰ⌮Ꮫࡢ◊✲⪅➼㸧
ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸦ᘅ℩, 2006; ᘅ℩࣭ᑎᮏ,
2010; ᑎᮏ, 2012㸧ࠋ
ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪⌧ᐇၥ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ぶᏊࢆぢᏲࡾ
ᨭ࠼ࡿᙺ๭ࢆᑓ㛛⫋⪅ࡢࡳࡀᢸ࠺࡟ࡣ㸪ࢥࢫࢺ
㠃࡛ࡶ࣐ࣥࣃ࣮࣡ࡢ㠃࡛ࡶ㝈⏺ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋぶᏊࡢ
᪥ࠎࡢ⏕ά࡟ᐦ╔ࡋ㸪⥅⥆ࡋ࡚ぢᏲࡾᨭ࠼ࡿ࡟
ࡣ㸪ᑓ㛛⫋⪅௨እࡢᆅᇦ㸦ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕㸧ࡢே
‒
․•‣‧ ࠰ ‣‣ உ ‣
ଐӖྸ‒
Psychoeducational program for promoting attitude toward nurturing the next generation in lifelong learning course.
“‣ ⁆⁓⁗⁝⁡‒⁆⁗⁤⁓ ⁡⁦⁡‒
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖ⇪∞⇈∑∏⇿∐ ‒ܖٻ‬ᢿ‒
‒
ⓗ㈨※ࢆ᥀ࡾ㉳ࡇࡋ㸪ά⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᭷ຠ࡜⪃
࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸦ෆ㛶ᗓ, 2011; ⲡ㔝࣭ෆ⏣࣭⁁㑔࣭ྜྷ
ὠ, 2012㸧ࠋᑓ㛛ᐙ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸୍⯡ࡢᕷẸ㸦ᆅᇦఫ
138
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌
Ẹ㸪Ꮚ⫱࡚ࡀ⤊஢ࡋࡓୡ௦㸪ࡇࢀ࠿ࡽぶ࡟࡞ࡿ
United Nations Educational, Scientific and
ୡ௦➼㸧࡟ぶᏊࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡢ⌮ゎࢆಁࡍࡓࡵࡢᏛ
Cultural Organization: U.N.E.S.C.O. 㸧 ࡸ
ࡧࡢሙࢆᥦ౪ࡋ㸪ぶᏊࢆぢᏲࡾᨭ࠼ࡿయไࡢ〈
OECD㸦⤒῭༠ຊ㛤Ⓨᶵᵓ㸪Organization for
㔝ࢆᗈࡆ㸪Ꮚ⫱࡚࡟┤᥋ⓗ࡟ࡣ㛵ಀࡀ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶ㸪
Economic Co-operation and Development㸧ࡀ
♫఍࡛ᗈࡃぶᏊࢆぢᏲࡾᨭ࠼ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ḟୡ௦⫱
ᩍ⫱ᨵ㠉ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ 1960 ᖺ௦࡟ᥦၐࡋࡓᴫᛕ࡛
ᡂព㆑ࢆࡶࡗࡓᨭ᥼యไ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ḟୡ௦ࢆ
࠶ࡾ㸪ᅜࡀᅜẸ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚⏕ᾭ࡟ࢃࡓࡗ࡚Ꮫ⩦ࡍ
⫱ࡴࡇ࡜࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⫯ᐃⓗែᗘࡸ㛵ᚰࢆάᛶ໬ࡉ
ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆಖ㞀ࡍࡿไᗘࢆࡘࡃࡿࡇ࡜࡬ࡢᥦ᱌࡛
ࡏ㸪ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ឤᛶࡸព㆑ࢆ㧗ࡵࡓ㸦ḟୡ௦ࢭ
࠶ࡗࡓ㸦℩἟, 2010㸧ࠋࡑࡢ⌮ᛕࡣ㸪ᩍ⫱ᇶᮏἲ
ࣥࢩࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞㸧ᨭ᥼ࡢࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ㸦ேⓗ஺ὶ
࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪
ࠕ⮬ᕫࡢே᱁ࢆ☻ࡁ㸪㇏࠿࡞ே⏕ࢆ㏦
ࡢព࿡ࡢࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ㸪ཬࡧᨭ᥼άືࢆ⤖ࡧ௜
ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ࠖ㸪⏕ᾭ࡟ࢃࡓࡗ࡚Ꮫ⩦ࢆ࠾
ࡅࡿࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ㸧ࡢᵓ⠏ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ࡇ࡞࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࠶ࡿ㸦⏣୰, 2015㸧ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⏕
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮚ⫱࡚ࡀ
ᾭᏛ⩦ࡢሙ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪኱Ꮫ࡟࠾ࡅࡿබ㛤ㅮᗙࡀྛ
⤊஢ࡋࡓ㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ୍ẁⴠࡋࡓ୰㧗ᖺୡ௦࡬ࡢ
ᆅ࡛㛤ദࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᮏ✏࡛ヨࡳࡿၨⵚⓗᏛࡧ
ὀ㸰㸧
ၨⵚάື㸦ᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱㸧࡟↔Ⅼ໬ࡍࡿ
ࠋࡇࡢୡ
ࡢሙ࡜ࡋ࡚┦ᛂࡋ࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋ
௦ࡣ㸪⌧ᙺᏊ⫱࡚ୡ௦࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿ♫఍ⓗ⫼ᬒࡢ
୰࡛⮬㌟ࡢᏊ⫱࡚ࢆయ㦂ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪Ꮚ⫱࡚㸪⏕
㸯㸬㸱 ᮏ✏ࡢ┠ⓗ
ᮏ✏ࡣ㸪➹⪅ࡢᡤᒓ኱Ꮫ࡟࠾ࡅࡿබ㛤ㅮᗙࡢ
ά㸪⮬㌟ࡢே⏕タィ➼࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪⌧ᙺᏊ⫱࡚ୡ
௦࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿ౯್ほࢆ᭷ࡍࡿୡ௦࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ሙࢆά⏝ࡋࡓ㸪୰㧗ᖺ⪅ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓḟୡ௦⫱
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞୰㧗ᖺୡ௦࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪ぶᏊࡢ㛵ಀᛶ
ᡂព㆑ࡢάᛶ໬ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࡢヨࡳ࡟
ࢆぢᏲࡾᨭ࠼ࡿどⅬࡸ㸪⌧ᙺᏊ⫱࡚ୡ௦࡜ࡢ஺
㛵ࡍࡿሗ࿌࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࡢヨࡳ
ὶࡢ࠶ࡾ࠿ࡓ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᏛࡧࢆࡣࡌࡵ㸪⮬㌟ࡢ
ࡣ㸪ෑ㢌࡛㏙࡭ࡓḟୡ௦ࢭࣥࢩࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞ࢿࢵࢺ
Ꮚ⫱࡚య㦂ࡢࡩࡾ࠿࠼ࡾ➼ࢆ┒ࡾ㎸ࢇࡔᚰ⌮ᩍ
࣮࣡ࢡᵓ⠏࡟㈨ࡍࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ㸪ᮏ✏࡛ࡣ㸪ࡑ
⫱ࡀ㸪ඛ࡟㏙࡭ࡓḟୡ௦ࢭࣥࢩࢸ࢕ࣈᨭ᥼ࢿࢵ
ࡢᐇ㊶ࡢࡩࡾ࠿࠼ࡾࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ၥ㢟Ⅼࡸㄢ㢟ࢆ᫂
ࢺ࣮࣡ࢡᵓ⠏ࡢࡓࡵ࡟᭷ຠ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋᮏ◊
ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋ㸪௒ᚋࡢ᪉ྥᛶࢆᶍ⣴ࡍࡿ㝿ࡢ♧၀ࢆ
✲࡟࠾ࡅࡿヨࡳࡣ㸪⫱ඣ୙Ᏻ࣭ᅔ㞴ࡸ⹢ᚅࡢண
ᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿࠋ
㜵࡜࠸ࡗࡓ⌧௦♫఍ࡀᢪ࠼ࡿၥ㢟࡬ࡢゎỴࡢ୍
ຓ࡜ᤊ࠼ࡽࢀ㸪ࡑࡢ♫఍ⓗព⩏ࡣ኱ࡁ࠸࡜࠸࠼
ࡿࠋ
㸰㸬ḟୡ௦⫱ᡂព㆑ࡢάᛶ໬ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿ
ᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࡢᐇ㊶ሗ࿌
㸯㸬㸰 ኱Ꮫ࡟࠾ࡅࡿබ㛤ㅮᗙ
ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣ㸪୰㧗ᖺୡ௦ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿࡇࡢࡼ࠺
࡞Ꮫࡧ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ஙᗂඣ⢭⚄ಖ೺ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᑓ
㛛ⓗෆᐜࢆྲྀࡾධࢀࡓၨⵚⓗᏛࡧࡢሙࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ
࠺࡟☜ಖࡉࢀᚓࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋࡦ࡜ࡘࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥
࡜ࡋ࡚㸪኱Ꮫࡢබ㛤ㅮᗙࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋ኱Ꮫࡢ
බ㛤ㅮᗙࡣ㸪኱Ꮫࡢᆅᇦ㈉⊩࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ᆅᇦఫẸ
࡟⏕ᾭ࡟ࢃࡓࡿᏛࡧ࡛࠶ࡿ⏕ᾭᏛ⩦ࡢሙࢆᥦ౪
ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦℩἟, 2009, 2010㸧ࠋ⏕ᾭᏛ⩦
ࡣ㸪ࣘࢿࢫࢥ㸦ᅜ㝿㐃ྜᩍ⫱⛉Ꮫᩥ໬ᶵ㛵㸪
㸰㸬㸯 ᐇ᪋ᮇ㛫
ᖹᡂ 23 ᖺ࠿ࡽ 26 ᖺ࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ᖺ㸯ᅇ㸪ྜィ 4
ᅇヨࡳࡽࢀࡓ㸦ྛᅇ 2 ࢥ࣐ 3 ᫬㛫ࡢᐇ᪋࡛࠶ࡗ
ࡓ㸧ࠋྛᅇࡢࢱ࢖ࢺࣝࡣ㸪➨ 1 ᅇ࡜➨ 2 ᅇࡣࠕே
㛫ࡢࠗࡇࡇࢁ࠘ࡢⓎ㐩㸸ஙᗂඣ⢭⚄ಖ೺ධ㛛ࠖ㸪
➨ 3 ᅇࡣࠕே㛫ࡢࡇࡇࢁࡢⓎ㐩࡜ୡ௦㛫ࢥ࣑ࣗ
ࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠖ㸪➨ 4 ᅇࡣࠕே㛫ࡢࠗࡇࡇࢁ࠘ࡢ
Ⓨ㐩㸸ぶᏊࡢ㛵ಀᛶࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡗࡓࠋㅮᖌ
ࡣᮏ✏ⴭ⪅ࡀᢸᙜࡋࡓࠋ
139
‫ݢ‬ஜ‫≝܇ڭ‬ဃ෨‫ܖ‬፼↚ⅹↀ↺ഏɭˊᏋ঺↚᧙ↈ↺࣎ྸ૙Ꮛ↝ᚾ↮
㸰㸬㸰 ཧຍ⪅
௒ᅇࡢᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࡣ㸪⬟ືⓗ࡞Ꮫࡧࢆ┠ᣦࡋ㸪
ᑡேᩘ࡛ࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࣭࣮࣡ࢡࢆྵࡴࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗ
ࡢ㔜せᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㄆ㆑ࢆ῝ࡵࡓࠋ
㸰㸬
㸱㸬
㸰ෆᐜղ㸸ஙᗂඣ⢭⚄ಖ೺㸦Infant Mental
Health: IMH㸧
ࡓࡓࡵ㸪ເ㞟ேᩘࡣྛᅇ⣙ 10 ྡ࡛㸪ᐇ㝿ࡢཧ
Ꮚ࡝ࡶ࡜ᐙ᪘࣭㣴⫱⪅ࡢࠕࡇࡇࢁࠖࡢⓎ㐩ࢆ
ຍேᩘࡶࡑࡢ⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡢ࡭ 29 ྡࡢཧຍ
Ᏺࡾ⫱ࡴࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿᐇ㊶άື࡛࠶ࡿஙᗂ
ࡀ࠶ࡾ㸦⏨ᛶ 7 ྡ㸪ዪᛶ 22 ྡ㸧㸪୰㧗ᖺୡ௦ࡢ
ඣ⢭⚄ಖ೺࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⤂௓ࡋࡓࠋIMH ࡛ࡣ㸪㛵ಀ
᪉ࠎࡀ୰ᚰ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ࣎ࣛࣥࢸ࢕࢔ࡸ⫋ᴗ࡜ࡋ
ᛶࢆᇶ┙࡜ࡋ࡚Ꮚ࡝ࡶ࡜ᐙ᪘ࡢᚰ㌟ࡢ೺ᗣࢆᏲ
࡚Ꮚ⫱࡚ᨭ᥼࡟ཧຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ཧຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㸧
ࡾ⫱ࡴࡓࡵࡢලయⓗάື࡜ࡋ࡚㸪⫱ඣ࡟ᚲせ࡞
᪉㸪Ꮮ⫱࡚ࡢ᭱୰ࡢ᪉㸪ࡶࡋࡃࡣ‽ഛࢆࡋࡓ࠸
≀㈨ࡢᥦ౪➼ࡢලయⓗ᥼ຓ㸪ẕぶࡢᛮ࠸࡬ࡢඹ
᪉㸪୙Ⓩᰯ࣭ᘬࡁࡇࡶࡾ࣭ࢽ࣮ࢺ➼ࡢ┦ㄯ࡟ᛂ
ឤ࣭ཷᐜ➼ࡢ᝟⥴ⓗࢧ࣏࣮ࢺ㸪Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡢⓎ㐩࡟
ࡌࡿ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ᨭ᥼࡟ᚑ஦ࡍࡿ᪉㸪⮬ศࡢᏊ࡝ࡶ
㛵ࡍࡿ┦ㄯ㸪Ꮚ࡝ࡶ࡬ࡢ㛵ࢃࡾ᪉࡜࠸ࡗࡓぶᏊ
ୡ௦࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶ࡟ᝎࡳࢆᢪ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ᪉ࡀ୰ᚰ࡛㸪
ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡢ࢔ࢭࢫ࣓ࣥࢺ࡜ᨭ᥼㸪࢔ࢻ࣎࢝ࢩ࣮
♫఍ⓗάືࡸ⚾⏕ά࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ᚰࡢⓎ㐩ࡸぶᏊ
㸦ᶒ฼ࡢ᧦ㆤ㸧㸪ぶᏊᚰ⌮⒪ἲࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ
㛵ಀ㸪ཬࡧḟୡ௦⫱ᡂ࡟⯆࿡࣭㛵ᚰࢆᣢࡘ᪉ࠎ
㸦Weatherstone, 2002㸧㸪ලయⓗ࡞ᨭ᥼ࡢᵝ┦
࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᏛእ࡛ࡢ◊✲άືࡢࡓࡵ㸪ࡇࡢࢸ࣮
࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⌮ゎࢆಁࡋࡓࠋ
࣐࡟⯆࿡ࢆࡶࡗࡓ㧗ᰯ⏕ࡢཧຍࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
㸰㸬
㸱㸬
㸱ෆᐜճ㸸Promoting First Relationships
Program
㸰㸬㸱 ᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࡢෆᐜ
㸰㸬㸱㸬㸯ෆᐜձ㸸ே㛫ࡢࠕࡇࡇࢁࠖࡢⓎ㐩࡟㛵
ࡍࡿせᅉ
Ꮚ࡝ࡶ࡜ᐙ᪘ࡢᏳ඲࡛Ᏻᐃࡋࡓ᭱ึࡢ㛵ಀ
ᛶ㸦first relationships㸧ࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᨭ᥼
ࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛ࠶ࡿ Promoting First Relation-
ே㛫ࡢࠕࡇࡇࢁࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᚰ⌮Ꮫⓗᴫᛕ࡜ࡋ
ships Program㸦Kelly, Zuckerman, Sandoval,
࡚㸪ឤ᝟㸦affect㸧㸪᝟ື㸦emotion㸧㸪⮬ᕫ㸦self㸧
& Buehlman, 2008㸧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⤂௓ࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀ
ࢆ⤂௓ࡋ㸪
ࠕࡇࡇࢁࠖࢆᚰ⌮ࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡜㛵㐃ࡉࡏ
ࡣ㸪ෑ㢌࡛⤂௓ࡋࡓ NCAST ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛὀ㸱㸧ࡢ
࡚㸪▱ぬ㸦perception㸧㸪ᛮ⪃㸦thought㸧
㸪ゝㄒ࣭
ࡦ࡜ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛࡣ㸪Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡣ
ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ㸦language/communication㸧
㣴⫱⪅࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡢ୰࡛⏕ࡲࢀ⫱ࡲࢀࡿᏑᅾ࡜
ࢆࢺࣆࢵࢡ࡜ࡋ࡚ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡓࠋ௚⪅࡜ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ
ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪೺඲࡞ึᮇࡢぶᏊࡢ㛵ಀ
ࠕࡇࡇࢁࠖ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚㸪ඹྠὀព㸦joint attention㸧㸪
ᛶࡣ㸪Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡢᚋࡢⓎ㐩ࡢᇶ┙࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜㸪ࡑ
ࢺࣦࣞ࢓࣮ࢭࣥ㸦Trevarthen㸧ࡀᥦၐࡋࡓ㛫୺
ࡋ࡚㸪⫯ᐃⓗ⮬ᕫほ㸪Ᏻᚰឤ㸪ᒃሙᡤឤࡀ⫱ࡲ
ほᛶ㸦intersubjectivity㸧㸪࢚ࣜࢡࢯࣥ㸦Erikson㸧
ࢀࡿᅵተ࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᙉㄪࡉࢀࡿࠋ඲࡚ࡢᏊ࡝
ࡢ ᇶ ᮏ ⓗ ಙ 㢗 㸦 basic trust 㸧㸪 ࣎ ࢘ ࣝ ࣅ ࢕
ࡶ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚೺඲࡞㛵ಀᛶࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪Ꮚ࡝
㸦Bowlby㸧ࡢឡ╔㸦attachment㸧ࢆ⤂௓ࡋࡓࠋ
ࡶࡸࡑࡢᐙ᪘࡟≉ู࡞ࢽ࣮ࢬࡀ࠶ࡿሙྜ࡛ࡶ㸪
ࡇࢀࡽࡢᴫᛕࢆ⤂௓ࡋࡘࡘ㸪ே㛫ࡢࠕࡇࡇࢁࠖ
ᑓ㛛ᐙ࡟ࡼࡿ≉ู࡞ᨭ᥼࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪Ꮚ࡝ࡶ࡜ࡢ
ࡢⓎ㐩࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㸪㣴⫱⪅➼ࡢ࿘ᅖࡢ⪅࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ
㛵ಀᛶࢆᏲࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ೺
ᛶࡢ㔜せᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⌮ゎࢆಁࡋࡓࠋ
඲࡞㛵ಀᛶࢆᤊ࠼ࡿࡓࡵࡢせ⣲࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ಶูᛶ
ࡲࡓ㸪ே㛫ࡢࠕࡇࡇࢁࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᚰⓗᶵ⬟࡜⬻
㸦uniqueness㸸ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᣢࡕ࿡㸪ಶேᕪ㸧㸪
ᶵ⬟ࡢ㛵㐃ࡸ㸪ே㛫ࡢ⏕ᾭⓎ㐩㐣⛬࡜⬻ࡢึᮇ
ᛂ⟅ᛶ㸦responsiveness㸸ឤཷᛶ㇏࠿࡞ࡸࡾ࡜
Ⓨ㐩࡜ࡢ㛵㐃㸪
ࠕࡇࡇࢁࠖࡢⓎ㐩࠾ࡼࡧ⬻ᶵ⬟ࡢ
ࡾ㸧㸪ඹឤ㸦empathy㸸࠾஫࠸ࡢẼᣢࡕࡸ⾜ືࡢ
Ⓨ㐩ࡢᇶ┙࡜࡞ࡿ௚⪅࡜ࡢ᪩ᮇࡢ㛵ಀᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸
⌮ゎ㸧
㸪❧࡚┤ࡋ㸦repair㸸Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡢẼᣢࡕ࡟ᩄ
࡚ゎㄝࡋ㸪⫾ඣᮇ࠿ࡽஙᗂඣᮇ࡜࠸࠺Ⓨ㐩᪩ᮇ
ឤ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚㸪⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡢ⾜ືࢆㄪᩚࡋ㸪Ꮚ࡝ࡶ
140
ࢆⴠࡕ╔࠿ࡏࡿ㸧㸪┦஫ᛶ㸦mutuality㸸࠾஫࠸
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌
㸰㸬㸱㸬㸳 ෆᐜյ㸸ୡ௦㛫஺ὶ࡜ぶᏊࡢ㛵ಀᛶ
࡟ಙ㢗ࡋ㸪ᴦࡋࡴ㸧ࡢ 5 ࡘࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࡀ㸪ࡇ
ୡ௦㛫ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪࢚ࣜࢡࢯࣥ
ࢀࡽࡢᴫᛕࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ぶᏊࡢ㛵ಀᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⌮
㸦Erikson㸧ࡢ⏕ᾭⓎ㐩࡟㛵ࡍࡿᚰ⌮࣭♫఍ⓗ
ゎࢆ῝ࡵࡓࠋ
༴ᶵ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᴫほࡋࡓ㸦Erikson & Erikson,
㸰㸬㸱㸬㸲 ෆᐜմ㸸BabyCues Program
1997㸧ࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪Ꮚ⫱࡚ᐙ᪘࡜ᆅᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏊ
ྠࡌࡃ㸪NCAST ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪
⫱࡚ᨭ᥼ࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆ㸪Ꮚ⫱࡚࡟ࡣ␗࡞ࡿୡ௦㸪
Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡢ᭱ึࡢࡇ࡜ࡤ࡛࠶ࡿࢧ࢖ࣥ㸦cues㸧
㸦Ꮚ
ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪Ꮚ࡝ࡶୡ௦㸪ぶୡ௦㸪♽∗ẕୡ௦ࡀ
࡝ࡶࡢど⥺㸪㢦ࡢ⾲᝟㸪㌟యࡢືࡁ㸪Ⓨኌ࣭Ⓨ
㛵୚ࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢⓎ㐩ㄢ㢟ࡀྠ᫬Ⓨ⏕ࡍࡿᵝ
ヰ➼㸧ࡢ⌮ゎࢆಁࡍᨭ᥼ࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛ࠶ࡿ
Ꮚ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᑡᏊ㧗㱋໬㸪
BabyCues Program㸦NCAST programs, 2003㸧
᰾ᐙ᪘໬㸪ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕㸦ᆅᇦ♫఍㸧ࡢᔂቯ㸪
࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⤂௓ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛࡣ㸪ஙඣ
ᆅᇦఫẸࡢᏙ❧㸪ୡ௦㛫ࡢศ᩿࡜࠸ࡗࡓ♫఍⫼
ࡣゝㄒࢆ౑࠸ጞࡵࡿ௨๓࠿ࡽ㸪㢦ࡢ⾲᝟ࡸ㌟య
ᬒ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㸪ୡ௦㛫஺ὶࡢᚲせᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼
ࡢືࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࢧ࢖ࣥ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ឤ᝟ࡸせᮃ㸦ࢽ࣮
ࡓ㸦ⲡ㔝࣭㔠⏣࣭㛫㔝࣭ᰠ἟, 2009; ⲡ㔝࣭ෆ⏣࣭
ࢬ㸧ࢆఏ࠼ࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ஙᗂඣࡢࢧ࢖ࣥ࡟
⁁㑔࣭ྜྷὠ, 2012㸧ࠋࡑࡢ㝿㸪ୡ௦㛫஺ὶࡢ౛࡜
ὀ┠ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ࡑࡢẼᣢࡕࡸせᮃ㸦౛࠼ࡤ㸪
ࡋ࡚㸪♽∗ẕୡ௦㸪ぶୡ௦㸪Ꮚ࣭Ꮮୡ௦࡜࠸࠺
࡞ࡔࡵ࡚࡯ࡋ࠸㸪㐟ࢇ࡛ḧࡋ࠸㸧ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇ
୕ୡ௦㛫ࡢ஺ὶ㸪ᆅᇦࡢᏊ⫱࡚ᨭ᥼㸦ࣇ࢓࣑ࣜ
࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋᏊ࡝ࡶࡢࢽ࣮ࢬࡣࢧ࢖ࣥ
࣮ࢧ࣏࣮ࢺ࣭ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸪Ꮚ⫱࡚ᗈሙ㸪ಖ⫱ᅬ࡛
࠿ࡽᢕᥱࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡓࡵ㸪Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡢࢧ࢖
ࡢୡ௦㛫஺ὶ㸪⤮ᮏࡢㄞࡳ⪺࠿ࡏ࣎ࣛࣥࢸ࢕࢔
ࣥ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚Ꮫࡪࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪Ꮚ࡝ࡶ࡬ࡢឤཷᛶ㇏࠿
➼㸧
㸪ୡ௦㛫࣓ࣥࢱࣜࣥࢢ㸦୙Ⓩᰯ㸪ࢽ࣮ࢺ㸪≢
࡞ᑐᛂࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㔜せ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋࢧ࢖ࣥ
⨥➼࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㧗㱋ᕷẸ࡟ࡼࡿ㟷ᑡᖺࡢⓎ㐩ᨭ᥼㸧
࡟ࡣ㸪ゝㄒⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡜㠀ゝㄒⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪
ࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆࡓࠋୡ௦㛫஺ὶࡸぶᏊࡢ㛵ಀᛶ࡟࠾
ぶ࿴ࡢࢧ࢖ࣥ㸦engagement cues㸧࡜᎘ᝏࡢࢧ
ࡅࡿⴱ⸨ࡸၥ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵࡓ㸦Ặ
࢖ࣥ㸦disengagement cues㸧࡟኱ูࡉࢀࡿࠋぶ
ᐙ࣭㧗℈, 2011㸧ࠋ
࿴࡜ࡣ✚ᴟⓗ࡟ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡟ཧຍࡋࡓ
࠸㸪ࡶࡋࡃࡣཧຍࡍࡿ‽ഛࡀ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ≧ែࢆ
㸰㸬㸲 ྛᅇࡢෆᐜ
ᣦࡋ㸪᎘ᝏ࡜ࡣࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡟ཧຍࡍࡿ
ྛᅇ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࡢෆᐜࡣ㸪ୖグࡢෆᐜ
‽ഛࡀ࡛ࡁ࡚࡞࠸㸪ఇ᠁ࡋࡓ࠸㸪୰Ṇࡋࡓ࠸࡜
ձ࠿ࡽյࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪➨㸯ᅇࡀձ㸪ղ㸪ճ㸪մ㸪➨
࠸࠺㠀✚ᴟⓗ࡞≧ែࢆᣦࡍࠋ୧⪅ࡣ㸪᭦࡟ᙉ࠸
㸰ᅇࡀձ㸪ղ㸪յ㸪➨㸱ᅇࡀձ࡜յ㸪➨㸲ᅇࡀ
ࢧ࢖ࣥ࡜ᙅ࠸ࢧ࢖ࣥ࡟ศ㢮ࡉࢀࡿࠋᙉ࠸ぶ࿴ࡢ
ձ㸪ճ㸪յ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋẖᅇ㸪ෆᐜࢆධࢀ᭰࠼࡚
ࢧ࢖ࣥ㸦౛㸸ᚤ➗ࡴ㸪ぢࡘࡵྜ࠺㸪㣴⫱⪅࡟ᡭ
඲࡚ࡢࢸ࣮࣐ࡀ⥙⨶ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡋࡓࠋㅮ⩏࡟
ࢆఙࡤࡍ➼㸧࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪㣴⫱⪅ࡣゐࢀࡿ㸪ゝⴥ
ຍ࠼࡚㸪ㅮᖌ࡜ཷㅮ⪅㸪ཬࡧཷㅮ⪅㛫ࡢ཮᪉ྥ
ࢆ࠿ࡅࡿ㸪࢔࢖࣭ࢥࣥࢱࢡࢺࢆ࡜ࡿ➼ࡢ⫯ᐃⓗ
ࡢ⬟ືⓗ࡞Ꮫࡧ㸦࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢ㸧ࢆ
࡞ᑐᛂࢆ࡜ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮃࡲࢀࡿࠋᙉ࠸᎘ᝏࡢࢧ࢖
ྲྀࡾධࢀࡓࠋ౛࠼ࡤ㸪ㅮ⩏㛤ጞ᫬ࡢ࣮࢜ࣉࢽࣥ
ࣥ㸦౛㸸Ἵࡃ㸪⫼୰ࢆࡑࡽࡏࡿ㸪ᢲࡋࡸࡿ㸧࡟
ࢢ࣭ࢡ࢚ࢫࢳࣙࣥ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࠕࠗࡇࡇࢁ࠘࡜ࡣఱ࡛
ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡀⴠࡕࡘࡅࡿࡼ࠺࡟ຓࡅ㸪㐺
ࡋࡻ࠺࠿㸽ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ၥ࠸ࢆᢞࡆ࠿ࡅࡓࡾ㸪ୡ௦
ษ࡟᥼ຓࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮃࡲࢀࡿࠋࢧ࢖ࣥࡸࡑࡢ⫼
㛫஺ὶ࡟㛵ࡍࡿㅮ⩏ࡢᚋ࡛㸪
ࠕୡ௦㛫஺ὶ࡟ࡘ࠸
ᚋ࡟࠶ࡿࢽ࣮ࢬࡢ⌮ゎ㸪ཬࡧ㐺ษ࡞ᑐᛂ࡟ࡼࡗ
࡚࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟⪃࠼ࡲࡍ࠿㸽ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ၥ࠸࠿ࡅࢆ
࡚㸪Ⰻዲ࡞ぶᏊࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡀᵓ⠏ࡉࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ㄆ
࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࡾࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࣭ࢹ࢕ࢫ࢝
㆑ࢆ῝ࡵࡓࠋ
ࢵࢩࣙࣥᙧᘧ࡛㸪ࠕぶᏊࡢⰋዲ࡛೺඲࡞㛵ಀᛶࠖ
141
‫ݢ‬ஜ‫≝܇ڭ‬ဃ෨‫ܖ‬፼↚ⅹↀ↺ഏɭˊᏋ঺↚᧙ↈ↺࣎ྸ૙Ꮛ↝ᚾ↮
௜グ
ࡸࠕぶᏊࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡢᨭ᥼ࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ヰࡋྜ࠸ࢆ
ᣢࡗࡓࠋཷㅮ⪅㛫ࡢάⓎ࡞ពぢ஺᥮ࡀぢཷࡅࡽ
ᮏ◊✲ࡣ -636 ⛉◊㈝ ࡢຓᡂࢆཷࡅࡓࠋ
ࢀࡓࠋ
㸱 ⥲ྜ⪃ᐹ
᪥ࠎࡢ♫఍ⓗάື࡜ࡋ࡚Ꮚ⫱࡚ᨭ᥼ࡸ㟷ᑡᖺ
ࡢ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ᨭ᥼ࢆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ᪉㸪⚾⏕ά࡛Ꮮୡ
௦ࡸᏊ࡝ࡶୡ௦࡜ࡢ஺ὶ࡟ㄢ㢟ࢆᣢࡘ᪉ࡀཧຍ
ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡾ㸪ᮏ◊✲ࡢヨࡳ࡛࠶ࡿḟ
ୡ௦⫱ᡂព㆑ࡢάᛶ໬ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࡢ
ヨࡳࡣ኱ኚ෇⁥࡟㐍⾜ࡋࡓࠋཷㅮ⏕࠿ࡽࡣ㸪⮬
ศࡀཧຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᨭ᥼άືࡢព⩏ࡀ෌☜ㄆࡉࢀ
ࡓ㸪⮬ศࡢぶᏊ㛵ಀࢆぢࡘࡵ┤ࡍᶵ఍࡜࡞ࡗࡓ
➼ࡢឤ᝿ࡀฟࡉࢀ㸪௒ᅇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࡢ₯
ᅾⓗࢽ࣮ࢬࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋ
௒ᅇࡢヨࡳࡣ㸪ୖグࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᩍ⫱ෆᐜձ࠿ࡽ
յ࡟㛵ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀ㸪ࡑࢀ௨እ࡟ࡶ㸪౛
ὀ 㸧
ぶᏊࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡀⓎ㐩࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪
Bornstein & Tamis-Lemonda㸦2010㸧ࡣぶᏊ┦஫
స⏝ࡢᶵ⬟ࢆ㸲ࡘᣲࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡎ㸪⮬ᕫ⌮ゎ㸪
௚⪅⌮ゎ㸪⮬ᕫ࡜௚⪅ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡢ⌮ゎ➼ࡢ♫఍ⓗ
ㄆ▱࡜㛵㐃ࡍࡿ♫఍ⓗ⌮ゎࡢಁ㐍㸦promotion of
social understanding㸧㸪ḟ࡟㸪ᚋࡢᑐேㄆ▱ࡸᑐ
ே㛵ಀࡢᅾࡾ᪉࡟ᙳ㡪ࡍࡿぶᏊࡢ᝟ⓗ⤎࡛࠶ࡿឡ
╔ࡢⓎ㐩㸦development of attachment㸧
㸪ࡑࡋ࡚㸪
ゝㄒࡢ⋓ᚓ㸦acquisition of language㸧
㸪᭱ᚋ࡟㸪
Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡢ᝟ືࢆ㇏࠿࡟ࡍࡿഃ㠃࡜ࡑࢀࢆㄪᩚࡍࡿ
ഃ㠃࠿ࡽᡂࡿ᝟ືㄪᩚࡢᡂ⇍㸦maturity of emotional regulation㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮃࡲࡋ࠸ぶᏊ┦஫స⏝
ࡢᛶ㉁࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪㣴⫱⪅ࡀᏊ࡝ࡶ࡟♧ࡍឤཷᛶ
㇏࠿࡞ᛂ⟅ᛶ㸦sensitive-responsiveness㸧ࡀᣦ᦬
ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Guralnick㸪2006㸧ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪┦
஫ⓗ㸪஫ᜨⓗ㸪ࡑࡋ࡚ឤཷᛶ㇏࠿࡞㣴⫱⪅ࡢᛂ⟅
ᛶࢆక࠺ぶᏊ┦஫స⏝ࡀ㸪ㄆ▱࣭ゝㄒ㸪♫఍ᛶ㸪
ឡ╔㸪᝟ື࡜࠸࠺㸪ே㛫ࡢ೺඲࡞Ⓨ㐩࡟࠾ࡅࡿᵝࠎ
࡞㡿ᇦࡢᇶ┙ࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿ࠺࠼࡛ᴟࡵ࡚㔜せ࡞ᙺ๭
ࢆᢸ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
࠼ࡤ㸪ᨭ᥼ࢆࡋࡓ࠸࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸࡚ࡶࡑࢀࢆᅔ㞴
࡜ࡍࡿせᅉ㸦Ꮚ࡝ࡶୡ௦ࡢ⫱ඣࢆᡭఏ࠸ࡓ࠸࡜
ᛮࡗ࡚࠸࡚ࡶ㸪࡝࠺㛵ࢃࢀࡤࡼ࠸ࡢ࠿ᝎࡴ➼㸧
࡟ࡘ࠸࡚᥀ࡾୗࡆࡿ➼㸪ᩍ⫱ෆᐜࡢᖜࢆᗈࡆ࡚
᭦࡞ࡿ඘ᐇࢆᅗࡿᚲせᛶࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋ
ࡲࡓ㸪ᮏヨࡳࡣఱ➼࠿ࡢ࠿ࡓࡕ࡛ḟୡ௦⫱ᡂ
࡟㛵ࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ᪉ࠎࡀ୺࡞ᑐ㇟⪅࡛࠶ࡾ㸪⫯ᐃ
ⓗ࡞ឤ᝿ࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪⤖ᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ᨭ
᥼⪅ࢆ㛫᥋ⓗ࡟ᨭ᥼ࡍࡿࠕᨭ᥼⪅ᨭ᥼ࠖࡢᙺ๭
ὀ 2㸧
ࡇࢀ࠿ࡽぶ࡟࡞ࡿୡ௦࡟ᑐࡍࡿྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪
㟷ᖺᮇ࡟࠶ࡿ኱Ꮫ⏕ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓḟୡ௦⫱ᡂ࡟㛵
ࡍࡿᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࢆヨࡳ㸪ᑎᮏ㸦2015㸧㸪ᑎᮏ࣭ᘅ℩㸦2013,
2015㸧࡛ሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ὀ 3㸧
NCAST ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢᐇ᪋࡟ࡣ㸪⡿ᅜ࣡ࢩࣥࢺࣥ
኱Ꮫ௜タ⤌⧊࡟ࡼࡿᡤᐃࡢ࢖ࣥࢫࢺࣛࢡࢱ࣮㈨᱁
ࢆせࡍࡿࠋᮏ✏ࡢ➹⪅ࡣ 2006 ᖺ࡟࢖ࣥࢫࢺࣛࢡࢱ
࣮࡜ࡋ࡚ㄆᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࢆᯝࡓࡋࡓ࡜ᤊ࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪୰㧗ᖺ
⪅ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓḟୡ௦⫱ᡂព㆑ࡢάᛶ໬ࢆ┠ⓗ
࡜ࡍࡿᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࡢヨࡳࡣ㸪ᴫࡡண᝿㏻ࡾࡢᒎ㛤
ࡀᐇ⌧ࡋࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪௒ᅇࡣࡑࡢ
ຠᯝ ᐃ㸦Ᏻ⏣࣭Ώ㎶, 2008㸧ࡲ࡛ࡣ⮳ࡽࡎ㸪
௒ᚋࡢㄢ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ṧࡉࢀࡓࠋ⥲ࡌ࡚㸪௒ᅇࡢヨ
ࡳࡣ㸪ෑ㢌࡛㏙࡭ࡓḟୡ௦ࢭࣥࢩࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞ࢿࢵ
ࢺ࣮࣡ࢡᵓ⠏࡟㈨ࡍࡿᶍ⣴ࡢࡦ࡜ࡘ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪௒
ᚋࡶⓎᒎࡍ࡭ࡃ㸪ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡃணᐃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩
Banerjee, P. N., & Tamis-Lemonda, C. S.: 2007,
“Infants’ persistence and mothers’ teaching as
predictors of toddlers’ cognitive development”,
Infant Behavior and Development, Vol. 30, pp.
479-491.
Bornstein, M.H., & Tamis-Lemonda, C.S.: 2010,
“Parent-infant interaction”, Bremner, J.G., &
Wachs, T.D. (eds.), The Wiley-Blackwell hand-
book of infant development: Vol.1, Basic research (2nd ed.), Wiley-Blackwell, New York, pp.
458-482.
Erikson, E. H., & Erikson, J. M.: 1997, The life
cycle completed. Expanded ed., Norton &
Company, New York. 㸦ᮧ℩Ꮥ㞝࣭㏆⸨㑥ኵ㸦ヂ㸧:
2001, ࠗࣛ࢖ࣇࢧ࢖ࢡࣝࡑࡢ᏶⤖ ቑ⿵∧࠘. ࡳ
ࡍࡎ᭩ᡣ, ᮾி㸧.
Guralnick, M.J.: 2006, “Family influences on early
142
development: Integrating the science of normative development, risk and disability, and
intervention”, McCartney, K., & Phillips, D.
(eds.), Blackwell handbook of early childhood
development. , Blackwell, Malden, MA, pp.
44-61.
ᘅ℩ࡓ࠸Ꮚ (┘ヂ) : 2006, ࠗ㣴⫱⪅/ぶ-Ꮚ࡝ࡶ┦஫స
⏝: ࢸ࢕࣮ࢳࣥࢢ࣐ࢽࣗ࢔ࣝ(᪥ᮏㄒ∧)࠘,
NCAST ◊✲఍, ᮾி.
Hirose, T., Teramoto, T., Saitoh, S., Takahashi, I.,
Hiramatsu, M., Okamitsu, M., Sonobe, M.,
Mikuni, K., Omori, T., & Shirakawa, S.: 2007,
“Preliminary early intervention study using
Nursing Child Assessment Teaching Scale in
Japan”, Pediatrics International, Vol. 49, pp.
950–958.
ᘅ℩ࡓ࠸Ꮚ࣭ᑎᮏጁᏊ㸦┘ಟ㸧: 2010, ࠗ᪥ᮏㄒ∧
NCATS ࢹ࣮ࢱ㸤ࢣ࣮ࢫࣈࢵࢡ࠘, NCAST ◊✲
఍, ᮾி.
Jung, V., Short, R., Letourneau, N., & Andrews, D.:
2007, “Interventions with depressed mothers
and their infants: modifying interactive behaviours”, Journal of affective disorders, Vol.
98, pp. 199-205.
Kelly, J.F., Zuckerman, T.G., Sandoval, D., &
Buehlman, K.: 2008, Promoting first relationships (2nd ed.), NCAST Publications, Seattle.
ⲡ㔝⠜Ꮚ࣭㔠⏣฼Ꮚ࣭㛫㔝ⓒᏊ࣭ᰠ἟ᖾ㞝㸦⦅ⴭ㸧: 2009,
ࠗୡ௦㛫஺ὶຠᯝ: ே㛫Ⓨ㐩࡜ඹ⏕♫఍࡙ࡃࡾ
ࡢどⅬ࠿ࡽ࠘, ୕Ꮫฟ∧, ⁠㈡.
ⲡ㔝⠜Ꮚ࣭ෆ⏣ຬே࣭⁁㑔࿴ᡂ࣭ྜྷὠᬗᏊ㸦⦅ⴭ㸧: 2012,
ࠗከᵝ໬♫఍ࢆࡘࡴࡄୡ௦㛫஺ὶ: ḟୡ௦࡬ࡢ
ࠗ࠸ࡢࡕ࠘ࡢ㐃㙐ࢆࡘ࡞ࡄ࠘, ୕Ꮫฟ∧, ⁠㈡.
ෆ㛶ᗓ: 2011, ࠗᖹᡂ 23 ᖺ∧㧗㱋♫఍ⓑ᭩࠘.
NCAST programs: 2003, BabyCues: A child’s first
language. www.ncast.org.
℩἟ඞᙲ: 2009, ࠗ㧗㱋⪅ࡢ⏕ᾭᏛ⩦࡜ᆅᇦάື࠘, Ꮫ
ᩥ♫, ᮾி.
℩἟ඞᙲ: 2010, ࠗ➨஧ࢫࢸ࣮ࢪࡢ኱Ꮫබ㛤ㅮᗙ࠘, Ꮫ
ᩥ♫, ᮾி.
Sumner, G., & Spitetz, A.: 2004, NCAST: caregiv-
er/parent-child interaction teaching manual.
NCAST Publications, Seattle.
⏣୰㞞ᩥ: 2015, ࠕ⏕ᾭᏛ⩦࡜ࡣఱ࠿ࠖ, ⏣୰㞞ᩥ࣭
ᆏཱྀ ⥳࣭ᰘ⏣ᙬ༓Ꮚ࣭ᐑᆅᏕᐅ㸦ⴭ㸧, ࠗࢸ࢟
ࢫࢺ⏕ᾭᏛ⩦: Ꮫࡧࡀࡘࡴࡄ᪂ࡋ࠸♫఍㸦᪂ゞ
∧㸧
࠘, Ꮫᩥ♫, ᮾி, 1-14 㡫.
ᑎᮏጁᏊ: 2012, ࠗ⛉Ꮫ◊✲㈝ຓᡂ஦ᴗ㸦⛉Ꮫ◊✲㈝
⿵ຓ㔠㸧◊✲ᡂᯝሗ࿌᭩㸦◊✲ㄢ㢟␒ྕ
21590683㸧࠘.
ᑎᮏጁᏊ: 2015, ࠕ኱Ꮫ⏕ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓḟୡ௦⫱ᡂ࡟
㛵ࡍࡿᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࡢᐇ㊶࡜ホ౯ࠖ, ࠗ᪥ᮏᶫᏛ㤋኱
Ꮫ⣖せ࠘, ➨ 14 ྕ, 25-35 㡫.
ᑎᮏጁᏊ࣭ᘅ℩ࡓ࠸Ꮚ: 2013, ࠕぶ‽ഛᛶಁ㐍ࢶ࣮ࣝ
࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ NCAST ᩍᮦࡢ᭷⏝ᛶࠖ, ࠗஙᗂඣ་Ꮫ࣭
ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲࠘, ➨ 22 ᕳ, 64-65 㡫. 㸦➨ 22 ᅇ᪥ᮏ
ஙᗂඣ་Ꮫ࣭ᚰ⌮Ꮫ఍ሗ࿌㸧
ᑎᮏጁᏊ࣭ᘅ℩ࡓ࠸Ꮚ: 2015, ࠕḟୡ௦⫱ᡂ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ
ᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࡢᐇ㊶࡜ホ౯: NCAST ᩍᮦࢆ⏝࠸ࡓண
ഛⓗヨࡳࠖ, ࠗ᪥ᮏᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ఍➨ 57 ᅇ⥲఍Ⓨ
⾲ㄽᩥ㞟࠘, 558 㡫.
ᑎᮏጁᏊ࣭ᘅ℩ࡓ࠸Ꮚ࣭ᩧ⸨᪩㤶ᯞ࣭୕ᅜஂ⨾࣭ᒸ
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌
ගᇶᏊ࣭ᅬ㒊┿⨾࣭ⓑᕝᅬᏊ࣭⏣୰ඞᯞ࣭኱᳃㈗
⚽ ࣭ ⃝ ⏣ ࿴ ⨾ ࣭ ᶫ ᮏ 㔜 Ꮚ ࣭ ᑠ ᯘ ⚽ Ꮚ : 2006,
ࠕ NCAST ࡟ ᇶ ࡙ ࡃ ⫱ ඣ ᨭ ᥼ ࣉ ࣟ ࢢ ࣛ ࣒ ࡢ ホ
౯㸸ẕぶࡢ⫱ඣࢫࢺࣞࢫ࡜Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡢⓎ㐩࠿ࡽࡢ᳨
ウࠖ, ࠗᑠඣಖ೺◊✲࠘, ➨ 65 ᕳ, 439-447 㡫.
Teramoro, T., Hirose, T., & Bakeman, R.: 2010, “A
study of the validity of the Japanese Nursing
Child Assessment Teaching Scale (JNCATS)
utilizing sequential analysis: A second analysis
of mother-child teaching interaction”, Journal
of Medical and Dental Sciences, Vol. 57, pp.
209-220.
Ặᐙ㐩ኵ࣭㧗℈⿱Ꮚ㸦⦅ⴭ㸧: 2011, ࠗぶᏊ㛵ಀࡢ⏕
ᾭⓎ㐩ᚰ⌮Ꮫ࠘, 㢼㛫᭩ᡣ, ᮾி.
Weatherston, D.J.: 2002, “Introduction to the infant mental health program”, Shirilla, J.J., &
Weatherston, D.J. (eds.), Case studies in infant
mental health: Risk, resiliency, and relationships. ZERO TO THREE, Washington DC (ᘅ℩
ࡓ࠸Ꮚ (┘ヂ) : 2007, ࠗஙᗂඣ⢭⚄ಖ೺ࢣ࣮ࢫࣈ
ࢵࢡ㸸ࣇࣛ࢖ࣂ࣮ࢢࡢ⫱ඣᨭ᥼἞⒪ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ࠘,
㔠๛ฟ∧, ᮾி).
Ᏻ⏣⠇அ࣭Ώ㎶┤Ⓩ: 2008, ࠗࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛホ౯ࡢ᪉ἲ࠘,
᪂᭙♫, ᮾி.
Zeanah, C.H.,Jr., & Zeanah, P.D. : 2009, “The scope
of Infant Mental Health”, Zeanah, C.H.,Jr. (ed.),
Handbook of Infant Mental Health (3rd ed.),
Guilford Press, New York, pp. 5-21.
143
‫ݢ‬ஜ‫≝܇ڭ‬Иሁɶሁ૙Ꮛ↚ⅹↀ↺⇈⇕⇬⇉⇼∝∏∞⇱∙⇖↝᧙ᡲᙲ‫↺ↈ᧙↚׆‬ɟᎋ‫ݑ‬
‫إ‬ԓ∝᝻૰
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌‒
Иሁɶሁ૙Ꮛ↚ⅹↀ↺⇈⇕⇬⇉⇼∝∏∞⇱∙⇖↝
᧙ᡲᙲ‫↺ↈ᧙↚׆‬ɟᎋ‫ݑ‬
‫ݢ‬ஜ‒ ‫܇ڭ‬1
äääääääääääääääääääää‒ ⇓∞∕∞⇯‒ ääääääääääääääääääää
⇈⇕⇬⇉⇼∝∏∞⇱∙⇖‒ ңӷ‫ܖ‬፼‒ ⇖∑∞⇽‫ܖ‬፼‒ Иሁɶሁ૙Ꮛ‒
㸯㸬ၥ㢟࡜┠ⓗ
༠ാⓗ࡞Ꮫ⩦࡛࠶ࡿ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢ
ᚲせᛶࡀᙉㄪࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪࢔ࢡࢸ࢕
ึ➼୰➼ᩍ⫱࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᩍ⛉Ꮫ⩦ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟㸪
୍ᩧᤵᴗࡀ୺࡟࠾ࡇ࡞ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ୍ᩧᤵᴗ࡟
ࡣ㸪ᩍᖌࡀ኱ໃࡢඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪୍᪉ྥ
ⓗ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪▱㆑ࡸ᝟ሗࢆຠ⋡ࡼࡃఏ㐩࡛ࡁ
ࡿ࡜࠸࠺฼Ⅼࡀ࠶ࡿ୍᪉㸪Ꮫ⩦⪅࡟✚ᴟⓗ࡞ែ
ᗘࡀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ㸪࠸ࢃࡺࡿࠕࢻࣟࢵࣉ࢔࢘ࢺࠖࡢ
ฟ⌧࡜࠸ࡗࡓᏛ⩦ຠᯝ࡟࠾ࡅࡿၥ㢟ࡸ㸪ཷືⓗ
ែᗘࡢㄏⓎࡸෆⓎⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢῶ⾶➼ࡢၥ㢟ࡀ
⏕ࡌࡿࡇ࡜ࡶᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ⓑ஭, 2011㸹ᇉ
ⰼ, 2014; 㔝ᮧ࣭୸㔝, 2014㸧ࠋ
ㅮ⩏ᙧᘧࡢᤵᴗ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ᩍᖌ࠿ࡽඣ❺࣭
⏕ᚐ࡬ࡢ୍᪉ྥⓗ࡞ࡣࡓࡽࡁ࠿ࡅ࡛࠶ࡿ୍ᩧᤵ
ᴗ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪Ꮫ⩦⪅ࡀ୺యⓗ࣭✚ᴟⓗ࡟ཧຍࡋ㸪
ᩍᖌࡸ௚ࡢඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐ࡜ࡢ཮᪉ྥⓗ࡞┦஫స⏝
ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚Ꮫࡪ⬟ືⓗᏛ⩦㸦࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽ
ࣥࢢ㸧ࢆྲྀࡾධࢀࡓᤵᴗᙧែࡀὀ┠ࢆ㞟ࡵ࡚࠸
ࡿ㸦ⓑ஭, 2011㸹୰ኸᩍ⫱ᑂ㆟఍, 2014㸧ࠋ୰ኸ
ᩍ⫱ᑂ㆟఍㸦2014㸧࡛ࡣ㸪ࠕఱࢆᩍ࠼ࡿ࠿ࠖ࡜
ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡣ▱㆑࣭ᢏ⾡ࡢᐃ╔࡟ࡶ㸪Ꮫ⩦
⪅ࡢᏛ⩦ពḧࡢಁ㐍࡟ࡶຠᯝࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡢᐇ㊶ࡢ
ᡂᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶゐࢀࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ఱࢆᏛࡪ࠿࡜࠸࠺Ꮫࡧࡢෆᐜ࡜ྠ᫬࡟㸪࡝ࡢ
ࡼ࠺࡟Ꮫࡪ࠿࡜࠸࠺Ꮫࡧࡢ᪉ἲ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㸪㓄
៖ࡀồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᩍᖌࡶ㸪ఱࢆᩍ
࠼ࡿ࠿㸦ㄢ㢟ෆᐜ㸧࡜ྠ᫬࡟㸪࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᩍ࠼
ࡿ࠿㸦ᣦᑟ᪉ἲ㸧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࡼࡾ୍ᒙࡢᕤኵࡀ
ồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋࡑࡇ࡛㸪ᮏ✏࡛ࡣ㸪
ึ➼୰➼ᩍ⫱࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢ
ࡢヨࡳ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᩥ⊩᳨ウࡋ㸪ᩍ⫱ᐇ㊶࡟㛵ࡍࡿ
ᐇドⓗ◊✲ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡉࢀࡓᡂᯝࡸㄢ㢟
ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼㸪࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢᡂ❧࡟ࡣ㸪
࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞せᅉࡀ㛵㐃ࡍࡿࡢ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࡍ
ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡼࡾ඘ᐇࡋࡓ࢔
ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢᐇ⌧࡟ྥࡅࡓ௒ᚋࡢ᪉
ྥᛶࢆᶍ⣴ࡍࡿ࠺࠼࡛ࡢ୍ຓ࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ᣦ
ࡍࠋ
࠸࠺▱㆑ࡢ㉁ࡸ㔞࡜ྠᵝ࡟㸪
ࠕ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟Ꮫࡪ࠿ࠖ
࡜࠸࠺Ꮫࡧࡢ㉁ࡸ῝ࡲࡾࢆ㔜どࡍࡿᚲせᛶࡀᣦ
᦬ࡉࢀ㸪ㄢ㢟ࡢⓎぢ࡜ゎỴࢆ㔜どࡋࡓ୺యⓗ࣭
2015 ࠰ 11 உ 19 ଐӖྸ
Factors related to active learning in primary and secondary education.
*1 Taeko Teramoto
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖ⇪∞⇈∑∏⇿∐ ‒ܖٻ‬ᢿ
㸰㸬࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢ
⌮ㄽⓗ⫼ᬒ࡜ᙧែ
ึ➼୰➼ᩍ⫱࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥ
ࢢ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪௦⾲ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡟༠ྠᏛ⩦
144
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌
㸦cooperative learning㸧ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿ㸦ᶒ࣭⸨
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞≉ᚩࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ༠ྠᏛ⩦࡟ࡣ㸪༢࡞
ᮧ, 2004; Santrock, 2012; ⏫࣭୰㇂, 2014㸧ࠋ༠
ࡿࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦㸦group learning㸧ࡢᇦࢆ㉸࠼
ྠᏛ⩦࡜ࡣ㸪ᑠࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࢆసࡾ㸪஫࠸࡟ຓࡅྜ
ࡓヨࡳ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ࡦ࡜ࡘࡢㄢ㢟ࢆᑠㄢ㢟࡟ศ
࠸࡞ࡀࡽᏛࡪࢫࢱ࢖ࣝࢆᣦࡍ㸦Santrock, 2012㸧ࠋ
ゎࡋ࡚ಶࠎࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡟๭ࡾᙜ࡚㸪඲య⤫ྜ࡟
Ꮫ⩦࡟࠾ࡅࡿ┦஫ⓗ᥼ຓ࡛࠶ࡿ༠ྠࡢព⩏ࡣ㸪
ࡼࡗ࡚ㄢ㢟㐩ᡂࢆヨࡳࡿࢪࢢࢯ࣮㸦Jigsaw㸧Ꮫ
௚⪅࡜ࡢࡸࡾ࡜ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿ♫఍ⓗ┦஫స⏝ࡀㄆ▱
⩦㸦Aronson, Blaney, Sikes, Stephan & Snapp,
ⓗኚ໬࡟㔜せ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿ࡜࠸࠺❧ሙ㸦♫఍
1975㸧㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉෆ࡛ࡣ༠ྠᏛ⩦㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ㛫
ⓗᵓᡂ୺⩏: social constructivism㸧࠿ࡽㄝ᫂ࡉ
࡛
ࢀࡿ㸦ᇉⰼ, 2014; ᶒ࣭⸨ᮧ, 2004; Santrock,
㸦Teams-Games-Tournament㸧᪉ᘧ㸦DeVries,
2012㸧ࠋ
Edwards & Slavin, 1978㸧㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢྛ࣓ࣥ
ࡣ
➇
த
ࢆ
⾜
ࢃ
ࡏ
ࡿ
TGT
ᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ♫఍ⓗᵓᡂ୺⩏࡜࠸࠼
ࣂ࣮ࡢ㈉⊩࡜ࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࡢྥୖࡀࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ
ࡤ㸪Ꮫ⩦⪅ࡀ⮬ຊ࡛㐩ᡂ࡛ࡁࡿỈ‽࡜௚⪅ࡢ᥼
ࡢᚓⅬ࡟཯ᫎࡉࢀ㸪ࡑࢀࢆࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ㛫࡛➇ࢃࡏ
ຓࢆཷࡅ࡚㐩ᡂ࡛ࡁࡿỈ‽ࡢᕪࢆ⾲ࢃࡍᴫᛕ࡛
ࡿ STAD 㸦 Student-Teams-Achievement Di-
࠶ࡿⓎ㐩ࡢ᭱㏆᥋㡿ᇦ㸦ZPD: Zone of proximal
visions; Slavin, 1995㸧㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡛ࡢヰࡋྜ࠸
development㸧 ὀ
㸦ࣂࢬࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ㸧࡜඲య࡛ࡢඹ᭷ࢆྲྀࡾධࢀ
1 㸧 ࢆᥦၐࡋࡓࣦ࢕ࢦࢶ࣮࢟
㸦Vygotsky, L.S.㸧ࡢ⌮ㄽ࡟㈇࠺࡜ࡇࢁࡀ኱ࡁࡃ㸪
ࡓࣂࢬᏛ⩦㸦ሷ⏣, 1989㸧
㸪ᩍᖌ࡟᥼ຓࡉࢀ࡞ࡀ
ࡇࡢ⌮ㄽࡣㄆ▱Ⓨ㐩࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ྠࡌࡃᵓᡂ୺⩏ⓗ
ࡽ⏕ᚐࡀせ⣙࣭㉁ၥ࣭᫂☜໬࣭ண ࢆ஺஫࡟ࡋ
❧ሙࢆ࡜ࡿࣆ࢔ࢪ࢙㸦Piaget, J.㸧ࡢ⌮ㄽ࡟♫
࡞ࡀࡽㄞゎຊࢆ㣴࠺┦஫ᩍᤵἲ㸦Reciprocal
఍࣭ᩥ໬ⓗせ⣲ࢆຍ࿡ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ
Teaching: RT㸧
㸦Palincsar & Brown, 1984㸧➼㸪
㸦Santrock, 2012㸧ࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ࣆ࢔ࢪ࢙ࡣㄆ▱
ᵝࠎ࡞ᙧែࡀᥦ᱌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦⹒, 1983; ฟཱྀ,
ⓗᯟ⤌ࡳ࡛࠶ࡿࢩ࢙࣐㸦schema㸧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ྠ
2001; Santrock, 2012; ᇉⰼ, 2014; ⏫࣭୰㇂,
໬㸦assimilation; ࢩ࢙࣐࡬ࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸せ⣲ࡢ⤫ྜ㸧
2014㸧ࠋ୺࡟⡿ᅜ࡛㛤ⓎࡉࢀࡓࡇࢀࡽࡢᏛ⩦ᙧ
ࡸㄪ⠇㸦accommodation; ࢩ࢙࣐⮬యࡢಟṇ㸧
ែ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ᡃࡀᅜ࡛ࡶ㸪⹒㸦1983㸧࡟ࡼࡿ
࡟ࡼࡿᆒ⾮໬㸦equilibration㸧ࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ࡚▱
Jigsaw Ꮫ⩦᪉ᘧ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᐇ㊶◊✲ࡸ㸪⏫࣭୰㇂
㆑ࡣᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ಶேෆࡢኚ໬ࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆ
㸦2014㸧࡟ࡼࡿ RT ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᐇ㊶◊✲➼ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
㔜どࡋࡓࡀ㸪ࣦ࢕ࢦࢶ࣮࢟ࡣ▱㆑ࡢᵓᡂ࡟࠾ࡅ
ࡿ௚⪅࡜ࡢ♫఍┦஫స⏝ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ㔜どࡋࡓࡢ࡛
࠶ࡿ㸦Santrock, 2012; ᮡᮧ, 2014; ᑠ㔝⏣,
2014㸧ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪Ꮫࡧࡢ♫఍ⓗᩥ⬦ࢆ㔜ど
ࡍࡿ♫఍ⓗᵓᡂ୺⩏࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃᩍ⫱ⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ
࡛ࡣ㸪▱㆑ࡣ⤯ᑐⓗ࡞Ꮡᅾὀ
2㸧࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪௚⪅
࡜ࡢ┦஫స⏝ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ᵓ⠏ࡉࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ぢゎࢆ
ᣢࡘ㸦㔝ᮧ࣭୸㔝, 2014; Santrock, 2012㸧ࠋ୍
ᩧᤵᴗ࡛ࡣ㸪ᩍᖌ࡟ࡼࡿࠕṇࡋ࠸ࠖ▱㆑ࡢ୍᪉
ྥⓗ࡞ఏᤵࡀ୺ὶ࡞ࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪♫఍ⓗᵓᡂ୺
⩏࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ༠ྠᏛ⩦࡛ࡣ㸪ヰࡋྜ࠸ࡸᩍ࠼ྜ࠸
࡜࠸ࡗࡓᏛ⩦⪅㛫ࡢ┦஫స⏝ࢆ㏻ࡌࡓ▱㆑ࡢ⋓
ᚓࡸ㸪᪤Ꮡࡢ▱㆑ࡢ෌ᵓ⠏ࡀヨࡳࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶
ࡿࠋ
㸱㸬࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢ
฼Ⅼ࡜ၥ㢟
༠ྠᏛ⩦ࡢ฼Ⅼ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪Ꮫ⩦ᡂᯝࢆࡣࡌࡵ㸪
Ꮫ⩦⪅ࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢྥୖ㸪Ꮫ⩦⪅㛫ࡢ┦஫స⏝
㸦peer interaction㸧ࡢⰋዲ໬ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀ㸪⾜
ື࣭άືࢆ⮬ศ࡛㑅࡭ࡿ㸦୺యⓗ࡟άື࡛ࡁࡿ㸧
ࡇ࡜࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⫯ᐃⓗ࡞ឤ᝟㸪௚ࡢᏛ⩦⪅࡜ࡢ┦
஫౫Ꮡࡸ༠ㄪᛶ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᣦ᦬ࡶ࠶ࡿ㸦Santrock ,
2012)ࠋᑠ࣭୰࣭㧗ᰯ⏕᫬௦࡟య㦂ࡋࡓ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕
ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢὀ㸱㸧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪኱Ꮫ⏕ࢆᑐ㇟࡜
ࡋࡓ㉁ၥ⣬ㄪᰝࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓⓑ஭㸦2011㸧ࡣ㸪ࡑ
ࡢయ㦂࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㧗ᰯ⏕ࡼࡾࡶᑠ࣭୰Ꮫ⏕ࡢ㡭ࡢ
‫ݢ‬ஜ‫≝܇ڭ‬Иሁɶሁ૙Ꮛ↚ⅹↀ↺⇈⇕⇬⇉⇼∝∏∞⇱∙⇖↝᧙ᡲᙲ‫↺ↈ᧙↚׆‬ɟᎋ‫ݑ‬
145
᪉ࡀከ࠸㸦య㦂ࡋࡓᅇ⟅⪅ࡢ๭ྜࡀከ࠸㸧ࡇ࡜
㸦౛: ⯆࿡㛵ᚰࡀ㐪ࡗࡓ㸪ព࿡ࡢ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆࡸ
ࢆሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࡑࡢάືࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠕࡓ
ࡽࡉࢀࡓ㸧
㸪
࠙ᩍᖌࡢᣦᑟࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࠚ
㸦౛: ඛ⏕ࡀ
ࡵ࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࠖ
㸦฼Ⅼ㸧ࢆ⮬⏤ᅇ⟅࡛ᑜࡡࡓ⤖
ࡋࡗ࠿ࡾࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡜㐟ࢇ࡛ࡋࡲ࠺㸧㸪࠙ࢢ࣮ࣝ
ᯝࡀグ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ᮏ✏࡛ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢグ㍕ෆ
ࣉࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࠚ
㸦౛: ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉෆ࡛௰ࡢ
ᐜࢆࡲ࡜ࡵ࡚ୖ఩ᴫᛕࢆᢳฟࡋ࡚ࡳࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖
ࡼ࠸Ꮚࡀ୰ᚰ㸪ពぢࢆゝࡗ࡚ࡶྲྀࡾୖࡆࡽࢀࡎ
ᯝ㸪ᛮ⪃ຊࡸㄪᰝ⬟ຊࡢྥୖ㸪▱㆑⋓ᚓ࡜࠸ࡗ
⌮୙ᑾ࡞ࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡗࡓ㸧㸪࠙㈐௵࣭ᙺ๭ศᢸࡀ୙
ࡓ࠙Ꮫ⩦ᡂᯝࡢྥୖࠚ
㸦ᅇ⟅౛: ⪃࠼ࡿຊࡀ௜࠸
᫂░ࠚ
㸦౛: ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ⓗ࡞ேࡀ࠸࡞࠸࡜ࡲࡗࡓࡃ
ࡓ㸪⮬ศ௨እࡢேࡢពぢࡀ⪺ࡅ࡚▱㆑ࡀᗈࡀࡗ
ࡓࡵ࡟࡞ࡽ࡞࠸㸧ࡢ 4 ࡘࡀᢳฟࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࢀ࡟
ࡓ㸧㸪༠ㄪᛶ㸪㉁ၥ㸪Ⓨゝ㸪㆟ㄽ➼ࡢ࠙༠ྠసᴗ
ຍ࠼࡚㸪ᶫᮏ㸦1994㸧ࢆᘬ⏝ࡋ࡚ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦
ࡢࢫ࢟ࣝࡢྥୖࠚ
㸦౛: ༠ㄪᛶࢆᏛࢇࡔ㸪⮬ศࡢ
ࡢၥ㢟Ⅼࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓฟཱྀ㸦2001㸧ࡣ㸪࠙㞟ᅋά
ᛮࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀゝ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓ㸧㸪࠙ᙺ๭࣭㈐
ື࡟ࡼࡿᏛ⩦ᡂᯝࡢపୗࠚ
㸦౛: ࠕຊࡢ࠶ࡿᏊࡢ
௵࡟ᑐࡍࡿព㆑ࡢྥୖࠚ
㸦౛: ㈐௵ឤ㸦⮬ศࡢᙺ
㏣ồࢆ㕌ࡽࡏࡿሙྜ࠶ࡾࠖ㸪ࠕ㞟ᅋᛮ⪃࡟ࡼࡾ㸪
๭ࡢ㔜ࡉ㸧ࢆឤࡌࡓ㸪ᙺ๭ศᢸࡢ኱ษࡉࡀศ࠿
ࡴࡋࢁప࠸⪃࠼ࡀฟࡿྍ⬟ᛶ࠶ࡾࠖ㸧ࢆᣦ᦬ࡋ㸪
ࡗࡓ㸧㸪࠙୺యᛶ࣭⬟ືᛶࡢྥୖ㸪ཬࡧ㐩ᡂឤࡢ
ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ㄢ㢟ෆᐜ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᣦ
⋓ᚓࠚ
㸦౛: ⮬ศࡓࡕࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡋ࡜ࡆࡓ㸪ᑡேᩘ
ᑟࡢࡳ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪Ꮫࡧ᪉ࡢᣦᑟ㸦ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦
࡞ࡢ࡛ពぢ஺᥮ࡀάⓎ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸧ࡢ 4 ࡘࡢୖ఩
ࡢ㐍ࡵ᪉ࡸᑐே㛵ಀ࡟㛵ࡍࡿࢫ࢟ࣝࡢᣦᑟ㸧ࡶ
ᴫᛕࡀᢳฟࡉࢀࡓࠋ኱Ꮫ⏕ࡢ᫬Ⅼ࡛ࡢᅇ᝿࡛ࡣ
ᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜୺ᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⏫࣭୰㇂㸦2014㸧
࠶ࡿࡀ㸪Ꮫ⩦⪅ᮏேࡀࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ࡢ฼Ⅼࢆㄆ
ࡶ㸪༢࡟ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࢆ⤌ࡲࡏ࡚άືࢆࡉࡏ࡚ࡶ㸪
㆑࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀㄞࡳྲྀࢀࡿࠋ
ࡑࢀࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ༠ྠᏛ⩦ࡣᡂ❧ࡋ㞴࠸࡜ࡋࡓ࠺࠼
୍᪉࡛㸪༠ྠᏛ⩦࡟ࡣၥ㢟ࡶከࡃᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚
࡛㸪༠ྠᏛ⩦ᡂ❧ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪ᩍᖌࡀලయⓗ࡞
࠸ࡿࠋSantrock㸦2012㸧ࡣ㸪ప࠸Ꮫ⩦㐩ᡂᗘࡢ
᪉␎ࢆࡶࡗ࡚ពᅗⓗ࡟௓ධࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡜㏙
⏕ᚐࡀ㧗࠸⏕ᚐࡢᏛ⩦ࡢ㐍ᗘࢆ㕌໬ࡉࡏࡿ㸪ಶ
࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ேసᴗࡢ᪉ࢆዲࡴ⏕ᚐࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ㸪ᑡᩘࡢ⏕ᚐ
༠ྠᏛ⩦ࡸࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦࡜࠸ࡗࡓ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕
ࡢࡳࡀㄢ㢟࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴ୍᪉࡛㸪࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ఱࡶࡋ
ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢ฼Ⅼࢆ᭱኱㝈ᘬࡁฟࡍࡓࡵ࡟㸪
࡞࠸⪅ࡀ࠸ࡿ㸪ㄢ㢟࡜ࡣ㛵ಀࡢ࡞࠸άືࡸ⚾ㄒ
ಶࠎࡢᣦᑟ᪉ἲࡀᢪ࠼ࡿㄢ㢟࣭ၥ㢟ࢆඞ᭹ࡍ࡭
ࢆࡍࡿ⪅ࡀ࠸ࡿ㸪௚⪅࡜ຠᯝⓗ࡟༠ྠࡍࡿ㸦⏕
ࡃᵝࠎ࡞ᩍᤵἲࡀ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ⤒⦋ࡀ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪
⏘ⓗ࡟㆟ㄽࡍࡿ㸪⮬ศࡢ⪃࠼ࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿ㸪௚⪅
௨ୗ࡟㸪࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢᡂ❧ࡢ㛵㐃せ
ࡢ⪃࠼ࢆホ౯ࡍࡿ㸧ࡓࡵࡢࢫ࢟ࣝ࡟Ḟࡅࡿ⏕ᚐ
ᅉ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ᐇドⓗ◊✲ሗ࿌ࢆࡶ࡜࡟ࡲ࡜ࡵࡓ
ࡀከ࠸࡜࠸ࡗࡓၥ㢟ࢆᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ
࠸ࠋࡑࢀ࡟ඛ❧ࡕ㸪ୖグ࡛ᢳฟࡋࡓ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭
ᣦ᦬ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⩦⪅㛫ࡢ࠙ㄆ▱Ỉ‽ࡢ᱁ᕪࠚ
㸦㸯␒┠
࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢၥ㢟㸦࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢᡂ
ࡢᣦ᦬ࡀヱᙜ㸧㸪࠙♫఍ⓗᩥ⬦࡛ࡢᏛࡧࡢ‽ഛᛶ
❧ࡢ㜼ᐖせᅉ㸧㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ၥ㢟ձ㸦ㄆ▱Ỉ‽ࡢ
ࡢᮍ⇍ࡉࠚ
㸦㸰␒┠௨㝆ࡢᣦ᦬ࡀヱᙜ㸧ࡢ㸰Ⅼ࡟
᱁ᕪ㸧
㸪ၥ㢟ղ㸦♫఍ⓗᩥ⬦࡛ࡢᏛࡧࡢ‽ഛᛶࡢ
㞟⣙࡛ࡁࡿࠋ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢ࡟ࡣఏ㐩
ᮍ⇍ࡉ㸧㸪ၥ㢟ճ㸦άື࡟㛵ᚰࡀᣢ࡚࡞࠸㸧㸪ၥ
ࡍࡿ▱㆑ࡸ᝟ሗ㔞࡟㝈ࡾࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ᣦ᦬ࡋࡓ࠺࠼
㢟մ㸦ᩍᖌࡢᣦᑟࡢᅾࡾ᪉㸧㸪ၥ㢟յ㸦ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ
࡛㸪ඛ࡟⤂௓ࡋࡓⓑ஭㸦2011㸧ࡣ㸪ࠕࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ
ࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡢ㛵ಀᛶ㸧㸪ၥ㢟ն㸦㈐௵࣭ᙺ๭ศᢸ
Ꮫ⩦࡟ࡘ࠸࡚␲ၥࢆឤࡌࡓࡇ࡜ࠖ
㸦ၥ㢟㸧࡟ࡘ࠸
ࡀ୙᫂░㸧
㸪ၥ㢟շ㸦㞟ᅋάື࡟ࡼࡿᏛ⩦ᡂᯝࡢ
࡚ࡶ኱Ꮫ⏕ࡢᅇ⟅ࢆᚓ࡚࠸ࡿࠋୖグࡢ฼Ⅼ࡟㛵
పୗ㸧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪᭦࡟ୖ఩ᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡿӐᣦᑟሙ
ࡍࡿୖ఩ᴫᛕᢳฟ࡜ྠᵝࡢ᪉ἲ࡛㸪ၥ㢟࡟㛵ࡍ
㠃ࡢタᐃӑ㸦ၥ㢟ղ㸪մ㸪ն㸧
㸪Ӑ♫఍ⓗືᶵ࡙
ࡿᅇ⟅ࢆࡲ࡜ࡵࡿ࡜㸪࠙άື࡟㛵ᚰࡀᣢ࡚࡞࠸ࠚ
ࡅ࣭♫఍ⓗᚿྥᛶӑ㸦ၥ㢟ճ㸪յ㸧
㸪࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡢ
146
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌
Ӑㄆ▱Ỉ‽ࡢ᱁ᕪӑ㸦ၥ㢟ձ㸪շ㸧࡟㞟⣙ࡋࡓࠋ
ⓗሗ㓘࡟ࡼࡿືᶵ࡙ࡅ㸧㸪ྲྀࡾධࢀⓗㄪᩚ㸦୙
ࡇࡢ㸱せᅉ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᩥ⊩࡟ࡘ࠸࡚௨ୗ࡟⤂௓ࡍ
Ᏻ࣭᜝࡞࡝ࡢឤ᝟࠿ࡽ⮬ᡃ㛵୚ⓗ࡟⾜ືࡍࡿ㸧㸪
ࡿࠋ
ྠ୍໬ⓗㄪᩚ㸦⾜ືࡢ౯್ࡸ㔜せᛶࢆㄆࡵ࡚ά
ືࡍࡿ㸧
㸪ෆⓎⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅ㸦άືࡑࡢࡶࡢࢆ┠ⓗ
㸲㸬ᣦᑟሙ㠃ࡢタᐃ࡜♫఍ⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅ࣭
♫఍ⓗᚿྥᛶ
࡜ࡋ㸪⯆࿡࣭ᴦࡋࡉ࠿ࡽ⮬Ⓨⓗ࡟⾜ືࡍࡿ㸧ࡢ
㸲ࡘࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅࡀタᐃࡉࢀࡿࠋእⓗㄪᩚ㸪ྲྀࡾ
ධࢀⓗㄪᩚ㸪ྠ୍໬ⓗㄪᩚ㸪ෆⓎⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡟
ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ࡢຠᯝࢆ㧗ࡵࡿせ௳࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ⓑ
⛣⾜ࡍࡿ࡯࡝⮬ᚊᛶࡣ㧗ࡲࡿࠋᒸ⏣㸦2008㸧ࡣ㸪
஭㸦2011㸧ࡣ㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮㸪ࣇ࢓ࢩࣜࢸ
཭ே㛵ಀ࡬ࡢ⮬ᚊⓗ࡞ືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡜✚ᴟⓗ࡞ᑐே
࣮ࢱ࣮ࡢᙺ๭ࡢ㔜せᛶࢆᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋㄡࡀ࡝
ⓗ⾜ື࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ㸦ᒸ⏣, 2005, 2006㸧㸪཭ே࡜ࡢ
ࡢࡼ࠺࡟୺ᑟⓗᙺ๭ࢆⓎ᥹ࡍࡿࡢ࠿㸪࣮ࣜࢲ࣮
༠ྠⓗᏛ⩦࡜Ⰻዲ࡞཭ே㛵ಀᵓ⠏ࡢ㛵ಀ㸦ฟཱྀ,
ࡢ୺ᑟ࡟༠ຊⓗ࡟ཧຍࡍࡿ௚ࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡢᙺ๭
2001; Johnson & Ahlgrem, 1976㸧ࢆࡩࡲ࠼㸪
ࢆㄡࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᢸ࠺ࡢ࠿㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ࡸ༠
཭ே࡜ࡢᏛ⩦άື࡟࠾ࡅࡿືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪Ꮫ
ྠᏛ⩦࡟࠾ࡅࡿᙺ๭࣭㈐௵ࡢ᫂☜໬ࡣ㸪Ꮫࡧࡢ
⩦࡬ࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡜཭ே㛵ಀ࡟ᑐࡍࡿືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢ
ሙ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᑐேⓗࡩࡿࡲ࠸ࢆࡍࢀ
୧᪉ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ᳨ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡤࡼ࠸ࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ᣦᑟሙ㠃ࡢタᐃ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㔜せ
࡞ㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪ᣦᑟሙ㠃ࡢタᐃ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᙺ
๭࣭㈐௵ࡢ᫂☜໬ࡣ㸪Ꮫࡧࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡟࠾࠸࡚
୍᪉㸪༠ྠᏛ⩦࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏛ⩦⪅ࡢ♫఍ⓗせᅉ
௚⪅࡜࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㛵ࢃࡿ࠿㸪ࡲࡓ㸪௚⪅࡜ࡢ㛵
࡟㛵ࡍࡿືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢ㔜せᛶࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓ⏫࣭୰㇂
ࢃࡾࡸ㛵ಀᛶᵓ⠏ࢆ࡝ࢀ࡯࡝ᕼồࡍࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺
㸦2014㸧ࡣ㸪ಶேࡢࡶࡘ♫఍ⓗ࡞ᮇᚅࡸᙺ๭࡬
♫఍ⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡜ᐦ᥋࡟㛵㐃ࡋࡓࢺࣆࢵࢡ࡜ゝ
ࡢᚿྥ࡛࠶ࡿ♫఍ⓗ㈐௵┠ᶆ㸦Social respon-
࠼ࡿࠋ♫఍ⓗᵓᡂ୺⩏࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭ࣛ
sibility goal㸧
㸦Wentzel, 1989; ฟཱྀ࣭୰㇂, 2003㸧
࣮ࢽࣥࢢ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪⮬ศࡢᙺ๭ࢆㄆ㆑ࡋ࡚௚
࡟ὀ┠ࡍࡿࠋ♫఍ⓗ㈐௵┠ᶆࡣ㸪♫఍ⓗ࣭ᑐே
⪅࡜ࡢ෇⁥࡞┦஫స⏝࣭㛵ಀᛶࢆᵓ⠏ࡋ㸪Ꮫࡧ
ⓗ࡟㐺ษ࡞つ⠊ࢆㄆ▱ࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࢆᚿྥࡍࡿつ⠊
ࡢᡂᯝࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྠ᫬࡟ồࡵࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛
㑂Ᏺ┠ᶆ࡜㸪௚⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿ᥼ຓࡸ༠ຊ࡬ࡢᚿྥ
࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢⅬ࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿᐇドⓗ◊✲ࢆఱⅬ࠿ᴫ
࡛࠶ࡿྥ♫఍ⓗ┠ᶆ࠿ࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀ㸪Ꮫ⩦࡬ࡢᙳ
ほࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ
㡪ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦୰㇂, 1996; ⏫࣭୰㇂,
2014㸧ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪Ꮫࡧ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ♫఍ⓗືᶵ
㸲㸬㸯 ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦࡟㛵ࡍࡿᣦᑟ࡜ᑐே㛵ಀࢫ
࡙ࡅ࡜ࡣ㸪Ꮫࡧࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡟࠾࠸࡚௚⪅࡜㐺ษ
࢟ࣝࡢᣦᑟࡢྠ᫬ᐇ᪋ࡢᚲせᛶ㸦ฟཱྀ,
࡟㛵ࢃࡾ㸪༠ຊⓗ࡞㛵ಀᛶࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆồ
2001㸧
ࡵࡿഴྥ࡜ᤊ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀ㸪Ꮫ⩦⪅㛫ࡢ⫯ᐃⓗ࣭
ฟཱྀ㸦2001㸧ࡣ㸪ᑠᏛᰯ୰࣭㧗Ꮫᖺࡢ⌮⛉࡟
༠ຊⓗ࡞ᑐே㛵ಀ࡟㛵㐃ࡋ࡚㸪Ꮫ⩦ሙ㠃࡟࠾ࡅ
࠾ࡅࡿࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦㸦୍ᐃᮇ㛫⥅⥆ࡋ࡚タᐃࡉ
ࡿ཭ே㛵ಀࡢ㔜せᛶ࡟╔┠ࡋࡓ◊✲࡟ᒸ⏣
ࢀࡿࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࢆ᝿ᐃ㸧ࡢ㐍ࡵ᪉࡟ᑐࡍࡿᣦᑟ࡜
㸦2008㸧ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪཭ே࡜ࡢᏛ⩦άື
ྠ᫬࡟㸪ᑐே㛵ಀᵓ⠏ࡢࢫ࢟ࣝ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᣦᑟࡶ
࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚㸪⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮
ᐇ᪋ࡍࡿᚲせᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢢ࣮ࣝ
ㄽ㸦self-determination theory㸧
㸦Deci & Ryan,
ࣉᏛ⩦࡟ᑐࡍࡿᩍᖌࡢᣦᑟࢆࠕウ㆟࡟㛵ࡍࡿᣦ
1985; Ryan & Deci, 2000㸧࡟╔┠ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇ
ᑟࠖ
㸦౛: ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ࡢព⩏㸪⮬ศࡢពぢࢆ௚
ࡢ⌮ㄽ࡛ࡣ㸪⮬ᕫỴᐃᛶ㸦⮬ᚊᛶ㸧࡜࠸࠺ほⅬ
⪅࡟㐺ษ࡟ఏ࠼ࡿ᪉ἲ㸪௚⪅࠿ࡽ཯ᑐពぢࢆࡶ
࠿ࡽ㸪እⓗㄪᩚ㸦௚⪅࠿ࡽࡢࡣࡓࡽࡁ࠿ࡅࡸእ
ࡽ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡢ኱ษࡉ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㄝ᫂➼㸧࡜ࠕཧຍ࣭
‫ݢ‬ஜ‫≝܇ڭ‬Иሁɶሁ૙Ꮛ↚ⅹↀ↺⇈⇕⇬⇉⇼∝∏∞⇱∙⇖↝᧙ᡲᙲ‫↺ↈ᧙↚׆‬ɟᎋ‫ݑ‬
147
༠ຊ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᣦᑟࠖ
㸦౛: ෆᐜࡀศ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸ே࡟
ྜࡣ㸪࡝ࡕࡽࡢᣦᑟࡶᐇ᪋ࡋ࡞࠸ሙྜࡼࡾࡶ⫯
ᩍ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ኱ษࡉࡸ௚⪅ࡢ⪃࠼ࢆ⪺ࡃࡇ࡜ࡢ
ᐃⓗㄆ▱ࡀపῶࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
኱ษࡉ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㄝ᫂㸪ᙺ๭ศᢸ࡞࡝༠ຊࡋ࡚
ࡲࡓ㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ࡢၥ㢟Ⅼ࡟㛵ࡍࡿㄆ▱࡟㛵
඲ဨࡀཧຍ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟㓄៖ࡍࡿᣦᑟ➼㸧࡟ศ
ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪࡝ࡕࡽࡢᣦᑟࡶప࠸⩌࡟࠾࠸࡚ゝ࠸த
ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ๓⪅ࡣࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ࡢ㐍ࡵ᪉࡟㛵ࡍ
࠸ࡢⓎ⏕ࡀ᭱ࡶከ࠸࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝ࡜࡞ࡾ㸪༢࡟ࢢ
ࡿᣦᑟ㸦ᣦᑟ㸯㸧࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᚋ⪅ࡣࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦
࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ࢆᑟධࡋࡓࡔࡅ࡛㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ࡢ
࡟࠾ࡅࡿᑐே㛵ಀᵓ⠏ࡢࢫ࢟ࣝ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᣦᑟ
㐍ࡵ᪉࡟㛵ࡍࡿᣦᑟࡶᑐே㛵ಀᵓ⠏ࡢࢫ࢟ࣝ࡟
㸦ᣦᑟ㸰㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋᣦᑟ㸯࡜㸰ࡢ㢖ᗘࡢ㧗ప࡟
㛵ࡍࡿᣦᑟࡶ༑ศ࡛࡞࠸ሙྜࡣ㸪ࡏࡗ࠿ࡃࡢᏛ
ࡼࡾ㸲⩌ࢆタᐃࡋ㸪Ꮫ⩦⪅ࡢㄆ▱㸦ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ
ࡧࡢሙࡀ㸪ゝ࠸த࠸࡜࠸࠺㈇ࡢ♫఍ⓗ┦஫స⏝
⩦ࡢຠᯝ࡟ᑐࡍࡿㄆ▱㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ࡢၥ㢟Ⅼ
ࡢሙ࡟࡞ࡿ༴㝤ᛶࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
࡟ᑐࡍࡿㄆ▱㸧ࡀ⩌࡟ࡼࡗ࡚␗࡞ࡿ࠿᳨ウࡋ࡚
௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪ฟཱྀ㸦2001㸧ࡣ㸪ຠᯝⓗ࡞ࢢ
࠸ࡿ㸦ᣦᑟ㸯ࡢ㧗ప࡜ᣦᑟ㸰ࡢ㧗పࡢ㸰せᅉศ
࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ࡢᡂ❧࡟ࡣ㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ࡢ㐍ࡵ᪉
ᩓศᯒ㸧ࠋࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ࡢຠᯝ࡟ᑐࡍࡿㄆ▱ࡣ㸪
ࡸᑐே㛵ಀ࡟㛵ࡍࡿࢫ࢟ࣝ➼ࢆᣦᑟࡍࡿᚲせᛶ
Ꮫຊࡢྥୖ㸦౛: Ꮫ⩦ෆᐜࢆࡼࡃ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡓ㸪
ࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿ Gillies & Ashman (1996, 1997,
ᤵᴗ࡟ཧຍ࡛ࡁࡓ➼㸧㸪཭ே࡜ࡢぶ஺࣭ㄯヰ㸦౛:
1998)࡟ゐࢀ㸪୧ᣦᑟࡢྠ᫬ᐇ᪋ࡢᚲせᛶࢆᙉࡃ
཭㐩࡜Ⰽࠎヰࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ㸪⪃࠼ࡢ㐪࠺཭㐩࡛ࡶ௰
୺ᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
Ⰻࡃࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ➼㸧㸪཭ே࡜ࡢ▱ⓗ஺ὶ
㸦౛: ࡳࢇ࡞ࡢᡂ⦼ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ㸪ࢢ
࣮ࣝࣉࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࢆຓࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ➼㸧ࡢ
㸲㸬㸰 ᤵᴗࡢᵓ㐀໬࡜♫఍ⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢ㛵㐃
㸦⏫࣭୰㇂, 2014㸧
㸱㡿ᇦ࠿ࡽ㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ࡢၥ㢟Ⅼ࡟ᑐࡍࡿㄆ
⏫࣭୰㇂㸦2014㸧ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⩦⪅ࡀᙺ๭ࢆศᢸࡋ
▱ࡣ㸪⚾ㄒ㸦ຮᙉ࡜ࡣ㛵ಀࡢ࡞࠸ヰ㸧ࡢ㢖ᗘ㸪
┦஫స⏝ࢆᵓ㐀໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ≉ᚩ࡜ࡍࡿ┦஫ᩍ
Ꮫ⩦࡬ࡢཧຍ⪅ࡢ೫ࡾ㸦࠸ࡘࡶỴࡲࡗࡓேࡀᐇ
ᤵἲ㸦RT㸧ࢆᑠᏛᰯ 5 ᖺ⏕ࡢ⟬ᩘ⛉㸦ከᵝ࡞ᛮ
㦂㸪ほᐹ㸪Ⓨ⾲ࢆࡋ㸪࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ఱࡶࡋ࡞࠸ேࡀ
⪃ࡸゎࡀチᐜࡉࢀࡿ༢ඖࡸᏛ⩦ㄢ㢟ࢆ⪃៖ࡋ㸪
࠸ࡓ㸧
㸪≉ᐃពぢࡢ೫㔜㸦࠸ࡘࡶỴࡲࡗࡓேࡢព
༠ྠゎỴሙ㠃࡟㐺ࡋࡓㄢ㢟ࢆ㑅ᢥ࣭౑⏝㸧࡟࠾
ぢࡔࡅࡀ࡜ࡾ࠶ࡆࡽࢀࡓ㸧
㸪ゝ࠸த࠸ࡢⓎ⏕㸦ヰ
࠸࡚ヨࡳ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡢᵓ㐀໬࡜ࡣ㸪ᙺ๭ศ
ࡋྜ࠸ࡀཱྀࡆࢇ࠿࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ㸧ࡢ㸲Ⅼ
ᢸࡸヰࡋྜ࠸ࡢᡭ㡰ࢆ᫂♧ࡋ㸪ෆⓗ࡞ಶேࡢᛮ
࠿ࡽ᳨ウࡉࢀࡓࠋ
⪃ࢆእ໬ࡉࡏ㸪㉁ၥ࣭ᛂ⟅ࡢ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚
ศᩓศᯒࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ࡢຠᯝ࡟ᑐ
ෆⓗᛮ⪃ࢆಁ㐍ࡋ㸪Ꮫ⩦ࢆ㐍⾜ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧
ࡍࡿㄆ▱㸦Ꮫຊࡢྥୖ㸪཭ே࡜ࡢぶ஺࣭ㄯヰ㸧
ࡍࠋࡇࡢ◊✲ࡣ㸪RT ⩌㸦௓ධ⩌㸧࡜୍⯡ⓗ࡞
ࡣ㸪ᣦᑟ㸯࡜㸰ࡀ࡜ࡶ࡟㧗࠸⩌ࡀ᭱ࡶ㧗Ỉ‽ࢆ
ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓ⩌㸦ᙺ๭ᥦ♧➼ࡢᵓ
♧ࡋ㸪ᣦᑟ㸯ࡀ㧗ࡃᣦᑟ㸰ࡀప࠸⩌ࡀ᭱పࡢỈ
㐀໬ࢆࡋ࡞࠸ᑐ↷⩌㸧ࡢẚ㍑ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ RT ࡢຠ
‽࡛㸪࡝ࡕࡽࡢᣦᑟࡶప࠸⩌ࡼࡾࡶୗᅇࡿ࡜࠸
ᯝࢆ᳨ウࡋ㸪RT ࡢຠᯝ࡜Ꮫ⩦⪅ࡢ♫఍ⓗ࡞ື
࠺⤖ᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦
ᶵ࡙ࡅせᅉ㸦ඛ㏙ࡢྥ♫఍ⓗ┠ᶆ㸧࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࢆ
ࡢ㐍ࡵ᪉࡟㛵ࡍࡿᣦᑟ࡜ᑐே㛵ಀᵓ⠏ࡢࢫ࢟ࣝ
᳨ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᑐ㇟⪅ࢆྥ♫఍ⓗ┠ᶆࡢ㧗ప࡟
࡟㛵ࡍࡿᣦᑟࡢ୧᪉ࢆᐇ᪋ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪
ࡼࡗ࡚㸰⩌࡟ศࡅ㸦Ꮫࡧࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡟࠾࠸࡚௚
Ꮫ⩦⪅⮬㌟ࡢᏛᴗᡂᯝࡸ௰㛫࡜ࡢ஺ὶ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ
⪅࡜༠ຊⓗ࡞㛵ಀᛶࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆồࡵࡿഴ
⫯ᐃⓗㄆ▱ࡀಁ㐍ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿ୍᪉࡛㸪
ྥࡀ㧗࠸⪅ࢆ㧗⩌㸪ప࠸⪅ࢆప⩌࡜ࡍࡿ㸧㸪Ꮫຊ㸪
ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ࡢ㐍ࡵ᪉࡟㛵ࡍࡿᣦᑟࡢࡳ࡛㸪ᑐ
⏨ዪẚࡶ⪃៖ࡋ࡚㸲ேࢆᇶᮏ࡜ࡍࡿࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ⦅
ே㛵ಀᵓ⠏ࢫ࢟ࣝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᣦᑟࡀకࢃ࡞࠸ሙ
ᡂࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠸㸪௓ධ⩌࡜ᑐ↷⩌ࢆタᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
148
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌
୧⩌࡜ࡶᤵᴗࡢὶࢀࡣྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸦Ꮫ⩦ㄢ㢟
⩦࡛ࡣ㐺ᛂ࡟ᅔ㞴ࡀ᝿ᐃࡉࢀࡿሙྜ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ㸪
ᥦ♧ńಶே࡛ࡢㄢ㢟ゎỴń༠ྠ࡛ࡢㄢ㢟ゎỴń
ሙ㠃ࢆᵓ㐀໬ࡉࡏࡿ RT ࡢ௓ධ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ࢢࣝ
Ꮫ⩦ࡢ᣺ࡾ㏉ࡾ㸧㸪༠ྠㄢ㢟ゎỴሙ㠃࡟࠾࠸࡚௓
࣮ࣉᏛ⩦࡬ࡢ㛵୚᪉ἲࡀ᫂☜໬ࡋ㸪⌮ゎࢆ῝໬
ධ⩌ࡢࡳ࡟㸪RT ࡢᣦᑟᯟ⤌ࡳ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃᩍ♧ࢆ
ࡉࡏࡓྍ⬟ᛶࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿࠋࡑࢀ࡜ྠ᫬࡟㸪ࡇࡢ
࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋㄢ㢟࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⮬ศࡢ⪃࠼ࢆㄝ
ࡼ࠺࡞௓ධࡀ࡞࠸ሙྜࡣ㸪ྥ♫఍ⓗ┠ᶆࡀ㧗ࡃ
᫂ࡍࡿㄝ᫂ᙺ㸦㸯ே㸧࡜ࡑࡢㄝ᫂ࡀࡼࡾ⢭⦓໬
࡚ࡶᛮ⪃ಁ㐍ࡀᢚไࡉࢀࡿ༴㝤ᛶ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪
ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞㉁ၥࢆࡍࡿ㉁ၥᙺ㸦㸱ே㸧ࢆタᐃ
௚⪅࡜⬟ືⓗ࡟㛵୚ࡍࡿ≉ᛶࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ㸪Ꮫ⩦
ࡋ㸪ㄝ᫂ᙺ࣭㉁ၥᙺࢆ୍ᐃ᫬㛫ẖ࡟஺௦ࡍࡿ࡜
ㄢ㢟ࡢከᵝ࡞ゎἲࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿሙ㠃࡛ࡣ㸪ヰࡋྜ
࠸࠺ᩍ♧࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᑐ↷⩌࡟ࡣࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙺ๭ศ
࠸ࡢᡭ㡰ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ㸪௚⪅ࡢᛮ⪃ࢆಁࡍ
ᢸࡸᡭ㡰ࢆ᫂♧ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ
ࡇ࡜ࡣᅔ㞴࡜ㄆ▱ࡋࡓྍ⬟ᛶࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛
ࡲࡎ㸪Ꮫ⩦ࡢ᣺ࡾ㏉ࡾሙ㠃࡛ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓᏛ⩦ㄢ
࠶ࡿࠋ
㢟㐩ᡂᗘࢸࢫࢺ㸦Ꮫ⩦ㄢ㢟ࡢ㢮㢟㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪
ࡲࡓ㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦࡟࠾ࡅࡿⓎヰࡢ㔞ⓗ࣭㉁
௓ධ⩌ࡢṇゎ⪅ࡢ๭ྜࡀ㧗࠸࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝࡀᚓࡽ
ⓗศᯒ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪௓ධ⩌࣭ᑐ↷⩌ẖ࡟㸪1 ࢢࣝ
ࢀ㸦ࣇ࢕ࢵࢩ࣮ࣕࡢ┤᥋☜⋡ィ⟬࡟ࡼࡿ㸧㸪RT
࣮ࣉࡢ 1 ᤵᴗ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᖹᆒⓎヰᩘࢆୖ఩ 4 ࢝ࢸ
ࡢຠᯝࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࢦ࣮ࣜ࡟ศ㢮ࡋ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ձᏛ⩦㛵㐃㸦῝࠸㸧
ḟ࡟㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦࡬ࡢ⫯ᐃⓗㄆ▱࡜ࡋ࡚㸪
㸦⮬ศࡢ⪃࠼ࢆヲࡋࡃ㏙࡭ࡿㄝ᫂ࡸ┦ᡭࡢㄝ᫂
ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦࡬ࡢ㛵୚࣭⌮ゎ㸦౛: ヰࡋྜ࠸ࢆ
ࢆ⢭⦓໬ࡍࡿ㉁ၥ➼㸧㸪ղᏛ⩦㛵㐃㸦ὸ࠸㸧㸦┦
㏻ࡌ࡚Ꮫ⩦ෆᐜࡀࡼࡃ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿ㸪཭㐩࡜ࡢ㉁
ᡭࡢㄝ᫂࡟ᑐࡍࡿ༢⣧࡞␲ၥࡢ⾲ฟࡸ┦ᵔ࣭᚟
ၥ࣭ㄝ᫂ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚⮬ศࡢ⪃࠼ࡀ᫂☜࡟࡞ࡿ㸧
㸪Ⓨ
ၐ➼ࡢ୍⯡ⓗᛂ⟅➼㸧㸪ճ㐠Ⴀ࣭⥔ᣢ㛵㐃㸪մ㠀
ヰ࡟ࡼࡿ⌮ゎ࣭ᛮ⪃ಁ㐍㸦౛: ⮬ศࡢពぢ࡟ࡼ
Ꮫ⩦㛵㐃ࡢ㸲࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜ࡟ศ㢮ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢⓎヰᩘ
ࡗ࡚ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢヰࡋྜ࠸ࡀ῝ࡲࡿ㸪⮬ศࡢ㉁ၥ
࡟㛵ࡋ࡚㸲㸦࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜ㸧×㸰㸦⩌㸧ࡢ Ȯ ᳨ᐃ
࡟ࡼࡗ࡚௰㛫ࡢㄝ᫂ࡀࡼࡾヲ⣽࡟࡞ࡿ㸧ࡢ㸰㡿
ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ᑐ↷⩌࡛ࡣࠕᏛ⩦
ᇦࢆタᐃࡋ㸪RT ௓ධࡢ๓ᚋ࡛ࡑࡢ⛬ᗘࢆ ᐃ
㸦῝࠸㸧ࠖࡀᑡ࡞ࡃࠕ㠀Ꮫ⩦㛵㐃ࠖࡀከ࠸ࡇ࡜㸪
ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ㸦௓ධࡢ᭷↓࡜ ᐃ᫬ᮇࡢ㸰せᅉศᩓ
௓ධ⩌࡛ࡣࠕᏛ⩦㸦῝࠸㸧
ࠖࡀከࡃࠕ㠀Ꮫ⩦㛵㐃ࠖ
ศᯒ㸧㸪௓ධ⩌࡛㛵୚࣭⌮ゎࡢྥୖࡀ㸪ᑐ↷⩌࡛
ࡀᑡ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ㸪RT ௓ධࡀᏛ⩦࡟㛵㐃
ᛮ⪃ಁ㐍ࡢపୗࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽࡣ㸪
ࡍࡿ῝࠸Ⓨヰࡢ⏕ᡂࢆಁ㐍ࡋ㸪Ꮫ⩦࡟㛵㐃ࡋ࡞
RT ࡟ࡼࡿሙ㠃ࡢᵓ㐀໬࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ
࠸Ⓨヰࢆᢚไࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋ᭦࡟㸪ྥ
⩦࡬ࡢ㛵୚࣭⌮ゎࡢㄆ▱ࡀಁ㐍ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜㸪ཬ
♫఍ᛶ┠ᶆࡢ㧗⩌࣭ప⩌࡜௓ධࡢ᭷↓࡟ࡼࡗ࡚
ࡧ㸪ᵓ㐀໬ࡋ࡞࠸ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦࡛ࡣヰࡋྜ࠸࡟
4 ⩌ࢆタᐃࡋ㸪ᖹᆒⓎヰᩘࢆୖグ 4 ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜ
ࡼࡿ⌮ゎ࣭ᛮ⪃࡟㛵ࡍࡿㄆ▱ࡀపῶࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ
ู࡟⟬ฟࡋ࡚㸲㸦⩌㸧×㸲㸦࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜ㸧ࡢ Ȯ
♧၀ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪ሙ㠃ࡢᵓ㐀໬ࡀకࢃ࡞ࡅ
᳨ᐃࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪῝࠸Ꮫ⩦㛵㐃ࡢⓎヰࡣ௓
ࢀࡤ㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦࡟ᑐࡍࡿᏛ⩦⪅ࡢ⫯ᐃⓗㄆ
ධ⩌ࡢ㧗⩌ࡀከࡃ㸪㠀Ꮫ⩦㛵㐃ࡢⓎヰࡣᑐ↷⩌
▱ࡢపୗࡸ㸪ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞ᵓ࠼ࡢㄏⓎࡢ༴㝤ᛶ
ࡢప⩌ࡀከ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ
ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᭦࡟㸪ྥ♫఍ⓗ┠ᶆࡢ
⏫࣭୰㇂㸦2014㸧ࡢሗ࿌ࡣ㸪RT ࡟ࡼࡿヰࡋ
㧗࣭ప⩌ࡑࢀࡒࢀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ྠᵝࡢ 2 せᅉศᩓ
ྜ࠸ࡢᵓ㐀໬ࡀ㸪⌮ゎࡢ῝໬㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦࡬
ศᯒࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪ప⩌ࡢ௓ධ⩌࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㛵
ࡢ⫯ᐃⓗㄆ▱ࡢಁ㐍㸪Ꮫ⩦࡟࠾ࡅࡿ┦஫స⏝ࡢ
୚࣭⌮ゎࡢྥୖ㸪ཬࡧ㸪㧗⩌ࡢᑐ↷⩌࡟࠾ࡅࡿ
㉁ࡢྥୖ࡟⤖ࡧ௜ࡃྍ⬟ᛶࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶
ᛮ⪃ಁ㐍ࡢపῶࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ㸪
ࡿࠋྥ♫఍ⓗ┠ᶆࡢ㧗ప࡟ࡼࡿ RT ࡢ௓ධຠᯝ
᥼ຓ࣭༠ຊࡢᚿྥᛶࡀపࡃ㸪㏻ᖖࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ
ࡢ┦㐪ࡶ♧၀ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ᡂ❧ࡢ
‫ݢ‬ஜ‫≝܇ڭ‬Иሁɶሁ૙Ꮛ↚ⅹↀ↺⇈⇕⇬⇉⇼∝∏∞⇱∙⇖↝᧙ᡲᙲ‫↺ↈ᧙↚׆‬ɟᎋ‫ݑ‬
149
ࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⩦⪅ࡢ♫఍ⓗែᗘ࣭ᚿྥᛶࡀࢢࣝ
࡝࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶࢃ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸࡜ࡁ㸪ᩍ࠼࡚ࡶࡽ࠺㸧
㸪᥼
࣮ࣉ඲యࡢᏛ⩦ࡢᡂᯝ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿⅬࢆㄆ㆑
ຓᥦ౪㸦౛: ⮬ศࡢࢃ࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿၥ㢟ࡢゎࡁ᪉
ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᚲせ࡜ࡉࢀࡼ࠺ࠋ
ࢆヲࡋࡃㄝ᫂ࡍࡿ㸧
㸪┦஫Ꮫ⩦㸦౛: ⯆࿡ࡢ࠶ࡿ
ෆᐜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ヰࡋྜ࠺㸧㸪Ꮫ⩦ᶵ఍㸦౛: ఇࡳ᫬
㸲㸬㸱 ཭ே࡟ᑐࡍࡿືᶵ࡙ࡅ㸪┦஫Ꮫ⩦㸪඘ᐇ
ឤࡢ㛵㐃㸦ᒸ⏣, 2008㸧
㛫୰࡟཭ே࡜୍⥴࡟ຮᙉࡍࡿ㸧ࡢ㸲ୗ఩ᑻᗘ࠿
ࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿᑻᗘ㸦ᒸ⏣, 2008㸧ࢆ౑⏝ࡋ࡚࠸
⏕ᚐࡢ௰㛫㛵ಀࡀ┦஫ࡢ᝟ሗ஺᥮ࡸࣔࢹࣜࣥ
ࡿࠋ཭ே㛵ಀ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ඘ᐇឤࡣ㸪㯮⏣࣭ᱜ஭
ࢢ➼ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚㸪Ꮫ⩦࡬ࡢᚑ஦ࡸពḧ࡟ᙳ㡪ࡍࡿ
㸦2003㸧ࡢᑻᗘ㸦౛: ཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡀ඘ᐇࡋ࡚
࡜࠸࠺ᣦ᦬㸦Ryan, 2000㸧ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼㸪ᒸ⏣㸦2008㸧
࠸ࡿ㸧ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ ᐃࡋ㸪Ꮫ⩦࡟㛵ࡍࡿෆᐜ࡟ᑐ
ࡣ୰Ꮫ⏕ࡢ཭ே࡜ࡢᏛ⩦άື㸦ᤵᴗ᫬㛫ෆእࡢ
ᛂࡍࡿᙧᘧ࡛సᡂࡋࡓࡶࡢࢆᏛ⩦඘ᐇឤᑻᗘ࡜
Ꮫ⩦㸧࡟ὀ┠ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢඛ⾜せᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚⮬ᚊⓗ࡞
ࡋ࡚౑⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ືᶵ࡙ࡅࢆ㸪⤖ᯝᣦᶆ࡜ࡋ࡚඘ᐇឤࢆタᐃࡋ㸪
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ ᐃࡉࢀࡓྛኚᩘ㛫ࡢ㛵ಀ࡟ࡘ࠸
ࡑࢀࡽࡢ㛵㐃࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪
࡚㸪ືᶵ࡙ࡅ㸦཭ே㛵ಀࡢ RAI㸪Ꮫ⩦ࡢ RAI㸧
཭ே࡜ࡢᏛ⩦άື࡜࠸࠺♫఍ⓗᩥ⬦࡛ࡢᏛࡧࡢ
ࡀ㸪཭ே࡜ࡢᏛ⩦άື㸦᥼ຓせㄳ㸪᥼ຓᥦ౪㸪
ᵝ┦࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪཭ே㛵ಀ࡬ࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡜Ꮫ⩦࡬
┦஫Ꮫ⩦㸪Ꮫ⩦ᶵ఍㸧࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ㸪᭦࡟඘
ࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅ㸪ཬࡧ㸪཭ே࡟㛵ࡍࡿ඘ᐇឤ࡜Ꮫ⩦
ᐇឤ㸦཭ே㸪Ꮫ⩦㸧࡟ࡶస⏝ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࣉࣟࢭ
࡟㛵ࡍࡿ඘ᐇឤ࡜࠸࠺ྛせᅉ㛫ࡢ㛵㐃ࢆㄪᰝࡋ
ࢫࢆ᝿ᐃࡋࡓࣃࢫゎᯒࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ⤖
ࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ᯝ㸪᥼ຓせㄳࡣ㸪཭ே㛵ಀ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⮬ᚊⓗ࡞ື
཭ே㛵ಀ࡬ࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪཭ே㛵ಀ
ᶵ࡙ࡅ࡜඘ᐇឤ࡟᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࢆ♧ࡋ㸪཭ே㛵ಀ
ࢆࡶࡘࡇ࡜ࡸ཭ே࡟ാࡁ࠿ࡅࡿ⌮⏤ࢆ ᐃࡍࡿ
࡬ࡢ⮬ᚊⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅࡀ᥼ຓせㄳࢆ௓ࡋ࡚཭ே㛵
ᑻᗘ㸦Okada, 2007; ᒸ⏣, 2005㸧ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ ᐃ
ಀ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ඘ᐇឤࢆ㧗ࡵࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࣉࣟࢭࢫࡀ♧
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢᑻᗘࡣ㸪ືᶵ࡙ࡅࢆ⮬ᚊᛶࡢほ
၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋ᥼ຓᥦ౪࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⩦࡬ࡢ⮬ᚊ
Ⅼ࠿ࡽㄝ᫂ࡍࡿ⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁ㸪እⓗ
ⓗ࡞ືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡜඘ᐇឤ࡟᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠾
㸦౛: ཭ே㛵ಀࢆసࡗ࡚࠾ࡃࡼ࠺࡟㸪ࡲࢃࡾ࠿
ࡾ㸪Ꮫ⩦࡬ࡢ⮬ᚊⓗ࡞ືᶵ࡙ࡅ࠿ࡽ᥼ຓᥦ౪ࢆ
ࡽゝࢃࢀࡿ࠿ࡽ㸧㸪ྲྀࡾධࢀ㸦౛: ཭ேࡀ࠸࡞࠸
⤒࡚㸪Ꮫ⩦࡟ᑐࡍࡿ඘ᐇឤ࡟⮳ࡿࣉࣟࢭࢫࡀ⪃
ࡢࡣ㸪᜝ࡎ࠿ࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡔ࠿ࡽ㸧
㸪ྠ୍໬㸦౛: ཭
࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋ┦஫Ꮫ⩦ࡣ㸪཭ே㛵ಀ࡬ࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅ
ே࡜୍⥴࡟᫬㛫ࢆ㐣ࡈࡍࡢࡣ㸪㔜せ࡞ࡇ࡜ࡔ࠿
࡜᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࢆ♧ࡋ㸪཭ே㛵ಀ࡜Ꮫ⩦࡟ᑐࡍࡿ
ࡽ㸧
㸪ෆⓎ㸦౛: ཭ே࡜ぶࡋࡃ࡞ࡿࡢࡣ㸪࠺ࢀࡋ
඘ᐇឤࢆண ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᮏ✏࡛ྲྀࡾୖ
࠸ࡇ࡜ࡔ࠿ࡽ㸧ࡢ㸲ୗ఩ᑻᗘ࠿ࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿࠋ
ࡆ࡚࠸ࡿ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡣ㸪ࡇࡇ࡛ࡢ
ྛୗ఩ᑻᗘᚓⅬࢆ㔜ࡳ࡙ࡅࡋ࡚㸪ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢ⮬
┦஫Ꮫ⩦࡜᭱ࡶ㛵㐃ࡀ῝࠸ࡀ㸪ᒸ⏣㸦2008㸧ࡢ
ᚊᛶࡢ⛬ᗘࢆ⾲ࡍᣦᶆ㸦Relative Autonomy
⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽࡣ㸪཭ே㛵ಀ࡬ࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅࡀ┦஫Ꮫ⩦
Index: RAI㸧ࡀ⟬ฟࡉࢀࡿࠋᏛ⩦࡬ࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅ
ࢆ௓ࡋ࡚཭ே㛵ಀ࡜Ꮫ⩦ࡢ୧᪉ࡢ඘ᐇឤ࡟ᙳ㡪
ࡣ㸪㏿Ỉ࣭⏣⏿࣭ྜྷ⏣㸦1996㸧ࡢᑻᗘࢆ౑⏝ࡋ㸪
ࡍࡿࣉࣟࢭࢫࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡿࠋ཭ே࡜ࡢ༠ྠⓗ࡞
ୗ఩ᑻᗘ࡛࠶ࡿእⓗ㸦౛: ຮᙉࡋ࡞࠸࡜ぶࡀ࠺
Ꮫ⩦άືࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚཭ே㛵ಀࡀ඘ᐇࡋ㸪Ꮫ⩦࡟ᑐ
ࡿࡉ࠸࠿ࡽ㸧
㸪ྲྀࡾධࢀ㸦౛: ຮᙉࡋ࡞࠸࡜⮬ศ
ࡋ࡚ࡶ⫯ᐃⓗ࡞ែᗘࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧၀
ࡀ᜝ࡎ࠿ࡋ࠸࠿ࡽ㸧
㸪ྠ୍໬㸦౛: ຮᙉࡋ࡚࠾ࡃ
ࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࡭ࡁ኱ษ࡞ෆᐜࡔ࠿ࡽ㸧㸪ෆⓎ㸦౛: ࢃ࠿ࡿࡼ࠺
࡟࡞ࡿࡢࡀ࠺ࢀࡋ࠸࠿ࡽ㸧ࡢᚓⅬ࠿ࡽ RAI ࢆ⟬
ฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᏛ⩦άື࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪᥼ຓせㄳ㸦౛:
㸲㸬㸲 ᣦᑟሙ㠃ࡢタᐃ࡜♫఍ⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅ࣭♫఍
ⓗᚿྥᛶࡢ㔜せᛶ
150
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌
௨ୖᴫほࡋࡓㅖ◊✲㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ
ࡓᚰ⌮ⓗ᥼ຓࡢ⣲㣴ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿᩍᖌ࡟ࡣ㸪⮫
⩦࡟㛵ࡍࡿᣦᑟ࡜ᑐே㛵ಀࢫ࢟ࣝࡢྠ᫬ᐇ᪋ࡢ
ᗋⓎ㐩ᚰ⌮Ꮫࡢ▱ぢ࠿ࡽᚓࡿࡶࡢࡣ኱ࡁ࠸࡜⪃
㔜せᛶࢆ♧ࡋࡓฟཱྀ㸦2001㸧㸪ᤵᴗࡢᵓ㐀໬ࡢ
࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪♫఍ⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢಁ㐍ࡸ㸪SST
㔜せᛶ࡜♫఍ⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡟ࡼࡿᩍ⫱ຠᯝࡢ㐪࠸
㸦Social Skill Training㸧ࡸ࢔ࢧ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣙࣥࢺࣞ
ࢆᣦ᦬ࡋࡓ⏫࣭୰㇂㸦2014㸧㸪཭ே㛵ಀࡸᏛ⩦
࣮ࢽࣥࢢࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᑐேࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ෇
࡬ࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡜Ꮫ⩦άື㸪᭦࡟ࡣ඘ᐇឤࡢ㛵㐃
⁥໬ࢆពᅗࡋࡓᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࡶ᭷ຠ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀ㸪
ࢆ♧ࡋࡓᒸ⏣㸦2008㸧࠿ࡽ㸪࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛ
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ヨࡳࡣ㸪ูᯟࡢᤵᴗࢆタᐃࡋ࡚ᐇ᪋
ࢽࣥࢢᡂ❧ࡢ㛵㐃せᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ᣦᑟሙ㠃ࡢタᐃ
ࡍࡿࡢࡀ⌧ᐇⓗ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋᩍᖌ࡟ࡣ㸪ࡇࡢࡼ
ࡢᅾࡾ᪉㸪♫఍ⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅ࣭♫఍ⓗᚿྥᛶࡢᵝ
࠺࡞ᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࡢィ⏬㸪㐠Ⴀ㸪ホ౯࡜࠸ࡗࡓ⣲㣴࣭
┦ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡿࠋ
ᢏ㔞ࡶồࡵࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࢁ࠺ࠋ
ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢᩥ⊩⤂௓࡜ࡑࡢෆᐜࡢᩚ⌮ࢆ㏻ࡋ
࡚㸪࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࢆᡂ❧ࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ
㸳. ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡢㄆ▱Ỉ‽ࡢ᱁ᕪ
ࡢᑐ⟇࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪➹⪅ࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟⪃࠼ࡿࠋࡲ
ࡎ㸪ᣦᑟሙ㠃ࡢタᐃࢆ࠸࠿࡟ᕤኵࡍࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺
Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ᤵᴗ࡛ᢅ࠺ෆᐜࡢྫྷ࿡ࡸᩍᤵἲࡢ
ᨵၿ࣭ྥୖ➼㸪ᩍᖌࡢࠕᩍ࠼ࡿ⪅ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ⣲
㣴ࢆ඘ᐇࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛ᑐᛂ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋᩍ
࠼ࡿ⣲㣴ࡢ඘ᐇࡣ㸪ᤵᴗ◊✲ࡸ◊ಟ➼ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚㸪
༑ศ࡟ᐇ⌧࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ
ḟ࡟㸪♫఍ⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅ࣭♫఍ⓗᚿྥᛶࢆ࠸࠿
࡟άᛶ໬ࡍࡿ࠿࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࢀ࡟ࡣ᪂ࡓ࡞࢔ࣉ
࣮ࣟࢳࡀᚲせ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣ㸪ᚰ⌮Ꮫⓗ࡞࢔
ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ♫఍ⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅࡸ♫఍ⓗᚿྥ
ᛶ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ㸪ᩍ⫱ෆᐜ࡜࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡣ㸪㞟ᅋάື
ࡸᑐே㛵ಀ࡬ࡢ㐺ᛂ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࢸ࣮࣐ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⩦ෆ
ᐜ࡜ࡣูḟඖࡢᚰ⌮ⓗ≉ᛶ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㡿ᇦ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪
ᚰ⌮Ꮫⓗ࡞▱ぢࡀ኱࠸࡟ά⏝࡛ࡁࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ
౛࠼ࡤ㸪ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢⓎ㐩ࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ
▱㆑࣭ぢゎࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿⓎ㐩ᚰ⌮Ꮫࡸ㸪ࡑࡢ⮫ᗋ
ᛂ⏝㡿ᇦ࡛࠶ࡿ⮫ᗋⓎ㐩ᚰ⌮Ꮫࡢ▱ぢࡀ᭷ຠ࡜
⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ⮫ᗋⓎ㐩ᚰ⌮Ꮫ࡛ࡣ㸪ㄆ▱Ⓨ㐩࡜
ࡑࡢᨭ᥼㸪ゝㄒ࣭ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥⓎ㐩࡜ࡑ
ࡢᨭ᥼㸪♫఍࣭᝟ືⓎ㐩࡜ࡑࡢᨭ᥼࡜࠸ࡗࡓ㸪
Ⓨ㐩ࡢྛ㡿ᇦ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᇶ♏ⓗ࡞▱ぢ࡜ලయⓗ
࡞ᨭ᥼᪉ἲࡀ᳨ウࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸦㛗ᓮ࣭ྂ⃝࣭⸨
⏣, 2002; ᮏ㒓࣭㔠㇂, 2011㸧㸪࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭ࣛ
࣮ࢽࣥࢢᡂ❧ࡢ㛵㐃せᅉ࡜ྜ⮴ࡍࡿෆᐜࡀᥦ౪
ࡉࢀࡿࠋඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢⓎ㐩ẁ㝵ࢆぢᤣ࠼࡚㸪㐺
ษ࡞♫఍ࢫ࢟ࣝࡸᑐே㛵ಀࢫ࢟ࣝࡢಁ㐍࡜࠸ࡗ
࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢᡂ❧ࡢ㛵㐃せᅉ࡜ࡋ
࡚㸪ᮏ✏࡛ࡢ᭱ᚋࡢࢺࣆࢵࢡ࡜࡞ࡿࡀ㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝ
ࣉࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡢㄆ▱Ỉ‽ࡢỈ‽᱁ᕪ࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚
ウࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ༠ྠᏛ⩦࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࣌࢔ࡢ⤌ࡳ᪉ࡸ࣓
ࣥࣂ࣮ࡢᵓᡂ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪Santrock㸦2012㸧࡛ࡣ㸪
Ꮫ⩦⪅ࡢ⬟ຊ㸪Ẹ᪘ⓗ⫼ᬒ㸪♫఍⤒῭ⓗᆅ఩㸪
ᛶู࡟࠾࠸࡚ከᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ່ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡑࡢ⌮⏤࡜ࡋ࡚㸪Ꮫ⩦⪅㛫ࡢᩍ࠼ྜ࠸ࡸ༠ຊࡢ
ᶵ఍ࡀ᭱኱㝈ᘬࡁฟࡉࢀ㸪ᛶูࡸᩥ໬ࢆ㉸࠼ࡓ
㛵ಀᛶࡀಁ㐍ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑ
ࡋ࡚㸪ᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶ㸯ྡࡣ୚࠼ࡽࢀࡓㄢ㢟࡟ྲྀࡾ
⤌ࡵࡿ⪅࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢᣦ᦬
ࡣ㸪♫఍࣭ᩥ໬ⓗ࡞ከᵝᛶࡀΰᅾࡍࡿ⡿ᅜࡢᩍ
⫱⌧ሙࡢᐇ᝟ࢆ཯ᫎࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࡀ㸪Ꮫ⩦
⪅ࡢ⬟ຊࡢከᵝᛶࡣ㸪ᅜࡀ␗࡞ࡗ࡚ࡶඹ㏻ࡋ࡚
᳨ウࡍ࡭ࡁ஦㡯࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡢㄆ▱Ỉ‽ࡢ᱁ᕪ࡟ὀ┠
ࡋࡓᐇドⓗ◊✲࡟㸪ᶒ࣭⸨ᮧ㸦2004㸧ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
㡑ᅜࡢᑠᏛᰯ㸳ᖺ⏕ࢆᑐ㇟࡟㸪஧ே⤌࡟ࡼࡿ⟬
ᩘࡢ༠ྠⓗၥ㢟ゎỴ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏛ⩦ຠᯝࢆ᳨ウࡋ
ࡓࡶࡢ࡛㸪࣌࢔ࡢㄆ▱Ỉ‽㸦ၥ㢟ࢆゎࡃ᪉ἲࡢ
⢭⦓ᗘࡢࣞ࣋ࣝ㸧ࡢ᱁ᕪࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ሙྜ㸪ᑠࡉ࠸
ሙྜ㸪ྠࣞ࣋ࣝ㸦ྠ⛬ᗘࡢ⢭⦓ᗘ㸧ࡢሙྜ࡜࠸
࠺࣌࢔ࡢᵓᡂ᮲௳ࢆタᐃࡋ㸪Ꮫ⩦ຠᯝࡸ༠ྠᏛ
⩦࡟࠾ࡅࡿ┦஫స⏝ࡢᵝ┦ࡢ㐪࠸࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ศᯒ
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⟬ᩘࡢㄢ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ᑠᏛᰯ୰࣭㧗Ꮫ
‫ݢ‬ஜ‫≝܇ڭ‬Иሁɶሁ૙Ꮛ↚ⅹↀ↺⇈⇕⇬⇉⇼∝∏∞⇱∙⇖↝᧙ᡲᙲ‫↺ↈ᧙↚׆‬ɟᎋ‫ݑ‬
151
ᖺࡢㄆ▱Ⓨ㐩ࢆ≉ᚩ࡙ࡅࡿᛮ⪃ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿẚ
ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ୗ఩࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࡀタᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
౛ⓗ᥎⌮㸦proportional reasoning㸧ࢆ᥇⏝ࡋ࡚
ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪
㸦A㸧㛫㐪ࡗࡓ᪉␎࡟㛵ࡍࡿᥦ᱌㸦ㄗ
࠸ࡿ㸦౛: ⮬ື㌴ࡀ㸰᫬㛫࡛ 120km ㉮ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ
ᥦ᱌㸧࡜ṇࡋ࠸᪉␎࡟㛵ࡍࡿᥦ᱌㸦ṇᥦ᱌㸧
㸪
㸦B㸧
ྠࡌ㏿ࡉ࡛㸲᫬㛫㉮ࡿ࡜㸪
㉮ࡗࡓࡁࡻࡾࡣఱ km
༢⣧࡟ศ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸㒊ศ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢၥ࠸㸦㉁ၥ㸧
࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍ࠿㸽㸧㸦⸨ᮧ, 1992㸧ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ㄢ
࡜᰿ᣐ࡙ࡅࡢせồ㸪␗࡞ࡿពぢࡢᥦ♧㸦␗㆟㸧㸪
㢟ࢆゎࡃ᪉ἲ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪⸨ᮧ㸦1992㸧ࡣ᪉␎ࢆ㸱
㸦C㸧ᡭ⥆ࡁࡔࡅࡢ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ㸦ᡭ⥆ࡁ㸧࡜᰿ᣐ
ࡘ࡟ศ㢮ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ձຍῶἲ➼ࡢㄗ᪉␎㸪ղಸ
ࡢᥦ♧㸦᰿ᣐ㸧㸪㸦D㸧༢⣧࡞ᡭ⥆ࡁࡢ┿ఝ㸦ᶍ
ᩘ᧯స㸪ճ༢఩࠶ࡓࡾࡢ㔞ࡢィ⟬㸧
ࠋࡇࡢศ㢮࡟
ೌ㸧࡜⮬ศࡢ⾲⌧࡬ࡢゝ࠸᥮࠼㸦෌ᵓᡂ㸧࡛࠶
ᇶ࡙ࡁ㸪ᑐ㇟ඣ❺ࡢㄆ▱Ỉ‽ࢆ⩌ศࡅࡋ㸪᭱ࡶ
ࡿࠋࡇࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪
ࠕṇᥦ᱌ࠖ㸪
ࠕ␗㆟ࠖ㸪
ࠕ᰿ᣐࠖ
㸪
ࠕ෌
⢭⦓࡞᪉␎࡛࠶ࡿճ༢఩࠶ࡓࡾࡢ㔞ࡢィ⟬᪉␎
ᵓᡂࠖࡣࡼࡾ῝࠸஺ὶ㸦㆟ㄽࡢ῝ࡉ㸧ࢆ཯ᫎࡍ
ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿඣ❺ࢆ H ඣ㸪ㄗࡗࡓ᪉␎ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿඣ❺
ࡿࠋ
ࢆ L ඣ㸪ࡑࡢ୰㛫࡜ࡋ࡚ղಸᩘ᧯సࢆ⏝࠸ࡿඣ
Ⓨヰࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢᵝ┦ࡢศᯒ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ୖ఩࢝ࢸ
❺ࢆ M ඣ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪L ඣ࡜ H ඣ࡛
ࢦ࣮ࣜ㛫ࡢ᥎⛣☜⋡ࢆồࡵ㸪ࡑࡢゅኚ᥮್ࡢᖹ
࣌࢔ࢆ⤌ࡴ᮲௳㸦ࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ࡢㄆ▱Ỉ‽ࡢ᱁ᕪ
ᆒ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪LH ⩌࡜ LL ⩌ࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿᡭἲ㸦㹲
ࡀ኱ࡁ࠸᮲௳㸸ᐇ㦂㸯㸧࡜㸪M ඣ࡜ H ඣࡀࣃ࣮
᳨ᐃ㸧ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪LH ⩌ࡢ L ඣࡢ᪉ࡀࠕᥦ
ࢺࢼ࣮࡜࡞ࡿ᮲௳㸦ㄆ▱Ỉ‽ࡢ᱁ᕪࡀࡼࡾᑠࡉ
᱌ࠖ࠿ࡽࠕㄝ᫂ࠖ࡬㸪
ࠕㄝ᫂ࠖ࠿ࡽࠕཷᐜࠖ࡬⛣
ࡃ࡞ࡿ᮲௳㸸ᐇ㦂㸰㸧ࢆタࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
⾜ࡋࡓⓎヰࡢ☜⋡ࡀ㧗ࡃ㸪LL ⩌ L ඣࡣࠕᥦ᱌ࠖ
ᐇ㦂㸯࡛ࡣ㸪L ඣྠኈࡢ࣌࢔㸦LL ⩌㸧
㸪L ඣ
࠿ࡽูࡢࠕᥦ᱌ࠖ࡬ࡢ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋࡀ㉳ࡇࡿ☜⋡ࡀ
࡜ H ඣࡢ࣌࢔㸦LH ⩌㸧
㸪L ඣ༢⊂ࡢ⩌㸦L ⩌㸧
㧗࠸ഴྥࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ㄢ㢟࡟㛵ࡍࡿಶ
ࡢ㸱⩌ࢆタࡅ㸪஦๓ࢸࢫࢺ㸪༠ྠㄢ㢟㸪஦ᚋࢸ
ேࡢ⌮ゎᗘ࡜ㄆ▱ⓗኚᐜࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪ୗ
ࢫࢺࡢ㡰࡟ᤵᴗࢆᒎ㛤ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ஦ᚋࢸࢫࢺࡢ
఩࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࡢᖹᆒ⏕㉳ᩘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢศᩓศᯒ
㸦ୖ఩࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜẖ࡟㸪⩌㸦LH ࡢ H ⩌㸪LH
᳨ᐃ࡟᳨࡚ウࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪ඹ㏻ၥ㢟㸦஦๓ࢸࢫࢺ
ࡢ L ⩌㸪LL ࡢ L ⩌㸧࡜ୗ఩࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜ㸦⾲ᒙ
ࡸ༠ྠㄢ㢟୍࡛㈏ࡋ࡚ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓၥ㢟㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪
ⓗ஺ὶ㸪῝ᒙⓗ஺ὶ㸧ࡢ 2 せᅉศᩓศᯒ㸧ࢆᐇ
LH ⩌ࡢ L ඣࡀ㸪LL ⩌ L ඣࡸ L ඣ༢⊂⩌ࡢ L
᪋ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪
ࠕᥦ᱌ࠖ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚㸪LL ࡢ L ⩌ࡢࠕㄗ
ඣࡼࡾ㧗࠸㏻㐣⋡ࢆ♧ࡍഴྥࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ᥦ᱌ࠖࡀ㧗ࡃ㸪LH ࡢ H ⩌ࡢࠕṇᥦ᱌ࠖࡀ㧗࠸
ࡼࡾ㧗࠸ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮࡜⤌ࢇࡔ L ඣࡢࡳ
ࡇ࡜ࡀぢฟࡉࢀࡓࠋ
ࠕㄝ᫂ࠖ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪LH ࡢ
࡟Ꮫ⩦ຠᯝࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ
H ⩌ࡢࠕᡭ⥆ࡁࠖࡀ㧗ࡃ㸪ࠕཷᐜࠖ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ
㏻㐣⋡㸦ṇ⟅࣭ㄗ⟅ࡢẚ⋡㸧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⩌ู࡟ Ȯ
ࡲࡓ㸪༠ྠㄢ㢟࡟࠾ࡅࡿ┦஫స⏝ࡢᵝᏊࢆ㘓
LH ࡢ L ⩌ࡢࠕᶍೌࠖࡀ㧗࠸࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝ࡜࡞ࡾ㸪
⏬ࡋ㸪ࣉࣟࢺࢥࣝศᯒࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
௨ୖࡢࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪LH ࡢ H ඣࡣ㸪ࡼࡾከࡃࡢࠕṇ
Flanders(1970)ࢆཧ⪃࡟㸪
㸦A㸧᪉␎࡟㛵ࡍࡿ࢔
ᥦ᱌ࠖ࡜ࠕᡭ⥆ࡁⓗࠖㄝ᫂ࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠸㸪LH ࡢ L
࢖ࢹ࢔ࡢᥦ♧㸦ᥦ᱌㸧㸪㸦B㸧┦ᡭࡢᥦ᱌ࡸㄝ᫂
ඣࡣࡑࢀࢆ୺࡟ᶍೌࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ♧၀ࡋࡓࠋ
࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㉁ၥࡸ᰿ᣐ࡙ࡅࡢせồ㸪␗㆟ࡢᥦ♧㸦ᢈ
ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪LH ⩌ࡢᏛ⩦ࡣ㸪H ඣࡢᡭ⥆ࡁⓗㄝ
ホ㸧
㸪
㸦C㸧₇⟬ࡸᅗ࡟ࡼࡿᥦ᱌ࡢලయ໬㸦ㄝ᫂㸧㸪
᫂࡜ L ඣࡢᶍೌ࡟ࡼࡿᒎ㛤࡛࠶ࡾ㸪୍᪉ⓗ࡞▱
㸦D㸧┦ᡭࡢᥦ᱌ࡸㄝ᫂࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⣡ᚓࡸྠព㸦ཷ
㆑ఏ㐩࡜᪉␎ࡢ⾲ᒙⓗඹ᭷࡜࠸࠺≉ᚩࡀぢฟࡉ
ᐜ㸧࡜࠸࠺㸲ࡘࡢୖ఩࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࡀタᐃࡉࢀ㸪
ࢀࡓࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣ㸪࣌࢔ࡢㄆ▱ⓗỈ‽ࡢ
᭦࡟㸪Berkowitz, Oser, & Althof (1987)ࡢ⾲㇟
᱁ᕪࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࡇ࡜࡟㉳ᅉࡍࡿ࡜⪃ᐹࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ⓗ஺ὶ㸦representational transacts㸧࡜᧯సⓗ
ㄆ▱Ỉ‽ࡢ᱁ᕪࢆࡼࡾ⊃ࡵࡓ࣌࢔ࢆᵓᡂࡋࡓ
஺ὶ㸦operational transacts㸧ࡢศ㢮ࢆཧ⪃࡟㸪
ᐇ㦂㸰࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᐇ㦂㸯ࡢ L ඣࡀ M ඣ࡜஺
152
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌
᭰ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞⩌ࢆタᐃࡋ㸦MH ⩌㸪MM ⩌㸪M
⩌㸧㸪஦๓ࢸࢫࢺ㸪༠ྠㄢ㢟㸪஦ᚋࢸࢫࢺࡢᡭ㡰
㸴. ⥲ྜ⪃ᐹ
ࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ஦ᚋࢸࢫࢺࡢ㏻㐣⋡㸦Ȯ ᳨ᐃ㸧
࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪㢮ఝၥ㢟㸦༠ྠㄢ㢟࡜㢮ఝࡍࡿᩥ⬦
ఏ⤫ⓗ࡞୍ᩧᤵᴗࡣ㸪ᐇᅾⓗ▱㆑ࢆຠ⋡ࡼࡃ
࡜ᵓ㐀ࢆᣢࡘၥ㢟㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪MH ⩌࡜ MM ⩌
ఏᤵࡍࡿࡢ࡟㐺ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪㐺ษ࡟ཷᐜ࡛ࡁࡓಶ
ࡢ M ඣࡀ M ඣ༢⊂⩌ࡢ M ඣࡼࡾ㧗࠸࡜࠸࠺⤖
ࡢᏛࡧࢆಁࡍࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୍᪉㸪࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭
ᯝࡀ♧ࡉࢀ㸪M ඣࡢሙྜ㸪༢⊂⩌ࡼࡾࡶ࣌࢔࡟
ࡼࡿᏛ⩦ࢆࡋࡓ᪉ࡀ㢮ఝၥ㢟ࡲ࡛᪉␎ࡀ㐺⏝࡛
ࡁ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪Ꮫ⩦ຠᯝࡢ㌿⛣ࡀ⏕ࡌࡓ࡜ゎ㔘ࡉࢀ
ࡓࠋᐇ㦂㸯࡜ྠᵝ࡟㸪Ⓨヰࡢୖ఩࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜ㛫
ࡢ᥎⛣☜⋡࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ MH ⩌࡜ MM ⩌ࢆẚ㍑ࡋ
ࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪
ࠕᢈホࠖ࠿ࡽࠕㄝ᫂ࠖ࡬ࡢ᥎⛣㸪ཬࡧࠕㄝ
᫂ࠖ࠿ࡽࠕཷᐜࠖࡢ᥎⛣ࡣ㸪MH ⩌ࡢ᪉ࡀ᭷ព
࡟㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆぢฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽ㸪MH
⩌ࡢ┦஫స⏝ࡣ㸪୍᪉ࡢᥦ᱌࡟ᑐࡋ࡚௚᪉ࡀ✚
ᴟⓗ࡟ᢈุࢆ㏉ࡍ཮᪉ྥⓗ࡞ཧຍ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ
♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᐇ㦂㸯࡜ྠᵝࡢୗ఩࢝ࢸࢦ
࣮ࣜࡢᖹᆒ⏕㉳ᩘ࡟㛵ࡍࡿศᩓศᯒ㸦⩌㸦MH
࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡣ㸪♫఍ⓗᩥ⬦࡜࠸࠺௚⪅࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ
ᛶ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏛࡧ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏ✏࡛ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢᡂ❧ࡢ
㛵㐃せᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪Ꮫࡧࡢሙ㠃ࡢᵓ㐀໬㸪♫఍ⓗ
ែᗘ࣭ᚿྥᛶࡢಁ㐍㸪Ꮫ⩦⪅ࡢㄆ▱Ỉ‽ࢆព㆑
ࡋࡓࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᵓᡂ࡟ὀ┠ࡋ㸪ᐇドⓗ࡞◊✲ᡂᯝ
ࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆ⤂௓ࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛⤂௓ࡋࡓෆᐜ࠿
ࡽ㸪࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢᡂ❧࡟ࡣ㸪ࡇࢀ
ࡽࡢ㸱ࡘࡢせ⣲࡟␃ពࡋ㸪㐺ษ࡞ᕤኵ࣭ᑐ⟇ࡀ
ᚲせ࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀㄞࡳྲྀࢀࡿࠋ
ࡇࢀ࡟ຍ࠼࡚㸪➹⪅ࡣ᪂ࡓ࡞␲ၥࢆ࿊ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ
♫఍ⓗᩥ⬦࡛ࡢᏛࡧ࡜࠸࠺ഃ㠃ࡀ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭
࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢᮏ㉁࡟࠶ࡿࡢ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪ࡑࡶࡑࡶ♫
ࡢ H ⩌㸪MH ࡢ M ⩌㸪MM ࡢ M ⩌㸧࡜ୗ఩࢝
఍ⓗᩥ⬦࡛ࡢࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫ࡟ᅔ㞴ࢆ♧ࡍඣ
ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜ㸦㠀⾲ᒙⓗ஺ὶ㸪῝ᒙⓗ஺ὶ㸧ࡢ 2 せ
❺࣭⏕ᚐ࡟ࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᑐᛂࡀᚲせ࡟࡞ࡿࡢ࡛
ᅉศᩓศᯒ㸧ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪
ࠕㄗᥦ᱌ࠖࡣ MM
࠶ࢁ࠺࠿ࠋඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢ୰࡟ࡣ㸪ᑐே㛵ಀࡸᑐ
ࡢ M ⩌ࡀ᭷ព࡟㧗ࡃ㸪ࠕ␗㆟ࠖࡣ MH ࡢ M ⩌
ேࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ㸪ᩥ⬦ࡢ⌮ゎ㸪♫఍ⓗᩥ
ࡀ㸪
ࠕ᰿ᣐࠖࡣ MH ࡢ H ⩌ࡀ㸪
ࠕ෌ᵓᡂࠖࡣ MH
⬦࡛ࡢᏛ⩦ᅔ㞴➼㸪⮫ᗋⓎ㐩ᚰ⌮Ꮫⓗ࡞ၥ㢟ࢆ
ࡢ M ⩌ࡀ㧗࠸࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡍ࡞
ᢪ࠼ࡿ⪅ࡀ㸪ࢢ࣮࣭ࣞࢰ࣮ࣥࡶྵࡵ࡚ᑡ࡞࠿ࡽ
ࢃࡕ㸪MH ⩌ࡢ㆟ㄽࡣ㸪᰿ᣐࢆకࡗࡓㄝ᫂࡜㸪
⮬ศࡢゝⴥ࡛ᵓᡂࡋ࡞࠾ࡍ῝ᒙⓗ࡞஺ὶ࡛࠶ࡿ
ࡇ࡜ࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ㄆ▱ࡢ♫఍ᵓᡂ୺⩏ⓗ࡞ഃ㠃ࢆᙉㄪࡍࡿ◊✲
࡛ࡣ㸪
ࠕࡼࡾඃࢀࡓ⪅ࠖ࡜ࡢ┦஫స⏝࡟ࡼࡿᏛ⩦
ຠᯝࡀ୺ᙇࡉࢀࡿࡀ㸪ᶒ࣭⸨ᮧ㸦2004㸧࡛ࡣ㸪
ࠕࡼࡾඃࢀࡓࠖࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ࡢ᮲௳ࡀྠ୍࡛ࡶ㸪
┦ᡭࡢึᮇࡢㄆ▱≧ែ㸦ㄆ▱Ỉ‽㸧࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᵝ
┦ࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋㄆ▱Ỉ‽ࡢ᱁ᕪ
ࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ሙྜ࡟Ꮫ⩦ຠᯝࡀ㝈ᐃࡉࢀࡿ⌧㇟ࡣ㸪
ึᮇࡢ᪉␎Ỉ‽ࡀࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ࡢ᪉␎ࢆ⬟ືⓗ࡟
ྲྀࡾධࢀࡿ‽ഛ≧ែ࡟࠶ࡿ࠿ྰ࠿ࢆ཯ᫎࡍࡿࡶ
ࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ㄆ▱Ỉ‽ࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓ࣌࢔ࡸࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ
ࡢᵓᡂࡢ㔜せᛶࡀ⪃ᐹࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡎᏑᅾࡍࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ⓨ㐩ⓗ≉
ᛶࢆᣢࡘඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪㐣ᗘ࡟♫఍ⓗື
ᶵ࡙ࡅࡸ♫఍ⓗᚿྥᛶࢆồࡵࡿࡢࡣ㸪㐺ษ࡞ᑐ
ᛂ࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࢁ࠺ࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࡇࡢၥ㢟ࢆᲴୖࡆࡋ࡚
࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪ࡇ
ࢀࡽࡢ≉ᛶࢆࡶࡘᏛ⩦⪅ࡢᏛࡧࡢሙ࡛ࡢ୙㐺ᛂ
ࢆຓ㛗ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡶ࡞ࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓ㸪ࡇࢀ࡜ࡣ㏫ࡢⓎ᝿࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪࢔ࢡࢸ
࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢ≉ᚩࢆά࠿ࡋ࡚㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺
࡞Ⓨ㐩ⓗ≉ᛶࢆᣢࡘඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢᏛ⩦ࢆಁ㐍ࡉ
ࡏࡿ᪉␎ࡣᶍ⣴࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ౛࠼ࡤ㸪
ࠕࢳ
࣮࣒ࡢຊࠖࢆάᛶ໬ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ಶࠎࡢຊ㸦⮬
ຊ㸧࡛ࡣྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡀᅔ㞴࡞ㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ㸪ࢢ
࣮ࣝࣉࡢ௰㛫࡜ࡢ༠ຊ࣭༠ാ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㐩ᡂ࡛
ࡁࡿ࡜࠸ࡗࡓヨࡳ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢሙྜ㸪ಶࠎࡢඣ
‫ݢ‬ஜ‫≝܇ڭ‬Иሁɶሁ૙Ꮛ↚ⅹↀ↺⇈⇕⇬⇉⇼∝∏∞⇱∙⇖↝᧙ᡲᙲ‫↺ↈ᧙↚׆‬ɟᎋ‫ݑ‬
❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢⓎ㐩Ỉ‽ࢆⓗ☜࡟ᢕᥱࡋ㸪Ꮫ⩦ෆᐜ
ࡸᏛ⩦᪉ἲࡢ⥥ᐦ࡞᳨ウ࡜ᡓ␎ⓗ࡞ᤵᴗᒎ㛤ࡀ
ᚲせ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜᥎ᐹࡉࢀ㸪ᩍᖌ࡟ࡣ㸪Ⓨ㐩ᚰ⌮Ꮫ
ࡸ⮫ᗋⓎ㐩ᚰ⌮Ꮫ࡟ຍ࠼࡚㸪≉ูᨭ᥼ᩍ⫱ࡢ⣲
㣴ࡶồࡵࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࢁ࠺ࠋ
௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪㓄៖ࢆせࡍࡿⓎ㐩≉ᛶࢆ᭷ࡍ
ࡿඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢ
ࡢ࠶ࡾᵝࡣ㸪࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡀᮏ᱁ⓗ
࡟᥎ዡࡉࢀࡿ᫖௒ࡢ᫬ὶ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ᛴົࡢㄢ㢟
࡜ࡋ᳨࡚ウࡍ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ
⥲ࡌ࡚㸪ᩍᖌࡣᏛ⩦ෆᐜࢆᩍ࠼ࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞
ࡃ㸪♫఍ⓗែᗘᙧᡂࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿ࡜ྠ᫬࡟㸪࣌࢔
ࡸࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢᵓᡂ࡜࠸ࡗࡓேⓗ⎔ቃࡢᩚഛ࡟ᑐ
ࡍࡿ㓄៖ࡶồࡵࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ♫఍ⓗᩥ⬦
ࡸ♫఍ⓗ࡞㛵ಀᛶࢆᇶ┙࡟㐍⾜ࡉࡏࡿ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕
ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⩦ෆᐜࡸᩍᤵ᪉
ἲ࡟⢭㏻ࡋࡓ࠺࠼࡛㸪ᑐே㛵ಀࡢ᥼ຓ➼ࡢᚰ⌮
ⓗ᥼ຓࡢ⣲㣴ࡶᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᩍᖌࡢ㈇ᢸࡢ
ቑ኱ࡣ୙ྍ㑊࡛࠶ࡿࠋᩍᖌࢆᨭ᥼ࡍࡿయไᩚഛ
ࡶྵࡵ࡚㸪௒ᚋࡢ᳨ウㄢ㢟࡜ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ
ὀ 1㸧
Ⓨ㐩ࡢ᭱㏆᥋㡿ᇦࡣ㸪⮬ຊ࡛࡛ࡁࡿỈ‽㸦⌧ᅾࡢ
Ⓨ㐩Ỉ‽㸧࡜௚⪅ࡢ᥼ຓࢆཷࡅ࡚࡛ࡁࡿỈ‽㸦₯
ᅾⓗ࡞Ⓨ㐩Ỉ‽㸧ࡢᕪศࢆ⾲ࢃࡍᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪௒
ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡀḟ࡟⮬ຊ࡛㐩ᡂ࡛ࡁࡿ㡿ᇦࢆᣦࡍࠋ
ᩍ⫱ⓗࡣࡓࡽࡁ࠿ࡅ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࡇࡢ㡿ᇦࢆព㆑
ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦Santrock, 2012; ᑠ㔝⏣,
2014㸧ࠋ
ὀ 2㸧
ㄆ㆑ࡍࡿ୺య࡜ࡣ⊂❧࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿᐇᅾୡ⏺ࢆ཯
ᫎࡋࡓᐈほⓗ▱㆑㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪⛉Ꮫ⪅ࡸᑓ㛛ᐙ➼
ࡢᶒጾࡀṇࡋ࠸࡜ㄆࡵࡓ▱㆑ࢆ㔜ࢇࡌࡿ❧ሙࡣ㸪
ᐇᅾ୺⩏࡜࠸࠺ㄆ㆑ㄽ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ఏ⤫
ⓗ࡞Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱࡛ࡣࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞▱㆑ࡀᩍ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ࡁ
ࡓ㸦㔝ᮧ࣭୸㔝, 2014㸧ࠋ
ὀ 3㸧
ⓑ஭㸦2011㸧ࡣ㸪࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢ୰࡛
ࡶ㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦࡟↔Ⅼ໬ࡋࡓሗ࿌ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
153
ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩
⹒ ༓ኖ: 1983, ࠕඣ❺ࡢᏛᴗᡂ⦼࠾ࡼࡧᏛ⩦ែᗘ࡟
ཬࡰࡍ Jigsaw Ꮫ⩦᪉ᘧࡢຠᯝࠖ, ࠗᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊
✲࠘, ➨ 31 ᕳ, 102-112 㡫.
Aronson, E., Blaney, N., Sikes, J., Stephan, C., &
Snapp, M.: 1975, “Busing and racial tension:
The jigsaw route to learning and liking”, Psychology Today (February), pp. 43-50.
Berkowitz, M.W., Oser, F., & Althof, W.: 1987, “The
development of sociomoral discourse”, Kurtines,
W.M., & Gewirtz, J.L. (eds.), Moral development
through social interaction. John Wiley & Sons,
NY, pp.322-352.
୰ኸᩍ⫱ᑂ㆟఍: 2014, ࠗึ➼୰➼ᩍ⫱࡟࠾ࡅࡿᩍ⫱
ㄢ⛬ࡢᇶ‽➼ࡢᅾࡾ᪉࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࠘.
Deci, E.L., & Ryan, R.M. :1985, “Intrinsic motivation and self-determination”, Plenum Press, NY.
ฟཱྀᣅᙪ: 2001, ࠕࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦࡟ᑐࡍࡿᩍᖌࡢᣦᑟ
࡜ඣ❺࡟ࡼࡿㄆ▱࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࠖ, ࠗᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲࠘,
➨ 49 ᕳ, 219-229 㡫.
ฟཱྀᣅᙪ࣭୰㇂⣲அ: 2003, ࠕ⏕ᚐࡢ♫఍ⓗ㈐௵┠ᶆ
࡜༠ྠᏛ⩦࡟ᑐࡍࡿㄆ▱࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࠖ, ࠗᛶ᱁ᚰ⌮Ꮫ
◊✲࠘, ➨ 11 ᕳ, 120-121 㡫.
DeVries, D.L., Edwards, K.J., & Slavin, R.E.: 1978,
“Biracial learning teams and race relations in
the classroom: Four field experiments using
Teams-Games-Tournament”, Journal of Educational Psychology, Vol. 70, pp. 356-362.
Flanders, N.A.: 1970, “Analyzing teaching behavior”, Addison-Wesley Pub Co., Reaching, MA.
⸨ᮧᐉஅ: 1992, ࠕඣ❺ࡢẚ౛ⓗ᥎⌮࡟㛵ࡍࡿⓎ㐩ⓗ
◊✲ࠖ, ࠗᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲࠘, ➨ 40 ᕳ, 276-286 㡫.
Gillies, R.M., & Ashman, A.F.: 1996, “Teaching
collaborative skills to primary school children in
classroom-based work groups”, Learning and
Instruction, Vol. 6, pp.187-200.
Gillies, R.M., & Ashman, A.F.: 1997, “The effects of
training in cooperative learning on differential
student behavior and achievement”, The Journal of Classroom Interaction, Vol. 32, pp. 1-10.
Gillies, R.M., & Ashman, A.F.: 1998, “Behavior and
interactions of children in cooperative groups in
lower and middle elementary grades”, Journal
of Educational Psychology, Vol. 90, pp. 746-757.
ᶒ ⿱ၿ࣭⸨ᮧᐉஅ: 2004, ࠕྠᖺ㱋ඣ❺ࡢ༠ྠࡣ࠸
ࡘ᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࠿: ẚ౛ⓗ᥎⌮ࡢ᪉␎ࣞ࣋ࣝࡀ␗
࡞ࡿ࣌࢔ࡢ┦஫స⏝ࠖ, ࠗᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲࠘, ➨
52 ᕳ, 148-158 㡫.
ᶫᮏᐃ⏨: 1994, ࠕ␗࡞ࡿ⪃࠼ࡀ⏕࠿ࡉࢀࡿ㐣⛬ࠖ,
ࠗ⌧௦ᩍ⫱⛉Ꮫ࠘, ➨ 37 ᕳ, 60-62 㡫.
㏿Ỉᩄᙪ࣭⏣⏿ ἞࣭ྜྷ⏣ಇ࿴: 1996, ࠕ⥲ྜே㛫⛉
ࡢᐇ㊶࡟ࡼࡿᏛ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢኚ໬ࠖ, ࠗྡྂᒇ኱Ꮫ
ᩍ⫱Ꮫ㒊⣖せ㸦ᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ⛉㸧
࠘, Vol.43, pp.23-35.
ᮏ㒓୍ኵ࣭㔠㇂ிᏊ: 2011, ࠗ⮫ᗋⓎ㐩ᚰ⌮Ꮫࡢᇶ♏࠘,
࣑ࢿࣦࣝ࢓᭩ᡣ, ி㒔.
Johnson, D.W., & Ahlgren, A: 1976, “Relationship
between student attitudes about cooperation
and competition and attitudes toward schooling”,
Journal of Educational Psychology, Vol 68, pp.
92-102.
154
ᇉⰼ┿୍㑻: 2014, ࠕᏛ⩦᪉ἲࠖ, ୗᒣᬕᙪ (⦅), ࠗㄔ
ಙᚰ⌮Ꮫ㎡඾㸦᪂∧㸧
࠘, ㄔಙ᭩ᡣ, ᮾி, 228-230
㡫.
㯮⏣♸஧࣭ᱜ஭ⱱ⏨: 2003, ࠕ୰Ꮫ⏕ࡢ཭ே㛵ಀሙ㠃
࡟࠾ࡅࡿ┠ᶆᚿྥᛶ࡜ᢚ࠺ࡘ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࡟௓ᅾࡍࡿ
࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒㸸ࢹ࢕ࢫࢺࣞࢫ/࣮ࣘࢫࢺࣞࢫ⏕ᡂࣔࢹ
ࣝࡢ᳨ウࠖ, ࠗᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲࠘, ➨ 51 ᕳ, 86-95
㡫.
⏫ ᓅ࣭୰㇂⣲அ: 2014, ࠕ⟬ᩘࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦࡟࠾ࡅ
ࡿ┦஫ᩍᤵἲࡢ௓ධຠᯝ࡜ࡑࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ: ྥ♫఍
ⓗ┠ᶆ࡜ࡢ஺஫స⏝ࡢ᳨ウࠖ, ࠗᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲࠘,
➨ 62 ᕳ, 322-335 㡫.
㛗ᓮ ໅࣭ྂ⃝㉈㞝࣭⸨⏣⥅㐨㸦⦅ⴭ㸧: 2002, ࠗ⮫
ᗋⓎ㐩ᚰ⌮Ꮫᴫㄽ: Ⓨ㐩ᨭ᥼ࡢ⌮ㄽ࡜ᐇ㝿࠘, ࣑ࢿ
ࣦࣝ࢓᭩ᡣ, ி㒔.
୰㇂⣲அ: 1996, ࠕඣ❺ࡢ♫఍ⓗ㈐௵┠ᶆࡀᏛᴗ㐩ᡂ
࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍࣉࣟࢭࢫࠖ, ࠗᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲࠘, ➨
44 ᕳ, 389-399 㡫.
㔝ᮧுኴ࣭୸㔝ಇ୍: 2014, ࠕᤵᴗࢆ༠ྠⓗάືࡢሙ
࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡿࡓࡵࡢㄆ㆑ⓗಙᛕ: ௬ㄝⓗୡ⏺ほᥐ
ᐃ௬ㄝࡢ᳨ドࠖ, ࠗᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲࠘, ➨ 62 ᕳ,
257-272 㡫.
ᒸ⏣ ᾴ: 2005, ࠕ཭ே㛵ಀ࡬ࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅᑻᗘࡢసᡂ
࠾ࡼࡧጇᙜᛶ࣭ಙ㢗ᛶࡢ᳨ウ: ⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽࡢᯟ⤌
ࡳ࠿ࡽࠖ, ࠗࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕◊✲࠘, ➨ 14 ᕳ,
101ï112 㡫.
ᒸ⏣ ᾴ: 2006, ࠕ⮬ᚊⓗ࡞཭ே㛵ಀ࡬ࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅࡀ
⮬ᕫ㛤♧࠾ࡼࡧ㐺ᛂ࡟ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࠖ, ࠗࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜ
ࢸ࢕◊✲࠘, ➨ 15 ᕳ, 52ï54 㡫.
Okada, R.: 2007, “Motivational analysis of academic help-seeking: Self-determination in adolescents’ friendship”, Psychological Reports, Vol.
100, pp.1000-1012.
ᒸ⏣ ᾴ: 2008, ࠕ཭ே࡜ࡢᏛ⩦άື࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⮬ᚊⓗ
࡞ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢᙺ๭࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࠖ, ࠗᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊
✲࠘, ➨ 56 ᕳ, 14ï22 㡫.
ᑠ㔝⏣ு௓: 2014, ࠕᏛ⩦࡬ࡢ♫఍ᩥ໬ⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟ
ࢳࠖ, ୗᒣᬕᙪ (⦅), ࠗㄔಙᚰ⌮Ꮫ㎡඾㸦᪂∧㸧
࠘,
ㄔಙ᭩ᡣ, ᮾி, 236-238 㡫.
Palincsar, A.S, & Brown, A.L.: 1984, “Reciprocal
teaching of comprehension-fostering and comprehension-monitoring activities”, Cognition
and Instruction, Vol. 1, pp. 117-175.
Ryan, A.M.: 2000, “Peer groups as a context for the
socialization of adolescents’ motivation, engagement, and achievement in school”, Educational Psychologist, Vol. 35, pp. 101–111
Ryan, R.M., & Deci, E.L.: 2000,”Self-determination
theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being”,
American Psychologist, Vol. 55, pp. 68-78.
Santrock, J.W.: 2012, “Educational Psychology (5th
ed. International edition)”, McGraw-Hill, NY.
ሷ⏣ⰾஂ: 1989, ࠗᤵᴗάᛶ໬ࡢࠕࣂࢬᏛ⩦ࠖධ㛛࠘,
᫂἞ᅗ᭩, ᮾி.
ⓑ஭㟹ᩄ: 2011, ࠕ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢ㸦ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ
Ꮫ⩦㸧ࡢ⤒㦂࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃᏛ⩦ࢱ࢖ࣉࠖ, ࠗྡྂᒇዪᏊ
኱Ꮫ⣖せ࠘, ➨ 57 ᕳ, 117-125 㡫.
Slavin, R.E.: 1995, “Cooperative learning: Theory,
research, and practice (2nd ed.)”, Allyn & Bacon,
Boston.
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌
ᮡᮧఙ୍㑻: 2014, ࠕㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢⓎ㐩ࠖ, ୗᒣᬕᙪ
(⦅), ࠗㄔಙᚰ⌮Ꮫ㎡඾㸦᪂∧㸧࠘, ㄔಙ᭩ᡣ, ᮾி,
204-206 㡫.
Wentzel, K.R.:1989, “Adolescent classroom goals,
standards for performance, and academic
achievement: An interactionist perspective”,
Journal of Educational Psychology, Vol 81, pp.
131-142.
155
›⁛⁤⁡⁠⁓‒‿⁓⁦⁓⁡⁥⁚⁛‬‒″⁢⁢⁞⁛⁗⁖‒‾⁛⁠⁙⁧⁛⁥⁦⁛⁕⁥‬‒‷⁘⁘⁗⁕⁦⁛⁨⁗‒‾⁗⁓⁤⁠⁛⁠⁙‒⁂⁗⁖⁓⁙⁡⁙⁛⁕⁓⁞‒⁅⁦⁤⁓⁦⁗⁙⁛⁗⁥‒⁓⁠⁖‒ ‒ ‵⁧⁤⁤⁛⁕⁧⁞⁧ ‒‶⁗⁥⁛⁙⁠‒
‫إ‬ԓ∝᝻૰
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌‒
Applied Linguistics: Effective Learning Pedagogical Strategies and
Curriculum Design -The Cutting Edge of Civic and Citizen Education
Matayoshi, Hirona㸦ཪྜྷᘯ㑣㸧1㸦1㸧
Switzerland is well known for being the founding father of the International Baccalaureate but it is also
well known for the educational mentality of solidarity. We can embrace the power of their solidarity from reading
their motto,͆Unus pro omnibus, omnes pro uno”, can be translated from Latin to English as “One for All, All for One”
(Le News. 2015). Switzerland is also extremely famous for having four national or official languages which repre
sents their respect for diversity. It was because of this motto or mentality they survived World War II. They
demonstrated
Effective Evidence - Based Control and Defense in “warfare” by not allowing any war planes fly over
country. In other words, during World War II they decided they had “no Allies” but “all enemies” so without
their
discrimination
they shot at every plane that flew over their sky including both the German and the United States Air
Forces
(Helmreich, 2000).
The neutrality of Switzerland was assured by an Effective Evidence – Based Strategy of evolutional and
progressive mentality. They found that in a materialistic and capitalistic world, they needed to collect and guard the
world’s finance by establishing the Swiss Bank. They learned that the strongest religion on earth is “money” and
“greed”. They learned that money has a tendency to quench our thirst for greed and banks have become humanity’s
churches to worship the accumulating digits in our bank accounts. They learned that protecting the wealth of the
was the best way to defend their country. In other words, it would be literally insane to go after the Swiss berich
cause
they have the bank accounts as an ultimate “hostage”.
They proved this in World War II and their effective
evidence
based strategy continues today. What is even more unique is that in 2013, Switzerland announced their
next Effective Evidence – Based Strategy in “welfare” instead.
They surprisingly announced, “Switzerland’s Pro-
posal to Pay People for Being Alive” in the “The New York Times”.
The life style of Switzerland triggered other
governments to rethink their education policies under the concept of civics (Lowrey, 2013).
Last year, in November 2014, the United States Department of Education published their new education
policy. The policy title was “Effective Professional Learning Strategies and Their Use in Future Ready Districts”
(Duncan, 2014).
The policy was published to encourage researchers to be effective professionals teaching students
within the realm of civic education. The purpose was to establish educational readiness for educators to use in the
future. This policy was originally established for all the districts and states within the United States but the policy
has now taken a wider turn. The policy now includes countries abroad. The Switzerland’s motto,͆Unus pro omnibus, omnes pro uno”, has influenced UNESCO, the UN, and the EU, especially Oxford University, to adopt this
educational policy (Sylva, Retrieved: July 1, 2015).
The policy discusses about Effective Learning or Evi-
dence-Based Practices that can be used in reflective learning to foster citizen education both locally and internationally.
This paper will discuss about the historical evolution from Civil Education, to Citizen Education, to Active
Learning, and to the Effective Learning Strategies that has just begun, in 2015, which is also known as Evidence-Based Practices. The paper will also discuss about curriculum design and the future endeavors of the language curriculum in Japan.
ääääääääääääääääääääää‒
Keywords‒
ääääääääääääääääääää
Civil and Citizen Education, Effective Learning Strategies, Active Learning, Evidence-Based Practices, Applied Linguistics
‒
‒
․•‣‧ ࠰ ‫ ‫‬உ ‣‧ ଐӖྸ‒
ࣖဇᚕᛖ‫ ‒‬ܖ‬јௐႎ‫ܖ‬፼⊵⋍⊫⊹⋄⊩⋍⋟⊦‒ ⋘⊱⋇⋞⊹⋟૙Ꮛ‫ܖ‬ႎ৆ဦ↗⇑∐⇓∋∏∆ᚨᚘ‟இέᇢ↝ࠊൟ૙Ꮛ↗πൟ૙Ꮛ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒
“‣ ӍӴ‒ ࢀ᢯‒ ‒ ᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖ⇪∞⇈∑∏⇿∐ܖٻ‬ᢿ
156
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌
Introduction㸦2㸧
the best childcare book to read (Barnes, 1998).
Education is like a motherly instinct
He must have believed that education had to be
or a common sense. A mother educates her
progressive.
children to prepare them with all the inequali-
world. Dr. Spock contributed in the develop-
ties of life.
She nurtures her baby with end-
ment of our individuality to teach us to let go of
less love, milk, and never ending poddy train-
our mother’s hand and stand on our two feet to
ing.
establish our citizenship in our communities all
Then, during the same time, the child
He helped mothers all around the
grows at each age or level and the mother
around the world”.
teaches the child with a progressive education
leading educator for International Citizenship
to assure and prepare the child to become a re-
Education.
sponsible citizen of society.
He may have been the
She holds the
The concept of a country and its citi-
child’s hand to lead the child and also comfort
zenship came forth from as early as the ancient
the child so that it may improve, not just the
Greek history.
well-being of the child but to build a social
his controversial views on how to educate the
standing as well to pursue the freedom and
youth.
happiness by becoming self-sufficiently capa-
concept of civic education.
ble or independent.
ucation was too “avant-garde” or new age at
The mother also has great
Socrates was put on trial for
He provided ancient Greece with the
However, his ed-
expectations for her child and she realizes that
the time.
the child must let go of her hand, at one point,
“hemlocked” for polluting the minds of the
to progressively increase their financial stand-
youth.
ing as well as preserving their own welfare as a
ucator, he brought forth the challenge of “free-
nation’s citizen. This motherly instinct is to
dom of speech” in democracy.
make sure that we, as citizens, can live and
for wondering if only Socrates had the capabil-
comfortably contribute with each other without
ity to access the internet, may be his final out-
political conflicts.
A mother hopes that her
come would have been a little bit different.
child will not be a menace to society but con-
However, Socrates was the epitome of what
tribute as a respectable human being who
today’s “active global citizen” is all about.
doesn’t need mommy’s hand anymore.
In the long run, he got himself
Although, he was a revolutionary edWe can’t help
Edu-
cators and governments refer to this pedagogy
as Citizen Education.
Some may say, Dr. Benjamin Spock’s
The Pedagogical Evolution
After centuries have passed us by, we
arrive in the 80’s.
The old floppy disks were
“Baby and Childcare” is outdated but his basic
too big, personal computers were not mobile,
loving philosophy provided us with the legacy
and lap tops were down right heavy. Today, in
of the common sense of empathy and love.
the year 2015, technology has significantly
He made sure that we could embrace each other
changed. We have exchanged our big personal
in diversity and international understanding.
computers with tiny mobile iPads that we can
Until he died in 1998, he continued to make
carry along and use even on the plane. We are
revisions to fit the times, each new edition pro-
constantly connected on-line with our iPhones
vided growth for our individuality and it is still
to eloquently surf the ocean of the World Wide
157
›⁛⁤⁡⁠⁓‒‿⁓⁦⁓⁡⁥⁚⁛‬‒″⁢⁢⁞⁛⁗⁖‒‾⁛⁠⁙⁧⁛⁥⁦⁛⁕⁥‬‒‷⁘⁘⁗⁕⁦⁛⁨⁗‒‾⁗⁓⁤⁠⁛⁠⁙‒⁂⁗⁖⁓⁙⁡⁙⁛⁕⁓⁞‒⁅⁦⁤⁓⁦⁗⁙⁛⁗⁥‒⁓⁠⁖‒ ‒ ‵⁧⁤⁤⁛⁕⁧⁞⁧ ‒‶⁗⁥⁛⁙⁠‒
Web any time we please, of course, as long as
1992 called the Evidence Based Medicine
we have Wi-Fi.
(Guyatt, 1992).
Times have changed, teach-
Well, this policy has now
ing strategies have changed, and learning
resurrected from domestic civic education and
methods have also changed.
revived as an international educational phe-
Today, the policy
has changed, in profound harmonic progression.
nomenon.
At least, that is what some would want us to
the medical community but they didn’t have a
think.
Dr. Spock “childcare” book to go along as a
We have a revised the old Civic and
Citizen Education to what we call, now, the
However, they had the idea from
standardized manual for education.
The whole original purpose was to
Effective Learning Strategy or Evidence-Based
educate the citizens of the United States with
Practices.
appropriate values to accept the responsibilities
Pedagogical Revolution and History
㸦3㸧
of the “adult world”.
The idea was accepted
The United States went through sev-
and adopted today because it reflects upon the
eral wars in history and somehow the concept
international problems that we face with educa-
of civil education froze in time.
tional curricula that are not united as one.
It was around
Today, both domestic and internation-
the Vietnam War that this happened when peoThere were,
al students need to be educated with prob-
way too many, body bags and too many dis-
lem-solving, decision-making, empathy, equal-
traught mothers, trapped in melancholy, for
ity, rationality, loyalty, individuality, integrity,
they had lost their sons.
and the commitment to justice and democracy
ple lost faith in the government.
Parents were sick and
tired of war and they wanted their children safe
as well.
away from the pain.
In 1978, “Citizen Educa-
made, it was also the beginning of globalization
tion” became the new trend (͆The Proceedings
since the policy was centering on educating the
of Citizen Education Conference”, 1978). The
people with concerns with global understanding
trend began through the United States Congress
and multiculturalism.
decision.
strategy is continued today.
They were concerned with a new
At the time, that this policy was
Well, this educational
policy to educate society as an interactive body
The problems we, as humanity, face
to collaborate with each other and to effectively
are that many educational institutions stress
contribute to American democratic society.
their preparation on students passing examina-
As time went by the policy continued to evolve
tions whether than focusing on promoting skills
until, the Department of Education then pub-
for the students to survive in the work place.
lished an outline for a guideline to use Effec-
Students will pass each exam with each level
tive Learning Strategies as a toolkit. The pur-
and they sooner or later graduate then become
pose was to unite educational professionals lo-
unprepared professional citizens.
cally and internationally to develop better cur-
lem is that they have the knowledge but they
ricula for all.
are not ready for the work place for they were
This Effective Learning policy
The prob-
began in 2010 called the Effective Evi-
educated to pass exams.
dence-Based Practices (Means, 2010).
How-
prepared for a closed local mind-set but not an
ever, the concept in itself began way back in
international mind-set to deal with technologi-
The citizens are only
158
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌
cal, political, and financial challenges with ac-
name to “Effective Learning Strategies or Evi-
tive global solutions.
dence-based Practices” in 2014 (Duncan, 2014).
The students were educated to follow
Active Learning is included into the new Effec-
instructions but that produced citizens without
tive Learning Policy of Civic and Citizen Edu-
responsibility and the notion that problems can
cation. Effective Learning Strategies or Evi-
be hidden under the rug became the apathetical
dence-based Practices has just begun in 2015.
norm or standard.
This neglect, in the long
run, caused more problems.
This is because
the problems were collecting like a fur ball,
caught in the cat’s throat.
The only way a cat
The New 2015 Effective Learning Strategies or Evidence-based Practices Curriculum Design㸦4㸧
can resolve a “fur ball problem” is to face the
facts and spit the “wrong” out.
This is what
We first need to define Curriculum
Design.
An original definition of Curriculum
educators and governments discovered and they
Design is that it is the design of the overall ed-
started to move quickly to establish an orga-
ucational academic procedure in itself.
nized civic education for all.
design must fit the goals and objectives of the
The
Citizenship Education has evolved,
government educational policy as well as the
connecting the concept of globalization and
needs of the employees and the future endeav-
multiculturalism.
ors of the students.
Around the 1900s, the edu-
The design must establish
cational policy was named, “Direct Method”
professional citizens motivated by a mission
(Richards, 1992; p. 109).
In the 60’s the edu-
that can lead them to become good citizens and
cational policy changed its name to “Active
flourish in their pursuit of happiness in our
Teaching” (Richards, 1992; p. 5) in the 80’s.
democratic way of life.
Then later into the pre-millennium to the mil-
is kind of like a road map for the future.
lennium it changed to “Active Learning” within
map is not fixed nor should it be overly exag-
the realm of Citizen Education (“What Is Ac-
gerated but flexible enough so we can learn
tive Learning?” 2008).
from our mistakes and revise it to make it better.
A curriculum design
That
Active Learning is not a new concept
The map must have goals and objectives to lead
nor a new educational policy since it all began
our citizens to their personal dreams or out-
since the beginning of time (Corrigan, 2013).
come.
According to the legend of Christianity, Jesus
ers in their personal professional careers to
Christ learned to be a carpenter through helping
answer to their vocations.
his father Joseph by being his apprentice.
the university's reasonable and clear mission,
Apprentices were a form of Active Learning.
vision, and moral value.
Today, in Japan, many universities have just
original curriculum assessment that was based
begun with Active Learning and not quite
upon the United States Department of Educa-
adapting to the complexity of the new United
tion Office of Technology’s, “Professional
States Education policy.
The United States
Learning Strategies Self-Assessment Tool”
State Department then renamed the policy from
(͆Professional Learning Strategies as a Tool”,
“Active Learning” in 2014 and changed the
2014; p 4).
Our students will become future leadThe curriculum is
The following is an
159
›⁛⁤⁡⁠⁓‒‿⁓⁦⁓⁡⁥⁚⁛‬‒″⁢⁢⁞⁛⁗⁖‒‾⁛⁠⁙⁧⁛⁥⁦⁛⁕⁥‬‒‷⁘⁘⁗⁕⁦⁛⁨⁗‒‾⁗⁓⁤⁠⁛⁠⁙‒⁂⁗⁖⁓⁙⁡⁙⁛⁕⁓⁞‒⁅⁦⁤⁓⁦⁗⁙⁛⁗⁥‒⁓⁠⁖‒ ‒ ‵⁧⁤⁤⁛⁕⁧⁞⁧ ‒‶⁗⁥⁛⁙⁠‒
(The top Curriculum Assessment is an original
Curriculum Assessment
㸦5㸧
assessment list made by Hirona Matayoshi.
1. The Curriculum must be Evidence-Based
The list was based upon the United States De-
Learning centering instruction upon active
partment of Education Office of Technology’s,
learning.
“
Professional
Learning
Strategies
2. The curriculum must be planned to be use-
Self-Assessment Tool” published in 2014
ful, be able to review it, every new discov-
(͆Professional Learning Strategies as a Tool”,
ery is the research of the faculty that will
2014; p 4).
assist the progression of the students.
3. The curriculum must have the opportunity
According to the “Evaluation of Evi-
to have an assessment and be freely revised
dence-Based Practices in Online Learning – A
to fit each course.
Meta-Analysis and Review of Online Learning
4. Researchers must be free when applying for
Studies”, there are three categories of
Effec-
grants to assist the university as well as pro-
tive Learning Citizen Education strategy:
vide the students with learning possibilities.
Expository, Active, and Interactive.
5. The curriculum must have an evaluation to
Each
Expository learning strategy is separated
into two categories:㸦6㸧
course must have a progression in a distinct
The new learning strategy consists of
review and revise.
6. The curriculum must be rational.
sequence toward an outcome.
two categories named Synchronous and Asyn-
7. The quality of the curriculum must never
chronous.
Expository Synchronous learning
fall back but be a constant development for
emphasizes on controlled on-line lecture mate-
the future.
rials whereas Expository Asynchronous learn-
8. The curriculum must be diverse.
We live
ing emphasizes on on-line free learning.
This
in a cross-cultural global economy and stu-
method assures the students with guidance
dents must be prepared for not just the do-
while also reflecting upon what they have
mestic community but for the international
learned (Means, 2010; p. 5).
community as well.
9. Each faculty member must be able to freely
Active learning is also separated into
two categories:
Synchronous and Asynchro-
be involved in management for they are the
nous.
experts and they are the guardians of the
sizes on solving problems on the net through
school mission.
interfacing with professionals on-line whereas
10. Assessments must demonstrate the program's possibility or strengths.
11. Assessments must provide revision and reform possibilities.
12. The Curriculum must lead to a higher quality of educational acquisition.
Active Synchronous learning empha-
Active Asynchronous learning emphasizes on
activities with the on-line professional to succeed in understanding activities that are presented to them (Means, 2010; p. 5).
Interactive learning strategy is, again,
separated into two categories:
and Asynchronous.
Synchronous
Interactive Synchronous
160
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌
learning emphasizes on dealing with other students in a lecture-based class while completing
Motivation
an assignment or completing an on-line simula-
Motivation is another problem in ed-
tion project whereas Interactive Asynchronous
ucation.
learning emphasizes on discussions and learn-
with a variety of students with a variety of per-
ing about methods for professional develop-
sonalities and backgrounds.
ment (Means, 2010; p. 5).
initiate group work as a student challenge with
To make the strategy complete we
The teacher must be flexible to deal
Teachers must
new themes every week to prevent the students
need to think how the language can be utilized.
from boredom.
Therefore, language is a tool an individual can
ing that is the alarm bell ringing to wake up the
be equipped with but not everyone can pick up
teacher to make a change in the strategy.
the tool to properly use it.
the preaching and get the students involved.
In the long run,
When a student starts snoozStop
sometimes the language may simply become a
life experience for us to say, "I once studied
The Mission
The mission of the school should
French and German but I failed both of these
never be unreasonable and not exaggerated.
subjects in high school".
When applying the strategies we al-
The mission must have clear reasonable goals
ways have to first consider the fact that all
with a clear outcome for the future.
classes are limited to 90 minutes each for 15
sion must appeal to the students like a motto.
times a semester in Japan.
Each course must
The mission statement is like a university mot-
When designing
to that will be remembered for it will be the
have a planned clear theme.
The mis-
a course it is like imagining a perfect scenario
students’ pride in their “alma mater”.
of how the course will proceed.
motto is the vocation of the university and the
It is very
similar to how teachers make syllabi.
That
same process is designing a curriculum.
We
have to start with the separating of the levels
This
teachers.
The Core Values
from Basic, Intermediate, and Advanced.
The core values of a university are the
Some universities go further with their plan-
values or the morality that leads the students to
ning from Basic, Introductory, Pre-Intermediate,
their personal goals and objectives that will
Intermediate, Upper-Intermediate, Pre-Advanced,
lead the students to their outcome and answer
Advanced, and to Upper-Advanced.
their dreams.
The
The core values must be listed
teacher must not just think about the text but
like the “Ten Commandments” for these values
also consider about authentic materials such as
are what make the foundation of the university.
the newspapers, magazines, and the internet to
These values are like a contract between the
provide the students with “up to date” infor-
school, the student, and the expectations of the
mation.
parents.
The classrooms must be well digital-
ly equipped for the teachers to use a variety of
tools of technology to promote a welcoming
environment for the students to learn.
The School Calendar Including
Academics
161
›⁛⁤⁡⁠⁓‒‿⁓⁦⁓⁡⁥⁚⁛‬‒″⁢⁢⁞⁛⁗⁖‒‾⁛⁠⁙⁧⁛⁥⁦⁛⁕⁥‬‒‷⁘⁘⁗⁕⁦⁛⁨⁗‒‾⁗⁓⁤⁠⁛⁠⁙‒⁂⁗⁖⁓⁙⁡⁙⁛⁕⁓⁞‒⁅⁦⁤⁓⁦⁗⁙⁛⁗⁥‒⁓⁠⁖‒ ‒ ‵⁧⁤⁤⁛⁕⁧⁞⁧ ‒‶⁗⁥⁛⁙⁠‒
Academic Information should be set
A good strategy would be to have the students
without sudden changes. The students need to
use all of their sensory senses to understand the
balance their academic life with their private
issue that is discussed in class such as using
life.
Many students work part-time and they
their sight, smell, taste, touch, hearing, and in-
need the flexibility to wisely schedule their
cluding their sense to make predictions.
time.
Teachers usually use digital tools such as slides,
DVDs, videos, and the internet to teach stu-
Recreation Events: Contests & dents in a familiar setting. Teachers also ask for
University Festivals
responses and challenge the students’ way of
Contests and festivals are very im-
thinking through questioning or another style
portant for they are not just a motivation insti-
called the “Socratic Method” that is used in a
gator but they promote competition amongst
variety of universities in the United States.
the students.
The important factor is that stu-
dents must feel comfortable.
Teachers must
Evidence - Based Teaching Strategies
make sure that they are somehow teaching and
The most important issue for students
assisting the students with the knowledge to
to be able to learn is to provide the students
compete so that they can compete with each
with first-hand experience through research,
other for some sort of dream for example, a
discussions, and debates.
prize.
participate and practice to be able to acquire the
That prize is connected to motivation.
Students need to
knowledge that they are aiming for.
Teaching Styles
In the
end, the whole purpose of a course is to find the
Teaching styles are different with each class
joy in the effort of the learning process.
and there is no fixed style that can be tailored
Therefore, a short or long study abroad pro-
for “all” but a collection of styles should shift
gram, international or domestic internships
within a classroom to continue the student mo-
(government and private sector), and domestic
tivation.
cultural volunteer work would provide the students with the apprentice experience which is
Lecture
the basis of Evidence – Based Teaching StrateLecture style is needed at times as a
gies.
direct approach but not used to bore the students to death.
The lecture style should be
Feedback
used to instigate an issue, like an introduction,
Feedback is one of the most important
where the teacher provides the information to
strategies to measure the student’s ability in
the students but also allow the students to elab-
acquiring what they have learned in the course.
orate over the issue that is discussed in class.
Some teachers prefer tests, quizzes, presentations, and report papers at the end of the se-
Active-Learning
mester.
Some teachers provide the students
Active-learning consists of an active
with quick assurance that everything is going
approach of having the students lead the class.
well while other teachers prefer keeping the
162
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌
information as a form of suspense to prevent
students must be able to find the joy in the
the students from being unmotivated.
process of learning.
Some
Some teachers make
teachers like to motivate their students with a
suggestions such as free learning sites on the
question to ask how the students feel about
internet or suggesting books to read for a
their own work so that the student can evaluate
life-time learning strategy to gain knowledge
their own progress.
for a life time.
In any case, the teachers
The reason why the traditional curric-
care and hope that the students can understand
ula needed to be changed to fit civic and citi-
with a mutual understanding.
zenship education is that the learning materials,
Learning Environment
such as using just textbooks, only contained a
The learning environment is very
one-sided view of the world.
The students,
Digital tools such as computers,
today, need a wider spectrum of intelligence to
slides, overhead projectors, video & DVD
embrace ethical decisions when faced with fear
players, CD players, television, and the internet
and resentment on the internet and within life.
must be a part of the facility or furnished
Fear and resentment can trigger violence.
“within” the classroom for the teachers to
Then violence can trigger crime.
freely use.
nately, the internet contains too much violence
important.
Mobility in the classroom is an-
Unfortu-
other issue because some classes have the seat
within the concept of freedom of speech.
bolted into the classroom floor and those are
ucators and governments have found that the
for the Lecture Style but not for Active Learn-
youth need to know that violence is not a solu-
ing style.
tion nor is it a resolution.
It is also not for Evidence - Based
Ed-
Seats and desks
Teachers also need to transform and
must be mobile in every possible way to pro-
expand their student’s views to see the interna-
mote a comfortable and free atmosphere in the
tional community as part of their local world.
classroom for the teacher to make demonstra-
To do this, teaching materials and resources
tions so that the students can actively learn.
must have an endless variety, in content, and a
Teaching Strategies either.
vast connection with all the communities of the
After School Learning (Homework &
Adding To The Inquiring Mind)
Students will always come up and ask
world.
The Concept of Education in the 21st Cen-
thing but they simply want to get more ideas of
tury: Global Diversity (Roekel, 2015)㸦 㸧
We have to rethink about the concept
how the teacher learned themselves.
of education.
teachers about wanting to learn about someTeachers
7
Education is not just passing
should provide other activities that motivate the
exams.
students to continue their learning. A study
students with multicultural ethics so that the
session, will initiate a place for the students to
students could be enlightened to envision
learn and do research while providing the stu-
themselves as global citizens as we need to
dents with another opportunity of learning
share “the mother earth” we live upon.
without grades or barriers of the teacher.
face it, she’s everybody’s mom and we are at
The
As educators, we need to prepare the
Let’s
163
›⁛⁤⁡⁠⁓‒‿⁓⁦⁓⁡⁥⁚⁛‬‒″⁢⁢⁞⁛⁗⁖‒‾⁛⁠⁙⁧⁛⁥⁦⁛⁕⁥‬‒‷⁘⁘⁗⁕⁦⁛⁨⁗‒‾⁗⁓⁤⁠⁛⁠⁙‒⁂⁗⁖⁓⁙⁡⁙⁛⁕⁓⁞‒⁅⁦⁤⁓⁦⁗⁙⁛⁗⁥‒⁓⁠⁖‒ ‒ ‵⁧⁤⁤⁛⁕⁧⁞⁧ ‒‶⁗⁥⁛⁙⁠‒
her natural beckoning.
In a way, it is like
needs must be met.
Each student is a USB of
Marvin Gaye’s question that was pointed out in
knowledge.
his song called “Mercy Mercy Me (The Ecolo-
able to professionally strive to become active
gy) where he sings “What’s going on?”
citizens to assist and participate in their own
Teachers will be needing assistance
They need to be informed and be
local community as well as participating as ac-
and training to manipulate on-line learning
tive global citizens.
strategies so the teachers will be comfortable
able to share with other USBs all over the
with the materials and resources.
world.
As teachers
we must understand that the students are al-
ture.
As USBs they will be
In a way, they are the “key” to the fuThey are the “hope” in Pandora’s Box.
The television was once the
For example, Citizenship Education
student “babysitter” for busy moms but, today,
will then assure indigenous cultures to interna-
the babysitter is the internet.
This means we
tionally provide knowledge so that the interna-
have a vast interactional multimedia ability to
tional community can provide a resolution to
combine with the world on the internet.
the problems that several cultures may be expe-
Communities have a common good and the
riencing.
students must able to discuss, investigate, rec-
societies, appropriately making an assessment
ognize, and internationally work with each oth-
so that the students, at the same time, can un-
er to find a “way” to prevent and resolve prob-
derstand, inquire, and research to find the
lems.
common good. Just as much there is a common
ready on-line.
The students need to know the rules of
The point is to explore realities of
society or the politics that surrounds and pro-
bad there is a common good.
The point is to
tects us through legal rights.
The students
find that “common agreement” to resolve each
need to be able to take the responsibility and
challenge as a civic skill to understand the ne-
just reach out with “accessing each other”
cessity to accept global issues as an active
while surfing the waves of the Web.
global citizen with empathy and not apathy.
The United Nations also supports this
policy to prevent violations of human rights in
What are civic skills?
promoting youthful progress and prosperity, in
An original definition of Civic skills
ethical decision-making and prevention of vio-
is the concept of critical-thinking skills.
lence, under a united global value.
In a way,
ical-thinking skills consists of a variety of skills
Citizenship Education is a tool to prevent apa-
such as identifying an issue, describing it, ex-
thetical terrorism to spread the universal empa-
plaining it, analyzing it, discussing the process
thy of diversity (“Priority #3”, 2006).
to reach an outcome that will resolve the prob-
Citizenship Education must be seen as
lem.
Crit-
An example of critical-thinking skills
a “de facto education” that will not just instruct
would be the understanding of how democracy
students with textbooks but also other materials
is represented in legal issues such as court cas-
or resources that will promote active civic
es and how government agencies help the pop-
training to enable linking the local with the in-
ulation in need.
ternational communities.
vice is a good example of civic skills.
To do this the stu-
dents become a necessary element and their
Moreover, community serCom-
munity skills can be acquired by students vol-
164
unteering
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌
to
work
with
NGOs,
NPOs,
15. Analyzing the data for decision-making.
non-governmental organizations, and partici-
16. Using the research data for a final report.
pating in internships to promote active citizen-
17. The student has achieved in writing a high
standard thesis.
ship which is also a civic skill.
In order for “Evidence-Based Professional
Learning” to actually work, we need to list the
following necessary strategies.
The following
is a list of original Evidence-Based Professional Learning Strategies based upon “The Aus-
18. The student is well rated in their achievements.
19. The student is actively eager to continue
community work.
20. The student achieves leadership.
tralian Society For Evidence Based Teaching
Strategies for Those Who Care About Student
Results”
The list above was an original list of strategies written by Hirona Matayoshi and based
(Killian, 2015) :
upon “The Australian Society For Evidence
1. Universities need to coincide with the local
governmental
and
national
education
policy.
Based Teaching- Top 10 Evidence Based
Teaching Strategies for Those Who Care About
Student Results”.
2. Class content goals need to be met.
3. Need to be up to date in content
knowledge.
4. Professor uses progressive Effective Evidence-Based practices.
5. Professor uses efficient time to achieve
class content and goals.
6. Instruction must contain active-learning by
the students.
7. Students, in groups, must cooperate in collaborative discussion.
The following are original positive empathetic
keystone terms to give us a clear overview:
1. Local Environment learning
2. Comfortable Learning environment
3. Policy Application
4. Motivating Leadership
5. Community Service Volunteer
6. Resources, Data, and Documentation
7. Achievement in norms & values
8. International Citizenship Awareness
8. Students must learn from collaborating
with others, such as utilizing internships.
The following are edited original negative apa-
9. Face-to-face and on-line collaborations to
thetic keystone terms that may have been used
find out what they have learned.
10. A continuation of a long-time project like
in the 1940s during the Nazi Regime in Germany (Parker, 2014; p. 3):
volunteer work.
11. Projects should be within the school year.
1. Authoritarianism
12. Getting feedback through analysis and re-
2. Militarism
flecting.
13. Getting new and professional input from a
variety of students, including teachers.
14. Collecting and evaluating data.
3. Totalitarianism
4. Hegemony
5. Racism
(Parker, 2014, p. 3)
›⁛⁤⁡⁠⁓‒‿⁓⁦⁓⁡⁥⁚⁛‬‒″⁢⁢⁞⁛⁗⁖‒‾⁛⁠⁙⁧⁛⁥⁦⁛⁕⁥‬‒‷⁘⁘⁗⁕⁦⁛⁨⁗‒‾⁗⁓⁤⁠⁛⁠⁙‒⁂⁗⁖⁓⁙⁡⁙⁛⁕⁓⁞‒⁅⁦⁤⁓⁦⁗⁙⁛⁗⁥‒⁓⁠⁖‒ ‒ ‵⁧⁤⁤⁛⁕⁧⁞⁧ ‒‶⁗⁥⁛⁙⁠‒
Hopefully, by comparing the two pos-
165
one is left behind.
itive and negative keystone lists, you may see
The desegregation made sure that all
how important standardized citizen education
Americans whether they were Caucasian or
and development can be.
The concept of Cit-
African American were given an equal oppor-
izen Education is to protect the global demo-
tunity to have a fact-to-face learning atmos-
cratic way of life to prevent the victimization of
phere established to be reinforced for the
propaganda, in other words, wrong education.
common good.
Reverend Martin Luther King
Jr.’s movement and support for the promotion
The History of the African American
Struggle in Civic and Citizen Education㸦8㸧
President John F. Kennedy once said,
“It ought to be possible, for American students
of any color to attend any public institution
of equality, liberty, and fraternity to bus the African Americans into Caucasian schools was
the demand of a common good in the American
Educational policy so that the African Americans were no longer apathetically neglected.
they select without having to be backed up by
troops.”
This was a movement of “Unus pro omnibus,
omnes pro uno” which can be translated from
(“10 Best quotes by John Kennedy”, 2013)
Latin to English as “One for All, All for One.”
However, that was back in history
The American Civic Education policy
took a lot of effort to establish a foundation for
a solution to have a racial balance in schools so
that no child would be left behind.
That solu-
tion was the “Boston Busing Desegregation”
policy (Irons, 2015). It was a positive and
powerful policy to make sure that “No Student
Was Left Behind”.
Racism had an apathetic
way to “not” allow certain students to attend
school.
Therefore, the Civic Education made
sure the African American students were bused
to school and placed into school with troops.
Civic Education knew that sometimes the only
way to fight against discrimination and apathy
was to have empathy to force the apathy down
the throats of racism itself.
It is kind of like
the “fur ball in the cat’s throat” analogy but
reversed. In other words, the officials segregated the racists and forced equality down their
throats.
The policy became an educational
legacy of equality at its best and that is what
global citizenship education is all about.
No
when we had “superheroes”.
Even today
there are racial conflicts that need to be educationally solved.
Unfortunately, in 2015, we
have found the grim reality that not all policies
can be perfect and we need revisions while we
will continue to widely educate liberty, fraternity, and equality.
Just recently on the news, on June 22,
2015, a Caucasian man named Dylann Storm
Roof (21years-old) shot and killed nine African Americans in “The Emanuel African
Methodist Episcopal Church” in Charleston,
South Carolina (“Charleston Bans Protests at
Funerals of Church Shooting Victims”, 2015).
The shooting took place because of a failure of
Civic and Citizen Education.
Even today, the
United States is still dealing with civil rights
issues that have still not yet been completely
resolved. The suspect was a student who fell
between the cracks.
He was a high school
dropout and without a job (“Dylann Roof: the
cold stare of a killer with a history of drug
166
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌
abuse and racism”, 2015).
He was known by
Headquarters (GHQ) set the policy for Citi-
his friends, for his racial jokes and became de-
zenship Education in Japan (Ikeno, 2005).
lusional
Ironically speaking, the system was just like the
through
the
bad
influence
of
self-education by reading radical racial su-
Citizenship Education system that the United
premacist views on an extremist homepage
States used after the Vietnam War which was
(Sandoval & Rosenberg, 2015).
previously discussed.
The shift was from Experienced
The Apathetical Pedagogical Violence
Based Education, during the war to an Abil-
To get an insight of how bad it still is.
ity-Oriented Education.
The shift was to
According to The Washington Post, hate groups
acknowledge Japan as a whole country or na-
are concentrated in the southern part of the
tion to make sure that democracy was imbed-
United States.
Why do hate crimes happen?
ded in the minds of the people (Ikeno, 2005).
It seems that supremacists breed themselves, it
The good thing about this system is that it did
is not necessarily because of low economic
quite well.
standards, but because of a lack of civic and
ment with tiny problems in our society and our
citizen education.
Ministry of Education made sure we could
As for who are the victims,
they are the minorities of the majorities.
Ac-
We’ve got a good safe environ-
make a living in the cities and neon lights so
cording to “The Washington Post”, African
we can shop till we drop.
Americans experience the most of the hate
democracy is materialism and capitalism which
crimes.
made this country, Japan, great.
According to the Federal Bureau of
The epitome of
The only
Investigation (FBI) in 2012, out of every one
problem was the original Citizenship Education
million African Americans 50 have become
somehow or another shifted toward Moral Ed-
victims to a hate crime (Ingraham, 2015).
ucation.
The statistics are scary but they do
ship education is very important and that, at
Moral Education
͆Religion is like a pair of shoes ... Find one
times, the education needs to be revised to
that fits for you, but don't make me wear your
make sure the minds of the young are not, in
shoes.”
shine upon the reality of why civic and citizen-
any way, negatively influenced like the de-
George Carlin (Carlin, 2015)
ranged Dylann Storm Roof.
We have now learned the history and
People usually do not want to be
the evolution from Civic and Citizen Education
preached when it comes to morals.
that evolved into Active Learning Education,
lem with Moral Education is that “no one” can
and reformed into to today's Effective Learning
be a “genuine” example of a “true moral indi-
Strategic Education.
vidual” and it is very hard to set a standard
when it comes to morals.
The prob-
Another point is
Japan’s Future Shift in the National
Education Policy㸦9㸧
that according to the Japanese Constitution Ar-
After World War II, the United States General
“state” and the concept of “morals” has a very
ticle 20, religion has to be separated from the
167
›⁛⁤⁡⁠⁓‒‿⁓⁦⁓⁡⁥⁚⁛‬‒″⁢⁢⁞⁛⁗⁖‒‾⁛⁠⁙⁧⁛⁥⁦⁛⁕⁥‬‒‷⁘⁘⁗⁕⁦⁛⁨⁗‒‾⁗⁓⁤⁠⁛⁠⁙‒⁂⁗⁖⁓⁙⁡⁙⁛⁕⁓⁞‒⁅⁦⁤⁓⁦⁗⁙⁛⁗⁥‒⁓⁠⁖‒ ‒ ‵⁧⁤⁤⁛⁕⁧⁞⁧ ‒‶⁗⁥⁛⁙⁠‒
religious connotation connected to it which can
1. Clarified goals
be problematic to people who believe in the
2. Show and Sharing information
Freedom of Religion that is guaranteed in the
3. Questioning to see if the student under-
Constitution (Takeshita, p. 18). In other words,
stood
to provide you with a good analogy, it’s kind of
4. Use graphics to visualize
like when a strange person comes up knocking
5. Practice and Feedback
on your door and, out of the blue, starts
6. Time flexibility
preaching to be the “standard moral of society”
7. Group work
and your immediate response is to politely
8. Problem and content solving
smile, but abruptly shut the door in the person’s
9. Making connections
face.
Well, that’s the reality about morality,
(Killian, 2015)
“no one is moral” and “no one can claim morality”.
Sometimes, morality can be really
The funding of universities is another
tediously annoyingly outdated and people usu-
problem, in Japan.
ally don’t want to hear preachers on their high
of technology therefore are unable to acquire
pedestals.
the supplies for a complete effective approach.
The point of Citizenship Education is
Some schools have a lack
In the United States,
the Bill Gates Founda-
not morality pushed into your face but the ac-
tion is helping schools from a variety of back-
ceptance in diversity.
However thankfully, the
grounds to bring them the equality of competi-
old moral trend evolved, and Japan's Ministry
tion by providing them funding to furnish the
of Education is promoting Active Learning
schools with up to date equipment (Bill &
which does have a certain amount of diversity
Melinda Gates Foundation, 2015).
in consideration.
Recently, the Japan’s Minis-
try of Education did announce that private
English Education in Japan㸦10㸧
schools could consider religion as a moral
In Japan, a curriculum revolution is on its way.
standard as long as religion is a separated as a
The Japanese Ministry of Education just started
course that can be chosen which very much
with a new policy called “Global 30” to pro-
represents freedom of choice and freedom of
vide a network among universities to unite and
religion (The Ministry of Education, Culture,
establish courses that are taught only in English
Sports, and Technology-Japan.
͆
ࠕ௒ᚋࡢ㐨
(The Ministry of Education, “Global 30”, 2015).
ᚨᩍ⫱ࡢᨵၿ࣭඘ᐇ᪉⟇࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸦ሗ࿌㸧
They have just begun a genuine concept of “No
㹼᪂ࡋ࠸᫬௦ࢆࠊே࡜ࡋ࡚ࡼࡾⰋࡃ⏕ࡁࡿ
Child Left Behind For Active Global Citizen-
ຊࢆ⫱࡚ࡿࡓࡵ࡟㹼ࠖ", 2013).
ship” (Levine & Warren, 2015. Including the
The irony is
that the United States has already moved on to
another civil policy which is a more effective
international approach.
U.S. Department of Education, 2015).
The reason the Ministry of Education
quickly maneuvered its new policy was because of an embarrassing news article that
What is Evidence-Based Teaching Strategies?
stated that the high school teachers couldn’t get
more than 550 on their TOEFL (PBT) score
168
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌
(Motoyama ᮏᒣ, 2013)
The irony is that the
bother to teach reading or writing.
The reality
article was written in 2013 and yet even today,
is that the high school teachers have given up
the students, in Japan, are still not educationally
and are neglecting to do their job.
equipped with the ability of the English Lan-
is that these high school teachers should not
guage.
even get a license, in the first place, if they
The reality
can’t achieve a 550 on their TOEFL score. The
How did this happen? What’s Going
problem is that this has to do with the prejudice
On?
and stereotypes.
The prejudice and stereo-
Many of the high schools, in Japan,
typing is done by commercialization strategies
were not educating the students according to
like the analogy of the “moral standard preach-
the Japan's Ministry of Education policy.
er”.
Therefore, many students who couldn’t get into
propaganda annoys the teachers themselves
the prestigious universities in Japan end up in
because it is very discriminatory and unfair.
non-prestigious
The
Many English conversation schools spend time
non-prestigious universities are stuck with ac-
with falsifying advertisements like using the
cepting students from correspondence (distant
term “native-speakers” like an “old moral
education) schools.
The non-prestigious uni-
standard” which neglects their own students
versities are then faced with, the reality, that
and the citizens of Japan in their future en-
they have to teach students who are often illit-
deavors as English speakers.
erate in English.
There seems to be a barrier
standards are outdated and they are often a
between good high schools and not so good
contradiction that angers people and educators
high schools (correspondence education).
who care about their students.
universities.
The
Of course, this commercialization or
Old moral
Instead of al-
good high school graduates go on to prestigious
ienating with the so-called myth of “na-
universities and are linguistically well educated.
tive-speakers” it would rather be more produc-
Whereas, the “not so prestigious” high schools
tive to embrace the diversity which educators
are centering their education to pass exams but
should do.
they are neglecting to teach the students Eng-
is made by this form of false advertisement of
lish.
neglect.
The reason is simply that the high school
teachers
have
a
tendency
to
use
“na-
It is very unfair and this prejudice
The concept of “native-speakers” is a
clear myth.
English belongs to the world and
tive-speakers” as an excuse for not teaching the
English should not be a tool of discrimination
students in English (Motoyama, 2013).
and prejudice in the classroom but a tool for
In Japan, “native-speakers” are used
as kind of like the “baby-sitter” analogy that
was discussed above.
The Japanese teachers
Global Citizenship.
The reality is that the high schools or
the correspondence education teachers are go-
struggle with an inferiority complex in their
ing to have to quickly learn to survive.
The
pronunciation and English capabilities. There-
coming of age in Japan will change to 18
fore, the teachers feel uncertain when teaching
years-old next year (“The Education Newspa-
English conversation and end up teaching
per”, 2015). When this happens all high schools
grammar instead. Some of them do not even
in Japan will be responsible for their students’
169
›⁛⁤⁡⁠⁓‒‿⁓⁦⁓⁡⁥⁚⁛‬‒″⁢⁢⁞⁛⁗⁖‒‾⁛⁠⁙⁧⁛⁥⁦⁛⁕⁥‬‒‷⁘⁘⁗⁕⁦⁛⁨⁗‒‾⁗⁓⁤⁠⁛⁠⁙‒⁂⁗⁖⁓⁙⁡⁙⁛⁕⁓⁞‒⁅⁦⁤⁓⁦⁗⁙⁛⁗⁥‒⁓⁠⁖‒ ‒ ‵⁧⁤⁤⁛⁕⁧⁞⁧ ‒‶⁗⁥⁛⁙⁠‒
education.
The non-prestigious universities
cab in the United States, you’ll be lucky if the
have been ridiculed and labeled “F Rank” uni-
cab driver speaks English.
versities because their students were not well
thing is that, somehow or another, you will al-
educated in the high schools.
ways arrive at your destination.
They will also
The real funny
That’s the
have to stop making excuses to neglect teach-
reality of communication.
ing the students who are physically and men-
diverse.
tally challenged.
Therefore, let’s not leave anyone behind.
The author was surprised to
Communication is
Humanity will always find a way.
read the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports,
Recently, according to the Asahi Digital
Science, and Technology Japan article named,
News, the Ministry of Education announced on
ࠕ➨ 3 ❶ ㏻ಙไ㧗ᰯ࡟Ꮫࡪ⏕ᚐࡢ⌧≧࡜
August 6, 2015, in commemoration of Hiro-
ㄢ㢟ࠖ(Retrieved, 2015).
The article was full
shima Peace Memorial Day, that they will con-
of excuses and didn’t even talk about the con-
sider introducing Civic Education in the high
tent of the curriculum.
schools.
However, thankfully,
The Civic curriculum will consist of
the ministry does acknowledge the problems
three courses.
with the correspondence schools.
Society,
In a way,
The three courses are Modern
Ethics,
and
Political
Economy.
maybe, these students need to be “bused” into
Within Modern Society, the students will learn
their original full-time schools in equality.
about World History, Japanese History, and
The high schools will sooner or later, in the
Geography.
near future, have to be “aware” that they will
dents will be expected to learn about their iden-
be labeled and listed on the internet as well.
tity while in the Political Economics courses
All the universities know which high school
the students will be provided with the
has a lack of determination.
knowledge of consumer labor, and sovereignty
We can easily
Within Japanese History, the stu-
make a list and checking it twice because we
as well.
will find out who is naughty and nice.
dents can develop as an independent work force
Hopefully, in the future, the new Effective Strategies such as Evidence-Based
The purpose is to make sure the stu-
in the future ( ᪂⛉┠ࠕබඹࠖࠊ⮬Ẹᥦゝ࡟ἢ
࠺ ᩍ⫱⌧ሙ࡟ࡣᠱᛕࡶ, Retrieved: 2015).
Practice will promote the concept of “World
English” and dissolve the inferiority complex
Kaichi International University㸦11㸧
of the Japanese English teachers to bring forth
Our university is thankfully going
a sense of global diversity so that “all of us”
through an educational change.
can realize that “no one” is a “native” English
curriculum, keeping in mind, that some of the
speaker because “everyone” is an English
university students needed to be tested for
speaker.
English belongs to “everyone” who
placement in different leveled English courses.
speaks it.
This goes right back to the “One for
We separated the levels into Beginners, Inter-
All, All for One” analogy.
We edited the
mediate, and Advanced Levels.
English is an equal opportunity.
The four
No
skills (Speaking, Listening, Reading, and Writ-
“one” should be neglected and teachers
ing) were also separated the levels which is
shouldn’t depend so much on a mythical “ex-
equivalent to that of the best universities in Ja-
cuse” called “Native-speaker”.
pan.
If you catch a
We made the placement test to test the
170
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌
student's level of English proficiency and sepa-
They can have simple conversations.
rated them according to their levels but the
may not be great but they learned and that
problem was deeper.
means everything.
The test didn't test the
They
Therefore, we went right back
We are continuing the struggle to
to the drawing board to add another section to
have the students catch up with the best effort
test to be able to evaluate writing skills with an
possible but I'm sure we will prevail.
writing skills.
essay.
Once we tested whether they could
Conclusion
read or write we also found that there was the
factor of chance.
As you may see, nothing has really
Yes, out of four choices,
changed, in the education policies, but the “cut-
some of the students were gifted with the for-
ting-edge” of Civic and Citizen Education has
͆25% lucky chance of the power of
become a clear mission for all educators around
tunate
guessing".
Some of the students were guess-
the world.
We as educators have the history
ing the correct answers which led to the student
of all the techniques that are old and new.
misplacement.
Luckily, the essay question we
Sometimes, we have to stop the preaching and
used to test writing skills, pretty much, cleared
learn to embrace diversity so we can learn from
the problem.
each other in global governance.
However, we still have to check
However for
the essays one by one to judge the placement
educational policies to work, governments who
for each of the students.
make the policies, must make checks & bal-
reading.
Some of the students have problems
ances to see whether “all” high schools are liv-
This is the unfortunate reality and
ing up to the policy standards to fit public af-
evidence that the correspondence high schools
fairs.
are not following the Ministry of Education's
we need the back up from all of the high
policy and standards.
schools.
Hopefully, in the future,
The universities are doing their best but
The whole point of any educational
the Ministry would find a way to check if all
policy is to make sure not one student is left
the high schools are putting a “real” effort not
behind in apathy.
to leave any student behind.
must lead to another level to accomplish high
Therefore, if Ac-
Each level in the curriculum
tive Learning is a necessary norm or civil poli-
standards in education and citizenship.
To do
cy then the high schools must be pushed to fol-
so, we need to give the students an equal op-
low as “One for All, All for One” as well.
portunity at our best.
We started Active Learning last year.
Today, with the cooperation of all the English
teachers, the students are continuing to catch up
in all four skills of English.
“Unus pro omnibus, omens pro uno”
“All for One, One for All”.
We are very
grateful for these English teachers who assisted
Notes
our students and for not giving up but continu-
(1) The author, Hirona Matayoshi 㸦ཪྜྷᘯ㑣㸧,
has done extensive research on the Ryukyuan
Kingdom Curriculum that was published in The
Journal of Rikkyo University Language Center
in 2005. The title of the article was “Societal
ing in their effort and diligence to provide the
students with the equal opportunity.
Our sec-
ond year students can read and write in English.
›⁛⁤⁡⁠⁓‒‿⁓⁦⁓⁡⁥⁚⁛‬‒″⁢⁢⁞⁛⁗⁖‒‾⁛⁠⁙⁧⁛⁥⁦⁛⁕⁥‬‒‷⁘⁘⁗⁕⁦⁛⁨⁗‒‾⁗⁓⁤⁠⁛⁠⁙‒⁂⁗⁖⁓⁙⁡⁙⁛⁕⁓⁞‒⁅⁦⁤⁓⁦⁗⁙⁛⁗⁥‒⁓⁠⁖‒ ‒ ‵⁧⁤⁤⁛⁕⁧⁞⁧ ‒‶⁗⁥⁛⁙⁠‒
Bilingualism – A Historical Linguistical Curricular Contribution” pp. 55-65. The author
also coined the term “Linguistical” in the article
by publishing it. The research is based upon
old records of the bilingual education that took
place during the Ryukyu Kingdom. The education system educated both the wealthy and
the poor in equality. In a way, we may see it
might have been at least one of beginnings of
civic education.
(2) Based upon the book written by Dr. Benjamin
Spock called, “Baby and Childcare”. Dr.
Spock’s book was a household manual for civic
education all over the world back in the 60s and
70s. The author’s parents had the original
English version in the bookcase. Later in life,
while reading the book, the author found her
parent’s notes verifying that they used the
manual to educate her through Dr. Spock’s curriculum.
(3) Based upon the author’s research in curriculum
planning scheme and adapting it into the new
curriculum being introduced in this article.
(4) Curriculum development is very difficult. The
whole purpose is to be able to plan ahead and to
see the whole process with a clear vision of the
future.
(5)
As the reader can see in the article, planning a
curriculum is like a flow chart of things and
goals that need to be met. Therefore, depending upon one strategy is not a good idea. Personalities vary and so do students. Therefore,
the old Active-Learning was good for promoting participation and motivation but not necessarily educationally informative. Depending
upon the subject being learned, students need to
be lectured sometimes. Education is not just
fun and games it has to be reinforced.
(6) Effective Learning Strategies, on the other hand,
uses all of the educator experience to guide the
students to be good citizens in our communities.
The strategy itself must adapt to all students to
provide them with an equal opportunity.
(7) Civic Education is a necessary norm in all soci-
171
eties.
Effective Learning Strategies (Evidence-based Practices) will provide the students
in the survival skills by learning about being a
member and a powerful voice within a community. This is what Global Citizenship is about.
(8) If an educational system is unfair then problems
arise. This is why Global Citizenship Education within Effective Learning Strategies is
necessary. The Evidence-based Practices are
an answer to mutual communication through a
global understanding that we share this mother
earth to prevent conflict.
(9) Japan has just started with the promotion of
Active-Learning.
However, we need to
quickly adjust to the new movement as a journey. Many of the prestigious universities are
participating in the “Global 30” policy where
all of their classes are done in English to promote Global Citizenship. In the future, the
author is very eagerly waiting for all schools to
have a form of real bilingual education where
we as citizens of the world would be able to establish a bridge without barriers to establish
mutual cross-cultural understanding.
(10) However, there are problems that need to be
faced with. In television commercials and
posters on the train, we are constantly bombarded with advertisements about learning from
native-speakers and how we should yearn to
become native-speakers. In a way, this advertisement propaganda is very much false. The
students are not yearning to become foreign nationals. They look up to Japanese nationals
who have an equal stance with the global
community. Majority of the students simply
want to learn because they have an image of
themselves becoming bilingual. They want to
keep their identity and not throw it away. To
give the reader a better understanding. Girls
are given blonde Barbie dolls to look up to.
Boys are expected to look up to Clark Kent in
Superman. The author prefers her old “Licca
doll” with dark and sometimes black hair since
that is the hair she has. The author became bilingual not because of Barbie but because her
role-model looked a lot like her. Licca may be
bicultural but she’s bilingual and a Japanese na-
172
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌
tional which is a symbol of what many of the
students feel comfortable with. She represents
all cultures including us.
(11) The author will continue her research at Kaichi
International University. Her plans are to
overview the curriculum change in the university since we have just begun the shift toward
Active-Learning. The author plans to publish
an article next year, again, to review our progression toward the future toward Global Citizenship Education.
References
Ambühler, Reto (2015). “Information about Education in Switzerland”. Swiss Federal Institute of
Technology Zurich. August 3, 2015. Retrieved:
September 14, 2015.
http://www.about.ch/education/index.html
͆American Experience TV’s Most-Watched History Series – The Kennedys” (2015). U.S. Corporation for Public Broadcasting. Retrieved: July
1, 2015.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/featur
es/general-article/kennedys-and-civil-rights/
Barnes, Burt (1998).
“Pediatrician Benjamin
Spock Dies”. The Washington Post. March 17,
1998. Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/ca
mpaigns/junkie/links/spock.htm
Bell, Mike (2015). “A Case for evidence based
teaching.” YouTube. Retrieved July 1, 2015.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W4eiIPA8ZcM
͆Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation - A Call For
Global Citizens”. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
(2015). Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
http://www.gatesfoundation.org/
Blum, Laurie (1991). “Free Money For Foreign
Study: A Guide to More than 1,000 Grants and
Scholarships For Study Abroad”. Facts On File
Limited. New York: 1991.
Carlin, George (2015). ͆Religion is like a pair of
shoes ... Find one that fits for you, but don't make
me wear your shoes.” (2015) Goodreads Inc. 2015.
Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
http://www.goodreads.com/quotes/98029-religion-is
-like-a-pair-of-shoes-find-one-that-fits
Carson, Emmett D (2014). “Foundations and the
Fallacy of a Post-Racial America: African American
Men and Civic Engagement”. Clinton School of
Public Service University of Arkansas. March 2014.
Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
http://www.abfe.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Fo
undadations-and-the-Fallacy-of-a-Post-Racial-America.pdf
#search='American+civic+education+racial+issues'
“Charleston Bans Protests at Funerals of Church
Shooting Victims” (2015). Associated Press, June
23, 2015. Retrieved, July 1, 2015.
http://time.com/3933146/charleston-church-shootin
g-protests-funeral/
͆Citizen Education in Europe” (2012). Education,
Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency. May
2012. Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/education/eurydice/docum
ents/thematic_reports/139EN.pdf#search='citizen+e
ducation'
͆Civics and Citizenship Education - A National
Education Goal, Formal Instruction, The Informal
Curriculum, Concerns And Issues, Improving Civic
Education” (2015). State University.com. 2015.
Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
http://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/1831/Civi
cs-Citizenship-Education.html
͆Civics Education Initiative – 100 Facts Every
High School Student Should Know” (2015). Civics
Education Initiative Foundation. Retrieved: July
1, 2015.
http://civicseducationinitiative.com/faq/
ࠕ㧗ᰯࠕබඹࠖᚲಟ࡟ᑠᏛⱥㄒࡣᩍ⛉໬ – ୰
ᩍᑂࡀ᪂ᣦᑟせ㡿᱌ࠖ(2015). ⌰⌫᪂ሗ (᪂⪺)㸬
ᖹᡂ 27 ᖺ 8 ᭶ 21 ᪥(㔠᭙᪥) 㸯∧ ♫఍㸦28㸧
ࠕබẸᩍ⫱- 㧗➼Ꮫᰯ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᩍ⛉࣭⛉┠ࡢ⌧
≧࣭ㄢ㢟࡜௒ᚋࡢᅾࡾ᪉࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸦᳨ウ⣲᱌㸧ࠖ
(2015). ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ ᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬௻⏬≉ู఍㈨ᩱ
›⁛⁤⁡⁠⁓‒‿⁓⁦⁓⁡⁥⁚⁛‬‒″⁢⁢⁞⁛⁗⁖‒‾⁛⁠⁙⁧⁛⁥⁦⁛⁕⁥‬‒‷⁘⁘⁗⁕⁦⁛⁨⁗‒‾⁗⁓⁤⁠⁛⁠⁙‒⁂⁗⁖⁓⁙⁡⁙⁛⁕⁓⁞‒⁅⁦⁤⁓⁦⁗⁙⁛⁗⁥‒⁓⁠⁖‒ ‒ ‵⁧⁤⁤⁛⁕⁧⁞⁧ ‒‶⁗⁥⁛⁙⁠‒
2-2. ᖹᡂ 27 ᖺ 6 ᭶ 9 ᪥. Retrieved: September
11, 2015.
http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/shingi/chukyo/chuk
yo3/053/siryo/__icsFiles/afieldfile/2015/08/04/1360
076_2_2_01.pdf
Corrigan, Paul T (2015). “Active Learning Has An
Ancient History”. Teaching & Learning in Higher
Ed. November 30, 2015. Retrieved: July 1,
2015.
http://teachingandlearninginhighered.org/
Costa, Robert, David A. Fahrenthold and Sarah
Kaplan (2015). “For church, 200 years of tragedy
and revival”. The Washington Post. June 18, 2015.
Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/the-emanu
el-ame-story-is-a-200-year-cycle-of-tragedy-and-rev
ival/2015/06/18/6b83de44-15ec-11e5-9ddc-e335354
2100c_story.html?hpid=z2
Diebold, Markus.
Institut für internationale
Zusammenabeit in Bildungsfagen. “The Swiss
Education System(s): Overview and Characteristics”. University of Teacher Education Central
Switzerland. Retrieved: September 14, 2015.
http://www.educationsymposium.net/archiv/2011/pd
f/vortraege/IS2011-DieboldNadig-11-09-09.pdf#sea
rch='Swiss+Education+ministry'
Dunlosky, John, Kathrine A. Rawson, Elizabeth J.
Marsh, Mitchell J. Nathan, and Daniel T. Willingham (2013). “Improving Students’ Learning With
Effective Learning Techniques: Promising Directions From Cognitive and Educational Psychology”.
Association For Psychological Science in the Public
Interest. 2013. Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
https://www.wku.edu/senate/documents/improving_
stuent_learning_dunlosky_2013.pdf#search='Effecti
ve+learning'
Duncan, Arne and Richard Culatta (2014). “Effective Professional Learning Strategies and Their Use
in Future Ready Districts”. The U.S. Department
of Education. Office of Educational Technology.
November 2014. Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
https://tech.ed.gov/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Sect
ion-4-Effective-Professional-Learning-Strategies-FI
NAL.pdf#search='Effective+learning+us+governme
nt'
173
͆Dylann Roof: the cold stare of a killer with a history of drug abuse and racism” (2015). The
Guardian. Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jun/18/dyl
ann-roof-south-carolina-charleston-shooting-suspect
Embassy of the United States – Bern, Switzerland.
“Education USA Advising Center –School Outreach
Program”. Retrieved: September 14, 2015.
http://bern.usembassy.gov/study_in_the_us.html
Ferrara, America (2015).“Thank You, Donald
Trump!” The Huffington Post. July 3, 2015.
Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/america-ferrera/than
k-you-donald-trump_b_7709126.html
Gaye, Marvin (2015). “Mercy, Mercy Me (The
Ecology)”.
Azlyrics.com. Retrieved:
July 1,
2015.
http://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/marvingaye/mercym
ercymetheecology.html
Gardner, David (2012). “We think it was foul play:
Family of Rodney King say he was a strong swimmer trying to turn his life around.” The Daily Mail
Online. June 18, 2012. Retrieved: Friday, July 3,
2015.
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2160957/R
odney-King-dead-Family-LA-riots-victim-suspect-foul
-play.html
Guyatt, Gordan, MD, MSc; John Cairns, MD; David
Churchill, MD, MSc; Deborah Cook, MD, MSc;
Brian Haynes, MD, MSc, PhD; Jack Hirsh, MD; Jan
Irvine, MD, MSc; Mark Levine, MD, MSc; Mitchell
Levine, MD, MSc; Jim Nishikawa, MD; David
Sackett, MD, MSc; Patrick Brill-Edwards, MD;
Hertzel Gerstein, MD, MSc; Jim Gibson, MD; Roman Jaeschke, MD, MSc; Anthony Kerigan, MD,
MSc; Alan Neville, MD; Akbar Panju, MD; Allan
Detsky, MD, PhD; Murray Enkin, MD; Pamela Frid,
MD; Martha Gerrity, MD; Andreas Laupacis, MD,
MSc; Valerie Lawrence, MD; Joel Menard, MD;
Virginia Moyer, MD; Cynthia Mulrow, MD; Paul
Links, MD, MSc; Andrew Oxman, MD, MSc; Jack
Sinclair, MD; Peter Tugwell, MD, MSc (1992).
“Evidence-Based Medicine: A New Approach to
174
Teaching the Practice of Medicine”. The Journal
of American Medical Association. November 4,
1992. Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=
400956
Helmreich, Jonathan E (2000). “The Diplomacy of
Apology: U.S. Bombings of Switzerland during
World War II”. Aerospace Power Journal – The
Air University. Summer 2000. Retrieved: July
1, 2015.
http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/a
pj/apj00/sum00/helmreich.html
Ikeno, Norio (2005). “Citizenship Education In Japan After World War II”. International Journal of
Citizenship and Teacher Education. Vol. 1, No. 2,
December 2005. Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
http://www.citized.info/ejournal/Vol%201%20Num
ber%202/012.pdf#search='citizenship+education+ja
pan+NARA'
Ingraham, Christopher (2015). “The ugly truth about
hate crimes — in 5 charts and maps”. The Washington Post. June 18, 2015. Retrieved: July 1,
2015.
http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/w
p/2015/06/18/5-charts-show-the-stubborn-persistenc
e-of-american-hate-crime/?hpid=z2
Irons, Meghan E (2015). “Boston’s busing history
to be taught in schools – Painful chapter now in
class plans”. The Boston Globe. February 23,
2015. Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2015/02/22/bos
ton-school-department-revises-curriculum-include-c
ity-desegregation-history/ozIIM3Xkg1BwtKW8PS9
7XO/story.html
Ishii, Yuri (2002). “The Recognition of Diversity in
England’s National Curriculum”. Educational Studies International Christian University 44 March
2002. Ohyusha Co. Tokyo. March 31, 2002.
Jamieson, Kathleen Hall (2015). “American Democracy & the Common Good - The Challenges
Facing Civic Education”. American Academy of
Arts & Sciences. Cambridge, Massachusetts. 2015.
Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
https://www.amacad.org/content/publications/pubCo
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌
ntent.aspx?d=1059
Katz, Stanley N (2013). “Reshaping U.S. Public
Education Policy”. Stanford Social Innovation
Review – Informing and inspiring leaders of social
change. Spring 2013. Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
http://www.ssireview.org/articles/entry/reshaping_u.
s._public_education_policy
Killian, Shaun (2015). “Top 10 Evidence Based
Teaching Strategies for Those Who Care About
Student Results”. The Australian Society For Evidence Based Teaching. Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
http://www.evidencebasedteaching.org.au/evidencebased-teaching-strategies/
Klionsky, Daniel J. (Editor) (2011).
“Active
Learning Not Associated with Student Learning in a
Random Sample of College Biology Courses”.
The American Society For Cell Biology – Life Sciences Education 2011. Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3228
657/
Le News (2015). “Swiss happiness - more than
just money”. Le News – Local Swiss News In English. April 27, 2015. Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
http://lenews.ch/2015/04/27/swiss-happiness-more-t
han-just-money/
Levine, Peter and Scott Warren. “To Revive our
democracy, revive civic education”. The Hill.
January 14, 2015. Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
http://thehill.com/opinion/op-ed/229556-to-revive-o
ur-democracy-revive-civic-education
Lowrey, Anne (2013). “Switzerland’s Proposal to
Pay People for Being Alive”. The New York Times.
November 12, 2013. Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/17/magazine/swit
zerlands-proposal-to-pay-people-for-being-alive.html
Matayoshi, Hirona ཪ ྜྷ ᘯ 㑣 (2005). “Societal
Bilingualism – A Historical Linguistical Curriculum
Contribution”. The Journal of Rikkyo University
Language Center No. 14. December 31, 2005, pp.
55-65.
Means, Barbara, Yukie Toyama, Robert Murphy,
›⁛⁤⁡⁠⁓‒‿⁓⁦⁓⁡⁥⁚⁛‬‒″⁢⁢⁞⁛⁗⁖‒‾⁛⁠⁙⁧⁛⁥⁦⁛⁕⁥‬‒‷⁘⁘⁗⁕⁦⁛⁨⁗‒‾⁗⁓⁤⁠⁛⁠⁙‒⁂⁗⁖⁓⁙⁡⁙⁛⁕⁓⁞‒⁅⁦⁤⁓⁦⁗⁙⁛⁗⁥‒⁓⁠⁖‒ ‒ ‵⁧⁤⁤⁛⁕⁧⁞⁧ ‒‶⁗⁥⁛⁙⁠‒
Marianne Bakia, Karla Jones and the Center for
Technology in Learning (2010). “Evaluation of
Evidence-Based Practices in Online Learning A
Meta-Analysis and Review of Online Learning
Studies”. United States Department of Education.
Office of Planning, Evaluation, and Policy Development Policy and Program Studies Service September 2010; p. 5. Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
https://www2.ed.gov/rschstat/eval/tech/evidence-bas
ed-practices/finalreport.pdf#search='Effective+learn
ing+us+government
McCarthy, Caroline (2008). ͆ࢤ࢖ࢶ㈈ᅋࠊ1400
୓ࢻࣝࢆᐤ௜--⡿ᅜࣈ࣮ࣟࢻࣂࣥࢻ⎔ቃ࡜࢔ࣇ
ࣜ ࢝ ೺ ᗣ ၥ 㢟 ࡢ ᨵ ၿ ࡟ ͇ CNET News.com.
December 22, 2008. Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
http://japan.cnet.com/news/biz/20385637/
McNay, Margret (2015). “Western Guide To Curriculum Review”. The University of Western Ontario Teaching Support Centre. Retrieved: July 1,
2015.
http://www.uwo.ca/tsc/resources/pdf/PG_4_Curricul
um.pdf
175
Moral and Character Education (2nd ed,
pp.347-367). New York: Routledge, 2014; p. 3.
Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
https://education.uw.edu/sites/default/files/u284/Citi
zenhip%20Education%20in%20the%20USA.Parker.
pdf#search='history+of+citizen+education+in+the+
United+States'
͆Priority #3: Foster Global Citizenship”. The
UN Security-General’s Global Initiative on Education (2006). Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
http://www.globaleducationfirst.org/220.htm
͆ Professional Learning Strategies as a Tool”
(2014). United States Department of Education.
Office of Educational Technology.
November
2014; p.4. Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
https://tech.ed.gov/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Sect
ion-3-Strategies-Self-Assessment-FINAL.pdf#searc
h='Professional+learning+strategies+selfassessment
+tool'
Moritz, Owen (2015). “Rodney King Calls for an
end to the riots in 1992”. The New York Daily
News. Tuesday April 28, 2015. Retrieved: July
1, 2015.
http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/rodneyking-calls-riots-article-1.2201892
Quigley Charles N (1999). “Civic Education: Recent History, Current Status, and the Future”.
American Bar Association Symposium “Public
Perception and Understanding of the Justice System”. Center for Civic Education Washington,
D.C. February 25-26, 1999. Retrieved: July 1,
2015.
http://www.civiced.org/papers/papers_quigley99.ht
ml
Motoyama, Katsuhiro ᮏᒣ຾ᐶ(2013). ࠕⱥㄒᩍ⫱
ࢆᢤᮏⓗ࡟ኚ࠼ࡿ 3 ࡘࡢ᪉ἲࠖBlogos. 2013 ᖺ
3 ᭶ 25 ᪥. Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
http://blogos.com/article/58787/
Richards, Jack C., John Platt, and Heidi Platt (1992).
“Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching and
Applied Linguistics”. Longman Group UK Limited1992: United Kingdom, pp. 5 &109.
͆114TH CONGRESS 1ST SESSION S. RES. 150
Expressing the sense of the Senate about the importance of effective civic and government education programs in schools in the United States.”
(2015) In the Senate of The United States. Library
of Congress. April 23, 2015. Retrieved: July 1,
2015.
http://www.civiced.org/images/stories/PDFs/BILLS114sres150ats.pdf
Roekel, Dennis Van (2015). “Preparing 21st Century Students for a Global Society – An Educator’s
Guide to the ‘Four Cs’ – Great Public Schools for
Every Student”. The National Education Association. Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
http://www.nea.org/assets/docs/A-Guide-to-Four-Cs
.pdf#search='Preparing+21st+Century+Students+for
+a+Global+Society'
Parker, Walter C (2014). “Citizenship Education in
the United States: Regime Type, Foundational Issues, and Classroom Practice”. The Handbook of
Sandoval, Edger and Eli Rosenberg (2015). “Man
who inspired Dylann Roof’s hateful radicalization
said blacks taken into slave ‘hit the slave lottery,’
but condemns Charleston shooting”. New York
176
Daily News. June 21, 2015. Retrieved: July 1,
2015.
http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/man-ra
dicalized-dylan-roof-blacks-privileged-article-1.2266040
ࠕᡂேᖺ㱋ᘬࡁୗࡆ኱➽஢ᢎ 㣧㓇࣭ႚ↮ࡣពぢ
ศ࠿ࢀࡿࠖ(2015). ᩍ⫱᪂⪺. 2015 ᖺ 6 ᭶ 18
᪥ Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
http://www.kyobun.co.jp/news/20150618_02.html
ࠕ᪂⛉┠ࠕබඹࠖ
ࠊ⮬Ẹᥦゝ࡟ἢ࠺ ᩍ⫱⌧ሙ࡟
ࡣᠱᛕࡶࠖ㸦2015㸧. ᮅ᪥᪂⪺ࢹࢪࢱࣝ. 2015
ᖺ 8 ᭶ 6 ᪥ Retrieved: August 6, 2015.
http://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20150806-000000
10-asahi-soci
Sylva, Kathy (2015). “Families, Effective Learning and Literacy (FELL)”. Oxford University Department of Education. Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
http://www.education.ox.ac.uk/research/fell/
Takeshita, Morio. ➉ୗᏲኵ (2011). ุ౛භἲ⦅
㞟ጤဨ఍ࠕ⦅ࠖ௦⾲➉ୗᏲኵ. ͆2012 Mohan
Compendium Japanese Law ᖹᡂ 24 ᖺᗘᶍ⠊භἲ
͆. Japan: Sanshodo ୕┬ᇽ. 2011; p. 18.
TBS (JNN) (2015). ͆ࠕ㐨ᚨࠖᩍ⛉᭩ࡢ᳨ᐃᇶ‽
ሗ࿌᭩ࡲ࡜ࡲࡿ͇. Yahoo Japan News. (Video).
July 23, 2015. Retrieved: July 24, 2015.
http://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/videonews/jnn?a=2015
0723-00000059-jnn-soci
TBS (JNN) (2015). ͆ࠕ㐨ᚨࠖᩍ⛉᭩ࡢ᳨ᐃᇶ‽
ሗ࿌᭩ࡲ࡜ࡲࡿ͇. Yahoo Japan News YouTube.
(Video). July 23, 2015. Retrieved: July 24,
2015.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1QHlIJAoTfA
͆ Teaching With Documents: Documents and
Photographs Related to Japanese Relocation During
World War II.” (2015). National Archives. Retrieved : July 1, 2015.
http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/japanese
-relocation/
“Teaching and Learning for a Sustainable Future – a
multimedia teacher education programme” (2010).
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization. 2010. July 1, 2015.
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌
http://www.unesco.org/education/tlsf/mods/theme_b
/mod07.html
“10 Best Quotes by John Kennedy” (2013). Examiner.com. November 22, 2013.
Retrieved:
July 1, 2015.
http://www.examiner.com/list/10-best-quotes-by-joh
n-kennedy
“The Japan Centre for Evidence Based Practice –
An Affiliate Centre of the Joanna Briggs Institute – ”
(2010). Osaka University Graduate School of
Medicine, Division of Health Sciences. August
2010. Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
http://sahswww.med.osaka-u.ac.jp/~agns8/
͆The Japan Foundation Prizes for Global Citizenship 2014” (2014). The Japan Foundation. Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
https://www.jpf.go.jp/e/about/citizen/winner/2014/c
hiiki14.html
The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science,
and Technology-Japan. ͆㈨ᩱ㸰㸫㸯ࠕ㐨ᚨᩍ⫱
ࡢ඘ᐇ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᠓ㄯ఍ࠖࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ୺࡞ពぢ͇ࠖ
(2015) . ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬. The Japan Ministry of
Education. Retrieved: July 24, 2015.
http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/shingi/chousa/shoto
u/096/shiryo/attach/1342146.htm
The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, and
Technology-Japan. ͆㈨ᩱ 2㸫1 ࠕ㐨ᚨᩍ⫱඘ᐇ
ࡢࡓࡵࡢᨵၿ⟇࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸫᪂ࡓ࡞ᯟ⤌ࡳ࡟ࡼࡿ
ᩍ⛉໬ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟㸫㸺ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ୺࡞ពぢ㸦ᢤ⢋㸧
㸼ࠖ
͇(2015). ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬. The Japan Ministry of
Education. Retrieved: July 24, 2015.
http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/shingi/chousa/shoto
u/096/shiryo/attach/1340545.htm
The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, and
Technology-Japan. ͆ࠕ௒ᚋࡢ㐨ᚨᩍ⫱ࡢᨵၿ࣭
඘ᐇ᪉⟇࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸦ሗ࿌㸧㹼᪂ࡋ࠸᫬௦ࢆࠊே
࡜ࡋ࡚ࡼࡾⰋࡃ⏕ࡁࡿຊࢆ⫱࡚ࡿࡓࡵ࡟㹼ࠖ"
(2013). ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬. The Japan Ministry of
Education. 㐨ᚨᩍ⫱ࡢ඘ᐇ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᠓ㄯ఍.
December 26, 2013. Retrieved: July 24, 2015.
http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/shingi/chousa/shoto
u/096/houkoku/__icsFiles/afieldfile/2013/12/27/134
3013_01.pdf
›⁛⁤⁡⁠⁓‒‿⁓⁦⁓⁡⁥⁚⁛‬‒″⁢⁢⁞⁛⁗⁖‒‾⁛⁠⁙⁧⁛⁥⁦⁛⁕⁥‬‒‷⁘⁘⁗⁕⁦⁛⁨⁗‒‾⁗⁓⁤⁠⁛⁠⁙‒⁂⁗⁖⁓⁙⁡⁙⁛⁕⁓⁞‒⁅⁦⁤⁓⁦⁗⁙⁛⁗⁥‒⁓⁠⁖‒ ‒ ‵⁧⁤⁤⁛⁕⁧⁞⁧ ‒‶⁗⁥⁛⁙⁠‒
177
http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED178451.pdf
The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, and
Technology-Japan. ͆ࠕ௒ᚋࡢ㐨ᚨᩍ⫱ࡢᨵၿ࣭
඘ᐇ᪉⟇࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸦ሗ࿌㸧㹼᪂ࡋ࠸᫬௦ࢆࠊே
࡜ࡋ࡚ࡼࡾⰋࡃ⏕ࡁࡿຊࢆ⫱࡚ࡿࡓࡵ࡟㹼ࠖ"
(2013). ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬. The Japan Ministry of
Education. 㐨ᚨᩍ⫱ࡢ඘ᐇ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᠓ㄯ఍.
December 26, 2013. Retrieved: July 24, 2015.
http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/shingi/chukyo/chuk
yo0/gijiroku/__icsFiles/afieldfile/2014/02/18/13443
45-3-3.pdf
The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science,
and Technology Japan. ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬. “Global 30
ࠕࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ 30ࠖWith the Introduction of the
‘Global 30’ Project, the best universities in Japan
are now offering degree programs in English”
(2015). ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬. 2015. Retrieved: July 1,
2015.
http://www.uni.international.mext.go.jp/ja-JP/
The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science,
and Technology Japan. ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬.ࠕ኱Ꮫࡢᅜ㝿
໬ࡢࡓࡵࡢࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡᙧᡂ᥎㐍஦ᴗࠖ(2015).
ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬. Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
http://www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/koutou/kaikaku/126
0188.htm
The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science,
and Technology Japan ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬. ࠕ➨ 3 ❶ ㏻
ಙไ㧗ᰯ࡟Ꮫࡪ⏕ᚐࡢ⌧≧࡜ㄢ㢟ࠖ(2015). ᩥ
㒊⛉Ꮫ┬. Japan: Retrieved: July 23, 2015.
http://www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/shotou/gakko-hyoka
/05111601/__icsFiles/afieldfile/2011/05/16/1305977
_4.pdf
The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science,
and Technology Japan ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬.ࠕ㏻ಙไ㧗➼
Ꮫᰯࡢ➨୕⪅ホ౯ไᗘᵓ⠏࡟㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝ◊✲
᭱⤊ሗ࿌᭩ࠖ (2015). ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬. Japan: Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
http://www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/shotou/gakko-hyoka
/05111601/__icsFiles/afieldfile/2011/05/16/1305977
_1.pdf
͆The Proceedings of Citizen Education Conference”
(Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, February 14, 1978)
(1978). ERIC Institute of Education Sciences.
The United States Department of Education. Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
The TESOL Board of Trustees (2006). “Position
Statement Against Discrimination of Nonnative
Speakers of English in the Field of TESOL”.
Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages,
Inc. March 2006. Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
http://www.tesol.org/docs/pdf/5889.pdf?sfvrsn=2
The U.S. Department of Education (2015). “No
Child Left Behind – Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)”. The U.S. Department of
Education. Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
http://www2.ed.gov/nclb/landing.jhtml
Toner, Robins (1992). “AFTER THE RIOTS; Los
Angeles Riots Are a Warning, Americans Fear”.
The New York Times. May 11, 1992. Retrieved:
July 1, 2015.
http://www.nytimes.com/1992/05/11/us/after-the-rio
ts-los-angeles-riots-are-a-warning-americans-fear.ht
ml
“What Is Active Learning?” University of Minnesota. 2008. Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
http://www1.umn.edu/ohr/teachlearn/tutorials/active
/what/
›⁛⁤⁡⁠⁓‒‿⁓⁦⁓⁡⁥⁚⁛≝⁅⁡⁕⁛⁡⁞⁛⁠⁙⁧⁛⁥⁦⁛⁕⁥‬‒″‒‾⁛⁠⁙⁧⁛⁥⁦⁛⁕‒″⁠⁓⁞⁥⁛⁥‒⁡⁘‒⁦⁚⁗‒‷⁤⁓‒⁡⁘‒⁈⁛⁡⁞⁗⁠⁕⁗‒⁛⁠‒″⁘⁤⁛⁕⁓⁠‒″ ⁗⁤⁛⁕⁓⁠‒⁅⁢⁛⁤⁛⁦⁧⁓⁞⁥„‒‼⁓„‒‘‒‴⁞⁧⁗⁥
179
‫إ‬ԓ∝᝻૰
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌‒
Sociolinguistics: A Linguistic Analysis of the Era of Violence in African
American Spirituals, Jazz, & Blues - Civil Action and Effective Citizenship
Education through the Language War
Matayoshi, Hirona 㸦ཪྜྷᘯ㑣㸧1
This paper is a linguistic critical analysis by reflecting upon Robin Tolmach Lakoff’s sociolinguistic analysis
within her brilliant understanding of linguistics in her book, “The Language War”. She portrays her understanding of
linguistics though current events in time. She discusses about how politics and the people are entwined within the
“Language War”. Although her book was written in the year 2000, we are continuing her theory. We will add new
current event issues to her theory while reflecting along with her book. According to Professor Lakoff, the purpose
of linguistics is to translate and interpret the meanings of events for the next generation. Therefore, the writer of this
article will follow Professor Lakoff’s strategies while explaining past issues toward recent issues that are occurring in
the news so we can understand the meaning of the “Language War”.
We must first look at the “Language War” in
the testimony of violence within African American Blues, Jazz, and Spirituals.
African American Blues, Jazz, and
Spirituals are historical voices, resources, databases of witnesses, and victims of the past.
the inequality of generations.
These voices screamed out
In a way, they are still surviving a "Language War" even today.
They screamed for
help in protest and yet due to those who perpetuated the violence of segregation, intimidation, and discrimination that
took place, “no one” could help them but continued to avoid the problem.
standers in denial and neglect.
It was as if they were absent apathetic by-
The reason is because prejudice and bigotry became the thorn of evil stuck in between
the heart of empathy to produce apathy.
Those who perpetuated violence under the power of mass persuasion acted
in collective behavior. To understand the meanings and the backgrounds of many of these exquisitely deep profound
lyrics or language of Blues, Jazz, and Spirituals, we must also understand the history of what happened to the African
Americans.
The United States is often viewed as a melting pot due to the history of the settlers who were faced with
the difficulties in assimilating into the European society. However, these same apathetic amnesiac settlers then colonized the American Indians and their land to build what they thought was a paradise with slavery. Professor Robin
‒ ‒ was caught up in as the “Language War”.
Tolmach Lakoff, coined the process of what America
In this “Language
War”, no one understood the cycle of harassment which just continued like a domestic violence. According to Professor Lakoff, the “Language War” triggered the importance of the civil rights movement in the late 60s.
blues came forth a muse.
Her name was Billie Holiday.
Out of the
th
This report is also to acknowledge the 100 year com-
memoration of the memory of Billie Holiday for the power of her voice gave birth to civil action that fought that Language War.
ääääääääääääääääääääää
Keywords
äääääääääääääääääääää
Sociolinguistic, Civil Action, Effective Citizenship Education, Linguistic Analysis, Language War
‒
․•‣‧ ࠰ ‫ ‫‬உ ‣‧ ଐӖྸ‒
ᅈ˟ᚕᛖ‫↝⇟∞∑⇼↗⇠∉⇞⅚∑∉⇧∐⇺⇟∙⇑∐∇⇈∙⇑∐⇻⇈ ‒ ‒‬ܖ‬ɶ↖↝⅚୧щ଺ˊ↝ᚕᛖЎௌ≐ᚕᛖ৆ʗ⇁ᡫↆ↕↝‒
⇝⇹∑∝⇈⇕⇝∍∙↗јௐႎ↙⇎⇻⇍⇕⇬⇉⇼ࠊൟ↗πൟ૙Ꮛ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒
“‣ ӍӴ‒ ࢀ᢯‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖ⇪∞⇈∑∏⇿∐ܖٻ‬ᢿ‒
180
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
same time they also sacrificed the indigenous
Introduction
An original definition of a "Language
people's human rights for their own freedom.
War" is the conflict of political communication
The European explorers destroyed the indigenous
in other words excuses for hate crimes.
It is a
people through using biological warfare such as
conflict of those who “belong” and those who are
small pox infested blankets (“The Story Of …
labeled “foreign”.
Smallpox – and other Deadly Eurasian Germs”,
This labeling of "foreign-
ness" or "differences" is a form of shaping public
2005).
attitudes
to
concept of “disease or epidemics” but then when
acknowledge an excuse for mass mob violence
they found the power as a source for “alienation”,
and abuse.
they used the epidemic in the form of “deceased
like
a
form
of
propaganda
It is more psychologically violent
They may have been ignorant of the
than any other biological war for it is an overall
blankets” to destroy a civilization.
abuse that lasts for generations damaging the
to gain the dream of political power to control.
foundations of humanity’s existence not just
Language Wars are not just blows to your face as
physically but mentally.
(2)
They did it
a violent reaction but it is a loss of communica-
The “Language Wars” destroy cultures in
tion in historical amnesia.
This amnesia shines
order to build their culture upon another by ne-
a morbid glow of inequality which has been a
glecting another.
constant issue that has never been solved since
In a way it is also a linguistic
colonialization. This sacrifice is always used as
an excuse or a form of amnesia.
the beginning of time. (4)
It is very simi-
lar to how people claim to be a certain religion
like calling themselves "Christians".
However,
The fruit of the knowledge of good and
evil
in the same breathe, instead of following the
“If there’s any interaction between genes and
philosophy of turning the other cheek, they fall
languages, it is often Languages that influence
into a convenient amnesia and forget all their
genes, since linguistic differences between popu-
philosophies with the doctrines like the Crusades.
lations lessen the chance of genetic exchange
In result, they murdered under a fake new phi-
between them.”
losophy by using their own god's name as an excuse.
– Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza. (5)
This is what a Language War is all about.
They labeled and killed under the excuse by using God's name in vain.
(Sforza, Goodreads, 2015)
They completely went
through a convenient amnesia and forgot the Ten
According to the geneticist, Luigi Luca
Commandments of "Though shall not kill"
Cavalli-Sforza, humanity started in Africa with a
(“Catechism of the Catholic Church”, Exodus 20
single woman who had a gene called “mitochon-
2-17).
(3)
olence.
dria”.
She was named “Mitochondrial Eve”.
World history is still based upon that vi-
Her daughters bore more children, in repetition,
The dreams and expectations to find a
generations of the descendants of Eve then made
paradise of freedom and equality as if a religion
civilization as we know now.
or as the engine that moved the pioneers to es-
blood line still continues to flourish. Her blood
cape, to find other green pastures, and yet at the
line traveled and passed down to every woman
Even now her
›⁛⁤⁡⁠⁓‒‿⁓⁦⁓⁡⁥⁚⁛≝⁅⁡⁕⁛⁡⁞⁛⁠⁙⁧⁛⁥⁦⁛⁕⁥‬‒″‒‾⁛⁠⁙⁧⁛⁥⁦⁛⁕‒″⁠⁓⁞⁥⁛⁥‒⁡⁘‒⁦⁚⁗‒‷⁤⁓‒⁡⁘‒⁈⁛⁡⁞⁗⁠⁕⁗‒⁛⁠‒″⁘⁤⁛⁕⁓⁠‒″ ⁗⁤⁛⁕⁓⁠‒⁅⁢⁛⁤⁛⁦⁧⁓⁞⁥„‒‼⁓„‒‘‒‴⁞⁧⁗⁥
on earth.
She became the great ancestor of all
women.
The Mitochondria DNA is only passed
through women and not through men.
Thus, the
181
Professor Lakoff discusses about how the
Language War began though mythology.
The
so called "Adam" line has been broken (Lewin,
biblical story of "The Tower of Babel" written in
pp.54-55).
the “Old Testament”, best represents the begin-
Referring back to the Luigi Luca Caval-
ning of the Language Wars.
According to the
li-Sforza’s quote, we are related to the almighty
story, humanity all spoke the same language.
“Grandma Eve”, in our blood, we carry the mi-
Unfortunately, humanity had the bad idea to try
tochondria of centuries which means, we are a
to communicate with the big man upstairs,
data base or a USB memory stick of Eve's history
“God”.
or “her-story”.
Those genes are codes or lan-
started building this huge communication tower
When you think about it, she was a
until one day, God looked over his shoulder most
guages.
Well, humanity continuing its bad idea,
great woman, in a way, for she may have been
likely in retaliation remarking, "No way".
the holy womb and “holy grail” that passed down
destroyed the tower and dispersed those who
the beauty and symmetry of the double helix of
built the thing in the first place (Knight, Genesis
genetics.
11:9).
Our body cells remember her for she
is still in our genetic building blocks.
Our ge-
gan.
God
When he did this the Language War beInstead of one language he brought forth
netics or tree of life is like a ladder that was made
the complete linguistic chaos on earth.
for us to be established in her form like a copied
words, all hell broke loose.
manuscript.
Of course she is the only specimen
Christian God of turning the other cheek while at
that genetics have found and that there were
the same time not acknowledging his own chil-
probably others or copied manuscripts just like
dren as his own by labeling them “different”,
her.
“strange”, or “foreign”.
Unfortunately, humanity has a brain that
In other
Again, this is the
has a tendency to forget very quickly by labeling
According to Dante's "Divine Comedy",
and classifying differences even though we are
he uses Pope Gregory the Great’s sixth century
basically from one big family.
Human's strug-
definition of the Seven Deadly Sins to express
gle with this racial amnesia somehow, led us to
the concept of hell (“The Seven Deadly Sins”,
forget our origin in Africa.
It is like how Pro-
2001) . The legend about the Tower of Babel de-
fessor Lakoff mentioned about the lineage of po-
scribes a God who was portrayed as “the dude”
litical correctness leading us to the civil rights
who contradicted himself.
movement through a war of words that has been
committed several of the seven deadly sins such
imbedded into our DNA for us to interpret and
as "greed" to keep power, control when he
read between the lines.
looked over his shoulder, "jealous" was when
This is the God who
God found the people built the tower, "pride" the
The Origin of The Language Wars (6)
sarcasm of God thinking “No way”, and God
“Those who can make you believe absurdities,
himself expressed his "wrath" by destroying the
can make you commit atrocities.”
tower to disperse humanity in revenge in retalia-
-Voltaire
(Voltaire, Goodreads, 2015)
tion.
In a way, this story represents how perse-
cution began by the dividing of languages and
182
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
Ironically, perse-
ground, and to overcome their mental trauma.
cution, segregation, and apartheid originated in
In the end, they were able to heal their physical
the bible or the “Old Testament”.
and psychological wounds through their souls
the division of ethnic groups.
According to this myth or mythology,
and blues. This is how the music of spirituals,
our languages separated and provided us with a
blues, and jazz began.
wall between our own family members in segre-
row and civil duty to make others aware that they
gation.
were not alone.
Wars and conflicts under the concept of
It all began through sor-
In a way, it was a form of Citi-
greed brought forth and dug a gigantic chasm
zenship Education.
between humanity to build battlements within
Lakoff, language is more than words for these
civilization to exclude another from another.
words are worth fighting for and that is what civil
In
a way, the Language Wars became an excuse
According to Professor
action is all about.
under a self-made amnesia to protect the uniqueness from the so called label of "evil foreignness".
This concept was also mentioned in
The Power of Civil Action (7)
What did Professor Lakoff mean?
The
Professor Lakoff’s book about dismissing or the
best quote that provides the reader a preview of
alienation of the female gender.
the "Harlem Renaissance" and an insight into the
Before 1865 the so called "privileged" or
problems with “racial amnesia”, would be the
the slave owners kidnapped the ancestors of to-
magnificent African American activist and poet
day's African Americans and enslaved them un-
Langston Hughes (Earle, pp. 118-123).
der this concept of the “protecting of uniqueness”
following is his quote:
The
began with prejudice and segregation (Earle, pp.
66).
Some of the slaves were "allowed" to go to
church.
The reason why quotations are used is
I swear to the Lord I still can't see
Why democracy means Everybody but me.
for us to see the inequality that took place at the
-Langston Hughes
time where human rights were ignored and peo-
(Hughes, 2015)
ple were "allowed" to have a spiritual moment in
their lives.
They were also “allowed” to sing
His quote triggered the idea of question-
but not in their traditional African beat, rhythm,
ing the civic system of the society of that time.
and song.
They were allowed into the church to
This later led to civil action to promote and pro-
learn the "white man's" way of life and so they
tect the civil rights movement for not just all
would “conform” to their “owners”.
In other
Americans but for all citizens of the world.
words, they were educated to submit under cap-
Students were given the equal opportunity to
tivity.
To override this difficult situation, the
study in an equal atmosphere to pursue their hap-
African Americans quickly learned to use the
piness under the Constitution of the United States
church meetings to their advantage.
of America.
They be-
African American students were
gan singing about their daily life to send out
bused into Caucasian schools for the opportunity
messages and inspire empathy with others.
of equality under democracy.
In
the process they could escape from their hard-
The Civil Rights Act for African Ameri-
ships, establish a group or collective therapeutic
cans in the United States was enacted in 1964.
183
›⁛⁤⁡⁠⁓‒‿⁓⁦⁓⁡⁥⁚⁛≝⁅⁡⁕⁛⁡⁞⁛⁠⁙⁧⁛⁥⁦⁛⁕⁥‬‒″‒‾⁛⁠⁙⁧⁛⁥⁦⁛⁕‒″⁠⁓⁞⁥⁛⁥‒⁡⁘‒⁦⁚⁗‒‷⁤⁓‒⁡⁘‒⁈⁛⁡⁞⁗⁠⁕⁗‒⁛⁠‒″⁘⁤⁛⁕⁓⁠‒″ ⁗⁤⁛⁕⁓⁠‒⁅⁢⁛⁤⁛⁦⁧⁓⁞⁥„‒‼⁓„‒‘‒‴⁞⁧⁗⁥
The act banned segregation in education (Earle,
that we refer to as the “linguistic markedness”.
pp. 112).
Billie Holiday sang about that reality.
Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. in-
She sang
fluenced President Lyndon Johnson to act quick-
of resistance and resilience.
ly to support and the African Americans fought
song was "Strange Fruit".
for their right to vote with the Voting Rights Act
ing about the hardships of being African descent
in 1965 (Earle, pp. 113).
and slavery but she sang about the outcome of
This is what Professor
Eve's children.
Lakoff meant.
Her most famous
She wasn't just sing-
She sang it in didactic agitation.
She was literally and poetically opening “Pan-
The Voice of Civil Action:
The 100 Year Commemoration of The
Memory of Billie Holiday (8)
If humanity's Grandma Eve (used as a
dora's Box” with her vocal crowbar. She wanted
to let all the evils out including everything because she was yearning for that last moment of
“hope”.
metaphor) were here today, we can wonder and
ponder for an answer or may be an apology for
"One day a whole damn song fell into place in
we can be sure she would have tears in her eyes
my head."
to see what we have become.
dren are struggling today.
Her grandchil-
-Billie Holiday
She passed her mi-
(Holiday, “Brainy Quote”, 2015)
tochondria to her following generations with all
the expectations of survival, dreams for the hope
The following lyrics are from a famous
of green pastures, and yet her grandchildren
historical reality of violence toward minorities or
haven't quite got her message.
indigenous people.
amnesia.
It is a form of
Have we answered her dreams?
Not
Blues.
The genre of this song is
The song was written by Abel Meeropol
yet, but we are still trying to pass down her mes-
also known by his pen name Lewis Allan and
sage or “her-story”.
sung by Billie Holiday (Holiday, Billie.
Billie Holiday had Moth-
er's Eve's (referring to Adam and Eve) blues and
Holiday”
“Billie
CD lyric card).
she was good at spreading the word throughout
the world. She took her civil duty quite seriously and she learned about the power of the mu-
The Blues (9)
"Strange Fruit"
sic media and like what Professor Lakoff discusses about within the Languages Wars that it is
Southern trees bear a strange fruit,
necessary to maintain the equality within the sta-
Blood on the leaves and blood on the root,
tus quo. Billie Holiday was not just maintaining
Black bodies swinging in the southern breeze,
the status quo but she was a “Joan of Arc” in re-
Strange fruit hanging from the popular trees.
taliation to awaken the minds of the following
generations.
In a way, using Lakoff’s interpretation
Pastoral scene of the gallant south,
The bulging eyes and twisted mouth,
of the times, Billie Holiday was one of the muses
Scent of sweat magnolias, sweet and fresh,
for the Harlem Renaissance (Earle, pp. 120).
Then the sudden smell of burning flesh.
According to Professor Lakoff, there is a reality
184
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
who were murdered.
Here is fruit for the crows to pluck,
For the rain to gather, for the wind to suck,
deals with satire.
We can see as if watching it
on the news or on film.
For the sun to rot, for the trees to drop,
Each poetic device is within this one sin-
Here is a strange and bitter crop.
gle song.
(Holiday, Billie.
It is an epigram which
gy.
“Billie Holiday” CD lyric
It is a master piece of poetic antholo-
Let's look at the lyrics, again.
We will
first count the Rhyme by using the alphabet then
card).
we will dissect each poetic literary art that was
These were people with names and families who were forced to their deaths by the ugly
used to produce such profound excellence of the
Harlem Renaissance.
reality of prejudice, racism, fear politics, wrong
"Strange Fruit"
education (propaganda), and the government at
the time was responsible for these wrongful
deaths.
The duty of the government, according
Southern trees bear a strange fruit,
(a)
to the Constitution of life, liberty, and the pursuit
Blood on the leaves and blood on the root, (a)
of happiness, was to provide the people with an
Black bodies swinging in the southern breeze, (b)
equal environment of happiness but failed to do
Strange fruit hanging from the popular trees. (b)
so.
The voice of this song is so beautiful and
yet so eerie. The song is a haunting image that
Pastoral scene of the gallant south, (c)
gradually dawns upon you to become a surreal
The bulging eyes and twisted mouth, (c)
vision representing the meaning of the "Blues".
As you may see the power of the voice,
in the words, are beyond the sound.
Scent of sweat magnolias, sweet and fresh, (d)
Then the sudden smell of burning flesh. (d)
Without
even knowing the song just by reading it or de-
Here is fruit for the crows to pluck, (e)
coding the emotions within the words we can get
For the rain to gather, for the wind to suck, (e)
For the sun to rot, for the trees to drop, (f)
a clear picture of what was going on.
"Strange Fruit" was an allegory of life
Here is a strange and bitter crop. (f)
of the oppressed and the sins of the oppressors.
It is the horror of
The Rhyme count is aabb, ccdd, eeff.
the outcome of Eve's grandchildren. The genre
Therefore, it is neither an “Italian sonnet” nor a
was "Blues" but it was sung as ballad or a story.
“Shakespearean sonnet” but an original ac-
In a way, it is an autobiography or a biography of
ceptance of both which conveys the didactic
the author and many others who have been vic-
message to the reader and listener.
timized.
an understanding of humanity as one.
It is a clear lesson of horror.
The song contains an eerie sense of
It represents
It was
Each
written so that anyone could remember the words
word has a connotation connected to it which
and easily to reproduce the song, in repetition, to
reflects negative vibrations to the soul of blues.
spread the word.
Each word was clearly chosen to represent that
chant, or prayer from a psalm.
resilient anger with a pursuit for justice.
anger in denotation.
It is also an elegy for those
It was very much like a hymn,
›⁛⁤⁡⁠⁓‒‿⁓⁦⁓⁡⁥⁚⁛≝⁅⁡⁕⁛⁡⁞⁛⁠⁙⁧⁛⁥⁦⁛⁕⁥‬‒″‒‾⁛⁠⁙⁧⁛⁥⁦⁛⁕‒″⁠⁓⁞⁥⁛⁥‒⁡⁘‒⁦⁚⁗‒‷⁤⁓‒⁡⁘‒⁈⁛⁡⁞⁗⁠⁕⁗‒⁛⁠‒″⁘⁤⁛⁕⁓⁠‒″ ⁗⁤⁛⁕⁓⁠‒⁅⁢⁛⁤⁛⁦⁧⁓⁞⁥„‒‼⁓„‒‘‒‴⁞⁧⁗⁥
Unfortunately, it is still not clear whether
185
Thus, in terms who wrote the song or is not really
Abel Meeropol, actually wrote the lyrics alone
an issue.
since there have been other sources who claim a
both of them wrote it and "God bless their souls".
different story.
Let’s dissect the song to see the Blues.
However, in a way, due to the
However, it would be a justice to say
historical language war in the United States,
Meeropol needed to be the writer.
English teacher and songwriter.
He was an
We can also see the Assonance in the lyrics:
If it wasn’t
then Billie Holiday would be in danger.
"Strange Fruit"
More-
over, we also have to understand that Meeropol
was of Jewish background.
Therefore, he un-
"Southern trees bear a strange fruit,"
derstood discrimination and he also must have
been as frustrated with the inequalities through
The constant sound of "s" is like the
his own experience in life and in history (Moore,
hushing sound of “sh” like the snake in Eden
2010).
protecting the fruit of good and evil.
Nonetheless, Abel Meeropol used the
The sound
"s" is the sound of the snake communicating a
pen name, "Lewis Allen", to distance and protect
secret.
himself, so he wouldn't be seen as an “outsider”
the truth is the witnessing of an evil of murder.
and a “foreigner”.
The song begins with a faraway vision of some-
Therefore, we can see how
dangerous it was for both of them.
In a way, we
can presume that Meeropol was not just protect-
The secret holds the truth.
In this case,
thing harmless but something to fear for the fruit
is not normal but "strange".
ing himself but he, also willingly, protected Billie
Holiday.
Just the thought of that would bring
tears to anyone's eyes.
"Blood on the leaves and blood on the root,"
He was a true "man". He
was one of the many sons of Grandma Eve. He
The constant sound of "bl" and "oo" ap-
was also a great linguist who not just taught Eng-
pears to represent the sadness in the movement of
lish and wrote songs but he fought for civil
the mouth when these words are pronounced.
rights.
is also very difficult to pronounce like an intimi-
He fought for Billie Holiday which
means he fought for everybody (Moore, 2010).
Billie Holiday gave the song life.
She
It
dation for trees do not have blood and yet the
root is personified to have blood like it was a
provide the song with even more passion of re-
living human being.
The word "leaves" repre-
sistance and resilience, in protest, for "Strange
sents the leaves on the tree but also represents the
Fruit" was definitely an ultimate weapon as a
criminals “leaving”.
Linguistic Resistance to not just to support the
agine the criminals were covered with the antag-
African Americans but to support all who have
onist's blood when they were leaving and the
been victims of the Language War even today.
blood was smeared on the “leaves of the trees”
On the other hand, it was essential at the time, to
including the “blood pool” that was left on the
share the burden for that sharing of empathy for a
roots.
cause made sure we can listen and read the ex-
One meaning is “the roots” of a tree or a plant
cellence of the singer Billie Holiday, today.
but also “the roots” of humanity or DNA.
Theoretically, we can im-
The word "roots" has two meanings.
Just
186
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
by reading this phrase we have become witnesses
glect, ostracized, foreignness, scapegoated, and
to a crime.
labeled with stereotypical prejudice for the fruit
was a human being.
"Black bodies swinging in the southern breeze,"
concept of “white supremacy” that took place at
the time.
This phrase is a clear descriptive state-
This evil came from the
White supremacy was the political
agenda that was led by propaganda by those who
ment representing the African Americans who
claim to be Christian like the Crusade.
were hung by the neck in the deep southern part
mental bite that the reader takes from the fruit
of the United States.
leaves us with the bitter taste of evil and the dou-
The Deep South still has
racial problems or amnesia.
The historical
remnants of the 1862 Confederate army that later
The
ble standard of the so called church goers of that
time in the United States.
evolved into the Klu Klux Klan could be defined
The people who killed the African
as a terroristic organization that still causes
Americans, like a “witch hunt”, claimed to be in
problems today (Earle, 2000).
search of salvation.
They are still
They had families and yet
The old Confed-
due to prejudice, bigotry, and predetermined
erate states are still considered the “deep south”
mentality of evil they murdered by their own ge-
and they are still notoriously prejudice areas of
netic brothers according to the geneticist, Luigi
the United States.
As you can see again, the "s"
Luca Cavalli-Sforza. When we look at genetics it
appears to represent the snake that protected the
is really sad since originally we were born from
fruit knowledge of good and evil.
the same mother who passed down her mito-
very powerful in these areas.
The imagery
is very vivid with the southern cruel fragrance of
chondria to all women on earth.
death, and murder can be smelled throughout this
women are copies of Mitochondrial Eve.
one line.
All of us
The words "southern breeze" is satiri-
cal, sarcastic, and yet represents the melancholy
"Pastoral scene of the gallant south,"
and mourning of how life can be taken away by a
breeze.
The word "Pastoral" fits in quite ironi-
In other words, the horror of public
mob mood swings could make anyone a victim.
cally with excellent satirical poise.
The word,
“Pastoral” provides the reader with a serene pu"Strange fruit hanging from the popular trees."
rity of a rural country side on one side which
blinds the reader and listener to neglect what is
The personified satire is used by representing the bodies as fruit.
The “Strange Fruit”
really happening in the “not so pure” reality of
horror.
The term "gallant" is supposed to rep-
could be considered as representing the bible
resent the good and the brave but in fact the so
story of Adam and Eve taking the bite out of the
called good and brave Christians, at the time,
fruit of the knowledge of good and evil.
were the murderers.
The
They lynched and mur-
“Fruit” itself is not evil but the fact that the per-
dered innocent African Americans for selfish
sonification of the fruit being hanged by another
political reasons as a language war.
person as a “strange fruit” is the evil.
imagery of good that is depicted and portrayed
The
“strange” is the representation of alienation, ne-
It is the
›⁛⁤⁡⁠⁓‒‿⁓⁦⁓⁡⁥⁚⁛≝⁅⁡⁕⁛⁡⁞⁛⁠⁙⁧⁛⁥⁦⁛⁕⁥‬‒″‒‾⁛⁠⁙⁧⁛⁥⁦⁛⁕‒″⁠⁓⁞⁥⁛⁥‒⁡⁘‒⁦⁚⁗‒‷⁤⁓‒⁡⁘‒⁈⁛⁡⁞⁗⁠⁕⁗‒⁛⁠‒″⁘⁤⁛⁕⁓⁠‒″ ⁗⁤⁛⁕⁓⁠‒⁅⁢⁛⁤⁛⁦⁧⁓⁞⁥„‒‼⁓„‒‘‒‴⁞⁧⁗⁥
187
yet we know that this view is a form of amnesia
word “scent” but changed the word to “smell”
being forced upon you.
which the reader can imagine the smell by their
own personal experience.
"The bulging eyes and twisted mouth,"
awakened our sense of smell for it is the smell of
“trouble”.
The descriptions of the dead bodies pro-
The author has
It is like an SOS that represents,
“Save Our Souls”.
vides the reader with the horror of the reality of
the twisted mentality of those who murdered and
terrorized.
"Here is fruit for the crows to pluck,"
The reader can see a forbidden scene
Meanwhile, at the crime scene the crows
that no news program would ever dare show the
viewers.
It is the view of the guilt, in hell, and
or police officers or maybe the criminal them-
yet it is covered with the amnesiac pastoral sce-
selves are mutilating the bodies.
This phrase
ne.
represents the tar and feathering torture that was
a notorious way that the Klu Klux Klan often
"Scent of sweat magnolias, sweet and fresh."
The scent or fragrance of magnolias are
performed upon their victims (Jeffries, 2007).
"For the rain to gather, for the wind to suck,"
not fresh nor are they sweet but very distinctively
The victims were left without proper
strong. The scent is more like a punch in the face.
The concept of this strong scent of magnolias
burial.
represents the cover-up of crime or the negli-
tims who were used and abused.
gence that took place.
It also represents how
people can always neglect a crime without concern the following day.
This represents the sadness of the vic-
"For the sun to rot, for the trees to drop,"
Bystanders quickly
Their silent witnesses who didn't inter-
forget like experiencing amnesia.
vene were the sun and the trees who continued to
"Then the sudden smell of burning flesh."
perpetuate the abuse with nature erasing the reality of the violence.
The lynching that took place, at the time,
were beyond comprehension.
It was a mob
harassment of torture and violence.
However, the sadness is that
nature's child was being victimized and Mother
Earth couldn't protect her offspring.
The word
Tarring and
"drop" can be interpreted as dropping the bodies
feathering were used as a public humiliation
but it can also be seen as another personification
spectacle by using heated tar or asphalt which is
as the trees or nature dropping their heads in
similar to petroleum or gasoline poured upon the
apology and devastation for nature couldn’t do
victim. The feathers were used like a wick of a
anything.
candle that would ignite.
was watching her own children in sadness.
The victims were lit-
Mitochondrial Eve or Mother Nature
erally burned alive in the sun and the breeze that
would add oxygen into the flame.
As you can
see the in the previous line, the author used the
"Here is a strange and bitter crop."
188
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
The last phrase represents how prejudice
To understand how Billie Holiday was
and bigotry can mistreat another by not evening
made to sing this song is to understand her ge-
admitting to their own humanity by referring to
netics.
them as a “strange fruit” which is like a labeling
als in church.
another person as “foreign” or even a “crop”.
She was brought up by singing SpirituSpirituals are songs that originated in
In a way, the “strange fruit” is the representation
Africa.
of an “outcast”.
tion all began.
The word "bitter" means the
Africa is where Apartheid or segregaPeople were classified under
bitter reality where the “strange crop” is not nec-
labels of "foreignness" so that the so called
essarily the dead but also those perpetrators who
Christians could enslave, use, and abuse Africans
are the “real strange and bitter crop” for they
as slaves before 1865 (“African American Spir-
murdered in cold blood because of hate.
ituals, 2001).
This
Apartheid continued until 1994
provides the reader with the bitter reality that evil
(“The End of Apartheid”, 2009).
does not come from an external source but from
Lakoff viewed this cry of soul as a linguistic hu-
the cruel and negligence of humanity.
man rights movement.
Human-
Professor
ity can easily look away or avoid when they are
faced with seeing horror as if experiencing some
Personal Reflections of History in the 90s.
sort of amnesia but if this was you, would you
still look away?
“You better watch out, there’s a stranger in
The violence, at the time, came from hate
crimes and these hate crimes were not dealt with
town.”
By The band TOTO (Retrieved, 2015).
but pushed and covered under a thin carpet of
apathetic neglect to refrain from realizing that no
one is better than the other.
from one mother.
To provide the reader with a deeper un-
Humanity came
derstanding of what a Language War is all about
This ironic “bitter crop” or
and why we should read Professor’s Lakoff’s
perpetrators were also the children of Eve too.
book, is to look into history.
They murdered their own relatives.
That is the
of the article, Hirona Matayoshi, was in college
sadness and the bitter fragrance that is left with
at time. She remembers her dorm mates (dor-
the reader after we read these surreally magnifi-
mies) who were African American pointing to
cently maleficent lyrics of history opened before
the television, in the common room of her dorm.
our eyes.
It is the horror of the "The Heart of
They were calmly watching the television while
The color of skin is not an issue for
the rest of us from a variety of cultures and na-
Darkness".
we are all human.
the lyrics.
We can see our own evil in
If you have a chance to listen to Bil-
In 1992, the author
tionalities began to gather, in the common, room
with concern.
The news program was a live
lie Holiday's "Strange Fruit" you can actually
coverage of Rodney King being lynched by
hear her cry in every note.
Caucasian police officers (Garner, 2012).
of pure Blues.
It is a master piece
If you do have racial amnesia,
We
all sat in front of the television devastated to see
hopefully it will wake you up so you will have
violence live in front of our eyes.
time to close the lid of Pandora’s Box.
in diversity.
We sat there
On the television, we watched live
footage of riots throughout the United States,
›⁛⁤⁡⁠⁓‒‿⁓⁦⁓⁡⁥⁚⁛≝⁅⁡⁕⁛⁡⁞⁛⁠⁙⁧⁛⁥⁦⁛⁕⁥‬‒″‒‾⁛⁠⁙⁧⁛⁥⁦⁛⁕‒″⁠⁓⁞⁥⁛⁥‒⁡⁘‒⁦⁚⁗‒‷⁤⁓‒⁡⁘‒⁈⁛⁡⁞⁗⁠⁕⁗‒⁛⁠‒″⁘⁤⁛⁕⁓⁠‒″ ⁗⁤⁛⁕⁓⁠‒⁅⁢⁛⁤⁛⁦⁧⁓⁞⁥„‒‼⁓„‒‘‒‴⁞⁧⁗⁥
mostly in Los Angeles.
One of the dorm mates
quietly said, “The City of Angels … ”.
witnessed the Los Angeles Riot on TV.
We
At the
out of control and everybody was in danger.
Her “dormies” said to her, "You'll be singled out
and believe us, you're safer on campus.
time of the riots, even the east coast of the United
are
States was on curfew.
Demonstrations are peaceful.
The author’s old friend
189
very
different
from
Riots
demonstrations.
Riots are violent.
at NYU had his head hit from behind because he
Plus, we already ordered pizza and the kegs are
was Asian (Japanese).
on us!
The author didn’t know
The party is 'in and on' the house!"
She
about what happened to her high school friend at
laughed at the joke because she knew they were
NYU until a few days later.
trying to provide her with an understanding and
Just about a month ago before the riot,
assurance that everything “was going to be al-
the author’s dorm planned a party for her and we
right”.
were supposed to go out that night.
However,
ment to have actually experienced real deep ra-
on that day, her “dormies” were begging her not
cial issues. Luckily, the author had good dorm
to leave campus due to the Los Angeles Riots.
mates that gave her assurance of a safe haven in
She told them, "I'm Japanese, there's no prob-
New Haven, Connecticut which was what she
lem!"
really needed at the time to feel safe on campus
I didn’t know about what was happening
at NYU.
They told her, "Girl, you go out there
However, that was a first time and mo-
with her friends and those who cared about me
tonight, it don't matter what your color is, what
with empathy.
nationality you are, you are not us and you are
our university gates closed to the public.
not them.
neutrality, the university protected the students in
Being not one of "anybody" is the
That was also the night when
silence and prayer.
problem!"
The author’s “dormies” pointed at the
In
They reinforced the campus
with guards during the night.
news, the subtitles warned Asian students to keep
Oddly enough, maybe it was the author’s
in doors because somehow the anger of the
Okinawan indigenous background that provided
"Language War" was spreading out to innocent
her with scheme or the background knowledge to
bystanders.
understand that single moment of jeopardy. That
In other words, innocent bystandFor some
was the day, she realized how deep the concept
reason, Asians were targeted, including Japanese
of "difference", "foreignness", and “outsider”
students, with the Language War, as well.
was and is.
ers are the scapegoats or the outcasts.
The
The author’s dormies, at the time,
reason why Japanese students were in danger was
not just protected her from her ignorance of “not
because of appearance which is very connected
knowing” about the true meaning of the fruit of
to the rest of Asia.
good and evil but we were protecting each other
The so called “look” was
neither Caucasian nor African American.
At
under the solidarity of our campus “holy”
the time, Japan and Korea’s economy was in a
grounds of academics.
full bloom “Bubble” which caused envy and an-
time that she was introduced to Billie Holiday’s
ger.
music and song, “The Strange Fruit”. The author
That is why her friend at NYU was a vic-
tim of the Language War.
As you can imagine, that was the first
time, the author realized that riots are like a fire
It was that moment in
received Effective Citizenship Education within
her own dorm.
In a way, it may have been a
reunion with the author’s own Grandma Eve in
190
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
her DNA.
The author’s dormies made sure that
she understood the Blues, Spirituals, and Jazz.
They awakened her amnesia.
from the amnesia, stop repeating history and
learn from "her-story".
That moment has
been vividly engraved in her mind and vision for
The Spiritual (10)
it has lived somehow within her and revived
within the author’s heart to encourage her to
write this report.
That scene has been engraved
Billie Holiday also sang Jazz.
One of
her famous songs was "Summertime".
It was
in her mitochondria DNA to the point that she
originally a Bahamian spiritual lullaby called
feels the soul and the blues.
"All My Trials" (Webster, 2015). Many artists
In a way, for all of
us at the time, we survived the Language War.
have covered this song and the oldest one that the
author heard was Harry Belafonte's "All My Tri-
“Sticks and stones may break my bones but
als" in 1959.
You can watch it on YouTube.
words will never hurt me!”
-Nursery Rhyme
http://youtu.be/6iLiwycXQoA.
(Martin, 2015)
We will begin analyzing the song
This is great quote that you hear on the
play grounds in the United States.
mentioned in Professor Lakoff’s book.
er, words do cut like a knife.
It is also
Howev-
through the rhyme scheme first.
Both of these
songs best represent the racial boundaries between those who have experienced violence.
Just a few days
ago, the of the author got a phone call from an
“All My Trials”
old friend talking about the news and referring to
African American history about how things have
Hush little baby, don't you cry (a)
changed from the old Jim Crow Days to the Los
You know your mama was born to die (a)
Angeles Riots to today's 2015 Baltimore Protests.
These protests have turned into riots over the
murder of Freddie Gray.
All my trials, Lord, soon be over (b)
The riots took place
against the police officers in the United States,
again in repetition.
The river of Jordan is muddy and cold (c)
The author’s old dormies
Well it chills the body but not to the soul (c)
and her are getting older but we are not growing
apart for we saw the same history take place,
again.
I've got a little book with pages three (d)
History has a tendency to repeat itself.
And every page spells liberty (d)
The author’s old friends are far away in America,
Europe, Africa, Asia, and the author is here in
If living were a thing that money could buy (a)
Japan. However, in solidarity of “One for All, All
Then the rich would live and the poor would die
for One” again, we were “there” watching the
(a)
same live footage but this time on the internet.
Maybe it was the awakening of our mitochondria
There grows a tree in Paradise (e)
Grandma Eve whispering in our ears to wake up
And the pilgrims call it the Tree of Life (e)
›⁛⁤⁡⁠⁓‒‿⁓⁦⁓⁡⁥⁚⁛≝⁅⁡⁕⁛⁡⁞⁛⁠⁙⁧⁛⁥⁦⁛⁕⁥‬‒″‒‾⁛⁠⁙⁧⁛⁥⁦⁛⁕‒″⁠⁓⁞⁥⁛⁥‒⁡⁘‒⁦⁚⁗‒‷⁤⁓‒⁡⁘‒⁈⁛⁡⁞⁗⁠⁕⁗‒⁛⁠‒″⁘⁤⁛⁕⁓⁠‒″ ⁗⁤⁛⁕⁓⁠‒⁅⁢⁛⁤⁛⁦⁧⁓⁞⁥„‒‼⁓„‒‘‒‴⁞⁧⁗⁥
191
The Jordan River is a symbol of freedom
(Belafonte, 2015)
in Christianity.
The Rhyme scheme is aa b cc dd aa ee.
Let's
that she is now in the passage of being free from
her pains.
look at the lyrics again to analyze it.
The mother is teaching the child
The water is cold and muddy but
she has to accomplish her journey.
She is go-
ing to escape.
Hush little baby, don't you cry (a)
Well it chills the body but not to the soul (c)
The imagery that is used is a mother
holding her baby in her hands as if cuddling it
gently like a Michelangelo's "Pieta".
She assures the baby that the water is
The Pieta
cold but it doesn't freeze her soul. The mother is
is a sculpture of Mother Mary holding Jesus on
hinting to wait until the water is not too cold to
her lap.
make the escape.
In the lyrics, the mother is trying to
calm the crying baby.
It is a hidden code or map
that she incognito hides within the song.
She is
also telling others not to lose hope. When the
water warms, that is the time to escape.
You know your mama was born to die (a)
The mother is trying to reason with the
I've got a little book with pages three (d)
baby who doesn't have the knowledge to reason.
The baby is pure from good and evil.
The
The mother assures the baby that she has
mother is in a difficult position for she must tell
a guide book of three pages to guide her.
She is
the baby that she will die and that the baby too
telling others that this song is a code.
It is a
was born to die as well.
map used during the “Underground Railway” to
This represents the in-
equality of those who can survive but those who
free the African Americans from slavery.
were born to face prejudice and segregation.
And every page spells liberty (d)
All my trials, Lord, soon be over (b)
The guide book is telling her there is
The mother prays and assures the Lord
freedom over the river.
She is telling others that
that all of her challenges and persecution will
once they cross over to the Bahamas they will
have a quick ending.
reach a river that will lead them to a freedom.
She is not just telling her
child that she has a way out but she is also telling
others through this song that freedom is in the
hands of time.
come to an end.
If living were a thing that money could buy (a)
The sorrow of the mass will
The “trials” represents the
hardship that people go through life.
She also tells her child that if life could
be bought which means that life, of course, cannot be bought.
The river of Jordan is muddy and cold (c)
Humanity is free.
192
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
Then the rich would live and the poor would die
(Grannum, 2011).
When the British abolished
(a)
slavery the Bahamas became a freedom island.
The song may have been written as an African
She says that if it were true that the rich
American "Underground Railroad" coded lyric or
would live long then that would mean that the
song, with a map, to cross the ocean and escape
poor would soon die.
If life could be bought
to the Bahamas, a free island (The Embassy of
then life would have never begun in the first
the United States Nassau Bahamas, 2011).
place.
Thus, this mother was not just talking about
She is telling others to hang on and live
freedom but connecting lost families in a Tree of
to escape.
Life (“Spirituals As Coded Communication”,
2014).
There grows a tree in Paradise (e)
She may have been the voice of Grand-
ma Eve reaching out over the boundaries to save
The mother tells the child.
She can see
others.
the trees in paradise which means she was successful in her “Exodus” with the child.
She is
The Jazz (11)
also telling others who are the pilgrims to come
as well.
Let's compare it with the lyrics of "Summertime" written by George Gershwin.
And the pilgrims call it the Tree of Life (e)
Summertime, (a)
She is not just telling her child this but
she is telling other people who were listening to
the song that once they arrive they will see a big
And the livin' is easy (b)
Fish are jumpin'
(c)
And the cotton is high (a)
tree that is referred to as the “Tree of Life” that
marks the spot of transaction toward freedom.
Oh, Your daddy's rich (d)
Again, the word “pilgrims” represent “settlers”
And your mamma's good lookin (c)
but not European but African settlers who had
So hush little baby (b)
escaped alive.
Don't you cry (a)
When you understand that this song was
One of these mornings (e)
written before the research of Mitochondrial Eve
You're going to rise up singing (f)
was even discovered gives you goose bumps.
Then you'll spread your wings (e)
A
mother is assuring her baby, that everything is
And you'll take to the sky (a)
going to be alright and that she will be waiting
for the child's time on the other side of the river
with the tree of life.
It was originally a tradi-
tional folk song written in the Bahamas.
The
But until that morning (f)
There's a'nothing can harm you (g)
With your daddy and mammy standing by (a)
Bahamas was also a victim of slavery under British rule until 1834 when they abolished slavery
Summertime, (a)
›⁛⁤⁡⁠⁓‒‿⁓⁦⁓⁡⁥⁚⁛≝⁅⁡⁕⁛⁡⁞⁛⁠⁙⁧⁛⁥⁦⁛⁕⁥‬‒″‒‾⁛⁠⁙⁧⁛⁥⁦⁛⁕‒″⁠⁓⁞⁥⁛⁥‒⁡⁘‒⁦⁚⁗‒‷⁤⁓‒⁡⁘‒⁈⁛⁡⁞⁗⁠⁕⁗‒⁛⁠‒″⁘⁤⁛⁕⁓⁠‒″ ⁗⁤⁛⁕⁓⁠‒⁅⁢⁛⁤⁛⁦⁧⁓⁞⁥„‒‼⁓„‒‘‒‴⁞⁧⁗⁥
with high protein.
And the livin' is easy (b)
193
This stanza also represents
that the hardship or winter is over and life be-
Fish are jumpin' (c)
comes easier to live.
And the cotton is high (a)
And the cotton is high (a)
Your daddy's rich (d)
And your mamma's good lookin' (c)
Cotton is something you may not see that
So hush little baby (b)
often in Japan.
Don't you cry (a)
The author had the chance of
touching cotton, when she was in Washington
(Holiday, Billie.
D.C. a long time ago.
“Billie Holiday” CD lyric
A colleague who was
African American was telling her about picking
card)
cotton when she was a little girl.
The Rhyme scheme is abca dcba efea fga
The author
was surprised because she thought, at the time,
abca dc ba.
The music was written by George
that picking cotton was only in the history books.
Gershwin,
DuBose Heyward wrote the lyrics
The colleague laughed and told the author her
based on the epic "All My Trials", and Billie
age.
Holliday sang it in 1936 (Holiday, Billie.
“Bil-
think that she was older than her parents, but she
The genre was and
explained to me that cotton picking continued
lie Holiday” CD lyric card).
She looked young and the author didn't
until the late 60s.
is jazz.
A few days later, the col-
league brought a branch of the cotton plant to the
office since she thought that it was important for
the author to learn.
Summertime, (a)
She brought gloves and
showed the author how to pick cotton out of the
The image is like a Haiku. The author is
providing the reader with a season.
Summer is
the season that everyone can survive.
hard thinned shells.
She told the author that,
both of us have the luxury of gloves but back in
the old days, there were no gloves.
Picking
cotton is literally a dangerous hard labor. Without the gloves the thorny shells would tear your
And the livin' is easy (b)
hands apart.
Summer is the season of ease.
In the song, it sings about the cot-
No mat-
ton plant being high which means that it is time
ter where you are in the world, summer is well
for it to be harvested to sell for money but it also
spent near a window or in a shade just relaxing
is a satire for pain in the labor or in child labor.
and sweating.
The baby may have been a new born.
Fish are jumpin'
(c)
In a river, stream, creek, pond, or ocean
there is always fish and no matter how old you
get fish are fun to watch and they are delicious
Oh, Your daddy's rich (d)
The song sings about being rich under
the concept of hard working.
194
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
However, until that morning her parents
And your mamma's good lookin (c)
are going to protect her.
The mother is very cute for she refers to
herself as beautiful.
is a little girl.
There's a'nothing can harm you (g)
Therefore, maybe the baby
The baby’s mommy and daddy are going
The mother is telling her daugh-
ter that when she grows up she will find a man
to protect her.
who is rich and hardworking because she will be
beautiful like her mother.
With your daddy and mammy standing by (a)
And the baby’s mommy and daddy will
So hush little baby (b)
be watching over her.
Thus, the mother is calming the baby not
to cry.
Summertime, (a)
And the livin' is easy (b)
Fish are jumpin' (c)
Don't you cry (a)
And the cotton is high (a)
The mother is emphasizing about no
worries.
Therefore the baby doesn't need to cry.
Your daddy's rich (d)
And your mamma's good lookin' (c)
So hush little baby (b)
One of these mornings (e)
Don't you cry (a)
The mother says that someday.
The upper stanzas are emphasis of reYou're going to rise up singing (f)
minding the baby to keep quiet and that there is
nothing to cry about.
The baby is going to wake up. The baby will
My Trials" and "Summertime" contain controversial issues.
sing.
In comparison, both "All
The original, "All My Trials",
was an authentic lullaby of the Bahamas.
Then you'll spread your wings (e)
Whereas, "Summertime", although a very beautiful song, was an adaptation of the "All My Tri-
Then the baby will be free.
als" copied into "Summertime" and written by a
Caucasian author and not an African American
And you'll take to the sky (a)
author.
The song is also connected to the play
"Porgy and Bess".
To travel anywhere the baby wants to go.
Some African American
critics claim that the play was a derogatory racial
portrayal of African Americans and their com-
But until that morning (f)
munity.
Harry Belafonte who sang "All My
195
›⁛⁤⁡⁠⁓‒‿⁓⁦⁓⁡⁥⁚⁛≝⁅⁡⁕⁛⁡⁞⁛⁠⁙⁧⁛⁥⁦⁛⁕⁥‬‒″‒‾⁛⁠⁙⁧⁛⁥⁦⁛⁕‒″⁠⁓⁞⁥⁛⁥‒⁡⁘‒⁦⁚⁗‒‷⁤⁓‒⁡⁘‒⁈⁛⁡⁞⁗⁠⁕⁗‒⁛⁠‒″⁘⁤⁛⁕⁓⁠‒″ ⁗⁤⁛⁕⁓⁠‒⁅⁢⁛⁤⁛⁦⁧⁓⁞⁥„‒‼⁓„‒‘‒‴⁞⁧⁗⁥
Trials" was not happy at all with the new version
much as the pain of the violence is not innate but
“Summertime” (Duncan, 1935).
taught and learned.
However, when you peel away all the
taboo and controversial issues away from the
song, "Summertime", then we can get a different
view.
Many artists from a variety of ethnic
backgrounds have sung this song.
Each one of
Conclusion (13)
“Wisdom must yield to superstition’s rules,
Who arms with bigot zeal the hand of fools.”
- Voltaire
them has their own style which should be accepted as different flavor of a great cuisine and
(Voltaire, Goodreads, July 2, 2015)
no matter how the taste changes it is a great song.
However the author admits, that she prefers Bil-
After the death of Eric Garner on July
lie Holiday and Ella Fitzgerald singing "Sum-
17, 2014 (Fessenden, 2015) and the 2015
mertime" the best.
These two magnificent
Charleston Church Massacre (“Dylann Roof…”,
muses have the voice and the mood that moves
2015), we still see racial tensions in the United
the soul.
States.
Both of them fought to get generations
of Mother Eve’s “voices” out.
Eric Garner was detained and held down
by patrol officers (Fessenden, 2015).
In the
process, he choked to death and according to
"Three hundred years of humiliation, abuse, and
video footage, his last words were "I can't
deprivation cannot be expected to find voice in a
breathe" (“I can’t breathe…” video, 2014).
whisper".
horror still continues in 2015.
The
The death of
- Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. (12)
Freddie Gray (Karimi, 2015) and the Ferguson
(Trustees of Dartmouth College, 2015)
shooting (“Feds:..”, 2015) which is another racial
controversy that led to riots or the “Language
In other words, Reverend Martin Luther
War” in the United States in 2015.
The police
King Jr.’s quote can be interpreted as "How dare
choking of Eric Garner triggered the artist, Ri-
you tell the people to hush!
They experienced
hanna, to recently release her new song "Ameri-
way too much violence".
We discussed the
can Oxygen" on YouTube.
In the song, Rihan-
"foreignness" issue before but to make an even
na sings about the hardships of African American
clearer view of the concept of “foreignness”, it is
History and violence.
not just “foreign” but the concept of an “outcast”.
the United States, as a melting pot, continues the
Therefore, when we discussed about the contro-
pursuit of the freedom of happiness under the
versial "Summertime", we must also understand
Constitution.
that racism and prejudice hurts everyone.
she is from Barbados which brings out the free-
Whether the play "Porgy and Bess" intended to
dom of speech in her cynical words of choice.
be controversial, the author would say no.
She also sings about how
However, she is not American but
The
writers, at the time most likely didn't even think
In one phrase of the song "American Oxygen",
about hurting someone but they did. Prejudice
Rihanna sings:
is taught and learned.
It is not innate.
Just as
196
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
"Young boy, hustling … Tryna get the wheels in
history called Globalization. In globalization, we
motion …
are bombarded with the “Language War” while
But he can be anything at all … Every breath I
we are also expected to be universally designed
breathe ...
to overcome our differences, to live with our di-
chasin' this American Dream ... American Oxy-
versity, and to provide each other the dignity in
human rights.
gen".
We are all equal yet we have not
yet reached the dreams of Reverend Martin LuLike we can see in Rihanna’s song,
ther King Jr. nor have we answered to our moth-
“Young boy, hustling…Tryna get the wheels in
er, Grandma Eve's expectations yet.
When we
motion…But he can be anything at all”, the
reach that moment, then that will be the day of
phrase can be interpreted as a double entendre.
true achievement of global communication with
All we can think is the sadness of Eric Garner
Effective Global Citizenship Education.
We
taking his last breath of the "American Dream"
would triumph over the Language War.
We
with the "American Oxygen" for he could be
will finally be able to unite with a common un-
“anything at all”. It would be very difficult to
derstanding and our language wars will come to
look into the eyes of the generations of Mito-
an end in peace.
chondrial Eve and to explain what happened to
Just like Professor Lakoff, we are all po-
her generation of offspring in history. There is
tential Mitochondrial Eves waiting in the "pa-
no such thing as the "American Oxygen".
tience of evolution" like any mother for us to
all breathe oxygen that belongs to humanity.
We
It
answer to her dreams of hope.
Our chromo-
belongs to all of us equally as a "world dream"
somes and DNA are still under experiment like
for it is the “World Oxygen” of freedom and
“All My Trials”.
equality.
with trial, empathy, and not to apathetically ig-
It is the same oxygen in Barbados and
all over the world including Okinawa and Japan.
Why is it important to study African
American Spirituals, Jazz, and Blues?
simple.
We just have to find a way
nore our mistakes but to admit it, move on in anticipation, with better outcomes and results.
Well, it's
Through reading Professor Lakoff’s
“At sixteen, you still think you can escape from
book “The Language War” we not only learn
your father.
about history but we can learn to reflect upon our
speaking through your mouth, you don’t see how
daily lives.
your gestures already mirror his; you don’t see
life.
We have all become victims within
We are victimized just watching the news
to see pain.
However, it is a nice feeling to
know we are not alone and like Professor Lakoff
him in the way you hold your body, in the way
you sign your name.
You don’t hear his whis-
per in your blood.”
- Salmon Rushdie
points out to the reader that somethings are linguistically worth fighting for.
You aren’t listening to his voice
To study it is
(Salmon Rushdie, Goodreads, 2015)
Civil Action and Effective Citizenship Education
in itself.
Notes
These are the codes and the language
of the soul that we all have within our hearts.
We are going through a transitional moment in
(1)
The author, Hirona Matayoshi ᧤♗⚘ㆧ挲᧥,
has previously done research on testimonies of
violence including African American Blues, Jazz,
›⁛⁤⁡⁠⁓‒‿⁓⁦⁓⁡⁥⁚⁛≝⁅⁡⁕⁛⁡⁞⁛⁠⁙⁧⁛⁥⁦⁛⁕⁥‬‒″‒‾⁛⁠⁙⁧⁛⁥⁦⁛⁕‒″⁠⁓⁞⁥⁛⁥‒⁡⁘‒⁦⁚⁗‒‷⁤⁓‒⁡⁘‒⁈⁛⁡⁞⁗⁠⁕⁗‒⁛⁠‒″⁘⁤⁛⁕⁓⁠‒″ ⁗⁤⁛⁕⁓⁠‒⁅⁢⁛⁤⁛⁦⁧⁓⁞⁥„‒‼⁓„‒‘‒‴⁞⁧⁗⁥
Spirituals, and violence that happened during the
Battle of Okinawa, Japan. The author has done
extensive research on historical voices, resources,
databases of witnesses, and victims of the past not
just American minorities but also minorities in
Japan. The author also researched about Billie
Holiday including old and recent civil rights
movements in the United States and Japan. The
author compiled and published all of the research
above in the Osaka University Graduate School
named “Kotoba to Hanpuku 4” in 2008. The title of the article is “Societal Bilingualism: The
Power of Language in Repetition” pp. 11-23..
(2) Based upon an original overall summary of Professor’s Lakoff’s book. Lakoff, Robin Tolmach
(2000) . “The Language War”. University of
California Press Ltd.: 2000.
(3) Based upon an original summary of Professor
Lakoff’s book, Chapter “Language –The Power
We Love To Hate” pp. 17-20.
(4) Based upon an original interpretation of Professor
Lakoff’s book, Chapters “Apologies As Language
Politics” and “The Unapology”. pp. 23-41. Basically, the whole concept of what we would call
amnesia comes from the neglect from feeling
guilty so instead of apologizing for that specific
guilt, people have a tendency to conveniently
forget the guilt altogether instead.
(5) Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza is one of the most famous validated geneticist who researches about
mitochondrial genomes. In Professor Lakoff’s
book, Chapter “Numerous Validated Scholarly
Studies” pp. 232-235, she refers to DNA and
how society depends upon DNA behaviors labeling individuals with sometimes bias views rather
than understanding the inner beauty.
(6) Based upon an original interpretation of Professor
Lakoff’s book, Chapter “Here She is …Myth
America” pp. 186-187. In addition, this section
is an original interpretation of Chapter “Introduction – What I Am Doing Here, And How Am
I Doing It” pp. xi -9. Professor Lakoff discusses
about the Civil Rights Movement in the 60s and
how analysis of language is not necessarily scientific but discovering the controversy and using the
197
forensic mind to dispute issues with argumentation.
(7) Based upon an original interpretation of Professor
Lakoff’s book, Chapter “Identity Crisis” pp.
32-41. Professor Lakoff discusses about how
words are painful and that these words have begun from the beginning of time such as the testimonies from the Old Testament. However,
there will always be a time when a person can
take just so much until they break and fight back.
That is the civil rights movement. That is the
epitome of the meaning of expressing the blues.
(8) Based upon an original interpretation of Professor
Lakoff’s book, Chapter “The Neutrality Of The
Status Quo” pp. 42-47, she talks about labeling
and marking and coined the term “markedness” to
represent the markedness of a role. Billie Holiday was that role-model like mitochondria “Eve”,
“Grandma”, and women all over the world such
as Billie Holiday during the civil rights movement of the 60s.
(9) The author, Hirona Matayoshi, has previously
done research on testimonies of violence including African American Blues, Jazz, and Spirituals
and violence that happened during the Battle of
Okinawa, Japan. The author has done extensive
research on historical voices, resources, databases
of witnesses, and victims of the past not just
American minorities but also minorities in Japan.
The author also researched about Billie Holiday
including old and recent civil rights movements
in the United States and Japan. The author
compiled and published all of the research above
in the Osaka University Graduate School Journal
named “Kotoba to Hanpuku 4” in 2008. The title of the article is “Societal Bilingualism: The
Power of Language in Repetition” (pp. 11-23.)
(10) Based upon an original interpretation of Professor
Lakoff’s book, Chapter “The Uncommonness of
Commonness” pp. 48-56.
Professor Lakoff
discusses about those who are not recognized and
how it can bring forth outrage.
(11) Based upon an original interpretation of Professor
Lakoff’s book, Chapter “Enough Blame To Go
Around” pp. 238-247. Professor Lakoff men-
198
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
tions the labeling of blaming minorities and how
linguistically the African Americans fought back
through Ebonics with the power of sound with
Spirituals, Gospel, blues, and Jazz.
(12) Based upon an original interpretation of Professor
Lakoff’s book, Chapter “ Apologies and Language Politics” pp. 23-29. Professor Lakoff
discusses about Reverend Martin Luther King and
how he fought just like other “markedness” or
role models who may have been chosen to lead
others toward a “Summertime”.
(13) Based upon an original interpretation of Professor
Lakoff’s book, Chapter “We Are The World” pp.
56-62. Matayoshi, the author of this article,
concluded with a famous new role model or
“markedness”, Rihanna, to represent the whole
picture of the new generation taking the role of
the “markedness” who are fighting against the
“Language War” to bring forth a “A New America”.
References
ಯAcquittal in Doorstep Killing of Japanese Studentರ
(1993). The New York Times. May 24, 1993.
Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
http://www.nytimes.com/1993/05/24/us/acquittal-in-d
oorstep-killing-of-japanese-student.html
Alighieri, Dante (2012). ಯThe Divine Comedy ದ The
Vision of Paradise, Purgatory, and Hellರ. Project
Gutenbergಬs The Divine Comedy. Complete. November 30, 2012. Retrieved: July 23, 2015.
http://www.gutenberg.org/files/8800/8800-h/8800-h.h
tm
ಯAfrican American Spiritualsರ (2001). Library of
Congress. 2001. Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
http://www.loc.gov/item/ihas.200197495
ಯAmerican Experience TVಬs Most-Watched History
Series ದ The Kennedysರ (2015). U.S. Corporation
for Public Broadcasting. Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/feature
s/general-article/kennedys-and-civil-rights/
Belafonte, Harry (2015). ಯAll My Trialsರ.
mode. 2015. Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
Lyrics-
http://www.lyricsmode.com/lyrics/h/harry_belafonte/a
ll_my_trails.html
ಯCatechism of the Catholic Churchರ (2015). The
Holy See (Vatican). Exodus 20 2-17. Retrieved:
July 23, 2015.
http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechi
sm/command.htm
Carson, Emmett D (2014). ಯFoundations and the
Fallacy of a Post-Racial America: African American
Men and Civic Engagementರ March 2014. Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
http://www.abfe.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Fou
ndations-and-the-Fallacy-of-a-Post-Racial-America.pdf#s
earch='American+civic+education+racial+issues'
Costa, Robert, David A. Fahrenthold and Sarah
Kaplan (2015). ಯFor church, 200 years of tragedy and
revivalರ. The Washington Post. June 18, 2015.
Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/the-emanuelame-story-is-a-200-year-cycle-of-tragedy-and-revival/
2015/06/18/6b83de44-15ec-11e5-9ddc-e3353542100c
_story.html?hpid=z2
Chang, Edward Taehan (2015). ಯConfronting
Sa-i-gu: Twenty Years after the Los Angeles Riotsರ.
The Oak Kim Center for Korean American Studies.
Retrieved: July 22, 2015.
http://yokcenter.ucr.edu/docs/other/11-12_Confrontin
g_Sa-i-gu_Article.pdf#search='los+angeles+riots+kor
ean+and+japanese+were+targeted'
ಯಬI canಬt breatheಬ: Eric Garner put in chokehold by
NYPD Officer - videoರ (2014). The Guardian.
December 4, 2014. Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/video/2014/dec/
04/i-cant-breathe-eric-garner-chokehold-death-video
Duncan, Todd & Anne Wiggins Brown (1935).
ಯ ಫPorgy And Bessಬ Opens On Broadway To Mixed
Reviews.ರ African American Registry ದ A
Non-Profit Education Organization. October 10,
1935. Retrieved: July 2, 2015.
http://www.aaregistry.org/historic_events/view/porgyand-bess-opens-broadway-mixed-reviews
›⁛⁤⁡⁠⁓‒‿⁓⁦⁓⁡⁥⁚⁛≝⁅⁡⁕⁛⁡⁞⁛⁠⁙⁧⁛⁥⁦⁛⁕⁥‬‒″‒‾⁛⁠⁙⁧⁛⁥⁦⁛⁕‒″⁠⁓⁞⁥⁛⁥‒⁡⁘‒⁦⁚⁗‒‷⁤⁓‒⁡⁘‒⁈⁛⁡⁞⁗⁠⁕⁗‒⁛⁠‒″⁘⁤⁛⁕⁓⁠‒″ ⁗⁤⁛⁕⁓⁠‒⁅⁢⁛⁤⁛⁦⁧⁓⁞⁥„‒‼⁓„‒‘‒‴⁞⁧⁗⁥
199
ಯDylann Roof: the cold stare of a killer with a history
of drug abuse and racismರ (2015). The Guardian.
Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jun/18/dylan
n-roof-south-carolina-charleston-shooting-suspect
Gaye, Marvin (2015). ಯMercy, Mercy Me (The
Ecology)ರ. Azlyrics.com. Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
http://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/marvingaye/mercymer
cymetheecology.html
Earle, Jonathan (2000). ಯThe Routledge Atlas of
African American Historyರ. Routledge: London
2000. pp. 66 & 94-123.
Gaye, Marvin (1983). ಯEvery Great Motown Hit of
Marvin Gayeರ. (CD) California: Motown. 1983.
ಯEducation Resources on School Desegregation.ರ
(2015). National Archives. Retrieved: July 1,
2015.
http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/desegregat
ion/orange-county.html
Executive Committee of the Common Bible Translation (1987). ಯThe New Testamentರ. Japan Bible
Society. Tokyo: 1987. pp. 27 & 71. (Matthew 13:55 & Mark 6:3).
ಯFeds: Police violated free-speech rights during Ferguson unrestರ (2015). CBS. June 30, 2015. Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
http://www.cbsnews.com/news/ferguson-justice-depar
tment-say-police-antagonized-crowds-violated-free-sp
eech-rights/
Fessenden, Ford (2015). ಯNew Perspective on Eric
Garnerಬs Deathರ. The New York Times. June 13,
2015. Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/12/03/us/20
14-12-03-garner-video.html?_r=0
Fitzgerald, Ella with the Chick Webb Orchestra
(1999). ಯA Jazz Hour With Ella Fitzgerald with The
Chick Webb Orchestra - Sing Me a Swing Songರ.
(CD) IMC Music Ltd. 1999.
Fitzgerald, Ella (2003). ಯMack The Knife ದ Ella in
Berlinರ. (CD) Universal Classics & Jazz, A Universal Music Company. Distributed by Victor Entertainment, Inc. Berlin: February 13, 1960. Made in
Japan. October 22, 2003.
Ferrara, America (2015). ಯThank You, Donald
Trump!ರ The Huffington Post. July 3, 2015. Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/america-ferrera/thank
-you-donald-trump_b_7709126.html
Gardner, David (2012). ಯWe think it was foul play:
Family of Rodney King say he was a strong swimmer
trying to turn his life around.ರ The Daily Mail
Online. June 18, 2012. Retrieved: July 3, 2015.
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2160957/Ro
dney-King-dead-Family-LA-riots-victim-suspect-foulplay.html
Grannum, Guy (2011). ಯResearching African-Caribbean Family Historyರ. BBC. 2011.
Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/familyhistory/next_step
s/genealogy_article_01.shtml
Holiday, Billie (2015). ಯBrainy Quoteರ. Retrieved:
July 1, 2015.
http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/b/billiehol
i387680.html
Holiday, Billie (2015). ಯBillie At 100 ದ A Century
Of Lady Dayರ. The Bicycle Music Company. Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
http://www.billieholiday.com/
Holiday, Billie. ಯBillie Holidayರ. (CD) Korea:
Amuse Media Co., LTD. Distributed by Fine Disc
Corporation. Licensed by KOMKA.
Holiday, Billie (1971). Yui, Masaichi and Kyosen
Ohashi translation (1976). ಯKimyou na Kajitsu ದ
Billie Holiday jidenರ. Shobunsha. May 1, 1976.
Hughes, Langston (2015). ಯI swear to the Lord, I
still canಬt see, why Democracy means, everybody but
me.ರ BrainyQuote. Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/l/langston
hu124804.html
Ingraham, Christopher (2015). ಯThe ugly truth about
hate crimes ಧ in 5 charts and mapsರ. The Washington Post. June 18, 2015. Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
200
http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/
2015/06/18/5-charts-show-the-stubborn-persistence-of
-american-hate-crime/?hpid=z2
Irons, Meghan E (2015). ಯBostonಬs busing history to
be taught in schools ದ Painful chapter now in class
plansರ. The Boston Globe. February 23, 2015.
Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2015/02/22/bost
on-school-department-revises-curriculum-include-city
-desegregation-history/ozIIM3Xkg1BwtKW8PS97XO
/story.html
Jeffries, Stuart (2007). ಯTarring and Feathering ದ a
brief history of brutal revengeರ. The Guardian.
August 30, 2007. Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2007/aug/30/northern
ireland.humanrights
Karimi, Faith, Kim Berryman and Dana Ford (2015).
ಯWho was Freddie Gray, whose death has reignited
protests against police?ರ CNN. May 2, 2015 Video. Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
http://edition.cnn.com/2015/05/01/us/freddie-gray-wh
o-is-he/
Knight, Kevin. ಯSaint Joseph (2015)ರ. The Advent.
Retrieved: July 23, 2015.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08504a.htm
Knight, Kevin. ಯThe Tower of Babelರ (2015). The
New Advent. Retrieved: July 23, 2015. pp.
Genesis 11.9
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15005b.htm
Lewin, Roger (1991). ಯMitochondrial Eve ದ The
Biochemical Route to Human Origins. ರMOSAIC
Science Magazine Organization. Volume 22 Number
3 Fall 1991. pp. 54-55. Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
http://www.mosaicsciencemagazine.org/pdf/m22_03_
92_05.pdf#search='luigi+Luca+CavalliSforza+mitoch
ondrial+eve'
Martin, Gary (2015). ಯThe meaning and origin of
expression: Sticks and stones may break my bonesರ.
The Phrase Finder. 2015. Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/sticks-and-stone
s-may-break-my-bones.html
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
Matayoshi, Hirona ♗⚘ㆧ挲 (2008). ಯSocietal
Bilingualism: The Power of Language in Repetitionರ. Kotoba to Hanpuku 4. Genngo Bunka
Kyoudou Kenkyu Project 2007. Osaka University
Graduate School of Language and Culture., 11-23.
Mayor, Adrienne (1995). ಯThe Nessus Shirt in the
New World: Smallpox Blankets in History and
Legendರ. The Journal of American Folklore, Vol.
108, No. 427 (Winter, 1995), 54-57. Standford University. Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
http://web.stanford.edu/dept/HPS/MayorSmallpox.pdf
#search='Columbus+diseased+blankets'
Moore, Edwin (2010). ಯStrange Fruit is still a song
for todayರ. The Guardian. September 18, 2010.
Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/cifameric
a/2010/sep/18/strange-fruit-song-today
Powledge, Tabitha & Mark Rose (1996). ಯArchaeology ದ A publication of the Archaeological Institute
of Americaರ. Volume 49 Number 5, September/October 1996. Retrieved: July 23, 2015.
http://archive.archaeology.org/9609/abstracts/dna.htm
l
Lakoff, Robin Tolmach (2000) . ಯThe Language
Warರ. University of California Press Ltd.: 2000.
Rushdie, Salman (2015). Goodreads Inc. Retrieved: July 1, 2015)
http://www.goodreads.com/quotes/tag/genetics
Sandoval, Edger and Eli Rosenberg (2015). ಯMan
who inspired Dylann Roofಬs hateful radicalization said
blacks taken into slave ಫhit the slave lottery,ಬ but condemns Charleston shootingರ. New York Daily News.
June 21, 2015. Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/man-radi
calized-dylan-roof-blacks-privileged-article-1.2266040
Sforza, Luigi Luca Cavalli (2015). Goodreads Inc.
2015. Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
http://www.goodreads.com/search?q=Luigi+Luca+Ca
valli-Sforza&search%5Bsource%5D=goodreads&search
_type=quotes&tab=quotes
›⁛⁤⁡⁠⁓‒‿⁓⁦⁓⁡⁥⁚⁛≝⁅⁡⁕⁛⁡⁞⁛⁠⁙⁧⁛⁥⁦⁛⁕⁥‬‒″‒‾⁛⁠⁙⁧⁛⁥⁦⁛⁕‒″⁠⁓⁞⁥⁛⁥‒⁡⁘‒⁦⁚⁗‒‷⁤⁓‒⁡⁘‒⁈⁛⁡⁞⁗⁠⁕⁗‒⁛⁠‒″⁘⁤⁛⁕⁓⁠‒″ ⁗⁤⁛⁕⁓⁠‒⁅⁢⁛⁤⁛⁦⁧⁓⁞⁥„‒‼⁓„‒‘‒‴⁞⁧⁗⁥
Sforza, Luigi Luca Cavalli (1995). ಯThe Great Human Diasporas: The History of Diversity And Evolution (Helix Booksರ. Milano: Perseus Books Publishing 1995. Retrieved: July 23, 2015.
http://www.amazon.co.jp/Great-Human-Diasporas-Di
versity-Evolution/dp/0201442310/ref=sr_1_1?s=english-bo
oks&ie=UTF8&qid=1437633379&sr=1-1&keywords
=Luigi+Luca+Cavalli-Sforza
ಯSpirituals As Coded Communicationರ (2014).
Sweet Chariot: The Story of The Spirituals. The
Spirituals Project at the University of Denver. Office of Teaching & Learning. 2014. Retrieved:
July 1, 2015.
http://www.spiritualsproject.org/sweetchariot/Freedo
m/coded.php
The Embassy of the United States Nassau ዘBahamas.
ಯRemarks ದ Bahamas In Atlanta Eventರ (2011).
April 28, 2011. Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
http://nassau.usembassy.gov/bahamasinatl.html
ಯThe End of Apartheidರ (2009). The United States
Department of State Archive. January 20, 2009.
Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
http://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/ho/time/pcw/98678.ht
m
ಯThe Seven Deadly Sinsರ (2001). The University of
Leicester, 2001. Retrieved: July 23, 2015.
http://www.le.ac.uk/arthistory/seedcorn/faq-sds.html
ಯThe Story of ಹ Smallpox - and other Deadly Eurasian Germsರ (2005). Public Broadcast System Organization. 2005. Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
http://www.pbs.org/gunsgermssteel/variables/smallpo
x.html
Trustees of Dartmouth College (2015). ಯMartin Luther King Jr. Celebrationರ. Dartmouth College,
2015. Retrieved: July 23, 2015.
http://www.dartmouth.edu/~mlk/about/
Toto (2015). ಯStranger In Townರ. Azlyrics.com.
Retrieved: August 6, 2015.
http://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/toto/strangerintown.ht
ml
201
Toto (2015). ಯStranger In Townರ. YouTube. Retrieved: August 6, 2015.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RSeldKAqM-w
Voltaire (2015). Goodreads Inc. 2015. Retrieved: July 1, 2015.
http://www.goodreads.com/search?utf8=%E2%9C%9
3&q=diversity&search_type=quotes
Voltaire (2015). Goodreads Inc. 2015. Retrieved:
July 2, 2015.
http://www.goodreads.com/search?page=4&q=bigot&
search_type=quotes&tab=quotes&utf8=%E2%9C%93
Webster, Peter (2015). ಯThe Acoustic Music Archive ದ Learn to play folk songs on your guitar
through chords, lyrics, and recordings ದ All My Trials
ದ Chords, Lyrics and Originsರ. 2015. Retrieved:
July 1, 2015.
https://www.acousticmusicarchive.com/all-my-trials-c
hords-lyrics
203
‾⁓⁠⁙⁗≒‹⁡⁤⁥⁚⁝⁡⁨≝※⁠⁦⁗⁤⁠⁓⁦⁛⁡⁠⁓⁞‒‷⁕⁚⁓⁠⁙⁗‒⁩⁛⁦⁚‒⁅⁡⁡⁕⁚⁡⁩‒⁇⁠⁛⁨⁗⁤⁥⁛⁦‒
↌↝˂
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌‒
International Exchange with Soochow University
‒
Elizabeth J. Lange 1
Victor Gorshkov 2
A picture tells a thousand words –
an international letter exchange project makes a thousand friends.
At an international festival at a university
representing the history of Japan and painted by
campus in Japan, a visitor was greeted like a queen
such famous ukiyoe artists as Utagawa Hiroshige,
by a Chinese student dressed in a luxurious and
Kawase Hasui and Torii Kiyonaga), we designed a
ornate robe with long dangling sleeves. The
friendship poster with a large dominant bridge
exaggerated flowing gestures in arm and body
spanning across the two halves (see Pictures 1 &
movements resembled that of a lion dance to
2).
welcome guests to the Chinese pavilion. The warm
spirit of this exquisite greeting touched the heart of
the visitor and it became one of those unforgettable
Picture 1 – Bridge poster in a gesture of goodwill
and desire for long-term friendship between the
two universities
moments that could not be erased from memory. It
was in the same vein that we wanted to greet our
guests from Soochow University, China here at
Kaichi International University.
It was about the same time a year earlier that we
greeted a group of students from the same
university (refer to Gorshkov & Lange, 2015). At
that time, with the backdrop of our university’s
previous
name
being
Nihonbashi
Photographed by Elizabeth Lange
Gakkan
University and its connection to the famous
historical Japanese Nihonbashi Bridge in the
middle of Tokyo (depicted in many post cards
In a gesture of goodwill and desire for long-term
friendship and just like two friends wearing one
piece each of a single pair of earrings, we made
this bridge poster and put corresponding logos and
‒
‒
2015 ࠰ 9 உ 23 ଐӖྸ
ᕽ߸‫׎↝↗ܖٻ‬ᨥʩ්↚᧙ↈ↺‫إ‬ԓ
*1 ∏∙⇔ ⇎∐⇜⇿⇟, J.
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖ⇪∞⇈∑∏⇿∐ܖٻ‬ᢿ
*2 ⇚∑⇝⇙⇻‒ ⇹⇕⇮∑
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖ⇪∞⇈∑∏⇿∐ܖٻ‬ᢿ‒
messages on the different halves respectively,
drawing pictures and decorating them with stickers
on our half of the poster for them before they
arrived; and, during the event, they did the same on
204
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
their half for us. Later, when formal speeches were
Chinese which originally inspired this festival in
given, the poster was ceremoniously cut in half –
different countries in Asia) celebrated yearly
their half for us and our half for them – with the
when two stars in the sky, represented in a legend
bridge of friendship on both halves, symbolizing a
as lovers, can meet and people celebrate by
long-lasting
writing their wishes on colorful strips of paper
friendship
between
the
two
and decorate bamboo branches with them1.
universities.
Picture 2 – Chinese students decorating their part
of the poster (21 July 2014)
With the courtesy of the Jackel and Co
(nicknames
for
our
most
valuable
grounds-and-events helpers on campus), two huge
bamboo branches from the nearby bamboo forest
on the university grounds were brought in to
decorate the back of the hall where we would meet.
On strips of colored paper, we put our tanabata
wishes up in advance – wishes, hopes and dreams
from the gatekeeper, librarians, office staff, and
teachers and students (see Picture 5).
Photographed by Ayumi Takahashi
Apart from that, during their short 2014 visit, the
Picture 4 – Trying on yukatas
special lecture hall where we gathered became a
hive
of
Japanese-culture-related
activities
–
calligraphy (see Picture 3), origami, trying on
yukatas for a photo op (Picture 4) and writing of
some messages on paper with an image of the
Nihonbashi Bridge on top. Thus, the friendship
between the two schools was established.
Picture 3 – Calligraphy experience for Soochow
University students (21 July 2014)
Photographed by Elizabeth Lange
Other than the tanabata-related activities, what
was new was that many of our students had
prepared friendship letters – all ready in special
envelopes to dear friend from Soochow University.
Kaichi students were provided with a template to
prepare their letters but many of them preferred to
arrange their original pieces of writing. They
Photographed by Ayumi Takahashi
mostly introduced themselves, wrote a few words
about their hometowns, hobbies, local food and
This year their visit fell at the timely time of the
Tanabata Star Festival (or Qixi Festival in
traditions popular in their culture. Many of the
students colored their letters with pictures and
205
‾⁓⁠⁙⁗≒‹⁡⁡⁤⁥⁚⁝⁡⁨≝※⁠⁦⁗⁤⁤⁠⁓⁦⁛⁡⁠⁓⁞‒‷⁕⁚⁓
⁓⁠⁙⁗‒⁩⁛⁦⁚‒⁅⁡⁡⁕⁚
⁚⁡⁩‒⁇⁠⁛⁨⁗⁤⁥⁛⁦
‒
added oriiginal drawinngs and deliightful differrent
nt so much time
t
in prepparing the ro
oom and
spen
kinds of oorigami speciially prepared for their ddear
activ
vities for theeir visit. Unffortunately, however,
h
Soochow
we
many
y Kaichi students were nnot able to attend the
collected a sufficient number of letters, mosstly
even
nt in person du
ue to prior coommitments or
o a class
written byy our first-yyear studentss, to match the
overrlap. Also, th
he arrival of our Soochow
w guests
number off Chinese visiitors.
was a bit delaayed due too traffic an
nd other
University
friends.
Altogether
A
Picture 5 – Tanabata wishes (17 Ju
uly 2015)
oreseen circum
mstances. W
With everythin
ng ready,
unfo
the bus
b finally arrived
a
and th
the guests (so
omewhat
tired
d as it was latter in the afte
ternoon than expected
and they had com
me after a ful
ull-day of sigh
htseeing)
wentt immediately to have luunch in the cafeteria
afterr jumping offf the bus. T
Their Kaichi schedule
was
quickly
revised
r
andd
Kaichi
teachers,
mmittee memb
bers and
Interrnational Excchange Com
P
Photographedd by Elizabeth Lange
studeents eagerly awaited theirr arrival in th
he events
room
m. One stu
udent who had perhap
ps never
It was planned thaat the Sooch
how Universsity
would rotate from
f
table to
o table doing the
students w
various acctivities to coomplete in turn – writing the
tanabata w
wishes and placing
p
them on the bambboo
branches, watching thee youtube vid
deo on tanabaata,
dressing uup in yukata,, doing origaami, and writting
expeerienced such
h an event beffore began to jump up
and down
d
all exciited.
Wh
hen they finallly arrived in the events ro
oom after
theirr late lunch, th
here was a shhort awkward
d moment
when
n they all lineed up on one side of the ro
oom with
us on
n the other. But
B the ice w
was soon brok
ken when
they were invited
d to sit at diffferent tables and
a then,
letters.
w
Presidennt Hideko Kitagaki’s
K
in conjunction with
Picture 6 – Envelopees used for the internatioonal
letter exchhange
welccome speech in English, were asked to stand
one by one and say
s their nam
me and majorr and any
mselves. It was
w very
otherr short details about them
interresting to leearn about tthe various different
courrses they weree studying. A
After that, when it was
anno
ounced
that
our
studdents
had
prepared
frien
ndship letterss for them, tthere were automatic
a
rebounding soun
nds of gleee, followed by an
osphere of ex
xcitement whhen they weree offered
atmo
the opportunity
o
to
t respond. T
The next min
nute, the
studeents all simu
ultaneously juumped up, grabbed
g
a
letterr and a sheet of paper to rreply on and set about
Photographedd by Victor Go
orshkov
reading and respo
onding to thee letters – all absorbed
y completelyy usurped ourr idea of
(Pictture 7). They
It was im
mpressive thaat some Kaicchi students hhad
plann
ned and ordeerly rotation oof events – with
w their
206
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
good wisdom yet to our delight.
what surpassed all beginnings was the returning of
the letters from the Soochow students and teachers!
Picture 7 – Soochow students writing replies
Hands were outstretched as they were passed one
by one to their respective recipients each in a
special return envelope. The Kaichi students
carefully took them out, and unfolded what might
have been their first such letter from someone of
another nationality and in a foreign language. Most
had been written in English, and a few were a
mixture of languages – English, Japanese, and
Photographed by Ayumi Takahashi
Chinese, if not all in Chinese characters – much to
the delight of the Chinese students studying at
We had to rush around distributing more pens and
paper to the various tables. Soon the room was
Kaichi but who suddenly had the task of conveying
the messages of the letters and poems alike.
alive with enthusiasm and involvement – with the
various cultural activities and English letter writing.
Picture 8 – Some letters from Soochow students
In a very short time, our letterbox was filled with
friendship letters – one from each of the students,
assistants and teachers from Soochow University.
With great anticipation, we had a quick look at
them before passing them onto our students – each
in a special envelope. The letters included thanks to
the President for her welcome speech; reflections
on their impressions of Japan such the friendliness
and helpfulness of local people, delicious local
Photographed by Ayumi Takahashi
food, the convenience of the transportation system,
and the shockingly clean city environment (e.g. “…
Soon students huddled around in groups picking
it was so clean and I even don’t have to clean my
up the various copies of all the friendship letters
shoes”); drawings of various sorts especially
made available for sharing and there was no
anime; responses of delight to the letter contents
distracting them as they were engrossed with
from our students including the little gifts they had
exchange of banter full of intriguing observations
enclosed such as the origami and manga drawings;
and questions about their contents. Right on task,
replies to questions; and various electronic
however, one student slipped out his smart phone
platforms to continue future correspondence and
and began typing in the long reply address that his
friendship. A lot of Soochow students wrote about
friendship letter counterpart had supplied him with
Japanese anime sharing their favorite anime
but was disconcerted when with several attempts it
characters and asking related questions to Kaichi
was returned as a non-address!! Trying to hide his
students.
disappointment he was rescued when a classmate
In fact, with the start of the new fall semester,
from China kindly pointed out that he had mistaken
‾⁓⁠⁙⁗≒‹⁡⁤⁥⁚⁝⁡⁨≝※⁠⁦⁗⁤⁠⁓⁦⁛⁡⁠⁓⁞‒‷⁕⁚⁓⁠⁙⁗‒⁩⁛⁦⁚‒⁅⁡⁡⁕⁚⁡⁩‒⁇⁠⁛⁨⁗⁤⁥⁛⁦‒
207
the handwritten qq for 99 and, with a new attempt,
exchanges, this time between Japan and China (the
was satisfied after checking several times that
first set being between Australia and Japan, the
finally the message to connect with his new friend
second between Japan and Laos – after his
in China must have gotten through!
spontaneous and heartfelt letter “To my dear
As an overall impression, the students were very
enthusiastic about taking part in this letter writing
Japanese friends” (see Lange, 2011 for further
details).
project and appeared to enjoy the opportunity to
express themselves in this real need for language
exchange for friendship and learning about another
culture through English. It certainly provided a
framework for active, interactive and cross-cultural
㸯
For details, please refer to The Weaver Girl and the
Cowherd piece of artwork in the Long Corridor of the
Summer Palace in Beijing depicting this meeting when
magpies so lovingly spanned their wings together to form
a bridge across a river so the lovers could meet.
language learning as an example of integrative
motivation under the umbrella setting of the
Soochow University visit (see Gorshkov & Lange,
Notes
1.
2015).
As a Soochow University student aptly wrote in
his letter, “…Today, we come here – your
university, to become a bridge between China and
2.
Japan. I hope to be friends with you and learn
about each other more these days.”
3.
4.
Acknowledgments
The authors express their sincere gratitude to the
The first International Exchange Program between
Kaichi International University, Japan (former
Nihonbashi Gakkan University) and Soochow
University, China was organized on 21 July 2014
following the signing of the official exchange
agreement between the two universities. (For more
details on this program, please refer to Gorshkov &
Lange, 2015.)
The second International Exchange Program between
Kaichi International University (Japan) and Soochow
University (China) was organized on 17 July 2015.
More photos of the two exchange program events can
be found by visiting Kaichi International University’s
official homepage and Facebook account.
This paper is prepared within the framework of the
2015 Kaichi International University Research Budget
Funding “Activating Students’ English Skills through
International Letter Exchange Writing.”
university staff members, International Exchange
Committee members and all those people involved
who helped with the organization of these
International Exchange Programs. Our special
thanks go to Ms. Ayumi Takahashi who kindly
provided some pictures for our publication. We
also thank Ms. Hong Zi, coordinator for Student
Training and Student Exchange, Undergraduate
Academic Affairs Office, Soochow University, for
her assistance and help in getting permission to
apply photos and letters for the purposes of this
publication.
The authors also wish to thank an Australian
student at the Maisie Kaufmann Learning Centre in
Maryborough, Queensland, Australia for inspiring
yet another set of international dear friend letter
References
1. Gorshkov, V., & Lange, E. (2015). Motivating factors
in bridging English communication and international
understanding. Nihonbashi Gakkan University
Bulletin, 14, 107-119.
2. Lange, E. (2011). Process writing as applied to
international letter exchanges through Teachers
Helping Teachers (THT). Teachers Helping Teachers:
The Proceedings of 2011 Conferences, Seminars and
Workshops.75-91. Kobe, THT. ISBN 4-931-42432-5
C3482
http://tht-japan.org/publications/2010/075_091_lange.
pdf
209
຿߷̲ԍ≝‫ܖ‬ᘐЈ༿↚↭↓↾↺ᜂ˺ಅ↝ᩓ‫↚҄܇‬๼↯ᨋᆱ
↌↝˂
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌
‫ܖ‬ᘐЈ༿↚↭↓↾↺ᜂ˺ಅ↝ᩓ‫↚҄܇‬๼↯ᨋᆱ‒
‒
⃬ᄂᆮ૙Ꮛᎍ↝ᙻໜⅺ↸үೞሥྸ↝࣏ᙲࣱ⇁ᚫⅷ↺⃬‒
຿߷‒ ̲ԍ≍‣‒
ମʻ≏≬≦≷↝ᡶഩ↗୍ӏ↞᫠៫ႎ↖ⅱ↹≏‫ܖ‬ᘐЈ༿↝Ў᣼↖↱↌↻↞̊‫↙↞↖ٳ‬ⅳⅻ≏Мࣱ̝
↝ऍऔ↚ⅱ↉ⅺ↺ɟ૾≏ɧࣛ↙˳᬴⇁ↆ↎ᎍ↱‫↙ݲ‬ⅾ↙ⅳ↞↉↖ⅱ↺⅛ஜᆜ↞≏૨ᇘఄദ⇪∞∑
↝ฆʏ↳ช˄⇻⇇⇊∑↚↷↺Ҿᆜ↝ᛚᡛ≏⇷⇟∕∞⇯ೞᏡ˄ⅼ≸≶≥∇∈∐↝ɧφӳ↚᧙ↆ≏ᅶ
ⅻᄂᆮ૙Ꮛᎍ↗ↆ↕ኺ᬴ↆ↎‫ڂ‬૗ʙ̊⇁↭↗↰↎↱↝↖ⅱ↺⅛≬≦≷↝ᡶഩ↚‫ܖ↎ↆࣖݣ‬ᘐЈ༿
↝࿢‫ڂ≏↞↚↰↎↝ͳૢؾ‬૗ⅺ↸‫࣏↥ܖ‬ᙲⅻⅱ↺↗ᎋⅷ↺ⅺ↸↖ⅱ↺⅛‒
äääääääääääääääääääää ⇓∞∕∞⇯ ääääääääääääääääääää
‫ܖ‬ᘐЈ༿‒ ૨ᇘఄദ⇪∞∑‒ ⇭∞⇥ᛚᡛ‒ ⇷⇟∕∞⇯ೞᏡ˄ ⁇⁅‴ ∇∈∐‒ ⇭∞⇥↝үೞሥྸ‒
㸯.ၥ㢟ࡢᡤᅾ
ࡑࢀࡇࡑ㹇㹁㹒(Information and Communication Technology)ࡢ฼౽ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࠸࠼ࡤᯛᣲ
“◊✲ᩍ⫱⪅ࡀ㸪ࡑࡢே⏕࡟࠾࠸࡚᭱ࡶ㛗ࡃྥ
࡟㐦ࡀ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ⚾⮬㌟㸪ᩥ⊩ࡢ㟁Ꮚ໬ཬ
ࡁྜ࠺ࡶࡢࡣఱ࠿”࡜࠸࠺῝㐲࡞ၥ࠸࡟ᑐࡋ㸪᫖
ࡧබ㛤஦ᴗࡢᜠᜨ࡟ᾎࡋ㸪㈗㔜࡞ྐᩱࢆ⮬Ꮿࡢࣃ
௒ࡢᡃࠎࡀ㩳⭺↓ࡃ⟅࠼ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪࠾ࡑࡽࡃ“ࣃ
ࢯࢥ࡛ࣥ㜀ぴࡋ࡞ࡀࡽㄽᩥࢆᇳ➹ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺㸪࠿
ࢯࢥࣥࡢ⏬㠃”ࡣ᭱᭷ຊࡢೃ⿵࡜࡞ࢁ࠺ࠋㄽᩥࡸ
ࡘ࡚ࡢ◊✲⎔ቃ࡜ẚࡍࡿ࡟ክࡢࡼ࠺࡞య㦂ࢆࡋ
ᩍᮦ㸪ᥦฟ᭩㢮➼ࡢᩥ᭩సᡂ࡟࡜࡝ࡲࡽࡎ㸪ㄪᰝ
ࡓࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡿ(1)ࠋࡋ࠿ࡶ㸪ࡑࡢㄽᩥࡶ CiNii ➼࡛
࡟㏻ಙ㸪Ẽศ㌿᥮➼ࠎ㸪ࣃࢯࢥࣥ࡜࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵ
࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺୖ࡟බ㛤ࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠼ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࡇࢀ
ࢺࡀ◊✲ᩍ⫱άືࡢ฼౽ᛶࢆ㣕㌍ⓗ࡟㧗ࡵ࡚ࡃ
ࢆぢࡓㄞ⪅ࡀឤ᝿ࢆࣈࣟࢢ࡟ᥖ㍕ࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿ࡜
ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ␲࠺వᆅࡢ↓࠸஦ᐇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௒ࡸ
࠸࠺㸪ᐇ࡟Ꮀࡋ࠸⤒㦂ࡶࡉࡏ࡚㡬࠸ࡓ(2)ࠋ⚾ࡀึ
ᡃࠎࡣ㸪᪑ࡢ✵࠿ࡽ࡛ࡶ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ࡟ࡉ࠼ࡘ
ࡵ࡚ㄽᩥࢆබหࡋࡓ 12 ᖺ࡯࡝๓ࡣ㸪ࡍ࡛࡟ࣃࢯ
࡞ࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࢀࡤ㸪Ꮫ⏕ࡢ㉁ၥ࡬ࡢᛂᑐࡶ㸪኱Ꮫࡢ
ࢥࣥࡶ࠿࡞ࡾᬑཬࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡀ㸪ࡑࢀ࡛ࡶཎ✏ࡢᥦ
஦ົᒁࡸฟ∧♫࡜ࡢᡴࡕྜࢃࡏࡶྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡗࡓ
ฟ࡟㝿ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ࡴࡋࢁࢹ࣮ࢱࡢグ㘓፹య࡛࠶ࡿࣇ
ࡋ㸪㹍㹎㸿㹁㸦Online Public Access Catalog㸧
ࣟࢵࣆ࣮ࢹ࢕ࢫࢡࡣῧ࠼ࡶࡢ࡟㐣ࡂࡎ㸪⣬࡟༳ๅ
ࡢᬑཬ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ᅗ᭩㤋࡟฿╔ࡍࡿࡸክ୰࡛ᩥ⊩࢝
ࡋࡓཎ✏ࡀᚲせ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࡢࡀᙜ↛࡛࠶ࡗࡓ(3)ࠋ࡯
࣮ࢻࢆࡵࡃࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
࡝࡞ࡃࡋ࡚༳ๅ⣬࡜ࣇࣟࢵࣆ࣮ࢹ࢕ࢫࢡ཮᪉ࡢ
2015 ࠰ 9 உ 21 ଐӖྸ
Consideration about unexpected traps accompanying with
computerization of the working process in scholarly publication.
*1 Shugo Takigawa
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖ⇪∞⇈∑∏⇿∐ ‒ܖٻ‬ᢿ
ᥦฟࢆồࡵࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾ㸪ᙜᝨࡍࡿᣦᑟᩍᤵ
ࡢ௦ࢃࡾ࡟ᡭ᭩ࡁཎ✏ࢆࢹ࣮ࢱ໬ࡋ㸪ᗘࠎ㸪㇦⳹
ࣛࣥࢳࢆᚚ㥅㉮࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡶ㸪௒࡛ࡣ᠜࠿ࡋ࠸᝿
࠸ฟ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
210
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
࡜࡟ࡶ࠿ࡃ࡟ࡶࡇࡢ 10 ᖺ࡯࡝࡛㸪ㄪᰝ㸪ᇳ➹
⯡໬ࡉࢀࡓඹ㏻㡯┠ࡢࣃ࣮ࢭࣥࢸ࣮ࢪࡢ㧗ࡉࢆ
࠿ࡽ༳ๅ㸪ห⾜㸪㈍኎࡟࠸ࡓࡿࡲ࡛ࡢࡍ࡭࡚ࡢฟ
♧ࡍࡇ࡜ࡼࡾࡶ㸪ࡸࡣࡾᐇ㝿࡟୍ᐃࡢὀពࢆᡶ࠸
∧࡟ࡲࡘࢃࡿㅖసᴗ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪㟁Ꮚ໬ࡣࡵࡲࡄࡿ
࡞ࡀࡽࡶⓎ⏕ࡋࡓၥ㢟ࢆ㸪ಶูලయⓗ࡟⤂௓ࡍࡿ
ࡋ࠸ࢫࣆ࣮ࢻ࡛㐍⾜࣭ᣑ኱ࡋ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࠋ㹇㹁㹒ࡢ
⤒㦂ㄽ࡟ࡇࡑ᭷⏝ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡶࡢ࡜ᛮᩱࡉࢀࡿࠋ
฼౽ᛶࡣ୓ேࡢㄆࡵࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡶࡕࢁࢇ⚾
ࡑࡇ࡛௒ᅇࡣ㸪ࡲࡎᩥ❶ᰯṇࢶ࣮ࣝ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ஦
ࡶࡇࢀ⮬యࢆྰᐃࡍࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ฟ
౛㸪ḟ࡟࣓࣮ࣝࡢῧ௜ࣇ࢓࢖ࣝᶵ⬟ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓཎ✏
∧≀ࡀᇳ➹⪅࡜⦅㞟⪅㸪」ᩘேࡢඹྠసᴗ࡛ࡘࡃ
ࡢࡸࡾ࡜ࡾ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ஦౛㸪᭱ᚋ࡟ࣃࢫ࣮࣡ࢻᶵ⬟
ࡽࢀࡿᐟ࿨࡟࠶ࡿ௨ୖ㸪ࡑࡇ࡟ࡣ㸪ࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ㛵ಀ
௜ࡁ㹓㹑㹀࣓ࣔࣜ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ஦౛࡟ࡘࡁ㸪࠸ࡃࡘ࠿
⪅ࡀ㆙ᡄࡍ࡭ࡁ㸪ᜍࡿ࡭ࡁ㝗✶ࡀ₯ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ࡜࠸
ࡢ⚾ࡢኻᩋㄯࢆ⤂௓ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ྥᚋࡉࡽ࡞
࠼ࡿࠋ
ࡿ㐍ᒎࡀண᝿ࡉࢀࡿ㹇㹁㹒࡟౫ᣐࡋࡓᏛ⾡ฟ∧
㹇㹁㹒ࢆ㥑౑ࡋࡓฟ∧㐣⛬࡛ࡣ㸪」ᩘࡢே㛫ࡀ
࡟ࡲࡘࢃࡿㅖసᴗ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ᡃࠎ࡟ồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸
」ᩘࡢࣃࢯࢥࣥࢆ⏝࠸㸪୍ࡘࡢᩥ᭩ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆࡸࡾ
ࡿࡶࡢࡀఱ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄽࡌࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡋ
࡜ࡾࡋ࡚㸪᭱⤊ⓗ࡟༳ๅ࣭ห⾜࡟₈ࡂ╔ࡅࡿࡇ࡜
ࡓ࠸ࠋ
࡟࡞ࡿࠋ௬࡟㸪ᙜ஦⪅ࡀྠࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ㹇㹒ࢫ࢟ࣝࢆ
ᣢࡕ㸪ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞ືస⎔ቃࡢࣃࢯࢥࣥࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿ
࡞ࡽࡤ㸪ࡇࡇ࡛ࡉࡋࡓࡿၥ㢟ࡣ㉳ࡇࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ࠿ࡶ
㸰㸬ᩥ❶ᰯṇࢶ࣮ࣝ࡟ࡼࡿΰ஘
ࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪⌧ᐇ࡟ࡣࡇࢀࡽࡀ୙ᥞ࠸㸪༊ࠎ
ࡇࡇ࡛࠸࠺ᩥ❶ᰯṇࢶ࣮ࣝ࡜ࡣ㸪ᇳ➹⪅ࡀពᅗ
࡛࠶ࡿ࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎ㸪ࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡲࡾព㆑ࡉ
ࡏࡎ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓㄗኚ᥮ࡸㄗᏐ㸪ᩥἲୖࡢ࣑ࢫ
ࢀࡎ࡟ㅖసᴗࡣῐࠎ࡜㐍ࡵࡽࢀࡿࡢࡀ⌧≧࡜࠸
ࢆࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࡀᣦ᦬ࡋ㸪㐺ṇ໬ࡍ࡭ࡃᑟ࠸࡚ࡃ
࠼ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪୍᪉࡛㹇㹒࡟⩦⇍ࡋࡓ⪅࠿ࡽࡍࢀ
ࢀࡿࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡇࢀ࡟ࡣ࣮࣡ࣉࣟ
ࡤᖖ㆑ⓗ࡞஦᯶ࡶ㸪௚᪉࡛୙័ࢀ࡞⪅࠿ࡽࡍࢀࡤ
ࢯࣇࢺࡢᶵ⬟࡜ࡋ࡚⤌ࡳ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡸ㸪㹕
ᮍ▱ࡢ㡿ᇦ࡜࡞ࡾ㸪ࡑࡇ࡟ᛮࢃࡠ⾜ࡁ㐪࠸ࡀ⏕ࡌ
㹃㹀ୖ࡛බ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡞࡝ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ(4)ࠋ
ࡿࠋ㑇᠍࡞ࡀࡽ⚾࡟ࡣ㸪㹇㹁㹒ࡢᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞▱㆑ࡀ
ᡃࠎ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚᭱ࡶ㌟㏆࡞ලయ౛ࡣ㸪ࡸࡣࡾ Micro
࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ࡴࡋࢁ୙័ࢀ࡞ഃࡢ୍◊✲
-soft Office ࡢ࢔ࣉࣜࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡟࠶ࡿࠕࢫ࣌ࣝ
ᩍ⫱⪅ࡔ࠿ࡽࡇࡑ㸪ࡇࡢၥ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᥦゝࡍ࡭ࡁ
ࢳ࢙ࢵࢡ࡜ᩥ❶ᰯṇ࡛ࠖ࠶ࢁ࠺(5)ࠋ࠸࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞
࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡃ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡣே㛫ࡀ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺సᴗ࡟ࡘࡁࡶࡢ࡛࠶
ࡑࡢ㝿㸪ࡲࡎࡶࡗ࡚᝿㉳ࡉࢀࡿ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ᪉ἲ
ࡿㄗ᳜ࡢ㢮ࢆ㸪ᶵᲔ࡞ࡽ࡛ࡣࡢṇ☜↓ẚࡉ࡟ࡼࡗ
ࡣ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺ࡞࡝࡟ࡼࡿィ㔞ⓗ࣭⤫ィⓗ࡞ศᯒ࡛
࡚ᅇ㑊࡛ࡁࡿ㸪ᮏ᮶࡞ࡽࡤᴟࡵ࡚᭷⏝࡞ࢶ࣮࡛ࣝ
࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇ㸪ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ◊✲ࡢ᭷⏝ᛶࢆྰᐃ
࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࡇ࡟ࡣᛮࢃࡠⴠ࡜ࡋ✰ࡀ₯ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡣࡋ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ࡑࡇ࡛ࡣᩘከࡢ஦౛࡟ඹ㏻㡯ࢆタᐃ
ࡲࡎࡣ㸪⚾ࡀయ㦂ࡋࡓᩥ❶ᰯṇࢶ࣮ࣝ࡟ࡲࡘࢃࡿ
ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪ᑠ␗ࡣ኱ྠ࡜ࡉࢀ㸪ಶูࡢ㎸ࡳධࡗ
஧ࡘࡢࢺࣛࣈࣝࢆ⤂௓ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ
ࡓ஦᝟ࡣ๭ឡࢆవ൤࡞ࡃࡉࢀࡼ࠺ࠋࡑࡢⅬ㸪ᮏ✏
᭱ึࡢ஦౛ࡣ㸪࠾࠾ࡼࡑ㸶ᖺ๓࡟ඹⴭ࡛᭩⡠ࢆ
ࡢ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡣ㸪࠸ࢃࡤ⤒㦂ㄽ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽ㸪ヲ⣽
ᇳ➹ࡋࡓ㝿ࡢฟ᮶஦࡛㸪ලయⓗ࡟ࡣ⛅ᒣ࿴ᏹ┘ಟ
࠿ࡘලయⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ཯㠃㸪୍⯡ᛶࡸᐈほᛶ࡟ஈࡋ࠸
ࠗᑠἨ๻ሙ༓⛅ᴦ㸫Ⓨゝຊ㸲㸫࠘
㸦୕࿴᭩⡠㸪2008
࡜ࡢᢈุࢆචࢀ࡞࠸࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪㹇㹁㹒࡟
ᖺ㸰᭶㸧ࡢห⾜࡟࠾࠸࡚࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋྠ᭩ࡣ㸪᫬஦
㛵ࡍࡿ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࡢ▱㆑࡜༴ᶵព㆑࡜࠸࠺ࡢ࡛࠶
ၥ㢟ࢆ❶❧࡚ࡋ࡚ಶู࡟ྲྀࡾୖࡆ㸪ࡑࡢ⫼ᬒࡸ⤒
ࢀࡤ㸪஦ᐇ㸪ࡍ࡛࡟኱༙ࡢ◊✲ᩍ⫱⪅ࡀᣢࡗ࡚࠸
⦋➼࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᴫㄝࢆࡋࡓᚋ㸪ࡇࢀ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᨻ἞ᐙ
ࡿ➻࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪ࡑ࠺࡛࠶ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽࡶ㉳ࡁ࡚
ࡢࠕⓎゝࠖࢆ᪂⪺➼࠿ࡽ」ᩘᘬ⏝ࡋ㸪᫬஦ၥ㢟࡜
ࡋࡲ࠺ၥ㢟࡟ᑐࡍࡿ༴ᶵព㆑ࢆႏ㉳ࡍࡿ࡟ࡣ㸪୍
ࡢ㛵㐃ࡸᙜ᫬ࡢ♫఍≧ἣ➼ࢆࡩࡲ࠼࡚ゎㄝࡍࡿ
211
຿߷̲ԍ≝‫ܖ‬ᘐЈ༿↚↭↓↾↺ᜂ˺ಅ↝ᩓ‫↚҄܇‬๼↯ᨋᆱ
ࢫࢱ࢖ࣝࢆ࡜ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⚾ࡣ㸪ྠ᭩ࡢ୰࡛୺
ࡼ࠺࡞ࢺࣛࣈࣝࡣ㉳ࡇࡽ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀ㸪㸱ᖺ࡯࡝๓
࡟ࠕ33 ໭ᮅ㩭ၥ㢟㸦pp204-216㸧ࠖࢆᢸᙜࡋ㸪ᙜ
࡟㸪ࡸࡣࡾᩥ❶ᰯṇࢶ࣮ࣝࡀཎᅉ࡜࠾ࡰࡋࡁ㸪୙
᫬㸪ୡ㛫ࡢ㛵ᚰࡀ᭱㧗₻࡟ࡓ࠿ࡲࡾ㸪ෆᨻ࡟ࡲ࡛
ྍゎ࡞⌧㇟࡟㐼㐝ࡋࡓࠋḟ࡞ࡿ஦౛ࡣ㸪࠶ࡿ㔜せ
ᙉ࠸ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ࠿ࡡ࡞࠸እ஺ၥ㢟࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸
࡞ヨ㦂ၥ㢟ࡢసᡂ୰࡟㉳ࡇࡗࡓࢺࣛࣈ࡛ࣝ㸪ᚋ
ࡓ໭ᮅ㩭࡟ࡼࡿᢼ⮴⿕ᐖࡸ㸪᰾ཬࡧ࣑ࢧ࢖ࣝ㛤Ⓨ
᪥㸪㐣ཤၥ㞟࡜࠸࠺ᙧ࡛බหࡉࢀࡿᩥ᭩࡟ࡣ㐪࠸
➼࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᇳ➹ࡋࡓ(6)ࠋ
࡞࠸ࡀ㸪㏻ᖖࡢฟ∧㐣⛬࡛ࡢฟ᮶஦࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋᮏ
ࡑࡢ㝿࡟Ⓨ⏕ࡋࡓࢺࣛࣈࣝ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ㸪⚾ࡀᥦ
௳࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ᙜ↛㸪Ᏺ⛎⩏ົࢆక࠺ࡓࡵ㸪࠶ࡾ
ฟཎ✏࡟࠾࠸࡚ㄞⅬ࡛⾲グࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ⟠ᡤࡢ୍㒊
ࡢࡲࡲࡢヲ⣽࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ᫂࠿ࡏ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ࡑࡇ࡛⏕
ࡀ㸪࡞ࡐ࠿ึᰯ࡛ࡣྃⅬ࡟ᕪࡋ᭰ࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡾ㸪
ࡌࡓ஧ࡘࡢ⌧㇟࡟ࡘࡁ㸪ᕪࡋ㞀ࡾࡢ࡞࠸ᙧ࡛⤂௓
ྠࡌࡃ₎Ꮠ⾲グࡀᖹ௬ྡ࡟ኚ᥮ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡾ㸦࠶
ࢆࡋࡓ࠸(7)ࠋ
ࡿ࠸ࡣࡑࢀࡽࡢ㏫ࡶ࠶ࡗࡓ㸧㸪࡜࠸ࡗࡓ㢮࠸ࡢࡶ
ࡲࡎ୍ࡘ┠ࡣ㸪㑅ᢥၥ㢟࡟࠾ࡅࡿㄒ⩌ࡢ୍㒊
ࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋືࡶࡍࡿ࡜ல⣽࡞ၥ㢟࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿ࠿
ࡀ㸪సၥ⪅ࡀ⏝ពࡋࡓ༢ㄒࡢྠ⩏ㄒ࡟຾ᡭ࡟⨨ࡁ
ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ᩥ୰ࡢⓎゝ㒊ศࡣ㸪᪂⪺グ஦࠿ࡽ
᥮ࢃࡿ࡜࠸࠺㦫ࡃ࡭ࡁ⌧㇟࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤᥦฟ
ࡢࠕᘬ⏝ࠖ࡟࠶ࡓࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࡓ࡜࠼Ꮠྃࢆᕪࡋ᭰࠼
ཎ✏࡛ࡣ“primus inter pares”࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡶࡢ
ࡓ᪉ࡀ᪥ᮏㄒ⾲⌧࡜ࡋ࡚㐺ษ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪
ࡀ㸪ึᰯ࡛ࡣ“prime minister”࡟⨨ࡁ᥮ࢃࡗ࡚࠸
຾ᡭ࡟ࡇࢀࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠼ࡤࠕᨵ❠ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞
ࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࢣ࣮ࢫ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡣ㸪࠶ࡿタၥࡢ
ࡾ࠿ࡡ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡇ࡛㸪ࡲࡎࡣఱே࠿ࡢඹⴭ⪅࡟┦
ᩥ❶ࡀ㸪ࡸࡣࡾ௻ᅗࡏࡎྠࡌฟ㢟ᙧᘧࢆ࡜ࡿูࡢ
ㄯࡋ㸪ྠᵝࡢ⌧㇟ࡀ㉳ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓୖ
タၥࡢᩥ❶࡜㸪ࡑࡗࡃࡾࡑࡢࡲࡲᕪࡋ᭰ࢃࡿ࡜࠸
࡛ฟ∧♫࡟஦᝟ࢆၥ࠸ྜࢃࡏ࡚ࡳࡓࠋᬻࡋ࠶ࡗ࡚
ேࡢ⦅㞟ᢸᙜ⪅ࡀ㸪ᑓ㛛᭩࡞ࡽࡠ୍⯡᭩࡞ࡽࡤၥ
࠺⌧㇟࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤᥦฟཎ✏࡛ࡣ“…᭱ࡶ㐺
㸬㸬
ษ࡞ไᗘࢆ࠼ࡽࡧ࡞ࡉ࠸ࠋ”࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓၥ㢟ᩥࡀ㸪
㸬㸬
ึᰯ࡛ࡣ௚࡛㢖⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ“…᭱ࡶ㐺ษ࡞ࡶࡢ
㢟ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࡜࠸࠺ㄆ㆑࡛㸪ࡴࡋࢁⰋ࠿ࢀ࡜ᛮ
ࢆ࠼ࡽࡧ࡞ࡉ࠸ࠋ”࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟ᩥ࡟⨨ࡁ᥮ࢃࡗ࡚
࠸㸪ࣃࢯࢥࣥࡢᩥ❶ᰯṇࢶ࣮ࣝ࡞ࡿࡶࡢࢆ౑⏝ࡋ
࠸ࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࢣ࣮ࢫ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓ࡜ࡢㄝ࡛᫂࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
༳ๅ⣬ཬࡧᥦฟࡋࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ≧ἣ࠿ࡽᮏ௳ࢆ
ࡇࢀࡀ⚾࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪ࡇࡢ✀ࡢࢺࣛࣈࣝ࡜㐼㐝
᳨ドࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ㸪」ᩘࡢጤဨ
ࡋࡓ᭱ึࡢࢣ࣮ࢫ࡛㸪ᙜ᫬ࡣࡲࡔᩥ❶ᰯṇࢶ࣮ࣝ
࡛సᡂࡋࡓヨ㦂ၥ㢟࡟⤫୍ឤࢆࡶࡓࡏࡿࡓࡵ࡟
ࡢᶵ⬟࡝ࡇࢁ࠿㸪Ꮡᅾࡍࡽ▱ࡽ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡓࡵ㸪ࡲ
㈐௵⪅ࡀ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓసᴗࡢ୰࡛Ⓨ⏕ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛
ࡗࡓࡃࡶࡗ࡚⌮ゎ୙⬟࡞ႚ㦫ࡍ࡭ࡁฟ᮶஦࡟ឤ
࠶ࡗࡓࠋฟ㢟ጤဨ࡜ࡋ࡚᭱ࡶ㔜㈐ࢆᢸ࠺㈐௵⪅
ࡌࡽࢀࡓࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪຾ᡭ࡟ᇳ➹⪅ࡢពᅗࡋ࡞࠸
ࡀ㸪ᙜ↛㸪ᨾព࡟ΰ஘ࢆᣍࡃࡼ࠺࡞ᨵ⦅ࢆࡋ࡚⮬
ᩥ❶⾲⌧࡟ኚ᭦ࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓ࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎ㸪
ࡽ቎✰ࢆ᥀ࡿࢃࡅࡀ࡞ࡃ㸪඲ࡃ㌟࡟ぬ࠼ࡀ࡞࠸ᵝ
ࡇࢀࡽࡣㄗ᳜➼࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ㸪ึᰯ༢య࡟࠶࠿ࡽ
Ꮚ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ࠾ࡑࡽࡃ࣮࣡ࣉࣟࢯࣇࢺ࡟ෆⶶࡉࢀ
ࡉࡲ࡞㐪࿴ឤࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡴࡋࢁ⮬↛࡟ㄞࡵ࡚ࡋࡲ
࡚࠸ࡿ༢ㄒࡢ⨨᥮ᶵ⬟࠶ࡓࡾ࡟ཎᅉࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛
࠺ࠋࡘࡲࡾࡣⴭస⪅ᮏே࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ㸪ᰯṇ࡛ཎ✏
ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜᥎ᐹࡉࢀ㸪ᮏ᮶࡞ࡽࡤ㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⏬୍
࡜ึᰯ࡜ࡢ↷ྜࢆ⢭ᐦ࡟࠾ࡇ࡞ࢃ࡞࠸㝈ࡾ㸪Ⓨぬ
ᛶࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿసᴗ࡟⏝࠸ࡿ࡟ࡣ᭱㐺࡞ᶵ⬟࡛
ࡀࡁࢃࡵ࡚ᅔ㞴࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡟㸪࠼ࡶ࠸ࢃࢀࡠ୙Ẽ࿡
࠶ࡗࡓ➻࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡜ࡇࢁࡀ㸪௒ᅇࡣ࠶ࡿ஦᝟࡟ࡼ
ࡉࢆឤࡌࡓḟ➨࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞࠾㸪ᮏ௳࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪
ࡾ㸪୍ࡘ┠࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣṇゎࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡀ࡞࠸タၥ㸪
ฟ∧♫ഃࡀ㎿㏿࠿ࡘ㐺ษ࡞ᑐᛂࢆࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡓࡓ
஧ࡘ┠࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣゎ⟅⪅࡟ΰ஘ࢆᣍࡁ࠿ࡡ࡞࠸
ࡵ㸪஦࡞ࡁࢆᚓࡓࠋ
୙⮬↛࡞タၥ࡟㸪༴࠺ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࡜ࡇࢁ࡛࠶
ࡑࡢᚋࡋࡤࡽࡃࡣ㸪ᖾ࠸࡟ࡋ࡚⚾ࡢ║๓࡛ྠࡌ
ࡗࡓࠋ
ฟ∧♫࠿ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓᅇ⟅ࡣ㸪ධ♫ࡋࡓࡤ࠿ࡾࡢ᪂
212
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
ࡇࡢ஦౛ࡶ㸪ࡸࡣࡾ୙⮬↛࡞ㄗ᳜➼࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡓ
ࡵ㸪༳ๅ⣬ࢆ༢య࡛ධᛕ࡟═ࡵ࡚ࡶࢺࣛࣈࣝ࡟ࡣ
㸱㸬ཎ✏ࡢ࣓࣮ࣝ㏦ಙ࡜ㄗ㏦ࡢᜍᛧ
Ẽ௜ࡁ࡙ࡽ࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡶཎ✏ᥦฟ࡟࠶ࡓࡾ㸪ࡍ࡛࡟
ධᛕ࡟☜ㄆసᴗࢆࡋࡓసၥ⪅ᮏே࠿ࡽࡍࢀࡤ㸪ᙜ
⌧௦ࡢ㧗ᗘ᝟ሗ㏻ಙ♫఍ࢆ⏕ࡁࡿᡃࠎ࡟࡜ࡗ
↛㸪ၥ㢟ࡣ࡞࠸➻࡜࠸࠺ඛධほࡀᙉ࠸ࡓࡵ㸪࡞࠾
࡚㸪࠸ࡲࡉࡽ࣓࣮ࣝࡢ฼౽ᛶ࡟␗㆟ࢆ࡜࡞࠼ࡿ⪅
ࡉࡽ⮬ศ࡛Ẽ௜ࡃࡇ࡜ࡣᅔ㞴࡜࠸࠼ࡿࠋᐇ㝿࡟ࡇ
ࡣⓙ↓࡜࠸ࡗ࡚ࡶ㐣ゝ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡲ࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ྠ
ࢀࡽࡢḞ㝗ࡣูࡢጤဨ࠿ࡽࡢᣦ᦬࡟ࡼࡗ࡚Ⓨぬ
᫬࡟࣓࣮࡛ࣝ୙ᛌ࡞⤒㦂ࢆࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡢ࡞࠸ே㛫
ࡋࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚㸪஧ࡘ┠࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ୕ᰯ࠶ࡓࡾ࡛
ࡶⓙ↓࡜࠸ࡗ࡚ࡼ࠸࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࡋ㸪ᜍࢁࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜
ࡼ࠺ࡸࡃᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ㸪ఱ࡜࠿ᰯṇసᴗ୰࡟ಟṇࡍࡿ
࡟㸪᫬࡜ࡋ࡚࣓࣮ࣝࡣேࢆṚ࡟ࡍࡽㄏ࠺ࡼ࠺࡛࠶
ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡋࡔ࠸࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୍ࡘࡢᩥ᭩ࢆ」ᩘே
ࡿࠋᩍ⫱⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ࡳࢀࡤ㸪ࡇࡇ࡟ࡣ┳㐣ࡋࡀࡓ࠸
ࡀඹྠ࡛సࡾୖࡆࡿసᴗࡺ࠼࡟Ⓨ⏕ࡋࡓࢺࣛࣈ
኱ၥ㢟ࡀ↓ᩘ࡟₯ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ᮏ✏࡛ࡣࡑࢀࡽ࡟
࡛ࣝ࠶ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ࡑࢀࡺ࠼࡟ᮍ↛࡟㜼Ṇࡍࡿࡇ࡜
୍ษ❧ࡕධࡽࡎ㸪࣓࣮ࣝࡢῧ௜ࣇ࢓࢖ࣝᶵ⬟ࢆά
ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ࡜࠸࠺㸪ఱ࡜ࡶ≴࡟ࡘࡲࡲࢀࡓ࠿ࡢࡼ࠺
⏝ࡋࡓཎ✏ࡢ㐵ࡾྲྀࡾ࡟ࡢࡳ↔Ⅼࢆ⤠ࡾࡓ࠸ࠋ
࡞య㦂࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
ࡇࡢᶵ⬟ࡢ࠾࠿ࡆ࡛௒ࡸᡃࠎࡣ㸪ฟ∧♫࡟ฟྥ
௨ୖ㸪ෑ㢌࡛㏙࡭ࡓࡼ࠺࡟ᩥ❶ᰯṇࢶ࣮ࣝࡣ᏶
ࡃ࡝ࡇࢁ࠿㸪⦅㞟㒊ࡢᢸᙜ⪅ࡸ⦅⪅࣭ඹⴭ⪅࡜
ᡂᗘࡢ㧗࠸ᩥ᭩ࢆసᡂࡍࡿୖ࡛ᴟࡵ࡚᭷⏝ࡔࡀ㸪
୍ᗘࡶ㢦ࢆྜࢃࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡃཎ✏ࡢ㐵ࡾྲྀࡾࡀ
」ᩘࡢே㛫ࡀ୍ࡘࡢᩥ᭩ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ㛤ࡁ㸪⦅㞟సᴗ
ྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋῧ௜ࣇ࢓࢖ࣝᶵ⬟ࢆά⏝ࡍࢀࡤ㸪
ࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ฟ∧㐣⛬࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪៖እࡢ༴㝤ࡀ࡜
㒑㏦㈝ࡢ⠇⣙ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪⥾ࡵษࡾ㛫㝿ࡲ࡛ᇳ➹
ࡶ࡞࠺࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆᡃࠎࡣᙉࡃㄆ㆑ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ
సᴗࡶ࡛ࡁ㸪ᥦฟ⏝ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱグ㘓፹యࢆࡲ࡜ࡵ㈙
࠶ࡿࠋᩥ୰࡛ࡢᘬ⏝ࡀᚲ㡲ࡢᩥ➹ᐙ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣࡴ
࠸ࡍࡿᚲせࡶ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࠋຍ࠼࡚㸪࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ
ࡋࢁ⬣ጾ࡛ࡍࡽ࠶ࡿࡢࡀᩥ❶ᰯṇࢶ࣮ࣝ࡜࠸࠼㸪
ୖ࡟ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆṧࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࡇ࡜࡛ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢࣂࢵࢡ
࠸࠿࡟ᇳ➹⪅ᙜேࡀ⣽ᚰࡢὀពࢆᡶ࠸㸪࠸ࡗࡑ౑
࢔ࢵࣉࡢ௦ࢃࡾࡲ࡛ᯝࡓࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ࡇ
⏝ࡍࡽ᥍࠼ࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛㸪ඹྠసᴗ⪅ࡸྠࡌࣃࢯࢥ
ࡇ࡟ࡶពእ࡞ⴠ࡜ࡋ✰ࡀ₯ࢇ࡛࠾ࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࡣࢹ࣮
ࣥࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿᐙ᪘➼ࡀ↓⮬ぬ࡟ࡇࢀࢆ౑⏝ࡋ㸪
ࢱࡢㄗ㏦࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛⤂௓ࡍࡿ஦౛
ࠕୖ᭩ࡁಖᏑࠖࢆࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠼ࡤ㸪⿕ᐖࡢ⑞㊧ࢆ᥈
ࡣ㸪༢⣧࡞㐣ኻ࡜࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡣ㸪ࡴࡋࢁ⚾࡞ࡾࡢៅ
ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣᴟࡵ࡚ᅔ㞴࡜࡞ࡽࡊࡿࢆ࠼࡞࠸ࠋ
㔜࡞ᡭἲࡀ⅏࠸ࡋࡓࢣ࣮ࢫ࡜࠸ࡗ࡚ࡼ࠸ࠋ
࡞࠾㸪ࢮ࣑ࢼ࣮ࣝᡤᒓᏛ⏕ࡢ༞ᴗㄽᩥࡢసᡂᣦ
᭱㏆ࡢ࣮࣡ࣉࣟࢯࣇࢺࡣ㸪ᩥ❶సᡂ࡟ᙺ❧ࡘࡉ
ᑟ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ఝࡓࡼ࠺࡞஦౛ࢆᗄࡘ࠿య㦂ࡋ
ࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᶵ⬟ࡀ┒ࡾ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᐇ࡟౑࠸຾ᡭ
ࡓࠋࡑࢀࡣ㸪ྠࡌࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ㸪ືస⎔ቃࡢ␗࡞ࡿࣃ
ࡀⰋ࠸ࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ㸪᭩ᘧタᐃࢆᑡࡋᕤኵࡋ࡚࠾ࡇ
ࢯࢥࣥࡸ㸪ࣂ࣮ࢪࣙࣥࡢ␗࡞ࡿ࣮࣡ࣉࣟࢯࣇࢺ࡛
࡞࠼ࡤ㸪㈨ᩱձࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᐇ㝿ࡢㄅ㠃࡟ᥖ㍕ࡉࢀࡿ
㛤ࡃ࡜㸪ᩥ᭩ࡢෆᐜࡀࡸࡸྂ࠸ࡶࡢ࡜ධࢀ᭰ࢃ
ࢫࢱ࢖ࣝ࡜࡯ࡰྠ୍ࡢ༳Ꮠࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶྍ⬟࡜
ࡾ㸪ኚ໬ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࡜࠸࠺⌧㇟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࡞ࡿ(8)ࠋ኱ษ࡞ᩥ᭩ࢆ᭩ࡃ㝿㸪㸶ᖺ⛬๓࠿ࡽ࡛࠶
ࡇࢀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪┠ୗ㸪ཎᅉ✲᫂୰࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪
ࢁ࠺࠿㸪⚾ࡣᚲࡎࡇ࠺ࡋࡓタᐃࢆ஦๓࡟࠾ࡇ࡞
ྍ⬟ᛶ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ᚋ㏙ࡍࡿ USB ࣓ࣔࣜࡢ⪏⏝ᖺ
࠸㸪ఱᗘࡶࣉࣜࣥࢺ࢔࢘ࢺࡋ࡚᥎ᩙࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡍస
ᩘࡢ㉸㐣࡞࡝ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ࡜࡟ࡶ࠿ࡃ࡟ࡶ㸪ᣦ
ᴗ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ⮬୺ᰯṇࢆࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᙜ
ᑟࡋࡓෆᐜࡀḟᅇཎ✏࡟཯ᫎࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡜࡞
↛㸪ᮏ✏ࡶࡑࡢᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿḟ➨࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪
ࡿ࡜㸪ࢮ࣑⏕࡜ࡢಙ㢗㛵ಀࢆᦆࡡࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡶ࡞ࡾ
ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ௬࡟ࠕᏛ఍ཎ✏ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᩥ᭩ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱྡ
࠿ࡡ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡣ㸪ࡴࢁࢇᏛ⏕ࡸᣦᑟᩍဨࡢㄗ
⛠ࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪⚾ࡢయ㦂ࡋࡓኻᩋ࡟ࡘࡁ㸪ලయⓗ࡞
᧯స࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ
ㄝ᫂ࢆヨࡳࡓ࠸ࠋ
213
຿߷̲ԍ≝‫ܖ‬ᘐЈ༿↚↭↓↾↺ᜂ˺ಅ↝ᩓ‫↚҄܇‬๼↯ᨋᆱ
㈨ᩱձ
&L1LL ࠿ ࡽ ࢲ ࢘ ࣥ ࣟ ࣮ ࢻ ࡋ ࡓ 3')
⮬୺ᰯṇ࡟౑⏝ࡋࡓᐇ㝿ࡢཎ✏
⮬୺ᰯṇࡢᡭ㡰ࡣ⮳ࡗ࡚⡆༢࡛㸪ࡲࡎࡣᩥ᭩ࡀ
᣺ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ཎࢱ࢖ࢺ࡛ࣝୖ᭩ࡁಖᏑࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞
࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࡲ࡛᏶ᡂࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛㸪ಖᏑࡋࡓࢹ࣮ࢱ
࠸㸪⬺✏ࡍࡿࠋྂ࠸ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆṧࡍ⌮⏤ࡣ㸪ࣂࢵࢡ
ࢆ⏝⣬࡟༳ๅࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࢆ࠶ࡓ࠿ࡶࢤࣛๅࡾ㸦ᰯṇ
࢔ࢵࣉ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᙺ๭ࡶ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪㒊ศⓗ࡟ಟṇ๓ࡢ
ๅࡾ㸧ࡢࡼ࠺࡟⢭ᰝࡋ㸪㉥ࢆධࢀಟṇࡍࡿࠋࡘࡂ
ᩥ❶ࡢ᪉ࡀⰋ࠿ࡗࡓሙྜ࡞࡝㸪▐᫬࡟ࢹ࣮ࢱࡀᘬ
࡟ࣃࢯࢥࣥ࡜ྥࡁྜࡗ࡚㸪⣬ࡢୖ࡛ࡢಟṇ⟠ᡤࢆ
ࡁฟࡏ࡚ྜ⌮ⓗࡔ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
୍㏻ࡾධຊࡋ࡚ࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟཯ᫎࡉࡏ㸪ึᰯࢆ⤊࠼ࡓ
ࡇࡢ⮬୺ᰯṇࡌࡓ࠸ࡣ㸪᏶ᡂᗘࡢ㧗࠸ཎ✏ࢆᥦ
ཎ✏࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࢹ࣮ࢱྡ࡟ࠕ㸯ࠖࢆຍ࠼㸪ࠕᏛ
ฟࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ㸪ㄡ࡟࡛ࡶ᥎ዡ࡛ࡁࡿᡭሀ࠸ᡭἲ࡜
఍ཎ✏㸯ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ྡ⛠ู࡛ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࡜ࡋ࡚᪂つ࡟
࠸࠼ࡿࠋᚋ㏙ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆῧ௜ࣇ࢓࢖ࣝ
ಖᏑࢆࡍࡿࠋྠࡌせ㡿࡛㸪ࠕ㸰㸪㸱ࠖ࡜᥎ᩙࢆ⧞
໬ࡍࡿ㝿࡟Ⓨ⏕ࡍࡿࢹ࣮ࢱྡࡢ┬␎࡜࠸࠺ูࡢ
ࡾ㏉ࡋ㸪⣡ᚓࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛㸪᭱ᚋ࡟ᩒ࠼࡚ᩘᏐࡢ
ၥ㢟ࡣ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪㏻ᖖ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸪㔜ᗘࡢ㐣ኻ࡛
214
ࡶ࡞࠸㝈ࡾ㸪ࡇࡢᡭἲࡀཎᅉ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢㄗ
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
㈨ ᩱ ղ
㏦ࡀⓎ⏕ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ
࡜ࡇࢁࡀ⚾ࡢሙྜࡣ㸪୍ᗘ㸪⬺✏ࡋࡓཎ✏ࢆ㸪⣬
ᖜࡢ㒔ྜ➼࡟ࡼࡾ኱ᖜ࡟᭩ࡁᨵࡵࡊࡿࢆ࠼࡞ࡃ
࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓᩥ᭩ࡢసᡂ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ࡑࢀࡣ㉳ࡇ
ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ΰ஘ࡢ࠶ࡲࡾᐇ㝿ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ኱㒊ศࢆ๐㝖ࡋ
࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡓࡵ㸪௨ୗ㸪グ᠈ࡢ⣒ࢆࡓࡄࡗ࡚ㄝ᫂
ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋᙜ᫬ࡢ⚾ࡣ㸪ཎ✏ࡢ኱ᖜᨵ⦅࡜࠸࠺␗౛
࡞సᴗ࡟࠶ࡓࡾ㸪ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢΰྠࢆ㑊ࡅࡿᚰ⟬࡛ࡶ
࠶ࡗࡓࡢ࠿㸪ᖹ⣲࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡾ㸪ᙜึࡢࠕᏛ఍ཎ✏ࠖ
㈨ ᩱ ճ
࡜࠸࠺ྡ⛠ࡣࡑࡢࡲࡲ⏝࠸ࡎ㸪ࠕ࠙ᨵࠚᏛ఍ཎ✏ࠖ
࡜ᑡࡋ࢔ࣞࣥࢪࡋࡓࡶࡢࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪๓㏙
ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡞⮬୺ᰯṇࢆఱᗘ࠿⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ㸪ᝎࡳ࡟ᝎ
ࢇ࡛ࡼ࠺ࡸࡃ⬺✏࡛ࡁࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛㸪௒ᗘࡣẼศࡶ
᪂ࡓ࡟࡜࠸ࡗࡓពᅗ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࡢ࠿ࠕ࠙᪂ࠚᏛ఍
ཎ✏ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ูࡢྡ⛠ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆಖᏑࡋ
ࡓࠋᮏ᮶࡞ࡽࡤ㸪ࡇࢀࡇࡑࡀ୍Ꮠ୍ྃࡢ⾲⌧࡟ࡇ
ࡔࢃࡗ࡚᭩ࡁୖࡆࡓ㸪ࡲࡉࡋࡃ᭱⤊ཎ✏࡜࡞ࡿࡣ
ࡎ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
ࡇࢀࡣ㸪⏕ࡌࡓ⤖ᯝࡢ኱ࡁࡉ࡟ⱞᝎࡋ㸪ᗄศᮇ
ᙜ᫬ࡢ≧ἣࢆ෌⌧ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡀḟ㡫ࡢ㈨ᩱղ࡛㸪
㛫ࢆ⤒ࡓᚋ㸪⚾࡞ࡾ࡟ࢺࣛࣈࣝࡢཎᅉ✲᫂ࢆࡍࡿ
ఱᅇࡶ⮬୺ᰯṇࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪ᅗࡽࡎࡶࣇ࢛
୰࡛Ⓨぢࡋࡓ⌧㇟࡛࠶ࡿࠋᙜ↛㸪ពᅗⓗ࡟ࡋࡓ⾜
ࣝࢲ࣮ෆ࡟ఝࡓࡼ࠺࡞ྡ⛠ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡀከᩘ୪ࡪ
Ⅽ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ㸪ᐇ㝿࡟ఱࡀ࡝࠺࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࠿ࡣ㸪
ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡀศ࠿ࡿ(9)ࠋ௒࡟࡞ࡗ࡚෭㟼࡟═
ᙜࡢ⚾࡟ࡶ☜ドࡀ࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡓࡔ㸪๓⪅
ࡵࢀࡤ㸪ணᮇࡏࡠࡇ࡜ࡀ㉳ࡁ࡚ࡶ୙ᛮ㆟࡛ࡣ࡞࠸
ࢆᚋ⪅࡜ྲྀࡾ㐪࠼࡚ῧ௜ࣇ࢓࢖࡛ࣝ㏦ಙࡋ࡚ࡋ
≧ἣ࡜┳ྲྀ࡛ࡁࡿࡀ㸪ᢡᝏࡃ࢟ࣕࣥࢭࣝࡋࡀࡓ࠸
ࡲ࠺࡜࠸࠺㸪࠶ࡗ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢㄗ㏦ࡀ㸪
ㅮ₇ࡶ㔜࡞ࡾ㸪ཎ✏ࡢ኱ᖜᨵ⦅࡟ᅄⱞඵⱞࡋ㸪࠶
࠾ࡑࡽࡃࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚Ⓨ⏕ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡢ࡛
ࢁ࠺ࡇ࡜࠿⥾ࡵษࡾࢆ㉸㐣ࡋ㸪ࡲࡉࡋࡃᚲṚ࡟࡞
ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺᥎⌮ࢆ㸪ᛗᛸࡓࡿ᝿࠸࡛㏙࡭ࡓࡲ
ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓᙜ᫬ࡢ⚾࡟ࡣࡑ࠺ࡋࡓㄆ㆑ࡣⓙ↓࡛࠶
࡛࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡗࡓࠋ
ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࢺࣛࣈࣝࢆ㜵ࡄලయⓗ࡞᪉ἲࡣ㸪ࢹ࣮
㏻ᖖ⚾ࡣ㸪㈨ᩱղࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪ࣇ࢛ࣝࢲ࣮ෆࢆࠕ᭦
ࢱࡢ᪂ᪧࡢูࡀ㸪㏻ࡋ␒ྕ୍࡛┠░↛࡜࡞ࡿࡼ࠺
᪂᪥᫬ࠖ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ᪂ࡋ࠸ࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ᭱ୖ㒊࡟᮶ࡿ
࡞⟶⌮࡟ᑾࡁࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ⚾࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪సࡾ┤ࡋ
ࡼ࠺࡞タᐃ࡟ࡋ࡚౑⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࢆࠕྡ๓ࠖ
ࡓᅇᩘࡀุ᫂ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸ࡗࡓ
ࡢࢱࣈࢆࢡࣜࢵࢡࡋ㸪࠸ࢃࡺࡿ஬༑㡢㡰࡟ࡋࡓࡶ
Ẽ᜝ࡎ࠿ࡋࡉ࠿ࡽ㸪ୖ㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟ᩒ࠼࡚᭦᪂ᅇ
ࡢࡀ㈨ᩱճ࡛࠶ࡿࠋせࡣ㸪ࡓࡗࡓ୍ᗘ㸪ఱ࠿ࡢ᧯
ᩘࡢ⑞㊧ࢆᾘࡋ࡚࠿ࡽᥦฟࡍࡿࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ⟶⌮ࢆ
సࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᢿᏊ࡟ࠕྡ๓ࠖࡢࢱࣈࢆࢡࣜࢵࢡࡋ
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓḟ➨࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪౛࠼ࡤࠕ150911ࠖ࡜࠸
࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡔࡅ࡛㸪ࠕ࠙ᨵࠚᏛ఍ཎ✏ࠖ࡜ࠕ࠙᪂ࠚ
ࡗࡓලྜ࡟㸪ࣇ࢓࢖ࣝྡࡢෑ㢌࡟సᡂࡋࡓᖺ᭶᪥
Ꮫ఍ཎ✏ࠖࡣ㸪ࡉࡋࡓࡿ㐪࿴ឤ࡞ࡃ㸪࠸࡜ࡶ⡆༢
ࢆ␒ྕ໬ࡋ࡚ධࢀࡿࡔࡅ࡛㸪ᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶྠ✀ࡢၥ
࡟㡰␒ࡀධࢀ᭰ࢃࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
㢟ࡣ࠿࡞ࡾࡢ☜⋡࡛ᅇ㑊࡛ࡁࡼ࠺ࠋࡃࢃ࠼࡚㸪ࢹ
215
຿߷̲ԍ≝‫ܖ‬ᘐЈ༿↚↭↓↾↺ᜂ˺ಅ↝ᩓ‫↚҄܇‬๼↯ᨋᆱ
࣮ࢱࡢᥦฟ๓࡟ࡣ㸪ᚲࡎࠕ᭦᪂᪥᫬ࠖࡢࢱࣈࢆࢡ
࣮࡛ࣝ㏦ཷಙࡏࡎ࡟㸪ཎ๎༳ๅ⣬࡛㐵ࡾྲྀࡾࡍࡿ
ࣜࢵࢡࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞⩦័ࢆ㌟࡟ࡘࡅ࡚࠾ࡃࡇ࡜ࡶ
ࡇ࡜ࡀᖖ㐨࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼㸪ࡇࡢࢣ࣮ࢫ
᭷ຠ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ᖾ࠸࡟ࡋ࡚ᮏົᰯෆ࡛ࡢ☜ㄆ஦㡯࡟
ࡘࡂ࡟㸪࣓࣮ࣝࡢῧ௜ࣇ࢓࢖ࣝᶵ⬟ࢆά⏝ࡋࡓ
㛵ࡍࡿ᭩㢮࡛㉳ࡁ㸪࠿ࡘඃ⚽࡞஦ົᒁࡢᣦ᦬࡟ࡼ
ᩥ᭩ࡢࡸࡾ࡜ࡾ࡟࠾ࡅࡿㄗ㏦ࡢ༴㝤࡟ࡘࡁ㸪ඛ࡟
ࡗ࡚࠸ࢃࡺࡿࣄࣖࣜࣁࢵࢺ࡛῭ࢇࡔࠋ
ࡶᑡࡋゐࢀࡓ㸪ࡶ࠺୍ࡘูࡢ஦౛࡟ゝཬࡋ࡚࠾ࡁ
࡜ࡣ࠸࠼㸪ࡶࡋ୓ࡀ୍㸪ࠕ2015 ᖺᗘࠕᨻ἞Ꮫࠖ
ࡓ࠸ࠋࡑࢀࡣ㸪ᩥ᭩ྡࡢ㛗࠸ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢࡸࡾ࡜ࡾ㸪
ᡂ⦼⾲㸦㛤ᬛᅜ㝿኱Ꮫ㸧ࠖ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ㸪ࢩ
≉࡟㏦ࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࡢᚲせ⟠ᡤ࡟ࡢࡳᙜ᪉
ࣛࣂࢫ࠿ఱ࠿࡜຺㐪࠸ࡋ࡚㸪௚኱Ꮫ➼࡟ㄗ㏦ࡋ࡚
ࡀຍ➹ࡋ㸪༳ๅࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࡞ࡃࣃࢯࢥࣥࡢ⏬㠃ୖ
ࡋࡲࡗࡓ࡜ࡋࡓࡽ㸪࠺ࡗ࠿ࡾ࣑ࢫ࡛ࡣ῭ࡲࡉࢀࡲ
࡛ฎ⌮ࡋ࡚㏉㏦ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᥦฟ᭩㢮࡟࠾࠸࡚Ⓨ
࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡣ㸪⏝㏵ู࡟ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆಖ⟶ࡍࡿࣇ࢛ࣝ
⏕ࡋࡓၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࢲ࣮ࢆ㝵ᒙ໬ࡋ࡚ᩚ⌮ࡋࡓࡾ㸪ࢲ࣮࢘ࣥࣟࢻࡋ࡚
㈨ᩱմࡣ㸪୺࡟࣓࣮ࣝࡢῧ௜ࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࢆࢲ࢘ࣥ
ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆಖᏑࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿ㝿࡟ࡶ㸪⮬ศ࡞ࡾ࡟ุู
࣮ࣟࢻࡋ࡚ಖᏑࡋ࡚࠶ࡿࣇ࢛ࣝࢲ࣮࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀ
ࡋࡸࡍ࠸ྡ⛠ࢆ௜ࡅ┤ࡋ࡚ಖᏑࡍࡿ࡞࡝㸪᪥ࠎ㸪
ࢆ୍▌ࡍࢀࡤศ࠿ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪㸷ᩥᏐࢆ㉸㐣ࡍࡿᩥ
ࢹ࣮ࢱ⟶⌮ࡢᅾࡾ᪉࡟ὀពࢆᡶࡗ࡚࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ
᭩ྡࡢ୍㒊࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࠕ͏ࠖ⾲グ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚┬␎
ㄡ࡟࡛ࡶ㉳ࡇࡾ࠺ࡿ࣑ࢫ࡜࠸࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋ
ࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋẼࢆࡘࡅ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸
ࡢࡣ㸪⏬㠃ୖ࡟⾲♧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃ࡚㸪୍᫬
ⓗ࡟ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ
㸲㸬ࣃࢫ࣮࣡ࢻᶵ⬟௜ USB ࣓ࣔࣜࡢ៧㨚
ྡ⛠⮬యࡀ⮬ືⓗ࡟㸰Ⅼ࣮ࣜࢲ࡟ᕪࡋ᭰ࢃࡗ࡚
ᡃࡀᅜ࡛ಶே᝟ሗࡢಖㆤ࡟㛵ࡍࡿἲᚊࡀᡂ❧
ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡿ(10)ࠋ
ࡋ࡚᪩༑ᖺࡀ⤒㐣ࡋ㸪௒ࡸ♫఍ࡢ࠸ࡓࡿᡤ࡛ࣉࣛ
㈨ᩱմ
࢖ࣂࢩ࣮ᶒ࡟㓄៖ࡋࡓᵝࠎ࡞௙⤌ࡳࡀᐇ㊶ࡉࢀ
ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋᪧ᫬௦ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱグ㘓፹య࡜ࡣ᱆
㐪࠸ࡢ኱ᐜ㔞ࢆ㄂ࡾ㸪࠿ࡘᦠᖏᛶ࡟ࡶඃࢀẚ㍑ⓗ
Ᏻ౯࡞ USB ࣓ࣔࣜࡣ(11)㸪Ⓩሙࡍࡿࡸ▐ࡃ㛫࡟ᬑ
ཬࡋ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡟ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ಖㆤ࡟
್ࡍࡿಶே᝟ሗࡸ㧗ᗘ࡞ᶵᐦࢆྵࢇࡔ㔜せ࡞ࢹ
࣮ࢱࡀ㸪ࡑࢀࡇࡑ୍⧳ࡵ࡛Ẽ㍍࡟ᣢࡕ㐠ࡤࢀࡿࡼ
࠺࡟࡞ࡾ㸪⣮ኻ➼࡟ࡼࡿࢹ࣮ࢱὶฟࡢࣜࢫࢡࡶ᱁
ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪௬࡟ࠕ㛤ᬛᅜ㝿኱Ꮫබ㛤ㅮᗙ 2015
ẁ࡟ቑࡍࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
ᖺཎ✏㸦℧ᕝ㸧ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ྡ⛠ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ࡜
ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ࡞࠿㸪Ⓩሙࡋࡓࡢࡀࣃࢫ࣮࣡ࢻᶵ⬟ࡢ
ࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࢆῧ௜ࣇ࢓࢖࡛ࣝ㏦ཷಙࡍࡿ࡜࡞ࡿ࡜㸪
ࡘ࠸ࡓ USB ࣓ࣔࣜ㸦௨ୗ㸪P-U-M ࡜␎グࡍࡿ㸧
ࠕ㛤ᬛᅜ㝿኱Ꮫබ㛤ㅮ͏ࠖ࡜ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢྡ⛠ࡀ┬␎
࡛࠶ࡾ㸪⡆᫆࡞ࡶࡢ࠿ࡽ」㞧࡞ࡶࡢࡲ࡛㸪ࡉࡲࡊ
ࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡏࡗ࠿ࡃᶆ
ࡲ࡞ࣟࢵࢡࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆᦚ㍕ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡀ㈍኎ࡉࢀ
㢟࡟ྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠕㄡࡀ㸪ఱ᫬㸪ఱࢆࠖ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ
ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓ(12)ࠋᙜ↛㸪◊✲ᩍ⫱⪅ࡀᢅ࠺ᩥ᭩
ಶูᛶࢆุูࡍࡿ㔜せ࡞᝟ሗࡀ⏬୍໬ࡉࢀ࡚ࡋ
ࡢ୰࡟ࡶ㸪ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤᏛ⏕ࡢಶே᝟ሗࡸᏛෆࡢᶵ
ࡲ࠸㸪ᙜ↛㸪᭩㢮ࢆᥦฟࡍࡿഃࡶ㸪ཷࡅྲྀࡿഃࡶ
ᐦ㸪ヨ㦂ၥ㢟㸪◊✲ࡢᵓ᝿➼ࠎ㸪㔜せ࡞ࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ
ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆྲྀࡾ㐪࠼ࡿཎᅉ࡜ࡶ࡞ࡾ࠿ࡡ࡞࠸ࠋ
ከᩘྵࡲࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࡺ࠼㸪ᡃࠎࡢ㛫࡛ࡶ୓ࡀ
⌧≧㸪ᮏົᰯࡢ኱Ꮫ஦ົᒁ࡛ࡣ㸪㔜せ࡞ࢹ࣮ࢱ
୍࡟⣮ኻࡋࡓ㝿ࡢಖ㝤࡜ࡋ࡚ P-U-M ࢆឡ⏝ࡍࡿ
࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ᝟ሗ₃ὤ➼ࡢ༴㝤ࢆᅇ㑊ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪࣓
⪅ࡣỴࡋ࡚ᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
216
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
⚾ࡀ P-U-M ࢆึࡵ࡚౑⏝ࡋࡓࡢࡣ㸳ᖺ࡯࡝๓
ࡋ㸪ఝࡓࡼ࠺࡞ヰࡣ᪉ࠎ࡛⫈࠸࡚࠾ࡾ㸪୰࡟ࡣ࣐
ࡢࡇ࡜࡛㸪᯾኱Ꮫ᯾Ꮫ㒊ࡢᡂ⦼⾲ࢆసᡂࡋ㸪஦ົ
ࢽࣗ࢔ࣝ㏻ࡾ࡟᧯సࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎ㸪ࢹ
ᒁ࡟ᥦฟࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢグ㘓፹య࡜ࡋ࡚࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑ
࣮ࢱࡀᾘኻࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ᝒ㬆ࡶ」ᩘ⪥࡟
ࡢᚋ㸪Ᏺ⛎⩏ົࢆక࠺ヨ㦂ၥ㢟ࡢసᡂ࡟࠾࠸࡚
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡢ┿ഇࡢ⛬ࡣᐃ࠿࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ
ࡶ㸪ࡸࡣࡾᥦฟ⏝ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱグ㘓፹య࡜ࡋ࡚㆑ู␒
࠸ࡎࢀ࡟ࡏࡼ㸪⚾⮬㌟ࡣ P-U-M ࡢᏳᚰឤ࡟ច࠿
ྕ௜ࡁࡢࡶࡢࡀ㓄௜ࡉࢀ㸪ఱᗘ࠿౑⏝ࡍࡿᶵ఍ࢆ
ࢀ㸪ࡇࢀࢆ࣓࣮ࣥࡢグ㘓፹య࡜ࡋ࡚㸯ᖺ௨ୖ࡟ࢃ
ᚓࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ᙜึࡣ౑⏝᪉ἲ࡟ᡞᝨ࠸࡞ࡀࡽࡶ㸪
ࡓࡾ㸪㢖⦾࡟౑⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡀ㸪☜࠿࡟୙ྍゎ࡞⌧
ࡑࡢࢭ࢟ࣗࣜࢸ࢕࣮ᶵ⬟࡟౯್ࢆぢฟࡋ㸪⚾ಶே
㇟ࡀࡋࡤࡋࡤ㉳ࡁࡓࡢࡣ஦ᐇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡑ
࡛ࡶ㸰ᖺ࡯࡝๓࠿ࡽ᫖ᖺࡲ࡛㸪ࡇࢀࢆ࣓࣮ࣥࡢࢹ
ࢀࡽࡀ⵳✚ࡉࢀࡓ⤖ᯝ࡞ࡢ࠿㸪౑⏝㛤ጞ࠿ࡽ⣙㸯
࣮ࢱグ㘓፹య࡜ࡋ࡚౑⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ
ᖺࡀ⤒㐣ࡋࡓ㡭㸪ᴟࡵ࡚གྷ௓࡞ၥ㢟࡟┤㠃ࡋ㸪ࡸ
P-U-M ࡣ㟂せࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵ࠿㸪᭱㏆࡛ࡣ㈍኎౯
ࡴ࡞ࡃ P-U-M ࡢ౑⏝ࢆ୰Ṇࡋࡓḟ➨࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
᱁ࡶ࠿࡞ࡾୗⴠࡋ㸪௒ᚋ㸪ࡉࡽ࡞ࡿᬑཬࡀண᝿ࡉ
஦ࡢⓎ➃ࡣ㸪P-U-M ෆ࡟࠶ࡿࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ࢔ࣉࣜ
ࢀࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࡇ࡟ࡶᛮࢃࡠⴠ࡜ࡋ✰ࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸
ࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ➼࡛౑⏝ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎ㸪
ࡿࠋ⫈ࡃ࡜ࡇࢁ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪⡆᫆ࡢࣟࢵࢡࢩࢫࢸ࣒
ࣟࢵࢡࢆ᥃ࡅࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ࡜࢚࣮ࣛ⾲♧ࡀฟ࡚ࡋ
ࡢሙྜ㸪⇍㐩⪅࡛࠶ࢀࡤࣃࢫ࣮࣡ࢻࢆ▱ࡽ࡞ࡃ࡚
ࡲ࠸㸪P-U-M ࢆྲྀࡾእࡏ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺୙ලྜ࡛࠶
ࡶ᫬㛫ࢆ᥃ࡅ࡚ゎᯒࡍࢀࡤ㸪ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆྲྀࡾฟࡏ࡚
ࡗࡓ࡜グ᠈ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࣓࣮࡛ࣥ౑⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ௨
ࡋࡲ࠺࡜ࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ㧗ᗘ࡞㆟ㄽࡣ
ୖ㸪࡝࠺࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࡇࢀࢆᣢཧࡋ࡚እฟࡋࡓ࠸ࡢࡀ
ᑓ㛛ᐙ࡟ㆡࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡸࡣࡾ⚾ࡢ◊✲
㐨⌮࡜࠸࠼㸪௙᪉࡞ࡃᙜึࡣࣃࢯࢥࣥࡢࣁ࣮ࢻࢹ
ᩍ⫱⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢⱞ࠸య㦂ࢆ⤂௓ࡍࡿ࡟࡜࡝ࡵࡓ
࢕ࢫࢡ࡟ࣂࢵࢡ࢔ࢵࣉࢆ࡜ࡗࡓୖ࡛㸪ࣟࢵࢡࡀ᥃
࠸ࠋࡑࢀࡣ㸪࠸ࢃࡤᏳ඲࣭Ᏻᚰࡢ௦ൾ࡜ࡋ࡚Ⓨ⑕
ࡅࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡲࡲ࡛ࣃࢯࢥࣥࡢ㟁※ࢆⴠ࡜ࡋ࡚࠿
ࡋࡓ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠕࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࡢ◚ᦆࠖ࡜ࡼࡤࢀࡿ⌧㇟
ࡽ㸪P-U-M ࢆྲྀࡾእࡍ࡜࠸࠺సᴗࢆᜍࡿᜍࡿ࠾
࡛㸪ࡇࢀࡀ᚟ඖ࡛ࡁࡎ㸪సᡂࡋࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ⤖ᯝⓗ
ࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ࡜ࡇࢁࡀ㸪ᮏ᮶㸪እฟ๓࡟ࡑࡢࡼ
࡟ᾘኻࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺஧ࡘࡢ஦౛࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࠺࡞ᝆ㛗࡞సᴗࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿవ⿱ࡀ࠶ࡿࢃࡅࡶ࡞
᭱ึࡢ஦౛ࡣ㸪ඛ㏙ࡋࡓ᯾኱Ꮫ᯾Ꮫ㒊ࡢᡂ⦼⾲
ࡃ㸪≉࡟ OS ࡢ⮬ື᭦᪂࡞࡝ࡀጞࡲࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࡜㸪
సᡂ࡟࠾࠸࡚࡛࠶ࡾ㸪⚾ࡀึࡵ࡚ P-U-M ࢆ౑⏝
ࣃࢯࢥࣥࡢ㟁※ࡀ᏶඲࡟ษࢀࡿࡲ࡛࡟ࡣ┦ᙜ࡞
ࡋࡓ᫬ࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋලయⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪ఱ᫬㛫࠿᥃ࡅ
᫬㛫ࢆせࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ᭱ᝏࡢሙྜ࡛ࡶࣂ
࡚సᡂࡋࡓᡂ⦼⾲ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ◚ᦆࡋ㸪஦ົᒁ࡛ࡶ
ࢵࢡ࢔ࢵࣉࡣ࡜ࡗ࡚࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺Ᏻᚰឤ࡜㸪᫬㛫ⓗ
㛤ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡎ㸪᫝㠀࡞ࡃ᭱ึ࠿ࡽ෌ධຊࡍࡿ
ไ⣙࠿ࡽࡸࡴ࡞ࡃ㸪ࢩࣕࢵࢺࢲ࢘ࣥ୰ࡢࣃࢯࢥࣥ
⩚┠࡟࡞ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋཎᅉࡣ㸪ࡑࢀ௨
࠿ࡽ P-U-M ࢆᘬࡁᢤ࠸࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶఱᗘ࠿ࡣ
๓ࡢ⤒㦂࠿ࡽᙧᡂࡉࢀࡓࠕUSB ࣓ࣔࣜࡣࣇࣟࢵ
࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
ࣆ࣮ࢹ࢕ࢫࢡ࡜㐪࠸㸪ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ᭩ࡁ㎸ࡳࢆࡋ࡚࠸
ࡉࡽ࡟ࡣࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ஦ᨾࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ஦ົᒁ࡟❧ࡕ
ࡿ᭱୰࡛ࡣ࡞࠸㝈ࡾ㸪⢒㞧࡟ᢅࡗ࡚ࡶࢹ࣮ࢱࡀᾘ
ᐤࡗࡓࡘ࠸࡛࡟㸪஦ົဨࡢࣃࢯࢥࣥ࡟ P-U-M ࢆ
ኻࡋ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᛮ࠸㎸ࡳ࠿ࡽ㸪ㄝ᫂᭩ࡢᡭ⥆ࡁ
┤᥋ࡘ࡞࠸࡛ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆཷࡅΏࡋࡓ㝿㸪ᡤᐃࡢసᴗ
㏻ࡾ࡟ P-U-M ࢆࣃࢯࢥࣥ࠿ࡽྲྀࡾእࡉ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ
ࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞ࢃࡎ࡟㸪࠸ࡁ࡞ࡾࡇࢀࢆᘬࡁᢤ࠿ࢀ࡚ࡋ
ࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ
ࡲࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⚾ࡀࣃࢫ࣮࣡ࢻࢆධຊࡋ࡚ࣇ࢛
࠸ࢃࡎࡶࡀ࡞⚾ࡢ↓▱࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡛㸪ࡏࡗ࠿ࡃ
ࣝࢲ࣮ࢆ㛤ࡃᵝᏊࢆ┠๓࡛ぢ࡚࠸ࡓ➻ࡢᙜே࡛
஦ົᒁࡀㄝ᫂᭩ࢆࣉࣜࣥࢺ࢔࢘ࢺࡋ㸪ྠᑒࡋ࡚ࡃ
࠶ࡗࡓࡀ㸪༢࡟ఱᒙ࡟ࡶ㝵ᒙ໬ࡉࢀࡓࣇ࢛ࣝࢲ࣮
ࢀࡓ࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎ㉳ࡁࡓኻᩋ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᨾព࡛ࡣ
ࡢ୰࠿ࡽ┠ⓗࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ᥈ࡋฟࡍసᴗ࡜ㄗㄆࡋ
࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡢ㉥㠃ࡢ⮳ࡾ࡜࠸࠺࡯࠿࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿
࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡶ↓⌮࡞࠿ࡽࡠヰ࡛㸪
217
຿߷̲ԍ≝‫ܖ‬ᘐЈ༿↚↭↓↾↺ᜂ˺ಅ↝ᩓ‫↚҄܇‬๼↯ᨋᆱ
እぢୖ㸪P-U-M ࡜㏻ᖖࡢ USB ࣓ࣔࣜࡣุูࡀࡘ
ࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᛕࡢࡓࡵ࡟௜ゝࡋ࡚࠾ࡃ
࠿࡞࠸ࡓࡵ㸪ࡇࡢ✀ࡢ஦ᨾࢆ㜵ࡄ࡟ࡣ㸪ᣢࡕ୺ࡀ
࡜㸪ᮏ௳࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪࠸ࢃࡺࡿࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࣮࢘
᭱ึ࡟ P-U-M ࡛࠶ࡿ᪨㸪┦ᡭ࡟᫂☜࡟ఏ࠼࡚࠾
࢖ࣝࢫࡢᏑᅾࡶᠱᛕࡉࢀࡓࡓࡵ㸪᭱᪂࠿ࡘ」ᩘࡢ
ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࢘࢖ࣝࢫᑐ⟇ࢯࣇࢺࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࡳࡓࡀ㸪ၥ㢟ࡣ᳨ฟ
௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪୙ᮏព࡞ࡀࡽၥ㢟ྵࡳࡢ౑⏝ࢆ
ࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ(13)ࠋ
⥆ࡅࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪⚾ࡀᖖ⏝ࡍࡿ P-U-M ෆࡢ㸪ᩘ࡟ࡋ
௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪P-U-M ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ᮏ✏ࡢ୺
࡚ࡔ࠸ࡓ࠸㸵㸣⛬ᗘࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡀṇᖖ࡟ᒎ㛤࡛ࡁ
㢟ࡓࡿฟ∧㐣⛬࡟࠾ࡅࡿၥ㢟࡟ࡲ࡛ࡣⓎᒎࡋ࡚
࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ᅔࡗࡓ஦ែ࡟㝗ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࠋ⑕≧ࡢ
࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ࡓ࡜࠼ࡍ࡛࡟ฟ∧ࡉࢀࡓᩥ᭩ࢹ
⠊ᅖࡣ㸪⚾࡟࡜ࡗ࡚᭱ࡶ฼⏝㢖ᗘࡀ㧗࠸୍ኴ㑻ࢆ
࣮ࢱ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡀࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙧ࡛
ࡣࡌࡵ㸪࣮࣡ࢻࡸ࢚ࢡࢭࣝ㸪ࣃ࣮࣏࣡࢖ࣥࢺ㸪PDF
◚ᦆ࣭ᾘኻࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪ᡃࠎ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣᙧ
࡞࡝㸪࠾࠾ࡴࡡ඲✀㢮ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟ཬࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋࢹ
ᐜࡋࡀࡓ࠸῝้࡞ၥ㢟࡜࠸࠼ࡿࠋ⚾ࡢሙྜ㸪㐣ཤ
࣮ࢱࡢᐜ㔞ࡸసᡂࡉࢀࡓ᫬ᮇ࡞࡝ࡶ⿕ᐖ࡜ࡣ↓
࡟ࣇࣟࢵࣆ࣮ࢹ࢕ࢫࢡࡢ౑⏝࡛ᩓࠎ࡞┠࡟㐼ࡗ
㛵ಀ࡞ࡼ࠺࡛㸪እぢୖࡣᩥ᭩ࡢྡ⛠ࡸࣉࣟࣃࢸ࢕
ࡓ⤒㦂࠿ࡽ㸪ࣂࢵࢡ࢔ࢵࣉࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࢆᑠࡲࡵ࡟࡜
࣮ࢆཧ↷ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪ṇᖖ࡞ࢹ࣮ࢱ࡜ࡢぢศࡅࡀࡘ࠿
ࡿ⩦័ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡓࡵ㸪⤖ᯝⓗ࡟ᡃࡀ⾑⫗ࡢࡈ࡜ࡁ
࡞࠸ࠋ
኱ษ࡞ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ᏶඲ᾘኻ࡜࠸࠺ᝒ๻ࡣචࢀ㸪୙ᖾ
㈨ᩱյ
୰ࡢᖾ࠸࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪P-U-M ࡢ౑⏝೵Ṇ࠿ࡽ 15 ࣨ᭶௨ୖ⤒
㐣ࡋࡓ⌧ᅾࡶࣂࢵࢡ࢔ࢵࣉࡢᦠ⾜ࡀḞ࠿ࡏ࡞࠸
ࡢࡀ⌧≧࡛࠶ࡿࠋẖ᪥ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᩥ᭩ࡢసᡂࢆ࠾ࡇ
࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᡃࠎࡢࡼ࠺࡞⫋࡟࠶ࡿ⪅ࡀ㸪ࡇ࠺ࡶ㢖
⦾࡟ࣂࢵࢡ࢔ࢵࣉࢹ࣮ࢱࢆཧ↷ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ
࡞࠸࡜㸪ࡇࢀࡀඖ࡛᪂ࡓ࡞ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢྲྀࡾ㐪࠼ࡀ㉳
ࡇࡾ࠿ࡡ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᚰ㓄ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
⤖ᒁࡢ࡜ࡇࢁ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢ୙ලྜࡢཎᅉࡶఱᗘ࠿
ࡢ࢖ࣞࢠ࣮ࣗࣛࡢ⵳✚࡜࠸ࡗࡓ⛬ᗘ࡟ࡋ࠿ศ࠿
ၥ㢟ࡢ⑕≧࡟ࡣఱ㏻ࡾ࠿࠶ࡾ㸪㈨ᩱյࡢࡼ࠺࡟
ࡽࡎ㸪ඛ㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟௒ࡦ࡜ࡘ⿕ᐖࡢつᶍࡸែᵝ
ࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࡀㄞࡳ㎸ࡵ࡞࠸࡜࠸ࡗࡓ⾲♧ࡀฟ࡚㸪࣊
ࡶุ↛࡜ࡋ࡞࠸(14)ࠋ୙ṇ࡟㛤࠿ࢀ㸪➨୕⪅ࡢᡭ࡟
ࣝࣉࡢᣦ♧㏻ࡾ࡟ᑐฎࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪ࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ㛤ࡅ࡞࠸
Ώࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡃࡽ࠸࡞ࡽࡤ㸪࠸ࡗࡑඖ࠿ࡽቯࡋ࡚
ࢣ࣮ࢫࡸ㸪ุㄞ୙᫂࡞⾲♧ࡀฟ࡚࣊ࣝࣉࡍࡽཧ↷
ࡋࡲ࠼࡜࠸࠺Ⓨ᝿ࡣ㸪኱ษ࡞ࡶࡢࡢᏲࡾ᪉ࡢ✲ᴟ
࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࢣ࣮ࢫࡶ࠶ࡿࠋჃᜥࡤ࠿ࡾࡋ࡚࠸࡚ࡶ௙
ᙧែ࡜ࡋ࡚⌮ゎ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃࡶ࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ࢺࣛࣈ
᪉ࡀ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ㸪᫬㛫ࢆぢࡘࡅ࡚ࡣ㸪ྛಶᧁ◚᪉ᘧ
ࣝࡢཎᅉࡶ㸪ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࡑࡢ㈐௵ࡢᡤᅾࡶ᭕᫕ᶍ
࡛ࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࢆ୍ࡘࡎࡘ㛤࠸࡚࠸ࡁ㸪␗ᖖࡀฟࡓሙ
⢶࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ௨ୖ㸪ṧᛕ࡞ࡀࡽ P-U-M ࢆ࣓࣮ࣥ
ྜࡣࣂࢵࢡ࢔ࢵࣉࣇ࢓࢖ࣝ࡜⨨ࡁ᥮࠼ࡿ࡜࠸࠺
ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱグ㘓፹య࡜ࡋ࡚㢖⦾࡟౑⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪
ᆅ㐨࡞᚟ᪧసᴗ࡟࠸ࡑࡋࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋࡶ࠺ᑡࡋຠ⋡
ࣜࢫࢡࡢ᪉ࡀ኱ࡁࡍࡂࡿ࡜࠸࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋ
ⓗ࡞ࡸࡾ࠿ࡓࡶ࠶ࡾࡑ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪གྷ௓࡞
᭱ᚋ࡟㸪ࡇࢀࡣ P-U-M ࡟㝈ࡗࡓၥ㢟࡛ࡣ࡞࠸
ࡇ࡜࡟㸪ၥ㢟ࡢ⑕≧࡟ࡣ➨୕ࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪
ࡀ㸪USB ࣓ࣔࣜࡣࠕᾘ⪖ရ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺஦ᐇ
ࡑࢀࡣᩥ᭩ࢆ㛤ࡃࡇ࡜⮬యࡣ࡛ࡁࡿࡀ㸪㒊ศⓗ࡟
࡟ࡘ࠸࡚௜ゝࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋᑓ㛛ᐙࡢヰ࡟ࡼࡿ
ᩥᏐ໬ࡅࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛㸪ࡇࢀࢆⓎぢࡍࡿ
࡜㸪㏻ᖖࡣ㸪USB ࣓ࣔࣜ࡟᪂つಖᏑࡸୖ᭩ࡁಖ
࡟ࡣ⏬㠃ࢆ୍㏻ࡾࢫࢡ࣮ࣟࣝࡉࡏ࡚☜ㄆࡋ࡞ࡅ
Ꮡࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠾࠺࡜ࡍࡿ࡜ᚎࠎ࡟୙ලྜࡀ⏕ࡌࡿ
218
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
ࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࡑࡢࡇ࡜࡛⪏⏝㝈⏺ࢆ㉸࠼ࡓࡇ
㹁㹒ࡢ฼౽ᛶ࡟౫ᣐࡋࡍࡂࡎ㸪ᚑ᮶㸪኱ษ࡟ࡉࢀ
࡜ࢆ⮬↛࡟▱ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿ(15)ࠋ⟶ぢࡢ
࡚ࡁࡓ⾜⛬ࢆ୎ᑀ࡟࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࡇ࡜࡛㸪࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࡣ
㝈ࡾ㸪ᡃࠎࡢ㛫࡛ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓㄆ㆑ࡢᣢࡕ୺ࡣᑡ࡞࠸
ᅇ㑊࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢ࡜ᛮᩱࡉࢀࡿࠋ➃ⓗ࡟࠸࠼ࡤ㸪ᩥ
ࡼ࠺࡟ぢཷࡅࡽࢀࡿࡀ㸪USB ࣓ࣔࣜෆࡢグ᠈⣲
᭩ࢆฟ∧ࡍࡿ࡟࠶ࡓࡗ࡚Ḟ࠿ࡏ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ㸪ࡑࢀࡣ
Ꮚࡀຎ໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛Ⓨ⏕ࡍࡿ⌧㇟࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋ
ࡸࡣࡾᙜ஦⪅㛫ࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆᐦ࡟ࡋ㸪
࡜ࡇࢁࡀ㸪⚾ࡀ┤㠃ࡋࡓࢣ࣮ࢫࡣ㸪ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢୖ
஫࠸࡟ሗ࿌࣭㐃⤡࣭┦ㄯࡋ㸪ὀពࢆႏ㉳ࡋྜ࠺ࡇ
᭩ࡁ࡝ࡇࢁ࠿㸪ㄞࡳ㎸ࡳ㸪ᘬࡁฟࡋࡀ✺↛࠿ࡘ୍
࡜࡜㸪ేࡏ࡚ࣃࢯࢥࣥࡢ⏬㠃ୖ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪༳ๅ⣬
ษ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᜍࢁࡋ࠸ࢣ࣮ࢫ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
࡛ࡢᰯṇࢆࡋࡗ࠿ࡾ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ᑓ㛛ᐙࡢᡤぢࡣ㸪USB ࣓ࣔࣜෆࡢ࡝ࡢ㒊ศ࡟࡝
◊✲Ⓨ⾲఍ࢆ⤒࡚ࣇࣟ࢔࠿ࡽࡣ㸪ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤࢹ࣮
࠺࠸ࡗࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ཰㘓ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡜࠸ࡗࡓᣦ
ࢱྡࡢෑ㢌࡟㸱᱆ࡢᩘᏐࢆࡘࡅ࡚ᩚ⌮ࡍࡿ㸪ࣇ࢛
௧ⓗ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡍ⣲Ꮚࡀຎ໬ࡋ㸪ᨾ㞀ࡋࡓ⌋ࡋ
ࣝࢲ࣮ࢆ୎ᑀ࡟㝵ᒙ໬ࡋ୍࡚ࡘࡢࣇ࢛ࣝࢲ࣮ෆ
࠸ࢣ࣮ࢫ࡜ࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࢹ࣮ࢱ⮬యࡣṧᏑࡋ
࡟⣮ࡽࢃࡋ࠸ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆΰᅾࡉࡏ࡞࠸㸪㹄㹂ጤဨ఍
࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᑓ㛛ᴗ⪅࡟ᩘ㐌㛫㡸ࡅ࡚ጤクࡍࢀ
➼୺ᐓ࡛ㅮ⩦఍ࢆ௻⏬ࡍࡿ࡜࠸ࡗࡓලయⓗ࠿ࡘ
ࡤ㸪ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢᘬࡁฟࡋࡀ࡛ࡁࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡢ
᭷┈࡞ᚚពぢࢆ㡬࠸ࡓࠋ◊✲ᩍ⫱⪅ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪
ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ᢡᝏࡃ㸪Ᏺ⛎⩏ົࢆ࡜ࡶ
ฟ∧⦅㞟⪅࠿ࡽࡶ✚ᴟⓗ࡞Ⓨゝࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ࡲࡎࡶࡗ
࡞࠺኱ษ࡞ᩥ᭩ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡀධࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡓࡵ㸪ࡑࡢ
࡚ᵝࠎ࡞ᕤኵࡢ௙᪉ࡢ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡟㦫࠸ࡓࠋࡸࡣࡾ
᪉ἲࡣ᩿ᛕࡏࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋᖾ࠸࡟ࡋ࡚ࡇࡢ
⤖ᒁࡢ࡜ࡇࢁ㸪៖እࡢ⾜ࡁ㐪࠸ࢆ㜵Ṇࡍࡿ࡟ࡣ㸪
ࢣ࣮ࢫ࡛ࡣ㸪୍ኴ㑻࡟ෆⶶࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠕࣂࢵࢡ࢔
ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ༴ᶵ⟶⌮ࡢ᪉ἲ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᡃࠎࡢ㛫࡛᝟
ࢵࣉࡢᒚṔ࠿ࡽ㛤ࡃࠖ࡜࠸࠺ಖ㝤ⓗ࡞⿵ຓᶵ⬟࡜
ሗࢆඹ᭷ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ୍␒኱ษ࡞ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ࡜㸪࠶
༳ๅ⣬࡟ࡼࡾ㸪኱㐣࡞ࡃᚲせ࡞ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ᚟ඖࡍࡿ
ࡽࡓࡵ࡚③ឤࡋࡓࠋ
ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ
๼㢌㸪࠿ࡘ࡚⚾ࡀᣦᑟᩍᤵࡢᡭ᭩ࡁཎ✏ࢆࢹ࣮
ࢱ໬ࡋࡓヰ࡟ゐࢀࡓࡀ㸪ᐇࡣ㸪⚾࡜࡚ఱࡶᶵᲔⓗ
ࡴࡍࡧ
࡟ཎ✏ࢆࡑࡗࡃࡾࡑࡢࡲࡲࢹ࣮ࢱධຊࡋࡓࢃࡅ
㹼⥭ᐦ࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡜༳ๅ⣬࡛ࡢᰯṇ
࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋㄗᏐࡸ⬺Ꮠ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪୎ᑀ࡟௜⟢ࢆ
௨ୖ㸪ᮏ✏࡛ࡣ㸪୺࡜ࡋ࡚Ꮫ⾡ฟ∧࡟ࡲࡘࢃࡿ
ࡣࡗ࡚ཎ✏ࡢㄗࡾࢆᣦ᦬ࡋ㸪࠿࡜࠸ࡗ࡚ࠕ⤊ࢃࡾࠖ
ㅖసᴗࡢ㟁Ꮚ໬࡟₯ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ㸪ᜍࡿ࡭ࡁ㝗✶࡟ࡘ
ࢆࠕ⤊ࡾࠖ࡜⾲グࡋ࡚࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡞㒊ศ࡟ࡣ࠺ࡿࡉ
ࡁ㸪⚾ࡢ◊✲ᩍ⫱⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᣋ࠸⤒㦂ࢆࡶ࡜࡟㏙
ࡃ❧ࡕධࡽࡎ㸪ᣦᑟᩍᤵࡢࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕࣮࡟ᛮ
࡭࡚ࡁࡓࠋ⚾ࡣ㸪᪥ᮏฟ∧Ꮫ఍ 2014 ᖺᗘ᫓Ꮨ◊
࠸ࢆ⮴ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ఱ࡜࠿ᮇᚅ௨ୖࡢ௙஦ࢆࡋ࡚ㄆ
✲Ⓨ⾲఍㸦2014 ᖺ㸳᭶ 17 ᪥㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ᮏ✏࡜
ࡵ࡚ࡶࡽ࠸ࡓ࠸࡜࠸࠺୍ᚰ࡛సᴗࢆࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛
ྠࡌࢸ࣮࣐࡛Ⓨ⾲ࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪๓ᚋ㛵ಀ
࠶ࡿࠋ㇦⳹ࣛࣥࢳ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡶ㸪ᐇࡣࡑ࠺ࡋࡓసᴗ
࡛࠸࠺࡜㸪ᐇࡣࡍ࡛࡟ 2014 ᖺ㸰᭶ୖ᪪࡟ࡣᮏ✏
࡟࠾࠸࡚⾜ࡁ㐪࠸ࡀ⏕ࡌ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ࡟㸪⣬࣮࣋ࢫ࡛
ࡢ⣲✏ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡓ(16)ࠋணᮇࡏࡠኻᩋ࡟┤㠃ࡋ㸪
ࡢ☜ㄆࢆࡍࡿሙ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼㸪⚾ࡢഃ࡟ࡇ
ࢩࣙࢵࢡࡢవࡾఱ࠿⾜ືࡏࡎ࡟ࡣᒃࡽࢀࡎ࡟᭩
ࡑ㸪సᴗࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚Ꮫࡪࡇ࡜ࡀᐇ࡟ከ࠿ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠼
ࡁጞࡵࡓࡢࡀᇳ➹ࡢືᶵ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪⣛వ᭤ᢡࡋ㸪ᐇ
ࡿࠋ
࡟஧ᖺ㏆ࡃࡶຍ➹࡜ಟṇࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡍࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗ
࠸ࢃࡎࡶࡀ࡞ᩥ❶࡟ࡣ㸪ே㛫ࡀ⌧ᅾ࡟㸪ࡑࡋ࡚
ࡓࠋ௨ୗࡢࠕࡴࡍࡧ࡛ࠖࡣ㸪◊✲Ⓨ⾲఍௨㝆࡟࠾
ᮍ᮶࡟ఏ࠼ࡓ࠸ఱࡽ࠿ࡢ⇕࠸᝿࠸ࡀ㎸ࡵࡽࢀ࡚
ᐤࡏ㡬࠸ࡓᚚពぢࡶ⤂௓ࡋࡘࡘ㸪ᮏ✏ࢆ⥾ࡵᣓࡿ
࠾ࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࢆ࿘▱ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ฟ∧≀ࡣห⾜ࡉࢀ
ࡇ࡜࡜ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ
ࡿࠋᩥᏐࡢྥࡇ࠺࡟స⪅ࡢ⏕ࡁᵝࡀᢞᙳࡉࢀ࡚࠸
௒ᅇ㸪⚾ࡀ⤂௓ࡋࡓ஦౛ࡢ኱༙ࡣ㸪ᙜ஦⪅ࡀ㹇
ࡿࡇ࡜ព㆑ࡋ㸪ᑐヰࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚ฟ∧࣭⦅㞟స
219
຿߷̲ԍ≝‫ܖ‬ᘐЈ༿↚↭↓↾↺ᜂ˺ಅ↝ᩓ‫↚҄܇‬๼↯ᨋᆱ
ᴗ࡟ྥࡁྜ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡢ኱ษࡉࢆ㸪⚾ࡣࡇࢀࡽࡢኻᩋ
ᅔ㞴࡛㸪㈐௵ࡢᡤᅾࡶ୙᫂░࡞ࡲࡲ㸪ࡑࡢ㈐ࡵࢆ
ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚෌ㄆ㆑ࡋࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋᏛ⾡ฟ∧ࢆྲྀࡾᕳࡃ
ⴭస⪅ࡀ୍㌟࡟㈇ࢃࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸≧ἣ࡟㝗ࡾࡀ
⌧ἣࡣཝࡋࡃ㸪࣮࣐࢟ࣥ࡜࡞ࡿ⤒㦂㇏࠿࡞⦅㞟⪅
ࡕ࡜ᛮᩱࡉࢀࡿࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇ㸪ᇳ➹⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚୙ᮏ
ࡀ᫬㛫࡜ᡭ㛫ࢆ࠿ࡅ㸪ᇳ➹⪅ࢆࣇ࢛࣮ࣟࡋ࡚ࡃࢀ
ព࡞ཎ✏ࡀබ⾲ࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪㈐௵ࡢᡤᅾ
ࡿᜨࡲࢀࡓ⎔ቃࡣᴟࡵ࡚⛥࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡴࡋࢁ㸪⦅㞟
பࠎࡣࡉ࡚࠾ࡁ㸪ᙜ↛㸪ඹྠసᴗ⪅ࡓࡿඹⴭ⪅ࡸ
⪅ࡢカ⦎ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸࡞࠸◊✲ᩍ⫱⪅ࡀ㸪ᇳ➹ࡢഐ
⦅㞟⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡶᝒ๻௨እࡢఱࡶࡢ࡜ࡶ࡞ࡽ࡞
ࡽ⦅⪅ࡸ⣖せጤဨ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ⫪᭩ࡁࡢࡶ࡜㸪⦅㞟స
࠸ࠋ
ᴗࡢࡲࡡࡈ࡜ࢆᙉ࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸ࡗ࡚ࡶ㐣ゝ
ࣃࢯࢥࣥ࡟⩦⇍ࡋࡓ⦅㞟⪅࠿ࡽࡍࢀࡤ㸪ᖖ㆑ⓗ
࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࢁ࠺ࠋ
࡞㹇㹒ࢫ࢟ࣝࡸ▱㆑ࡶ㸪◊✲ᩍ⫱ࢆᮏົ࡜ࡍࡿ
⦅㞟సᴗࡢ㈇ᢸࢆ㍍ῶࡍࡿពᅗ࠿ࡽ࠿㸪ㄽᩥ➼
ᡃࠎ࡟ࡣᮍ▱ࡢ㡿ᇦ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪᪥ࠎ㐍Ṍࡍࡿ㹇㹁㹒
ࡢᢞ✏つᐃࡸせ㡯➼࡟ࡣ㸪ศ㔞ࡣ࡜ࡶ࠿ࡃ᭩ᘧࡸ
ࢆ๓⾨ⓗ࡟ྲྀࡾධࢀࡓฟ∧㐣⛬ࡣᬯኪ⾜㊰࡜࡞
ࣇ࢛ࣥࢺࡲ࡛⣽࠿ࡃᣦᐃࡋ࡚࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡶぢ᥃ࡅ
ࡽࡊࡿࢆ࠼࡞࠸ࠋᏛ⾡ฟ∧࡟ᦠࢃࡿ⇍㐩⪅ࡓࡕ࡟
ࡿࠋ“ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ⟶⌮ࡣ⮬ᕫ㈐௵”࡜ษࡾᤞ࡚࡚ࡋࡲ
ࡣ㸪ᖹซ࡞㹇㹒ࢫ࢟ࣝࡋ࠿ᣢࡓ࡞࠸ᇳ➹⪅ࡢྉࡧ
ࢃࡎ࡟㸪ࡇࢀࡽࢆά⏝ࡋ㸪ヨࡳ࡟ᮏ✏࡛⤂௓ࡋࡓ
࡟┿ᦸ࡟⪥ࢆഴࡅ㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓၥ㢟ࢆᮍ↛࡟㜵ࡄఱ
“ᩥ᭩ࡢసᡂᖺ᭶᪥ࢆࢹ࣮ࢱྡෑ㢌࡟ᤄධࡍࡿᡭ
ࡽ࠿ࡢ⤌⧊ࡸࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᵓ⠏࡟ྥࡅ㸪✚ᴟⓗ࡞ᥦ
ἲ”࡞࡝ࡶᣦ♧ࡋ࡚ࡳࢀࡤⰋ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ
ゝࢆࡋ࡚ḧࡋ࠸ࠋ
࠺ࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇ㸪ࡑࢀ࡛ࡶࢹ࣮ࢱࡢྲྀࡾ㐪࠼ࡣ㉳ࡇ
Ụ†࡟ࡣ“᜝ࡢୖሬࡾ”࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥࡀ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࡇ
ࡾ࠺ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࡀ㸪ࡑࡢຠᯝࡸᙳ㡪ࡣᑡ࡞࠿ࡽࡎ
ࡢ✀ࡢኻᩋ஦౛ࡀ✚ᴟⓗ࡟බ⾲ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪⟶
ᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡼ࠺ࠋ
ぢࡢ㝈ࡾ⛥ࡢࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢ⌮⏤ࡣ㸪⮬ศࡢኻ
ࡑࢀࡇࡑୡ⏺ⓗ࡞ᶒጾ࡜ࡉࢀࡿ⛉Ꮫ㞧ㄅ࡟ᥖ
ᩋࢆㄆࡵࡓࡃ࡞࠸࡜࠸ࡗࡓ༢⣧࡞⮬ᑛᚰ࡜࠸࠺
㍕ࡉࢀࡓඹྠ◊✲࡛ࡉ࠼㸪ࡑࢀࡀ࣑ࢫ࡜࠸࠺ࡼࡾ
ࡼࡾࡣ㸪࡝࠺࡟ࡶ㛵ಀ⪅࡟㏞ᝨࡀ᥃࠿ࡿࡇ࡜ࡔࡅ
ࡣ୙ṇ࡟࠶ࡓࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪◊✲⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᖖ㆑ࢆ
ࡣᅇ㑊ࡋࡓ࠸࡜࠸࠺ᜍᛧᚰ࡟㉳ᅉࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺
␲ࢃࡊࡿࢆ࠼࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞⍗⑅࡟ᙜ஦⪅ࡢㄡࡋࡶ
࡟ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ኻᩋ࠿ࡽᏛࡪࡇ࡜ࡢከࡉࢆ
ࡀẼ௜࠿ࡎ㸪බห࡟⮳ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢࡀྰࡵ࡞࠸⌧
୍㢳ࡍࢀࡤ㸪࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙧ࡛࠶ࢀኻᩋࢆ㜌࡟ⴿࡽ
ᐇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⌮⣔࣭ᩥ⣔ࢆၥࢃࡎ㸪௒ᚋ㸪Ꮫ⾡ฟ∧
ࡎ㸪බ⾲ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡢព⩏ࡣᚲࡎࡸ࠶ࡿࡣࡎ࡛࠶
࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫࡸ༴ᶵ⟶⌮ࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࡀ㸪Ꮫ⾡
ࡿࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࡼࡾἑᒣࡢ⤒㦂๎࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚㸪┿࡟
◊✲࡬ࡢಙ⏝ᗘࢆᢸಖࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ၥࢃࢀࡿ
㹇㹁㹒ࡢ㐍Ṍ࡟ᑐᛂࡋࡓᏛ⾡ฟ∧ࡢ⎔ቃᩚഛࡀ
ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ
㐍ࡵࡤ㸪Ꮫ⾡◊✲⮬యࡢ㉁ࡶᙜ↛࡟ྥୖࡍࡿࡇ࡜
ᮏ✏࡛⤂௓ࡋࡓ஦౛࡜ఝࡓࡼ࠺࡞ࢺࣛࣈࣝࡣ㸪
࡟࡞ࡿࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࠾ࡑࡽࡃ᪥ࠎᙜࡓࡾ๓ࡢࡼ࠺࡟Ⓨ⏕ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ
௒ᚋࡶࡇࡢࢸ࣮࣐࡟ࡘࡁ㸪◊✲άືࢆ⥅⥆ࡋ࡚
࡜࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࣃࢯࢥࣥ࡟ពᛮࡀ࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸
࠸ࡃ࠿ࡣ㸪௒ࡢ࡜ࡇࢁ඲ࡃᮍᐃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚㸪
ࡀ㸪≉ᐃࡢᶵ⬟ࡀ౑⏝⪅ࡢពᅗࢆ㉸࠼࡚స⏝ࡍࡿ
㑇᠍࡞ࡀࡽ⚾࡟ఱ࠿ᘓタⓗ࡞ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿぢ㏻
ࡇ࡜࡛㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࡇࢀࡽ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᙜ஦⪅㛫ࡢ⩦⇍
ࡋࡶⓙ↓࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞య㦂ࢆࡉࢀࡓ㛵
ᗘࡢᕪࡀᛮࢃࡠ⾜ࡁ㐪࠸ࢆ㉳ࡇࡍࠋྥᚋࡶ㹇㹁㹒
ಀ⪅ࡢⓙᵝ࠿ࡽయ㦂ㄯࡸࡈពぢࢆ࠾ᐤࡏ࠸ࡓࡔ
ࡢ㐍Ṍ࡜ඹ࡟ᛮࢃࡠᙧ࡛ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓၥ㢟ࡣ㉳ࡇࡾ
ࡅࢀࡤᖾ⏒࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸦[email protected]㸧
⥆ࡅ㸪୰࡟ࡣⴭసே᱁ᶒࢆ౵ᐖࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡼ࠺࡞
ࢣ࣮ࢫࡶⓎ⏕ࡍࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࡋ㸪฼౽ᛶࡢ௦ൾ࡛ࡣ
ᮎ➹࡞ࡀࡽ㸪௨ୖ㏙࡭ࡓ⤒㦂࡟ࡘࡁ㸪ᚚ㏞ᝨࢆ
῭ࡲࡉࢀ࡞࠸གྷ⅏ࢆᡃࠎ࡟ࡶࡓࡽࡍࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࢁ
࠾᥃ࡅࡋࡓⓙᵝ࡟ᑐࡋ㸪ᚰࡼࡾ࠾ルࡧ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲ
࠺ࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢၥ㢟ࡣ㸪⤖ᒁࡣཎᅉ✲᫂ࡀ
ࡍࠋㄔ࡟⏦ࡋヂࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ
220
ὀ
㸦1㸧ᣋⴭࠕࠗỤ†㸦ࡈ࠺ࡇ㸧᪂⪺࠘࡜⚟ᆅḈ⑵ࠖ㸦ࠗ᪥
ᮏᶫᏛ㤋኱Ꮫ⣖せ࠘➨ 11 ྕ㸪2012 ᖺ 3 ᭶㸧ࠋࡓ
࡜࠼ࡤ㸪ྠ኱Ꮫ࣮࣒࣮࣍࣌ࢪ࡛㸪㹆㹍㹋㹃>ᅗ᭩
㤋>⣖せ࡜࢔ࢡࢭࢫࡍࡿ࡜ࣂࢵࢡࢼࣥࣂ࣮ࡶྵ
ࡵ㸪ྠ⣖せࡢ඲ྕࡀ㜀ぴ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ௨ୗ㸪ᮏ✏࡟࠾
ࡅࡿ㹆㹎ࡢ࢔ࢡࢭࢫ᪥ࡣ㸪඲࡚ 2015 ᖺ㸷᭶ 12
᪥࡜ࡍࡿࠋ
http://www.kaichi.ac.jp/library/kiyo/
㸦2㸧ࣈࣟࢢࡢస⪅ࡣ㸪ྡྂᒇ኱Ꮫ࡛ᩥᏛࡢ༤ኈྕࢆྲྀ
ᚓࡉࢀࡓᩥᏛࡢᑓ㛛ᐙ࡜ࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ᑓᨷࡍ
ࡿᏛၥࡶ␗࡞ࡾ㸪ṧᛕ࡞ࡀࡽ⌧᫬Ⅼ࡛ࡣ㠃㆑ࡣ࡞
࠸ࠋ
http://blogs.yahoo.co.jp/fktouc18411906/114926
29.html
㸦3㸧ᣋⴭࠗᒣ⏣᪉㇂࡜ᚁ㡑ㄽ࠘㸦᪥ᮏ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ࠗἲ
Ꮫ◊✲ᖺሗ࠘➨ 32 ྕ㸪2003 ᖺ 3 ᭶㸧ࠋ
㸦4㸧౛࠼ࡤ㸪
ࠕso-zou.jp㸦http://so-zou.jp㸧ࠖࡸࠕEnno
㸦http://enno.jp㸧ࠖ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࢧ࢖ࢺࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸
ࡿࠋ
㸦5㸧࣐࢖ࢡࣟࢯࣇࢺ࡛ࡣ㸪〇ရࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࡢ୍⎔࡛㹕㹃
㹀ୖ࡛ࡶᩥ❶ᰯṇࢶ࣮ࣝࡢᶵ⬟ࡸ౑⏝᪉ἲࢆ⤂
௓࣭ゎㄝࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪᧯స࡟୙័ࢀ࡞⪅࡛ࡶࡇࢀࢆ
Ẽ㍍࡟౑࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
http://office.microsoft.com/ja-jp/word-help/HP0
10117963.aspx
㸦6㸧࡞࠾㸪ࡇࡢ࡯࠿ྠ᭩࡛ࡣ㸪ࠕ21 ᱁ᕪ♫఍
㸦pp136-140㸧ࠖࢆᐑᮏ‶἞㸪ᮡᒣᖾ୍࡜ඹྠ࡛
ᢸᙜࡋࡓࠋ
㸦7㸧ᛕࡢࡓࡵ࡟᩿ࡗ࡚࠾ࡃࡀ㸪ᮏᩥ୰ࡢ“ ”࡛ᣓࡗࡓ
㒊ศࡣᘬ⏝࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ᐇ㝿࡜ࡣูࡢ༢ㄒ࡟⨨ࡁ᥮
࠼࡚࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᮏ✏ࢆጤဨ」ᩘྡ࡟୍▌ࡋ࡚㡬
ࡁ㸪Ᏺ⛎⩏ົ࡟᢬ゐࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠸࡜ࡢᡤぢࢆᚓ
ࡓࡇ࡜ࡶ௜ゝࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ
㸦8㸧ẚ㍑ࡢᅗ࡟ࡣ㸪ᣋⴭࠕᖥᮎࡢ᤼እ࣭ඃ㉺୺⩏ⓗ
ᛮ⪃ᵝᘧ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ୍⪃ᐹࠖ㸦᪥ᮏἲᨻᏛ఍ࠗἲ
ᨻㄽྀ࠘➨ 42 ᕳ➨ 2 ྕ㸪2006 ᖺ 6 ᭶㸧ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋ
http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110004763505
㸦9㸧௨ୗ㸪㈨ᩱձ㹼յࡣ㸪୍⯡ⓗ࡞ࣃࢯࢥࣥ࡟ഛࢃࡗ
࡚࠸ࡿ Print Screen ᶵ⬟ࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚సᡂࡋࡓࠋ
ᮏ᮶࡞ࡽࡤ㸪㈨ᩱղ࡜ճࡣᐇ㝿ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ
࠿ࡗࡓࡀ㸪ㄗ㏦࡟Ẽ௜࠸ࡓ㝿㸪ΰ஘࡜↔⇱ࡢవࡾ
ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ኱㒊ศࢆᾘཤࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡓࡵ㸪ᙜ᫬ࡢ
≧ἣࢆ෌⌧ࡏࡊࡿࢆ࠼࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
㸦10㸧ࣇ࢓࢖ࣝྡࡢ⮬ື┬␎ࡣ㸪౑⏝ࡍࡿ࣓࣮ࣝࢯࣇ
ࢺࡸ Web ࣓࣮ࣝࢧ࢖ࢺ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚␗࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡛࠶
ࡿࡀ㸪ᗈࡃぢࡽࢀࡿ⌧㇟ࡢࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
http://answers.microsoft.com/ja-jp/outlook_com
/forum/oemail-oattach/%E6%B7%BB%E4%BB
%98%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4/4
658190b-f223-4463-bb9f-87a5ccdba8d8?tab=q
uestion&status=AllReplies&status=AllReplies%2
CAllReplies
㸦11㸧ࡕ࡞ࡳ࡟ USB ࡜ࡣ“Universal Serial Bus”ࡢࡇ
࡜࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪࠸ࢃࡺࡿ USB ࣓ࣔࣜ࡟ࡣ㸪“Flash
Drive”ࡸ“Flash Memory”࡞࡝ᵝࠎ࡞࿧⛠ࡀ࠶
ࡿࠋ
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
㸦12㸧⟶ぢࡢ㝈ࡾ㸪ࡇࡢ✀ࡢ USB ࣓ࣔࣜ࡟ࡣ㸪ࢭ࢟
ࣗࣜࢸ࢕࣮ࣟࢵࢡࡸࣃࢫ࣮࣡ࢻࣟࢵࢡᑐᛂ࡜࠸
ࡗࡓᵝࠎ࡞࿧⛠ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ౯᱁ࡶ㸪
㸲୓෇㉸ࡢࡶࡢ࠿ࡽᩘⓒ෇ࡢࡶࡢࡲ࡛✀ࠎᵝࠎ
࡛㸪࣓ࣔࣜᐜ㔞ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪ࣟࢵࢡࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ௙
⤌ࡳ࡞࡝࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡶ౯᱁࡟ᕪࡀฟࡿࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
㸦13㸧౑⏝ࡋࡓ࢘࢖ࣝࢫᑐ⟇ࢯࣇࢺࡣ㸪ࢺࣞࣥࢻ࣐࢖
ࢡࣟ♫ࡢ࢘࢖ࣝࢫࣂࢫࢱ࣮࡜㸪ࢩ࣐ࣥࢸࢵࢡ♫ࡢ
ࣀ࣮ࢺࣥࢭ࢟ࣗࣜࢸ࢕࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
㸦14㸧ᮏ✏࡛ᢅࡗࡓ஦౛࡟ࡘࡁ㸪ヨࡳ࡟▱ᕫࡢ◊✲⪅
ࡢᑓ㛛ᐙ㸰ྡ࡟ᡤぢࢆఛࡗࡓࡀ㸪ࡸࡣࡾࣃࢯࢥࣥ
ࡢ౑⏝⎔ቃ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᵝࠎ࡞ࢣ࣮ࢫࡀ᝿ᐃࡉࢀࡿ
ࡼ࠺࡛㸪཮᪉࡜ࡶࡑࡇࡀ≉ᐃ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࡜ཎᅉࡶࡣ
ࡗࡁࡾࡋ࡞࠸࡜ࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
㸦15㸧ࡇࡇ࡛ࡢᑓ㛛ᐙ࡜ࡣ㸪ᮏົᰯࡢ⫋ဨ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
㸦16㸧࡞࠾㸪ᅧᏥ㝔኱Ꮵ῰㇂࢟ࣕࣥࣃࢫ࡛ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡓ
◊✲Ⓨ⾲఍࡛ࡣ㸪ࠕ㹇㹁㹒(Information and
Communication Technology)࡟౫ᣐࡋࡓᏛ⾡ฟ
∧࡟₯ࡴ༴㝤㹼◊✲ᩍ⫱⪅ࡢ❧ሙ࠿ࡽࡍࡿ㆙࿌
㹼ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࢱ࢖ࢺࣝࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋ
຿߷̲ԍ≝‫ܖ‬ᘐЈ༿↚↭↓↾↺ᜂ˺ಅ↝ᩓ‫↚҄܇‬๼↯ᨋᆱ
Consideration about unexpected traps accompanying
with computerization of the working process in
scholarly publication.
Shugo Takigawa≍1
⁅⁠⁡⁢⁥⁛⁥‒ Recently, the progress of ICT is generating not only convenience but various problems in the
field of scholarly publication. This paper is case study of some failures which I experienced as
one university teacher: the confusion by programs of Spelling and Grammar checking, the
transmission of inappropriate manuscript by an attached file, and the bugs of USB flash drive
with a password function. We need to learn from unexpected mistakes, for academic freedom.
äääääääääääääääääääää‒
Key words‒……………………………………………………
scholarly publication, proofreading assistance, erroneous transmission of data,
password protecting flash drives, risk management of data
Ფ1 Faculty of Liberal Arts kaichi International University
KAICHI INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Bulletin No.15
221
‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
Ṕྐⓗ⫼ᬒ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ䣍୺࡜ࡋ࡚ḟࡢࢢࣜࣝࣃࣝࢶ䣴䤀సရ㞟ࡢὀ㔘ࢆཧ⪃࡟ࡋ
ࡓ䣎
Grillparzers Werke. Hrsg. von Rudolf Franz. 4. Bd. Leipzig, Wien: Bibliographisches Institut o. J. (Meyers Klassiker-Ausgaben)
ࢡࣛ࢘ࢹ䣵࣭࣐࢜ࢢࣜࢫ䥹㕥ᮌ㝯㞝䣍⸨஭ᛅ䣍ᮧᒣ㞞ேヂ䥺
䣕࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜ࢔ᩥᏛ࡜
ࣁࣉࢫࣈࣝࢡ⚄ヰ䣖᭩⫔㢼ࡢⷴⷪ䣍୍஑஑ࠐ䣍୍ඵ஑㡫䣎
2
Franz Grillparzer: Sämtliche Werke. Ausgewählte Briefe, Gespräche, Berichte.
Hrsg. von Peter Frank und Karl Pörnbacher. München (Hanser) 1964. Bd. 3, S.
1075.
༡ሯಙ࿃⦅䣕᪂∧ୡ⏺ྛᅜྐ୍஑ ࢻࢼ࣭࢘ࣚ䤀ࣟ䣹ࣃྐ䣖ᒣᕝฟ∧♫䣍୍஑஑
஑䣍୍୍஬㡫䣎
3
4
5
Jürgen Schröder: „Der Tod macht gleich“. Grillparzers Geschichtsdramen, S.
55, in: Gerhand Neumann und Günter Schnitzler (Hg.): Franz Grillparzer.
Historie und Gegenwärtigkeit, Freibuurg i. B. (Rombach) 1994, S. 37-57.
Franz Grillparzer: Selbstbiographie, S. 80, in: F. G., a.a.O. (Anm.4) Bd. 4, S.
20-178.
Jürgen Schröder, a.a.O. S. 50.
Franz Grillparzer: Sämtliche Werke. Historisch-kritische Gesamtausgabe, hg.
von August Sauer und Reinhold Backmann, Wien (Gerlach u. Wiedling; seit
1916: Schroll u. Co.) 1909-48. Bd 8, S. 187.
Vgl. Ulrich Fülleborn: Geschichtsdrama und geschichtliche Begebenheit. Ein
Beitrag zum Thema „Grillparzer und Geschichte“, S. 202, in: Elfriede Neubuhr
(Hg.): Geschichtsdrama, Darmstadt (Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft) 1980.
S. 189-207.
Vgl. Franz Grillparzer, a.a.O. (Anm.9), Bd. 8, S. 176f.
Franz Grillparzer: Ein treuer Diener seines Herrn, Vers 2002, in: F. G., a.a.O.
(Anm. 4) BD. 1, S. 1162.
ࣅ䣻䤀ࣄࢼ䤀ࡢᡭ⣬ཧ↷䣎ᡭሯᐩ㞝䣍༓⏣᫝ஓ䣍ᒾῡ㐩἞┘ಟ䣕ࢤ࢜ࣝࢡ࣭ࣅ䣻
䤀ࣄࢼ䤀඲㞟䣖Ἑฟ᭩ᡣ᪂♫䣍୍஑୐ࠐ䣍୕୍භ㡫䣎
䣓ࡦ࡜ࡾࡦ࡜ࡾࡢே㛫ࡣἼ㛫࡟ᾋ࠿ࡪ࠶ࡪࡃ࡟ࡍࡂࡎ䣍኱❧⪅ࡶ࡯ࢇࡢഅ↛ࡢ⏘≀
ࡔࡋ䣍ኳᡯࡀ⤫἞ࡍࡿ࡜࠸䣬ࡓ䣬࡚᧯ࡾேᙧ࡛䣍㕲ࡢἲ๎࡟ᑐࡋ࡚⁥✍༓୓࡞ᝏ
࠶ࡀࡁࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡔࡅ䣍ࡇࢀࢆㄆ㆑ࡍࡿࡢࡀே㛫࡟ࡣࡏ࠸࠸䣬ࡥ࠸࡛䣍ࡇࢀࢆᨭ
㓄ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ୙ྍ⬟࡞ࢇࡔ䣎䢧䢧ᚲ↛࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ䣍࠸ࡲࢃࡋ࠸࿚࠸ࡢゝⴥࡔ䣎ே
㛫ࡣࡇࡢὙ♩ࢆᤵࡅࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࢇࡔ䣔
䥹 ୰ᮧⱥ㞝ヂ䥺
223
6
7
9 8
10
12 11
13
ࡣ䣍࡞ࡐ࠿ࡑ࠺࡞䣬࡚ࡋࡲ࠺
ࣥ఍㆟௨๓ࡢリே䥹ࢤ䤀ࢸ࠿ࡽࢡࣛ࢖ࢫࢺࡲ࡛䥺ࡢసရࡀ䣓ⱁ⾡ⓗ┿ᐇࡣṔ
Ṥ࡝ࡢᡙ᭤ࢆ஬ᖥᵓᡂ࡟ࡋ䣍ࣈࣛࣥࢡࣦ䣴䤀ࢫࢆ⏝࠸࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡔࡀ䣍࢘䣵䤀
࡜ぢࡿࢢࣜࣝࣃࣝࢶ䣴䤀ࡣ䣍ྂ඾୺⩏ࡢఏ⤫ࡢᮎ⿰ࡓࡽࢇ࡜ࡍࡿ࠿ࡢࡼ࠺࡟䣍
᭱㧗ࡢㄢ㢟࡛࠶䣬ࡓ 䣎▱ᛶ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ᝟ືⓗ࡞ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞▐㛫ࡇࡑ䣍ᚰࡢෆ
ࡏ࡞࠸䣍ࡑࢀࡀᙼࡢⱁ⾡࡟࡜䣬࡚ࡢ䣍↓⌮ゎ࡟㝗ࡿ༴㝤ᛶࢆᏎࢇ࡛ࡣ࠸ࡿࡀ䣍
ᇉ㛫ぢࡉࡏࡘࡘ䣍ཷᐜ⪅ࡢឤぬ࡜ឤᛶ࡟ッ࠼࡚䣍๻ࡢᡂࡾ⾜ࡁ࡟᭷↓ࢆゝࢃ
ྜࡼࡃఱࡶ࠿ࡶ㤳ᑿ୍㈏ࡍࡿ⌧ᐇ࡞࡝࠶ࡾ࠼࡞࠸࠿ࡽ䣍ᅉᯝ㛵ಀࡢ୙୍⮴ࢆ
10
ྐⓗ┿ᐇ࡟ඃඛࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ඹ㏻ࡢ⌮᝿୺⩏ⓗᇶ┙ 䣔ࡢୖ࡟ᡂࡾ❧䣬࡚࠸ࡿ
7
ࡼ࠺࡟సရࢆ௙⤌ࢇ࡛ࡺࡃ䣎ࡑࢀࡀ䣍ࣜ࢔
࡚ࡣ䣍ྠ᫬௦ࡢ௚ࡢ๻సᐙࡀᙧᘧୖࡢ⣙᮰஦ࢆ◚Რࡋ䣍ᩓᩥ࡟ࡼ䣬࡚సရࢆ
ࣜࢬ࣒᫬௦ࡢリேࡓࡿࢢࣜࣝࣃࣝࢶ䣴䤀≉᭷ࡢ๻సἲ࡛࠶ࡿ 䣎ࡋ࠿ࡶ䣍㒔
䢣
᭩࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ䣍⮬㌟ࢆ䣓ᩓᩥࡢ᫬௦࡟ධ䣬࡚ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓ᭱ᚋࡢリே 䣔
224
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ
୍᪉䣍ࢢࣜࣝࣃࣝࢶ䣴䤀ࡣ䣓ࢃࡓࡋࡣࢃࡓࡋ⮬㌟࡟ࡋࡤࡋࡤ㦫ࡃ䣎⌧ᐇࡢࡇ
࡜ࢆ⢭⚄ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡼࡾࡣࡿ࠿࡟ඃඛࡉࡏ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸䣍ࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟࣏࢚ࢪ䤀ࢆࡍ
䣬࠿ࡾࡔ࠸࡞ࡋ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔ 䣔࡜୍ඵ஧භᖺࡢ᪥グࡢ୰࡛៓Ⴣ
ࡍࡿ䣎
࡛ࡣ䣍ࣜ࢔ࣜࢬ࣒࡬ࡢ⛣⾜ᮇ࡟⏕ࡁࡓࡇࡢ๻సᐙࡢᩥᏛⓗᡓ␎࡜ࡣ࠸࠿࡞
ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿䣎
Ṕྐ๻࡜࠸࠺ࢪ䣺࡛ࣥࣝࡣ䣍ㅖࠎࡢṔྐୖࡢฟ᮶஦ࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟⧅ࡂ࠶ࢃ
ࡏ䣍ࡑࢀ࡟Ⓩሙே≀ࡢᚰ⌮ࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟⤡ࡵ࡚ࡺࡃ࠿ࡀస⪅࡟୚࠼ࡽࢀࡓㄢ
㢟࡛࠶ࡿ䣎➃ⓗ࡞౛ࢆᣲࡆࡿ䣎䣓ᠱ࿨࡟ࡓࡵࡽ࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ၏୍ࡢᩆ࠸࡜ぢࡓ䣔
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࡣ䣍➨୕ᖥࡢ⤊ࢃࡾ࡟࠾࠸࡚䣍࡞ࡐࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ࡟ฟරࢆチྍࡋ
࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢ࠿䣎⤖ᯝࡣண᝿࡝࠾ࡾ䣍ྲྀࡾ㏉ࡋࡢࡘ࠿࡞࠸ኻᩋ࡟⤊ࢃࡿ䣎ᐇᅾ
ࡋࡓࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡳࢀࡤ䣍࠶ࢀࡇࢀኳ⛗࡟࠿ࡅ࡚⬚⟬⏝ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࢁ
࠺䣎ࡑࢀ࡞ࡽࡤ䣍ࡇࡢ⾜ື࡜⤖ᯝࡣே⏕ࡢ⓶⫗ࡔ䣬ࡓ䣍࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣㄗ䣬ࡓ㑅ᢥ
ࢆࡋࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ䣎ࡔࡀࢢࣜࣝࣃࣝࢶ䣴䤀࡟ࡼࡿࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࡣ䣍௚ࡢ
ዟ࡟㞃ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⚄ࡢ⛛ᗎࡀ䣓࠸࡜㧗ࡁ⚄ࡢ౑⪅ࡓࡿഅ↛ 䣔࡜࠸࠺ᙧࢆྲྀ䣬
11
䣎ࡑࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࢢࣜࣝࣃࣝࢶ䣴䤀ࡢᚲ↛ࡣㅉほࢆಁࡋࡣࡋ࡚ࡶ⹫↓ⓗ࡛ࡣ
࠺࡞ᢈホࡣᙜࡓࡽ࡞࠸䣎ࣅ䣻䤀ࣄࢼ䤀ࡢᚲ↛ࡣே㛫ࢆ⹫ࡋ࠸᧯ࡾேᙧ࡟ࡍࡿ
࠾࠸࡚⤖ᯝⓗ࡟㐣ࡕࡔ䣬ࡓ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡶ䣍ហ⾜࡜࠿ᐟ࿨࡜࠸䣬ࡓே⏕ࡢᶵᚤࡢࡼ
࡚ࡩ࡜⌧ࢀࡿ⮳㧗ࡢ᫬࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ䣎࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࡢ⾜ື࡟ࡣ䣍⌧ᐇ࡟
12
࡞࠸䣎ࡓࡵࡽ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ㈼᫂ࡔ࡜ศ࠿䣬࡚࠸ࡓ࡟ࡶᣊࡽࡎ䣍ࡘ࠸⾜ື࡟ฟ࡚ࡋ
ࡲ࠺ࡢࡣ䣍Ṕྐࡀேࡢᛮᝨ࡜↓㛵ಀ࡟ືࡃ▐㛫࡛࠶ࡾ䣍ࡑࡇ࡟௚ࡢ๻సᐙ࡟
ࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸䣑അ↛䣒ࡢࢻ࣐ࣛࡀ⌧ࢀࡿ䣎ఙࡿ࠿཯ࡿ࠿ࡢุ᩿ࢆୗࡍ᫬䣍⤖
ᯝࡀぢ࡜࠾ࡏࡿேࡣ࠸࡞࠸䣎⾜ືࢆ㉳ࡇࡍ᫬䣍ேࡣⰋᚰࢆᤞ࡚࡚Ỵ᩿ࡋ࡞ࡃ
࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸䣎ࡔࡀ◚⁛ࡢ㐨ࢆࡓ࡝䣬ࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ䣍ࡑࢀࡣṔྐ䣍ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕே
㛫ࡶྵࡵࡓ⮬↛ࡢᡂࡾ⾜ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡇࡢ௚ᚊⓗ஦ᐇࢆㄆࡵ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸䣎
㡫䥺ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎
അ↛࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡶᚲ↛࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡑࡋ࡚䣓ࡑࡢ⌮⏤࡜ṇᙜᛶࡣ䣍⌧ᐇࡀࡑ
࠺࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡟࠶ࡿ䣔䥹
ὀ
‒ ‒
㑅ᢥ⫥࡜ẚ㍑⪃㔞ࡋุ࡚᩿ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎ࡘࡲࡾ㑅ᢥࡍࡿ⮬⏤ࡢ࡞
࠸ᚲ↛࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎⌮⏤ࢆヮ⣴ࡋ࡚ࡳ࡚ࡶ⟅࠼ࡣぢࡘ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸䣎┤๓ࡲ࡛⾜
䢣
ᮏ✏࡟ࡣ䣍௨ୗࡢᣋㄽࡢෆᐜࢆ㒊ศⓗ࡟෌ㄝࡋࡓಶᡤࡀ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ࠶ࡽ
࠿ࡌࡵ᩿ࢃ䣬࡚࠾ࡃ䣎
㜿㒊㞝୍䣓ࢢࣜࣝࣃࣝࢶ䣴䤀䣕ࣁࣉࢫࣈࣝࢡᐙࡢ඗ᘵத࠸䣖
࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜ࢔࣭
ࣅ䤀ࢲ䤀࣐࢖ࣖ䤀ࡢ୍඾ᆺ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢṔྐ๻సရ䣔
䥹୰ኸ኱Ꮫேᩥ⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ⦅䣕ࣁ
ࣉࢫࣈࣝࢡᖇᅜࡢࣅ䤀ࢲ䤀࣐࢖ࣖ䤀䣖୰ኸ኱Ꮫฟ∧㒊䣍஧ࠐࠐ୕䣍୕䢣୕භ㡫䥺
ືࡍࡿពᛮࡀ࡞࠿䣬ࡓࡢ࡟࡞ࡐ࠿⨫ྡࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺䣎ࡑࢀࡣ䣍ⓚᖇࡢពᛮࡸࣞ
࠶ࡿ࠸
䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺࡢ⇕ព࡜ࡣ↓㛵ಀ࡟䣍࠸ࢃࡤ᫬ࡀ‶ࡕ࡚ࡦ࡜ࡾ࡛࡟⏕ࡌࡿฟ᮶஦
䢣
257
8
࡞ࡢࡔ䣎ฟ᮶஦඲యࡢὶࢀ࠿ࡽ࡝࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶࡑ࠺࡞ࡽࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸
13
1
9
䥹
㡫䥺
ୡ㛫࡛᪂ࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜࡛ࡶ㸽 ࡶ䣬࡜ࡶ࠸ࡘ࡛ࡶྠࡌࡇ࡜䣎ྂࡁࡶࡢࡣཤࡾ䣍
᪂ࡋࡁࡶࡢࡣ⏕ࡲࢀࡿ䣎
㐩ほࡋ࡚䣍ୡࡢ୰ࡶே⏕ࡶ࡝࠺࡞ࢁ࠺࡜ྠࡌࡇ࡜䣍࡜ゝ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼࡚ࡼ
࠸ࡔࢁ࠺䣎࡛ࡣ䣍ྂ࠸ࡶࡢ࡜᪂ࡋ࠸ࡶࡢ࡜ࡣ࡝࠺࠸࠺㛵ಀ࡟࠶ࡿࡢ࠿䣎ࢢࣜ
ࣝࣃࣝࢶ䣴䤀ࡣ࠶ࡿᩥ❶䥹୍ඵᅄᅄᖺ䥺ࡢ୰࡛ࡇ࠺ㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎
䣓ࢽࣄ࣭ࣝ
ࢡ ᐙ ࡢ ᖇ ᅜ ⌮ ᛕ ࡜ ࢝ ࢺ ࣜ 䣹 ࢡ ࡢ ᬑ 㐢 ୺ ⩏ ࡢ ᰿ ᮏ ࡀ ᏶ ඲ ࡟ ྰ ᐃ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ࡢ࡛ ࠶
䣬ࡓ 䣔
䣎࠾ࡑࡽࡃ䣍ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓṔྐⓗ஦ᐇࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚࡛࠶ࢁ࠺䣍ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ
ᖇࡢᔂᚚࢆሗ࿌ࡋ࡟᮶ࡓࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබࡣ䣍࡯࠿࡞ࡽࡠࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ࡟ྥ
࠿䣬࡚၈✺࡟䣍
Ṛࡋ࡚ேࡣⓙ➼ࡋࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ㄡࡋࡶṚࢆචࢀࡿࢃࡅ࡟ࡣࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎
㡫䥺
ࡇࡢ࿨㢟ࡣ඲ࡃṇࡋ࠸䣎ࡶ࠺୍᪉ࡢ䣍ྂ࠸ࡶࡢࡣ஧ᗘ࡜ᡠࡽ࡞࠸䣍࡜࠸࠺࿨
௦ࡣ䣍ே࡟ຓࡅࡽࢀࡿ௨ୖ࡟䣍຾ᡭ࡟࡝࠺࡟࠿ษࡾᢤࡅ࡚ࡺࡃࡶࡢ䣔
䥹
࡜ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ࠿ࡽࡢ㑇ゝࡢࡼ࠺࡟ㄒࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡇࡢ⛉ⓑࡢ┤๓࡟ࡶ䣍䣓᫬
䥹
㢟࡜඲ࡃྠᵝ࡟ṇࡋ࠸䣎䢧䢧ᖖ࡟᪂ࡋࡃ࡞ࡿ≧ἣࡢ୰࡟࠶ࡿྂ࠸ࡶࡢࡀୡ⏺
࡜ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ࡟ゝࢃࢀ䣍ࢃࡀୡࡢ᫓ࡢ฿᮶ࢆ႐ࡪࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࡣฟ㰯ࢆ
ࡾ௜ࡅࡓࡶࡢࡢ䣍᪂ࡋ࠸᫬௦࡟ᑐࡋ࡚᭷ຠ࡞ᥐ⨨ࢆỴ᩿࡛ࡁࡎ䣍ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ
኱ᅋ෇࡟⮳ࡿ┤๓࡟ㄒࡽࢀࡿࡇࡢㅉほࡇࡑࡀྂ࠸᰾࡛࠶ࡾ䣍ᐇࡣࡇࡢసရࡢ
㏻ዌప㡢࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࠿䣎
஬劣ࢢࣜࣝࣃࣝࢶ勊勖ࡢ₇๻
㏨ࡉ࡞࠸ࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿䣎୕༑ᖺᡓத࡟࠾࠸࡚ᙼࡣ䣍ࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱ࢖ࣥ࡟ࡼ䣬
஧ୡ䣍ᅾ఩୍භ୍஑䢣୕୐䥺ࡣྂ࠸᰾ࢆㄆ㆑ࡋ䣍࠿ࡘ᪂ࡋ࠸ࡘ࡞ࡀࡾ᪉ࢆぢ
࡛ࡣ䣍᪂᫬௦ࢆᢸ࠺ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ䥹⚄⪷ࣟ䤀࣐ⓚᖇࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ
໬ࡋࡓ䣍ྠ᫬௦ࡢࢤ࢜ࣝࢡ࣭ࣅ䣻䤀ࣄࢼ䤀䥹୍ඵ୍୕䢣୕୐䥺ࡢ䣕ࢲࣥࢺࣥ
ゝ࠸࠿࠼࡚䣍ึᮇࣜ࢔ࣜࢬ࣒䥺࡜ゝࢃࢀࡿ䣎ࢽࣄࣜࢬ࣒ࡸ ୡ ⏺ ⱞ ࢆసရ
ྐୖ࡛ࡣᚋᮇ࣐ࣟࣥ୺⩏࠿ࡽࣜ࢔ࣜࢬ࣒࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ࡢ㐣Ώᮇ䥹࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࡑࢀࢆ
୕᭶๓ᮇ࡜࠸࠺䣍ࢢࣜࣝࣃࣝࢶ䣴䤀ࡀ๻సᐙ࡜ࡋ࡚άືࡋࡓ᫬௦ࡣ䣍ᩥᏛ
࡚຾฼ࢆᚓࡓࡾࡶࡍࡿࡀ䣍஦ែࡣ୍㐍୍㏥䣍ࡘ࠸࡟ࡣࡑࡢࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱ࢖
ࡢṚ䣖䥹୍ඵ୕஬䥺ࡸࢡࣜࢫࢸ䣵࢔࣭ࣥࢹ䣵䤀ࢺࣜࣄ࣭ࢢࣛ䣹࣋䥹୍ඵࠐ୍
ࣥࢆᬯẅࡉࡏࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ䣍ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣྐᐇ࡜ࡋ࡚▱䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎≬ಙⓗ࢝ࢺࣜ䣹
䢣୕භ䥺ࡢ䣕ࢼ࣏ࣞ࢜ࣥ䣖
䥹୍ඵ୕୍䥺࡜ྠᵝ䣍
䣕඗ᘵத࠸䣖ࡶ䣍ᮍ᮶࡞࠸ࡋ
ࣦ䣷ࣝࢺ࣭ࢩ䣻࣓ࣝࢶ
ࢡಙᚐࡢᙼࡶ⤖ᒁࡣᚿ࡞ࡽࡎࡋ࡚ୡࢆཤ䣬ࡓ䣎ࡑࡢᚋ䣍୍භᅄඵᖺ࡟ᡓதࢆ
㡫䥺ࡢࡇࡔࡲ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎
235
ᮍ᮶࡬ࡢࣃ䤀ࢫ࣌ࢡࢸ䣵ࣈࡢ࡞࠸Ṕྐ๻࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡘࡲࡾ䣍Ṕྐࡀே㛫ⓗ࡞㐍
㡫䥺ࡣ䣍ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࡢྠࡌ⛉ⓑ䥹➨୍ᖥ䣍
ᖇࡢ↓Ⅽࡢᚚ௦ࢆ⸽ࡽࡏጞࡵࡿ䣎ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ䣍ᙼࡢ䣓ࡦ࡜ࡾ࡟࡞ࡾࡓ࠸䣔䥹➨
஬ᖥ䣍
㡫䥺
ࡢỌ㐲ࡢཎືຊ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎Ṕྐࢆ㐺ษ࡟ᛂ⏝ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ⪅ࡣ䣍᪂ࡋ࠸≧ἣ࠿
࡚䣍᪂ࡋ࠸ࡘ࡞ࡀࡾ᪉ࡀฟ᮶࡚࠸ࡿࡢࢆぢ㏨ࡋ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ 䣔
ࡃࡌ࠿ࢀࡿ䣎⚄ࡢ⛛ᗎࢆ➨୍⩏࡜ࡋ䣍㐍Ṍࢆ᠜␲ࡍࡿస⪅࡟࡜䣬࡚䣍౧ࡋ࠸
ࣀࣦ䣵࣭࢖࣭࣒ࣥࣥࢻ䣍࡜ேࡣゝ࠺䣍ࡇࡢୡ࡟᪂ࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡣఱࡶ㉳ࡽ࡞࠸䣎
5
ࡽྂ࠸᰾ࢆ๕ᢔࡋ࡚ㄆ㆑ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡋ䣍ྂ࠸ᵓᡂせ⣲࡟┠ࢆዣࢃࢀ
235
245
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫࡣ䣍▱ᜨ⪅ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࡢ࠾࠿ࡆ࡛ࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࡢᨭᣢࢆྲྀ
4
⤊⤖ࡉࡏࡓࣦ䣷ࢫࢺࣇ䣴䤀ࣞࣥ᮲⣙ࡣ䣍
䣓ࢻ࢖ࢶㅖ౳࡟᏶඲࡞ᅜᐙ୺ᶒࢆㄆ
285
Ṍⓗᛶ᱁ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ಙ௮ࡀ࡞ࡃ࡞䣬࡚ࡋࡲ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ 䣎ࡲࡓᙧᘧ࡟㛵ࡋ
235
ࡵ䣍࢝ࢺࣜ䣹ࢡ࡜ࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࡢྠᶒ໬ࡶබㄆࡋࡓ䣎ࡘࡲࡾ䣍ࣁࣉࢫࣈࣝ
6
‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
225
㡫࠾ࡼࡧヂὀ㸰䥺
␗㆟࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡋ࠿ࡶ᪂᫬௦ࡢ⏦ࡋᏊࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࡀࢫ࢟ࢱ࢖ࡸࣁࢨ䤀ࣝ࡜࠸䣬
ࡅ๓ࢆ䣍࠸ࡸ䣍඲㒊ࡼࡇࡏ䣎ࢃࢀࡽࡀከᩘὴ࡛䣍ᙉ⪅࡞ࢇࡔ࠿ࡽ䣎࠶ࢇࡓࡽ
᭱ᗏ㎶࠿ࡽ䣍ぢࡿࡶ࠾ࡒࡲࡋ࠸໬ࡅ≀ࡀ㏺࠸ୖࡀ䣬࡚ࡃࡿ䣎䢧䢧࠾ࢀ࡟ࡶศ
࢝࢖ࢨ䤀
ࡓ ␗ Ẹ ᪘ ࠿ࡽ ࡛ ࡣ ࡞ ࡃ 䣍 ⓚ ᖇ ⮬ ㌟ ࡢ ୰ ࠿ ࡽ ⏕ ࡲ ࢀ ࡓ 䥹
࡜ྠࡌே㛫࡞ࢇࡔ䣎ࢃࢀࡽ࡟ᶒ฼ࢆ䣍࡜࡞䣔
㡫䥺
䣎ࡇࡢ㝵⣭࡟ᩘࡢຊ࡛ᢲ
ࡼ࠺࡟䣍᪂᫬௦ࡢࢼࢩ䣼ࢼࣜࢫࢺࡓࡕࡶࡲࡓ䣍௚ᡤࡢዀ≮࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ䣍࢜䤀ࢫ
ࢺࣜ࢔ᖇᅜ⮬㌟ࡢෆ㒊࠿ࡽ⏕ࡲࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡢࡔ䣎
ᅛᏲࡢ❧ሙࢆ࡜ࡿ⪅࡟࡜䣬୍࡚Ṍࡶ㏥ࡅ࡞࠸஦ែ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎๻ࡀ༴ᶵព㆑ࡢ
㈗᪘୺⩏࡜ࡶྲྀࢀࡿࡀ䣍ࡴࡋࢁ䣍࣐ࢢࣜࢫ࡟ࡼࡿࢢࣜࣝࣃࣝࢶ䣴䤀ࡢᛮ᝿࣭
ࡓ೧኱࡞ࡶࡢࡀࡍࡓࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࡜࠸࠺༴᝹ࢆ࠸ࡔࡃ䣎ហ᫕࡞኱⾗ࢆぢࡃࡔࡍ
⌧๓໬࡛࠶ࡾ㢧ᅾ໬࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡍࡿ࡞ࡽ䣍⌧ᐇࡢ≧ἣࢆࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ஧ୡࡢ᫬௦
䢣
࡛࠶ࡿ䣎Ṕྐୖ䣍↓Ⅽ↓⟇࡜ㄦㅫࡉࢀࡿࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࡔࡀ䣍సရ࡛ࡣࡑࢀࢆ㏫
࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡜ⱞࡋࡴࡇ࡜䣔
䥹
࡬ྥ࠿࠺ὶ ࢀࡣࡶࡣࡸṆ ࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠸࡜ ศ ࠿䣬࡚ ࠸ࡓࡣ ࡎ
࡟࡞ࡒࡽ࠼ࡿࢢࣜࣝࣃࣝࢶ䣴䤀࡟ࡣ䣍Ṕྐࡢ㊅ໃ࡜ࡋ࡚◚ᒁ
䢣
㡫䥺࡜ゝ࠸䣍
࡚ ᅜ ᐙࡢศ⿣
ᡭ࡟࡜䣬࡚䣍䣓ᠱ࿨࡟ࡓࡵࡽ࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ၏୍ࡢᩆ࠸࡜ぢࡓ䣔䥹
ᗎࢆቯ஘ࡋ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸䣎ࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ࠸࠿࡞ࡿ㐍Ṍࡶࡶࡣࡸ⫯ᐃࡋ࠼ࡎ䣍
㡫䥺࡞ࡢࡔ䣎⚄࡟ࡼ䣬࡚ࡑࡇ࡟ࡶࡓࡽࡉࢀࡓ⛛
⋤࡜ࡋ࡚࠸࠿࡟ᛮ៖࡟ᐩࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ࠿ࢆぢࡏࡿ䣎ࡲࡓ䣍⋤࡜࠸࠺Ꮡᅾࡢ㔜せᛶ
ࡋࢁ䣍୰ᚰⅬࡀᚲせࡔ࠿ࡽ࡜࠸࠺ࡔࡅ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎䢧䢧཰✭ࡋ࡚ࡳࡿ࡜䣍㇏సࡶ
ᅄ劣Ṛࡋ࡚ேࡣⓙ➼ࡋࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡍ
࢔ⓚᖇ࡜ࡑࡢྲྀࡾᕳࡁ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ᥾ᥟ࡜ྲྀࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࡛ࡁࡿ䣎ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ୙ᩗ⨥࡟
࡞࠸㔜኱࡞⾜ືࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ࡟ࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀ࡢ⤫ᖊᶒࢆ୚࠼䣍࣎
䣓㈼᫂࡟ࡓࡵࡽ࠺䣔࡜ゝ࠺ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࡔࡀ䣍సရࡢ୰࡛୕ᗘ䣍ᚋᡠࡾ࡛ࡁ
ၥࢃࢀ࠿ࡡ࡞࠸⛉ⓑࡣ䣍⏕๓࡟බ⾲ࡍࡿពᛮࡀ࡞࠿䣬ࡓ࠿ࡽࡇࡑ᭩ࡅࡓࡢࡔ
࣑࣊࢔➼᪘ࡢせồࢆཷࡅ࡚ສチ≧࡟⨫ྡࡋ䣍ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ࡟ࣃ䣹ࢧ࢘㌷ࡢ㐍
㡫䥺ࡢ୺ᙇࡣ䣍ᙜ᫬ࡢ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜ
ࢁ࠺䣎స⪅ࡣ䣍㒓ᅵឡࡣᙉ࠿䣬ࡓࡀ䣍ᙜ᫬ࡢⓚᖇࡸᐓ┦࣓䣹ࢸࣝࢽࣄ࡟ࡣᢈ
㌷ࢆチྍࡋࡓ䣎࠸ࡎࢀࡶ䣍ᙼࡢᛮ⪃ཎ⌮࠿ࡽࡍࢀࡤ䣍᪩ィ࡞⾜Ⅽ䣍࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ
Ⅽࡔ䣬ࡓ䣎
ࡉࡏ䣍ᙼࡀఱࡼࡾࡶᚷ㑊ࡋࡓ࠿䣬ࡓෆᡓ࡟ྥ࠿࠺ṔྐࡢṌࡳࢆຍ㏿ࡉࡏࡿ⾜
ุⓗࡔ䣬ࡓ䣎࠶ࡲࡘࡉ࠼䣍ࡑࢀࡲ࡛ఱᗘࡶ᳨㜀ไᗘ࡟ⱞỒࢆ㣧ࡲࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ䣎
࡚ࡁࡓ࣐䣹ࢡࢫ࡜ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ࡟ࡇ࠺ゝ࠺䣎
ࡍ࡭࡚ࡀ⤊ࢃࡾ䣍⮬ศࡢ᫬௦ࡀཤࡾ䣍㌾⚗ࡉࢀࡿ㌟࡟࡞䣬ࡓ᫬䣍ᙼࡣゼࡡ
ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ䣍సရ୰࡛༑୐ୡ⣖࠿ࡽ㐓⬺ࡋ࡚ゝཬࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䥹䣓ࡑࡋ࡚ࡘ࠸࡟ࡣ
䣬ࡓ᫬௦࡟䣍ປാ⪅ഃ࡟⌮ゎࡣ♧ࡋ࡚ࡶ䣍୚ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠿䣬ࡓ䣎ࡑࡢⅬ࡟
ࡉࡽ࡟䣍ປാ⪅㝵⣭ࡀྎ㢌ࡋ䣍ᨻᗓࡀゝㄽࡸᨻ἞άືࢆᑒẅࡋࡁࢀ࡞ࡃ࡞
ࢆᢲࡋ࡜࡝ࡵ䣍⌧ᐇࡢᨻయࢆㆤᣢࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ䣎
ࡑࡶࡑࡶࡍ࡭ࡁ࡛࡞࠿䣬ࡓ⾜Ⅽ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡋ࠿ࡶࡑࢀࡒࢀ䣍ᖇᅜࡢΰ஘ࢆቑ኱
ࡓࡲ࡟ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ䣍 ୙సࡀ ࡓࡧࡓࡧࡔ䣔
263
ࡑࢀ࡟ࡶᣊࡽࡎ䣍ⱞࡋ⣮ࢀ࡜ࡶྲྀࡾ࠺ࡿリྃࢆ୪࡭࡚ࡲ࡛䣍㏕ࡾࡃࡿ᪂᫬௦
265
ࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎
ಙࡌࡽࢀࡿᮍ᮶ࡣ࡞࠸䣎ࡇࡢసရࡣ⏕๓࡟࠾࠸࡚ୡ࡟ၥ࠼ࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠿䣬
㡫䥺࡜⋤ᶒୡくࡢ᭷ຠᛶ䥹
䣓┦⥆ᶒ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ䣍ᨭ㓄⪅ࡀ
244
ᑗ᮶ࡶ೧኱࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࡜ぢ㎸ࢇ࡛䣍ᖇᅜࡸᅜᐙ࡟ᑟධࡉࢀࡓࡢࡔ࡜ᛮ࠺࠿䣎ࡴ
ࡽᚲせ࡞ࡢࡔ䣔
3
265
䥹䣓ࢃࡓࡋࡣࡇࡢୡࢆ᮰ࡡࡿ⤎ࡔ䣎⮬㌟ࡣఱࡢᙺ࡟ࡶ❧ࡓࢇࡀ䣍᮰ࡡᙺࡔ࠿
䣍฼
䣍ࡣ䣍⚄ࡢᜠᑋ࡟ᑐࡍࡿෑ℔ࢆព࿡ࡋ䣍ࡑࡋ࡚ഇၿⓗ࡞
ᨻᗓ≧ែࢆ⏕ࡳ䣍ᶒ
䣍➼
䣍ࡣ䣍㔝⻅࡟㏻ࡌࡿ 䣔
ᖹ
䥹ഐⅬ➹⪅䥺
䣎ࡺ࠼࡟䣍ே㛫ࡢᮏ᮶ࡢᶒ฼࡜ࡣ䣓㣚
䣍⏤
䣍ࡣ䣍⪷࡞ࡿ⤎ࢆ᩿ࡕษ䣬࡚䣍↓⛛ᗎ࡜↓
ಙ᮲ࡢㄝ᫂࡟⪥ࢆഴࡅࡓ࠸䣎䣓⮬
263
ෆ஘䣍ࡑࡋ
ࡋษࡽࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓࡽ䣍ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ᇵ䣬࡚ࡁࡓⱁ⾡䣍Ꮫၥ䣍ᅜᐙ䣍ᩍ఍࡜࠸䣬
263
226
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ
‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
ࡼࡃࡤⓚᖇ఩ࡢᚋ⥅࡟ᣦྡࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ㄽࢇ࡛࠸ࡓ䣎
බࡢᥦ᱌ࢆཷࡅධࢀࡿ䣎ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺࡣ䣍࣑࣎࣊࢔⋤఩ࡢᚋ⥅䣍ࡉࡽ࡟࠶ࢃ
࡟ࡣ䣍ࣃ䣹ࢧ࢘㌷ࢆ౑䣬࡚࣑࣎࣊࢔ࡢ᢬ᢠࢆᡴ◚ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ኱
࠿ࡋⓚᖇࡣࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡶࣜ䤀࣋ࣥ༠ᐃ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡶ୙ㄔᐇ࡛䣍⨫ྡࡢ஧᪥ᚋ
࡟⨫ྡࡍࡿ䣎ࡇࢀ࡟ࡼ䣬࡚䣍ࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࡢ᐀ᩍࡢ⮬⏤ࡀ☜ಖࡉࢀࡿ䣎ࡋ
⏫ࢆไᅽࡍࡿ䣎஘ᭀ⊋⸘ࡀᇛෆ࡟ࡲ࡛ཬࡪ࡟⮳䣬࡚䣍ⓚᖇࡣㆡṌࡋ䣍ສチ≧
ࡲࡍ⃭ࡋࡃ࡞ࡾ䣍ࡘ࠸࡟୍භ୍ඵᖺ䣍๓ᖺ࠿ࡽ࣑࣎࣊࢔⋤࡟࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡓࣇ䣷
ᘓタࡀ㏵୰࡛ᕪࡋṆࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡇࢀ࡟㢮ࡋࡓၥ㢟ࡀᑿࢆᘬࡁ䣍࠿ࡘࡲࡍ
ࡢ኱ಟ㐨㝔㛗ࡢ␗㆟࡟ࡼࡾ䣍ࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࡀᙜヱᩍ༊࡟ᘓ࡚࡚࠸ࡓᩍ఍ࡢ
ࡽࡢࡓ࠼ࡊࡿᡓ࠸ࡀ୙Ᏻࢆເࡽࡏࡿ࠿ࡽࡔ䣎୍භ୍୍ᖺ࡟ࡍ࡛࡟ࣈࣛ࢘ࢼ࢘
ⓚᖇ఩ࡶ⥅ᢎࡋࡓࡀ䣍ࡇࡢᶒຊࢆ႐ࡤ࡞࠸䣎ࡑࢀࡣ࡜ࡾࢃࡅ䣍ୡくᆅࡢ➼᪘
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇᖇࡣ୍භ୍஧ᖺ䣍஬༑஑ṓ࡛Ṛཤࡍࡿ䣎࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫࡣࡘ࠸࡟
సရࡢෆᐜ࡜㐪䣬࡚䣍ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ࣭ࣇ䣸࣭ࣥࣈࣛ࢘ࣥࢩ䣻ࣦ䣴࢖ࢡබࡣ䣍
໬䥹ᑐᢠ᐀ᩍᨵ㠉ࡢ୍⎔䥺࡟཯Ⓨࡋࡓࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺ➼᪘ࡀ䣍ࣉࣛࣁᇛ࡛❆
ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ࣭ࣇ䣸࣭ࣥࢩ䣻ࢱ࢖ࣖ䤀࣐ࣝࢡ࡟ࡼࡿ࣑࣎࣊࢔ࡢ෌࢝ࢺࣜ䣹ࢡ
ᐇ㝿࡟ࡣ୍භ୍ࠐᖺ௨㝆࡟࡞䣬࡚ࡼ࠺ࡸࡃ䣍࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫࡸࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ࡜
እᨺᨈ஦௳䥹ヂὀ
䥺ࢆ ㉳ࡇ ࡋ䣍୕༑ᖺᡓதࡀຨⓎࡍࡿ䣎 ࡑࢀ࠿ࡽ ࡯࡝࡞
ࡢ஺΅࡟࠾࠸࡚㔜せ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡋጞࡵࡿ䣎ࡲࡓ䣍ࡇࡢ᫬Ⅼ࡛࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ
ࡀ࣑࣎࣊࢔࡜ྜពࡋ䣍ࣉࣛࣁ࡟ධᇛࡋࡓ࡜࠸࠺ྐᐇࡣ࡞࠸䣎
ࡿ䣎ࣈࣛ࢘ࣥࢩ䣻ࣦ䣴࢖ࢡබࡀ஺΅ࡍࡿࡀᡂᯝࡣ࡞࠸䣎ࣃ䣹ࢧ࢘㌷ࡣ࣑࣎࣊
රඵ༓䣍㥽රᅄ༓ࢆ㞟ࡵࡿ䣎ࡑࡢໃຊ࡟⬣ጾࢆឤࡌࡓ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫࡶฟරࡍ
➨ᅄᖥࡣ୍භ୍୍ᖺ஧᭶࠿ࡽ୕᭶࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ࡢ஦௳ࢆᥥࡃ䣎ࣃ䣹ࢧ࢘㌷ࡣṌ
ゼၥࡋࡓ࡜ࡁ䣍ᙼࡢ࿨௧࡟ࡼࡾ㐊ᤕࡉࢀ㐃ࢀཤࡽࢀࡓ䥹ヂὀ
ᨺࡋ࠼ࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࡣ䣍࣍䤀ࣇࣈࣝࢡ࡟࣐ࢡࢩ࣑䤀ࣜ࢔ࣥ኱බࢆ
ࡢ୍ὴࡣ䣍ᙼࡽ࡟࡜䣬࡚མࢃࡋ࠸Ꮡᅾ࡛࠶䣬ࡓ䣍ⓚᖇࡢഃ㏆ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࢆ㏣
ࡢᨭᣢࢆᚓ࡚䣍࢘䣵䤀ࣥࡢᐑᘐ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᙼࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡣቑ኱ࡍࡿ䣎ࡑࡢࡓࡵᙼ
࢔࡟㐍㌷ࡋ䣍ࣉࣛࣁࡢሀ࠸Ᏺഛࢆ◚ࡾ䣍࣐ࣛ䤀࣭ࢫࢺࣛࢼᆅ༊ࢆ༨ᣐࡍࡿࡀ䣍
ࣝࢆኻ䣬ࡓ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫࡣഈൿࡶྠ↛࡟࡞ࡿ䣎ࡑࡢ࡜ࡁ࠿ࡽ䣍኱බࡓࡕ䣍࡜
సရࡢ๓ᥦ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍࠿ࡘࡲࡓᅵྎ࡛࠶ࡿࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺ࡜࢝ࢺࣜ䣹ࢡࡢ☜
సရ࡛ࡣ䣍࣐䣹ࢡࢫ࡜ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࡀࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ࡟ㅰ⨥ࡋ࡟᮶ࡿሙ㠃
ᇳࡣ䣍ከẸ᪘ᅜᐙ࡛࠶ࡿ༑஑ୡ⣖ࡢ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜ࢔ᖇᅜ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ䣍ࢼࢩ䣼ࢼ
ࢆ⧅ࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ䣍ࡇࢀࡣᐇ㝿䣍᫬ᮇࡣ㐪࠺ࡀ䣍୍භ୍ࠐᖺ࡟࠶䣬ࡓࡇ࡜࡛࠶
ࡾྜ࠺䣎ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࡀ䣓ࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ㒊ศࡀࡲ࡜ࡲ䣬࡚඲య࡜࡞ࡿࡶࡢࡣ䣍ศ๭
ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡣ⪏࠼࡞࠸䣔
䥹ᣋヂ
㡫䣎௨ୗ䣍సရ࠿ࡽࡢᘬ⏝ࡣ㡫ᩘࡢࡳグ
ࡢ㛗࠸ᮇ㛫䣍ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࡢἐᖺ࠿ࡽ୕༑ᖺᡓதຨⓎࡲ࡛ࡢ㐣⛬ࢆ࢚
ࡍ䥺࡜ゝ࠺ࡢࡣ䣍࢝ࢺࣜ䣹ࢡ࡟ࡋ࡚ಖᏲὴࡢస⪅࡟ࡼࡿ䣍⊂❧㐠ື࡟ᑐࡍࡿ
➨஬ᖥࡣሙᡤࢆ࢘䣵䤀ࣥࡢ ⋤ ᐑ ࡟⛣ࡋ䣍୍භ୍஧ᖺ࠿ࡽ୍භ୍ඵᖺࡲ࡛
࣍䤀ࣇࣈࣝࢡ
ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࢆ 㰘 ྿ࡍ ࡿ ㅖ Ẹ ᪘ ࡜ ᨭ 㓄 Ẹ ᪘࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࢻ ࢖ ࢶ ே ࡜ ࡢ ᑐ ❧ ࡢᵓ ᅗ ࡟ 㔜 ࡞
64
ࡿ䣎
2
䥺
䣎ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮ
ࣉࣛࣁࡢ୰ᯡ࡛࠶ࡿᪧᕷ⾤ࡢไᅽ࡟ኻᩋࡍࡿ䣎࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫࡢᩆ᥼㒊㝲ࡀᩛ
ࡾࢃࡅࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࡀᨻ἞ࡢ୺ᑟ⪅࡜࡞ࡿ 䣎
ඛ㐵㝲ࡀࣔࣝࢲ࢘ᕥᓊ䥹ヂὀ㸴䥺ࢆ༨ᣐࡍࡿ䣎ⓚᖇࡢ㏨ஸࢆᜍࢀ࡚䣍ᇛࡢᗯ
ୗࡸᗞ࡟␒රࡀ⨨࠿ࢀࡿ䣎࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫࡣ⾜㐍ࡋ࡚ධᇛ䣍㡿㑥㆟఍ࡢ⥲఍࡛
࣑࣎࣊࢔⋤࡟ᐉࡏࡽࢀࡿ䣎ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࡣ㏥఩ࢆᢎㅙࡏࡊࡿࢆ࠼࡞࠸䣎
୕劣༑஑ୡ⣖ࡢ࢜勖ࢫࢺࣜ࢔ᖇᅜ
ࢆ㏣࠸ᡶ࠸䣍࣓ࣛ䤀ࡶࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺࡶ㏥༷ࡋ䣍࣑࣎࣊࢔ර࡜࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫࡢ
ࡃࡋ࡚䣍ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࡣࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀⋤఩࡟ࡶᑵࡃ䣎ࢫ࣌࢖ࣥ࡜ᩍⓚ࠿ࡽ
67
ࣆࣟ䤀ࢢ࡜ࡋ࡚ᵓᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎
227
244
࡟୕༑ᖺᡓதࡢⅆ✀࡜࡞ࡿ䣎᐀ᩍᑐ❧ࡀࡇࢀ࡯࡝῝้࡞஦ែࢆᣍ࠸ࡓࡢࡣ䣍
ࡇࡢ୙‶ࡀࣚ䤀ࣟ䣹ࣃྛᆅ࡛ࡃࡍࡪࡾ⥆ࡅ䣍ᚎࠎ࡟኱ࡁࡃ࡞䣬࡚ࡺࡁ䣍ࡘ࠸
ࢱࣥࢺࡢㅖ᐀ὴࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀࡎ䣍ࡲࡓ䣍ಶேࡢಙ௮ࡢ⮬⏤ࡶㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿䣬ࡓ䣎
࡞ࡾ䣍㡿୺ࡢ᐀ᩍࡀࡑࡢᆅࡢ᐀ᩍ࡜࡞䣬ࡓ䣎ࡔࡀ䣍ࣝࢱ䤀ὴ௨እࡢࣉࣟࢸࢫ
࡞ࡃ⤫ᖊᶒ䥺
䣎
ࢆࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀⥲╩࡟௵࿨ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺୍Ⅼ࡟ࡢࡳྠពࡍࡿ䥹సရ࡛ࡣ⥲╩࡛ࡣ
ᙼࡽࡀᘬࡁୗࡀࢁ࠺࡜ࡋ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛஺΅࡟ࡣᛂࡌࡿ䣎ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ䣍࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ
኱බࡓࡕࡢ᮶ゼࡢࡓࡵ୙ᶵ᎘࡟࡞ࡾ䣍ࡲࡓᙼࡽ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⊜␲ᚰࢆເࡽࡏࡿࡀ䣍
ᖇ࡟༶఩ࡋࡓࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ஧ୡࡣ䣍ࣚ䤀ࣟ䣹ࣃࡢ⋤౳㈗᪘ࡢ୰࡛ᙜ௦㝶୍ࡢᩍ
࢔࢘ ࢡ ࢫ ࣈ ࣝ ࢡ ࡢ ᐀ ᩍ ࿴ ㆟ ࠿ࡽ ⣙ ஧ ༑ ᖺ ᚋ ࡢ ୍ ஬ ୐ භ ᖺ ࡟ ⚄ ⪷ ࣟ 䤀 ࣐ ⓚ
࡟ࡣ䣍ࢻࢼ࢘ᕝ࡟ᨭὶࡢࢶ䣵ࢺࣦ䣴ᕝࡀྜὶࡍࡿࢺࣟࢡ௜㏆ࡢ㝕Ⴀ࡟࡚䣍ࢺ
ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᰿ᣐ࡟ࡋ࡚ࣁࣉࢫࣈࣝࢡᐙࡢᐙ㛗࡟㑅ࡪ䥹࢘䣵䤀ࣥ༠ᐃ䥺
䣎༑୍᭶
ࢺ䣚ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࡢᘵ䣛䥺ࡀ༠㆟ࡋ䣍࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ኱බࢆ䣍ᖺ㛗⪅࡛࠶
㣴ே࡛䣍ⱁ⾡ࡸ㘐㔠⾡䣍༨ᫍ⾡࡞࡝ࡢࣃࢺࣟࣥࡔ䣬ࡓࡀ䣍ᨻ἞࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣṤ
ࣝࢥ࡜ࡢㅮ࿴⥾⤖࡟⮳ࡿ䥹ࢶ䣵ࢺࣦ䣴࣭ࢺࣟࢡㅮ࿴༠ᐃ䣍ヂὀ
䥺
䣎ࡇࢀ࡟
࡝↓Ⅽ࡛࠶䣬ࡓ䣎
࢔ࢫ䣍࣐ࢡࢩ࣑䤀ࣜ࢔ࣥ䣍ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ䣍࣐ࢡࢩ࣑䤀ࣜ࢔࣭࢚ࣥࣝࣥࢫ
➨஧ᖥࡣ୍භࠐභᖺࡢ≧ἣࢆᥥࡃ䣎ᅄ᭶䣍࢘䣵䤀࡛ࣥ኱බࡓࡕ䥹࣐ࢸ䣵䤀
௦࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢼࢩ䣼ࢼࣜࢬ࣒࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿࡶࡢࡔ䣬ࡓ࠿ࡽࡔ䣎
ࡇࡢ᫬௦࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ䣍᐀ᩍࡀಶேࡢ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ䣵ࢸ䣵ࡢᣐࡾᡤ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍㏆⌧
228
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ
䣹ࢡ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡔࡀ䣍ࡑࢀࡒࢀ࡟ ᗘᕪ࠶ࡾᛮᝨ࠶ࡾ䣍≬ಙⓗ࡞ಙ⪅ࡶ࠸ࢀࡤ䣍
ࡢ௦⌮ே࡛࠶ࡿ䣎↓ㄽ䣍ࡑࡢฟ⮬࡛࠶ࡿࣁࣉࢫࣈࣝࢡᐙࡢேࠎࡶⓙ䣍࢝ࢺࣜ
ⓚᖇ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡣ䣍ࣟ䤀࣐ᩍⓚ࠿ࡽ㤶Ἔࢆሬࡽࢀࡓ䣍ୡ಑ୡ⏺࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⚄
⣙ࡍࡿࡑࡪࡾࢆぢࡏࡿ䣎
ࣝࣇࡣᘵࡓࡕࢆ㑊ࡅ䣍ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ኱බ࡟࣑࣎࣊࢔⋤఩࡜ⓚᖇ఩ࡢᚋ⥅ࢆ☜
ࡋ࡞࠸䣎ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ䣍ᙼ࡜࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫࡢ㛵ಀࡣࡲࡍࡲࡍ㝤ᝏ࡟࡞ࡿ䣎ࣝ䤀ࢻ
ࡼࡾ䣍࠿࡞ࡾࡢᆅᇦࡀࢺࣝࢥ㡿࡟࡞ࡿ䣎ࡔࡀ䣍ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࡣࡇࡢㅮ࿴ࢆᢈ෸
ࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺ࡜ࡢ㥑ᘬࡁ࡟࠾ࡢࢀࡢά㊰ࢆぢฟࡑ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ⪅ࡶ࠸࡚䣍Ỵࡋ
23
୍࡚ᯛᒾ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎ࡋ࠿ࡶⓚᖇࡢࡍࡄୗࡢᘵ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫࡣ㔝ᚰᐙ࡛䣍ⱝ࠸
ࡶⓚᖇࡣ㡹࡜ࡋ࡚ࢺࣝࢥ࡜ࡢㅮ࿴ࢆᢎㄆࡋ࡞࠸䣎ࡑࡇ࡛࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫࡣࣁࣥ
➨୕ᖥ࡛ࡣ୍භࠐඵ䢣ࠐ஑ᖺࡢᨻ἞≧ἣࡀㄒࡽࢀࡿ䣎୍භࠐඵᖺ࡟ධ䣬࡚
᫬࠿ࡽࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ࡜୙௰ࡔ䣬ࡓ䣎୍஬୐ඵᖺ࠿ࡽඵࠐᖺ࡟࢜ࣛࣥࢲ࡛䣍ࢫ࣌
࢞ࣜ䤀࡜࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜ࢔ࡢ➼᪘䥹ヂὀ
䥺࡜䣍୍භࠐභᖺࡢ࢘䣵䤀ࣥ༠ᐃ࠾
࢖ ࣥ ࠿ ࡽ ࡢ ⊂ ❧ ࢆ ┠ ᣦ ࡍ ࣉ ࣟ ࢸ ࢫ ࢱ ࣥ ࢺ ࡢ ེ ஘ ㌷ ࡜ ඹ ㅛ ࡋ࡚ ⥲ ╩ ࡢ ᆅ ఩ ࢆ
ᚓࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚ኻᩋࡍࡿ䣎ࡇࡢ⾜ື࡟ࡼࡾ䣍඗࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡣࡉࡽ࡟ᝏ໬ࡋ䣍࣐ࢸ
ࡼࡧࢶ䣵ࢺࣦ䣴࣭ࢺࣟࢡ༠ᐃࢆሀᣢࡍࡿ㊃᪨ࡢ༠⣙ࢆ⤖ࡧ䣍ࡉࡽ࡟࣑࣎࣊࢔
䥺ࢆὴ㐵ࡋ࡚㌷஦ⓗᅽຊࢆ࠿ࡅࡓ࡟ࡶᣊࡽࡎ䣍ຍ┕ࡍࡿ䣎ࡋ࠿ࡋ࣑࣎࣊
࡜ࣦࣔࣛ䣵࢔࡟ࡶຍ┕ࢆ࿧ࡧ࠿ࡅࡿ䣎ࣦࣔࣛ䣵࢔ࡣ䣍ⓚᖇࡀࢸ䣵ࣜ䤀䥹ヂὀ
㛤ࡅࡿ䣎
䣵䤀࢔ࢫࡣࣜࣥࢶ࡟⚗㊊ࢆ࿨ࡌࡽࢀࡿ䣎ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ๓ྐࢆ⫼ᬒ࡟ࡋ࡚๻ࡣᖥࢆ
3
㉱ࡁ䣍࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ࡟ࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀࡛ࡢᣦ᥹ࢆጤ௵ࡋ䣍ᙼࢆᚋ⥅⪅࡜ࡍࡿࡼ࠺䣍
ࣝࢥᖇᅜ䥺ࡢ᝟ໃࢆ៧៖ࡍࡿ኱බࡓࡕࡣࣜࣥࢶ࡛༠㆟ࡋࡓ࠶࡜ᖇ㒔ࣉࣛࣁ࡟
䢣୍භࠐභ䣍ࣁࣉࢫࣈࣝࢡྩ୺ᅜࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡍࡿ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍᅜᑐ࢜ࢫ࣐࣭ࣥࢺ
䣕඗ᘵத࠸䣖➨୍ᖥࡣ୍භࠐ஬ᖺࡢฟ᮶஦ࢆᢅ࠺䣎ࢺࣝࢥᡓத䥹୍஬஑୕
ᙼࡽࡢせồ䣍ศࡅ࡚ࡶಙ௮ࡢ⮬⏤ࢆᢎㄆࡍࡿࡼ࠺ồࡵࡿ䣎➼᪘ࡣṊຊ࡟ッ࠼䣍
࡞ࡾ䣍ࢺࣝࢥ࡜ࡢㅮ࿴ࡶᢎㄆࡉࢀࡿ䣎୍᪉䣍࣑࣎࣊࢔ࡢ➼᪘ࡣࡓ࠼ࡎⓚᖇ࡟䣍
࢞ࣜ䤀䣍ࣦࣔࣛ䣵࢔ࡀ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ࡟ጤㆡࡉࢀࡿ䣎࣑࣎࣊࢔ࡶᙼࡀᚋ⥅⪅࡜
ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ࡟ㆡṌࡋ䣍୧⪅㛫࡛ࣜ䤀࣋ࣥ༠ᐃࡀ⤖ࡤࢀ䣍࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜ࢔䣍ࣁࣥ
࢔ࡢ➼᪘ࡣ䣍⮬ศࡓࡕࡢせồࢆ⊂ຊ࡛ⓚᖇ࡟ᢎㄆࡉࡏࡿ㐨ࢆ㑅ࡪ䣎ⓚᖇࡣ࣐
༠ྠ࡛ⓚᖇࢆㄝᚓࡍࡿ䣎ୡ⏺࠿ࡽ㝸⤯ࡋࡓ⏕άࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿⓚᖇࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࡣ䣍
37
‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
୍劣ࡣࡌࡵ࡟
ᚐ
‒
‒
᫆
ᩥ໬䣍㢼಑➼ࢆᢈホࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᚲせ୙ྍḞ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡴࡋࢁ䣍⣲ᮦ࡛࠶ࡿṔྐ
ୡ⏺ࡣసရࢆᡂ❧ࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࡢᡭ᥃࠿ࡾࡸᵓᅗ࡟ࡍࡂࡎ䣍ฟ∧ࡸୖ₇ࡀ⾜ࢃ
ࢀࡿ᫬௦ࢆㄞࡴࡇ࡜ࡢ࡯࠺࡟㔜Ⅼࡀ⨨࠿ࢀࡿ࡜ゝ䣬࡚ࡶ㐣ゝ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎
‒
ࡢ⏤᮶࡟ ࡘ࠸࡚ ࡣ䣍ヂὀ
䣍
䣍
䥺䣎ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇᖇ࡟ࡣᐇ㝿࡟ࣇࣜ࢜࡜
ࡢ୕ே࡜ࡣࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀䣍ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵࢔䣍ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ࡛࠶ࡿ䥹ே≀ീ
ே≀ࡀṔྐୖࡢே≀࡛࡞ࡃ䣍స⪅ࡢ๰స࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࡔࡅ࡛ࡶศ࠿ࡿ䣎ࡑ
஦ᐇ䣍ࡑࡢពᅗࡶ࠶䣬࡚ᮏసရࡀ⹫ᐇ࡞࠸ࡲࡐ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ䣍୕ேࡢⓏሙ
ゎỴ୙⬟࡞ࡲ࡛ࡶࡘࢀࡓᨻ᝟୙Ᏻࡢ୰࡛䣍࡝࠺ືࡇ࠺࡜ࡶ஦ែࡢᝏ໬ࢆಁ
ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࡯࡝䣍ୡ⏺ࡣ☜ᐇ࡟ᡓத࡟ྥ࠿䣬࡚ࡺࡃ䣎ࡓࡔࡦ࡜ࡾ䣍◚ᒁ࡬ࡢ
ࣇࣛࣥࢶ࣭ࢢࣜࣝࣃࣝࢶ䣴䤀䥹୍୐஑୍䢣୍ඵ୐஧䥺࡟ࡼࡿ␌⏕ࡢṔྐᝒ
๻䣕ࣁࣉࢫࣈࣝࢡᐙࡢ඗ᘵத࠸䣖
䥹௨ୗ䣍
䣕඗ᘵத࠸䣖
䣎ไస㛤ጞ୍ඵ஧ᅄᖺ䣍
ࡋ࠸᫬௦ࡢ୙᮲⌮ࢆලయⓗ࡟ぢࡏࡿࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺䣎
࢔ࡀࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀࡟ࡉࢇࡊࢇ௜ࡁࡲ࡜ࢃࢀࡓᮎ࡟ㅝࢀ࡞ࡃẅᐖࡉࢀࡿࡢࡣ䣍᪂
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ே≀ࡀ࠸࡚ࡶ୙⮬↛࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡜ᛮࢃࡏࡿ䣎ࡑࡋ࡚䣍ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵
ື࡜᭱ᮇࡣస⪅ࡢ๰స࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ᚋ஧⪅ࡣ䣍ᕷẸࡢ௦⾲࡜ࡋ୍࡚භࠐࠐᖺ௦࡟
2
ඵ୐஧ᖺ䥺ࡣ䣍㐣ཤࡢ⯆࿡῝࠸⌧㇟ࡢ㈨ᩱࢆ΅⊟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠺ࡕ࡟䣍ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝ
ࡓ᪉ἲࢆ᥈䣬࡚ࡳࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡋࡓ࠸䣎ࡔࡀࡑࡢ๓࡟ࡲࡎ䣍సရࡢᅵྎ࡜࡞䣬࡚
ᮏ✏࡛ࡣ䣍స⪅ࡀᮏస࡟ࡇࡵࡓྵព࡜䣍సရࢆᙧᡂ࣭ᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟⏝࠸
ࣇ஧ୡࡢ᫬௦࡜䣍◚⁛ࢆணឤࡉࡏࡿ༑஑ୡ⣖୰ⴥࡢ⌧ᐇ࡜ࡀ┦ఝᙧࢆࡋ࡚࠸
୍஬୍୐ᖺ䣍࣐ࣝࢸ䣵࣭ࣥࣝࢱ䤀ࡀ䣓஑༑஬࠿᮲ࡢㄽ㢟䣔ࢆබ⾲ࡋ䣍ࡇࢀ
ࢺࣜ࢔ᖇᅜࡢ⌧≧ࢆࡉࡾࡆ࡞ࡃ⿬࡟ᚸࡤࡏ࡞ࡀࡽ䣍ࣉࣛࣁࢆ⯙ྎ࡟༑୐ୡ⣖
ࢆዎᶵ࡜ࡋ࡚᐀ᩍᨵ㠉ࡣጞࡲ䣬ࡓ䣎᫬ࡢ⚄⪷ࣟ䤀࣐ⓚᖇ࢝䤀ࣝ஬ୡ䥹ᅾ఩୍
ࡢ࢜ 䤀 ࢫ
୍ඵ୍ᅄᖺࡢ࢘䣵
࠸ࡿṔྐ࡜䣍సရ࡟࠾ࡅࡿྐᐇࡢ␗ྠࢆぢ࡚࠾ࡇ࠺䣎
䢣
෗ࡋ࡟ࡍࡿస⪅ࡢ⮳ⱁ࡜ゝ࠺࡭ࡁ࠿䣎స⪅ࡣ୕᭶๓ᮇ
䢣
ึ㢌࠿ࡽ୕༑ᖺᡓத䥹୍භ୍ඵ䢣ᅄඵ䥺ࡢຨⓎ࡟⮳ࡿࡲ࡛ࡢ⤒⦋ࢆ䣍ୡ⏺ࢆ
஬୍஑䢣஬භ䥺ࡣࣟ䤀࣐ᩍ఍ࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡍࡿ䣓ࡦ࡜ࡘ࡞ࡿ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍඹྠయ䣔
ࡔࡀࡑࡶࡑࡶ䣍సရ࡜ࡋ࡚⊂❧ࡋࡓ᏶⤖ᛶࢆせồࡉࢀࡿṔྐᩥᏛࡣṔྐグ
ࢺࡢ⇤ཎࡢⅆࡢࡼ࠺࡞ఏ᧛ຊࡣṆࡵࡼ࠺ࡶ࡞࠿䣬ࡓ䣎ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ䣍୍஬஬஬ᖺ
ࡢ᚟άࢆᶆᴶࡋ䣍ࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺㅖ౳ࢆᢚ࠼㎸ࡶ࠺࡜ࡋࡓࡀ䣍ࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥ
㏙࡜㐪䣬࡚䣍༢࡟㐣ཤࡢྐᐇ࡟ࡢࡳᇶ࡙࠸࡚᭩࠿ࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎ࡑࢀࡤ࠿
ࡢ䣓࢔࢘ࢡࢫࣈࣝࢡࡢ᐀ᩍ࿴㆟䣔࡛࢝ࢺࣜ䣹ࢡࡢ⤫୍ⓗᨭ㓄ࡣ⤊ࢃࡿࡇ࡜࡟
ࢸ䤀ࢮ
ㄞࡳゎࡃࡓࡵࡢᛮ⣴ࡢࢻ࣐ࣛ࡟௙❧࡚ୖࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎
䤀 ࣥ ఍ ㆟ ࠿ ࡽ ୍ ඵ ᅄ ඵ ᖺ ࡢ ୕ ᭶ 㠉 ࿨ ࡀ ጞ ࡲ ࡿ ࡲ࡛ ࡢ ᫬ ௦ ༊ ศ
஧劣సရୡ⏺ࡢṔྐⓗ⫼ᬒ
ࡿ࡜ㄆ㆑ࡉࢀࡓ⤖ᯝ䣍⏕ࡳฟࡉࢀࡓࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿䣎ࡑࢀ࡜ࡶ㐣ཤ࡜⌧ᅾࢆ஧㔜
⬺✏୍ඵᅄඵᖺ䣍௨ᚋࡶṚ࡟⮳ࡿࡲ࡛᥎ᩙࢆ⥆ࡅ䣍㑇స࡜ࡋ࡚ึ₇࣭ฟ∧୍
䥺䣎ࡲࡓ䣍᪂ᪧࡩࡓࡘࡢ᫬௦ࡢࡣࡊࡲ࡛ႍࡄᙼࡢ⾜
࠸࠺᪩ୡࡋࡓᗢᏊࡀ࠸ࡓࡀ䣍ࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀࡜࠸࠺ࢿ䤀࣑ࣥࢢ࠿ࡽࡍ࡛࡟స⪅ࡢ
ࢀࡿ䣎
බ࡟࡞ࡾࡍࡲࡋ࡚䣍ࡑࡢேࡢ⏕ࡁࡊࡲࢆぢࡏ䣍ᛮ᝿ࢆㄒࡿࡇ࡜࡟㔜Ⅼࡀ⨨࠿
㐨➽ࡀぢ࠼࡚ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓேࡣఱࢆ⪃࠼䣍࡝࠺⾜ືࡍ࡭ࡁ࡞ࡢ࠿䣎࠸ࡸ䣍⟅࠼ࡀ
5
⟇␎ࡣ᫂ࡽ࠿ࡔ䥹ヂὀ
4
ᮎୡࡋ࠿࠶ࡾ࠼࡞࠸࠿ࡽ࡟ࡣ䣍ࡍ࡭ࡁ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡾ࠼࡞࠸䣎స⪅ࡀ୺ே
2
‣
ࡾ࠿䣍㐣ཤࡢṔྐࢆㄞࡳゎࡃ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟䣍ࡑࢀ࡜ᑐẚࡋ࡚ᙜ௦ࡢᨻ἞ࡸ♫఍䣍
229
୍භ୍୍ᖺ䣍࣑࣎࣊࢔➼᪘ࡀࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ࠿ࡽ࣑࣎࣊࢔⋤఩ࢆ๤ዣࡋࡓ࠶࡜䣍࣐ࢸ
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࡣ୍භ୍භᖺ䣍ᯡᶵཀ࡟࡞ࡿ䣎
䣵䤀࢔ࢫࡣ࣑࣎࣊࢔⋤࡟࡞䣬ࡓ䣎
59
࢔ࣁࣈࡣẅࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ䣍ᡓṚࡋࡓ䣎ᪧ⣙⪷᭩䣍ิ⋤⣖ୖ䣍஧୍䢣஧஧䣎
୍஑ᖺ࡟⚄⪷ࣟ䤀࣐ⓚᖇ࡟࡞ࡿ䣎
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࡣ୍භ୍୐ᖺ࡟࣑࣎࣊࢔⋤䣍୍භ୍ඵᖺ࡟ࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀⋤䣍୍භ
61 60
ࣈࣛ࢘ࢼ࢘ࡣ䣍ࣄࢺࣛ䤀ࡢ⏕ㄌᆅ࡜ࡋ࡚▱ࡽࢀࡿ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜ࢔ࡢ㒔ᕷ䣎ࣉࣝࢮࢽ
ࡿ䣎୍භ஧୐ᖺ䣍㉧චࡉࢀ࡚࢘䣵䤀ࣥ࡟ᖐ㑏ࡋ䣍ྖᩍ⫋࡟᚟ᖐࡋࡓ䣎
ࢩ䣻ࢱ࢖ࣥࡸᕞ㒔࢖ࣥࢫࣈࣝ䣹ࢡ➼࡟ᣊ␃ࡉࢀ䣍୍භ஧஧ᖺ䣍ࣟ䤀࣐࡟㐃⾜ࡉࢀ
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࡣ୍භ୍ඵᖺ࡟㐊ᤕࡉࢀ䣍⌧ᅾࡢ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜ࢔䣍ࢸ䣵ࣟ䤀ࣝᕞࡢࢡࣇ
ᪧ⣙⪷᭩䣍Ṕ௦ᚿୗ䣍භ䣍୍୍䣎
64 63 62
୍භ୍ඵᖺ࡟ࣉࣛࣁ࡛➼᪘࡟ࡼࡿེ஘ࡀ࠶䣬ࡓࡀ䣍ࡑࡢ㤳ㅛ⪅ࡀࢺ䣶ࣝࣥ఑∖࡛
ࡣࢳ䣷ࢥࡢ㒔ᕷ࡛䣍ࢻ࢖ࢶㄒ࡛ࡣࣆࣝࢮࣥ࡜࠸࠺䣎
65
๓ὀࡢ➼᪘ࡢེ஘ࡢὶࢀࡢ୰࡛㉳ࡇ䣬ࡓ஦௳࡛䣍୍⯡࡟䣓❆እᨺᨈ஦௳䣔࡜࿧ࡤ
ࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ୺࡞ዎᶵ࡜ࡋ࡚䣍➼᪘ࡀỴ㉳ࡋࡓ䣎
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ኱බ࡟ࡼࡾ࡞࠸ࡀࡋࢁ࡟ࡉࢀ䣍෌࢝ࢺࣜ䣹ࢡ໬ᨻ⟇ࡀ᥎㐍ࡉࢀ
࠶ࡿ䣎ಙ௮ࡢ⮬⏤ࢆㄆࡵࡓࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇᖇࡢສチ≧ࡀ䣍๓ᖺ䣍࣑࣎࣊࢔⋤࡟࡞䣬ࡓ
66
᪂⣙⪷᭩䣍ࣚࣁࢿ⚟㡢᭩䣍ᅄ䣍୍୕䢣୍ᅄࡢࡶࡌࡾ࠿䣎
䣓࢖࢚ࢫࡣ⟅࠼࡚ゝࢃࢀࡓ䣎
୍භ஧ࠐᖺࡢⓑᒣࡢᡓ࠸࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀ䣬࡚ࡺࡃ䣎
ࡣࣉࣛࣁ࠿ࡽ࢘䣵䤀ࣥ࡟ᡠ䣬ࡓ䥺࡜ࡢ᩿⤯ࡣỴᐃⓗ࡜࡞ࡾ䣍୕༑ᖺᡓதࡀጞࡲࡾ䣍
ࣉࣛࣁ࡜࢘䣵䤀ࣥ䥹ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࡢṚᚋ䣍࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫࡀⓚᖇ࡟࡞䣬࡚࠿ࡽ䣍ᖇ㒔
ࡉࢀࡓࡀ䣍࿨࡟ู≧ࡣ࡞࠿䣬ࡓ࡜࠸࠺䣎ᐉᡓᕸ࿌ࢆព࿡ࡍࡿࡇࡢᭀຊ⾜Ⅽ࡟ࡼࡾ䣍
ࢫࢱࣥࢺ➼᪘࡟ࡼ䣬࡚䣍ࣇࣛ䣹ࢳ䣺ࢽᇛࡢ❆࠿ࡽ༑୐࣓䤀ࢺࣝୗࡢ⃾࡟ᢞࡆⴠ࡜
ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ⓚᖇ࡟ࡼࡾࣉࣛࣁ࡟ὴ㐵ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ᭱㧗ᇳᨻᐁࡽ୕ྡࡀ኱ໃࡢࣉࣟࢸ
67
ཧ↷䣎
37
ᶒຊ䣍㌟ศ䣍ᆅ఩࡞࡝ࢆ㇟ᚩࡍࡿ⋤ෙ䣍⋤➖䣍ᐆ๢࡞࡝䣎
ࡿᶫࢆᣦࡍࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺䣎
࣑࣎࣊࢔࡟࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ䣍࢘䣵䤀ࣥ໭㑹࡛ࢻࢼ࢘ᕝ࡟ᯫ࠿ࡾ䣍࣑࣎࣊࢔࡟㏻ࡌ
ὀ
ࡕ࡛Ἠ࡜࡞ࡾ䣍Ọ㐲ࡢ࠸ࡢࡕ࡬ࡢỈࡀࢃࡁฟࡲࡍ䣖
䣔
⪅ࡣࡔࢀ࡛ࡶ䣍Ỵࡋ࡚Ῥࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡀ୚࠼ࡿỈࡣ䣍ࡑࡢேࡢ࠺
䣕ࡇࡢỈࢆ㣧ࡴ⪅ࡣࡔࢀ࡛ࡶ䣍ࡲࡓῬࡁࡲࡍ䣎ࡋ࠿ࡋ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡀ୚࠼ࡿỈࢆ㣧ࡴ
68
70 69
71
230
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ
‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
231
䥺
䥺ࢆ㏻䣬࡚ࢻࢼ࢘ᕝ࡟ὀࡄ䣎ࣛ䤀ࣉ࠿ࡽࢥ
ࣦࣟ䣴࢟࢔࡜࠸࠺ᅜࡣᏑᅾࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࡞ࡃ䣍⣙༓ᖺ࡟ࢃࡓ䣬࡚ࣦࣔࣛ䣵࢔䥹ὀ
ࡢᮾࡣࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀ࡢ㡿ᅵ࡛࠶䣬ࡓ䣎
๓ฟࡢࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀ࡢ㒔ᕷࣛ䤀ࣉ䥹ὀ
࣐ࣝࣀࡲ࡛ࡢ㊥㞳ࡣ஧䣍୕ࠐ࢟ࣟ⛬ᗘ䣎
పᆅ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜ࢔ࡢ㒔ᕷ࡛䣍࢘䣵䤀ࣥࡢᮾ᪉஬ࠐ࢟ࣟ࡟࠶ࡿ䣎
ࢽ䤀ࢲ䤀࣭࢚ࢫࢱ䤀ࣛ࢖ࣄ
36
⌧ᅾࡢࢻ࢖ࢶ䣍ࣂ࢖࢚ࣝࣥᕞࡢᮾ➃䣍ࢻ࢖ࢶ࡜࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜ࢔ࡢᅜቃ⥺࡜ࢻࢼ࢘ᕝ
⌧ᅾࡢࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀ࡢ㒔ᕷ䣍࢚ࢫࢸࣝࢦ࣒䣎
ࡀ஺ᕪࡍࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ࡟࠶ࡿ䣎
ṇᘧ࡟ࡣࣦ䣵䤀ࢼ䤀࣭ࣀ࢖ࢩ䣻ࢱ䣹ࢺ䥹┤ヂࡍࢀࡤ䣓࢘䣵䤀ࣥ᪂ᕷ⾤䣔
䥺࡜࠸࠺ࡀ䣍
ᮾࣉࣟ࢖ࢭࣥࡢ୍ᆅ᪉䣎ࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࡀᅽಽⓗ࡟ከ࠸䣎
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࡣ୍஬ඵඵᖺ࡟ࡇࡢᩍ༊ࡢྖᩍ࡜࡞ࡾ䣍୍஬஑ඵᖺ࡟࢘䣵䤀ࣥࡢྖᩍ
࢘䣵䤀ࣥࡢ୰ࡢᆅ༊ྡ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ䣍࢘䣵䤀ࣥࡢ༡⣙஬ࠐ࢟ࣟ࡟఩⨨ࡍࡿ㒔ᕷ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎
࡟࡞䣬ࡓ䣎
ࢫ࣌࢖ࣥࡢ㤿⾡ᐙ䣎
ᅄୡ⣖ࡢࣟ䤀࣐ࡢ㌷グ≀సᐙ࡛䣍
䣕㌷஦ᴫせ䣖ࢆ᭩࠸ࡓ䣎
࢔࣒ࣛ䤀ࢺ୕ୡࡢ἞ୡࡣ୍஬୐஬䢣஑஬䣎୍භࠐභᖺࡢㅮ࿴༠ᐃࡣᙼࡢᚋ⥅⪅࡟
ࡼࡿ䣎
⌧ᅾࡢࣈࢲ࣌ࢫࢺࡢྑᓊ䣍ࣈࢲᆅ༊ࢆᣦࡍ䣎୍஬ᅄ୍ᖺ࠿ࡽ୍භඵභᖺࡲ࡛ࢺࣝ
ࢥࡢᨭ㓄ୗ࡟࠶ࡾ䣍ࣃࢩ䣺ࡀ㥔ᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ䣎
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫࢆࣁࣉࢫࣈࣝࢡᐙࡢᐙ㛗࡜ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࡶࡢ䣎
⌧ᅾࡢ࣏䤀ࣛࣥࢻ༡ᮾ㒊ࡢ࢞ࣜࢶ䣵࢔ᆅ᪉䣎
ࢳ䣷ࢥㄒ࡛ࣦࣔࣛ䣴䣍ࢻ࢖ࢶㄒ࡛࣓䤀ࣞࣥ䣎࣑࣎࣊࢔ࡢᮾ࡟㞄᥋ࡍࡿ䣍⌧ᅾࡢࢳ
䣷ࢥࡢ୕ศࡢ୍⛬ᗘࡢᆅᇦ䣎࣑࣎࣊࢔࡜࡜ࡶ࡟୍භୡ⣖࠿ࡽ୍஑୍ඵᖺࡲ࡛ࣁࣉ
ࢫࣈࣝࢡᐙࡢᨭ㓄ࢆཷࡅࡓ䣎
ࢺࣝࢥᡓதࡸ୕༑ᖺᡓத࡞࡝࡟࠾࠸࡚䣍࢝ࢺࣜ䣹ࢡ᪉䥹ⓚᖇ᪉䥺ࡢᑗ㌷࡜ࡋ࡚㈉
⊩ࡋࡓ䥹୍஬஬஑䢣୍භ୕஧䥺
䣎
࣭ࣖࣥࣇࢫ䥹୍୕୐ࠐ䢣୍ᅄ୍஬䥺ࡣ࣑࣎࣊࢔ࡢ᐀ᩍᨵ㠉⪅࡛䣍ࣉࣛࣁ኱ᏛᏛ㛗䣎
ᩍ఍ࡢୡ಑໬䣍⭉ᩋ࡞࡝ࢆᙎລࡋࡓࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ䣍␗➃⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ⅆฮ࡟ฎࡏࡽࢀࡓ䣎
ᙼࡢṚᚋ䣍ࣇࢫὴࡣⓚᖇࡢᙎᅽ࡟ᢠࡍࡿࣇࢫᡓத䥹୍ᅄ୍஑䢣୕භ䥺࡟ࡼ䣬࡚ㅮ
࿴ࢆ຾ࡕྲྀࡾ䣍୍ᅄඵ஬ᖺࡢ᐀ᩍ఍㆟࡟࠾࠸࡚Ꮡᅾࢆᢎㄆࡉࢀࡓ䣎
ࢪ䣼࣭ࣥࢹ䣵䤀䥹୍஬஧୐䢣୍භࠐඵ䥺ࡣᩘᏛ⪅䣍༨ᫍ⾡ᖌ䣍㘐㔠⾡ᖌ䣎
ࢽ䤀ࢲ䤀࣭࢚ࢫࢱ䤀ࣛ࢖ࣄ
࢜䤀ࣂ䤀࣭࢚ࢫࢱ䤀ࣛ࢖ࣄ
ࣇࢫὴࡢ୍ὴ䣎஧㔜⪷㣶ὴ࡜ࡶ࠸࠺䣎
పᆅ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜ࢔࡜㧗ᆅ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜ࢔࡜࠸࠺࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜ࢔ࡢࡩࡓࡘࡢᆅᇦྡ䣎⌧
ࣦࣔࣛ䣵࢔࡜ࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀ࡢᅜቃ࡟࠸࡚䣍࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫࡢ᥼㌷࡜ࡋ࡚ᚅᶵࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ
ᅾࡣ࡜ࡶ࡟ᕞ࡟࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎
ࢶࢹࣥࢥ࣭ࣇ䣸࣭ࣥࣟࣈࢥࣦ䣵ࢶ䥹ࢬࢹࢽ䣷ࢡ࣭ࢬ࣭ࣟࣈࢥࣦ䣵ࢳ䥺࡜࠸࠺཯ࣉ
ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎
ࣉࣛࣁࡢ༡᪉⣙ඵࠐ࢟ࣟ࡟఩⨨ࡍࡿ䣎
ࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࡢᛴඛ㗓䣎
➼᪘ࡢពぢࢆ㛤㝞ࡍࡿ⪅ࡀ䣍➨஧఩ࡢ⪅䣍௦⾲⪅䣍௦㆟ဨ࡜୕ே࠸ࡿ࠿ࡢࡼ࠺࡛
㡫䥺ࡀ䣍ⓚᖇࡢࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱ
࠶ࡿࡀ䣍ᐇ㝿࡟ㄒࡿࡢࡣⓏሙே≀⾲࡟࠶ࡿࢩ䣻ࣜ䣹ࢡ఑ࡦ࡜ࡾ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺䣎
ࣟ䤀࣐ᩍⓚ౑⠇࢚࢞ࢱ䤀ࣀ࡜ࢫ࣌࢖ࣥ౑⠇ࢫࢽ࢞䥹
ສチ≧ࡀ┤᥋ࡢࡁ䣬࠿ࡅ࡜࡞䣬ࡓ୕༑ᖺᡓதࢆᬯ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎
ࣥࢺ࡬ࡢㆡṌࢆጉᐖࡋࡓ䣎
284
14
ࣦࣔࣛ䣵࢔ࡢ୰ᚰ㒔ᕷ䣎ࢻ࢖ࢶㄒ࡛ࡣࣈࣜ䣻ࣥ䣎
42 41
43
44
46 45
47
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫࢆᣦࡍ䣎ࡓࡔࡋ䣍ࡇࡢ᫬Ⅼ࡛࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫࡀࣉࣛࣁ࡟ጼࢆ⌧ࡋ䣍࣎
ࢱ䤀࣎ࣝࢆ⤒⏤ࡋ࡚ࣉࣛࣁࡢ༡࡟᥋㏆ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎
ࣉࣛࣁࡢ༡➃䣍ࣔࣝࢲ࢘ᕝྑᓊ࡟࠶ࡿࣉࣛࣁ᭱ྂࡢᇛ䣎࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫࡢඛ㐵㝲ࡀ䣍
᪂⣙⪷᭩䣍ࢥࣜࣥࢺே࡬ࡢᡭ⣬➨୍䣍୍୕䣍୍䢣୍୕䣎
50 49 48
ᪧ⣙⪷᭩䣍๰ୡグ䣍୕஑䢣୍஧䣎
࣑࣊࢔ࡢ➼᪘࡜ྠ┕ࢆ⤖ࡪྐᐇࡣ࡞࠸䣎
51
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫࡀὴරࡋࡓࣦࣔࣛ䣵࢔㌷࡜࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜ࢔㌷ࡀࣔࣝࢲ࢘ᕝᕥᓊ䥹ὀ㸴䥺
䣵䤀࢔ࢫࡀ㤿࡟஌䣬࡚Ⓩሙࡋ䣍Ẹ⾗ࢆぢ࠾ࢁࡍ䣔࡜࠸࠺ࢺ᭩ࡀ࠶ࡿ䣎
Ẹ⾗ࡢ⛉ⓑࡢ┤๓࡟ጼࢆ⌧ࡍࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ูࡢ✏࡛ࡣ䣍Ẹ⾗ࡢḼኌࡢ┤๓࡟䣓࣐ࢸ
䣚࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ䣛࡟ࡈᣵᣜ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡼ࠺䣔࡜ゝ࠺ࡼ࠺࡟䣍࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫࡀ᭱ᚋࡢ
࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡀ䣍ࡑ࠺࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎ࡇࡢሙ㠃ࡢึࡵ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥ఑∖ࡀ䣓኱බẊୗ
ࡇࡢሙ㠃ࡣ䣍Ẹ⾗ࡀࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺࢆ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫࡔ࡜຺㐪࠸ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ㄞࡵ
53 52
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࡣ୍භ୍භᖺ࠿ࡽ࢘䣵䤀ࣥ኱ᏛࡢᏛ㛗࡛࠶ࡿ䣎
࣋ࢶ࣒ࣞ࣊ࡢᫍ䣎᪂⣙⪷᭩䣍࣐ࢱ࢖⚟㡢᭩䣍஧䣍୍䢣୍୍䣎
୕༑ᖺᡓதࡢ⥴ᡓ࡜࡞䣬ࡓ ⓑ ᒣ ࡢᡓ࠸䥹୍භ஧ࠐ䥺ࡢᬯ♧䣎
ࣅ䤀ࣛ䤀࣭࣍ࣛ
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫࡢࡇ࡜䣎ࡲࡓ䣍⚝ࡢᙇᮏே࡜ࡣࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ஧ୡࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ䣎
ࡾ䣍ᇛࡢ᫂ࡅΏࡋࢆᙉไࡋ䣍ᅄ஬ࠐྡࡢ㥔␃㒊㝲ࢆ⨨࠸ࡓ䣎
ࢆ༨ᣐࡋࡓࡢࡕ䣍ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥࡣ࣑࣎࣊࢔㌷ࡢ୍㒊࡜኱ໃࡢ➼᪘ࡓࡕ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ᇛ࡟ධ
54
58 57 56 55
24
26 25
29 28 27
32 31 30
33
36 35 34
37
38
40 39
ὀ
ᐇ㝿ࡣᚑᘵ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡓࡔࡋ䣍ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࡀ஧༑භṓୗ䣍ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺࡀ୕
࢜䤀ࣂ䤀࣭࢚ࢫࢱ䤀ࣛ࢖ࣄ
ࣞࣥࢪබ࢘䣵ࣜ࢔࣒䥺
䣎
㧗ᆅ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜ࢔࡟࠶ࡿ㒔ᕷ䣎
䥺
䣍࠾ࡼࡧࢫ࣌࢖ࣥᖇᅜࢆ⤯㡬ᮇ࡟ᑟ࠸ࡓ∗ࣇ䣷ࣜ࣌஧ୡ䥹ᅾ
ࢫ࣌࢖ࣥᅜ⋤䥹ᅾ఩୍஬஑ඵ䢣୍භ஧୍䥺
䣎♽∗࢝ࣝࣟࢫ୍ୡ䥹⚄⪷ࣟ䤀࣐ⓚᖇ࡜
ࡋ࡚࢝䤀ࣝ஬ୡ䣍ὀ
ࢫ࣌࢖ࣥ㯤㔠ᮇࡢ๻సᐙ䥹୍஬භ஧䢣୍භ୕஬䥺
䣎ከస࡛䣍ࢢࣜࣝࣃࣝࢶ䣴䤀࡟ከ
࢖ࣥࢆ⾶㏥ࡉࡏࡓ䣎
఩୍஬஬භ䢣஑ඵ䥺ࡢ㊧ࢆく䣬ࡓࡀ䣍ഃ㏆ࡢ࣐ࣞࣝබ࡟ᅜᨻࢆࡍ࡭࡚௵ࡏ䣍ࢫ࣌
19
༑ᅄṓୗ࡜䣍࠿࡞ࡾᖺ㱋ᕪࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛䣍ពᅗࡋ࡚఑∗࡜⏚ࡢ㛵ಀ࡟ࡋࡓ࡜ࡶ⪃࠼
ࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀࡜ࡣྂ௦ࣟ䤀࣐ࡢᑗ㌷࢚࢝ࢧࣝࡢࢻ࢖ࢶㄒㄞࡳࡔࡀ䣍ࡇࡢ࢚࢝ࢧࣝ࡜
ࡽࢀࡿ䣎
11 10
᪂⣙⪷᭩䣍࣐ࢱ࢖⚟㡢᭩䣍ᅄ䣍୍䢣୍୍䣎
࡟࠾࠸࡚䣍୍஬஑ᅄᖺ䣍୧㒔ᕷ࡜ࡶᨷ␎ࡉࢀࡓࡀ䣍ᩘᖺᚋ࡟ࡑࢀࡒࢀྲྀࡾᡠࡋࡓ䣎
䥹ࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀ㄒ࡛ࡑࢀࡒࢀࢪ䣷䤀ࣝ䣍ࣃ䤀࣏䥺
䣎ࢺࣝࢥᡓத䥹୍஬஑୕䢣୍භࠐභ䥺
ࣛ䤀ࣉࡶࣃ䤀ࣃࡶ࡜ࡶ࡟⌧ᅾࡢࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀ࡢ䣍࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜ࢔࡜ࡢᅜቃ࡟㏆࠸㒔ᕷ
ࣜࣥࢶࡣ㧗ᆅ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜ࢔ࡢᕞ㒔䣎
࢜䤀ࣂ䤀࣭࢚ࢫࢱ䤀ࣛ࢖ࣄ
䥺䣖
኱࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡓ䣎ᙜヱసရࡣ䣕ᛀ༷ࡢᣦ㍯䥹 La sortija del olvido
12
࠸࠺ྡ๓࠿ࡽⓚᖇࢆព࿡ࡍࡿ࢝࢖ࢨ䤀࡜࠸࠺ࢻ࢖ࢶㄒࡶὴ⏕ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡋࡓࡀ䣬
࡚䣍ࡇࡢே≀ྡ࡟ࡣࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࡣ࢝࢖ࢨ䤀ࡢ୰࠿ࡽ⏕ࡲࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ䣍࡜࠸࠺ྵពࡀ
ࡇࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡲࡓ䣍ⓚᖇࡢᗢᏊࡢᐇྡࡣࢫ࣌࢖ࣥㄒ࡛ࣇࣜ࢜ Julio
࡜࠸࠺䣎ࡇࢀࢆࣛࢸࣥㄒ࡟ࡍࢀࡤ䣍ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ䣍ࡘࡲࡾ࢚࢝ࢧࣝࡢྡ๓࡟࡞ࡿ䣎
䥺ࡢࡩࡓࡾࡢ㌷
➼᪘䥹ࢻ࢖ࢶㄒ Stände
䣍ⱥㄒ estates
䥺࡜ࡣ䣍⋤ᶒࡀ୰ኸ㞟ᶒ໬ࡋ⤯ᑐ⋤ᨻࡀᡂ
❧ࡍࡿ๓ࡢ᫬௦࡟࠾ࡅࡿ䣍⋤ᶒ࡜ᣕᢠࡋࡓ㌟ศไ㆟఍䥹➼᪘㆟఍䥺ࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿ㈗
᪘䣍ൔ౶䣍≉ᶒⓗୖᒙᕷẸࡢ⥲⛠䣎
ࡾ䣯࠺ࡅ࠸ࡋࡁ
ࡇࡢྡࡣ䣍୍ᅄ୕ᅄᖺ䣍ࣇࢫᡓத࡛ᩋṚࡋࡓ ୧ ᙧ Ⰽ ὴ䥹ヂὀ
⣖ඖ๓஬ࠐࠐᖺࡈࢁࡢࣟ䤀࣐ࡢࣝࢡࣞࢶ䣵࢔ࡼࡾ䣎ᙉጮࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࢆኵ࡟࿌ⓑࡋ
ே䥹኱ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ࡜ᑠࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ䥺࠿ࡽྲྀ䣬ࡓ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿ䣎
ࣝ䤀ࢺ䣶ࢫ䣖࡜࠸࠺సရࡢᵓ᝿ࡀ࠶䣬ࡓ䣎
ࡓࡢࡕ⮬ᐖࡋࡓ䣎ࢢࣜࣝࣃࣝࢶ䣴䤀࡟ࡣ䣍ࡑࡢௐࢆウࡘே≀ࢆ୺ேබ࡟ࡋࡓ䣕ࣈ
࣐ࣛ䤀࣭ࢫࢺࣛࢼࡣࣉࣛࣁࡢᆅ༊ྡ䥹ࡑࡢྡ๓ࡢព࿡࠿ࡽᑠᆅ༊䣍ᑠᕷ⾤࡜ヂࡉ
ࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡿ䥺
䣎
ࣉࣛࣁᕷෆࡢᆅ༊࡜ࡋ࡚䣍ࣔࣝࢲ࢘ᕝᕥᓊ࡟ࣇࣛ䣹ࢳ䣺ࢽ䥹ࡇࡇ࡟ࣉࣛࣁᇛࡀ࠶
ࡿ䥺࡜࣐ࣛ䤀࣭ࢫࢺࣛࢼࡀ࠶ࡾ䣍ྑᓊ࡟ᪧᕷ⾤࡜᪂ᕷ⾤ࡀ࠶ࡿ䣎
ࡕ࡞ࡳ࡟సရ୰䣍ᪧᕷ⾤ࡀఱᗘ࠿ゝཬࡉࢀࡿࡀ䣍ࣉࣛࣁ࡜࠸࠺⏫ࡀᘓタࡉࢀࡓ᫬䣍
ࡑࢀࡣࡇࡢᆅ༊ࡢ⠊ᅖ࡛࠶䣬ࡓ䣎ࡇࡢసရୡ⏺࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ䣍ᕷᗇ⯋ࡢ࠶ࡿࡇࡢᆅ
༊ࡀᕷࡢ⾜ᨻࡸྖἲࡢ୰ᚰ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎
࣐ࢡࢩ࣑䤀ࣜ࢔ࣥ஧ୡ䥹ᅾ఩୍஬භᅄ䢣୐භ䥺ࡢࡇ࡜࡛䣍ᙼࡢ㊧ࢆく䣬࡚ࣝ䤀ࢻ
ࣝࣇࡣⓚᖇ࡟࡞䣬ࡓ䣎
࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜ࢔ࡶࢫ࣌࢖ࣥࡶࣁࣉࢫࣈࣝࢡᐙࡀᨭ㓄ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ䣍࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜ࢔ࡢ኱
බ࡛࠶ࡿ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫࡀ䣍ࢫ࣌࢖ࣥࡢᨭ㓄ࡍࡿ࢜ࣛࣥࢲེ࡛஘࡟ຍᢸࡋࡓࡓࡵ䣍
୧ᅜࡢ㛵ಀࡀ㝤ᝏ࡟࡞䣬ࡓ䣎࡞࠾䣍ࡇࢀࡣᐇ㝿࡟ࡣ୍஬୐ඵᖺ࠿ࡽඵࠐᖺ࡟࠿ࡅ
࡚ࡢࡇ࡜ࡔࡀ䣍స⪅ࡣࡇࡢ௳ࢆ➨୍ᖥࡢ᫬௦䥹୍භࠐ஬ᖺ䥺࡟⛣ࡍࡇ࡜࡟ࡼ䣬࡚䣍
࢜ࣛࣥࢲ⊂❧ᡓதࡢᣦᑟ⪅࡛䣍⊂❧ᚋࡢึ௦⥲╩࢜ࣛࢽ࢚බ࢘䣵࣒ࣞ䥹ⱥㄒ䣍࢜
ⓚᖇࡢ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ཯ឤࢆ⌮ゎࡋࡸࡍࡃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎
ࣃࣞࢫࢳࢼࡢ໭㒊䣎
ࢢࣞ䤀ࢶࡣ䣍⌧ᅾࡢ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜ࢔䣍ࢩ䣻ࢱ࢖ࣖ䤀࣐ࣝࢡᕞࡢᕞ㒔ࢢࣛ䤀ࢶ䣎
࢝䤀ࣝ஬ୡࡣᐇ㝿࡟ࡣࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࡢ኱఑∗࡛䣍Ṛࡢ஧ᖺ๓࡟ⓚᖇ఩䥹୍஬୍஑䢣
ᪧ⣙⪷᭩䣍ิ⋤⣖ୖ䣍୍஧䣍஧ඵ䢣୕୕䣎
஬භ䥺࠿ࡽࡶࢫ࣌࢖ࣥ⋤఩䥹୍஬୍භ䢣஬භ䥺࠿ࡽࡶ㏥ࡁ䣍ࢫ࣌࢖ࣥ୰す㒊࡟࠶
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࡢᮎᘵ䣎ᮏస࡟ࡣⓏሙࡋ࡞࠸䣎
ࡿࣘࢫࢸಟ㐨㝔࡟࡚㞃᳇⏕άࢆ㏦䣬ࡓ䣎
୍஬஑஬ᖺ䣍࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫࡀ᭱㧗ྖ௧ᐁࡔ䣬ࡓ᫬䣍ࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀࡛᭱㧗ᣦ᥹ᐁࡢᆅ
䥺ࡔࡀ䣍ᚋ஧⪅ࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ⚄⪷ࣟ䤀࣐ᖇᅜࡢ㡿㑥ᅜᐙ䣎
఩࡟࠶䣬ࡓࡀ䣍ࡑࡢᖺ࡟Ṛཤࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎
ࢩ䣻ࢱ࢖ࣖ䤀ࡣ㒔ᕷ䥹ὀ
సရ࡟ሙᡤࡢㄝ᫂ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀ䣍ࣁࣉࢫࣈࣝࢡྩ୺ᅜࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡍࡿ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍᅜ࡜࢜
䣷ࢽ࢔࡟ᖐᒓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎
⌧ᅾ䣍ࢣࣝࣥࢸࣥࡣ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜ࢔ࡢᕞࡔࡀ䣍ࢡࣛ࢖ࣥࡣ୍஑ᅄ஬ᖺ௨㝆䣍ࢫࣦࣟ
10
41
14 13
19 18 17 16 15
21 20
22
⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ䣎
ࣝࣀ䥹ࢫࣦࣟ䣴࢟࢔ㄒ䣍ࢻ࢖ࢶㄒ࡛ࡣࢥࣔࣝࣥ䥺࠿ࡽᩘ༑࢟ࣟ໭᪉ࡢ࠶ࡓࡾࡔ࡜
ࡍࡿሙᡤࡢྡ๓࡛䣍⌧ᅾࡢࢫࣦࣟ䣴࢟࢔ࡢ䣍ࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀࡜ࡢᅜቃ㏆ࡃ࡟࠶ࡿࢥ࣐
ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ᥎ᐹࡉࢀࡿ䣎ࢶ䣵ࢺࣦ䣴࣭ࢺࣟࢡ࡜ࡣ䣍ࢶ䣵ࢺࣦ䣴ᕝࡀࢽࢺࣛᕝ࡟ྜὶ
ࢫ࣐࣭ࣥࢺࣝࢥ࡜ࡢ୍භࠐභᖺࡢఇᡓ༠ᐃࢆࢶ䣵ࢺࣦ䣴࣭ࢺࣟࢡㅮ࿴༠ᐃ࡜࠸࠺
23
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
232
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ
ࡓࡔࡋ௜ゝࡍࢀࡤ䣍୍஑୍ඵᖺ࡟ࢳ䣷ࢥࢫࣦࣟ䣴࢟࢔࡜࠸࠺ᅜࡀᡂ❧ࡍࡿࡲ࡛ࢫ
‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
ࡋ⮬㌟ࡣ࠶࡞ࡓ࡜ࡣ㌷஦⾜ືࢆ࡜ࡶ࡟ࡋ࡞࠸䣎ࡋ࠿ࡋ࠶࡞ࡓࡀ㐲ࡃ㞳ࢀࡓ
䥹㐲ࡃ࠿ࡽ᪂ࡓ࡟ேࠎࡢ㦁ࡄኌ࡜㡢ᴦ䥺
࣭ ࢡࣝࣃ
࣓
࢔
࣭ ࢡࣝࣃ
࣓
࢔
࣭ ࣐ࢡࢩ࣐
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ 䥹ᮘࡢ࡯࠺࡟ྥࡁ┤䣬࡚䣍࠸ࡃࡽ࠿㊥㞳ࢆ࡜䣬࡚ࡦࡊࡲࡎࡁ䣍
࢔
࡜ࡇࢁ࡛䣍◊ࡂ⃈ࡲࡉࢀࡓṊჾ࡟ࡼ䣬࡚ᩛࢆᾘࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠺ࡕ࡟䣍࠶࡞ࡓࡢ
ࡃࡾ࠿࠼ࡋ⬚ࢆࡓࡓࡃ䥺ࢃࡓࡋࡢ㐣ࡕࡔ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡢ㐣ࡕࡔ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡢ᭱኱
ࣦ䣵ࣦ䣴䤀ࢺ
୓ ṓ 䣍࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ䣎
࣓
㌷ࡢ⫼ᚋ࡟ᅇ䣬࡚࠸ࡿᩛࡶ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺䣎ࡦࡑࡸ࠿࡛࠶ࡿࡀࡺ࠼࡟᭱ࡶ༴㝤
ࡢ㐣ࡕࡔ䣎
࣭ ࢡࣝࣃ
࡞ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ᩛࢆࡴࡋࡾ䣍⠠࡟࠿ࡅ䣍ྲྀࡾ㝖ࡃᙺ┠ࡣࢃࡓࡋࡀ࠾ᘬࡁཷࡅࡋ
⾤㊰࠿ࡽ
䥹୓ṓࢆྉࡪኌࡀ⥆ࡁ䣍࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫࡀ㢦ࢆ୧ᡭ࡛そ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ࠺ࡕ࡟䣍ᖥ
ࡼ࠺䣎ࡇࡢᅜࡀᡭධࢀࡢ⾜ࡁᒆ࠸ࡓᗞ࡜࡞ࡾ䣍ᐇࡾ㇏࠿࡞✐≀⏿࡜࡞䣬࡚䣍
⚄࡟ᯝᐇࢆ䣎
ࡀ㝆ࡾࡿ䥺
࡞࠾ࡉࡽ࠸࠸ࡒ䣎
ࡑ࠺࡜ࡶ䣍୕
䥹ḟࡢ఍ヰࡢ㛫࡟䣍ࡑࡢሙ࡟࠸ࡿேࠎࡣሙᡤࢆ✵ࡅ䣍㏻ࡾ㐨ࢆసࡿ䥺
䢣
ᡓࡀጞࡲࡿࡒ䣎ࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱ࢖ࣥ࡝ࡢ䣍႐ࡧ⤥࠼䣎
ࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱ࢖ࣥ Ꮀࡋ䣮࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎
䢣
୕༑ᖺࡔ䣎
ᗄே࠿ࡢ⪅ ࢃࢀࢃࢀ࡟ࡶ႐ࡤࡋ࠸䣎୕༑ᖺ⥆ࡇ࠺࡜ࡶ䣎
䢣
༑ᖺࡔࢁ࠺࡜䣎
䥹ᗄே࠿ࡀࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱ࢖ࣥ࡜ᥱᡭࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ䣍඲ဨ䣍㏥ሙ䥺
⩻ヂ࡟࠶ࡓࡾḟࡢసရ㞟ࢆᗏᮏ࡜ࡋ࡚⏝࠸䣍స⪅ࡢ௚ࡢ✏ࢆ᥇⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᮏ
‒
ᖸ࠿ࡽࡧ࡚ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓ䣎ᑗ᮶ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ᛮ䣬࡚࠸ࡓ࠶ࢀࡇࢀࡢክࡣᾘ࠼ኻࡏ䣍
1987.
Helmut Bachmaier. Frankfurt am Main (Deutscher Klassiker Verlag)
Franz Grillparzer: Werke, Band 3 (Dramen 1828-1851). Hrsg. von
ࡶཧ↷ࡋࡓ䣎
ࡑࢀ࡞ࡢ࡟☢▼ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࢃࡓࡋࡢ┠ࢆ
࠶࡞ࡓࡢ៮ࡋࡳࡣ቎ࢆ㉺࠼䣍⨩ࡋࡓ࠶࡜ࡶ࡞࠾ࡇࡇࡲ࡛ᘏࡧ࡚ࡃࡿࡢ࠿䣎
ᘬࡁᐤࡏ䣍Ꮡᅾࡋ࡞࠸࡟ࡶᣊࡽࡎ䣍ᙧ࡛ᝨࢃࡍࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿ䣎ศ࠿䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎
እ࡟ฟ࡚Ẽࢆ⣮ࡽࢃࡋࡓ࠸䣎
䢣
඗ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡟↓ຊࢆឤࡌ࡚䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣ቎✰࡟ࡼࢁࡵ࠸࡚⾜ࡃ䣎
࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡓࡶࡢࢆࢃࡓࡋࡣ࿡ࢃ䣬ࡓ䣎ࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࢃࡓࡋࡢ⏕㌟ࡢ࠿ࡽࡔࡣ
࠾඗ୖ䣎඗ୖࡀ⏕ࡁ㛗ࡽ࠼࡚䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡀṚࢇ࡛࠸ࢀࡤ䣎࠿ࡘ࡚⣲ᬕࡽࡋ࠸
ࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡔࡅࡔ䣎䥹ど⥺ࡀᖇᅜࡢ⾲❶࡟ࡪࡘ࠿ࡾ䣍┠ࢆࡑࡴࡅࡿ䥺࠾
╔࠸࡚ࡣ䣬ࡁࡾࡋࡓࡢࡣ䣍ࡇࡇࡲ࡛᮶ࡓ㐨ࡀチࡉࢀࡿṇࡋ࠸㐨࡛ࡣ࡞࠿䣬
㡪࠸࡚࠸ࡿ䣎Ḽኌࡢ㬆ࡾṆࡲ࡞࠸ࡢࡣ䣍࠿࠼䣬࡚౧ࡋ࠸ࡶࡢ䣎┠ᶆ࡟㎺ࡾ
ࡀࢃࡓࡋࡀḧࡋ࠸ࡢࡣ㟼࠿ࡉࡔ䣎ࡑࢀ࡞ࡢ࡟ࡇࡢᚰࡢ୰ࡶࡸ࠿ࡲࡋࡃ㬆ࡾ
ࡑࢇ࡞ࡶࡢࡣࡇ࡜ࢃࡿ䣎ᖾ㐠ࡶࡶ࠺࠸ࡽࢇ䣎࡝ࡇࡶ࠿ࡋࡇࡶ㦁ࡀࡋ࠸䣎ࡔ
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ 䥹ࣂࣝࢥࢽ䤀࠿ࡽᡠ䣬࡚᮶ࡿ䥺ᡓ࡜࠿୕༑ᖺ࡜࠿ఱࡢࡇ࡜ࡔ䣎
233
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࡝࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶ㟼࠿࡟࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࠿䣎
㝎ୗ࡟ࡶࡈ㏞ᝨ࠿ࡶ▱ࢀࢇ䣎௒
࠸࡞ࡀࡽ䣍Ḽኌࢆΰࡐྜࢃࡏ࡚ࡃࡿ䣎
ᚑ൅ 䥹ධ䣬࡚ࡁ࡚䥺ⓚᖇࡀஸࡃ࡞ࡽࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࡀࡍ࡛࡟▱ࢀࢃࡓ䣬࡚࠾ࡾࡲ
䢣
ࡣ࡯࠿ࡢ⪃࠼ࡈ࡜ࢆࡋ࡚ⱞࡋࢇ࡛࠾ࡽࢀࡿࡔࢁ࠺䣎
ࡍ䣎᪂ࡋ࠸୺ྩ࡟Ḽ࿧ࡢኌࡀୖࡀ䣬࡚䣍ⓙ䣍୍┠ぢࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛
䥹ࡦ࡜ࡾࡢ⪅ࡀࣂࣝࢥࢽ䤀࡟ฟ࡚䣍ࣁࣥ࢝ࢳ࡛ྜᅗࡍࡿ䣎㡢ᴦࡀࡸࡴ䥺
ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎
୓ ṓ 䣍࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ䣎
ࣦ䣵ࣦ䣴䤀ࢺ
እ࡛
Ẹ⾗ࡢᮃࡳ࡜ᛅᐇ࡞ᐙ᮶ࡢ㢪࠸ࢆఏ࠼࡚ࡇ࠸䣎
㝎ୗ࡟
ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚䣍㌟⨭ࡽࢀࡓ୺ྩࡢⴿ൤ࢆᚰࡢ୰࡛ࡋ࡚࠾࠸࡚࠿ࡽ䣍୺ྩࡢௐࢆ
ウ࡜࠺䣎ௐウࡕࡣ┿ࡢ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍᚐ࡟ࡣ┦ᛂࡋࡃ࡞࠸ࡀ䣍୺ྩࡢᩛ࡟⨩ࢆ
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ 䥹ᐁᡣᐊࢆᣦࡋ࡚䥺ㄡ࠿⾜䣬࡚⏦ࡋୖࡆࢁ䣎
ᴟฮ࡟࡞ࢁ࠺࡜ࡶ䣍ᩛࢆỌ㐲ࡢṚ࠿ࡽᩆ῭ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡶ࡞ࡿࡢࡔ䣎▷ᮇỴ
䥹ᚑ൅䣍ᐁᡣᐊ࡟ධ䣬࡚ࡺࡃ䥺
䢣
ୗࡑ࠺䣎ࡑࢀࡣࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢᩛ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ䣎ࡔࡀ⨩ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྠ᫬࡟䣍ࡓ࡜࠼
ᡓࡣ㛫㏆࡟㏕䣬ࡓ䣎
ࡇࡢ㞺ᅖẼࢆΎ᪂࡞࠺ࡕ࡟฼⏝ࡋ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸䣎ࡇࢀࡶྂࡧ࡚ࡋࡲ࠼
ࡤ䣍࡞ࡐྂࡧࡓࡢ࠿࡜ၥࢃࢀ䣍⌮⏤ࡀẼ࡟࡞ࡾ䣍䣓࡞ࡐ䣔࡜㝿㝈ࡀ࡞ࡃ࡞
ࡿ䣎
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ 䥹ᐁᡣᐊ࠿ࡽฟ࡚ࡁ࡚䥺࡝࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶᨺ䣬࡚࠾࠸࡚ࡃࢀ࡞࠸ࡢ
࠿䣎ࡇࡢୖ࡝࠺ࡋࢁ࡜ゝ࠺ࡢࡔ䣎
Ẹ⾗ࡀ஦ࡢḟ➨ࢆ▱䣬࡚䣍࠾ࡢࡀ୺ྩࢆࢻ࢖ࢶ⋤ࡢ⋢ᗙ
࡟ᑵ࠿ࡏࡼ࠺࡜ྉࢇ࡛࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ᙼࡽ࡟ຍ࠼࡚䣍ᡓሙ࡟㉱ࡃ⏝ពࢆࡋ࡚࠸
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ
ேࡀ቎࡟ධࡾ䣍௒ࡢᏊ౪ࡀ኱ே࡟࡞ࡽࡠ࠺ࡕࡣ䣍⾑ࡢ୰࡛ࡓࡂ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ㔄
ࡿᡓኈ䣍ࡑࡢ࡝ࡕࡽࡶࡀ㝎ୗࢆ୍┠ぢࡓ࠸࡜せồࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ ࡑࢀ࡞ࡽࡉ䣬ࡉ࡜䣎
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ 䥹࢞ࣛࢫᡞࢆᣦࡋ࡚䥺ࡇࡢࣂࣝࢥࢽ䤀࠿ࡽ࠸࠿ࡀ࡛ࡋ䣯
࠺䣎
୺ྩࡀ࡝ࡕࡽ࠿䣍Ẹ⾗࡟ࡣศ࠿ࡿࡔࢁ࠺䣎
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡶ⾜䣬࡚ࢃࡓࡋࡢᶓ࡟❧䣬࡚ࡃࢀ䣎ࡑ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶ⮬ศࡢ
ࡉ࡚䣍ㄡࡶࡀ䣍⮬ศࡢᮏᙜࡢᣢࡕሙࡀ࡝ࡇ࡞ࡢ࠿ศ࠿ࡿࡼ࠺࡟䣍ࡇࢀ࠿
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࡶ࠺ࡇࢀ௨ୖ↹ࢃࡋ࠸ᛮ࠸ࢆ࠿ࡅࡿࡢࡣࡸࡵࡼ࠺䣎ࢃࡓ
䥹ูࢀࡢ㌟᣺ࡾ䥺ࡉࡽࡤ䣎䥹ࣂࣝࢥࢽ䤀࡟ฟ
䥹ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ኱බ䣍ᜤࡋࡃ࠾㎡൤ࡋ࡚ᚋ㏥ࡍࡿ䥺
࡛ࡣᡞࢆ㛤ࡅ䣎
䢣 ࠸ࡊ䢣
㔜ࢇࡌࡿ࠿ࡽࡔ䣎࣌ࣥࡀ๢ࡼࡾ☜ᐇ࡟ᡴᧁࢆ୚࠼ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡶࡼࡃ࠶ࡿࡇ
ࣦ䣵ࣦ䣴䤀ࢺ
୓ ṓ 䣍࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ䣎
ࡿ䣎እ࠿ࡽḼ࿧ࡢኌ䥺
እࡢ㡢ᴦ࡜ႏኌ
࡜䣎
ࡽ࿨௧᭩ࢆࡋࡓࡓࡵࡼ࠺䣎࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡶ⾜ື࡜ྠᵝ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣ㈼᫂࡞ᩥ᭩ࡶ
ࡋࡁ▱ᜨࢆᛮ࠸ࡸࢀ䣎
࡟ࡋ࡚ࡣࡲࡔⱝࡍࡂࡿ䣎ᫍ༨࠸ࡶࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡀ䣍࡞ࡽࡤࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇᖇࡢᝒ
ࡓ⤫⋡⪅࡛࠶ࡾ䣍ࡲࡓᑗ᮶ࡣᑗ㌷࡜࡞ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࡜ぢ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡔࡀணゝ⪅
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡀ༑ศಙ㢗࡛ࡁࡿᡓኈ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍⇍⦎ࡋ
㓝ࡶ㟼ࡲࡾࡣࡋ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎
ࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱ࢖ࣥ Ẋୗ䣍୍ୡ௦ࡢ㛗ࡉࡣࡑࢀࡃࡽ࠸࡜࠸࠸ࡲࡍ䣎௒ࡢ኱
ࡣࡎࡔ䣎▷ᮇ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎ఱࢆᛮ࠸ࡘ࠸ࡓ䣎࡞ࡐ୕༑ᖺ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎
ࡢቨ࠿ࡽࡇࡔࡲࡋ࡚ゝⴥࡀࡃࡾ࠿࠼ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ࡔ䣎▷ᮇỴᡓ࡜ゝ䣬ࡓ
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ㄡࡔ䣎ఱࢆᛮ࠸ࡘ࠸ࡓ䣎࡞ࡐ୕༑ᖺ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎ࡲࡿ࡛ᅄ᪉
࠺࡜ࡶ䣎
ࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱ࢖ࣥ 䥹ேࠎࡢ㛫࡟ΰࡌ䣬࡚䥺ᡓதࡣⰋ࠸ࡇ࡜䣍୕༑ᖺ⥆ࡇ
234
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ
‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࡀࡇࡇ࡟࠸ࡓࡽ䣍ጁ᱌ࢆฟࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿࡔࢁ࠺䣎
࠿ࡋࡇࡢࡓࡧぢ⯙䣬ࡓࡢࡣṚ⚄࡛ࡋ࡚䣍ࡈᔂᚚ࠶ࡑࡤࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓ䣎
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ᙼࡀฟ❧ࡋ࡚ࡲࡔ࠸ࡃࡽࡶࡓ䣬࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎࠾ᮃࡳ࡜
ୗࢆᛮ䣬࡚Ἵࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࢀࡤ䣎ࡑ࠺ࡍࡿ࡟౯ࡍࡿ࠾࠿ࡓࡔ䣎ᩗ⹥࡞Ẋ࡛
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࠾࠾䣍ษ㏕ࡍࡿ᫬௦ࡀࢃࡓࡋ࡟⊰ணࢆ୚࠼࡚ࡃࢀ࡚䣍㝎
࠶ࡽࡤ䣍౑࠸ࡢ⪅ࡀࡁ䣯࠺ࡢ࠺ࡕ࡟ࡶ㐃ࢀ࡚ᡠࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎ࡓࡔࡋࡑ
࠶䣬ࡓ䣎
ࡢሙྜࡣᜍࢀ࡞ࡀࡽ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡢ࡯࠺ࡣࡇࡢ᭩≧ࢆࡋࡓࡓࡵࡽࢀࡓ࠿ࡓࡀࡓ
࡜ᡭࢆ⤖ࢇ࡛࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡢ࡛䣍✜ࡸ࠿࡞ࢃࡀᅜ࡬ᖐࡽࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍ䣎䥹ࡦ
ࡼࡾ௨ୖ࡟㈼᫂࡞࠾࠿ࡓ࡛ࡋࡓ䣎
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࡑ࠺࡛ࡍ࡜ࡶ䣎ࡑࢀ࡟᪩ィ࡟ៃ࡚࡚࡞ࡉࢀࡓ஦࡝ࡶ࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿ
ࡊࡲࡎ࠸࡚᭩≧ࢆᕪࡋฟࡍ䥺
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࡔࡀ䣍ཿᬛ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡣࡓ࠸ࡀ࠸⾜ື࡟⌧ࢀࡿࡶࡢ䣎
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ఱࡶ࡞ࡍ࡭ࡁࡇ࡜ࡀ࡞࠸࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࡣ䣍ࡲࡓ⾜ືࡶ࠶ࡾ࠼ࡲࡏࢇ䣎
᫬௦ࡣ䣍ே࡟ຓࡅࡽࢀࡿ௨ୖ࡟䣍຾ᡭ࡟࡝࠺࡟࠿ษࡾᢤࡅ࡚ࡺࡃࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎
ࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱ࢖ࣥ኱బ䣍ࣉࣛࣁ࠿ࡽ᮶ࡓ࡜࡞䣎ⓚᖇࡢ
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ 䥹ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࡢᡭ࠿ࡽ᭩≧ࢆࡦ䣬ࡓࡃࡿ䥺࡝࠺࡞ࡿ࠿
䢣
ࡈᐜయࡣ࡝࠺ࡔ䣎䥹ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ኱බࢆᶓ┠࡛ぢࡸ䣬࡚䥺ࡓ䣬ࡓ௒䣍
ᖇᅜࡢ⾲❶ ࢆᣢཧ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡋࡓ䣎ᖇᅜࡣࡇࡢࡓࡧ䣍ṇᙜࡢᶒ฼࡜ࡋ࡚௚
ぢ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺䣎
࠶ࡢ࠿ࡓࡢࡇ࡜ࢆᛀࢀࡿ࡞࡜ദಁࡉࢀࡓࡼ࠺࡞Ẽࡀࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࡞䣎
㝎ୗࡣࢃࡓࡋࡢ཭
ࡢ࠾࠿ࡓࡢࡶࡢ࡜࡞ࡾࡲࡍࡺ࠼䣎ࡍ࡛࡟⥅ᢎᶒࢆᡤ᭷ࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡿ࠾ୡ⥅
ࡂ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡇࢀ࡛཭࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ⩏ົࡶᯝࡓࡋࡲࡋࡓࡢ࡛
䢣
ࡶゝ࠸ࡩࡽࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࡢ࡛䣍௒࡛ࡣ䣍ᇛ࠿ࡽⓎࡋ࡚୙ᖾࢆఏ࠼ࡿშࢆ࡯࡜
ࡣ⚄ࡢࡈຍㆤ࡟ጤࡡ࡚䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣࢃࡓࡋࢆ࿧ࡧᐤࡏ࡚࠸ࡿ⮬ศࡢᅜ࡟ᖐࡾ
࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍ࠿ࡽ䣍ࡇࡢᅜ
࡛ࡋࡓ䣎ᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶࢃࡓࡋࡣ㝎ୗࡢ཭࡛ࡋࡓ
❶ࡢࡘ࠸ࡓභ㢌❧࡚ࡢ㤿㌴ࢆ㏣࠸㉺ࡋࡲࡍ࡜䣍୰࡟ࡣ㯮࠸᭹ࢆ╔ࡓ࠿ࡓࡀ
ࡔࡉ࠸䣎ࡑࡋ࡚࡝࠺࠿እࡢᡬࡲ࡛
䢣
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ఱࡣ࡜ࡶ࠶ࢀ䣍ࢃࡀ୍㛛ࡢឤㅰࡢẼᣢࡕࢆ࠾ཷࡅྲྀࡾࡃ
ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡋ䣯࠺࠿䣎
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ 䥹ࡇ࡜ࢃࡿ㌟᣺ࡾࢆࡋ࡚䥺Ṛࡋ࡚ேࡣⓙ➼ࡋࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ㄡࡋ
ࡶṚࢆචࢀࡿࢃࡅ࡟ࡣࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎
䥹ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ䣍ཤࡿ䣎కࡢ⪅ࡓࡕࡣ⾲❶ࡢධ䣬ࡓࢣ䤀ࢫࢆୖᡭᚋᬒ࡟࠶ࡿ
ᮘ࡟㍕ࡏࡿ䥺
䥹㐲ࡃ࡛㌷ᴦ䥺
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ 㡢ᴦࢆࡸࡵࡉࡏࢁ䣎࠶ࡢ㡪ࡁࡣࡇࡢ⬚ࡢᝒࡋࡳࢆ࠶ࡊ➗
ࡍ䣎
ࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱ࢖ࣥ 䥹❆࡟㥑ࡅᐤࡾ䥺ࢃࡓࡋࡢ⏦ࡋࡓ࢝ࣉࣛ䤀ࣛṌර㝲࡛
൅ࡓࡕࡀ⏦ࡍ࡟䣍ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡶࡋࡤࡋࡤⓎస࡟ぢ⯙ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡽࡋࡓ࠿ࡽ䣎ࡋ
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ
ࡶࡘ࠸࡚ࡃࡿ࡞䣎ࡦ࡜ࡾ࡟࡞ࡾࡓ࠸䣎䥹୰࡟ධ䣬࡚⾜ࡃ䥺
࡞䣬ࡓ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡀඛ࡟Ṛࡡࡤࡼ࠿䣬ࡓࡶࡢࢆ䣎䥹ᐁᡣᐊࡢᡞཱྀ࡟⾜ࡁ䥺ㄡ
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ ࡼࡃศ࠿䣬ࡓ䣎ࡑ࡞ࡓࡓࡕࡢ⾰⿦ࡀㄒ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎඗ୖࡣஸࡃ
࡚࠸ࡿ䥺
⿦㌟ලࢣ䤀ࢫࢆ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ᦠ࠼ࡓᩘேࡢᘐ⮧ࡀධ䣬࡚ࡃࡿ䣎඲ဨ䣍႙᭹ࢆ╔
䥹ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ࣭ࣇ䣸࣭ࣥࣈࣛ࢘ࣥࢩ䣻ࣦ䣴࢖ࢡබ࡜䣍㇦⳹࡞㣭ࡾࡢࡘ࠸ࡓ
ࡓࡼ࠺࡛ࡍ䣎࠾ࢇ⮬ࡽ࠾⟅࠼ࢆ࠾⪺ࡁୗࡉ࠸ࡲࡏ䣎
ࡲࡍ䣎
䢣
ࢇ࡝ㄡࡶಙࡌ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎࡛ࡍࡀ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡀࢱ䤀࣎ࣝᶫ ࡛ⓚᖇࡢ⣠
ࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱ࢖ࣥ ⓚᖇ㝎ୗࡣ⏕ࡁ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡟䣍ஸࡃ࡞ࡽࢀࡓ࡜ఱᗘ
71
ࡓࡀ࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓ䣎႙᭹࠿࡜ࡶᛮࢃࢀࡲࡍ䣎ࡑࡢ࠿ࡓࡀࡓࡀ࠾╔ࡁ࡟࡞䣬
70
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࡑ࠺࡛ࡍ䣎ᛴ࡞Ⓨస࡛䣎ࡲࡔᮃࡳࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣᚑ
235
䣯࠺ࡢ࠺ࡕ࡟ࡶࢲࣥࣆ࢚䤀ࣝ㥽ර㝲ࡀࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡍ䣎࢝ࣉࣛ䤀ࣛṌර㝲ࡶ᭱
䤀ࣝ㥽ර㝲ࡀࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎ࡇࢀ࡛Ẋୗࡣ㉏ࢆᡭ୰࡟཰ࡵࡽࢀࡓࡼ࠺࡞ࡶ
ࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱ࢖ࣥ 䥹❆࡟㥑ࡅᐤ䣬࡚䥺ఱ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡔ䣎ࡣࡸ䣍ࢲࣥࣆ࢚
᪩㏆ࡃࡲ࡛᮶࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡋ䣯࠺䣎ຊ࡟㏿ࡉࡀ⤖ࡧࡘ࠿ࡠ࡜䣍ᡓ࡟ᡭ㊊ࡀᥞ䣬
ࡢ䣎
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ ఱࡢࣛ䣹ࣃࡔ䣎࡝࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡔ䣎
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ 㝎ୗ䣍࠶ࢀࡣ䣍ཌ࠿ࡲࡋ࠸ེ஘㌷ࡀࢃࢀࢃࢀ࡟ṑྥ࠿䣬
࡚࠸ࡿࣉࣛࣁ࡬ྥ࠿࠺㌷㝲࡟ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ
ఱࢆࡄࡎࡄࡎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎
䥹࿧ࡧ࠿ࡅࡽࢀࡓ⪅ࡓࡕࡀᙜᝨࡋ࡚࠶࡜ࡎࡉࡿࡢ࡛䥺
࡛㟼࠿࡟Ꮤࠎ࡜ࡋ࡚⾜࡞࠺ࡦࡑ࠿࡞Ⴀࡳ࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ䣎ᯡᶵཀࢆ࿧ࢇ࡛᮶࠸䣎
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ ࡑ࠺ᐇࢆ⤖ࢇࡔ࠿䣍ࡔࡀᯝᐇ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡣ䣍ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢ⫼ᚋ
ࡑࡋ࡚ࡢ
ࡓࡔ௒䣍ࢡࣇࢩ䣻ࢱ࢖ࣥ࡟ฟ❧࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡋࡓ䣎
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ ௒ࡇࡢ᫬࡟࠿䣎Ẽ࡛ࡶ≬䣬ࡓࡢ࠿䣎
ࢫࢺࣜ࢔ࡢ㧗㈗࡞ࡿ୍᪘࡟ᛅㄔᚰࢆᢪࡃ⪅ࡣධࢀ䣎
࡟࠾ධࡾࡃࡔࡉࢀࡤ䣍ࡑࡢࢃࡅࢆ㏲୍ࡈㄝ᫂࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍ䣎
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ᅜ⋤㝎ୗ䣍ࡲࡉ࡟ࡇࡢ᫬࡟࡛ࡍ䣎
䥹ᐁᡣᐊࢆᣦࡋ࡚䥺୰
䥹ᩘேࡀධ䣬࡚ࡃࡿ䥺
䥹࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ⋤䣍ᐁᡣᐊ࠿ࡽฟ࡚ࡃࡿ䥺
ࡓࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎
ࡑࢀࢆ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡀᘬࡁཷࡅࡓࢃࡅ࠿䣎
ឤㅰࡍࡿࡒ䣎ࡑࢀ࡟࠸ࡘࡢ᪥࠿䣍⚄ࡀࢃࡓࡋࢆࡇࡢᅜࡢ
Ẽࢆࡘࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡍࡿ䣎
68
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ኱බ 䥹୰ኸᡬࢆ㛤࠸࡚䥺᥍࠼ࡢ㛫࡟࠸ࡿ⪅ࡢ࠺ࡕ䣍࢜䤀
࡝ࡢῬࡁ࡛ࡍ䣎
ࡑࢇ࡞ࡇ࡜ࢆゝ䣬࡚ࡼ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺࠿ 䣎஦ࢆỴࡍࡿࡢࡣ᫬
ࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱ࢖ࣥ ࡇࡢἨࡢỈࡣỴࡋ࡚㣧ࡴࡲ࠸䣍࡜ྂ࠸ㅗ࡟࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀ䣍
䢣
࡞࠸࡛ࡃࢀ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡢẼ࡟ධࡿ௨ୖ࡟ࡣ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡀ௙࠼࡞࠸ࡼ࠺䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡶ
⋢ᗙ࡟ᗙࡽࡏ⤥࠺࡞ࡽ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡀᚲせ࡟࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺࡜ᛮ࠺䣎ࡔࡀᝏࡃᛮࢃ
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ
ࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱ࢖ࣥ ࡈ୙‶࡛ࡋ䣯࠺࠿䣎
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ
236
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ 䥹ཝࡋࡃ䥺බࡢሙ࡛⿢ࡅࡿࡼ࠺࡟䣍ໟࡳ㞃ࡉࡎ⏦ࡏ䣎
ࣉࣛࣁ࡛ࡣ㈾Ẹࡀ䣍ಙ௮ࡢ㈾Ẹࡀഐⱝ↓ேࡢ᣺⯙࠸䣍Ỵࡋ࡚㯲䣬࡚ぢ࡚ࡣ
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ 䥹࣐ࣥࢺ࠿ࡽᩘ㏻ࡢ᭩≧ࢆྲྀࡾฟࡋ࡚䣍ᑠኌ࡛䥺ࡇࡇ࡟
࠶ࡿ᭩≧ࡣ䣍ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢࡼࡁ ㅛ ࡢẚ㢮࡞ࡁᨭ࠼࡛࠶ࡿࣂ࢖࢚ࣝࣥ࡜ࢫ
ࡣ࠿ࡾࡈ࡜
࠸ࡽࢀ࡞࠸䣎࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍᚐ࡟ࡋ࡚㈗᪘ࡓࡿ⪅ࡣ䣍⚄࡜ṇ⩏ࡢࡓࡵ䣍ࢃࢀࢃ
ࢀ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㐍㌷ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆせồࡍࡿ䣎
࣌࢖ࣥ࡜ࣟ䤀࣐࠿ࡽࡢࡶࡢ䣎ⓙ䣍࠶ࡢ⏨ࡀᾘ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᮲௳࡟䣍ࢃࢀࢃࢀ
࡟ᚲせ࡞ຓຊࢆ⣙᮰ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࡇࢀ࡞ࡿࡣࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱ࢖ࣥ኱బ䣍
ᩘྡࡢ⪅ ぬᝅࡣ࡛ࡁ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎
ṧࡾࡢ⪅ ⏕࿨㈈⏘ࡶࢁ࡜ࡶ䣎
ࣉࣛࣁ࠿ࡽࡲ࠸䣬࡚䣍࠿ࡢᆅེ࡛஘ࡀ㉳ࡇ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡴࡡࢆሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲ
ࢃࡓࡋࡣࢃࡀ㌟ࢆ๐䣬࡚࡛ࡶே࡟ᑾࡃࡋࡓ࠸࡜ࡣᛮ࠺ࡀ䣍࠶ࡢᝏᛶࡢ⶝
ⲡࡀ䣍⶝ࡢ୍ᮏ୍ᮏࢆ᩿ࡓࢀ䣍ⰺࡲ࡛㝖ཤࡉࢀ࡞࠸࠺ࡕࡣఇࡴࡲ࠸ࡒ䣎
䥹㐲ࡃ࡛ࣛ䣹ࣃࡢ㡢䥺
ࡿくᧁ࡟⪏࠼ࡽࢀࡿ࡜࠾⪃࠼࡛ࡋ䣯࠺࠿䣎
≧ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚䥺ྠࡌᚿࡢᙉᅜ࡟ຓࡅࢆ㢗ࡲࡎࡋ࡚䣍ᅄ᪉࠿ࡽく࠸࠿࠿䣬࡚ࡃ
஘ࡢຨⓎࢆ௒࠿࡜ࡤ࠿ࡾ࡟ᚅࡕཷࡅ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢຊࡢࡳ࡛䣍䥹᭩
ࡍ䣎௚ࡢᅜࠎࡢ␗➃⪅ࡶ䣍ྠᵝࡢ཯ᢠ࡟ຊࢆྜࢃࡏࢇࡀࡓࡵ䣍ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓེ
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࢸ䣵ࣜ䤀 ࢆὴ㐵ࡋࢁ䣎ࣂ࢖࢚ࣝࣥබ࡟ࡣ䣍᥼㌷ࡀᚲせ
࡟࡞䣬ࡓࡽ䣍ࢃࢀࢃࢀࢆᚲࡎᛂ᥼ࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿࡼ࠺䣍᭩≧ࢆ㏦ࢀ䣎
69
᚟ㆶ┦ᡭ࡟࡞ࡿ䣎ࡍ࡛࡟ࡑ࠺ឤࡌࡿ䣎㐲ࡃ࠿ࡽࡑࡢ㊊㡢ࡀࡍࡿ䣎
ᚑ൅
䥹୰ኸᡬࢆ㛤ࡁ䣍᮶ゼࢆ࿌ࡆࡿ䥺ࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱ࢖ࣥ኱బ࡝ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ㄡࡔ࠿䣍⪺࠸ࡓ࠿䣎
ࡵࡽࡵࡽ࡜⇞࠼ᗈࡀ䣬࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࡑࡢືࡁࡣࡍ࡛࡟ࣉࣛࣁ࡟ࡲ࡛ఙࡧ࡚
ࡁࡲࡋࡓ䣎࣐䣹ࢸࢫ࣭ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥࡀ⹡ど┰ࠎ࡜ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ 䣎
ࡋ࡚䣍࠶ࡢᅜࡢᩗ⹥࡞⟶⌮ே࡛࠶ࡿᛅ⮧ࡢ࣐ࣝࢸ䣵ࢽࢶ
ࡸࢫࣦࣛ䣴ࢱࡣ㯲䣬࡚ぢ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿䣎
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ
ࢨ࢖ࣇࣜ䤀ࢺ ࡶ࠺ヰࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡺ࡜ࡾࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎࠶ࡕࡽ࡬ฟࡲࡋ䣯࠺䣎
䥹⬥ᡬ࠿ࡽᩘேࡢㆤ⾨ࡀฟ࡚ࡃࡿ䥺
ࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱ࢖ࣥ ᙼࡽࡣࡍ࡛࡟ࡶ䣬࡜ࡦ࡝࠸ࡇ࡜࡟⪏࠼ᚸࡧࡲࡋࡓ䣎࣐
࡜ࡶ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡀඛࢆ⾜ࡃᶒ฼ࡣṧ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎
ࡍ 䣎ࡑࢀࡶ㡿㑥㆟఍ࡢ┿᭱୰䣍౔ࠎㅈࠎࡢ㆟ㄽࡢ┿᭱୰࡟࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎
ࡓࡋࡀ㎡ࡋࡓ࠾ࡾ䣍ᙼࡽࢆࣇࣛ䣹ࢳ䣺ࢽࡢᇛࡢ❆࠿ࡽᢞࡆⴠ࡜ࡉࡏࡓࡢ࡛
䣹ࢸࢫ࣭ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥࡣᅵᆅࡢྂ࠸⩦័࡟ᚑ䣬࡚࡜⏦ࡍࡢ࡛ࡍࡀ䣍ࡕ䣯࠺࡝ࢃ
䥹ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ䣍ㆤ⾨ࡓࡕࡢ㛫ࢆ㏻ࡾᢤࡅ࡚㏥ሙ䣎ࢨ࢖ࣇࣜ䤀ࢺ䣍⥆ࡃ䣎ࡑ
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ 䥹ඛࢆ⾜ࡇ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࢨ࢖ࣇࣜ䤀ࢺ࡟䥺ୗࡀࢀ䣎㙐࡟⧅ࡀࢀࡼ࠺
66
ࢆぢ㏦ࡿ䥺
ࡢ㛫࡟ࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱ࢖ࣥ኱బࡀධ䣬࡚ࡁ࡚࠾ࡾ䣍᛹ゲࡑ࠺࡟ᙼࡽࡢ࠶࡜
᮶ࡿ⪅ࡔ࠿ࡽ䣍ୖࡢ㝵࡛ᐷ㎸ࡴࢃࡅ࡟ࡣ࠸࠿࡞࠿䣬ࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎࡛ࡍ
ࢆᑾࡃࡋ࡚ᬤࢆㄳ࠸ࡲࡋࡓ䣎࡞ࢇ࡜࡞ࢀࡤ䣍఩㝵࡟ᚑ࠼ࡤ᭩グᐁࡣᮎᑿ࡟
࡛ࡍࡀࡩࡓࡾ࡜ࡶ↓஦࡛ࡍࡢ࡛䣍ࡈᚰ㓄࡞ࡁࡼ࠺䣎ࡑࢀ࡝ࡇࢁ࠿ᙼࡽࡣ♩
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ኱బ䣍఍࠼࡚Ꮀࡋ࠸ࡒ䣎ࣉࣛࣁ࠿ࡽ᮶ࡓࡢ࠿䣎
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࠺ࡴ䣍࡞࠾ࡢࡇ࡜Ⰻ࠸ࡒ䣎
ᇛࡢᵝᏊࡣ࡝࠺ࡔ䣎
ࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱ࢖ࣥ ࡣ䣬䣍ᅇࡾ㐨ࢆࡋࡲࡋࡓ䣎
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ
ࡾࡢ୺ྩ䣍ࡦ࡜ࡘࡢពᛮ䣎
࡜
ࡢᛅゝ࡞࡝⪺࠿ࡠࡶࡢ䣎ᅜෆࢆ἞ࡴࡿ࡟ࡶ୙ྍศ࡞ࢀ䣎ࡦ࡜ࡘࡢ⚄䣍ࡦ࡜
࡚ࡇࡑຊࡣຊ࡜ゝ࠼ࡾ䣎ᡓࡢᗞ࡟࠶ࡾ࡚ᑗᐁࡣୗ▱ࢆ୚࠼ࡇࡑࡍࢀ䣍௚ே
ࡦ
ࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱ࢖ࣥ Ẋୗࡣ㢗ࡾ࡟࡞ࡿ࠾࠿ࡓࡔ䣎཯ᢠ࡟┿䣬ྥ࠿ࡽᑐᢠࡋ
ࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱ࢖ࣥ ⮳ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ䣍᝟ሗࡀ㘒⥈ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎⑓Ẽࡔ࡜ゝ
࠺⪅ࡶ࠶ࢀࡤ䣍ஸࡃ࡞ࡽࢀࡓ࡜ゝ࠺⪅ࡲ࡛࠾ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࡜ࢇ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡔ䣎
ࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱ࢖ࣥ ࡶࡋࡶࡢሙྜࡶ࠶ࢁ࠺࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎ࡓࡔᅜෆࡣࢃࢀ
ࡑࢀࡣ࠶࡜࡛ࡼ࠸䣎௒ࡣ⭜ࢆ࠾ࢁࡋ࡚ྛᆅࡢ㥔ᒡ㌷࡟࿨
ㄡ࡟᭩࠿ࡏࡓ䣎࠸ࡘ῭ࡲࡏࡓ䣎
ேࡶ㤿ࡶࡄࡎࡘࡃࡢ࡛䣍ఇ᠁ࡢࡓࡧࡈ࡜࡟䣍㐲ࡃ㞳ࢀࡓ㒊㝲࡟ࡶᣦ௧ࢆ᭩
ࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱ࢖ࣥ ࡞ࡽࡤࡑࢀࡶ⤖ᵓ࡞ࡇ࡜䣎ⓚᖇ㝎ୗ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛䣎ࡓ
ࡁࡲࡋࡓ䣎࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࣈࣝࣀ࡬䣍࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࡇࡢ࢘䣵䤀ࣥ࡬᮶ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡜䣎ࡁ
ࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱ࢖ࣥ ࡇࡕࡽ࡟ࡲ࠸ࡿ㐨ࡍࡀࡽ䣍㥐⯋࡟╔ࡃ࡜⩦័ࡢࡼ࠺࡟
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ
ࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱ࢖ࣥ ࡶ࠺῭ࡲࡏࡲࡋࡓ䣎
௧᭩ࢆ᭩ࡅ䣎
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ
ࡇࢀ࠿ࡽᅜ⋤㝎ୗࡢチ࡟ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡍ䣎
ࢃࢀࡀఱ࡜࠿ࡋ࡚ࡸࡿᚲせࡀࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎ୗඞୖࡢୡ࡟࡞䣬࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎
ສ チ ≧ ࡟ ࡼ 䣬࡚ ᢎ ㄆ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡓ ᩍ ఍ ࡢ ᘓ タ ࡀ ୰ ᩿ ࡉ
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࡦ䣯䣬࡜ࡋࡓࡽ䣍㏆࠸࠺ࡕ࡟ྩ୺ࡀያ㞔ࡔ࡞䣎
ࣦ 䣴 ࣞ ࣥ ࢩ 䣻 ࢱ ࢖ࣥ
ࡏࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓ䣎
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ⓚᖇࡀ୰᩿ࡉࡏࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎
࠿ࡽ࣑࣎࣊࢔ࡣᩛᅜ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮࡋྊࡋࡲࡏ䣎
䥹ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ䣍୰ኸᡬ࠿ࡽⓏሙ䥺
67
ࡔࡑ࠺ࡣᛮࢃࢀ࡚࠾ࡽࡎ䣍ᭀືࡀࣈࣛ࢘ࢼ࢘䣍ࣉࣝࢮࢽ ࡞࡝ᅜࡌ䣮࠺࡛
65
‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
237
᮶ゼࢆ႐ࡤࢀࡲࡋ䣯࠺䣎
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࡸ䣬࡜༑᫬࡟࡞䣬ࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࡔࡀ䣍࣑ࢧࡣ༑୍᫬࡛ࡣ࡞࠸
࡞䣬ࡓࡽ䣍ࢡࣇࢩ䣻ࢱ࢖ࣥ࡟ࡲ࡛ᕠ♩ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎ࡑࡢ᫬䣍ࢃࡓ
ࡋࡣถ᪕ࡋ࡚ᖐ䣬࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡍ 䣎
ᚰ㓄ࡍࡿ࡞䣎ࡇࡢࡈோࡣ࠶ࡽ࠿ࡌࡵ䣍ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡀ஦ࢆጞ
ࢀ࡚⾜ࡅ䣎ࡇࡇ࡛⿢ุᐁᙺࡤ࠿ࡾ࠿⊹༞ᙺࡲ࡛ࡸࡿࡢࡣࢃࡓࡋࡢရ఩࡟┦
ࡵࡿ๓࡟୺ྩࡀࡇࡇ࡛㑧㨱ࢆࡋ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ィࡽ䣬࡚ࡃࢀࡓࡢࡔ䣎ࡔࡀࡶ࠺㐃
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ
ࢨ࢖ࣇࣜ䤀ࢺ 䥹ධ䣬࡚ࡁ࡚䥺᫬ࡀ㏕䣬࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎
࠿䣎
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ♩ᣏࡣ᫬ࢆ㑅ࡧࡲࡏࢇ䣎
ࡲ࠶࠾ࡲ࠼ࡀࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡋࡓࢃࡅࡔ䣎ឤㅰࡋࡼ࠺䣎
ᛂࡋࡃ࡞࠸䣎ࡶ䣬࡜ࡶ䣍⚄࡟཯ᢠࡋࡓ⏨ࡀሻ࡟ࡲࡳࢀࡿࡢࢆぢࡿࡢࡣ
䢣
ࢃࡓࡋࡣኳ࡟ྜᅗࢆࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠸ࡓ࠿䣬ࡓࡢࡔࡀ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡀ⮬ࡽྜᅗࢆࡋ࡚
ࢃࡓࡋࡢࡓࡵ࡛࡞ࡃ䣍ࡑ࠺䣍⚄ࡢࡓࡵ࡟
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࢨ࢖ࣇࣜ䤀ࢺ࡝ࡢ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣ࠸ࡘࡶࡑ࡞ࡓࡢ཭ࡔ䣬ࡓ䣎
႐ࡤࡋࡃࡶ䣍ᚰᙎࡴࡇ࡜࡛ࡣ
ࡃࢀࡓ䣎ࡶ࠺୍ᗘឤㅰࡍࡿ䣎ࡇࢀࡀࡎࡿ㈼ࡉࡢሗ࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ䣍ࡁࡵ⣽࠿
࠶ࡿࡀ䣎㐨୰ࡢ↓஦ࢆ♳ࡿ䣎࡛ࡣࢡࣇࢩ䣻ࢱ࢖ࣥ࡟ᛴࡆ䣎䥹୰ኸᡬࡼࡾ㏥
ᖺ㔠ࢆᣄྰ࡞ࡉ䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࡡ䣎
ࢨ࢖ࣇࣜ䤀ࢺ ࡑࢀࡺ࠼࠶࡞ࡓࡣࢃࡓࡋࡢጒ࡟䣍ᙜ↛㈔䣬࡚ࡶ࠾࠿ࡋࡃ࡞࠸
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࡔࡀ䣍ࡋࢁ࡜ゝࢃࢀࡓࡽ㸽
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ 䥹ᐁᡣᐊ࡟㏆࡙࠸࡚䥺ࡇࡇ࡛࿨௧ࢆୗࡏࡿ࠿ࡓࡀ࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡋ䣯
ෆࡢ㢠ࢆ⏦ࡉࢀࡼ䣎ࡓࡔࡋ⊰ணࢆࡃࢀ䣍༑஬ศࡔ䣎ᐙ࡟ᖐ䣬࡚᭩㢮ࢆᩚ⌮
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ጒᚚ࡟ᕪࡋୖࡆࡼ࠺䣎㔠㈌࡛せồࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡞ࡽ୕୓ࢡࣟ䤀ࢿ௨
࠺࠿䣎
ࡉࡏ࡚ࡃࢀ䣎ㄡࡢᙺ࡟ࡶ❧ࡓ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡀἑᒣ࠶ࡿࡢࡔ䣎
ࢨ࢖ࣇࣜ䤀ࢺ ࢃࡓࡋࡢ࠿ࡽࡔࡣṊჾ࡜ྠࡌᮦ㉁࡛࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡲࡋ࡚࡞䣍ᣙࡣ
࠾ࡽࢀࡿ䣎࠾ࡲ࠼ࡀ♩ᣏᇽ࡬⾜࠿ࡏࡓ࠿ࡽ࡟ࡣ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡣ௒ࡇࡕࡽࡢࡶࡢ
㕲䣍⬚ࡣ㟷㖡࡛ࡍ䣎䥹ୗᡭࡢ⬥ᡬࢆᣦࡋ࡚䥺ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢ⾜ࡃ㐨ࡣ࠶ࡕࡽ࡛
⮬ศ࡛⮬ศࢆ↓㜵ഛ࡟ࡋࡓࡢࡔ䣎ᅜ⋤ࡣ࠾㒊ᒇࢆ㞳ࢀ࡚
ࡔ䣎ᩍⓚࡣ࠾ࡲ࠼ࢆࣟ䤀࣐࡟⨨࠸࡚࠾ࡃࡘࡶࡾࡔ䣎ࡔ࠿ࡽࢡࣇࢩ䣻ࢱ࢖ࣥ
ࡍ䣎᐀᪨᭰࠼ࡋ࡚㢗ࡳࡈ࡜࡞࡝࡞ࡉ࠸ࡲࡍ࡞䣎
ࡑࢇ࡞࡟☜ಙࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿䣎
࠿ࡽ䣍ஒ㣗ࡢ㈔࠺᪋ࡋ≀ࡣஒ࠺ࡲ࠸䣎ࡈ୺ྩࡣࡑ࡞ࡓࡢ⏥ැࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࢃࡀ
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡑࡢ㆙࿌ࡣࡶ䣬࡜ࡶࡔ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡣࡇࡇ࡛࿨௧ࢆ୚࠼࡚ࡁࡓࡢࡔ
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ
ࡿᗘࡈ࡜࡟䣍ࡑ࡞ࡓࡣࡑࡢ࿨௧ࢆᐇ⾜ࡍࡿࡀࡼ࠸䣎ࡔࡀ䣍୺ྩ࡟௙࠼ࡘࡘ䣍
ࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ḞⅬࡀ࠶ࡽࢃ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎⮬ಙࡢ࡞ࡉ࡜Ỵ᩿ຊ୙㊊࡛ࡍ䣎ࡋ
ᙉẼ࡛ྩ୺ࡢᆅ఩࡟ࡲ࡛ࡢࡋୖࡀ䣬࡚ࡁࡓ⪅ࡶ䣍࠸䣬ࡓࢇே㛫㛵ಀࡀࡇࡌ
㌟ࡀ㕲࡛࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠾ᛮ࠸ࡔࡀ䣍ࡈ୺ྩࡀ≬ಙⓗ࡞ಙᛕ࡟㥑ࡾ❧࡚ࡽࢀ
࠿ࡋ䣍᫬ࡀࡓ䣬࡚䣍୙࿴࡟㝗䣬ࡓㅖᅜ࡟ⵗ࠿ࢀࡓ✀ࡀⱆࢆฟࡋ䣍ΰ஘࡜ㅛ
ࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࡜䣍ㄡ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡶ᛼࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺䣎ࡈ୺ྩࡣࢃࡓࡋࡢ
࠸࠸࠼㸟 ᨭ㓄⪅࡜࡞䣬࡚ᅜ⋤㝎ୗ࡟ࡣ䣍᭱Ⰻࡢ⋤࡞ࡽච
཯䣍࠸ࡸᡓ࡜࡞䣬࡚ࡣࡧࡇࡾ䣍⾑ᰁࡵࡢ┿䣬㉥࡞ⰼࢆ࡯ࡇࢁࡤࡏࡿࡼ࠺࡟
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ
䢣
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ᅜ⋤ࡀࢃࡓࡋࢆ┤ࡕ࡟࿧ࡧᡠࡉࢀࡲࡍ䣎
࡟⾜ࡃࡢࡔ䣎ࡑࡇࡣࡲࡔࢻ࢖ࢶ㡿ࡔࡀ䣍࢖ࢱࣜ࢔࡬ࡢ㏵୰࡟࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡞䣎
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ
䢣
ࡃ⣒ࢆ⣳࠸࡛䣍ࡘ࠸࡟ࡣ୍␒⧄⣽࡞࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ษࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺䣎ࢡࣇࢩ䣻ࢱ࢖
ሙ䥺
ࡶࡍࡿẼࡶࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡏࢇ䣎
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡑࢀࡣ࡜ࢇ࡜ࢃࡓࡋࡢᏑࡐࡠࡇ࡜䣎᪑⾜࡞࡝ࢃࡓࡋ࡟ࡣࡍࡿᬤ
ࣥ࡟⾜䣬࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡇ࠺䣍⊒ୗ䣎
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ
64
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡓࡔ௒䣍♩ᣏᇽ࡟⾜࠿ࢀࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࡍࡀ䣍ᡠࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓࡽ䣍ࡈ
238
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ
‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
ࡳྜ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎䥹࣐ࣥࢺࡢ࣏ࢣ䣹ࢺ࠿ࡽᩘ㏻ࡢ᭩≧ࢆྲྀࡾฟࡋ࡚䥺ࣟ䤀࣐
⢭⚄ࡢᙉࡉࢆせồࡋ࡚࠾ࡁ࡞ࡀࡽ䣍ࢃࡓࡋ⮬㌟ࡢ⬚୰࡟␲ၥࡀ࠸ࡃࡘࡶ⤡
䥹ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ䣍ᇽࠎ࡜ࡋࡓ㊊ྲྀࡾ࡛ᐁᡣᐊ࡬ධ䣬࡚ࡺࡃ䥺
࡜ࢫ࣌࢖ࣥ䣍ࡑࢀ࡟ࢻ࢖ࢶࡢ࢝ࢺࣜ䣹ࢡഃࡢᅜࠎ࠿ࡽ඲ᶒࢆ୚࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸
㏆ౝ 䥹ᣍࡌධࢀࡿືసࢆࡋ࡚䥺⊒ୗ䣎
㝎ୗ࠿ࡽ䣍㉧ࡏ࡜ࡢ࠾ゝ࡙ࡅ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡁࢃࡵ࡚㔜せ࡞ሗࡏࡀࣉࣛࣁ࠿ࡽᒆ࠸
ࡿ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡀぢࡏ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࠿ࡶ▱ࢀ࡞࠸ᝏࡋࡁᡭᮏࡶ䣍⚄ࡢᰤ
ᚑ൅ࡢ࠺ࡋࢁ࡟ࡘࡃࡢࡣ័ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࣉࣛࣁࡢ࡯࠺ࡣ࡝
ග࡜ᩍ఍ࡢ຾฼࡜࠸࠺┠ⓗࡀ࠶ࢀࡤ⚄⪷໬ࡉࢀࡿ䣎䥹ࣅࣞ䣹ࢱࢆ⬺ࡄ䥺࢔
ࡓ䣍௙஦ࡀ῭ࢇࡔࡽ࠾┦ᡭࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡢࡇ࡜࡛ࡍ䣎
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ
ࡦࡘ
ࣁࣈࢆ୺࡞ࡿ⚄ࡢ㤋࡛ẅࡋࡓ࡜ࡁ䣍࠶ࡢ㧗ൔࡶࡇࢇ࡞Ẽᣢࡕࡔ䣬ࡓࡢࡔࢁ
࠺ 䣎ᙼࡀዎ⣙ࡢᷬ ࡢ๓࡟㌟ࢆఅࡏࡓࡼ࠺࡟䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡶ௒ࡇࡇ࡛ࡦࡊࡲ
ࡎ࠸࡚⚄ࡢྜᅗ࡜࠾ኌࢆୗࡉ࠸࡜㢪࠸ࡓ࠸ࡶࡢࡔ䣎
63
࠺ࡔ䣍࡜ࡃ࡟ⓚᖇࡣ䣎
㏆ౝ 㝎ୗࡣࡍ࡛࡟ఱᗘࡶⓎస࡟ぢ⯙ࢃࢀ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡍࡀ䣍ࡇࡢᗘࡣࡇࢀࡲ
௒ࡢ࡜ࡇࢁࡣ䣎
࡛࡟࡞ࡃ⃭ࡋࡃ䣍࿨ࢆ⬣࠿ࡍ࡯࡝ࡔ࡜Ẽ㐵ࢃࢀࡲࡋࡓ䣎࡛ࡍࡀ䣍࡝࠺࡟࠿
䢣
ぢ㎸ࡳࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡢࡇ࡜
62
ࡶ࠺୍ᗘ䣍఑∗ୖ࡟࠾఍࠸ࡋ࡚ࡇࡢ᭩≧ࢆ┠ࡢ๓࡟ᕪࡋฟࡑ࠺䣎࡝ࢀࡶ
䥹㏆ౝ䣍ୗࡀࡿ䥺
ୗࡣࡈ⮬㌟ࡢᏲࡾᡭ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀ䣍ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢ၏୍ࡢᏲㆤ⪅ࡔ䣎
ࡿ࠿䣎
ࡉࢆ⦡䣬࡚ࡃࢀࡿ䣎䥹ᚋᬒࡢᡬࢆ㛤࠸࡚䥺ࢨ࢖ࣇࣜ䤀ࢺ䣍⏝ពࡣ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸
ᚰࡢࡄࡽࡘࡁࡸࡍ࠸࠾࠿ࡓࡔ࠿ࡽ䣎᪥ࡀኚࢃࢀࡤᚰࡶኚࢃࡿࡀ䣍័ࢀࡣᙅ
ࡇࢀࡶⓙࡢᖹᏳ࡜࡞ࡿࡶࡢࢆせồࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔ䣎ࡔࡀࡑࢀ࠿ࡽ஦ࡣ㎿㏿࡟䣎
࠸ࡊ䣍ᐇ⾜ࡍࡿ᫬ࡀゼࢀࡓ䣎ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇᖇࡀ࠾㞃ࢀ࡟࡞ࢀࡤ䣍ࡑࢀࡶࡈࡃ
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࢃࡓࡋࡶ࠾♳ࡾࡋࡼ࠺䣎㝎ୗࡣࢃࢀࡽࡢᕼᮃࡔ࠿ࡽ䣎㝎
239
࠶ࡢỴ᩿ຊࡢ࡞ࡉࡺ࠼࡟䣍ࡧࡃࡧࡃࡓࡵࡽࢃࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀಸቑࡍࡿ䣎ᖇᅜࡢ
㏆ࠎࡢࡇ࡜ࡔࢁ࠺ࡀ䣍ࡑࡋ࡚࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ࡝ࡢࡀࢻ࢖ࢶ⋤ࡢ㊧ࢆく࠼ࡤ䣍
ࢨ ࢖ࣇࣜ 䤀 ࢺ
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ
ࢨ࢖ࣇࣜ䤀ࢺ࣭ࣈࣟ࢖ࢼ䤀 䥹ධ䣬࡚ࡁ࡚䥺࡜࠺࡟࡛ࡁ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎
ㅖ౳ࡣࡓ࠸࡚࠸␗➃ࡔࡀ䣍␗➃ࡢࢨࢡࢭࣥ䣍ࣈࣛࣥࢹࣥࣈࣝࢡ䣍ᝏ㎥࡞ࣉ
ࡾࡲࡍ䣎
䣴ࣝࢶ࡟ࡣᐶᐜ࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜࡜ᑡࡋᚸ⪏ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᩍ࠼࡚ࡸࢁ࠺䣎ࡔࡀ䣍⚄
ࡉ࠶䣍࠸ࡼ࠸ࡼṇᛕሙࡔ䣎ࡲࡎ䣍㌴ࢆ⏝ពࡋࢁ䣎
ࢡ ࣞ 䤀 ࢮ ࣝ ࡉ ࡲ ࢆ ஌ ࡏ ࡚ ࡁ ࡓ 㤿 ㌴ ࡀ ࡲ ࡔ ୰ ᗞ ࡟ ೵ ࡲ 䣬࡚ ࠾
ࡉ࠼ࡶ䣍⚄ࡢ࠾ゝⴥࡉ࠼ࡶศ⿣ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓࡇࡢศ⿣࡟ࡣ⤊ࢃࡾࡀぢ࠼࡞
࠾Ⅽࡈ࠿ࡋ࡜ࡁࡓࡽ䣍ࡓ࠸࡚࠸ࡣ㝜ㅛࢆࡵࡄࡽࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡟䣍↓㦵࡞㢼ࢆ
௒ࡣఱࢆᥐ࠸࡚ࡶ࠶ࡢᆓ୺ࢆ∦࡙ࡅ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸䣎࠶࠸ࡘࡢࡦ࡝࠸
ࡀ㔜せࡔ࠿ࡽ䣎ᡠ䣬࡚᮶ࡿ䣎ᐙ᮶ࡢᵝᏊࢆぢ࡟⾜ࡅ䣎
⮬ศࡢᐙ࡬ᖐࡽࡏ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸䣎࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡶ䣍ఱࡣࡉ࡚࠾ࡁ࠶࠸ࡘࡢ᭩㢮
ࡀゝ䣬ࡓࡽ䣍ᛴ࠸࡛ࢡࣇࢩ䣻ࢱ࢖ࣥ࡬㐃ࢀ࡚⾜ࡅ䣎Ẽࢆࡘࡅࢁ䣍࠶࠸ࡘࢆ
⿦࠺࠿ࡽ䣍ㄔᐇ࡜ゝࢃࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺䣎ᩥ᭩ࡶヰࡶ⾜ືࡶ䣍࠶࠸ࡘࡣ㌟ࡢࡇ࡞
䥹ࢨ࢖ࣇࣜ䤀ࢺ䣍㏥ሙ䥺
㐺ᙜ࡟ゝ࠸ࡘࡃࢁ䣬࡚࠶࠸ࡘࢆᘬࡁṆࡵ࡚࠾ࡅ䣎ࡑࡋ࡚䣍௒ࡔ䣍࡜ࢃࡓࡋ
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࡞࠾ࡢࡇ࡜ࡼ࠸䣎ࡇࢀ࠿ࡽ఑∗ୖ࡜ヰࢆࡍࡿࡀ䣍ࡑࡢ㛫䣍
࠸䣎
ࡋࡀ㍍ࡃ䣍ᨭ㓄ᶒࡢゎᾘ࡞࡝ࡶᾴࡋ࠸㢦࡛⨫ྡ࡟ᣢࡕ㎸ࡴࡶࡢࡔ࠿ࡽ䣍ᚲ
䥹ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ䣍ᐁᡣᐊ࠿ࡽฟ࡚ࡃࡿ䥺
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ
せ୙ྍḞ࡞⏨࡟࡞䣬ࡓ䣎
௒ࡸࡽࡡࡤ஧ᗘ࡜࡞࠸䣎ࡇࡇᩘ࠿᭶䣍ዲᶵࡢ฿᮶ࢆᚅ䣬࡚࠸ࡓ䣎௚ே࡟
ࡑࢁࡑࢁ఑∗ୖࡢࡶ࡜࡟⾜䣬࡚ࡶࡼ࠸࠿䣎
఍ࡢ⦾ᰤࡣồࡵ࡚ࡶ䣍ࡈ⮬㌟ࡢ⦾ᰤ࡞࡝ồࡵࡽࢀࡠࡒ䣎
ࡑࢀࢆᏲࡿࡢࡀ⮬⏤ពᚿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࡜࡞࠿ࢁ࠺࡜䣎ᩍ఍ࢆᘓ࡚ࡉࡏ࡚ࡸࢀ࡜䣍
ᙼࡽࡢᅜ⋤ ࡣ௮ࡏ࡛ࡍ䣎
ࡃດࡵࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡑࡋ࡚ࡲࡓ䣍ಙᚰ῝ࡉ࡜฼ᕫᚰ࡜ࡣᛮ࠺࡯࡝࠿ࡅ㞳ࢀࡓ
࠸㎸ࡴࡢࡣᐇ࡟ᐜ࡛᫆ࡋ࡚䣍⚄ࡀᨭ㓄⪅࡜࡞ࡿࡓࡵ࡟䣍ࡑࡢ⪅ࡣᨭ㓄ࡍ࡭
ࡳ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㝈ࡾ࡟࠾࠸࡚࡛ࡍࡀ䣎༝ࡋ࠸ฟࡢࢃࡓࡋࡀ⚄ࡢᦤ⌮࡛䣍ࡩ
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡞ࡽࡤ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡀ䣎ࡓࡔࡋ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡢຓゝࡀ㝎ୗࡢࡈពᛮ࡟⤌
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࡴࡋࢁ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡀ䣍࡜ゝ䣬ࡓࡽ࡝࠺ࡔ䣎
ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎཮᪉ࡢᙇࡾྜ࠸ࡶ᫬࡟ࡣ⦆ࡳ䣍ኳ㧗ࡃ⯙࠺㮖࡜ྠࡌ
ࡘ ࠺ ࡞ ࡽ ฟ ⮬ ࡜ ᜠ ᑋ ࡟ ࡼ 䣬 ࡚ ࡢ ࡳ ୖ ࡀ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡢ࡛ ࡁ ࡿ ఩ 㝵 ࡟ ࡲ ࡛ ᪼ 䣬 ࡓ
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ⚄ࡢᨭ㓄ࢆ㐩ᡂࡉࡏࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠺⪅ࡀ䣍ࢃࡀ㌟ࢆ୺ࡢྑ⭎ࡔ࡜ᛮ
ࡃ䣍ࡑࡢ⪅ࡶᆅୖࡢ⋓≀࡟ࡼ䣬࡚㣴ศࢆᚓࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࣟ䤀࣐ᩍⓚᗇࡢࡇ࡜
ࡢࡶ↓┈࡞ࡇ࡜࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎ᩍ఍ࡢᶒຊ࡟ࡼ䣬࡚䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣᅜ⋤ࡀࡓ
ࡔࡀ䣍
ࡘࡲࡾ䣍
᮶࡚࡯ࡋࡃ࡞࠸ࡀ䣍᮶ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ᮍ᮶ࡢᅜࡢᅜ⋤࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࡜ 䣎
ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣࡧࡃࡧࡃ㟈࠼ࡓࡾࡋࡲࡏࢇ䣎ࡑࢀࡀᅜ⋤࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࡜
䢣
ࡢ࠾ࡑࡤ㏆ࡃ࡟௙࠼ࡿᯡᶵཀࡢᆅ఩࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ 䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡣே㛫࡟
䢣
ศ࠿䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡒ䣍ゝ࠸ࡓ࠸ࡢࡣᨻ἞ࡢ㥑ࡅᘬࡁࡔࢁ࠺䣎
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢヰ࡜ࡁࡓࡽ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼࡟ࡶࢃࡓࡋ࡟ࡶ┦ᛂࡋࡃ࡞
䢣
࡛ࡍࡽࡇ࠺ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡒ䣎
59
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ఱ⪅ࡶ㟈࠼࡚ࡣ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎ࢃࡅ࡚ࡶ⩏ࡢ࠶ࡿ㈼᫂࡞⪅ࡣ䣎
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢࡶࡢ࡜ࡣ࡝࠺࠸࠺ព࿡࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡣࢃࡀẊࡢ
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ 䥹ᐁᡣᐊࡢᡬ࡟ྥ࠿䣬࡚⾜ࡁ䥺ࡇࡇ࡛Ỵ᩿ࢆୗࡍࡢࡣࡓ
ࡔ࠾ࡦ࡜࠿ࡓࡢࡳࡔ䣎
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ 䥹ྠࡌືసࢆࡋ࡚䥺ࢃࡓࡋࡀ௵࿨ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎
ࡍࡀ䣍ᶒຊࡀேࡢពᛮࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡲ࡜ࡲࡽ࡞࠸࡞ࡽࡤ䣍㈐௵ࡣㄡࡀ㈇࠺ࡢ࡛
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࡔࡀࢃࡓࡋࡣ࿧ࡤࢀࡓ䣎⪷᭩ⓗ࡞ព࿡࡛࿧ࡤࢀࡓ䣎ࡑࡋ
࡚
㑅ࡤࢀࡓ䣍࣑࣎࣊࢔ࡢ䣍ᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶᑗ᮶ࡢ⋤࡟䣎
ᅜ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣศ⿣ࢆຓ㛗ࡍࡿ⪅࡛ࡍ䣎ສチ≧ࢆᛅᐇ࡟㞃ࡋ❧࡚ࡏࡎ࡟ᐇ⌧
䥹㏆ౝ䣍ᐁᡣᐊࡢᡬ࠿ࡽ⌧ࢀࡿ䥺
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡀࡇࡇ࡛࠾ᚅࡕࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ఏ࠼ࡼ䣎ᛴࡆ䣎
䥹㏆ౝ䣍ᐁᡣᐊࡢ୰࡟ධࡿ䥺
ࡾ䣯࠺ࡅ࠸ࡋࡁ ࢁ ࢇ ࡣ
఍ࢆᘓ࡚ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᮃࢇ࡛࠾ࡾ䣍ᙼࡽࡣࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇᖇࡢສチ≧࡟ࡼ䣬࡚ṇᙜ
䥹㏆ౝ䣍ᡠ䣬࡚᮶ࡿ䥺
ᛶࡀ௒࡞࠾ࡍ䣬࠿ࡾࡇ࠸ࡘࡢ࠿ࡽࡔ࡟ࡣᰁࡳࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࡿ࡞䣎
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ 䥹⬥࡟ᘬ࠸࡚䥺ᡂࡾୖࡀࡾ⪅ࡢഫ៏ࡶΰࡌ࠼࡚䣍ⓒጣ᰿
࡜࠸࠺ࡢ࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤ䣍ㅮ࿴ࡣᚲせ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡑࢀ࡛ࡶㅮ࿴ࡣㅮ࿴࡟ࡍࡂࡲࡏࢇ䣍
࡯࠺ࡀㆡṌࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡋ࠿ࡋ䣍┦ᡭࡀ᏶඲࡟⤯⁛ࡍࡿࡲ࡛Ṋຊࢆ᥹࠾࠺
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ㅮ࿴࡞࡝࡝ࢀࢆ࡜䣬࡚ࡳ࡚ࡶ⤖ᒁ䣍ᙉ࠸ࡽࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ᙅ࠸
ᙉ࠸ࡽࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ䣍ສチ≧ࡣ↓࡟➼ࡋ࠸䣎
䥹ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ䣍ᇽࠎ࡜ࡋࡓ㊊ྲྀࡾ࡛⾜䣬ࡓࡾ᮶ࡓࡾࡍࡿ䥺
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ
໬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀ䣍ጉᐖࡉࢀ䣍௙஦ࡣ୰᩿ࡉࡏࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎
ࡓࡀࡓ࠿ࡽฟࡉࢀࡓᣦ♧࡜ࡦࡑ࠿࡟⾪✺ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎 ୧ ᙧ Ⰽ ㄽὴࡣᩍ
ࡍࡿពᛮࡢ࠶ࡿ࣑࣎࣊࢔࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡍࡽ䣍㝎ୗࡢᣦ♧ࡀ࠸ࡕ࠸ࡕ䣍㏆ぶࡢ࠿
䢣
ࡋ䣯࠺࠿䣎ࡑࢀࡣ䣍㞃ᐦ⿬࡟ᐑᘐࡑࡢࡶࡢࡢ୰࡛ඪὴࢆ⤖ᡂࡋ䣍ࡲࡓ䣍ㅖ
ࡋ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍ࡍ࡭࡚࡛ࡍ䣎ẊࡣỴ᩿ຊࡢ࠶ࡿ࠿ࡓ࡛䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡶࡑ࠺࡛ࡍ䣎࡛
ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎Ẋࡣࢃࡓࡋ࡟࡜䣬࡚ࢃࢀࢃࢀ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍࠶࡞ࡓࡀࡓ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍ࢃࡓ
ࡑࡢ᫬࡟ࡣࡇࡢࢃࡓࡋ࡟㟈࠼ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ࠿ࡶ▱ࢀࢇ࡞䣎
61
࠸ࡀ
┿๢࡞ၥ㢟ࡍ࡭࡚࡟ࢃࡓ䣬࡚ᚲせ࡞ࡶࡢࡀࡦ࡜ࡘ࠶ࡿ䣎Ỵ᩿ࡔ䣎࠾ࡲ࠼ࡀ
ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢࡶࡢ࡟࡞ࡿ࠿ྰ࠿ࡔ䣎
60
240
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ఏ࠼ࡓ࠿䣎
‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
䢣
࠶ࡿ୺ࡢチ࡟ୖ䣬࡚ࡺ࠿࡞࠸▱ᜨ࡞࡝࿚ࢃࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠼䣎
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࠸࠿࡞ࡿ▱ᜨ࡛࠶ࢀ䣍⏕ࡅࡿࡶࡢࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ၏୍ࡢ᰿※࡛
ࡔࡀ㛗࠸㛫ᚅᮃࡋࡓ┠ᶆ࡟฿㐩ࡋ䣍୺
ࡿΰ஘࠿ࡽࡢฟཱྀࡣぢฟࡏࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡔ䣬ࡓ䣎ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣྠពࡋࡓ
䢣
ࡑࢀ࡟ᚑ൅ࡢḧồࡶ㙠ࡲ䣬࡚ࡋࡲ࠼ࡤ䣍ࡣࡸ䣍᳃ࡢ୰ࢆྠ
ࡑ࠺ࡍ࡭ࡁ࡛ࡣ࡞࠿䣬ࡓࡢࡔ䣎
䢣
ேࡢḧồࡀ
ࡤࡶࡣࡸἨ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ䣍ࡇࡢୡࡢὶࢀ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ Ἠࡣୖ࠿ࡽὶࢀ࡚᮶ࡿࡶࡢ䣍㏫ὶࡣࡋࡲࡏࢇ䣎Ἠࡶග࡟ᙜࡓࢀ
ࡌࡼ࠺࡟㋃ࡳ㏞࠸䣍ື࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡔࡅ࡛๓㐍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮ䣬࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ጞᮎࡔ䣎
ࣇ 䣷 ࣝ ࢹ 䣵 ࢼࣥ ࢺ
㐃୰ ࡢᩍ ㄝࢆ ᧦ㆤࡍࡿ ࡓࡵ࡟௵ ࿨ࡉࢀࡓ㧗఩ ⪷⫋⪅࡜
ࡣ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢࡇ࡜࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿䣎ࡑ࠺ࡔ䣍஦ᐇ䣍᧦ㆤࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜䣍▱䣬࡚࠸
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡑࢀࡣ࠾⪃࠼㐪࠸࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎ࡋ䣬࠿ࡾィ⏬ࢆ❧࡚࡚ࡇࡑ䣍
඲యࢆᨭ㓄࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍୍Ṍ୍ṌṌ࠸࡚ࡺࡅࡤ╔ᐇ࡟┠ᶆ࡟㏆࡙ࡃࡢ
ࡿࡒ䣍ᩍ఍ࡢ㈈ᐆ࡜ᆅ఩࡜ኌᮃࡀ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼࡟࡜䣬࡚ࡲࡔດຊࡍࡿ್ᡴࡕࡢ
ࡢᐆࡤ࠿ࡾ࠿⌧ୡࡢ㈈ᐆࡀ࠺ࡎࡓ࠿ࡃ✚ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡑ࠺࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿䣎
࠶ࡿሗ㓘ࡔ࡜ᛮ࠼࡚࠸ࡓ㛫ࡣ࡞䣎ࡔࡀ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢ࠸ࡃࡘࡶࡢⶶ࡟ࡣ䣍ಙ௮
࡛ࡍ䣎
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࡔࡀࡑࡢ┠ᶆࡇࡑࡀለⴠࡔ࡜ゝ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔ䣎ㄪ೵ࡍࡿ
࡜ࡣ䣍ఱ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡶ࡝࠺࡛ࡶࡼࡃࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡔ䣎ே㛫ࡓࡿࡶࡢ࡜⚄࡜
䢣
ࢆΰྠࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿䣎࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢ୺ேࡀ
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ഛ࠼ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎᫬௦ࡀ࢞ࣛ䣹࡜ኚࢃࡾࡲࡍ࠿ࡽ䣎
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࢃࡓࡋࡔࡅࡢ࡛ࡍ࠿䣎
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࢃࡓࡋࡢ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ䣎ࡔࡀ㊥㞳ࢆసࡿࡢࡣ䣍࠾ࡑࡽࡃ㏆࠸
ࡶ䣍ࢃࢀࢃࢀ࡜ྜពࡋ䣍ྠᵝ࡟ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢᖹࡽ࠿࡞㐨࡟ྜពࡋࡓㅖໃຊ࡛
࡟ࡣಶูࡢࡶࡢ࡞࡝࡞ࡃ䣍ࡍ࡭࡚ࡀ୍ᮏࡢ㙐࡟ࡪࡽୗࡀ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡑ࠺࡜
⪅ྠኈࡔ䣎࠾ࡲ࠼࡟ゝ࠼ࡿ࠿䣍䣓㝎ୗࡣ䣍⋤ෙࡀᕼᮃࡢᅜ࡟࠶ࡿ㛫ࡣ䣍࡯
ࡉ࠼䣍⤖᮰ࡢ⏑ࡉ࡟୙ᛌࢆឤࡌ࡚᧔㏥ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺䣎ࢃࢀࢃࢀ࡟ṧࡉࢀࡓࡢ
࡜ࢇ࡝ᡭ⥘ࢆᘬࡅࡠ࡯࡝䣍࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ᢚ࠼ࡁࢀࡠ࡯࡝⃭ࡋ࠸⾜ື࡬ࡢḧồࡀ
ࡣ䣍ࢫ࣌࢖ࣥ࡜ࣟ䤀࣐ᩍⓚ࡜ᩗ⹥࡞ࡿࣂ࢖࢚ࣝࣥࡔࡅ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ⚾ே࡜ࡋ࡚࡞ࡽࡑࢀ࡛Ᏻᚰࡍࡿࡀࡼ࠿ࢁ࠺䣎ࡔࡀ䣍ᅜᐙ
࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡀ䣍௒ࡣණࡢ௦ࢃࡾ࡟⋤ෙࢆ࠿ࡪࡾ䣍๢࡟௦࠼࡚⋤➖ࢆᡭ࡟ᥱ
ࡢ─䣍⚄ࢆෑ℔ࡋ䣍ለⴠ࡟୚ࡍࡿ─ࡢ࡯࠺࡟ࡔ䣎࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜ࢔ࡢ༙ศࡀ࠸
࠼ࡢᡭ࡟ṧ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ㔜ࡾࢆ⛗ࡢ୍᪉ࡢ─࡟ࡤ࠿ࡾ஌ࡏࡿ䣎ࡑࢀࡶᝏ࠸࡯࠺
ࣝࣇᖇࡣ୧㝕Ⴀࡢᆒ⾮ࢆಖࡘ⛗ࡔ䣬ࡓ࠿ࡽࡔ䣎ࡔࡀ࠾ࡲ࠼࡜ࡁࡓࡽ䣍࠾ࡲ
ࡾࡲࡍ䣎䣔ࡑ࠺ゝ䣬࡚ࡳࢁ䣎࠸ࡸ䣍࡞࠾ᝏࡃ࡞䣬ࡓ䣎࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡶ䣍ࣝ䤀ࢻ
ࡾ䣍ᛰ᝼࡞⣸ࡢᯖࡢୖ࡛╀ࡾ㎸ࢇ࡛ࡣ䣍ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇᖇࡢᚚୡࢆ⏛ࡽࡏ࡚࠾
ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ䣍ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣࡑࢀࢆᮃࢇ࡛࠸ࡲࡍ䣎ࡑࡋ࡚᭱ᚋ࡟ࣂ࢖࢚ࣝࣥ䣎㑧
࡚ࡃࢀࡿ⨶㔪┙࡛ࡍ䣎ᕹࢆᙇࡾ䣍࢜䤀ࣝࢆ౑࠺ࡇ࡜ࡔࡅࡣࢃࢀࢃࢀ࡟௵ࡉ
ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࣟ䤀࣐ᩍⓚࡣ䣍ṇ☜࡞㔪࡟ࡼ䣬࡚ࡣࡿ࠿࡞ࡿ໭ᴟᫍࡢ᪉ゅࢆ♧ࡋ
࡛ࡍ䣎ࢫ࣌࢖ࣥࡣࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢ᥼ຓ࡜⾑ࢆ౑䣬࡚࢜ࣛࣥࢲࢆྲྀࢁ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠾
ࡢ䣎཭࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡶ䣍ࢃࡓࡃࡋࡵࡢ཭࡛࠶ࡿ௨ୖ࡟䣍ࡑࡢே⮬㌟ࡢ཭࡞ࡢ
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡑ࠺࠸࠺࠾ヰ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ࡞䣎ㄡࡋࡶࡲࡎ➨୍࡟ࢃࡀ㌟ࢆ᱌ࡎࡿࡶ
ࡲࡔ࡟ࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿䣎࡝ࡢᙺ⫋ࡶ␗➃⪅࡟༨ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡛
ᚰ࡞ࡁᩗ⹥࡞Ẋୗ࡟ࡣ䣍ࣂ࢖࢚ࣝࣥࡀఱࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚ດຊࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࠾ศ࠿
࡟ᩍ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎
ᖇෙ࡟ྥ࠿࠺ࣂ࢖࢚ࣝࣥࡢ⾜ࡃᡭࢆ㐽ࡿࡶࡢࡣఱࡶ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎
ࡾ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇ࠿䣎࠸䣬ࡓࢇ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜ࢔ࡀΰ஘ࡋ࡚ᙅయ໬ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠼ࡤ䣍
ࡣ࡞࠸࠿䣎࠾ࡲ࠼ࡀᏛ㛗ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ኱Ꮫ ࡟ࡣཌ࠿ࡲࡋ࠸ᩍ఍ྰᐃㄽ⪅ࡢ
ኌࡀ㡪ࡁࢃࡓ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎
58
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣᏛၥ࡟ࡣ▱ᜨࢆồࡵࡲࡍࡀ䣍ಙ௮ࡣಙ௮ᚰ⠜࠸ᑟᖌ
241
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࣂ࢖࢚ࣝࣥ౳ࡣ⚄ࢆ⏽ᛧࡍࡿ࠾ᚰࢆᣢ䣬࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡿ䣎ᩍ
┠ࡢୗ࡟⏫ࡀ䣎㐨ࡔ䣍ᗈሙࡔ䣍ே࡛⁄ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎
➨஬ᖥ
࢘䣵䤀ࣥ䣍ⓚᖇࡢᒃᇛࡢᗈ㛫䣎
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࡀ❧䣬࡚ᚅࡕཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜䣍ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ኱බࡀධ䣬࡚ࡃࡿ䣎
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ
఑∗ୖ࡟ᣏㅜࡍࡿࡇ࡜䣍ࡼ࠺ࡸࡃ࠾チࡋࡀฟࡓ࠿䣎ヰࡋ
ྜࢃ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢࡔ䣎
ࡽࡤ䣍ẖ᪥䣍ẖ᫬䣍ᅜ⋤㝎ୗ࡟࠾఍࠸࡟࡞ࢀࡲࡍ䣎
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ Ẋୗ࡟ࡣ࠸ࡘ࠸࠿࡞ࡿ᫬ࡶᡬࡣ㛤࠿ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎࠾ᮃࡳ࡜࠶
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࡞ࡿ࡯࡝ᐑ୰࡟ேࡀ⁄ࢀࡿ㉃༤ࡸ⯙㋃఍ࡢ᫬࡟ࡣ࡞䣎ᐁ
ᡣᐊ࡛ࡶᵓࢃࢇࡢࡔࢁ࠺䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢ❧఍࠸ࡢࡶ࡜࡛࡞ࡽ䣎
ࡘ࠸ඛࡔ䣬࡚ࡼ࠺ࡸࡃ㝎ୗ࡜ࡩࡓࡾࡁࡾ࡛఍䣬ࡓࡀ䣍㝎
࡞࠸࠿䣎࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢ࡞ࡽྰᐃࡋ࡚ࡳࢁ䣎
ࡑࡇ࡟㞃ࢀ࡚䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡓࡕࡢヰࢆ❧ࡕ⪺ࡁࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ䣎࠾ࡲ࠼ࡔ䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ
ୗࡀ㞃ࡋᡬ࡟ᢞࡆ࠿ࡅ࡚࠸ࡓẼࡶࡑࡒࢁ࡞ど⥺࠿ࡽ᥎ࡋ㔞ࡿ࡟䣍ఱ⪅࠿ࡀ
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ
ࡤ⾜ࡁࡲࡍࡋ䣍ṧࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᚲせࡔ࡜࠾⪃࠼ྊࡉࢀࢀࡤṧࡾࡲࡍ䣎
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ 㝎ୗࡣ୺ྩ࡛䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣᚑ൅࡟ࡍࡂࡲࡏࢇ䣎⾜ࡅ࡜࿨ࡌࡽࢀࢀ
ᮃࢇ
‒
ࢃࡀᚰࡣ㟷᫓᫬௦࡟㏞࠸㎸ࢇ࡛ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡀ⫱䣬ࡓࢫ࣌࢖ࣥࢆ㞳
ࢀ࡚䣍ࢻ࢖ࢶࡢᾏ㎶ࡀ࠾ࡰࢁࡆ࡟Ỉᖹ⥺ୖ࡟ᾋ࠿ࢇ࡛ࡁࡓ࡜࿌ࡆࡽࢀࡓ᫬䣍
䢣
࡬ࡾ
ࡑࡇ࡟ⅉ
ᅜ ࡀỌ 㐲 ࡞ࡿࡶ ࡢࡢ⦕
⏥ᯈ࡟㥑ࡅୖࡀࡾ䣍୧⭎ࢆᗈࡆ࡚ྉࢇࡔ䣎♽ᅜࡼ䣍࠸࡜ࡋ࠸♽ᅜࡼ䣎
䢣
䢣
ࢫ࣌࢖ࣥ࠿ࡽ䣍ࡲ
ࡇࡇࡣᬯ࠸ࡢ࠿䣎
ࡑ ࠺ ゝ ࠺ ࡜ ♽ඛ ࡀ ࠾ࢃ ࡍ ᅜ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺࡟ ᛮ࠼ ࡿ ࡞
䢣
࠿ࡽᾋ࠿ࡧୖࡀ䣬࡚ࡃࡿ࠿ࡢࡼ࠺ࡔ䣎
䢣
ࡾࡀぢ࠼ࡿ࡞䣎⩼ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࢃࡓࡋࢆໟࢇ࡛ࡃࢀࡿ䣎
䢣
䥹ỿࡴࡼ࠺࡟ᗙࡾ㎸ࡴ䥺
ࡶࡣࡸࢻ࢖ࢶࡢᅜ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣍ࡑ࠺࡜ࡶ䣍ኳୖࡢᅜࡔ䣎
ࢃࡓࡋࡣᮃࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ䣎
䢣
ࡇ࡜࡟ཝࡋ࠸つᚊࡢୡ⏺࠿ࡽࢃࡓࡋࡣࡸ䣬࡚᮶࡚䣍࠾ࡲ࠼࡟ྥ࠿䣬࡚ᛴ࠸
䢣
࡛ ࡺࡃ
䢣
࡛ࡃࢀࡿ࠿䣎
ࣝࣥࣉ ་⪅ࢆ࠾࿧ࡧࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎ࡼࡃࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ⓨస࡟ぢ⯙ࢃࢀࡲࡍ䣎⬦ࡀ
Ṇࡲ䣬ࡓ䣎་⪅ࢆ䣎࠾ຓࡅࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣍㏿ࡃ䣎㝎ୗࢆ࠶ࡕࡽࡢ㒊ᒇࡢ࣋䣹ࢻ
࡟࠾㐠ࡧࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎ᬑẁࡼࡾᝏ࠸ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ࡣ⪃࠼ࡓࡃ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎
ゝ࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ⪺ࡃࡢࡶ᭹ᚑࡢ࠺ࡕ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽ࡞䣎
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆࡋࡓ࡜ࡍࢀࡤ䣍࿨௧࡟ࡼ䣬࡚ࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ேࡢ
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ 䥹㞳ࢀ࡚ࡺࡁ࡞ࡀࡽ䥺ࡇࢀ௨ୖᝏ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡣ㉳ࡇࡽ࡞࠸䣎㝎ୗࡣ
᭱ᝏࡢࡇ࡜ࢆࡇ࠺ࡴࡽࢀࡓ䣎ⓚᖇࡣஸࡃ࡞ࡽࢀࡓࡢࡔ䣍࠾࠿ࡽࡔࡀᅇ᚟ࡉ
ࣝࣥࣉ ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡽ䣬ࡋ䣭࠸ࡲࡍ䣎⬦ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࡑ䣬࡜ゐ䣬࡚ࡳ࡚ୗࡉ࠸䣎
࡞࠸࠿䣎࠾࠿ࡆ࡛௒࡞࠾ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡋ䣭࡭䣬࡚࠸ࡿ࠺ࡕ࡟ࡶ䣍᜝ࡎ࠿ࡋࡉ࡛
ࡲ࠼࡟ྠㄪࡋ䣍ṇࡋ࠸ၿ࡞ࡿ୺ே࡛࠶ࡿⓚᖇ࡟㏫ࡽ࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ 䥹ⓚᖇࡢチ࡟ᛴ࠸࡛ࡺࡁ䣍᳔Ꮚࡢഐ࡟ࡦࡊࡲࡎ࠸࡚䥺Ẽ㧗ࡃ䣍
ࢆࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣࡶࡣࡸࡇࢀ௨ୖᡃ៏ࡋ࡞࠸䣎ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࡓࡵ࡟䣍ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣ࠾
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࡔࡀ䣍ࡼࡑ⪅ࡀ๭ࡾ㎸ࢇ࡛䣍ࢃࡀ୍㛛ࡢ⤖᮰ࢆ஘ࡍࡇ࡜
ࢀࡼ࠺࡜䣎
ࡶၿ࡟㌿ࡌࡿࡼ࠺䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࢆ⚃⚟ࡋࡼ࠺䣎
࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽ䣍ࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺ࡟ࡓࡽࡋ㎸ࡲࢀࡓ⏫ࡼ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢ࡞ࡋࡓᝏ஦
྾࠺ࡓࡧ࡟྾࠸ᡠࡋ䣍ࡍ࡭࡚ࡢே࡟௦ࢃ䣬୍࡚㌟࡟③ࡳࢆᢸ䣬࡚ࡸࡾࡓ࠸䣎
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࿚䣬ࡓ࠿䣎௒࡛ࡣ᜼ࡸࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ䣎㍍⋡࡟㣕ࡧฟࡋࡓゝⴥࢆ୍ᜥ
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ึࡵࡣᛣࡾࢆࡇࡵ࡚࿚ࢃࢀࡲࡋࡓࡀ䣎
242
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ
ᩗ⹥࡟ࡋ࡚䣍ᰂ࿴࡞ࡿẊࡼ䣎
ࡋࡓ㊊ྲྀࡾ࡜☜࠿࡞║ຊ࡟ࡼ䣬࡚ࡢࡳ䣍᫬௦ࡀ㏞㊰ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㋃ࡳ㏞䣬࡚࠸
㢠ࡲ࡛㉥ࡃ࡞䣬࡚ࡋࡲ࠺䣎ࡘࡲࡾ䣍ᖇᅜ࡟ࡣ㤳㛗ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍ࡋ䣬࠿ࡾ
䥹ᖥࡀ㝆ࡾࡿ䥺
‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
䢣
ఱ⪅ࡔ䣍
௒ࡸᖹ࿴ࡶ࠾ࡲ࠼࡜࡜
࡛ᫍࡣ࡞࠸䣍⚄ࡢࡳࡔ䣎
௦ࢆಙࡌ䣍ಙ௮ࡢ࠺ࡕ࡟Ṛࡠ䣎
䢣
ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ᑾຊࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡓ䣍࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ၿⰋ࡜࠸࠺௨ୖ࡟䣎ࡸࡘࡢ㠃ಽࡶぢ࡚
䢣
⇞࠼ࡉ࠿ࡿ⟨ᫍࡼ䣎㟭࡜㟝ࡤ࠿ࡾ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿䣎
ఱ࡜࠸࠺ጁ࡞ࡿ㡢Ⰽࡔ䣎ࡶ䣬࡜ࡶ䣬࡜䣍⥆
ࡸ䣬࡚ࡃࢀ䣎ࡓࡔࡋ䣍⋢ᗙ࡟ᗙࡿ⪅ࡣ⤫἞ࡢ᪝࡛࠶ࡾ䣍◚ࢀ࡚࠸ࡼ࠺࡜᏶
䢣
ࡶ࡟䣍ⓙ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ᖹ࿴ࢆ䣎
࣐䣹ࢡࢫ ዶ᝿ࡀጞࡲ䣬ࡓ࡞䣎
䣎
඲࡞ጼ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࡜䣍᪝ࡣ⏽ࢀᩗࢃࢀ࡚ࡋ࠿ࡿ࡭ࡁࡶࡢࡔ࡜▱ࢀ䣎
䢣
ࡅ࡚ࡃࢀ
࡜ࡾࢃࡅ⚄ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ᡓ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⮬㈇ࡍࡿ᫬ࡣࡑ࠺ࡔ䣎ࡑ࠺࡛࡞࠸᫬ࡶྠ
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡋ䣯࠺䣎㉢࠺࡭ࡁ⨥ࢆΎ⟬ࡋࡓࡽ䣍⾨රࡢࡼ࠺
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡣ⮬ศࡀᙉ࠸࡜ᛮ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡋ䣍஦ᐇࡑ࠺ࡔ䣎
ᵝ࡟ᙉࡃ࠶ࢀ䣎ࡔࡀཝࡋࡃࡣࡍࡿ࡞䣎࠾ࡲ࠼࡟࡜䣬࡚᭱㧗ࡢࡶࡢࡣ䣓ಙᛕ䣔
࡟㝎ୗࡢ࠾ࡑࡤ࡛࠾ㆤࡾࡋࡲࡋ䣯࠺䣎
ࡔࡀ䣍௚ࡢேࠎࡢಙᛕ࡟ࡶᩗពࢆᡶ࠺ࡢࡔ䣎ࡑࢀࡣ⚄࡟⏤᮶ࡍࡿࡶࡢ䣎⚄
ࡣ㏞࠼ࡿ⪅࡟ࡶᩍ࠼ࢆᆶࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡔࢁ࠺䣎እࡢୡ⏺ྠᵝ䣍⚄ࡣே㛫ࡢᚰࡶ
䥹୧኱බ䣍ཤࡿ䥺
ࣝࣥࣉ ࠶࠶䣍ࡇࡢᩗ⹥࡞࠿ࡓࢆ୧Ẋୗࡉࡲ࡟࠾௵ࡏ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍ䣎
᫨࡜ኪ࡟ศࡅࡽࢀࡓ䣎║ࡣ⤯࠼ࡊࡿග࡟ࡣ⪏࠼ࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺䣎ࡑࡇ࡛⚄
ࡣᆅᖹ⥺࡟ᬯ㜌࡜ࡑࡢඃࡋ࠸㟼ࡅࡉࢆᘬࡁୖࡆ⤥࠺䣎ࡍࡿ࡜ឤぬࡀ┠ぬࡵ䣍
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ୍⮴ࡔ䣍⤖᮰ࡏࡼ䣎᪂ࡋ࠸ࡶࡢࡀ㏕䣬࡚ࡃࡿ䣎ᖺᐤࡾࡢୡ௦ࡣ
Ṛ࡟⤯࠼ࡿ䣎⤎ࡀ࡯࡝ࡅࡓࡽ䣍ⓙࡤࡽࡤࡽ࡟࡞ࡿ䣎
ࣝࣥࣉ ࠾ࡩࡓ࠿ࡓࡣ࠾Ⓨࡕ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎
ࡢ஦ែ࡟࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺䣎ே㛫ࡢ▱䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡞࡝䣍᫨ࡢග࡛▱䣬ࡓࡇ࡜ࡤ
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ Ⓨ䣬ࡓࡔ࡜䣎࡞ࡽࡤ࡞࠾ࡢࡇ࡜ࡼ࠸䣎ࡑࢀࡔࡅẼࡀᴦ࡛䣍Ẽศ
ឤ᝟࡜⏑࠸ᡓុࡀ㨦࡟ᾐࡳࢃࡓ䣬࡚ࡺࡃ䣎ࡔࡀኪࡤ࠿ࡾ࡜࡞䣬ࡓࡽ䣍᭱ᝏ
࠿ࡾࡔ䣎
ࡀⰋࡃ࡞䣬ࡓ䣎✵Ẽࢆ྾ࢃࡏࢁ䣎❆㎶࡟⾜ࡁࡓ࠸䣎
࠸࠺ࡶࡢ䣍⚄ࡣ୓≀࡟⢭㏻ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ▱ࡽࡋࡵ䣍᳃⨶୓㇟ࡢኌࢆᅽಽ
ࡓࡿኌࡀ⪺ࡇ࠼ࡓ䣎ࡇࢀࡀ⚄ࡔ䣍⚄ࡢᨭ㓄ࡍࡿἲ๎ࡣỌ㐲ࡔ䣎ࡑࢀ࠿ࡽ࡜
ࡕࢆぢୖࡆ䣍ࡑࡢᜏ࡞ࡿᅇᖐࢆほᐹࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜䣍ᙼࡽࡢ⬚ࡢ࠺ࡕ࡟㡪ࡁࢃ
᫇ࡢே㛫ࡓࡕࡀึࡵ࡚ே⏕ࡢᖌࢆ▱䣬ࡓሙᡤ࡬㏨ࡆ࡚⾜䣬ࡓ䣎ୣ࠿ࡽᫍࡓ
ࣜ࢘ࢫබ࡟䥺ࡼ࠸࠿䣍ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚ୡࡢ୰ࡣ㠃ಽࢆぢ࡚ࡸ䣬ࡓࡇ࡜࡟ሗ
䣬࡚⾜䣬࡚ࡃࢀ䣎✵Ẽࡀ྾࠸ࡓ࠸䣎䥹❆㎶࡬ᨭ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚⾜ࡁ࡞ࡀࡽ䣍ࣘ䤀
ࡍࡿ䥺ࡔࡀࡑࢀࡣᚰࡢࡳ࡛䣍㊊⭜ࡣࡄࡽࡘࡃ࡞䣎᳔Ꮚࢆ❆ࡢᙇࡾฟࡋ࡟ᣢ
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ఱࢆ⏦ࡍ䣎ⱝ࠸ຊࢆឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡢ࡟䣎䥹❧ࡕୖࡀࢁ࠺࡜
ࣝࣥࣉ Ẋ䣍࠾㐃ࢀ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍ䣎
ࡋࡓࡢࡔࡀ䣍㟼ᐢࡀ᮶ࢀࡤ࡞࠾䣍᳃⨶୓㇟ࡢኌࡶవ㡩ࢆᘬࡃ䣎⚄⮬ࡽࡀே
࠸ࡿࡢࡔ䣎ࢃࢀࢃࢀࢆ྾࠺ࡔࡅ྾࠸ᑾࡃࡋ࡚䣍ࡇ䣬ࡕࡀ෼ࢇࡔ࡜ぢࡿࡸ䣍
ࢃࡓࡋ⮬㌟ࡣᬯ㜌ࡢே㛫ࡔ䣬ࡓࡀ䣍ᬯ㜌ࡢத࠸ࡈ࡜࡟᎘Ẽࡀࡉࡋ࡚䣍኱
㛫࡜࡞䣬࡚ே㛫ࡢチ࡬ࡸ䣬࡚᮶ࡓ᫬䣍ࡦ࡜ࡘࡢᫍ࡜䣍࠿ࡢ㈼ேࡓࡕࢆ㐵ࢃ
྾࠸ྲྀ䣬ࡓ᭱Ⰻࡢຊࢆࡦࡅࡽ࠿ࡋ࡚ࡃࡿ䣎䥹ᗙࡿ䥺❆ࢆ㛤ࡅ䣎
࠺࡟Ẽࢆࡘࡅ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡓ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ࠿䣎
ࣝࣥࣉ ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ䣍࠾⪃࠼ୗࡉࢀࡲࡏ䣎࠸ࡘࡶ㝎ୗࡣእẼ࡟ᙜࡓࡽࡠࡼ
ࡋࡰ
ࡋࡓ䣎ᙼࡽࡣ࠾ࡢࡀཿᬛ࡜࠸࠺៏ᚰࢆᨺࡾฟࡋ䣍࠿ࡢ༳ ࡟ᚑ䣬࡚㤿ᑠᒇ
ఱ࠿㡢ᴦ࡛ࡶ⪺ࡇ࠼ࡓ࠿䣎
ࡲ࡛ࡸ䣬࡚᮶ࡓ䣎ࡑࡇ࡟ࡣ⨺㣫࠸ࡶࡍ࡛࡟᮶࡚࠾ࡾ䣍ࡣࡿ࠿ᙼ᪉࠿ࡽኳ౑
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ 㝎ୗ䣍ఱࡶ⪺ࡇ࠼ࡲࡏࢇࡀ䣎
ࡣ䣍ᖹ࿴ࡼ䣍ᖹ࿴ࡼ䣍࡜ḷ䣬࡚࠸ࡓ䣎
䢣
57
ࡢࡇ࡜࡟ゐࢀ࡚ඖẼ࡟࡞ࡾࡓ࠸䣎ఱ࡜࠸࠺ẼᣢࡕⰋࡉ䣍ఱ࡜Ⰻ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡔ䣎
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࢃࡓࡋࡣࡶࡣࡸⓚᖇ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎ࡦ࡜ࡾࡢே㛫࡞ࡢࡔ䣎ᙜࡓࡾ๓
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡞ࡽࡤ㐲࠸᫬௦࠿ࡽ㡪࠸࡚ࡃࡿίኪࡢవ㡩ࡔ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡣࡑࡢ᫬
243
ࡣᝒ᝺ࢆ⥅ᢎࡍࡿ⪅࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽ៯ࢀࡳࢆぬ࠼ࡿ䣎࠶ࡢ⏨ࡣ⹫ᰤᚰ࡟⁒ࢀ࡚
୚࠼ࡽࢀࡿ࡟㐪࠸࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎
ୖ䣎ࡇࡢࡦ࡝࠸඗ᘵத࠸ࡣ⤊ᜥ࡟ྥ࠿࠸䣍ἲⓗᶒ฼ࡢ࠶ࡿ඗ୖ࡟ṇᙜᛶࡀ
࣐䣹ࢡࢫ 䥹᳔Ꮚ࠿ࡽ❧ࡕୖࡀ䣬࡚䥺ࡲࡉ࡟ࡑࡢࡇ࡜࡛ࡲ࠸䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣍඗
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ❧䣬࡚ࡃࢀ䣎ࢃࡀ㧗㈗࡞ᐙࡢ⪅ࡣ⚄௨እࡢఱ⪅࡟ࡶࡦࡊࡲࡎ࠸
ࡓ䣎㈐ࡵࡣࡋ࡞࠸䣎࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕࡣ඲యࡢࡇ࡜ࢆẼ㐵䣬࡚࠸ࡓࡋ䣍᭤ࡀ䣬ࡓ
௙஦࡟㥑ࡅ㎸ࢇ࡛⾜䣬ࡓ䣎࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕࡶ㥑ࡅ࡚࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀ䣍Ṍ࠸࡚ࡣ⾜䣬
ࡢࡇ࡜ࡀ⫢ᚰ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶䣬࡚䣍᫂᪥ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢࡔ䣎ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ⓙ䣍Ẽ㐪࠸ࡌࡳࡓ
ࡽ࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ၏୍ࡢᩆ࠸࡜ぢࡓ䣎ࡔࡀே㛫ࡣ็㑣࡟ࡢࡳ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡁ䣯࠺
ࡀ䣍ࡇࡢ᫬௦ࡢ⪅ࡓࡕࡀⓙ䣍ྠࡌᜍᛧ࡟ືᦂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸䣍㈼᫂࡟ࡓࡵ
࡚࠸ࡓࡀ䣍ᐇࡣࡑ࠺࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎㏕ࡾ᮶ࡿᮍ᮶ࢆᛮ࠺࡜㈐ࡵⱔࡲࢀࡿࡼ࠺ࡔ
ࡶࡢ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣከࡃࡢኻᩋࢆࡋࡓ䣎ㄆࡵࡿ䣎ୡࡢ୰ࢆ㈼᫂࡞ࡶࡢࡔ࡜ᛮ䣬
࠸ࡿ㟝ࡢ୰࠿ࡽ䣍቎࡜࠸࠺᭱⤊ẁ㝵ࡢ࠶ࡿ῝࠸㇂࡟ୗࡾ࡚ࡁ࡚࠿ࡽ࡜࠸࠺
ࡣ࡞ࡃ䣍ṍࢇࡔᙧࡢࡶࡢࢆ┠ࡢᙜࡾ࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ䣎ᒣࡢ㡬࡟࠿࠿䣬࡚
ࡾΰࡐྜࢃࡏࡽࢀࡿ䣎⤖ᯝ䣍஦ࢆᡂࡋ⤊࠼ࡿ࡜䣍㧗㈗࡞⪅ࡣ⮬ศࡢ⾜Ⅽ࡛
ࡓ ࡵ ࡟ 㐨 ල ࡜ ࡞ 䣬 ࡚ ຓ ࡅ ࡿ ⪅ ࡓ ࡕ ࡢ ᭤ ࡀ 䣬 ࡓ ฼ᕫ ᚰ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ ᝟ ⇕ ࡀ ࡓ䣬 ࡫
㧗㈗࡞⪅ࡢ⣧┿࡞ດຊ࡟ࡣ䣍⮬ࡽࡦ࡜ࡾ࡛஦ࢆ࡞ࡋ࠼࡞ࡅࢀࡤ䣍ࡑࡢ⪅ࡢ
ᛮ䣬࡚஦ࢆ࡞ࡋࡓࡀ䣍஦ែࡣᝏ࠸࡯࠺࡟⾜䣬࡚ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓ䣎ࡘࡲࡾࡇ࠺ࡔ䣎
࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕࢆࢃࡓࡋ⮬㌟ࡼࡾཝࡋࡃ⿢ࡅ࡜࠸࠺ࡢ࠿䣎ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣⰋ࠿ࢀ࡜
䥹୧኱බ䣍❧ࡕୖࡀࡿ䥺
ࡿࡢ࡟ࡦࡊࡲࡎࡃࡢࡣࡸࡵ࡚ࡶࡽ࠾࠺䣎
㌴ࡀ㞜ᮌ࡜୍య࡜࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡽ䣍㐜ࠎ࡜ࡋࡓືࡁࡢ࠺ࡕ࡟᫬ࢆ♧ࡍࡢࡔ䣍
ࡐࢇࡲ࠸ࡀᛴࡁࡓ࡚ࡿ᫬ィࡣ䣍ᶵᲔࡀ୍Ẽ࡟ᅇ㌿ࡋ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟䣍୰ᚰࡢṑ
ࡓࡇ࡜ࡀΰࡊ䣬࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ䣍ࡑࡢ᫬࡟࡞䣬࡚ศ࠿ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿ䣎
ហ࠿ࡉࡢᏊ࡝ࡶࡓࡿே㛫ࡢࡓࡵࡢࡶࡢࡔ࠿ࡽ䣍ࡑࡇ࡟ࡣ࡝࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶ㤿㮵ࡆ
ࡺࡃ⌧ᐇ࡟ㄪ࿴ࡉࡏ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࠿ࡽࡔ䣎ே㛫ࡢࡁࡲࡾ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡣ
ࡔࡀ⌧ᐇࡢࡶࡢ࡜࡞ࡿ⾜ືࢆ㉳ࡇࡍࡇ࡜ࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸䣎ࡑࡢ⾜ືࢆ䣍㐃㙐ࡋ࡚
ࡿࡀࡼ࠸䣎ࡑࢇ࡞ࡇ࡜ࡣᵝࠎ࡞ྍ⬟ᛶࢆᘝࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ࡟㐣ࡂ࡞࠸ࡢࡔ࠿ࡽ䣎
ࡀࡼ࠸䣎㠀㞴ࡍࡿࡢࡣࡓࡸࡍ࠸ࡇ࡜࡛䣍⊂ࡾࡼࡀࡾ࡞ࡒࡲࡸ࠿ࡋࡔ࡜ឤࡌ
ᇛ࡟ಟ㐨㝔ࡢൔᡣ࡟࡞䣬࡚ࡶࡽ࠾࠺䣎࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫࡣࡲ࠶䣍ᨭ㓄⪅࡟࡞ࡿ
ࡌࡿ䣎࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡶᛀᜠࡣ䣍቎᥀ࡾேኵࡢ㗟ࡼࡾ῝ࡃ᥀ࡿࡶࡢࡔ࠿ࡽ䣎ࡇࡢ
࠸ࡓࡼ࠺࡟䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡶṚࢆᚅࡘࡇ࡜࡟ࡋࡼ࠺䣎㛗ࡃࡣ࠿࠿ࡽ࡞࠸䣍ࡑ࠺ឤ
ᤞ࡚ࡽࢀࡓࡢࡔࡀ䣍ᙼࡀࢫ࣌࢖ࣥࡢ⪷ࣘࢫࢺ䣶ࢫಟ㐨㝔࡛Ṛࢆᚅࡕཷࡅ࡚
ୡࡀ࠿ࡘ࡚ୡ⏺ࢆぢᤞ࡚࡚㏥఩ࡋࡓ᫬䣍ࡶ䣬࡜ࡶࢃࡓࡋࡢ࡯࠺ࡣୡ⏺࡟ぢ
࡚඲య࡜࡞ࡿࡶࡢࡣ䣍ศ๭ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟⪏࠼࡞࠸࠿ࡽ࡞䣎఑∗ࡢ࢝䤀ࣝ஬
ᨭ㓄ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡼࡋ䣍ࡑ࠺ࡍࡿࡀࡼ࠸䣎ࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ㒊ศࡀࡲ࡜ࡲ䣬
ᘵࡣࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀࡜࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜ࢔ࢆ἞ࡵ䣍࣑࣎࣊࢔ࢆࡶᑗ᮶࡛࡞ࡃ௒࡟ࡶ䣍
ࡓࡢࡔ䣎ࡓࡔ䣍⋤ᅜࢆᚲせ࡜ࡍࡿୡ⏺ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ᅜࡣᏑ⥆ࡉࡏࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠺䣎
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡑࡢࡇ࡜ࡣゝ࠺࡞䣎࣑࣎࣊࢔⋤ࡣ࠸࡞ࡃ࡞䣬ࡓ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡣㅉࡵ
฼ᕫᚰ࡟㏞ࢃࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡀ㈐ࡵࡿࡢࡣࡓࡔࡦ࡜ࡾ䣍௒ࡣࡑ
࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶศ࠿ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿ䣎࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕ⮬㌟ࡣࢃࡓࡋࡢᨭ㓄⪅ࡢᆅ఩
ࡀࢇࡂ
ࡢྡࢆゝࢃ࡞࠸ࡀ䣍ࡑࡢ⪅ࢆࢃࡓࡋࡣ࠿ࡘ࡚㍍⶜ࡋ䣍ࡉࡽ࡟៮ࢇࡔࡀ䣍௒
࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽࢇ䣎ேࡣṚࡡࡤᆅ࡟ᶓࡓࢃࡿ䣎ࡔࡀ⏨ࡓࡿ⪅ࡶ኱බࡶ䣍⏕ࡁ࡚࠸
࡞ⱥ㞝๻ࡢࡓࡵࡢ⯙ྎࡔ䣬ࡓࡢࡔ䣎
࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎஦ែࡀࡇ࠺࡞䣬ࡓ࠿ࡽ࡟ࡣᘚゎࡣ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡏࢇ䣎
࣐䣹ࢡࢫࡣཱྀࢆࡁ࠿࡞࠸ࡢ࠿䣎
࠸ࡓ䣎ࡸࡘࡀୡࡢ୰ࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ⪃࠼ࡓ࡜ࡍࢀࡤ䣍ୡࡢ୰࡜ࡣ࠾ࡢࢀࡢ↓ෆᐜ
䢣
䥹୧኱බ䣍ࡦࡊࡲࡎࡃ䥺
ࡘࡽ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎
࣐䣹ࢡࢫ ࡑࢀࡼࡾἽࡁࡓ࠸Ẽᣢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡇࡢ㔜࠸࠿ࡽࡔ࡛ࡣࡦࡊࡲࡎࡃࡢࡶ
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ❧䣬࡚ࡃࢀ䣎
244
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ
‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
ᗘ࡜㤿ຊ࡛ໃ࠸ࡀࡘ࠸࡚⯙࠸ୖࡀ䣬࡚ࡋࡲ࠸䣍ࡉࡽ࡟㔝ࢆ㉺࠼䣍⸭ࢆ㉺࠼䣍
ࢆᘬ࠸࡚䣍ࡶ࠺༑ศࡔ࡜ᛮ࠺䣎ࡔࡀ⋇ࡢ࡯࠺ࡣ䣍ᛶ㉁ࡀẼ㧗࠸࠺࠼࡟ຍ㏿
஦ࢆᡂᑵࡏࢇࡀࡓࡵ䣍㤿࡟ᢿ㌴ࢆ࠿ࡅࡿ䣎┠ᶆ࡟฿㐩ࡍࢀࡤ䣍㥽ᡭࡣᡭ⥘
࢘䣵䤀ࣥࡶࡃࢀ࡚ࡸ䣬ࡓ䣎ᖇᅜࡢᦂ⡛ᮇ࠿ࡽ∗♽௦ࠎࡢᒃఫᆅࡔ䣬ࡓ࢘䣵
ࡓࡋࡢసရ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎ࢃࡀ⋢ᗙࡣࡇࡇ࡟࠶䣬ࡓ䣎ࣉࣛࣁࡢࡓࡵ࡞ࡽ⏕Ẽₚࡿ
㇏࠿࡟㣭ࡾࡘࡅࡓࡶࡢ࡟䣍ேࡢᡭࡲ࡛ຍ࠼࡚ࡵ࠿ࡋࡘࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡇࢀࡣࢃ
ࡽ䣎࡝࠺ࡔ䣍㉕ࢆจࡽࡋ䣍ᩘከࡢሪ࡜Ẽရ࠶ࡿᘓ≀࡟㣭ࡽࢀ䣍⚄ࡀࡍ࡛࡟
ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥ ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ䣍┠ⓗࡸࡽண ࡞࡝ゝ䣬࡚ࡳ࡚ࡶ௙᪉ࡀ࡞࠸䣎ࡇࢀ
ࢩ䣻ࣜ䣹ࢡ ࡲࡔඖ࡟ᡠࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࢀࡤࡢヰࡔࡀ䣎
࡚࠸ࡿ᫬ࡶ䣍ࡇࡢ⏫ࡣ䣍ᭀຊ࡜ẅᡘࡢ◁₍ࡢ୰࡟࠶䣬࡚ᰤ࠼ࡿ࢜࢔ࢩࢫࡢ
ࡢᆅ࡜ࡇࡢ࠸࡜ࢃࡋ࠸⏫ࢆᚋ⏕኱஦࡟Ᏺ䣬࡚ࡁࡓ䣎ୡ⏺୰ࡀ࿘ࡾ࡛ᡓࢆࡋ
࡟䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡉ࠼ࡶ㟼࠿࡟ᒃᚰᆅࡼࡃఫࡳ╔࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔ࠿ࡽ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡣࡇ
ࡲ࡛ࡸ䣬࡚ࡁࡓࡇ࡜ࡣࡳ࡞䣍㈗බࡶᮃࢇ࡛࠸ࡓࡇ࡜࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿䣎࠾ࡸ䣍㊊
ࡈ࡜ࡃ࡛࠶䣬ࡓ䣎ࡔࡀ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡣ⮬ศࡢኊ㯇ࡉ࡟೏ࢇ࡛䣍཭࡟ลࢆྥࡅࡿࡢ
ࡳ
㡢ࡀ㏆࡙࠸࡚ࡃࡿ䣎ⓚᖇࡈ⮬㌟ࡔࢁ࠺䣎እ㛛ࢆぢ࡟⾜ࡇ࠺䣎
࠿䣎ࡋ࠿ࡋࡇ࠺ゝ䣬࡚࠾ࡇ࠺䣎ᝏᛶࡢ⒗ࡣ࠿ࡽࡔࡌ䣮࠺ࡢᝏ࠸యᾮࢆᘬࡁ
ࡣ
䥹ࡩࡓࡾ䣍ୗᡭࡢᡬࢆ㏻䣬࡚ࡺࡃ䥺
ᐤࡏ࡚⭉ᩋ࡜ṧ⹢ࡢ⑓※࡜࡞ࡿ䣎ࡑࢀ࡜ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡟䣍㛗ࡽࡃയࡘࡅࡽࢀࡎ
䤀ࣥࡉ࠼ࡶ䣎ࡇࡢഇၿⓗ࡞㟼ࡅࡉࡀࢃࡓࡋ࡟ࡣᚰᆅࡼ࠿䣬ࡓ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡢ୰
⏿ࢆ㉺࠼࡚䣍ࡼ࠺ࡸࡃ㤿㖱ࡀ᪸ࡪࡾࢆᢚ࠼ࡿࡲ࡛✺䣬㉮ࡿ䣎ࡑࢀ࠿ࡽඖ࡟
ᡠ䣬࡚ࡺࡃࡢࡔ䣎
䥹ⓚᖇ䣍ࣝࣥࣉ࡟ᨭ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚᮶ࡿ䣎ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබ䣍ࡑࡢ๓ࢆ⾜ࡃ䥺
࡟ࡁࡓ࠾ࡲ࠼࡟ᑐࡍࡿࡇࡢᡓࡢⅆ✀ࡣ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼࡟⏫ࡌ䣮࠺ࢆ᱌ෆࡉࡏ࡚࠾
࠸࡚࠿ࡽ䣍஦ࢆ㉳ࡇࡋጞࡵࡿࡔࢁ࠺䣎࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢ㡿ᅵ࡛ࡑࡢⅆ✀ࡣᡓ࠸ࢆᣮ
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ 㝎ୗ䣍␒රࡢ↓ศูࢆ࠾チࡋࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎┘ど࡟ᅇࡉࢀࡓ⏨ࡣ㝎
ୗࡢ࠾ጼࢆ▱ࡽ࡞࠿䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎
ࡳ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢᏊ࡝ࡶࡓࡕ࡟ลࢆྥࡅ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢ㈗᪘ࡓࡕࡢ㤳ࢆอࡡ䣍எዪ
ఱ ே࡟ ࡶ ❧ ࡕ ධ ࡿࡇ ࡜ ࢆ チ ࡋ ࡚ ࡣ ࡞ ࡽ ࡞ ࠸ ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ ࿨ ௧ ࡟ ᚑ 䣬
ࡢ㐠࿨࡜࡞ࡿࡀࡼ࠸䣎
䢣
ၿ⾜࡟ᝏ஦࡛ሗ࠸ࡿ࠾ࡲ࠼ࢆ䣎
䥹࣐ࢡࢩ࣑䤀ࣜ࢔ࣥ䣍ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ୧኱බ䣍ᡞཱྀ࡟⌧ࢀࡿ䥺
ヰࡋኌࡀࡍࡿࡀ䣍ㄡ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࡜ᩛ࡟ࡋ࡚⿬ษࡾ⪅ࡔ䣎
ࢃࡓࡋࡢ᮫ࡣ࡝ࡇ࡟⾜䣬ࡓ䣎⭸ࡢຊࡀᢤࡅࡓ䣎ㄡࡶ୰࡟ධࢀࡿ࡞䣎እ࡛
࿚䣬࡚ࡸࡿ䣎
䢣
ࡽࡢ㧥ࢆ஘ࢀࡉࡏ࡚䣍∗ぶࡢ᜝㎯ࢆ᜝㎯࡛㉢ࢃࡏࡿࡢࡔ 䣎ࡑࢀࡀ࠾ࡲ࠼
䥹ⓚᖇ䣍࠶ࡊࡅࡿࡼ࠺࡟࠺࡞ࡎࡃ䥺
ࣘ 䤀ࣜ ࢘ ࢫ
ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎
䥹ⓚᖇ䣍ᐇ㦂ᐊࡢධࡾཱྀࡀ㛢㙐ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࢆㄆࡵ࡚䣍᮫࡛ᣦࡋ♧ࡍ䥺
ࣝࣥࣉ 䥹ᘬ䣬࠿ࡅ࡚࠶ࡿ࢝䤀ࢸࣥࢆୗࢁࡋ࡚䥺࠾ࡑࡽࡃࡣ㝎ୗࡢᏳ඲ࡢࡓ
ࡵࡢᥐ⨨࡛䣍↓⏝ࡢ⪅ࡀධࡿࡢࢆ㜵ࡈ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࡇ࡜࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎
56
ࣝࣥࣉ ኱බẊୗࡢ࠾ࡩࡓࡾ࡛ࡍ䣎ఱ࡜᭷㞴࠸ࡇ࡜䣎
ᖇࡀࡔ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡣⓚᖇࡔ䣎⮬ศࡀ୺ேࡔ࡜ឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ䣍ᅃࢃࢀࡢ㌟࡛࠶䣬
⭜ࢆୗࢁࡋ࡚ࡃࢀ䣎ࡋ࠿ࡋጁ࡞᫬࡟᮶ࡓ࡞䣎䥹⭜ࢆୗࢁࡋ࡚࠿ࡽ䥺ୡ㛫࡛
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕ䣍࣐䣹ࢡࢫ࡜ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ࠿䣍ࡼࡃ᮶࡚ࡃࢀࡓ䣎
࡚ࡶ䣎ࡺ࠼࡟䣍ࢃࡀᚰࡢ③ࡳࡼ䣍ᾘ࠼࡚࡞ࡃ࡞ࢀ䣎ởࡉࢀࡓጾཝࢆᛣࡿ࡟
᪂ࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜࡛ࡶ㸽 ࡶ䣬࡜ࡶ࠸ࡘ࡛ࡶྠࡌࡇ࡜䣎ྂࡁࡶࡢࡣཤࡾ䣍᪂ࡋࡁ
௵ࡏࡼ䣎ศ࠿䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿䣍ㄡࡢ௙ᴗ࠿䣎ᘵࡀࢃࡓࡋࡢ⋤ෙࢆ⬣࠿ࡋࡓࡢ
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ
ࡶࡢࡣ⏕ࡲࢀࡿ䣎ࡋ࡚䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕࡢ⏝ࡣὙ♩ࡢ఍㣗࠿䣍ࡑࢀ࡜ࡶⴿᘧ࠿䣎
⮬ศࡢᮏᛶ࡟ᚑ䣬࡚⾜ືࡋࡓࡲ࡛ࡔ䣎䥹❆㎶࡟ᐤ䣬࡚䥺ࡔࡀࡇࡢ⏫࡜ࡁࡓ
࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡣᘵࢆឡࡉ࡞࠿䣬ࡓ䣎⮬ᝮࢀᒇ࡛䣍௙᪉ࡢ࡞࠸ࡸࡘࡔࡀ䣍
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ධࡿࡇ࡜ࡔ࡜䣎ฟ࡚ࡺࡃࡇ࡜ࡔ࡜ゝ࠼䣎ࡑࢀࡶࢃࡓࡋࡀࡔ䣍ⓚ
245
⭜ࢆୗࢁࡍ๓࡟䣍ࡦࡊࡲࡎ࠸࡚ඛࡢ㐣ࡕࡢ࠾ルࡧࢆࡉࡏ
ࡋࡲࢃࢀࡓ࡜࡚䣍⭎ࡢ⾑⟶ࡀษ㛤ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓ䣎
⯙ྎࡢ⫼ᚋ࡛
ࡃࡣ࡞࠸࡜ྉࢇ࡛࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓ䣎࡜ࡇࢁࡀ௒ࡋࡀࡓ䣍✺↛䣍ໟᖏࢆ⭎࠿ࡽ
ᚑ൅ ࡛ࡍࡀ䣍㕲᱁Ꮚࡂࢃ࡛Ⲩࢀ࡚䣍⿢ุᐁࡔ䣍⿢ุࡋࢁ䣍⏕ࡁ࡚࡞࡝࠸ࡓ
ࢃࡓࡋࡢ⾑ࡣ᭱ᚋࡢ୍⁲ࡲ࡛㝎ୗࡢࡓࡵ࡟࠶ࡿ䣎ᡭࢆ࡝ࡅࢁ䣎ゝ࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ
ࡓ࡟ᡭࢆ࠿ࡅࡼ࠺࡜࠸࠺ࡢ࠿䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡢ┠ࡢ㯮࠸࠺ࡕࡣ䣍ࡑ࠺ࡣࡉࡏࢇࡒ䣎
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ఱࡈ࡜ࡔ䣎ⓚᖇࡀ␒ර࡟㊊Ṇࡵࡉࢀࡿ࡜ࡣ䣎㤶Ἔࢆሬࡽࢀࡓ࠿
ᘬࡁࡴࡋࡽࢀࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎⾑ࡣ࡝ࡃ࡝ࡃฟࡲࡍࡀ䣍ᡬࡀ㛢ࡲ䣬࡚࠸࡚ࡣ࿧ࡧ
ࡁ࠿ࡡࡤ䣍୙ᒆࡁ࡞┿ఝࡢൾ࠸ࡣṚࡔ䣎
䥹๢࡟ᡭࢆ࠶࡚ࡀ䣬࡚䣍ୗᡭ࡬㏥
ฟࡉࢀࡓ་⪅ࡶධ䣬࡚ࡺࡅࡲࡏࢇ䣎㘽ࢆ࠾Ώࡋࡃࡔࡉࡽࡡࡤ䣍࠶ࡢ࠿ࡓࡣ
ሙ䥺
Ṇࡲࢀ䣎ୗࡀࢀ䣎
࠾ࡋࡲ࠸࡛ࡍ䣎
246
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ
ࣜ࢘ࢫ䣍ഐࡽ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡺࡁ࡞ࡀࡽ䥺ࡇࡢ୍▐࡟࠶ࡢ࠿ࡓࡢ࿨ࡀ࠿࠿䣬࡚࠸
ࡇࢀࡣࡼࡃ࠾⪃࠼ୗࡉࢀࡲࡏ䣎䥹ⓚᖇࡀ㘽ࢆྲྀ䣬࡚㞳ࢀ࡚ࡺࡃࡢ࡛䣍ࣘ䤀
䥹ⓚᖇ䣍ᣦ࡛ᣦᅗࡍࡿ䥺
ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥ࡜ࢩ䣻ࣜ䣹ࢡ䣍Ⓩሙ䣎ࡑࡢ࠺ࡋࢁ࡟㠉ࡢ๓᥃ࡅࢆࡘࡅࡓ⫋ே䣎
࢝䤀ࢸࣥ࡟ⶸࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎
➨୕ᖥෑ㢌࡜ྠࡌᇛෆࡢ㒊ᒇ䣎ቨ㱥≧ࡢ❑ࡳࡀୖᡭᚋᬒ࡟࠶ࡿࡀ䣍ୗࢁࡋࡓ
ሙ㠃㌿᥮
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ 䥹㘽ࢆ࣋ࣝࢺ࠿ࡽᘬࡁᢤ࠸࡚䥺ࡉ࠶䣍ᛴࡄࡢࡔ䣎
ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎࿨ࡤ࠿ࡾ࡛࡞ࡃ䣍࠶ࡢ࠿ࡓࡢྡኌࡸ್ᡴࡕࡶ࡛ࡍ䣎࠶ࡢ࠿ࡓ⮬
࡛࠶ࡾ䣍ࡑ࠺ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼ䣬࡚䣍⏕ࡁ≀ࢆᘬࡁ⿣࠸࡚㈎ࡾ㣗࠺⋇࡜ࡋ࡚࡛
ࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜䣍࠶ࡢ࠿ࡓࢆ㥑ࡾ❧࡚ࡓࡶࡢࢆ⿢ุᐁࡢ๓࡛⮬ࡽ㔘᫂ࡍࡿࡇ࡜
ࡶ࠺࡝ࡇ࡟ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎୔ኵ࡞ཌᯈ࡛ሰ࠸ࡔࡢ࡛䣍ᅛ࠸ቨࡢࡼ࠺࡟㡹୔
⫋ே 䥹࢝䤀ࢸࣥࢆᘬ࠸࡚䣍ቨ࡟ᡴࡕࡘࡅ࡚࠶ࡿ␃ࡵ㔠࡟ᘬ䣬࠿ࡅࡿ䥺ᡬࡣ
ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥ ࿨௧࡝࠾ࡾฟཱྀࡣ࡝ࡇࡶሰ࠸ࡔ࠿䣎ࡇࡇ࡟ࡲࡓࡦ࡜ࡘᡬࡀ࠶ࡿ䣎
࡞ࡃ䣍ே㛫࡜ࡋ࡚ࡇࡢୡࢆཤࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡍ䣎Ύࡵࡽࢀࡣࡏࡎ࡜ࡶ䣍ࡏࡵ࡚㉧
࡛ࡍ䣎
㌟࡜䣍࠶ࡢ࠿ࡓ࡟㏆ࡋ࠸࠿ࡓࡀࡓⓙ࡟࡜䣬࡚௒㔜せ࡞ࡢࡣ䣍࠶ࡢ࠿ࡓࡢ࡞
ࡋࢆཷࡅ࡚䣎ุỴ࡜ἲࡀ୚࠼ࡽࢀࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛ࡍ䣎
䥹⫋ே䣍㏥ሙ䥺
ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥ ࡛ࡣእࡢ࡯࠺ࢆぢ࡟⾜䣬࡚ࡃࢀ䣎
䥹ᾦ࡟ࡃࡄࡶ
ⓚᖇ 䥹஭ᡞࡢ㝵ẁ࡟❧ࡕ䣍㘽ࢆᢞࡆ㎸ࢇ࡛࠿ࡽ䣍ᙉ࠸ㄪᏊ࡛䥺࠶ࡢ⏨ࡣ⿢
䢣
࡜ࡾࢃࡅ⫢ᚰ࡞ࡢࡣ䣍ࢃࡀᅜ⋤ࡀ䣍ࡈ⮬ศ࡛ࡣᝏ஦ࢆ࡞ࡉࡿ࠾ࡘࡶࡾࡣ࡞
࠿ࢀࡓ䣎ࢃࡓࡋ࡟ࡼ䣬࡚䣍ࡸࡘࡢⓚᖇ࡟ࡼ䣬࡚䣍ࡸࡘࡢ
䣬ࡓ㟈࠼ࡿኌ࡛䥺୺ྩ࡟ࡼ䣬࡚䣎䥹ࣝࣥࣉ࡟ᨭ࠼ࡽࢀ࡞ࡀࡽ䣍ࡼࢁࡵࡁࡘ
࠸࡞ࡀࡽ䣍⿬ษࡾ⪅࡟ࡦࡑ࠿࡟㐃ࢀཤࡽࢀ࡚䣍ᩛࡢᡓࡢ᪝ᥭࡆ࡟฼⏝ࡉࢀ
࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡔ䣎
ࡘୗᡭ࡟㏥ሙ䥺
ࡔࡀ䣍⿢ุᐁࢆฟࡋᢤ࠸ุ࡚Ỵ࡟ᖸ΅
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ 䥹஭ᡞࡢ㝵ẁࢆୖࡾ䣍ぢ࠾ࢁࡋ࡚䥺ࡔࡵࡔ䣎ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀
䢣
࠸ࡓࡼࡾ㛗ࡃ⥆࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡒ䣎
ࢩ䣻ࣜ䣹ࢡ ࡔࡀ䣍ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣᅜ⋤ࢆᑛᩗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡑࡢẼᣢࡕࡣண ࡋ࡚
࠾࠾䣍㝎ୗࡀࡈᐙ୰ࡢ୙ṇࢆྲྀࡾ㝖࠿ࢀࡿࡢ࡜
ࡣ࠾ࡋࡲ࠸ࡔ䣎ᡬࢆ⇿◚ࡋࢁ䣎
䢣
ࡋ࡚ࡼ࠸ࢃࡅࡣ࡞࠸䣎
ྠᵝ䣍᩿ᅛࡓࡿែᗘ࡛ᅜᐙࡢ୙ṇࢆࡶྲྀࡾ㝖࠸࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡓࡽࡢ࠺䣎ࡲࡲࡼ䣍
㤿࡟ࡲࡓࡀࡾ࡞ࡀࡽ䣍୙ ࡢ஦ែࢆᜍࢀࡿ㥽ᡭ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎㥽ᡭࡣࡏ࠿ࡏ࠿࡜
ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥ ண ࡞࡝࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡣ䣍Ⅿⅆࡢࡈ࡜ࡃ⑌㥑ࡍࡿᐇ⾜࡜࠸࠺ྡࡢዑ
㐣ࡂࡓࡇ࡜ࡔ䣎
‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
ࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࡀྠᵝࡢ஦᝟ࡀ࠶ࢀࡤྠᵝ࡟⪃࠼ࡲࡍ䣎ࡘࡲࡾ䣍࠸࠿࡞ࡿ࡞ࡽࡎ
࡟䣍௚ேࡀἲ࡟⦡ࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᮃࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽ䣎ࡑࡢ௚ࡢே㛫࡟ࡋ
㌟ࡢࡳࡣἲࢆචࢀࡓ࠸ࡃࡏ࡟䣍⮬ศࡢ␎ዣࡀ௚ࡢἾᲬ࡟㑧㨱ࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺
ኳࡤ࠿ࡾ࡛࡞ࡃ䣍ᆅୖ࡟ࡶࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ࡜ࡶ䣎࡞࡟ࡋࢁᝏඪ࡛ࡉ࠼䣍⮬ศ⮬
䥹ⓚᖇ䣍᮫࡛ኳࢆᣦࡍ䥺
࡜࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎
ᚅ࡚ࡤᾏ㊰ࡢ᪥࿴࠶ࡾ䣍࡜ㅗ࡟⏦ࡋࡲࡍࡀ䣍୓ேࡢࡓࡵࡢ᪥࿴࡜ࡣἲࡢࡇ
䥹ⓚᖇ䣍࠶ࡊࡅࡿࡼ࠺࡟➗࠺䥺
ࡈᶵ᎘࠺ࡿࢃࡋࡁࡇ࡜䣍ఱࡼࡾ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎
ጾගࢆởࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ࠾ルࡧࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟䣍ⓙࡉࡲࡀ࠿ࡘ࡚Ⰻ࠿ࢀ࡜ᛮ䣬࡚
ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡑࡋ࡚ࡉࡽ࡟䣍㝎ୗࡈ⮬㌟ࡀ௨๓ᮃࢇ࡛࠾ࡽࢀࡓࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࡀ䣍ࡈ
ᮏ᪥䣍ࣉࣛࣁ࡟࠾㉺ࡋ࡟࡞ࡾ䣍ㄪ೵ᙺ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡇࡢ⚝ከࡁ୙࿴ࢆ௰௓ࡉࢀࡿ
࠾ఏ࠼ࡋࡓ࠿䣎䥹ࣝࣥࣉ䣍ルࡧࡿ㌟᣺ࡾ䥺㏆ࡃࡲ࡛࠸ࡽࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡍ䣎
᮰࡞ࡉ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎࡜ྠ᫬࡟䣍ᚚᐙࡢ௚ࡢࡈ㡿୺ࡀࡓࡀ
࡜䣎኱බẊୗࡣࢻ࢖ࢶ࡟㉱࠿ࢀ䣍୺ྩࢆ࠾Ᏺࡾࡍࡿࡓࡵ䣍ᖇᅜࡢ➼᪘ࢆ⤖
ࡑ࠺࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤ㝎ୗࡣ⮬⏤ࡢ㌟࡛࠶ࡾ䣍ࡈ⮬ศࡢᅜࡢ୺ྩ࡛࠶ࡽࢀࡓࡢࡔ
അ↛࡟ࡶ࿨௧ࡀ᭤ゎࡉࢀ䣍㉃ࡅ࡟ฟࡓసᡓࡀࡔ࠸࡞ࡋ࡟࡞䣬࡚ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓ䣎
チ࡟࠸ࡽࡋ࡚䣍┠ࢆ₶ࡲࡏ䣍ࢃࡓࡃࡋ࡟௦ᘚࢆࡋ࡚ࡃࢀ࡜㢗ࡲࢀࡲࡋࡓ䣎
ឤࡌ࡚࠾࠸࡛࡛ࡍ䣎኱බࡣᡓ㜚ࡢ㊅ໃࡀࡍ࡛࡟Ỵࡲ䣬ࡓ᫬࡟䣍ࢃࡓࡃࡋࡢ
ࡌ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࡲࡏ䣍ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ኱බࡣ㝎ୗࡈ⮬㌟ࡼࡾࡶ῝ࡃࡇࡢ୙㐠ࢆ
⪅࡟࡜䣬࡚ࡶ୓ேࡀᩛ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡑࡇ࡛䣍ከᩘὴࡀ຾฼ࢆ཰ࡵ䣍ከᩘὴ࡜
≢ࡋࡓࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ⨥࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ൾ࠸ࢆࡍࡿ࠾ࡘࡶࡾ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࡇࡢୡࡣ⛛
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ 䥹ⓚᖇࡢᡭࢆ୧ᡭ࡛ᥱ䣬࡚䥺࡛ࡣࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚䣍ࡼ࠺ࡇࡑ䣎㝎ୗࡢ
࡜ࡶ࡟ἲࡀ຾฼ࢆ཰ࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࡑ࠺࡛࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣࡇࡢୡ⏺ࡣᡂࡾ
ᗎࡢᚲせᛶࢆឤࡌ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡀ䣍ࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ䣍⛛ᗎ࡜ࡣṇ཯ᑐࡢ࠾ࡒࡲ
䥹ࣝࣥࣉ࡟䥺ࡶ࠺
❧ࡓࡎ䣍බඹࡢ⚟฼࡜࠸࠺⤎ࡣࡳ࡞฼ᕫᚰ࡟ࡼ䣬࡚࡜࠺ࡢ᫇࡟ࡤࡽࡤࡽ࡟
ࡋ࠸ࡶࡢࢆ㉥〄ࠎ࡟ࡋࡉ࠼ࡍࢀࡤࡼࢁࡋ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡑ࠺ࡍࢀࡤᜍࢀᡓ࠸࡚䣍
䢣
ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎㝎ୗࡢሙྜ࡟㚷ࡳࡲࡋ࡚ࡶ䣍ᖇᅜࡢㅖ౳ࡀࡇࡢ
ࡇࡢୡࡣඖࡢ㌶㐨࡟ᡠ䣬࡚ࡺࡁࡲࡍ䣎
ࡅࡀ
ᆅࡢ⭉ᩋࢆᚰᏳࡽ࠿࡟ഐほࡋ䣍⮬ศࡢ㌟࡟ᑐࡍࡿᝏ࠸ඛ౛࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᜍ
䥹ⓚᖇ䣍኱ᆅࢆᣦࡋ♧ࡋ䣍ᗄᗘ࠿᮫࡛ᆅ㠃ࢆ✺࠸࡚࠿ࡽ䣍ࣝࣥࣉ࡟ᨭ࠼ࡽ
ࢀ࡚ᚋᬒ࡬㐲ࡊ࠿䣬࡚ࡺࡃ䥺
䢣
ࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡜࡛ࡶ࠾ᛮ࠸࡛ࡋ䣯࠺࠿䣎㝎ୗࡢẸⲡ࡛ࡉ࠼
䥹࣐ࢫࢣ䣹ࢺ㖠ࢆ⫪࡟ᢸࡂ䣍࠸࠸ຍῶ࡞Ṋ⿦ࢆࡋࡓᕷẸࡀࡦ࡜ࡾ䣍ୗᡭࡼ
Ẋ䣍୍኱஦࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎㘽ࢆ࠾Ώࡋࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࡝࠺ࡋࡓ䣎
ᚑ൅
䥹ࡦ࡜ࡾࡢᚑ൅䣍ୖᡭ࠿ࡽ᮶࡚ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබ࡟ᑠኌ࡛䥺
䣎࡜
ࡾⓏሙࡋ䣍ࡇࡢሙࡢேࠎࢆ═ࡵᅇࡋ䣍ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබࡢᣦᅗ࡛ࡶ࡜᮶ࡓ࡯࠺
䢣
䣎↓ㄽ䣍⋤ᐑࡢㆤ⾨ර࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡀ
࡬ᡠ䣬࡚ࡺࡃ䣎ⓚᖇ䣍㌟㟈࠸ࡍࡿ䥺
䢣
ࣝࣥࣉ ぢᙇࡾᙺ࡛ࡍ
་⪅ࡀࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࡢチ࡬ධࡽࡏࢁ࡜せồࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎
䥹ⓚᖇ䣍᣺ࡾྥ࠸࡚䣍ヰࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⪅ࡓࡕࡢ࡯࠺ࢆ䣍᥈ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚ぢࡘ
ᚑ൅
࠿ࡽᩛࢆ⏫࡟ධࢀࡓ⪅ࡀ࠸ࡿ࡜୺ᙇࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡋ࡚䣍ᇛ㛛ࡸ㤋ࡢ㛛ࢆ㜵ᚚ
ࡵࡿ䥺
࠸࠺ࡼࡾ㆙ഛ࡟ᙜ࡚ࡽࢀࡓᕷẸ࡛ࡍ䣎࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽᙼࡽࡣ䣍ࡇࡢࣇࣛ䣹ࢳ䣺ࢽ
ࡋࡼ࠺࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎
䥹ⓚᖇ䣍㐲᪉࡟ྥࡅ࡚ᣦࢆ❧࡚䣍ጾᄐࡍࡿ䥺
ࣝࣥࣉ ⓚᖇ㝎ୗࡣ䣍ఱࡈ࡜࠿▱ࡾࡓࡀ䣬࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡍ䣎
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࠾࠾䣍㝎ୗࢆឡࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡿ⏚ᚚ࡝ࡢࢆ㠀㞴࡞ࡉ࠸ࡲࡍ࡞䣎ಙ
247
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࡀሪ࡟㛢ࡌ㎸ࡵࡽࢀ䣍࡯࡜ࢇ࡝≬Ẽ࡟㝗䣬࡚
ࡿࡉ䣎
ࡳࡓࡢࡔ䣎ࡇࡢࣉࣛࣁ࠿ࡽᧁ㏥ࡉࢀ࡚㏨ࡆሙࢆኻ࠼ࡤ䣍௒࡟ࡕࡾࡖࡾ࡟࡞
ࡢ❧ࡕ఍࠸ࡢࡶ࡜࡟䣍་⪅ࡢ❧ධࡾࡢࡳ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛࠶䣬࡚䣍ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀
࠾ཷࡅྲྀࡾࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎ࡓࡔࡋ᮲௳ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ䣎໙␃ࡢಖドேࡓࡿࡇࡢ㝲㛗
ࢨ䤀ࡀฟ࡚⾜ࡃࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎
ࡓ᫬࡟ࡣ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡶ᫝㠀࠾㏉ࡋࢆࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡇ࠺䣎ࡔࡀ௒ࡣ䣍῭ࡲࢇࡀ䣍
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࠿ࡓࡌࡅ࡞࠸䣍఑∖࡝ࡢ䣎ࡶࡋ㈗බ࡟ྠᵝࡢ஦ែࡀฟ᮶࠸ࡓࡋ
࡚࠸ࢀࡤ䣍᪂ࡋ࠸ồ፧⪅ࡣ᪂ࡋ࠸㈉ࡂ≀ࢆᣢ䣬࡚ࡃࡿࡼ䣎
࠾ᘬࡁྲྀࡾ㢪࠸ࡓ࠸䣎㈗බࡀᇛࡢ㒊ᒇ࠿ࡽᨺ㏲ࡉࢀࡓⓚᖇ㝎ୗࡀ࠿࡞ࡓ࡟
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ㈗බࡽ䣍ࡇࢀࡀᙜ↛⮳ᴟࡢࡇ࡜࡜ゝ࠼ࡼ࠺࠿䣎∼⊹ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᇛ
⏤ࢆጉࡆࢇ࡜࡚䣍ࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ㛛ࡢ㘽ࢆΏࡏ࡜ゝࢃࢀࡓࡒ䣎ࡘ࠸࡟ࡣ࡝ࢀࡼࡾ
䥹ⓚᖇ䣍ࣝࣥࣉ࠾ࡼࡧᩘྡࡢᚑ⪅ࢆᘬࡁ㐃ࢀ࡚䣍ୗᡭ࠿ࡽⓏሙ䣎ⰼቭࡢ๓
࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㛛ᡞࢆ㛢ࡊࡍࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎
䥹ࢩ䣻ࣜ䣹ࢡ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㏥ሙ䥺
ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥ ✵Ẽࡣఱே࡟ࡶ୚࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎࡛ࡍࡀ⏫ࡣಙ⩏࡞ࡁ⿬ษࡾ
ࡶᚲせ࡞ࡇࡢ㘽ࡲ࡛ࡶ䣎ࡇࢀࡣ䣍ယࢀ࡞஘ᚰ⪅ࡢࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࡀᢲࡋ
ࢩ䣻ࢺ䣶ࣝ ࣒
࡛❧ࡕṆࡲࡿ䥺
䥹ⓚᖇ䣍ⰼࢆぢ࡚࠺࡞ࡎࡃ䥺
ࢩ䣻ࢺ䣶࣒ࣝ
ࣝࣥࣉ ⰼࡀࡎ࠸ࡪࢇᢡࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡲࡋࡓ䣎ኤ࡭ࡢ く ᮶ ࡢࡏ࠸࡛ࡍ࡞䣎
ຊ ࡟ ࡞ 䣬 ࡚ ࡃ ࢀ ࡿ ேࡀ ⮬ ⏤ ࡟ ฟ ධ ࡾ ࡛ ࡁ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ࠶ ࡢ ࠿ ࡓ ࡟ ࡣ ᚲせ ࡞ ࡢ
䥹๓࡟Ṍࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡓⓚᖇ䣍❧ࡕṆࡲࡾ䣍᮫࡛஧୕ᗘ䣍ᆅ㠃ࢆ✺ࡃ䥺
ࢀࡓ⻅⾜࡟ຍᢸࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡶࡢ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡲࡍ䣎ࡺ࠼࡟ᣊ⚗ࡉࢀࡿࡢࡶ⮳ᴟࡶ
ᗞᖌࡀ⇃ᡭ࡛ࡲࡓᆒࡋࡲࡍ䣎
኱ໃࡢ⪅ࡀ ᮶ࡋࡓ㊊㊧࡛䣍ᗞࡢ㐨ࡀࡦ࡝ࡃⲨࡽࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࡀ䣍
䣬࡜ࡶ࡞ࡇ࡜࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎
ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥ ࡋ࠿ࡋࡲࡉ࡟ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࡣᙉ┐࡝ࡶ࡜⤖クࡋ࡚䣍᫖ኪ⾜ࢃ
㝎ୗ䣍ࢃࡓࡃࡋࡀ⏦ࡋࡲࡋࡓࡢࡣᔒࡢく᮶ࡢࡇ࡜࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎
ࡔ䣎ࡔ࠿ࡽࡑࡢ㘽ࢆ㏉ࡋ࡚ࡃࢀ䣎
㘽ࡔ䣎་⪅ࡣ䣍⾑࡛⾑ࢆไࡋࡼ࠺࡜䣍࠶ࡢ࠿ࡓࡢ⭎ࡢ⾑⟶ࢆษࡾ㛤࠸ࡓ䣎
㎸ࡵࡽࢀ࡚䣍Ẽ㐪࠸⇕࡟ᾋ࠿ࡉࢀᛣࡾࢆ⮬ศ࡟ྥࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ䣍ࡑࡢሪ࡟ධࡿ
ෆ࡟䣍ࡑࢀࡶⓚᖇ㝎ୗࡢ࠾㒊ᒇࡢ๓࡟ࡲ࡛ぢᙇࡾࢆ⨨ࡃ࡜ࡣ䣎ฟධࡾࡢ⮬
࠾ぢ࠼ࡔ䣎㝎ୗࡀእࡢ✵Ẽࢆ྾ࢃࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡣチࡉࢀࡼ䣎
䥹ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබ䣍㘽ࢆᦠ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ㝲㛗࡜࡜ࡶ࡟᮶ࡿ䥺
ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥ ࡁࡳࢆ࿡᪉࡟ࡘࡅࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࡸࡘࡀ࠸ࡿ䣎᜝ࡽ࠺ⰼ᎑ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ
ࢩ䣻ࣜ䣹ࢡ ࡓࡔࢃࢀࢃࢀ⮬㌟ࡣ࡝࠺ࡍࢀࡤࡼ࠸ࡢࡔ䣎
248
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ⨥⛉ࡣ⿢ุᐁࡀุỴࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡼ࠺䣎
࡜࡟࡞ࡉ࠸ࡲࡏࢇ࠿䣎࠶ࡢࣛ࢖࢜ࣥࡣ㝎ୗࡢᚚᡭ࠿ࡽࡋ࠿㣵ࢆཷࡅࡘࡅࡲ
ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥ ㄡࡀࡇࡢᆅࡢ⿢ุᐁ࡟࡞ࡿࡢ࠿䣍ࡲࡔศ࠿䣬࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎
ࡏࢇࡋ䣍ୡヰಀࡀ⏦ࡍ࡟䣍៧㨚࡞ே㛫ࡢࡼ࠺࡟࠺࡞ࡔࢀ࡚పࡃ࠺ࡵ࠸࡚࠸
࡛ࡣࡼࢁࡋࡅࢀࡤ䣍ᷦࡢ୰࡛㣵ࢆ࡯ࡋࡀ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ⋇ࡓࡕࡢᵝᏊࢆぢࡿࡇ
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ㈗බࡀ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࢁ࠺࡞䣎
ࡿ࡜ࡢࡇ࡜࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎
䥹ⓚᖇ䣍ࣈࣛ࢘ࣥࢩ䣻ࣦ䣴࢖ࢡබࢆㄆࡵ࡚䣍ᡭࢆᕪࡋฟࡍ䥺
ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥ ࡵ䣬ࡑ࠺ࡶ࡞࠸䣎࡛ࡍࡀ䣍᭷⨥࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࡣ䣬ࡁࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⚝
ࡢᙇᮏேࡶ⿢ุᐁࡓࡾ࠼ࡲࡏࢇ䣎࠾ᚅࡕࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࢃࢀࢃࢀࡼࡾ఩ࡀ㧗
࡜ࡍࡿࡀ䣍ⓚᖇࡣᡭࢆ࠸䣬ࡓࢇᘬ䣬㎸ࡵ࡚࠿ࡽ䣍ᥱᡭࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡩࡓࡓࡧ
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ 䥹ⓚᖇ࡟Ṍࡳᐤ䣬࡚䥺ⓚᖇ㝎ୗ࡝ࡢ䣎䥹ⓚᖇࡢᡭ࡟᥋࿀ࡋࡼ࠺
Ẋࡀᖇᅜࡢ㡿୺࡟ࡋ࡚㈗㢧⤀ኈࡓࡿ࡟౯ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ䣍ࡇࡢࡣࡿ࠿࡞࣑࣎࣊
ᕪࡋฟࡍ䥺
ࡃ䣍ࡍ࡛࡟ࡇࡕࡽ࡟ྥ࠿䣬࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡿ࠿ࡓ ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡑࢀࡣࡑࢀ࡜ࡋ࡚䣍㈗
࢔ࡢᆅ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ⪺ࡇ࠼࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࡑࡇࢆ࠾ศ࠿ࡾ࠸ࡓࡔࡃ༳࡟䣍㘽ࢆ
55
‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
䢣
࠼䣎
䢣
ఱࡀ࠶䣬ࡓࢇࡔ䣎
䥹ࢻ࢔ࡢෆഃࢆぢ࡚䥺ఱ࡚ࡇ࡜䣎
ࡋࡓࢇࡔ䣎䥹ࡃࡎ࠾ࢀ࡚⭸ࢆࡘࡁ䣍ᡭ࡛┠ࢆそ࠺䥺
䥹㝲㛗䣍රኈᩘྡ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟Ⓩሙ䥺
Ᏺࡾࢆᅛࡵࡿࡢࡔ䣎
ຬᩒࡉࡢ࠾࠿ࡆࡔ䣬ࡓ䣎ᩛࡢィ␎ࡣᢤࡅ┠࡞ࡃ⦎ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ䣎⿬ษࡾ⪅ࡢ
ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ 䥹රኈࡓࡕࢆ࠿ࡁศࡅ࡚䥺ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵࢔䣍ፉࡸ䣎䥹㛤࠸࡚࠸
ᡭ࡛୰࡟ධ䣬ࡓࡀ䣍ࡑࡢ㌷ࡣࡲࡿ࡛ᩛࡢ᢬ᢠࢆ᎘࠺࠿ࡢࡼ࠺࡟䣍ࡺࡿࡺࡿ
ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥ ࡑࡢወ㊧࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ䣍ࢃࡀࣉࣛࣁᪧᕷ⾤ࡢ࠶䣬ࡥࢀ࡞ᕷẸࡢຬẼ䣍
ࡿࢻ࢔ࡢ࡜ࡇࢁࡲ࡛᮶࡚䥺࠾࠾䣎ࡴࡈ࠸䣎ࡦ࡝࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ䣎䥹㒊ᒇ࡟㣕ࡧࡇ
࡜ࡓࡵࡽ࠸ࡀࡕ࡟๓㐍ࡋ࡚࠸䣬ࡓ䣎ࡔࡀࡑࡢࡪࢇ㏿ࡃ㥽ර㝲ࡀ⬥㐨࠿ࡽ࢝
ఱ࡚ࡇ࡜
䥹ᕷẸࡓࡕ䣍❧ࡕཤࡿ䥺
ࢩ䣻ࣜ䣹ࢡ ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡀຓ࠿䣬ࡓࡢࡣ࡝࠺ࡶṤ࡝ወ㊧ࡢࡼ࠺ࡔ䣎
㝲㛗 ࡇࡇ࡛Ⓨ◙ࡀ࠶䣬ࡓ䣎ࡇࡢ࠶ࡓࡾࡔ䣎
ࡴ䣎ࢻ࢔ࡀ㛢ࡲࡿ䥺
ࣞࣝᶫ࡬ᛴ⾜ࡋࡓ䣍࠾ࡑࡽࡃᪧᕷ⾤ࡀ┠ぬࡵ࡞࠸࠺ࡕ࡟く࠾࠺࡜䣎ࡣࡸ䣍
㝲㛗 䥹ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࢆᢪࡁ㉳ࡇࡋ࡚䥺㈗Ẋࢆ᥈ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎
ᶫࡣே㤿࡛⁄ࢀ࠿࠼ࡾ䣍➨୍㝕ࡣ䣍ࡣࡸ䣍⏫࡟౵ධࡋࡓ䣎ࡑࡢ᫬✺↛䣍᱁
᚟άࡋࡲࡋࡓ䣎ᩛࡀ⏫࠿ࡽ྇ࡁฟࡉࢀ䣍᪂ࡓ࡟⛛ᗎ࡜ṇ⩏ࡀᡠ䣬ࡓࡢ
ࡣᜍᛧᚰࡀ␎ዣḧ࡟ࡲࡉ䣬࡚䣍㜿㰯ྉႏࡢ⩌ࢀࢆᚋ㏥ࡉࡏࡿ䣎㥽ර㝲ࡀៃ
ࢆᇙࡵࡘࡃࡋ䣍ໃ࠸࠶ࡲ䣬࡚ࣔࣝࢲ࢘࡟ⴠ࡜ࡉࢀࡿ⪅ࡶฟࡿጞᮎ䣎ࡘ࠸࡟
ࡀ䣍ᚋ⾨ࡣ๓࡟ᢲࡋᐤࡏࡿ䣎ࡶࡘࢀ࡚࡯࡝ࡅࡠ⣒⋢ࡢࡼ࠺࡟䣍ࡸࡘࡽࡣᶫ
࡟㝆ࡾ࠿࠿䣬ࡓ䣎㤿ࡣᲬ❧ࡕ࡟࡞ࡾ䣍㥽රࡣቒⴠࡍࡿ䣎ඛ㐵㝲ࡣᚋ㏥ࡍࡿ
Ꮚࡀ㛛ࡢ๓࡟ⴠࡕ࡚䣍ሪ࠿ࡽ㕲◙ࡸ኱◙ࡢ◙ⅆࡀ㞵࠶ࡽࢀ࡜ΰ஘ࡋࡓ㌷ໃ
ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ศ࠿䣬ࡓ䣎ぢࡘ࠿䣬ࡓ࡞䣎௒࡛ࡶࣉࣛࣁ࡟⿢ุᐁࡣ࠸ࡿ
ࡢ࠿䣎
㝲㛗
࡛ࡍ䣎
ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ࡞ࡽࡤ⿢࠸࡚ࡃࢀ䣎࠾ࢀ࡟⮬ࡽ⿢ࡁࡢປࢆ࡜ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆච
ࡌ࡚ࡃࢀ䣎䥹ᚋᬒࡢࢻ࢔࡟ྥ࠿࠺䣎රኈࡓࡕࡀ࠶࡜࡟⥆ࡃ䥺
ຓ࠿ࡿ࠿ࡶ▱ࢀࢇ䣎
ࡎ࡟῭ࢇ࡛ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓ䣎ࡸ䣬࡚᮶ࡓ㐨ࢆ㏥༷ࡢ㌷ࡀࡓ࡝䣬࡚ࡺࡃ䣎᚟ㆶḧ࡜
ࢇ࡛࠸䣬ࡓࡶࡢࡔ࠿ࡽ䣍ฟᧁࡋ࡚㏣࠸࠿ࡅࡿࢃࡀẸරࡣ䣍ᡓ㜚ࡢປࢆྲྀࡽ
࡚ࡩࡓࡵ࠸࡚㏆ࡃࡢ⪅ࢆയࡘࡅࡿࡶ୓Ṇࡴ࡞ࡋ䣍⮬㌷ࡢṌරࡢ୰࡟✺䣬㎸
䥹ඛࡢࡸࡾ࡜ࡾࡢ㛫࡟᮶࡚࠸ࡓᩘேࡢᚑ൅ࡀᙼ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㞄ࡢ㒊ᒇ࡬⾜ࡃ䥺
⿬ษࡾࡀᩛࡢࡓࡵ࡟✺◚ཱྀ࡟ࡋࡓ㛛ࢆ㛢ࡌࡓࡢࡣᕷẸࡢᛅㄔᚰࡔ䣬ࡓ䣎
ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ 䥹⬥ᡬࡢ࡜ࡇࢁ࡟⌧ࢀ࡚䥺ࡇ䣬ࡕࡔ䣍ࡇ䣬ࡕࡔ䣎ࡶࡋ࠿ࡋࡓࡽ
䥹඲ဨ䣍㏥ሙ䥺
ࢩ䣻ࣜ䣹ࢡ ࡔࡀᩛࡣᇛ㛛ࡢእ࡟࠶䣬࡚䣍ᮍࡔ౲ࢀ࡞࠸ࡒ䣎
ᚰ 㓄 ↓ ⏝ ࡔ 䣎 ࠶ ࡢ ␎ ዣ 㞟 ᅋ ࡣ ⾜ ࡃ ඛ ࠎ࡛ 䣍 ࡘ ࡲ ࡾ ࣃ 䣹 ࢧ࢘ ࠿ ࡽ
ᡓሙ࡛ࡣᙼ࡟࠿࡞ࢃ࡞࠸࠿ࡽ࡜࠸࠺ࡔࡅ࡛䣍㐃୰ࡣኤ࡭䣍ኪウࡕࢆ࠿ࡅ࡚
࠸ࡀ䣍ࡸࡀ࡚࣑࣎࣊࢔⋤࡟ࡶ࡞ࢁ࠺䣎ᙼࡣ௒䣍ᩛ㌷ࢆ⊛㏣ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡑ࠺䣍
ࡾ䣍ⓒጣࡶṊჾࢆྲྀࡿ䣎࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ኱බࡣ䣍௒ࡣࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀⋤࡛ࡋ࠿࡞
࢜䤀ࣂ䤀࣭࢚ࢫࢱ䤀ࣛ࢖ࣄ
㧗ᆅ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜ࢔ࢆ㏻䣬࡚ࡣࡿ࠿࣑࣎࣊࢔ࡲ࡛䣍࡝ࡇ࡛ࡶ࠿ࡋࡇ࡛ࡶぢᙇ
ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥ
ࡿ㔮⎼஭ᡞ䣎
ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ䣎࡝ࡇࢆ㏻ࡿ࠿䣍ண ࡶࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࡓ䣎࿘㎶࠿ࡽ㥔ᒡ㒊㝲ࡀ㞟ࡲ
ࣇࣛ䣹ࢳ䣺ࢽࡢ⋤ᐑࡢᗞ䣎ᚋᬒ୰ኸ࡟ᱩࢆᘬࡁୖࡆࡿࡓࡵࡢ⁥㌴ࡀࡘ࠸࡚࠸
ࣁ࢖ࣥࣜࣄ࣭ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥ࡜ࢩ䣻ࣜ䣹ࢡ఑䣍Ṋ⿦ࡋࡓᕷẸᩘேࢆక䣬࡚Ⓩሙ䣎
54
ࡇࡇ࠿ࡽᩛࡣ⏫ࡢ୰࡟ㄏᑟࡉࢀࡓ䣎ࡔ࠿ࡽ࡝ࡇࡼࡾࡶࡲࡎࣇࣛ䣹ࢳ䣺ࢽࡢ
ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥ ぢᙇࡾࢆ❧࡚ࢁ䣎እ㛛࡟㓄ഛࡋࢁ 䣎
249
ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀
ᚰ㓄ࡍࡿ࡞䣎࠾ࢀ࡟ࡣ┿ᐇࢆ▱ࡿࡇ࡜ࡔࡅࡀၥ㢟࡞ࡢࡔ
࡜ゝ䣬ࡓࡌ䣭࡞࠸࠿䣎᎖ጊ࡟ື࠿ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡶᛮࢃ࡞࠸࡛ࡃࢀ䣎᎖ጊ࡜
㠀㞴ࡍࡿᶒ฼ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࡣୡ㛫࡛࠶䣬࡚䣍௰㛫ࡌ䣭࡞࠸䣎
ࡔࡀࡸࡘࡣ✺↛࠶࠿ࡽࡉࡲ࡟࠾ࢀ࡟⫼ࢆྥࡅ䣍ྠ᫬࡟࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢᐙ࡟ධ䣬࡚
ࡣㅬ⹫࡞ࡶࡢࡔࡀ䣍࠾ࢀࡣഫ៏࡞⏨ࡔ䣎㍍⶜ࡢឤ᝟ࡢ࡯࠺ࡀ៮ᝏࡼࡾ࠾ࢀ
ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀
࠸䣬ࡓ䣎
ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ∗ぶࡢ཭ே࡜ࡋ࡚࠾ࡲ࠼ࡣࡸࡘࢆ㏄࠼ࡓࡀ䣍ḟ࡟᮶ࡓ᫬
ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵࢔ ࠶ࡢ࠿ࡓࡣ∗ࡢ࠾཭ࡔࡕ࡛䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠿䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎
ࡼࡋ࡚ࡃࢀ䣎ࡍ࡭࡚ࡢഇၿ࡟࿚࠸࠶ࢀ䣎ࡉ࠶ゝ䣬࡚ࡳࢁ䣍࠶ࡢ࠿ࡓࢆ䣍ஸ
ࡕ࡞⨾ᚨࡢ㧗ࡳ࠿ࡽࡇࡢୡࢆ䣍࠾ࢀࢆ䣍ே㛫඲㒊ࢆぢࡉࡆࡿ࡞ࢇ࡚ࡇ࡜ࡣ
࡟ࡣࡼࡃศ࠿ࡿ䣎ࡔࡀ䣍ྠࡌḞⅬࢆ⬚ࡢ୰࡟㞃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡃࡏ࡟䣍࠺ࡑ䣬ࡥ
࡟ࡣ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢ཭ࡔࡕ࡟࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡓࢇࡌ䣭࡞࠸࠿䣎ࡑࡋ࡚࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡇࡢᐙ࡟
ࡃ࡞ࡽࢀࡓ཭ࢆឡࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓ࡜䣎࠶ࡢ࠿ࡓࢆឡࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓ䣍࠾㢦ࡀඃ
ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵࢔ ኤ᪉࡜࠾䣬ࡋ䣭䣬࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎ࡑࢀ࡟∗ࡀᅾᏯࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜
ࡁࡢࡳ࡛䣍୙ᅾࡢ࡜ࡁ࡟࠸ࡽࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡣ୍ᗘࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎
ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ࡔࡀ䣍࠾ࢀࡣ㐨ࡢྥࡇ࠺ഃ࡟䣍㟖࡜㞷࡟そࢃࢀ࡚❧䣬࡚
࠸࡚䣍ࡇࡇࡢ❆ࢆぢୖࡆ࡚࠸ࡓ䣎ᖾࡏ࡞⪅ࡓࡕࡢᙳࡀ⻍ࡢࡼ࠺࡟⾀⇵ࡢⅉ
࡛ࡋࡓ࠿ࡽ䣎࠶ࡢ࠿ࡓࢆឡࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡀ㤿㮵࡛ហ࠿࡛ᙅ࠿䣬ࡓ
࠿ࡽ䣎ゝ࠼ࡤゎᨺࡋ࡚ࡸࡿ䣎
ࡿࡢࡣ⚄࡜∗ࡢࡳ࡛ࡍ䣎
ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ࠺ࡲ࠸ࡒ䣍⤖ᵓࡔ䣎
䢣
࡞ࡽ࠶ࡢ⤮ࡣㄡࡔ䣎
䢣
࠾ࢀࡣ
ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵࢔ ࠶ࡢ࠿ࡓࢆឡࡋࡓࡇ࡜࡞࡝࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡢឡࢆཷࡅ
ࡾࡢ࿘ࡾࢆ㣕ࡧᅇ䣬࡚࠸ࡓ࡞䣎
ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵࢔ ࢃࡓࡋ࡟࡞࠾ࡶ࠶ࡢ࠿ࡓࡢṚࢆᛮ࠸ฟࡉࡏࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ࠿䣎
࡚࠸ࡿ⤮ࡣㄡࡢࡔ䣎ࣛࣥࣉࡢⅉࡾ࡟࡞ࡲࡵ࠿ࡋࡃ↷ࡽࡉࢀ࡚ࡿࡸࡘࡔ䣎࣋
ࡇࡢᐙࡢ㒊ᒇࢆࡼࡃ▱䣬࡚ࡿࢇࡔ䣎䥹⬥ᡬࢆ㛤࠸࡚䥺ࡑ䣬ࡕࡢቨ࡟࠿࠿䣬
ࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸䣎ఱࡼࡾࡶࡑ࠺࠾ࡲ࠼࡟ゝ࠸ࡓ࠸ࡀࡓࡵ࡟䣍ࡇࡇ࡟᮶ࡓ
ࣝࢪ䣼ࢪ䣼䤀ࢯࡢ⤮ࡌ䣭࡞࠸ࡢ࠿䣎ᑼᑿࢆᢲ࠼ࡓࡒ䣎
ࡑࢀࡣ࠾ࢀࡀࡸ䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ䣍࠾ࢀࡢࡓࡵ࡟ᐇ⾜
ࡢࡔ䣎ࣝࢫࣦ䣸࣒ࣝඖᖊࡣ࠾ࢀࡢ཭࡛࠶ࡾ䣍ᖌ࡛ࡶ࠶䣬ࡓࡀ䣍࠾ࢀࡣᙼࡢ
ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀
ࡋࡃⓑ࠿䣬ࡓࡢ࡛䣎࠶ࡢ࠿ࡓࢆឡࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓ䣍࠾ࡄࡋࡀ㤶Ἔࡢ࠸࠸ໝ࠸
ධࡾᾐ䣬࡚࠸ࡓ䣍᫨ࡶኪࡶ䣎
250
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ
≢⾜࡟ࡣࡲ䣬ࡓࡃ㛵ಀࡋ࡞࠿䣬ࡓ䣎႖ვ࠿㐟ࡧ࠿䣍ఱ࡞ࡢ࠿ࡣ▱ࡽࢇࡀ䣍
ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ࡔࡀ࣐ࢻࣥࢼࡼ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡣ♳⚳⏝ࡢ㊊ྎࢆࡑࡢ⤮ࡢࡍࡄ
ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵࢔ ∗ࡀ࠿ࡅࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎
㈗᪘ࡸ㌷ேࡀࡸࡿࡼ࠺࡟ᙼࡣࡸࡘࢆṇࠎᇽࠎ࡜ᡓ䣬࡚ಽࡋࡓ䣎ࡔࡀ࡝ࢇ࡞
㐠࿨ࡀ࠾ࢀࡢ཭࡟୚࠼ࡽࢀࡓ࠿▱䣬࡚࠸ࡿ࠿䣎ⓚᖇࡣබࡢᗈሙ࡛ᙼࡢ㤳࡜
ࡋ࠸ᜊேࡢ࠿ࡓࢃࡽ࡛࠾ࡲ࠼ࡣ࠾ࢀ࡜࠾ࢀࡢឡ᝟ࢆ➗࠺ࢇࡔ䣎࣋ࣝࢪ䣼ࢪ
๓࡟ࡸ䣬࡚䣍၁ࡀ♳ࡿ᫬䣍ᚰࡀ⪮ࡿᛮ࠸ฟ࡜ࡣ
⬗ࢆ┿䣬࡫ࡓࡘ࡟ࡉࡏࡓࡢࡔ䣎ࡍ࡭࡚ࡢẸࡢ๓࡛䣍࠾ࢀࡢ┠ࡢ๓࡛࡜ゝ䣬
䣼䤀ࢯ࡜ᡭࢆᥱ䣬࡚➗䣬࡚ࡓࡼ࠺࡟࡞䣎
⮬ศࡢ⪷ே࡜ᛮ䣬࡚ࡸࡘ࡟ຓࡅ࡚ࡶࡽ࠾࠺䣬࡚ࡢ࠿䣎䥹࣋ࣝࢺ࠿ࡽࣆ
ࢫࢺࣝࢆᢤࡁฟࡋ䣍㛤࠸ࡓࢻ࢔ࡢ࡯࠺࡟ྥࡅ࡚Ⓨ◙ࡍࡿ䥺ࡸࡘࡢ࠶࡜ࢆ㏣
䢣
ࡑ䣬ࡕ࡬⾜ࡃ࡞䣎ௐࡢഇၿ㔝㑻ࡢ⤮ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ࡬ࡣ⾜ࡃ࡞䣎ഇၿዪࡵ䣎
䣎࠾ࢀࡀṚࢇࡔࡽ䣍᪂
࡚ࡶ࠸࠸䣎࠶ࡢ᪥ࡢࡇ࡜ࢆᛮ࠺࡜䣍࠾ࢀࡢᚰࡣᛣࡾ࡛↻࠼ࡓࡂࡾ䣍⾑࡞ࡲ
䥹ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵࢔䣍㞄ࡢ㒊ᒇ࡟㏨ࡆࡿ䥺
䢣
ࡄࡉ࠸⪃࠼ࡀ┠ࢆぬࡲࡍ䣎࠶ࡢഇၿ⪅ࡢ⿬ษࡾ⪅ࡀ࠾ࢀࡢ๓࡟⌧ࢀࡓ࡞ࡽ䣍
ࡘ࠿
࠶ࡢ᫬ࡣఱࡶࡋ࡞࠿䣬ࡓࡀ䣍௒࡞ࡽࡓࡔ࡛ࡣ῭ࡲࡉࢇ䣎ࡸࡘࡢ⬚࡟๢ࢆ᯶
ࡲ࡛✺ࡁ่ࡋ࡚䣍࠶ࡢ᫬ࡢ⾪ᧁࡢ௦ൾࢆᡶࢃࡏ࡚ࡸࡿࡶࡢࢆ䣎
ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵࢔ ࠶࠶⚄ࡼ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࢆຓࡅ࡚ࡃࢀࡿேࡣ࠸࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺࠿䣎
‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
ග䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡢே⏕ࡢ᭱ᚋࡢ࠿ࡍ࠿࡞ගࡶ䣍ኪ᫂ࡅ๓࡟ᾘ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾ
࠾ࢀࡢᙳἲᖌ࡟ࡍࡂ࡞࠸䣎ࡋ࠿ࡶ䣍௒ࡣࡲࡔ࿨࡜࠸࠺ྡࡢᬯ㜌࡟ྥ࠿䣬࡚
ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀
ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵࢔ ࢃࡓࡋࡀഇၿ⪅ࡔ䣬ࡓࡇ࡜ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎
ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ࡞ࡽࡤ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡣഇၿ⪅࡞ࡢ࠿㸽
ࡑ࠺ࡔ䣎ᡓ㜚࡟ฟ࡚⾜ࡃ䣎ᡓṚࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣศ࠿䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ணឤ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ
࠸ே䣎࠾ࢀࡀ䣍ࡶ࠺ࡎ࠸ࡪࢇ๓ࡢࡇ࡜ࡔࡀ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࢆึࡵ࡚ぢࡓ࡜ࡁ䣍࠾
ᑡࡋࡣࡑ࠺ࡔ䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ䣍࡜ᛮ䣬࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢࡔ䣎࠸࡜ࡋ
ࡣ䣍㢪ᮃ࠿ࡽ⏕ࡲࢀࡿ࡜䣍ḭࡃࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠸䣎ࡇࡢⲨࢀࡍࡉࢇࡔୡࡢ୰࡛࠾
ࡲ࠼࡜࠸࠺எዪࡢ࠿ࡽࡔ࡟䣍࠶ࡽࡺࡿ⣧┿ࡉ࡜↓ᇈ࡜⨾ᚨࡀ୍య࡜࡞䣬࡚
㐣ཤࡢࡶࡢ䣍᳌࡟⣡ࡵ࡚ᇙⴿࡋࡓࡼ䣎ࡔ࠸ࡓ࠸ఱ࡞ࡢࡔ䣍ዪ࡜ࡣ䣎༙ศ㐟
ࢇ࡞ࡇ࡜ࡀၥ㢟࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎࠾ࢀࢆື࠿ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ᝟⇕ࡸ⇕࠸᝿࠸ࡣࡶ࠺
┠ࡢ๓࡟⌧ࢀ࡚ࡃࢀࡿࡢࡔ䣎ࡔ࠿ࡽ䣍ࡇࡢ᪑ேࡀ஧ᗘ࡜ᡠ䣬࡚ࡃࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ
ࡑࢀࢆክ࡟ぢࡿࡋ䣍ࡲࡓ䣍┠ࡀぬࡵࡿ࡜ྠࡌጼࡀ䣍᪥ࡢගࡀᕪࡍ࡜ྠ᫬࡟
ࡍࢀࡤ䣍ኪ䣍ඃࡋ࠸㠃ᙳࡢຊ࡟ໟࡲࢀ࡚╀ࡾ࡟ᑵࡃ⏨ࡣ䣍⮳⚟ࡢ㛗࠸ኪ࡟
࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮ䣬ࡓ䣎ࡶ࠺୍ᗘࡑ࠺࠸࠺ጼࢆぢࡏ࡚ࡃࢀ䣎ಙࡌࡉࡏ࡚ࡃࢀ䣎ࡑ࠺
ࡧ࡛༙ศᝏព࠿䣎࠾ࢀࡢ䣍ࡓ࠿ࡀ࠾ࢀ⛬ᗘࡢࡸࡘࡢᛮ࠸㎸ࡳḟ➨࡛䣍ࡓ࠸
࡞࠸᪑࡟䣍࠾ࡲ࠼⮬㌟ࡶฟ࠿ࡅ࡚࡯ࡋ࠸䣎ዪ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎ኳ౑࡞ࡢࡔ䣎࠾ࡲ
㟈࠼࡞࠸࡛ࡃࢀ䣎ࡇ
ࢀࡣ࡝࠺ࡋࡓࡽ࠸࠸ࡢࡔ䣎ហຎ࡜೧኱ࡢ㛫࡛ࡺࡀࢇࡔጼ䣍ࡑࢀࡀ࠾ࢀࡔ䣎
䢣
ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡟ࡶ䣍඲ࡃࡢ↓࡟ࡶ࡞ࡿࡢ࠿䣎ṇ⩏ࡸ୙ṇ䣍ᮏ㉁䣍⌧ᐇ࡞࡝ᵝࠎ
࠼ࡣឡࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ䣍ᓫᣏࡉࢀࡿࡢࡔ䣎
∗࡛࠶ࡿ⏨࡟ྰᐃࡉࢀ䣍ឡࡋࡓዪ࡟㍍⶜ࡉࢀࡓ䣎
࡟ື࠸࡚ࡺࡃୡࡢ୰ࡢࢤ䤀࣒ࡣⓙ䣍⬻ࡳࡑࡢ࠶ࡕࡇࡕࡢ㒊ᒇ࡟཰ࡵࡽࢀ࡚
࠸࡚䣍⬻ࡳࡑࡀዲࡁ຾ᡭ࡟ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡶࡢࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡋࡓࡾ䣍ᗫᲠࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿ䣎
ࡋ࡟ୗࡢୗࡲ࡛✺ࡁⴠ࡜ࡍࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎
䣎࠾ࡲ࠼ࡣ࠾ࢀࢆ✺䣬ࡥࡡ
ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵࢔ ヂࡶ࡞ࡋ࡟ୖࡢୖࡲ࡛ᣢࡕୖࡆ࡚࠾࠸࡚࠿ࡽ䣍ࡲࡓヂࡶ࡞
ಙ௮ࡢ␲ၥࡀࡶࡘࢀ䣍ࡑࢀ࡟ᠱ࿨࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ䣍᥈✲ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ぢ▱ࡽࡠேࡢ
䢣
ࡓ䣎࠾ࢀࡣ䣍࠸ࡃࡘࡶࡢḞⅬࢆ⮬ぬࡋ࡚⪏࠼ࡡࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠿䣬ࡓ䣎ࡔࡀ࠸࠸
ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ࠸ࡸ࠸ࡸ䣍ࡑ࠺࡛ࡣ࡞࠸
ศ࠿䣬ࡓࡢࡣ࢝ࢺࣜ䣹ࢡ࡜ࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࡢ࡝ࡕࡽࡶ᰿ᣐࡀ࡞ࡃ䣍↓ෆᐜ
࠿䣍ࡑࡇ࡟⏨ࡀ⌧ࢀࡓ䣎࣋ࣝࢪ䣼ࢪ䣼䤀ࢯ࡜࠸࠺ྡࡢ༝ຎ࡞ഇၿ⪅ࡔ䣎
ᡬࢆࡓࡓ࠸ࡓࡾ䣍ᮏࢆㄞࡳ䣍ேࡢヰ࡟⪥ࢆഴࡅ䣍ẚ㍑ࡋࡓࡾࡶࡋࡓ䣎ࡔࡀ
ࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡔ䣎ࡑࢇ࡞ᙳ⤮Ⱚᒃࡢ⤮ࢆ࡝ࡅ࡚ࡋࡲ࠼ࡤ䣍ṧࡿࡣⅉࡾࡔࡅ䣍
࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔ䣎ࡓ䣬ࡓࡦ࡜ࡘṧ䣬ࡓ᝟⇕ࡣ䣍▱ࡾࡓ࠸࡜࠸࠺㢪࠸ࡔ䣎࠾ࡲ࠼
ேᙧ㐵࠸ࡢࣛࣥࣉ࡛ࡋ࠿࡞࠸䣎ࡇ࠸ࡘࡀ࠸ࢁࢇ࡞⤮ࢆᮏ≀ࡽࡋࡃቨ࡟ᥥ࠸
ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵࢔ ࠶ࡢ࠿ࡓࢆㄡࡀ㠀㞴࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ࠿䣎
ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ࡸࡘࢆᘚㆤࡍࡿࡢ࠿䣎
ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵࢔
࡜࠸࠺ே㛫ࢆᩍ࠼࡚ࡃࢀ䣎ࡓࡔࡑࢀࡔࡅࡢࡓࡵ࡟᮶ࡓ䣎࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢୖ㎶࡛ࡣ
ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ࠾ࢀࡔ䣎ࡸࡘࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ▱䣬࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡞䣎
䣬࡚ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓ䣎
ࡸࡘࡣ࠾
ࢁࡸࡿ௰㛫ࡔ䣬ࡓ䣎ࡔࡀ䣍ࡸࡘࡀ࿌ࡆཱྀࡋࡓ࠾࠿ࡆ࡛䣍࠾ࢀࡣ∗ࡢឡࢆኻ
䣍ࡿ
䣍ࡔ䣬ࡓ䣎㠀㞴ࡉࢀ࡚ᙜ↛ࡢࡇ࡜ࡸ䣍㔝⻅࡞Ⲩ䣬ࡱ࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ࠸ࢁ࠸
ࢀ࡜ࡄ
䢣
ࡑࢇ࡞ゝࢃࢀ᪉ࢆࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞࠿ࡓ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎
࡞ࡃ䣍ఱ⪅࠿ࢆ▱ࡿࡓࡵ࡟䣎࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡶ䣍┿ᐇࡀࡓࡔࡦ࡜ࡘࡢᚨ࡛࠶ࡿࡼ
࠺࡟䣍ᝏᚨࡶࡓࡔࡦ࡜ࡘࡔࡅ࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽࡔ䣍ഇၿ࡜࠸࠺䣎
࡟ࡍࢇࡔ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎
ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵࢔ 㞃ࢀࡶ࡞࠸ྡኌࡀ࠶ࢀࡤ䣍࠶ࡢ࠿ࡓࡶࡑࢇ࡞ᡭ㛫ࢆྲྀࡽࡎ
ᐃࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜䣎
࡞࠸࠿࡜䣎ࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࡢ⚄ࡣ䣍࠶࡞ࡓࡢ┿ᐇ࡟ㅫࡽࢀࢀࡤ࠶࡞ࡓࡢ┿ᐇࢆྰ
⪅ࡶ䣍⚄⪷࡟ࡋ࡚೧኱࡞⚄࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶ⏽ᩗࡢẼᣢࡕࡣ⾲ࡍࡢ࡛ࡣ
ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵࢔ ࡛ࡍࡀ䣍ࢃࡓࡋ࡟ࡣᛮࢃࢀࡲࡍ䣍࠶࡞ࡓࡢ࠾䣬ࡋ䣭ࡿഇၿ
251
࡟ὶࢀ㎸ࢇ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ䣎
ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ ⓙ䣍ࡇࡇ࡟㞟ࡲࢀ䣎ᣢࡕࡇࡓ࠼ࢁ䣎ࡇࡢ⏫࡟ࡣ⏨ࡀ࠸䣬ࡥ࠸࠸
ᕷẸ ࠶䣬䣍࠶ࡑࡇ࡟රࡀ᮶ࡲࡋࡓ䣎
ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ 䥹ยࢆᢤ࠸࡚䥺࡞ࡽࡤṊჾࢆྲྀࢀ䣎
࠺࡟⾜ࡃ㝵ẁࢆ୕㝵ࡲ࡛᪼䣬࡚䣍ࣂࣝࢥࢽ䤀࡟ฟࢀࡤ䣍࠶ࡢዪࡢ㒊ᒇࡔ䣎
ࡢ⿬ᡭࡢቨ࡟ࡶ࠺ࡦ࡜ࡘ㛛ࡀ࠶䣬࡚䣍ෆ㒊࡟㏻ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡑࡇ࠿ࡽᗞࡢ࡯
࡛䥺ᚅ࡚䣍㡢ࢆ❧࡚ࡿ࡞䣎ࡇࡢᐙࡢ㐀ࡾࡣ๓ࠎ࠿ࡽศ࠿䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡴࡇ࠺
࠾ࢀࢆ㥏┠࡟ࡋࡓ࠶ࡢዪ࡟ࡦ࡜ࡇ࡜࡛ࡶゝࢃࡡࡤ䣎䥹ᩘேࡀᡬ࡟㏆࡙ࡃࡢ
ࡿࡢࡔ䣎ྛேࡀࡍ࡭ࡁࡇ࡜ࢆࡋ࡚䣍┐䣬ே࡝ࡶ࡟᮶ࡓࡇ࡜ࢆᚋ᜼ࡉࡏ࡚ࡸ
ࡑ䣬ࡕ࠿ࡽධ䣬࡚ࡳࡼ࠺䣎ධཱྀࢆぢᙇ䣬࡚ࡃࢀ䣎
ࡣ࡝࠺࡛ࡶ࠸࠸䣎࠾ࢀࢆẅࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿࡸࡘࢆ཭࡜࿧ࡰ࠺䣎ࡔࡀࡑࡢ๓࡟䣍
ࢀ䣎䥹⮬ศࡢᐙ࡟ྥ࠿䣬࡚䥺ࡑࡢ㛫ࡣ࠾ࡲ࠼ࢆ⚄ࡢಖㆤ࡟ጤࡡࡼ࠺䣎ᕷẸ
䥹඲ဨ䣍ᐙࡢ⫼ᚋ࡟㏥ሙ䥺
ࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸䣎
࠶ࡢゅ࡟⛣ືࡔ䣎㌟ࢆ㞃ࡏࡿ䣎ᩛࡀ๓㐍ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡽ䣍⬥࠿ࡽく࠸࠿࠿ࢀ䣎
䥹ⓙ䣍ᚋ㏥ࡍࡿ䥺
䥹࣓ࣛ䤀኱బ䣍රኈᩘྡࢆక䣬࡚Ⓩሙ䥺
ࡢᡬ䣎ࡑࡢ࠺ࡕࡦ࡜ࡘࡣ࢞ࣛࢫᡞ࡛䣍ࣂࣝࢥࢽ䤀࡟㏻ࡌࡿ䣎
ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉࡢᐙࡢ୍ᐊ䣎ୗᡭ࡟❆䣎ࡑࡢྥ࠿࠸ഃ࡟ᡬ䣎ᚋᬒ࡟ࡉࡽ࡟ࡩࡓࡘ
ࡢ➃ࡃࢀ࡞ࡽ䣍⏫඲యࡀ༴ᛴᏑஸࡢ࡜ࡁ࡟䣍⮬ศࡔࡅࡢᚰ㓄ࡈ࡜ࡣᛀࢀࡡ
252
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ
࣓ࣛ䤀 䥹රኈࡽࡢ࠺ࡕ䣍㖠ࢆᧁࡕ㬆ࡽࡍ⪅ࡓࡕ࡟䥺ᧁࡘࡢࡣࡸࡵࢁ䣎ᐷ࡚
ࡇ࡞࠸䣎㖠ኌ䣍ྉࡧኌ䣍๢ᡎࡢ㡢䣎࡞ࡢ࡟∗ࡉࢇࡣ⮬ศࡢᏊࡀᅔ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ
ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵࢔ 䥹ୗᡭࡢ⬥ᡬ࠿ࡽฟ࡚ࡃࡿ䥺ኪࡀ᫂ࡅࡿ䣎∗ࡉࢇࡣᖐ䣬࡚
࠸ࡿẸࢆ㉳ࡇࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺䣎ᩛ࡟ወくࢆ࠿ࡅ䣍⾑ࢆὶࡉࡎ࡟຾ࡘࡇ࡜ࢆ኱බ
ࡢ࡟䣍⨨ࡁཤࡾ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡺࡃ䣎඲ࡃ䣍⏨ࡢேࡢෑ㝤ᚰ䣬ࡓࡽ䣎ᅜࡢࡓࡵ䣍ࡳ
Ẋୗࡣ࠾ᮃࡳ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎
ᶫࡣ༨ᣐࡋࡓ䣎ࡑ䣬ࡕ࡟⾜ࡃࡒ䣎
䥹ࡣࡿ࠿ᙼ᪉࡛ࣛ䣹ࣃࡢ㡢䥺
ᪧᕷ⾤ࡀᡭ࡟ධࢀࡤ䣍ࣉࣛࣁࡣࡇ䣬ࡕࡢࡶࡢࡔ䣎
ᕝ࡟⣲᪩ࡃ㥑ࡅࡘࡅ䣍ᶫࢆ༨ᣐࡋ䣍㛤࠸࡚࠸ࡿ㛛࠿ࡽධ䣬࡚⾜ࡃࡢࡔ࠿ࡽ䣎
࠶ࡲࡾཝࡋࡃᨷᧁࡍࡿ࡞䣎࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡶ㥽ර㝲ࡀᩛࡢ⿬ࢆ࠿࠸࡚ࣔࣝࢲ࢘
䥹ࣂࣝࢥࢽ䤀ࡢ࢞ࣛࢫᡞࡀ㛤࠸࡚䣍ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀䣍⌧ࢀࡿ䥺
䣬࡜㌟ࢆ⩻ࡋ࡚䥺≀㡢䣍∗ࡉࢇࡢ࠾ᖐࡾ࠿ࡋࡽ䣎
䣬࡚䥺㟼࠿࡟࡞䣬ࡓ䣎ࢶ䣵ࢫ࢝ᒣ࠿ࡽⓑࠎ࡜ගࡀ䣍ࡶ࠺᪥ࡢฟ࡞ࡢࡡ䣎
䥹ࡉ
ࡽ䣎ᚰ⮚ࡀࡇࡢ⬚ࢆ࡝ࡁ࡝ࡁ㬆ࡽࡋ࡚䣍㐪࠺䣍࡜ゝ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎䥹❆㝿࡟ᐤ
᭱㧗䣬࡚ゝ࠼ࡿࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡋࡓࡽ䣍ࡑࢀࡣ୍␒㌟㏆࡞ࡶࡢࡌ䣭࡞࠸࠿ࡋ
ࢇ࡞ࡢᖾࡏࡢࡓࡵ࡞ࢇ࡚ゝ䣬࡚䣍࡛ࡶࡑࡢᐇ䣍㐲ࡃ࡟⾜ࡁࡓ࠸ࡔࡅ࡞ࡢࡼ䣎
䥹රኈࡓࡕ࡜ୖᡭ࡟㏥ሙ䣎ᡓ㜚ࡢࡊࢃࡵࡁࡀ⪺ࡇ࠼ࡿ䥺
䥹ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀䣍⬗╔ࢆࡘࡅ䣍↓ᖗ࡛Ⓩሙ䣎රኈᩘྡ࡟ᅖࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䥺
ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ࡇࡢᐙ࡟ᖾከ࠿ࡽࢇࡇ࡜ࢆ䣎
ࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ཝࡋ࠸ᣊ␃࠿ࡽゎᨺࡋ࡚ࡃࢀ࡚ឤㅰࡍࡿ䣎࠾ࢀࡀᣊ␃ࡉࢀࡓࡢ
ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵࢔ ࠶࠶䣍࡝࠺ࡋࡼ࠺䣍ࡇࢀࡇࡑ୙ᖾࡢ㢢ࡔࢃ䣎
࡚ࡶ࠸ࡿ䣎࠿ࡘ࡚࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢࡓࡵ࡟⇞࠼ࡉ࠿ࡿ⅖ࡔ䣬ࡓࡀ䣍௒ࡣṧࡾࡢ⅊࡟
ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ࠸࡜ࡋ࠸ே䣍㦫ࡃ࡞䣎࠾ࢀࡣ࠾ࢀࡔࡀ䣍࠾ࢀ࡛࡞ࡃ࡞䣬
䥹ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉࡢᐙࢆᣦࡉࡍ䣎ࡑࡢ㝵ୖ࡟ࡣ᫂࠿ࡾࡀࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࡿ䥺࠾ࢀࡣ࠾
ࡍࡂ࡞࠸䣎࡝ࢇ࡞࡟⇕࠿䣬ࡓ࠿ぬ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡔࢁ࠺䣎௒ࡢ࠾ࢀࡣ䣍࠿ࡘ࡚ࡢ
ࡣ䣍ࡇࡢᐙࡢୖ࡛╀ࡽࡎ࡟࠸ࡿዪࡢࡇ࡜࡛ゝ࠸ࡀ࠿ࡾࢆࡘࡅࡽࢀࡓ࠿ࡽࡔ䣎
ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ᡓࢆࡋ䣍๢ࢆ஺࠼䣍Ṛࡠࡘࡶࡾࡔ䣎ㄡࡀ࿡᪉࡛ㄡࡀᩛ࠿
‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
࡚࡚ࡋࡲࢃࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡔ䣎
࣓ࣛ䤀 䥹Ẹ⾗ࢆᣦࡋ♧ࡋ࡚䥺Ẋ䣍࠾ጼࢆ⌧ࡉࢀ࡚ࡣ㸽
ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ ࢃࡓࡋࢆ▱ࡽࡋࡵࡼ࠺䣎䥹ຊᙉ࠸㊊ྲྀࡾ࡛ୖᡭ࡟㏥ሙࡋࡘࡘ䥺
ࡇࡢ࠿ࡓࢆ㜼ࡵ䣎
᪂ࡓ࡟ᨷࡵ㎸ࡴ࡟ࡣ䣍᪂ࡋ࠸᪉ἲࡀ࠸ࡿ䣎᪂ࡋ࠸࡜ࡣゝ䣬࡚ࡶ䣍
ྂ࠸ࡶࡢࡢࡇ࡜࡛ࡋ࠿࡞࠸ࡀ䣎ࡕ䣯䣬࡜ࡋࡓ᢬ᢠ࡟ࡶᲲࡣḟࠎ࡟☻⁛ࡋ࡚
䥹࣓ࣛ䤀䣍୧⪅ࡢ㛫࡟๭ࡾ㎸ࡴ䥺
ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥ
ࡺࡃࡶࡢ䣎ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢ⋤ෙࢆዣ࠸ྜ࠺⪅ࡓࡕࡣ䣍⿢ุࡢཎ࿌࡜⿕࿌࡜ྠᵝ䣍
࡜ࡶ࡟㈋ࡋࡃ࡞ࡾ䣍ࢃࢀࢃࢀ⿢ุᐁ࡜ᘚㆤኈࡤ࠿ࡾࡀ㇏࠿࡟࡞ࡿ䣎
䥹⯙ྎ
࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ⶸ࠸ࡢ୰㌟ࡣ࠶ࡽࢃ࡟◚⁛ࡢ໬㌟࡜࡞䣬࡚䣍࠾ࡢࡀ㐨ࢆ⾜ࡃ䣎
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࡉࢀࡤ䣍ࡇࡢୡࡶᮎࡔ䣎䥹࣐ࣥࢺࢆⴠ࡜ࡋ࡚䥺ⶸ࠸ࡣᆅ࡟ⴠࡕ
⿇ࢆᣦࡋ࡚䥺Ẹ⾗ࢆ࠿ࡁศࡅ䣍ࡑࡇࢆ⾜ࡃࡢࡣࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝྖᩍ䣎᪼ࡿኴ㝧
䥹ࡑࡢ㛫䣍ᚋᬒ࡛㌷᪝ࡸኳ⵹ࢆ࠿ࡘ࠸࡛ᕷཧ஦఍ࡀ⾜㐍ࢆ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ䥺
ࣦ䣵ࣦ䣴䤀ࢺ
୓ ṓ 䣍࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ㸟 ᕷཧ஦఍䣍୓ṓ 㸟
53
‒
ᕷẸࡓࡕ䣍㏨ࡆ࡞ࡀࡽⓏሙ䣎
ኌࡀ⪺ࡇ࠼ࡿ䣎
➨୍ᖥෑ㢌࡜ྠࡌ䣍ࣉࣛࣁ䣍࣐ࣛ䤀࣭ࢫࢺࣛࢼᗈሙ䣎㆙㚝ࡀ㬆ࡽࡉࢀࡿ䣎㖠
➨ᅄᖥ
ࡿ䥺
䥹ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබࡀᡭ࡛┠ࢆⶸ࠸䣍ⱞࡋࡆ࡟┠ࢆࡑࡴࡅࡿ࠺ࡕ࡟䣍ᖥࡀ㝆ࡾ
Ẹ⾗
࡟ࡣᩗពࢆᡶ࠾࠺䣎
ࢩ䣻ࣜ䣹ࢡ ᙼࡣ≾࠸ே㛫ࡔࡒ䣎
ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥ ࢃࡋࡶ㈇ࡅࡣࡏࢇ䣎
䥹ᙼࡽ䣍Ẹ⾗ࡢ୰࡟⣮ࢀ࡚ࡺࡃ䣎Ẹ⾗ࡣᐈᖍ࡟⫼ࢆྥࡅ࡚䣍ཝ࠿࡞ࣃࣞ䤀
ࢻࢆᚅࡕཷࡅࡘࡘ䣍ᚋᬒ࡟ᢲࡋᐤࡏࡿ䥺
䥹ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ኱බ࡜࣓ࣛ䤀኱బ䣍࡜ࡶ࡟࣐ࣥࢺࢆ╔࡚䣍ୗᡭ๓ᬒ࡟⌧ࢀ
ࡿ䣎ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබ䣍ᙼࡽࡢ࠶࡜ࢆ㏣䣬࡚ࡃࡿ䥺
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ㏨ࡀࡋࡲࡏࢇࡒ䣎㝎ୗࡢチ࡟࠾ᡠࡾࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎
ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ ࢃࡓࡋ࡟ࡣ㝎ୗࡢ㧗㑌࡞ࡈពᛮࢆグࡋࡓ⣬ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࡇࢀ
ࢆᛅᐇ࡟ᐇ⾜ࡍࡿࡢࡀࢃࡓࡋࡢົࡵ࡛ࡍ䣎
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࡼࡑࡢᅜ࡛ເ䣬ࡓරࢆࡇࡇ࡟⋡࠸࡚ࡇࡽࢀࡓ࡞ࡽ䣍᪂ࡓ࡟ེ஘
ࡀ⇍ࡋ䣍ⓚᖇ࡟ᩛࡍࡿ⪅ࡓࡕࡣ䣍ࡇࢀࢆᶵ࡟㏣࠸ⴠ࡜ࡋࢆㅛࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡋ䣯
࠺䣎ࡶ࠺ᡭ㐜ࢀ࡛ࡍ䣎
ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ ๓࡟ࡣ᪩ࡍࡂࡿ࡜ゝࢃࢀࡲࡋࡓ䣎₻᫬ࡣ࠸ࡘ࡛ࡍ䣎
ᐤࡏࡲࡋࡓ䣎⏚ࡢࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ኱බࡀᣦ᥹ᐁ࡛ࡍ䣎
୍ᕷẸ ㏨ࡆࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣍ࡈ㞄ே䣎ࣃ䣹ࢧ࢘ࡢර㝲࡛ࡍ䣎ⓚᖇࡀࢃࡀᅜ࡟࿧ࡧ
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ 䥹ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺࢆᤕࡲ࠼࡚䥺࠶࡞ࡓࢆ㞳ࡋࡲࡏࢇ䣎ᤕࡲ࠼ࡓࡲ
ࡲ࠾㢪࠸࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍ䣎࠾ᡠࡾࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎
ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ 䥹⮬ᐙ࠿ࡽฟ࡚᮶ࡿ䥺ఱࡈ࡜ࡔ䣎࡝࠺ࡋࡓࡢࡔ䣎
ᕷẸ ࡈᏑࡌ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎ࣃ䣹ࢧ࢘㌷࡛ࡍ䣎
ࡀ࣏ࢸࣃࣝᐙ࡛ࡸ䣬ࡓࡼ࠺࡟ 䣍࠶࡞ࡓ࡟࣐ࣥࢺࢆṧࡋ࡚ᕪࡋ࠶ࡆࡿࡀ䣍
ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ ࡔࡀ䣍ࡇࡢ⏫ࡣᏲࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿䣎
ࢃࡓࡋ⮬㌟ࡣ࠾᩿ࡾࡋࡲࡍ䣎
52
ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ 䥹࣐ࣥࢺࢆ⬺ࡄ䣎ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබࡢᡭ࡟࣐ࣥࢺࡀṧࡿ䥺ࣚࢭࣇ
253
ᕷẸ ᙼࡽࡢࡓࡵ࡟ᒣୖࡢࣇࣛ䣹ࢳ䣺ࢽࡢ㛛ࡀ㛤ࡅࡽࢀࡓࡢ࡛䣍㒊㝲ࡀ⾤୰
䥹ⓚᖇࡢᐁᡣᐊ࡛࣋ࣝࡀ㬆ࡿ䥺
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࡇࢀࡣࡋࡓࡾ䣎⚄ࡼ䣍஦ࡢᡂࡾ⾜ࡁࢆぢࡑ࡞ࢃࡋ⤥࠼䣎
䥹ୗᡭࡢ⬥ᡬ࠿ࡽ࣓ࣛ䤀኱బࡀฟ࡚ࡃࡿ䥺
ࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠸䣎ࡇࡢỴ᩿ࡀ෭ࡵࡠ࠺ࡕ䣍ᬮ࠿࠸࠺ࡕ࡟㣗䣬࡚ࡋࡲࢃࡡࡤ䣎
࣓ࣛ䤀䣍ࡉ࠶㤿ࡔ䣎䥹࣐ࣥࢺࢆᣠ࠸ୖࡆࡿ䥺ࡇࡢᆅ࡛ࡣ䣍Ỵ᩿࡯࡝኱ษ࡞
䥹ࣦ䣸ࣝࣇ࢞ࣥࢢ࣭ࣝࣥࣉ䣍ᐁᡣᐊ࡟ධࡿ䥺
ࣝࣥࣉࡢኌ 䥹ᐁᡣࡢ୰࡛䥺኱බẊୗ㸟
ࡋ࡚䣍Ṥ࡝౲⶜࡟ࡉ࠼⪺ࡇ࠼ࡿࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ሗ࿌ࢆࡍࡿࡢ࡟䣍㈗Ẋࡼࡾ࡯࠿
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ 䥹ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ࡟㏆࡙࠸࡚䥺Ẋୗ㸟
࡟㐺ᙜ࡞⪅ࡣ࠸࡞࠿䣬ࡓࡢ࠿䣎
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡑࢀࡣࡶࡋ࠿ࡋࡲࡍ࡜䣍ࢃࡓࡃࡋࡢࡳࡣ㜿ㅀ㏣ᚑࢆࡴࡡ࡜ࡍࡿ
䥹ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ኱බ࡜࣓ࣛ䤀䣍ୗᡭࡢ⬥ᡬ࠿ࡽ㏥ሙ䥺
ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ ࡝࠺ࡸࡽ䣍ࡣࡸ䣍ᚋ᜼ࡀጞࡲ䣬ࡓࡼ࠺ࡔ䣎㏨ࡆࡼ࠺䣎
ᘐ⮧࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ䣍୙᩿࠿ࡽᛮ࠺࡜ࡇࢁࢆ┤ᡖ࡟⏦ࡍࡺ࠼࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋ䣯࠺䣎
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ↓㐲៖ࡀᚲࡎࡋࡶᐇ┤࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡣ㝈ࡽࢇࡀ䣎
ࣝࣥࣉ 䥹ᐁᡣᐊ࠿ࡽฟ࡚ࡁ࡞ࡀࡽ䥺㝎ୗࡣ௒୍ᗘ䣍Ẋୗ࡜ヰࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ
࠾ᮃࡳ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡶ࠺ࡦ࡜ࡇ࡜௮ࡏࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎
ࢆᙉ໬ࡋ࡚⒵ࡍ⸆࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍ࡞䣎ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟஦ែࡀ⃭ኚࡍࡿࡇ
ࣝࣥࣉ Ẋࡣື᝘ࡀጞࡲࡿ࡜䣍ࡈ⮬ศࢆᢚ࠼ࡽࢀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ⾜䣬࡚ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓࡼ䣎
࡜ࡀ䣍ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ἞⒪ࡔ䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࢃࡓࡃࡋࡢゝ࠸ศࢆ⪺࠸࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡅࢀ
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ Ẋୗࡢ࠶࡜ࢆ㏣࠺࡜ࡋࡼ࠺䣎༴㞴ࡀ⩼ࢆ୚࠼࡚ࡃࢀࡿ࠿ࡽ䣍ᆅ
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡞ࡽࡤࡑࢀࡀⱞ࠸ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࡋ࡚ࡶ䣍㛗ࡽࡃ⏑ࡸ࠿ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ⫶
ࡤ䣍᭱ᚋ࡟ࡣ࠾ศ࠿ࡾ࡟࡞ࡿ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎⁒ࢀࡿ⪅ࡢ㧥ࢆᦨࡴ⪅ࡣ䣍ᩆ䣬ࡓ
ࢆ㏺ࢃࡎ࡟㣕ࢇ࡛⾜ࡃࡒ䣎◚⁛ࡀ┠ࡢ๓࡟࠾ࡒࡲࡋ࠸ጼࢆ᭚ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡽ
ࡢ࡛࠶䣬࡚౲㎯ࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎
࡟ࡣ䣎
䥹ୗᡭࡢ⬥ᡬࢆ㏻䣬࡚኱බࢆ㏣࠺䥺
බ∖࡝ࡢࡢ࡯࠺
㤿࡟ࡶ஌ࡽ࡞࠸࠺ࡕ࡟䣍∦ࡣࡘࡃ䣎䥹ᐁᡣᐊ࡟ධࡿ䥺
➼᪘ࡢ୕ேࡢ௦⾲⪅䣍ୗᡭ࠿ࡽⓏሙ䣎
ࣉࣛࣁ䣍࣐ࣛ䤀࣭ࢫࢺࣛࢼᗈሙ䣎Ẹ⾗ࡀ⫼ᬒࢆᇙࡵ࡚ᵝࠎ࡞ືࡁࢆぢࡏࡿ䣎
ࡀ䣎
䢣
ࣝࣥࣉ 䥹ᐁᡣᐊ࡟㏆࡙ࡁ࡞ࡀࡽ䥺㐃ࢀᡠࡉࢀࡿ࡜ࡶ䣎
䢣
䥹ࣝࣥࣉ䣍ᐁᡣᐊ࠿ࡽᡠ䣬࡚ࡃࡿ䥺
ࣝࣥࣉ ⓚᖇ㝎ୗࡣ࠾ᛣࡾ࡟࡞䣬࡚䣍㈗Ẋࡀᖐࡽࢀ䣍㝎ୗࡢ࠿ࢇࡤࡏ࠿ࡽ㐲
ࡊ࠿䣬࡚ฎ⨩ࢆᚅ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡜࠾࿨ࡌ࡟࡞䣬࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎࠸ࡘ㈗Ẋ࡟
༴㝤ࡀ㏕ࡿ࠿ศ࠿䣬ࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡞ࡽࡤᖐࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࢃࡓࡃࡋࡣㅮ࿴ࢆ࠾ఏ࠼ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ᛮ䣬࡚࠸ࡓ
ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎៮ࡋࡳࢆ㑅ࡤࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡓࡽ䣍ᶒຊࢆồࡵࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡍ䣎ࢃࡓ
ࡃࡋ࡟⬣ጾ࡜࡞ࡿ⨩ࡣࡲࡔࡎ䣬࡜ඛࡢࡇ࡜࡛ࡋ䣯࠺࠿ࡽ䣍ࡑࢀࡲ࡛ࢃࢀࢃ
ࢀࡣሗ࠸ࢆᴦࡋࡴࡇ࡜࡟ࡋࡲࡍ䣎
䥹ཤࡿ䥺
ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥ఑∖ እ࡟ฟ࡚䣍኱බẊୗ ࡟ࡈᣵᣜ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡼ࠺䣎ᪧᕷ⾤ࡢᕷཧ
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ᐁᡣᐊࡢኌࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞䣬࡚ࡁࡓ࡞䣎୰࡟ධ䣬࡚䣍ヰࡢ㑧㨱ࢆࡋ࡚
ࡳ࡚ࡃࢀ䣎࡝࠺ࡶヰࡢ୰㌟࡜⤖ᮎࡀᚰ㓄࡟࡞䣬࡚ࡁࡓ䣎
䥹ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ኱බࡀᐁᡣᐊ࠿ࡽฟ࡚᮶ࡿ࡜䣍༶ᗙ࡟ࣝࣥࣉࡀ୰࡟ධࡿ䥺
஦఍ࡀ࠾㏄࠼ࡍࡿ‽ഛࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡉ࠶䣍ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡶ୍⥴࡟ࡲ࠸ࢁ࠺䣎ఱ
ࡣ࡜ࡶ࠶ࢀẊୗࡣᩆ῭⪅࡟ࡋ࡚ゎᨺ⪅࡞ࡢࡔ࠿ࡽ䣎
࠸ㄵ࠸ࡢ✀ࡀᶒຊ࡟฿㐩ࡋࡓࡽ䣍ࡇࢀࡲ࡛࠿ࡪ䣬࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡓ௬㠃ࢆ⬺ࡂᤞ
ࢩ䣻ࣜ䣹ࢡ ࡓࡔ䣍ᠱᛕࡉࢀࡿࡢࡣ䣍Ẋୗࡢࡈᚰ୰࡟ࡣࡧࡇࡾ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿྂ
ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ 䥹୍ᯛࡢ⣬ࢆ㧗ࠎ࡜ᥖࡆ䥺ࡸ䣬ࡓ䣍ࡸ䣬ࡓࡒ㸟
51
254
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ
‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
⏨ࡓࡕࡢ୰࡟ࡣ୍㛝ࡢⅆⰼࡶ࠶䣬ࡓࡋ䣍ᙼࡽࡢ║ᕪࡋ࡟⚾฼⚾ḧࡸ௚ேࡢ
䢣
ࡃ
∗ୖ㸟䥹ᐁᡣᐊ࡟ࡉ䣬࡜ධࡾ㎸ࡴ䣎ᙼࡀධ䣬ࡓ࠶࡜ᡬࡀ㛢ࡲࡿ䥺
ࢆởࡉࢀࡓ࡜࠸࠺࠾Ẽᣢࡕ࡟䣍ࡑࡋ࡚ࡲࡓ䣍⯆ዧࡍࡿ࡜ᵓࢃࡎ࡝ࢇ࡞ឤ᝟
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ 䥹ᡭࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡚䥺࠶࠶䣍࡝࠺࠿䣍ᜟࡳࡢ࠾Ẽᣢࡕ࡟䣍ጾཝ
┦ᑐᓖࡋ䣍⫼ಙ⾜Ⅽࢆ║ຊ࡛ᢚ࠼㎸ࢇ࡛ࡸࡾࡓ࠸䣎
࡟ࡶኚࢃ䣬࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࠾Ẽᣢࡕ䣍㡹ᅛࡉ࠿ࡽ⏑ࡉ࡬䣍ぶឡࡢ᝟࠿ࡽᛣࡾ࡬࡜
୙㐠ࢆ႐ࡪẼᣢࡕ௨ୖࡢࡶࡢࡶ࠶䣬ࡓࡀ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣ௒࠿ࡽᡓࡢᗞ࡛ᙼࡽ࡟
䥹ୗᡭࡢ⬥ᡬࡀ㛤ࡁ䣍ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ኱බࡀ㯮࠸࣐ࣥࢺ࡟㌟ࢆໟࢇ࡛⌧ࢀࡿ䥺
ኚࢃ䣬࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࠾Ẽᣢࡕ࡟㝎ୗࡀࢃࢀࢆᛀࢀ࡚䣍⾜ືࢆ㉳ࡇࡍ࡜࠸࠺᭱ᝏ
ᶵࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣍᚟ㆶࡣ⏑⨾࡛࠶ࡾ䣍ᡓ࠸ࡣṇᙜࡔ࡜࡞䣎ࢃࡀᏊࡼ䣍ࡶ࠺㐜࠸
ࡔࢁ࠺䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡢᙺ࡟❧ࡓࡏࡼ࠺࡜ເ䣬ࡓ㌷㝲ࡀࡶ࠺ࡦ࡜ࡘࣃ䣹ࢧ࢘࡟ᚅ
ࣝࣥࣉ ࠶ࡢ࠿ࡓࢆ㏣࠸㏉ࡍࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁࡲࡏࢇ䣎
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ௒ࡣ࠸࠿ࢇ䣍௒ࡤ࠿ࡾࡣ࡞ࡽࢇ䣎
ࣝࣥࣉ 䥹ᡞཱྀ࠿ࡽᐊෆ࡟ྥ࠿䣬࡚ゝ࠺䥺ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝྖᩍ࡝ࡢ࡟ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎
ࡢࡔ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡣࡑ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽࡎ䣍ࡲࡓ䣍ࡑ࠺ࡍࡿẼࡶ࡞࠸䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡣᙅ
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ 䥹ධ䣬࡚ࡁ࡚䥺ࡑ࠺࡛ࡍ࡜ࡶ䣍඲ࡃࡑࡢ࡜࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍ䣎
ࡔࡀ䣍ᾘ
ࡑ࠺ࡽ䣍ㄏᝨ⪅ࡀ᮶ࡓࡒ䣎࠿ࢃ࠸࠸ࢃࡓࡋࡢࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ䣎
ࡢ㑅ᢥ࡟ࡈྠព࡞ࡉ䣬ࡓࡾࡋࡲࡏࢇࡼ࠺࡟䣎ࡶ࠺㐜ࡍࡂࡿࡢࡔ࠿ࡽ䣎
䢣
࠼࡚ࡃࢀ䣎ࡇࡸࡘࡣࢃࡓࡋࡢᚰ࠿ࡽᮃࡴ࡜ࡇࢁࢆࡸ䣬࡚ࡃࢀࡿ䣎ࡇ࠺ゝ࠺
⭜ࡔ࡜ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ᡓ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣࡑࡢ㏻ࡾࡔࡀ䣍㏨ࡆࡿࡓࡵ࡞ࡽࡲࡔຊ
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ 䥹ᙼࡢ࡯࠺࡬Ṍࡳᐤࡾ䣍ኌࢆࡦࡑࡵ࡚䥺㈗Ẋࡣ䣍㈗Ẋࡢᛅ࿌ࡺ
࠼࡟඗ᘵத࠸ࢆ㉳ࡇࡋࡓࡲࡉ࡟ࡇࡢ㒊ᒇ࡛ࢃࡊࢃࡊ
䢣
ࡣ༑ศ࠶ࡿ䣎ㄏᝨ⪅ࡼ䣍❧ࡕཤࢀ䣍ࡓ࡜࠸䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡀⓒಸࡶࢃࡓࡋࡢᜥᏊ
䥹࣐ࣥࢺࢆ⬺ࡂᤞ࡚࡚䥺఑∗ୖ䣍Ẋ䣎䥹ᐁᡣᐊࡢࢻ࢔ࡢ
࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࡜䣎
䥹ᛴ࠸࡛ୖᡭࡢᐁᡣᐊ࡟ධ䣬࡚⾜ࡃ䥺
ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ኱බ
ᡤ࡛䥺㘽ࢆ࠾᥃ࡅ࡟࡞䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ࠿䣎
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࢃࡓࡋࡣࢃࡀ୺ྩࡢጤクࢆཷࡅ࡚ࡲ࠸䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ㈗Ẋ࡟఍࠼࡜䣍㝎ୗ࡟ᙉせࡍࡿࡘࡶࡾ࠿䣎
ࡓጤクࡣࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛䣍ᣄ⤯ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࡽ䣍㏥ᩓ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍ䣎࡛ࡍࡀ࠾
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡵ䣬ࡑ࠺ࡶ࡞࠸䣎࠾┠㏻ࡾࢆ࠾㢪࠸࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡢཷࡅ
㑧㨱ࡋ࡟᮶ࡠࡼ࠺࡟䣎
ྲྀḟࡂࡣࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࡒ䣎䥹ୗᡭ๓ᬒ࡟⭜ࢆୗࢁࡍ䥺
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබ 䥹ࣝࣥࣉ࡟䥺እ࡟ฟ࡚䣍ᡬࡢ๓࡛ᚅᶵࡋ࡚࠸ࢁ䣎వィ࡞⪅ࡀ
䥹ࣝࣥࣉ䣍㏥ᐊࡍࡿ䥺
ࡲࢃࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ࠿䣎ࡼࢁࡋ䣮࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ࠿䣍㌷㝲ࢆࡶ࠺ࡦ࡜ࡘࡈ⏝❧࡚
ࡑ䣬࡜ே▱ࢀࡎ࡟ཧୖ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡋࡓ䣎࡞ࡢ࡟䣍㛛࡟䣍ᚚᚰ࡟㛜ࢆ᥃ࡅ࡚ࡋ
ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ 㝎ୗࢆ࠾ຓࡅࡋࡼ࠺࡜䣍ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚⬥㐨ࢆ㏻䣬࡚ࡲ䣬ࡋࡄࡽ࡟䣍
࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞᫬࡟䣍ࡈ⮬㌟ࢆࡦ࡝࠸┠࡟㐼ࢃࡏࡓ࡜㝎ୗࡀ࠾ᛮ࠸࡟
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࡼ࠸࠿䣍௒䣍㝎ୗࡢᚚ⬚࡟ࡣᵝࠎ࡞ࡈⱥ᩿ࡀ⃭ࡋࡃࡏࡵࡂྜ䣬
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ఱࡺ࠼࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋ䣯࠺䣎
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ 㢗ࡴ䣍ኌࢆపࡃࡋ࡚ࡃࢀ䣎
࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍ䣎ⱞᚰࡋ࡚ࣃ䣹ࢧ࢘࡟␃ࡵ⨨࠸࡚࠶ࡾࡲࡍ䣎Ẋࡢ୍ゝ࡛ᗄ༓ࡶ
࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿ⪅ࡢኌࢆ⪥࡟ࡉࢀࡓ࡞ࡽ䣍ࡑࢀࡔࡅ࡛ࡉࡒࡸ᜝㎯࡜៽ᛣࡢ࠾Ẽ
ࡢลࡀ㛝࠸࡚䣍Ẋࢆ䣍㝎ୗࢆ࠾ㆤࡾ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍ䣎࡛ࡍࡀ䣍ᩆ࠸ࡢᡭࢆ㏥ࡅ
ࡶࡢࡀ⌧ࢀ࡚䣍Ỵ╔ࢆࡘࡅࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ௒࡜࡞䣬࡚ࡣࡈⱥ᩿࡞࡝ࡶࡣࡸၥ㢟࡛ࡣࡈࡊࡽࢇ䣎ᚲ↛࡜࠸࠺
㛤
䢣
ᣢࡕࡀ
䢣
ᡬࡀືࡃࡒ
ࡲࡍ࡞䣎㢌ࢆࡇࡢᰕ࡟ࡶࡓࡏ࠿ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡓࡃࡋࡵ࡟䣍఑∗ୖࡢᚚ⬚ࡀࡇ
ࡢᰕ࡯࡝࡟ࡶ㡹࡞ࡔ࡞࡝࡜ᛮࢃࡏ࡞࠸࡛ࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎
䢣
ࡽࢀࡲࡋ䣯࠺࡜ࡶ䣍ࡇࡢᚰࡣ䣍Ꮚ౪ࡢᛅᐇ࡞Ẽᣢࡕࡣ᧕ࡡࡘࡅ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸
255
⥆࠿ࡡࡤ࡞ࡽࢇ䣎ࡔࡀ௒䣍ᡓ⚝࡟㛛ᡞࢆ㛤ࡅࡤ䣍ẅே࡜↔⇕ࡀࡇࡢୡ࡟ᢞ
㢗ࡾ࡟ேࡢᚰ࡟♧ࡍ࡭ࡁࡶࡢࢆ๢࡛♧ࡍࡀࡼ࠸䣎ᖇᅜࡢᰤගࡣ⥆࠿ࡏࡓ࠸䣍
⮧ୗ࡟ࡶᘬࡁ⥅ࡀࢀ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࢁ࠺䣎ࡑࡋ࡚ࡉࡽ࡟ࡣ䣍࠾ࡢࡀᚰࡢࡳࢆ
ࡔ
ึࡵ࡚㢪ᮃࡢ್ᡴࡕࡀỴࡲࡿࡢ࡛࠶䣬࡚䣍࠸࠿࡟⣧┿࡞ពᛮࡶ↓౯್࡞ࡢ
ᢏⱁࡢୡ⏺࡛ࡣேࡢရ᱁ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡶࡢࡀ㏻ᖖࡢୡ⏺࡜㏫ࡔ䣎ᡂຌࡀ࠶䣬࡚
ࡋ࠶ࡓࡾ䣍๭࡟ྜࢃࡎ䣍Ọ㐲࡟᏶஢ࡋ࡞࠸ᢏⱁࡢಟ⦎ࢆ✚ࢇ࡛ࡶࡽ࠸ࡓ࠸䣎
ᡂຌ࡞ࡋ࡟ࡣ䣎ࡔࡀ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣ࣑࣎࣊࢔࡛ࡺ䣬ࡓࡾࡃࡘࢁ࠸࡛䣍୺
ࡆ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺䣎ࡑࡋ࡚䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡀ࡜࠺࡟ᮙࡕᯝ࡚ࡓࡢࡕ࡟䣍࠸ࡎࢀ㐜
ࡀ࠾࿧ࡧ࡟࡞ࡿࡢࢆᚅࡕཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡓ࠸䣎
䥹➼᪘ࡓࡕ࡟㏥ᐊࢆಁࡍ㌟᣺ࡾࢆ
ἲ㝔㛗䣍ᛴࡆ䣎
䥹➼᪘ࡓࡕ䣍ୗࡀ䣬࡚ࡺࡃ䥺
䢣
ࢀ㥅ࡏ࡞ࡀࡽᛮ࠸㉳ࡇࡍࡀࡼ࠸䣎ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡶࡑࡢሙ࡟❧ࡕ఍䣬࡚䣍ࡇ࠺࡞
ᛶ᰿ࡣᆘ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡔࡀ䣍࠿ࡽ
ࡋ࡚䥺⚄ࡀࡈຍㆤࢆ㈷ࡽࢇࡇ࡜ࢆ䣎
䢣
ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᮃࢇࡔࡢࡔ࡜䣎
䥹㐲࠸◙ኌ䥺
䢣
௚ࡢ⪅
ࡔ䣎ࡑࢀࡣࡲࡓ䣍ᅜᐙࡣ⮬ศࡢࡇ࡜ࡋ࠿ᛕ㢌࡟࡞ࡃ䣍ேࠎࡢ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࿨
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ 䥹ᆅᅋኴࢆ㋃ࢇ࡛䥺ࡸࡵࡉࡏ࠸࡜ゝ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔ䣎
㐠࡞࡝ṑ∳࡟ࡶ࠿ࡅ࡞࠸࠿ࡽ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ䣎࡜ࡇࢁࡀ㧗࠸ᆅ఩࡟࠸ࡿၿⰋ࡞⏨
ࡣ䣍⨫ྡࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ䣍ᏊࠎᏞࠎ࡟⥅ᢎࡉࢀࡿ㐠୙㐠ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࡜ࡪࡿࡪࡿ㟈࠼
ࡇࢇ࡞ࡇ࡜ࡣ࠶䣬࡚࡯ࡋࡃ࡞࠸䣍࠶䣬࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽࢇ䣎๢ࢆ཰ࡵ࡚䣍ᩛ࡜ᢡࡾ
ࡀ୍⏕㑊ࡅ࡚ࡁࡓࡶࡢࡀ䣍ே⏕ࡢ⤊ࢃࡿ࡜ࡁ࡟࡞䣬࡚┠ࡢ๓࡟㏕䣬࡚ࡁࡓ䣎
ࡢ࡯࠺ࡀࢃࡓࡋࡼࡾࡣࡿ࠿࡟ᙅ⭜ࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆᛀࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸࠾䣬࡚䣍ᠬ
ࡃ⇞࠼ࡉ࠿䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࢆ✀࡟ࡋ࡚䣍ᙅ⭜ࡔ࡜ࡠ࠿ࡍ㐃୰ࡵ䣍࠾ࡢࢀ
୰࡟ࡣᮍࡔᨭ㓄⪅ࡢ⾑ࡀⲨࢀ≬䣬࡚࠾ࡾ䣍ᛣࡾ࡜᚟ㆶᚰࡀࡇࡢ⬚ࡢ୰࡛⇕
࡚ࡋࡲ࠺䣎ࡔࡀ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣ࠾ࡠࡋࡀᛮ࠺࡯࡝ၿⰋ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎ࡇࡢ࠿ࡽࡔࡢ
ྜ࠸ࢆࡘࡅ࡚ࡃࢀ䣎࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕࡀࢃࡓࡋࢆ᥼ຓࡍࡿぢ㏉ࡾ࡟ᙉせࡋࡓࡇࡢ
ࡽࡋࡵ࡚ࡸࡿ䣎ᖺ⪁࠸ࡓࡇࡢ⬚ࢆ࡞࠾㟷㖡ࡢ㙚࡟ໟࡳ䣍യࡘࡅࡽࢀࡓጾཝ
ࡋ࡚ḧࡋ࠸ࡶࡢࡔࡀ䣍ᨭ㓄⪅࡟ࡣ㛫㐪࠸࡞ࡃᘵࡀ࡞ࡿࡢࡔ࠿ࡽ䣎ᘵ࡟ࡣࡉ
ࢆせᮃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿Ꮡࡌ࡚࠾ࢁ࠺䣎Ṛ⚄ࡀࢃࡓࡋࢆ㐃ࢀཤ䣬ࡓࡽ䣍᪩ࡃࡑ࠺
࡟ṇ㠃࠿ࡽྥ࠿࠸ྜ䣬࡚ࡸࡿ䣎ࡑࡋ࡚䣍୍Ẹ᪘ࡢ௦⾲⪅ࡔ࡜⮬⛠ࡍࡿࡇࡢ
ࢆ㍤࠿ࡏࡓࡽ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡢ┠ࢆࡌ䣬࡜ぢୖࡆࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢ࠿࡝࠺࠿䣍⿬ษࡾ⪅
⨫ྡධࡾド᭩ࡣࡃࢀ࡚ࡸࡿ䣎
䢣
ἲ㝔㛗䣍ࡑ࡞ࡓ⮬㌟䣍⏫ࡢእ࡛㐃୰ࡀఱ
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡶ࠺ࢃࡓࡋࡢ┠ࡢ๓࡟㏕䣬࡚ࡁࡓ䣎ேẅࡋࡔ䣍ෆᡓࡔ䣎ࢃࡓࡋ
࡟㸟
➼᪘ࡓࡕ 䥹๢ࢆᢤ࠸࡚䥺⏕࿨㈈⏘ࢆᣲࡆ࡚ࢃࢀࡽࡀ୺ྩ䣍ⓚᖇ㝎ୗࡢࡓࡵ
Ỵ᩿ࢆ࿨ࡌࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡁࡓࡽ䣍኱᢬䣍◚ᗮ᜝࡛㧗៏䣍㍍⋡࡞ࡇ࡜ࡔ࠿ࡽ
࡟ࡣᙅ⭜ࡔ࡜ゝࢃࢀࡿࡀ䣍ࡼࡋ࡜ࡋࡼ࠺䣎࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡶ䣍ᅜᨻ࡟ᦠࢃࡿ⏨ࡀ
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࢃࡓࡋࡣே࡟ᛮࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡯࡝ၿⰋ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢࡔ䣎
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ Ẋ䣍ᩗពࢆ⾲ࡋࡲࡍ䣎
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ Ⓨ◙ࡣࡸࡵࡉࡏ࠸䣎
䥹᪂ࡓ࡞Ⓨ◙䥺
୙ទᛌ࡞ࡇ࡜ࢆゝ䣬࡚ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓ䣎࠾ࡠࡋ࡟ࡣྏࡽࢀ
䥹ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබ࡜ⓚᖇࢆ㝖࠸࡚䣍඲ဨ䣍㏥ሙ䥺
ࡩࡓࡾ࡟࡞䣬ࡓ䣎
䢣
䥹ධᐊࡋ䣍ࣝࣥࣉ࡟㏆ᐤ䣬࡚࠸ࡓᚑ൅࡟䥺
࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࡞䣎
50
ࣦ䣵ࢩ䣷ࣇࣛ䣹ࢺ ࡢ㜵ቨ࡟㝕ྲྀ䣬࡚䣍⏫࡟᥋㏆ࡍࡿᩛࡢ㒊㝲࡟Ⓨ◙
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎
ᚑ൅
ఱ஦ࡔ䣎
ࡔࡔࡅࡣ㟈࠼࡚ࡋࡲ࠺䣎
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ 䥹ࣅࢡ䣹࡜ࡋ࡚䥺ఱ஦ࡔ䣎
256
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ
‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
䢣
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ఱ஦ࡔ䣎௒ࡣ࠸࠿ࢇ䣎
ఱ஦࡟ࡼࡽࡎ䣍࠶࡜࡟࠸ࡓࡏ䣎
䥹ࣝࣥࣉ䣍࠶࡜ࡎࡉࡾࡋ䣍ᚑ൅࡟ྜᅗࡍࡿ䣎ᚑ൅䣍ฟ࡚ࡺࡃ䥺
ࡾ䣍ᚰᙅ࠸ࡀ䣎඗ᘵࡀே㛫ࡢ୰࡛᭱ࡶ㌟㏆࡞Ꮡᅾ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡓ࡜࠸䣍ゝື࡟
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ 䥹ඛࢆㄞࢇ࡛䥺ࡇࢀࡣ᪂ࡋ࠸Ⅼࡔࡀ䣍㝖࠿ࡡࡤ࡞ࡽࢇ䣎ࡇࢀࡣ
࡚ࡋࡲ࠺䣎ࡘࡲࡾ䣍ேࢆ㨩஢ࡍࡿఱࡸ࠿ࡸࡣ䣍௚ࡢே㛫࡟࡜䣬࡚ఱ࡛࠶䣬
␒࠿࡜ၥ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠸䣎㤳➽ࡢ⑪ࡣ㨩ຊ࡜࡞ࡾ䣍ゝㄒ㞀ᐖࡶ㡢ᴦ࠿࡜ᛮ䣬
࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕ࡟䣍᭹ᚑࢆᣄࡴ࡜࠸࠺᫂ⓑ࡞ᶒ฼ࢆ୚࠼࡚ࡋࡲ࠺䣎ࡑࢀ࡟࠾ࡲ
࡚ࡶ▱䣬ࡓࡇ࡜࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎ឡࡋ䣍ᕼᮃࡋ䣍ಙ௮ࡍࡿ 䣎ࡔࡀ䣍ಙ௮ࡣ⮬ศ
࠾࠸࡚࠸࠿࡟㞳ࢀ࡚࠸ࡼ࠺࡜ࡶ䣎ዪ࡟ᚰច࠿ࢀࢀࡤ䣍ࡑࡢዪࡀዪࡢ୰୍࡛
࠼ࡓࡕࡢᩍ⩏࡟཯ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡀ⣮ࢀ㎸ࡴᜍࢀࡶ࠶ࡿ䣎ࡑࢇ࡞ࡶࡢࡣἲ࡜࠸࠺
257
ࢆᘬࡁᐤࡏ䣍㇂࡟㞵ࢆ㝆ࡽࡏࡿ䣎᳃ࡣఱ࡛ࡶ㣧ࡳ㎸ࢇ࡛ࡋࡲ࠺ᙉᭀ࡞ᔒࢆ
࡚䣍ᒣࡸ㇂䣍ᕝࡸⲡཎࡢ௙⤌ࡳࢆぢࡼ䣎ᒣࠎࡣ䣍ࡑࢀ⮬యࡣ⚼ᒣ࡛ࡶ䣍㞼
ཌࡉࢆᣢࡕྜࢃࡏ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ䣍ぢࡿ࠿ࡽ࡟᫂░࡞ୡ⏺࡟┠ࢆจࡽࡋ
࠾ ࡲ ࠼ ࡓ ࡕ ࡀ ே 㛫 ࢆ ྠ ⬊ ࡜ ࡋ࡚ ࡼ ࡾ ぢ ࡞ ࠸ ࡯ ࡝ ࢟ ࣜ ࢫ ࢺ ᩍ ⓗ
ࡸࡾ࡞ࡀࡽࡶ䣍࠸ࡎࢀ䣍ຎ䣬ࡓ⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ᚑᒓࡉࡏࡼ࠺࡜┠ㄽࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡢ࡛
ᩘὴ࡟ຍࢃࢀ࡜࿨ࡌࡿࡢࡔ䣎࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕࡣࡑࡢ㐃୰ࢆ⮬ศ࡜ྠ➼࡟ᢅ䣬࡚
࠿ࡽᕷሙ࡟࿧ࡧฟࡋ䣍ࡑࡢ⚊ࢆ຺ᐃ࡟ධࢀ䣍⏽ᩗࡢᛕ࡟ࡶἲ࡟ࡶ཯ࡋ࡚ከ
ࡢហ᫕࡞㍮࡟≉ᐃࡢ౯್ほࢆ྿ࡁ㎸ࡵ䣎ࡑ࠺ࡋ࡚࠾࠸࡚࠿ࡽ䣍ࡑࡢ㍮ࢆ⏿
࡛ࡉ࠼ཿᬛࡶᑾࡁᯝ࡚࡚ኌ࡞ࡃ❧ࡕᑾࡍ࡜ࡇࢁࡲ࡛᮶ࡓࡽ䣍ࡦ࡜ࡾࡦ࡜ࡾ
ࡋ࡚ࡳࡼ䣎ࡍࡿ࡜௒ᗘࡣ䣍⮧ୗࡀ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕࡢ⬣ጾ࡜࡞ࡿࡒ䣎ࡲࡎ䣍㈼⪅
ࡶ୺ྩ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕ࡟ࡶ㈐௵ࢆྲྀࡿ࡭ࡁ⮧ୗࡀ࠸ࡿ䣎ࢃࡓࡋ࡟཯ᢠ
ྫྷ࿡ࡶࡋࡓࡢ࠿䣎୺ྩ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿࡢࡣࢃࡓࡋࡦ࡜ࡾ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕ
ᙧࢆྲྀࡿᜏᖖⓗ࡞ེ஘ࡔࡒ䣎⮬ศ࡛ฟࡋࡓࡇࡢ౛ࢆ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕ䣍ࡁࡕࢇ࡜
࠸䣎
ࡿࡋ࠿࡞࠸䣎⚄ࡢ┿⌮ࢆᤐࡡࡃࡾ㏉ࡑ࠺࡞࡝࡜࠸࠺ᛮ࠸ୖࡀࡾࡣࡼࡍࡀࡼ
ࡓࢇෆ㒊࠿ࡽศ⿣ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠼ࡤ䣍ࡶ࠺⏽ᛧ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ䣍ྡ㄃ḧ࡜ᜍᛧᚰ࡜࡞
࡟ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࡜▱ࢀ䣎␲ᝨࡣ␲ᝨࡑࡢࡶࡢࡋ࠿⏕ࡲ࡞࠸䣎⏽ᛧࡢᛕࡀ࠸䣬
ࡢ᰿ࡀ䣍ྂࡃ࠿ࡽఏࢃ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡋ䣬࠿ࡾࡋࡓ☜࠿࡞ࡶࡢࢆࡍ࡭࡚ࡤࡽࡤࡽ
㔜ࡳ࡟ᡴࡕ຾䣬࡚ᯞࢆᗈࡆࡿᮌࡢࡼ࠺࡟࡞䣎ࡋ࠿ࡋ䣍ㄗࡾ࡞ࡽࡤ䣍ࡑࡢᮌ
ᩍ⩏ࡀ┿࡛࠶ࢀࡤ䣍ࡑࢀࡣᏑ⥆ࡍࡿ䣍࠶ࡓ࠿ࡶ▼࡟ᢲࡋࡘࡪࡉࢀ࡞ࡀࡽࡶ䣍
▱ᜨࡀᮙࡕᯝ࡚࡚ᇙࡲ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ⎰♟ࢆぢ࡚➗࠺ࡇ࡜ࡔࢁ࠺䣎࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕࡢ
㛫ࡢᑠ㈼ࡋ࠸ᡤᴗࡀࡇࡢ⢭⚄ⓗ࡞ᨭ࠼ࢆ◚ቯࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺䣎ᏊᏞࡣ࠸ࡘ࠿䣍
࡞ࡢࡔ䣎࠾࠾䣍ࡇࢀࡽࡢᨭᰕࢆㄪ࡭ࡓࡾᨵⰋࡋࡓࡾ࡞࡝ࡋ࡞࠸࡛ࡃࢀ䣎ே
ࢀ ࡣ ᮍ ࡔ 㖄࡛ 䣬 ࡓ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ࡞ ࠸ ᗏ ▱ ࢀ ࡠ ῝ ῡ ࡟ ே 㛫 ࡢ ᚰ ࠿ࡽ ᯫ ࡅ ࡿ ᶫ
࠸ࡿࡶࡢࢆ∗♽ࡶಙࡌ࡚࠸ࡓࡋ䣍ᏊᏞࡶᑗ᮶ྠࡌ㐨ࢆṌࢇ࡛⾜ࡃࡇ࡜䣍ࡇ
ᙅ࠸ࡀ䣍Ᏹᐂࡢ୍㒊ࡔ࡜ឤࡌࡿ࡜ᙉࡃ࡞ࡿ஧㠃ᛶࡢドᕥࡔ䣎⮬ศࡢಙࡌ࡚
⮬㌟࡜ᢡࡾྜ࠸ࢆࡘࡅ࡚ࡺࡃឤ᝟࡟㐣ࡂ࡞࠸䣎ࡘࡲࡾ䣍ே㛫ࡣࡦ࡜ࡾ࡛ࡣ
ࡁࡀ஫࠸࡟ᙳ㡪ࡋ䣍࠿ࡘᐇࢆ⤖ࡧ䣍࠿ࡘᨭ࠼ྜ࠸䣍඲యࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࡿ䣎ࡑࡢ
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ᩥ᭩ࡔ࡜㸽䥹ᛴ࠸࡛⨫ྡࡍࡿ䥺ࡉ࠶䣍⨫ྡࡋࡓࡒ䣎ឡࡢ࠶ࡿཱྀ
௦㆟ဨ ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣ☜ࡓࡿᆅ┙࡛࠶ࡿࡑࡢᩥ᭩ࢆಙࡌ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎
⌮⏤࡜ṇᙜᛶࡣ䣍⌧ᐇࡀࡑ࠺࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡟࠶ࡿ䣎ࡇࡢ⪷࡞ࡿ⤎ࢆ
࠿ࡽఏ࠼ࡽࢀ䣍ឡ࡟Ῥ࠸ࡓ⪥࡟ཷࡅྲྀࡽࢀࡿ⏕ࡁࡓᬮ࠿࠸ゝⴥࡼࡾ䣍࠾ࡲ
࿌Ⓨࡋ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽࢇ䣎ࡇࡢ⤎ࡣㄡ࡟ࡶព㆑ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡃ䣍ࡲࡓ⏕ࡌࡿࡸྰ
䢣
ᢲࡍ㉥࠸⮞ࡔ࠿ࡽ࡞䣎Ẹ࠿ࡽẸ࡟ᘬࡁ⥅ࡀࢀࡿࡢ࡞ࡽ䣍࡝࠺ࡋ࡚㡿୺࠿ࡽ
࠾ࡲࡅ࡟⾑࡛ᑒ༳ࡋ࡚ࡸࡿ䣎⾑ࡣ࠶ࡽࡺࡿბ࡟┿ᐇࡢⅹ༳ࢆ
࠼ࡓࡕࡣṚࢇࡔᡭࡢṚࢇࡔᏐ㠃ࢆಙࡌࡿࡢࡔ࠿ࡽ䣍ⓑ࠸⣬࡟㯮࠸ᩥᏐࢆ᭩
ẕࡣຊࡀ㝈ࡽࢀ࡚࠾
ࡸ䣍ࡑࢀ⮬㌟ࡀࡑࡢᏑᅾド᫂࡜࡞ࡿࡀࡺ࠼࡟䣍⮬ࡽࢆ᫂࠿ࡍࡇ࡜࡞ࡃ䣍ࡉ
ࡔࡀ䣍∗ࡣཝ᱁ࡔ䣎ẕࡢࡇ࡜ࡣឡࡍࡿ䣎
䢣
࠸ࡓࡒ䣎
ࡿ䣎
䢣
࠿ࡋࡽ࡞ᛮ᝿ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ᩛ࿡᪉࡟ศࡓࢀࡓࡶࡢࢆ⤖ࡧྜࢃࡏࡿ䣎∗ࢆᑛᩗࡍ
࠶ࢁ ࠺㸽
ᣢࡕࡇࡓ࠼ࡿ䣎Ἠࡣ⮬ࡽࡣᐇࢆ⤖ࡤࡎ࡜ࡶ䣍ᐇࢆ⫱ࡴ䣎ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚㧗ࡁ࡜ప
49
ࡢሀࡉ࡟ᩗពࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚䣍∗ぶࡢࡼ࠺࡞ඃࡋࡉࢆࡶ䣬࡚ᡃ៏ࡋ࡚ࡸ䣬ࡓࡢࡔ䣎
ᩍᚐࡢᏊᘵࡀ࠸ࡿࡋ䣍䥹ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබࢆᣦࡋ࡚䥺ࡇࡢࢃࡓࡋࡢ཭ேࡲ࡛ࡶ
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ Ẹ࠿䣎ࡩࡴ䣍Ẹ࠿䣎࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕ䣍ᨭ㓄⪅ࡢᶒ฼࡜ࡋ࡚༑ศࡢ୍
ࡀ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕ࡜ᩍ⩏ࢆྠࡌ䣮࠺ࡍࡿ௰㛫ࡔ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡣᡃ៏ࡣࡋࡓࡀ䣍ṇᙜ
࡞ࢇࡨ࡜
ࡢ࡟䣎ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ⏦ࡍࡢࡣࢃࢀࢃࢀࡤ࠿ࡾ࡛ࡣࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡏࢇ䣎ࡋ࠿ࡿ
ఱேࡶᛮ᝿ࡢࡓࡵ࡟㏕ᐖࢆཷࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠿䣬ࡓ䣎㌷㝲࡟ࡶጤဨ఍࡟ࡶ᪂
䢣
࡟䣍Ẹࡣ
⛯ࢆẸ࠿ࡽྲྀࡾ❧࡚࡚࠾ࡁ࡞ࡀࡽ䣍Ẹࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ⪃࠼ࡓ࡜ゝ࠺ࡢ࠿䣎Ẹ࡜࡞䣎
࡜ㄆࡵࡣࡋ࡞࠿䣬ࡓ䣎ṇᙜ࡜ㄆࡵࢀࡤ䣍Ꮡᅾࢆㄆࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ࠿ࡽࡔ䣎
ࡵ࡝࡞ࡃⲨࢀ≬࠺࠺ࡕ࡟⎰ゎࡉࡏࡓࡃ࡞࠸࡞ࡽࡤ䣍࠶ࡽࡡࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜䣍
ࡑࢀࡼࡾࡶ䣍⚄ࡀᵓ⠏ࡋ䣍ᅜᐙ࡜࿧ࡤࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㈼᫂࡞⛛ᗎࡢᒇྎ㦵ࢆ䣍࡜
࡛ᦨࢇࡔ࡜䣎ࡔࡀ௒䣍⫢ᚰ࡞ࡢࡣࢃࡓࡋ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸䣎
࠶ࢁ࠺ࡶࡢ䣍ࡑࢀࢆࢃࡓࡋ࠿ࡽ᥆ࡵྲྀࡿࡁ䣬࠿ࡅࢆ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕࡣ⮬ศࡢᡭ
࠼ࡓࡕ࡟ᣄࢇ࡛ࡁࡓࡶࡢ䣍ேẅࡋ࡟▷ยࢆ✺ࡁࡘࡅࡽࢀࡼ࠺࡜௒ࡶᣄࡴ࡛
⮬ศ࡛⮬ศࢆᾘཤࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺䣎ࡴࡋࢁࡇ࠺ゝ䣬ࡓࡽ࡝࠺ࡔ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡀ࠾ࡲ
᮶ࢆ⇞ࡸࡋᑾࡃࡋࡓ࠶࡜䣍ኳࡢἨࡀ᪂ࡓ࡞ࣀ࢔ࡢὥỈࢆ㉳ࡇࡋ࡚䣍ࡼ࠺ࡸ
ࡇࡢᕳ≀࠿ࡽ㣕ࡧฟࡋ࡚ࡃࡿࡼ࠺࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿䣎ࡑࡢ⅖ࡀୡ⏺࡜࠶ࡽࡺࡿᮍ
ࡍᕳ≀ࢆࢡ䣹ࢩ䣼ࣥ࠿ࡽྲྀ䣬࡚䥺ࡲࡿ࡛䣍Ⲩࠎࡋࡃఱ࡛ࡶ㣗࠸ᑾࡃࡍ⅖ࡀ
୙ಙࡢẼᣢࡕࡀ࠶䣬࡚ᙜ↛ࡔ䣎ᩥ᭩ࢆΏࡏ䣎䥹ᑠጣࡀࡦࡊࡲࡎ࠸࡚ᕪࡋฟ
࠶ࢁ࠺ࡀ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕࡀ୙ಙࡢẼᣢࡕࢆᢪ࠸࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡟ࡣ䣍ࢃࡓࡋ࡟ࡶ
⫋ົࡣኳ࡟ጤࡡ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸䣎ᩥ᭩ࢆࡃࢀ䣎௨๓ࡢ≀࡜ྠࡌෆᐜ࡛ࡣ
ࡑࡢ㏻ࡾࡔ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡀࡇࡢୡࡢ⫋ົࢆᛀࢀࡲ࠸࡜ࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ䣍ኳ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ
⫪ࢆࡍࡃࡵࡿࡢ࠿䣎࠺ࡴ䣍▷ยࢆႃඖ࡟✺ࡁࡘࡅࡽࢀࡓ࡜ᛮ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ࡞䣎
㉳ࡇࡽࡡࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡇࡑ⫢ᚰ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎ࡑࢀࡣ౛ࡢᩥ᭩ࡢ୰࡟᭩࠸࡚࠶
ࡃⅎ⇕ࢆ㟼ࡵࡿ䣎ࡔࡀ䣍ࡑࡢỏ℃ࡣ࡜ゝ࠼ࡤ⾗ហᨻ἞࡞ࡢࡔ 䣎䥹ᩥ᭩ࢆ
㏞ዶ࠿ࡽᏲ䣬࡚ࡸࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡀ䣍ེ஘ࢆ㉳ࡇࡉࡎ࡟῭ࡴࡼ࠺࡟ࡣࡋ
ࡓࡕࡣ࠶ࡢ୰࡛㢪䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᡭ࡟ධࢀࡿ䣎࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕࢆࡶ࠺ࡇࢀ௨ୖ䣍
ᑐ➼࡞ࡶࡢ࡜ࡍࡿࡼ࠺せồࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠶ࡢᩥ᭩ࡔ䣎ེ஘ࡀ㉳ࡇࢀࡤ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼
䥹ࡇࡢ᫬䣍ᚑ൅ࡀୗᡭࡢᡬ࠿ࡽࡍ䣬࡜ධ䣬࡚ࡁ࡚䣍๓ᬒ࡟࠸ࡿⓚᖇ࡜ᑐ⛠
ࡔ䣎
ឡ࡜ࡲ࡛ࡢ࠺䣎ࡑࢀࡺ࠼䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕࡶࢃࡓࡋࡢዲពࡢ༳ࢆせồࡍࡿࢃࡅ
㛤࠸࡚ㄞࡴ䥺᭩ࡁฟࡋࡣ࠾Ỵࡲࡾࡢ⹫ࡋ࠸ᩥゝࡔ䣎ㄔᐇࡔࡢឡ╔ࡔࡢ
㢪࠸ฟ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡍ䣎
ㄡ࡟ࡶẼ࡙࠿ࢀࡎ࡟ࡈ฿╔࠶ࡑࡤࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࡑࡋ࡚⥭ᛴࡢࡈᣏㅜࢆ
䥹ᑠኌ࡛䥺ࢩ䣻ࢱ࢖ࣖ䤀࣐ࣝࢡࡢࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ኱බẊୗࡀ㞃ᐦ⿬࡟䣍
௦㆟ဨ 㝎ୗࢆ࡛ࡣࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡏࢇࡀ䣍࣐ࢻࣜ䤀ࢻ࡜ࣟ䤀࣐ࡢᙳ㡪ࡣಙ⏝࡛ࡁ
ࡲࡏࢇ 䣎
㠀ᖖ࡟ᛴ࠸࡛࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡍ䣎
䥹ࣦ䣸ࣝࣇ࢞ࣥࢢ࣭ࣝࣥࣉࡀⓚᖇ࡟ྥ࠿䣬࡚ᩘṌ㏆࡙ࡃࡢ࡛䥺
ᚑ൅
ࣝࣥࣉ 䥹ྠᵝ࡟ᑠኌ࡛䥺௒ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡔ䣎
ࢃࡵ࠸࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡔࢁ࠺䣎ࡔࡀࢃࡓࡋࡣ䣍㏞ዶࡢ࠺ࡕ࡟࠶ࡿ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡶಙ௮
᪂ᩍࡶ᪂ᩍᚐࡶ᢯ẅࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡋ䣍௒ࡈࢁࡣ཯ᢠࡍࡿ⪅ࡣ㏣ᨺࡉࢀ࡚䣍⨬ࡾ
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡴࡇ࠺ࡢゝ࠺ࡇ࡜࡟⪥ࢆഴࡅ࡚࠸ࡓ࡞ࡽ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣ࡜࠺ࡢ᫇࡟
47
ᚑ൅
࡚ࡸࢀࡿ䣎ࡇ࠺ゝ࠼ࡤ‶㊊࠿䣎ᅜෆࡢ୙✜࡞✵Ẽࡀ㙠ࡲࢀࡤ┤ࡕ࡟䣍࠾ࡲ
㯲䣬࡚࠸ࡿ࡞䣎ࢃࡓࡋࢆಙ⏝ࡏࢇࡢ࠿䣎
ࡢ఩⨨࡟❧䣬࡚࠸ࡿࣦ䣸ࣝࣇ࢞ࣥࢢ࣭ࣝࣥࣉ࡟㏆࡙ࡃ䥺
48
࠼ࡓࡕࡀษᮃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆࢃࡓࡋࡢពᛮ࡛ᢎㅙࡍࡿ࡜⣙᮰ࡍࢀࡤ䣎
䢣
ࡿ䣎ࡑࡢᩥ᭩ࡣࡇࡇᩘ࠿᭶䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡢ㒊ᒇ࡟⨨࠸࡚࠶ࡿࡀ䣍᪂ᩍࡢಙ௮ࢆ
ࡕ࡟ධࡿ࡜ឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ⪅ࡶ䣍࠸ࡊィ⟬ࡋ࡚࠸࡚๭ࡾ⟬ࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ࡜䣍
ࡑࢇ࡞ࡶࡢࡣዲࢇ࡛ⴿࡽࢀࡓࡀࡿࡓࡃࡉࢇࡢ✵⹫࡞ࢮࣟࡔ䣎⮬ศࡣᩘࡢ࠺
258
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ
‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
ࡢẸࢆ௦⾲ࡋ࡚ពぢࢆ㏙࡭ࡿጤဨ఍ࢆ࿧࡭࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡔ䣎ே㛫ࡣಶே࡜ࡋ
ᾋ࠿ࡪពᆅᝏ࠸➗࠸㢦ࡣぢࡓࡃ࡞࠸䣎㐃୰ࢆࡇࡇ࡬࿧࡭䣎ࡘࡲࡾ䣍ࡍ࡭࡚
ࡳ㬆ࡽࡍ䥺⬚ࡀᝏࡃ࡞ࡿ䣎࠶ࡊࡅࡾࡢ⾲᝟ࡣぢࡓࡃ࡞࠸䣎ཌ࠿ࡲࡋ࠸㢠࡟
సࡽࢀࡿࡀ䣍ẅேරჾ࡜࡞䣬࡚䣍ࡇࡢ⨾ࡋ࠸ୡ⏺ࢆศ⿣ࡉࡏ䣍࠶ࡽࡺࡿ⏕
࠸࡚ࡃࢀ䣎ล࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡣṤ࡝ே㛫࡜ኚࢃࡽࡠࡶࡢࡔ࠿ࡽࡔ䣎౑࠺ࡓࡵ࡟
࠸ࡿ䣎䥹ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබ࡟ຓࡅࡽࢀ࡚࣐ࣥࢺࢆ⫪࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ࡢࡕ䥺ยࡣ⨨࠸࡜
ࡿእほࢆᚲせ࡜ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡔ䣎ࢃࢀࡽࡩࡓࡾࡔࡅࡀ䣍᭹ࡢෆ࡟໏❶ࢆࡘࡅ࡚
ࡁ≀ࡢㄪ࿴ࢆቯࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺䣎
࡚ࡣᡃ៏࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢࡔࡀ䣍㞟ᅋ࡜࡞ࡿ࡜ື≀ୡ⏺࡟ఝ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺䣎
ఱࢆࡄࡎࡄࡎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ᙼࡽࢆ࿧࡭࡜ゝ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔ䣎
䥹ࣝࣥࣉ䣍㏥ሙ䥺
ࡉ࡚䣍ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබࡼ䣍௒࡛ࡶࡑࡢᖺྲྀ䣬ࡓྑᡭ࡛๢ࢆ᣺ࡾᅇࡍຊࡣ࠶ࡿ
䥹ⓚᖇ䣍⭜ࢆୗࢁࡍ䣎ᩘேࡢ࣑࣎࣊࢔ࡢ➼᪘䣍ධ䣬࡚ࡃࡿ䣎ᙼࡽࡢ๓࡟ᑠ
๢ࡀࡶࡢࢆゝ࠺䣎
࠿䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡢ࡯࠺ࡣ㟷ᖺࡢࡇࢁࡢᜥ྿࡟くࢃࢀ࡚䣍ࢃࡀᐇ┤࡞ࡿ⪅ࡓࡕࡢ
ጣࡀ࠸࡚䣍ࣅࣟ䤀ࢻࡢࢡ䣹ࢩ䣼ࣥࡢୖ࡟⨺⓶⣬ࡢᕳ≀ࢆࡢࡏ࡚ᣢ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䥺
㊊㡢ࡀ⪺ࡇ࠼ࡿ䣎ࡉ࠶䣍ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢ⏝ពࡣ࡛ࡁࡓ䣎ඃࡋࡉࡀᙺ❧ࡓࡡࡤ䣍
ඛ㢌࡟❧䣬࡚ฟྥࡁ䣍ེ஘⪅࡟┿䣬ྥ࠿ࡽ䣍┠ⓗࡣఱࡔ䣍࡜ၥ࠺࡚ࡸࢁ࠺
࡜ᛮ࠺䣎ࡇࡢ㄂ࡾ㧗࠸ᨭ㓄ᶒࡀࢃࡓࡋࢆᘬࡁࡘࡅࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎ࡇࡢ⫪
䥹ࡦ࡜ࡾࡀṌࡳฟࡓࡢ࡛䥺
ᙼࡽࡢᮃࡳࡀఱ࠿䣍ᑜࡡࡼ䣎
ࡀ㔜Ⲵࢆࡋࡓࡓ࠿࡟㈇࠼ࡿ࡜ศ࠿䣬࡚࠸࡚ࡶ䣍ᨭ㓄ᶒ࡞࡝གྷ௓≀ᢅ࠸ࡋ࡚
ࡲࢀኚࢃࢀࡿ䣎ࡋ࠿ࡋ⋤ෙࡀ⚄࠿ࡽᤵࡅࡽࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀ┿ᐇ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ䣍
᣺ࡾⴠ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡸࡾࡓ࠸ࡃࡽ࠸ࡔ䣎ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᬡ࡟ࡣ₞ࡃ୍ಶࡢே㛫࡜ࡋ࡚⏕
㞄ࡢ⪅࡟ㄒࡽࡏࡼ䣎
࠸࠿ࡽ࡞䣎㦁ᨐࢆ㠃ⓑࡀ䣬࡚䣍ࡢࡇࡢࡇࡸ䣬࡚᮶ࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿䣎௚ࡢ⪅䣍
㈗බࡣ࠸࠿ࢇ䣍ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥ఑∖䣎ࡇࡢᅵᆅࡢ⪅࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣍࣑࣎࣊࢔ே࡛ࡣ࡞
⋤ෙࢆྲྀࡾཤࡿࡢࡶ⚄࡟ࡢࡳ┦ᛂࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜䣎⮬ࡽࡢᡭ࡛ྲྀࡾཤࡿࡢࡣ䣍ᙜ
➨஧఩ࡢ⪅ 䥹๓࡟Ṍࡳฟ࡚䥺୺ྩࡓࡿᅜ⋤࡟ࡋ࡚ⓚᖇ࡛࠶ࡽࡏࡽࢀࡿ㝎ୗ䣎
ࢆᚓࡓࡇ࡜࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡢยࡣ࡝ࡇࡔ䣎ࣦ䣸ࣝࣇ࢞ࣥࢢ㸟 ࣦ䣸ࣝࣇ
Ẋࡣ䣍ࡇࡢᅜ࡛ఱࡀ㉳ࡇࡾ䣍㞄ᅜࡢቃ⏺ࢆ㉺࠼ࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ఱࡀฟ᮶ࡋ࡚࠸
ᮘ࡟ࡶࡓࡏ࠿ࡅ࡚࠶ࡿ䣍ࡉ䣬ࡁࡲ࡛ࡣ࣋䣹ࢻ࡟ࡔ䣬ࡓ
ࡀ䣎
ࡢᘵࡂࡳࡀࡑࡢ⥲ᖊ࡜࡞䣬࡚࠾࠸࡛࡛ࡍ䣎ᙜᆅ࡛Ẹࡣࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡟ືᦂࡋ࡚
ࡿ࠿䣍ࡈᏑࡌ࡛࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡍ䣎኱㌷ࡀṊ⿦ࡋ࡚ࣉࣛࣁ࡟ྥ࠿䣬࡚࠾ࡾ䣍㝎ୗ
䥹ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබࡀᐁᡣᐊ࡟ྥ࠿䣬࡚ࡺࡃࡢ࡛䥺
࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎୰࡟ࡣ䣍㝎ୗ࡟ጤクࢆཷࡅࡓホ㆟఍࡜ࡢࡦࡑࡸ࠿࡞ྜពࡢໝ࠸
࢞ࣥࢢ࣭ࣝࣥࣉ㸟
බ∖⮬ࡽࡈ㊊ປࡃࡔࡉࡿ࠿䣎࠿ࡓࡌࡅ࡞࠸䣎
ࢆႥࡂྲྀࡾ䣍እᅜ㌷ࡀ౵ධࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡤ䣍ยࡢ▩ඛࡀࢃࡓࡃࡋ࡝ࡶࡢ࡯࠺࡟
ྥࡅࡽࢀ䣍ࢃࡀᅜࡢ᮲௧ࡸἲᚊࡢᨵኚ࡟⧅ࡀࡿࡔࢁ࠺࡜ゝ࠺⪅ࡶ࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎
䥹ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබ䣍ᐁᡣᐊࡢ୰࡬㏥ሙ䥺
ࡾᆏ࠿ࡽୖࡾᆏ࡟ྥࡁ┤䣬࡚ࡶ࠺㏨ࡆ࡚⾜䣬ࡓ࠿䣎ࡑࢇ࡞ࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞ࡽࢇ䣎
ࡲࡓ࠶ࡿ⪅ࡣ䣍ࡇࡢེ஘ࡀᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡟ㄏᝨࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎
ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ䣍ゝㄽ࡜ಙ௮ࡢ⮬⏤࡜࠸࠺ㄡ࡟࡜䣬࡚ࡶ࠾ࡢࡀ㌟௨ୖ࡟኱ษ࡞ࡶ
௦⾲⪅
ࡃ䣎
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ 䥹⊂ࡾゝࡢࡼ࠺࡟䥺ࡉࡼ࠺࡞ྜពࡀ࠶ࢀࡤᶵᐦ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࡟䣍඲
ࡑ࠺࡜ࡶ䣍ࡸࡵ࡚ࡶࡽ࠾࠺䣎ࡸࡵࡉࡏࡡࡤ䣎
䥹ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබ䣍ᡠ䣬࡚ࡃࡿ䥺
࣐ࣥࢺࡶᣢ䣬࡚ࡁ࡚ࡃࢀࡓࡢ࠿䣎ᐹࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡓ㏻ࡾ䣍ୡ⏺ࡣ䣍ࡑࢀ࡜ศ࠿
46
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ 䥹㏻⏝ཱྀ࡟ྥ࠿䣬࡚䥺ㄡࡶࢃࡓࡋࡢゝⴥ࡟⪥ࢆ㈚ࡉࢇࡢ࠿䣎ୗ
259
࠾࠸䣍ࣦ䣸ࣝࣇ࢞ࣥࢢ䣍ࣦ䣸ࣝࣇ࢞ࣥࢢ࣭ࣝࣥࣉ䣎
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡇࡇᩘ᪥ࡢሗ࿌᭩࡜䣍ࡑࢀ࡟᭩≧ࡢ㢮ࡶᐁᡣ࡟ᣢ䣬࡚᮶࠸䣎ࡑ
ࣦ䣸ࣝࣇ࢞ࣥࢢ࣭ࣝࣥࣉ 䥹ධ䣬࡚ࡁ࡚䥺㝎ୗ䣎
⪥ࢆᡴࡘ䣎࠿࡚࡚ຍ࠼࡚䣍࡝࠺⾜ືࢆ㉳ࡇࡑ࠺࡜ࡶ䣍⾜ືࡢ୰࡟ⅆ✀ࡀ࠶
ኴ 㰘 ࡢ ㎘ ࡁ ࡸ ᡓ 㜚 ࡢ ࡊ ࢃ ࡵࡁ ࡀ ክ ࡢ ⥆ ࡁ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ┠ ぬ ࡵ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࢃ ࡓ ࡋ ࡢ
࠺ᗃ㟋ࡣ㏣࠸࠿ࡅ࡚ࡃࡿ䣎ࡑࢀ࡟䣍ኪ䣍㉳ࡁ࡚ᐷᗋࡢୖ࡟ᗙ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ࡜䣍
ࢀ࠿ࡽࡣ୍ษ䣍㑧㨱ࡣࡉࢀࢇࡒ䣎ࡇࡢ㤋ࡀ⅖࡟ໟࡲࢀ࡚䣍
䣓Ẋ䣍ⅆ஦࡛ࡍ䣔
ࡾ䣍ࡑࡢⅆ✀ࡀḟ࡟ࡣᆅ㞾ࢆ⇿◚ࡉࡏ䣍ኳ࡟ྥࡅ࡚࡝ࡼࡵ࠿ࡏࡿࡢࡔ࡜࠸
࠿ࡋ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡀ୍␒ዟࡢ㒊ᒇࡲ࡛㏨ࡆ㞃ࢀࡋࡼ࠺࡜䣍⾑ሬࡽࢀࡓᮍ᮶࡜࠸
࡜ゝ࠸࡟᮶࡚ࡶ䣍┦ᡭ࡟ࡏࢇ࠿ࡽ࡞䣎
260
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබ 䥹ࣝࣥࣉ࡟ᑠኌ࡛䥺ࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡟ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ࡜䣍࠶䣬ࡓ࠿䣎
᫬௦ࡢࡈධ᮶ࡔ䣎
࠺ព㆑ࡶ࠶ࡿ䣎࠾ࡲ࠼ࡣ⾜ືࢆ㉳ࡇࡋࡓ䣎ࡼ࠿ࢁ࠺䣎㛛ࡀ㛤ࡃ䣎ᜍࡿ࡭ࡁ
ࣝࣥࣉ 䥹ྠᵝ࡟䥺බ∖ࡉࡲࡣࡈᏑࡌ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ⓚᖇࡣ䣍ㄡ࠿ࡀヰࡋ࠿ࡅ
ࡼ࠺࡜ࡋࡓࡔࡅ࡛䣍▷ยࢆ᣺ࡾᅇࡋ࡚⬣ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎
➼᪘ࡣఱࢆᮃࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ䣎▱䣬࡚࠸ࡿ࠿䣎
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡼ࠿ࢁ࠺䣎࠾ࡲ࠼ࡣ௒䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡀៅ㔜࡟ᆒ⾮ࢆಖࡓࡓࡏ࡚ࡁࡓ
ࣝࣥࣉ ⨫ྡධࡾࡢᩥ᭩ࢆ⨺⓶⣬࡟ࡃࡿࡳ䣍ࢡ䣹ࢩ䣼ࣥ࡟ࡢࡏ࡚ᤝࡆᣢ䣬࡚
ࡲ࠸䣬࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡑࢀࡣ௨๓䣍ᙼࡽࡀࢃࡓࡋ࡟ᢎㅙࢆồࡵ࡚࠸ࡓສチ≧ࡔ䣎ࡔࡀ䣍
ࡣᦂࢀ࡚䣍⾑ࡲࡳࢀࡢṚࡢ㐠࿨ࡀ䣍ᆒ⾮ࢆኻ䣬ࡓ୧᪉ࡢ─࠿ࡽࡇࡢ༴࠺࠸
࠶ࡢ᫬ࢃࡓࡋࡣ䣍ᙼࡽ࡟ಙ௮ࡍࡿᶒ฼ࡣಖ㞀ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡢ䣍᧕ࡡࡘࡅ࡚ࡋࡲ
⛗ࡢ㔪ඛࢆᥱ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎࠾ࡲ࠼ࡀⲨ䣬ࡱࡃ㏕䣬࡚ࡘࡘ࠸ࡓࡶࡢࡔ࠿ࡽ䣍㔪
ୡ⏺࡟ⴠࡕ࡚ࡃࡿ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡀᙅ࠸Ṛࡍ࡭ࡁே㛫࡛࠶䣬࡚䣍⚄࡛࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ
䣬ࡓ䣎
䥹ⱞࠎࡋࡆ࡟䥺ᙼࡽ࡟ࡣዎ⣙ࢆ⤖ࡪⰋ࠸₻᫬ࡢࡼ࠺ࡔ࡞䣎
䥹ࣅࣞ䣹ࢱ
㛶ୗ䣍ఱࡓࡿࡇ࡜䣍௒ࡈࢁ࡟࡞䣬࡚₞ࡃศ࠿ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡒ䣎࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ኱
ࣝࣥࣉ შ࡟↽ࡽࢀ࡚䣍ྠᵝ࡟ཧෆࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎䥹ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබ࡟䥺࠶࠶䣍
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ➼᪘ࡔ࡜㸽
ࡢ⛛ᗎࡢ෗ࡋ⤮࡜࡞ࡍࡇ࡜䣍୙ṇࡸ⿬ษࡾ࡟ᝨࢃࡉࢀࡎ࡟䣍ᖹ࿴࡜༠ㄪࡀ
࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎࡛ࡍࡀ䣍ࢃࡓࡃࡋ⮬㌟ࡢ௙஦ࡣ䣍ࡇࡢୡ⏺ࢆ㙾࡜࡞ࡋ䣍࠶࡞ࡓ
ࡤ࠾ᮃࡳࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ䣍ே▱ࡢཬࡤࡠ㐨ࢆ㏻䣬࡚┠ⓗᆅࡲ࡛࠾㐠ࡧ࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜
ᚚᅜࡢࡶࡢࢆ࠾㏉ࡋࡋࡲࡍ䣍࠶࡞ࡓࡇࡑᙉ⪅࡛࠶ࡽࢀࡲࡍࡺ࠼䣎ࡑ࠺ࡍࢀ
බẊୗࡣࡦࡑ࠿࡟ࣈࣝࣀ࠿ࡽࢱ䤀࣎ࣝ ࡟⛣ື࡞ࡉࢀࡓ䣎ࡑࡇ࠿ࡽẊୗࡣ
ࡢຊࡣ࠶ࡊ➗ࢃࢀ䣍ࢃࡓࡃࡋࡶ᭱᪩ࡇࢀࢆᢸ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎
ྡ㄃࡜ࢃࡓࡃࡋࡢྡ㄃ࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺஧㔜ࡢ௵ົ䣍ࡇࡢ㔜ࡳ࡟ࢃࡓࡃࡋ
ࢆ⬺ࡂ䣍⃭ࡋࡃ䥺ࢃࡓࡃࡋ࡟௵ົࢆ࠾୚࠼࡟࡞䣬ࡓ඲⬟ࡢ⚄ࡼ䣍࠶࡞ࡓࡢ
⨥࡟࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡞ࡽ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢᑼᣔ࠸ࡣࡈචࡔ䣎
ἲ㝔㛗 ࢆ࿧࡭䣎
࡞ࡉ䣬࡚࠾࠸࡛࡛ࡍ䣎
ࣝࣥࣉ Ẋ䣍ࡶ࠺ࡇࡇ࡟᮶ࡽࢀ࡚䣍ࢫ࣌࢖ࣥᗈ㛫࡟࡚➼᪘ࡢ࠿ࡓࡀࡓ࡟ヰࢆ
44
ྡ㄃ࢆ㔜ࢇࡌࡿ࡜ࡣ࠸࠼
ࡑࢀ࡟䣍⚾฼⚾ḧ࡜㈾ࡋࡉࡢ㏻䣬࡚ࡺࡃ㑧
ᛅᐇ
┦࿴ࡋ࡚᠁࠺ࡼ࠺࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜䣍⚄ࡼ䣍ࡈຓຊࡃࡔࡉࡿ࡞ࡽ䣍ࡇ࠺࠸࠺௙஦
ᮏᙜࡣࡓࡔ
䢣
࠺䣎ࡘࡲࡾᙼࡽࡀᐇ┤࡟࡞ࡿ᫬࡜ࡣ
䢣
㐨ࢆఱ࡜࿧ࡰ࠺࡜䣎䥹ᡬ࡟ྥ࠿䣬࡚ᩘṌṌ࠸࡚࠿ࡽ䣍❧ࡕṆࡲࡾ䣍㊊ࢆ㋃
࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࡀ
䢣
௒ࡸ䣍ེ஘㌷ࡢྜὶ࡛රຊࢆᙉࡵ䣍㌷㝲ࢆ⋡࠸࡚ࣉࣛࣁ࡟㏆࡙࠸࡚᮶ࡿࡢ
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡑࡢᐉゝࡢෆᐜࡣ▱䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡒ䣎ᖺᐤࡾࡢࢃࡓࡋࡀពᚿⷧᙅ࡛䣍
ᖇᅜ࠿ࡽࡶ䣍ᖇᅜࡢ៧៖ࡍ࡭ࡁ஦ែ࠿ࡽࡶ㏨ࡆ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡔࢁ࠺䣎ࡋ
䢣
ࢆࡍࡿࡘࡶࡾ࡛ࡍ䣎䥹ࣅࣞ䣹ࢱࢆ෌ࡧ࠿ࡪࡾ䥺ᐇ┤࡞➼᪘ࡢ࡜ࡇࢁ࡟⾜ࡇ
ࡣⓚᖇ㝎ୗ࡟♩ࢆኻࡋ࡚
䢣
࡛ࡍ䣎⏫ࡣືᦂࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ䣎ᐉゝࡀ⾤ゅ࡟ᥖ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ䣎ࡑࡢᐉゝᩥ
45
‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
࠺࠿ࡽඛ࡟⛉ࢆసࡿ࡞࡝ࡋ࡚䣍࠶ࡢ⏨ࡢᚰࢆࡑࡑ䣬ࡓࡢ࡛࡞࠸࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢヰ
ࡔࡀ䣎
᫬Ⅼ࡛ࡲࡔ☜ᐇ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡋ䣍ᵝࠎ࡞ࡇ࡜࡟ᕥྑࡉࢀࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࡀ䣎
ࣦࣔࣛ䣵࢔ࡣ࡝࠺ࡔ䣬ࡓ䣎
ࡲࡍ䣎ᘵࡂࡳࡣඛ㡭䣍ฟ❧࡞ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࡀ
䢣
࡚㏄࠼ࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓ䣎ࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࡢᩍ఍ࡣᘵࡂࡳ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㛤࠿ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ
ࢃࡅࢃࡓࡃࡋࡵ࡜ྠࡌ᐀ὴࡢಙᚐ࠿ࡽ䣍ⱞࡋ࠸᫬ࡢᩆୡ୺䣍࡜Ḽኌࢆࡶ䣬
ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ ࢃࡓࡃࡋࡵ䣍ࣈࣝࣀ࡛ᘵࡂࡳࡢධᇛࢆぢࡲࡋࡓ䣎ᘵࡂࡳࡣ࡜ࡾ
┿⌮࡜
ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ 㐪࠸ࡲࡍ䣎
ࡾ䣯࠺ࡅ࠸ࡋࡁ
୧ ᙧ Ⰽ ὴ ࡛ࡍ䣎࣑࣎࣊࢔ࡢ᐀ὴ࡛ࡍ䣎
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ཱྀᩘࡀᑡ࡞࠸࡞䣎ࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺ࠿㸽
ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ
䢣
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ 䥹ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබ࡟䥺ࡁ䣬࡜࢘䣵䤀ࣥ࡟ᡠ䣬ࡓࡢࡔ䣎ࡸࡘ࡟ࡣຬ
ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ ⾜ࡃඛࡣᏑࡌࡲࡏࢇ䣎
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ฟ❧㸽 ࡝ࡇ࡬ࡔ䣎
቎ࡲ࡛ࡶᵝࠎࡔ䣎ࡲ࠶ࡼ࠿ࢁ࠺䣎ࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࡢࡇ࡜ࡣ௨ᚋ䣍ᚰ㓄ࡏࡎ
Ẽࡀ࡞࠸䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡣ࠶ࡢே㛫ࢆ▱䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ጞࡵࡣࡍࡤࡸࡃ࡜ࡶ䣍⾜ື࡟
ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ ኱බẊୗࡣฟ❧࡞ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࡀ䣍ᇳົ௦⾜࡟ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝྖᩍࡀ
ṧࡽࢀ࡚䣍ᅜቃࡢེ஘㌷ ࡜Ẽ⬦ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡞ࡐࡲࡓ䣎ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࡔ࡜㸽 ࢃࡓࡋ࡟㏣ᨺฎศࢆཷࡅ࡚⮬ศ
ࡢᩍ༊ࡢࣀ࢖ࢩ䣻ࢱ䣹ࢺ࡟⾜䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡣࡎ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿䣎
ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ ࣈࣝࣀ࡟࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡍ䣎Ᏻ඲࡞ㆤ⾨ࢆ࠾㢗ࡳࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟䣍┤᥋࠶
ࡢ࠿ࡓ࡟㠃ㄯࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠸ࡲࡋࡓ䣎࠶ࡢ࠿ࡓࡣ኱බẊୗࡢ୍␒ࡢഃ㏆࡛ࡈࡊ
࠸ࡲࡍ䣎
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ 䥹ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබ࡟ྥ࠿䣬࡚䥺ࡲࡎ࠸࡞䣎࠶ࡢᝏ㈼࠸ᆓ୺ࡀࡸࡘ
࡟࡞࠸ຬẼ࡜⾜ືຊࢆࡸࡘࡢඃᰂ୙᩿࡞ᚰ࡟ὀࡂ㎸ࢇࡔࡽ䣎ࡲࡎ࠸࡞䣎⪃
䣬࡚䥺཭ࡼ䣍ឤㅰࡍࡿ䣎ୗࡀ䣬࡚ࡼ࠸ࡒ䣎ࡑࢀ࡟䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢᏊ౪ࡣࢃࡓࡋ
࠼ࢀࡤ⪃࠼ࡿ࡯࡝䣍༴ᶵⓗ≧ἣࡀᮏ≀࡟࡞䣬࡚ࡺࡃ䣎
䥹ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ࡟ྥ࠿
ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ 䥹ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබ࡟䥺࡛ࡣࡇࢀ࡛࠾ᬤ࡛ࡁࡲࡋ䣯࠺࠿䣎
ࣜ䤀⋤ࡔ࡜㸽 ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡽ࠿ࡌࡵ⋤఩ᚋ⥅⪅࡜࡛ࡶぢ࡞ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿䣎௒ࡢ
䥹ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉࡀ㏥ᐊࡋ䣍ᡬࡀ㛤࠸ࡓࡲࡲ࡟࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛䥺
ࡢㆤ⾨ࢆ࠶࡚࡟ࡍࡿࡀࡼ࠸䣎
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡲࡉ࠿䣎
ࡸࡘࡢེ஘ࡶ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢሗ࿌ࡶ⤊ࢃࡾࡔ䣎
࡜ࡶࡼ࠸ࡒ䣎ࡸࡘࢆ⟽ධࡾፉࡢࡼ࠺࡟ὀពࡋ࡚ぢᙇࡿ࠿ࡽ࡞䣎࠸ࡎࢀࡸࡘ
࠾ࡲ࠼ࡣ࢘䣵䤀ࣥ࠿ࡽ᮶ࡓࡢࡔ䣬ࡓ࡞䣎࠿ࡢᆅ࡛㉳ࡇ䣬࡚࠸
ࡣࡓࡵࡽ࠸ࡀฟ࡚ࡃࡿ䣎
䥹ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ࡟䥺཭ࡼ䣍ឤㅰࡍࡿ䣎ࡼࡃศ࠿䣬ࡓ䣎
ࡀࡼ࠸䣎
ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆࢃࡓࡋࡣ▱䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡑࢀࢆ⪏࠼ᚸࢇࡔࡾ䣍ᡭࢆ᣺䣬࡚ࡸࡵࡉࡏ
ࡓࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡔࡀ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࢆࡈࡃ㉁ᐇ࡞⏨࡜ぢ㎸ࢇ࡛䣍ఱࢆぢࡓࡢ࠿᫝
㠀࡜ࡶ⪺ࡁࡓ࠸䣎
ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ 䥹ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚䥺ᛅㄔࡢㄋ࠸ࡢࡇ࡜࡛㸽䥹ⓚᖇ࡟ྥ࠿
䣬࡚䥺ࢃࡓࡃࡋࡵ䣍࢘䣵䤀ࣥ࡟࡚ᒃྜࢃࡏࡲࡋࡓ䣎୧࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜ࢔ ࡀ䣍
ูⲮࡢ㛫࡟࡚ᘵࡂࡳ኱බ࡟ᛅㄔࢆㄋ䣬࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ኱බࡢྡ࡛ᛅㄔࡢㄋ࠸ࢆཷࡅࡓࡢ࡞ࡽ䣍ࡓࡋ࠿࡟ᘵࡔ䣎
ࢀ䣍ࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀⋤࡜࿧ࡤࢀ࡚ᢿᡭ႑㔗ࡢḼ㏄ࢆཷࡅࡲࡋࡓ䣎
ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ ኱බ࡝ࡢࡣᗈ㛫࡟ධࡽࢀࡲࡍ࡜䣍ࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀ࡢ㈗᪘࡟ྲྀࡾᕳ࠿
42
43
䢣
ࡀኪࡢ࠺ࡕ࡟Ṛࢇࡔ࡜⪥࡟ࡋࡓࡽ䣍⑓ྡࡣ≢⨥䣍་⪅ࡢྡࡣฮ⨩ࡔ࡜ᛮ࠺
䢣
ࡣ ယ ࢀ ࡞ ࡶ ࡢ ࡼ 䣎 ᛀ ࢀ ࠿ ࡅ࡚ ࠸ ࡓ ࡀ 䣍 ᐀ ὴ ࡢ ᩘ ࡔ ࡅ ໃ ຊ ᅪ ࡶ ࠶ ࡿ ࡢ ࡔ 䣍
ࡢ࠿䣎ࣇࣛࣥࢫ࡜࠿ࢠࣜࢩ䣺ࡸࢫ࣌࢖ࣥࡢࡶࡢࡶ࠸࠿ࢇࡢ࠿䣎
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡑ࠺࠿䣎࡞࡟ࡺ࠼࣑࣎࣊࢔ࡢ᐀ὴ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎ࢻ࢖ࢶࡢ࡛ࡣ࠸࠿ࢇ
41
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࢃࡓࡋࡀ࿨ࡌ࡚࠿ࡽࡔ䣎ࡑࢀࡼࡾ᪩ࡃࡶ㐜ࡃࡶ࡞ࡽࢇ䣎ࣁࣥ࢞
261
࡚⾜㌷ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎
䢣
ࢃࡓࡋࡢ┠ࡣ࠾ࡠ
ࢸ䣵ࣜ䤀ࡀ࠿ࡢᆅࢆᢲࡉ࠼㎸ࢇ࡛
䢣
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ぢࡓࡢ࠿䣎
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ぢ࡚ࡣ࠾ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎
ࡣ࡞
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡞ࡽࡤゝ࠺࡞䣎ㄡࡶࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀ㐪࠺ࡶࡢࢆぢࡿ䣎࠸ࡸ䣍ఱࡶぢ
࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢࡔ䣎ࡑࢀ࡛࠸࡚䣍➃࠿ࡽࡶ࠺ఱࡢᙺ࡟ࡶ❧ࡓ࡞࠸ᛅ࿌ࢆࡍࡿ䣎
ࢀᡠࡋࡓࡢ࡜ྠࡌ⪅࡛ࡍ䣎
࡛ࡍ䣎ᙼࡣぢ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎㝎ୗࡢ㏨㉮රࢆ
䢣
ࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡀ䣍ࡑࡢ⪅ࡢࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ᭱㧗ࡔ࡞䣎
㐃
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡑࡢ⏨䣍㐃ࢀ࡚ࡲ࠸ࢀ䣎఍䣬࡚ࡳࡓ࠸䣎㛗ᖺ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡜ዊ௙ࡉ
ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࢆ
䢣
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࡦ࡜ࡾࡢ⏨ࡀࡇࡇ࡟࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࣈࣝࣀ ࡜࢘䣵䤀ࣥ࠿ࡽ᮶ࡓ⪅
ᙼࡢᩍ࠼ࡀ᪂ࡓ࡟άⓎ࡟࡞䣬࡚ࡁ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࣉࣛࣁ࡛ࡍ࡛࡟࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢ
⤖♫ࡀ༠㆟ࡋ䣍ྜὶ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡋࡓ䣎
ࡢẸࡣ㡹㏞ࡔࡀᛅᐇ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࡒ䣎
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࠾ࡠࡋࡣ⮬ศࡀఱࢆゝ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ศ࠿䣬࡚࠸࡞࠸䣎࣑࣎࣊࢔
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࠸ࡸ䣍࠶ࢀࡣᘵࡂࡳࡢࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀㌷࡛ࡍ䣎࣑࣎࣊࢔࡛ࡶ
ࡃࢀࡿ䣎
ࡋࡀ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࡯࡝⠇✰࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡑࢀࡣࢃࡓࡋࡀὴ㐵ࡋࡓࢸ䣵ࣜ䤀 ࡔ䣎
䢣
37
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࡜ࡾࢃࡅ኱᫇ࡢಙᛕ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᛅᐇ࡛ࡍ䣎ࣇࢫ ࡣṚ࡟ࡲࡋࡓࡀ䣍
38
40
262
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡉ䣬ࡉ࡜࿧࡭䣍ఱࢆࡄࡎࡄࡎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣍࡞ࡐࡲࡔ┠ࡢ๓࡟࠸࡞
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ᥍࠼ࡢ㛫࡟ࡲ࠸䣬࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ 䥹ᡬ࡟ྥ࠿䣬࡚䥺࡛䣍ࢃࡓࡋ࡟ࡣࡑࡢࡇ࡜ࢆఅࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿䣎
࠸ࡢࡔ䣎ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࡵ㸟 ఱ࡜ࢃࡓࡋࡢᚰࡀᛣ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡼ䣎⏕
㤿࡟ࡣᡭ⥘ࡀᚲせࡔ䣎᧯ࡾᡭࡣ࠸ࡎࢀぢࡘ࠿ࡿࡔࢁ࠺䣎࠾ࡑࡽࡃ㤿ີࡶ䣎
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࠶ࡿ⪅ࡣࡇ࠺ゝ࠸䣍࠶ࡿ⪅ࡣ࠶࠶ゝ࠺䣎⮬ศ࡟㒔ྜࡢࡼ࠸ࡼ࠺
䥹ࡇࡢ⛉ⓑࡢ㛫࡟ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබ䣍ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵࢔ࡢ∗ぶࢆ㐃ࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ䥺
ࡑ࠺࠸࠺Ꮚࢆ⫱ࡴ᫬௦ࡀᝏ࠸䣎ࡇࡢᭀࢀ
࡟ពぢࢆゝ࠺䣎ࢃࢀࢃࢀ⋤౳ࡣယࢀ࡞ࡶࡢࡼ䣎ୡ࡟㞃ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ▱
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ 䥹ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ࡟ᩘṌ㏆ࡼ䣬࡚⾜ࡁ䥺࠶࠶䣍⤀ኈ࡟఍࠼ࡓࡒ䣎
䥹࠶
ពẼ࡞䣍᫬௦ࡢⴠ࡜ࡋᏊࡼ䣎
䢣
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ⏦ࡋヂࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡏࢇ䣍Ẋ䣎㝎ୗ࡟ሗ࿌ࡀୖࡀ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪺࠸࡚
䢣
࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡀ
䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡀ䣍ஒ㣗ࡸ᪥㞠࠸ேࡀ▱䣬࡚࠸ࡿ᫂ࡽ࠿࡞ࡇ࡜ࡀࢃࢀࢃࢀ࡟ࡣ⛎
࡜ࡎࡉ䣬࡚䥺ࡑࡇ࡟࠸ࢁ䣍ᡬࡢ࡜ࡇࢁࡔ䣎ࣉࣛࣁࡢẸࡔ࡞䣎
ᐦ࡟ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔ䣎࠾ࡲࡅ࡟䣍ࡇࡇࡢ࡜ࡇࢁᐇ࡟ἑᒣࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ∦࡙ࡅࡡ
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࠸ࡘ࠿ࡽᕷẸࡀṊ⿦ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞䣬ࡓ䣎
ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ ࡉࡼ࠺࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣍㝎ୗ䣎
ወ㊧ࢆ㉳ࡇࡍ⏨࡛࡞䣍ኳᆅ๰㐀ࡢኪ࡟ධࡾ㎸ࢇ࡛䣍⚄࠿ࡽ୚࠼ࡽࢀࡓග࡛
ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ 䥹࣋ࣝࢺ࡟ᤃࢇࡔ▷ยࢆぢࡸ䣬࡚䥺Ẋ䣍ࡇࡢᝏ࠸᫬௦ࡀṊ⿦ࡏ
ࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠿䣬ࡓ䣎ࢫࢥ䣹ࢺࣛࣥࢻࡢࢹ䣵䤀 ࡜࠸࠺⪅ࡀ᮶࡚࠸ࡓ䣎▱ᜨࡢ
ࡑࡢኪࡢ㜌ࢆ↷ࡽࡋฟࡍࡢࡔࡼ䣎㏆㡭ࡣࡎ࠸ࡪࢇຮᙉࡋࡓ䣎࠶ࢇ࡞⏨ࡀࡦ
࠿䣬࡚⾜ࡁ࡞ࡀࡽ䥺࡛ࡍࡀ䣍ࡸࡣࡾ
䢣
ࡼ࡜࿨ࡌࡿࡢ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎䥹▷ยࢆ㠧ࡈ࡜࣋ࣝࢺ࠿ࡽᢤࡁฟࡋ䣍ᡬ࡟ྥ
࡞࠿ࢁ࠺࡟࡞䣎
࡜ࡾࡔࡅ࡛ࡶ࿡᪉࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࢀࡤ䣍ࡇࡢୡ⏺࡜ࡑࡢ⬣ጾ࡟ࡓࡌࢁࡄࡇ࡜ࡣ
39
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡇࡇ࡟࠸ࡿࡢࡔ䣎࠾ࡲ࠼ࡣࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀࡜ྡ஌䣬࡚࠸ࡿ㏨ஸ⪅ࢆ
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ 㝎ୗࡣ⿬ษࡽࢀ䣍኎ࡽࢀࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎㝎ୗࡣᏛࡤࢀࡿ୍᪉࡛䣍ୡ
ᤕࡽ࠼࡚䣍ᣊ⚗ࡍࡿࡼ࠺ࢃࢀࢃࢀ࡟ᘬࡁΏࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡓ䣎ឤㅰࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟䣍
ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢፉࢆࡸࡘ࠿ࡽᏲ䣬࡚ࡸࡾࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠺䣎ࡓࡔࡋ䣍ፉࡢ࡯
⏺࡟ེ஘ࢆᩍ࠼࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡍ䣎ེ஘ࡣࡍ࡛࡟㌼ࢆゎ࠿ࢀ䣍㝎ୗࡢ࠸ࡃࡘࡶ
ࡢ⏫࡛Ⲩࢀ≬䣬࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎
‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
ࡔ䣎ࡸࡘࡽࡣࡇ࠺ྉࡪ䣎࠾ࢀ࡟ࡶศࡅ๓ࢆ䣍࠸ࡸ䣍඲㒊ࡼࡇࡏ䣎ࢃࢀࡽࡀ
ࡣࡶ࠺࡞ࡃࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ᒌ࡛䣍Ṥ࡝⢭⚄ࡸពᛮࡢ࡞࠸≀య࡟㏆࠸ࡶࡢ
ࡓࡉࢀ࡞࠸໬ࡅ≀ࡔ䣎ࡇࡸࡘࡣࡏ䣬࠿ࡃ᫨ࢆᡭ࡟ධࢀ࡚ࡶ䣍ࡑࡢ᫨ࢆኪ࡟
ࡃࡿ䣎ᗈ࠸⫪࡟኱ࡁࡃ⿣ࡅࡓཱྀࢆࡋ࡚䣍ఱ࡛ࡶḧࡋࡀࡾ䣍ఱ࡟ࡼ䣬࡚ࡶ‶
ࡿ䣎ࡑࡋ࡚ࡘ࠸࡟ࡣ᭱ᗏ㎶࠿ࡽ䣍ぢࡿࡶ࠾ࡒࡲࡋ࠸໬ࡅ≀ࡀ㏺࠸ୖࡀ䣬࡚
㔜ຊࡢ୰ᚰⅬ࡛䣍㐓⬺ࡋࡓ⪅ࡓࡕࡢᖐ㑏ࢆᚅࡕཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎
࡞ࡀࡽ䣍Ọ㐲࡞ࡿ⮬↛ࡢṌࡳࢆᶍೌࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎࠿ࡃ࡚䣍࠾ࡢࡀ
ࡢ⢭⚄࡜୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ䣍ហ࠿࡜ぢࡏ࠿ࡅ㈼ࡃ䣍ࡍࡤࡸ࠸࡜ྠ᫬࡟ࡓࡵࡽ࠸
᪂ࡋ࠸ࡶࡢࢆ࿧ࡧ㉳ࡇࡋࡓࡾࡋ࡞࠸࠿ࡽࡔ䣎ࡑ࠺ࡔ࡜ࡶ䣍ࢃࡀ⋤ᐙࡣᏱᐂ
ࢇ࡜࡞ࢀࡤ䣍ࢃࡀ⋤ᐙࡣே㛫ࡢὸ▱ᜨ࡟ࡼ䣬࡚᪂ࡋ࠸ࡶࡢ࡟ඛ⾜ࡋࡓࡾ䣍
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࡋ࠿ࡋ㝎ୗࡢᘵࡂࡳࡀࡓࡢ࠾⪃࠼ࡣࡉࡼ࠺࡛ࡣࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡏࢇ䣎
ከᩘὴ࡛䣍ᙉ⪅࡞ࢇࡔ࠿ࡽ䣎࠶ࢇࡓࡽ࡜ྠࡌே㛫࡞ࢇࡔ䣎ࢃࢀࡽ࡟ࢃࢀࡽ
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ᘵࡶ㈼ࡃࡣ࡞࠸ࡀ䣍ᝏࡃ࡞࠸䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡣࡸࡘ࡟₇ᢏࡍࡿሙࢆ୚
࠼࡚ࡸࡿ䣎㐟ࡧࡓࡀ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡞䣎
ࡢᶒ฼ࢆ䣍࡜࡞䣎
䣍࠼
䣍ࡿ
䣍ࡇ
䣍࡜
䣍࡜ⱞ
䣍ࡋ
䣍ࡴ
䣍ࡇ
䣍࡜
䣍࡞ࡢࡔ䣎ࡲࡔ⏿ࡣ࡞࠿
ே㛫ࡢᶒ฼࡜ࡣ䣍཭ࡼ䣍㣚
䣬ࡓ䣎ࡑࢀ࠿ࡽ⏿ࡀᩗ⹥࡞⫱ᡂࡢᐇࢆ⤖ࡧ䣍୍ᖺࡢ⵳࠼ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ⮬ຊ࡛ㅮ࿴ࢆ⤖ࡤࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ㐟ࡧࡔ䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ࠿䣎₇ᢏ࡞ࡢ࡛
ࡋ䣯࠺࠿䣍࠶ࡢ࠿ࡓࡀᅜ࡛୺ྩᙺࢆ₇ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ䣎
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࠾ࡠࡋࡀゝⴥ࡛㐟ࡪࡼ࠺࡟䣍ࡸࡘࡣᶒຊ࡛㐟ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡢࡔ䣎
䣬ࡓ䣎ࡑࢀࡣࡲࡔ䣍⫗ぶࢆࡶẅࡍ㔝⋇ࡀṊჾࢆᣢࡓ࡞࠸ே㛫ࢆẅࡋࡓࡾ䣍
෤ ࡟ ࡞ 䣬 ࡚ 㣚 㤡 ࡀ ∳ࢆ ࡴ ࠸࡚ ᖺ ࡈ ࡜ ࡟ ே 㛫 ࠿ ࡽ ཰ ✭ ࢆ ዣ 䣬 ࡚ ࠸ ࡓ ᫇ ࡢ ࡇ
ࢺ ࣝࢥ ࡣ ࠶ ࡢ ࠿ ࡓ ࡟ ࣁ ࣥ ࢞ ࣜ 䤀 ࡢ ⋤ ෙ ࢆ ᕪ ࡋ ฟ ࡋ ࡓ ࡑ ࠺࡛ ࡍ
ࣘ 䤀ࣜ ࢘ ࢫ
Ẋ䣍ࢃࡓࡃࡋࡣࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥ
࠿ࡢᆅࡣࢺࣝࢥࡢࡶࡢ䣎ఱࡢ඙
ೃࡔ䣎
䢣
࠿ࡢᆅࡢࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࡀᘵࡂࡳ࡟䣍ಙ௮άືࢆಖ㞀ࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺௦ൾ
ࢺ࡛ࡍࡀ䣍ࡑࢀࡣಙ௮࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡢࡳࡢࡇ࡜䣍ᨻ἞ⓗ཯ᢠࡣ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡏࢇ䣎
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࡢ௙ᴗ࡛ࡍ䣎
䢣
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ఱ䣍ࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀ࡢ⋤ෙࡔ࡜㸽
ࡒ䣎
࡜ࡔ䣎ᶒ฼ࡀඖ᮶࠸࠿࡞ࡿࡶࡢࡔ䣬ࡓ࠿▱ࡾࡓࡅࢀࡤ䣍ཎึࡢ≧ែ࡟❧ࡕ
䣍ᗎ
䣍ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋ⤥࠸䣍∞᮶䣍ࡇࡢୡ࡟ග
࠿࠼ࡽࡡࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸䣎ࡋ࠿ࡋ⚄ࡀ⛛
ࡀࡉࡋ䣍ࡑࡢ⋇ࡣே㛫࡜࡞䣬ࡓ䣎
ࢃ ࡓ ࡋ ࡣ ࢫ ࢟ ࢱ ࢖ ࡔ ࡢ ࣁ ࢨ 䤀 ࣝ ࡔ ࡢ ࡜ ゝ 䣬 ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡢ࡛ ࡣ ࡞ ࠸ 䣎 ࠶ ࡢ ே
✀ࡣ࠿ࡘ࡚ྂ௦ୡ⏺ࡢ㍤ࡁࢆᾘࡋཤ䣬ࡓࡀ䣍௒ࡢ᫬௦ࢆ⬣࠿ࡋࡣࡋ࡞࠸䣎
ࡼ ࡑ ࡢ Ẹ ᪘ ࡀ ၥ 㢟 ࡞ ࡢ࡛ ࡣ ࡞ ࠸ 䣎 ࢃ ࡀ Ẹ ࡢ ẕ ⫾ ࠿ ࡽ ஘ ᭀ ࡟ 㔝 ⻅ ே ࡀ ⏕ ࡲ
ࢀࡿࡢࡔ䣎㔝⻅ேࡣ䣍ไᚚࡍࡿࡶࡢࡀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾࡉ࠼ࡍࢀࡤ䣍ⱁ⾡䣍Ꮫၥ䣍
࡜ࡋ࡚䣍༝᛼࡟ࡶຓຊࢆㄋ䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎
✺ࡁ ⴠ ࡜ ࡋ 䣍 ࠾ ࡢ ࡀ ༝ ㈾ ࡢ ᇦ ࡟ ࡲ࡛ ㈘ ࡵ 䣍 ࡘ ࠸ ࡟ ࡣ ఱ ࡶ ࠿ ࡶ ࡝ ࠺ ࡛ ࡶ ࡼ
䣬࡚ࡶࢃࡓࡋࡣ༢࡟⏽ᩗࡍࡿ࠿ࡽࡔࡀ䣍ࡸࡘࡣᜍᛧࡍࡿࡀࡺ࠼࡞ࡢࡔ䣎ࡸ
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡸࡘࡣࢃࡓࡋ௨ୖ࡟࢝ࢺࣜ䣹ࢡࡢಙ⪅ࡔ䣎ྠࡌ࢝ࢺࣜ䣹ࢡ࡜࠸
࠸ ࡶ ࡢ ࡟ ࡋ࡚ ࡋ ࡲ ࠺ 䣎 ࡑ ࠺ ࡔ 䣍 ࡑ ࢀ ࡣ ఱ ࡶ ࠿ ࡶ ࡀ ప ຎ ࡟ ࡞ 䣬 ࡚ ࡋ ࡲ ࠺ ࠿
ࡘࡀಙ௮ࡢ⮬⏤࡜ࡣ኱ࡋࡓఝࡘ࠿ࢃࡋࡉࡔ䣎
ᅜ ᐙ 䣍 ᩍ ఍ ࡜ ࠸ 䣬 ࡓ ࠶ ࡽ ࡺ ࡿ ೧ ኱ ࡞ ࡶ ࡢࢆ 䣍 ࡑ ࢀ ࡽ ࢆ ಖ ㆤ ࡍ ࡿ 㧗 ࡳ ࠿ ࡽ
ࡽ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎䥹⭜ࢆୗࢁࡍ䥺
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ 㝎ୗࡣᮍ᮶ࢆ䣍඲యࢆṇࡋࡃぢᐃࡵ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡍ䣎
࡛ࡍࡀ䣍ಶࠎ
ࣦ䣵࢔࡛ࡣࡍ࡛࡟⾜ືࡀᗈࡀ䣬࡚࠾ࡾ䣍ㅖᅜࡢ㒊㝲ࡀ࠶ࡕࡇࡕࡢ⏫ࢆ㏻䣬
࠾ࡘࡶࡾ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡑࡢᙳ㡪ࡣ௒ࡢ࡜ࡇࢁࡓ࠸ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡀ䣍ࣔࣛ
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ᘵࡂࡳࡣࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࢆ฼⏝ࡋ䣍࠶࡜࡟࡞䣬࡚ḭࡃ
ࡢ஦ែࡣ䣍ࡲࡓ⌧ᅾࡢࡇࡢ᫬ࡣᕪࡋ㏕䣬࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࣁࣉࢫࣈࣝࢡᐙࡣṧࡿࡔࢁ࠺䣍࡜ࡇࡋ࠼࡟䣎ศ࠿䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎࡞
263
ࡔ࡜ࡶ䣍ᚰ⮚ࡢ㰘ືࡀᬮࡵ࡚ࡃࢀࡿෆ㠃࡟䣍῝࠸࿨ࡢ⬦ᢿ࡛㧗ᥭࡍࡿෆ㠃
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࡋ࠿ࡋ䣍ࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀ࡢᡓࡣ㸽
Ẽ࡙࠿ࢀ࡚࠾ࡽࢇ䣎
ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣࡲࡔㄡ࡟ࡶ
࠺࡟៮ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ䣎ᡓࡢ๢ࡀ⤠ࡾྲྀࡿᾦࡢ୍⢏୍⢏ࢆ㉢࠼ࡿ࡞ࡽ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡢ
࣓ࢲࣝࡢࡘ࠸ࡓ㙐ࢆྲྀࡾฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䥺ࢫࣟ䤀࢞ࣥࡣࡇ࠺ࡔ䣎ࢃࡓࡋ࡛࡞ࡃ䣍
䢣
࡟ࡘࡅࡽࢀࡿࡢࡔ䣎࠾ࡠࡋࡢ᭹ࢆ㛤࠸࡚ࡃࢀ䣎
⾑ࡢ୍⁲୍⁲ࢆᕪࡋฟࡋࡶࡋࡼ࠺䣎ࡋ࠿ࡋ䣍ࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀ࡢᡓࡣࡼ࠸䣎࠶ࢀ
⚄ࡢࡳࡀ
ෆ஘ࡼࡾࡣࡼ࠸ࡋ䣍ಙ௮ࡸᩍ⩏ࢆㄽதࡍࡿࡼࡾࡣࡼ࠸䣎⯆ዧࡀ෭ࡵ࡚㙠ࡲ
࡟ࡒ䣬࡜ࡉࡏࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎࠶ࡽࡺࡿᡓ࡟࿚࠸࠶ࢀ䣎ࡔࡀ䣍ࢺࣝࢥ࡜ࡢᡓࡣ
࠾ ࡢ ࢀ ࡢ ⚄ ࡀ ៮ ࡋ ࡳ ࢆ ᢪ ࠸࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡞ ࡝ ࡜ ႖ ఏ ࡍ ࡿ ≬ ಙ ⪅ ࡀ ࢺ ࣝ ࢥ ࡢ ᜍ ᛧ
ࢆ⏬⟇ࡍࡿࣝࢱ䤀ὴࢆ࠾࡜࡞ࡋࡃࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࢃࡀ࢝ࢺࣜ䣹ࢡࡢഃ࡛ࡶ䣍
ᡭ࡟ධࢀࡓ≉ู࡞㔠ࡔ䣎ࡔࡀࡶ࠺᭹ࢆ㛢ࡌࡼ䣎ㄡ࡟ࡶぢ࠼࡞࠸ࡼ࠺஧㔜୕
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ 䥹ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ࡟㙐ࢆ࠿ࡅ࡚ࡸ䣬࡚࠿ࡽ䥺ࡇࢀࡣே▱ࢀࡠ᪉ἲ࡛
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࢃࡓࡋ࡛࡞ࡃ䣍⚄ࡢࡳࡀ䣎
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࠸࠿ࢇ䣍୍ゝࡶࡓࡀ࠼ࡎ࡟䣎
䢣
ࡑࡋ࡚㝎ୗࡀ㸟
ࢀࡤ䣍ேࡢពぢ࡞࡝⁐ࡅ࡚ඖ㏻ࡾࡢ↓࡟ᖐࡍࡿ䣎ࡍࡿ࡜ᖹ࿴ࡢ᫬௦࡟࡞ࡿ䣎
㔜࡟䣎ࡑ࡞ࡓࡣ␗➃ࡢ⪅ࡔࡀ䣍ྡ㄃ࢆ㔜ࢇࡌࡿ⏨ࡔ䣎ࡔ࠿ࡽᩗពࢆ⾲ࡍ䣎
ࡢᙺ࡟❧ࡘ⏨ࡓࡕࡢ୰࠿ࡽࡔ䣎ࡑࡢ┠ⓗࡣ䣍ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ேࠎࡀᗈࡃୡ⏺୰࡟
ேࠎࡢ୰࠿ࡽ㑅ࡪ䣎࠾ࡢࢀ࡟฼ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ䣍ࡑ࠺䣍ྠ⬊ࡢᅔ❓ࡸⱞᝎ
࡞ ࠸ 䣎 ཷ ໏⪅ࢆ ᖹ ࿴ ࡢ ౑ ⪅ ࡜ ࿧ ࡰ ࠺ 䣎 ࡑ ࡢ ⪅ ࢆ ࢃ ࡓࡋࡣ ୡ ⏺ ୰ ࡢ ᭱ Ⰻ ࡢ
ࡣࡦ࡜ࡘࡢ໏❶ࢆ⪃᱌ࡋࡓ䣎ࡑࡢ໏❶ࢆᤵࡅࡽࢀࡿࡢࡣ⾑➽࡛ࡶṊ໏࡛ࡶ
࠿䣬ࡓࡢࡣ
䢣 䢣
䣎
ࡼ࠸࠿䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣ࠶ࡢᆣላ࡛㔠ࢆ⁐࠿ࡍ䣎ఱࡢࡓࡵ
䢣 㔠ࡣㄡࡢࡶࡢ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸࡜䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣᛮ࠺ࡢࡔ䣎ࢃࡓࡋ
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡉࢀࡓ䣎▱䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡔࡀ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣᢈ෸ࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࢇ䣎ࡔ࠿ࡽ䣍
ᅔࡣ䣍㈗᪘ࢆᕷẸࡸၟ኎ேࡸ࿘᪕ᒇࡢᡭ࡟ᘬࡁΏࡍ䣎ࡑ࠺࠸࠺㐃୰ࡣ≀ࡢ
ࡿ䣎ࡑࡇ࡟㈗᪘ࡀ᮶࡚䣍㡿୺ࢆᡴࡕಽࡑ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ䣎ࡍࡿ࡜ᾉ㈝ࡢፉࡓࡿ㈋
ࢶ࢞ࢶ࡜྾࠸㎸ࢇ࡛ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓ䣎ᖇᅜࡢ㡿㑥ྩ୺ࡣᖇᅜ࠿ࡽ㞳⬺ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍ
ࢇ䣎ࡔࡀ௒࡛ࡣ䣍ᖹ᫬࡞ࡽࡤୡࢆᦂࡿࡀࡍࡀࡺ࠼࡟チࡉࢀࡊࡿࡇ࡜ࡲ࡛࢞
ศ⿣䣍ጞࡵࡢ࠺ࡕࡣ䣍ಙ௮ࡢᩍ⩏ࢆࡓࡔㄗゎࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡅࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡶ▱ࢀ
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ඲ᶒࡔ࡜㸽 ᶒຊࡇࡑ࠶ࡢ㐃୰ࡢḧࡋࡀ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡔ䣎ࡇࡢ
ࡢ␗࡞ࡿ⪅࡟ᜠᑋࢆ୚࠼࡚႐ࡤࡏ࡚ࡃࡔࡉࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡓࡽ䣍ఱࡺ࠼࡟ㄽதࢆ
ᩓࡽࡤ䣬࡚䣍㡿ᅵḧࡸ䣍ㅝ࠺࡜ࡇࢁࡢྡ㄃ࡀ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍࡢᅜࠎࡍ࡭࡚࡟ⵗ
್ᡴࡕࢆఱ࡛ࡶ㔠ࡢ㔜ࡳ࡛Ỵࡵࡿ㍮࡞ࡢࡔ䣎ࡇࡢᡭྜ࠸ࡀࡢࡉࡤࡾฟࡋ࡚䣍
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ 䥹❧ࡕୖࡀ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䥺࠾࠾㝎ୗ䣍㝎ୗࡀࢃࡓࡃࡋࡢࡼ࠺࡞᐀ὴ
ࡃ࠸࠿࡞ࡿ୙࿴ࡢ✀࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡶ䣍ᙼࡽ࡟࠶ࡽ࠿ࡌࡵ㜚䣬࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࡓࡵࡔ䣎
ⱥ㞝࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿហ࠿⪅ࡢヰࡸ䣍ᦆᚓ຺ᐃࡢ㢌ࢆᣢࡓ࡞࠸㈼⪅ࡢヰ䣍ᙺ࡟❧
ࡔ࠿ศ࠿ࡿ࠿䣎
ࡁࢇ
㝎ୗࡈ⮬㌟ࡀࡈ⮬⏤࡟඲ᶒࢆᤸᥱ࡞ࡉࢀࡤࡼ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎
ㄪ೵ࡋ䣍ಙ௮࡟ࡑࡢ್ᡴࡕ࡛࠶ࡿ⮬⏤ࢆ࠾୚࠼ࡃࡔࡉࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺࠿䣎
ࡇࢀࡣබࡢṇ⩏࡟ࡼࡿ⛎ᐦ⿢ุ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎ࡑ࠺࡞ࢀࡤࢺࣝࢥࡀ⬣࠿ࡑ࠺࡜䣍
ࡓ ࡞ ࠸ ࡢ ࡟ ฼ Ꮚ ࡤ ࠿ ࡾ ᔞ ࡴ ࠶ ࢀ ࡇ ࢀ ࡢࡇ ࡜ ࢆ ლ ➗ ࡋ ࡞ ࡀ ࡽ ⪺ ࡃ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ࡞
ᡓࡣࡲࡔ䣍⚄ࡀㄪ೵ࡍࡿࡲ࡛⥆ࡃࡢࡔ䣎ࡔࡀࢃࡓࡋࡀ୙࿴㌵㎚ࢆ㉳ࡇࡉ࡞
ጾᄐࡋ㏉ࡍࡲ࡛ࡔ䣎ࡑࡢ໏❶ࡣ┠࡟ぢ࠼ࡿ⬚ඖ࡟ࡘࡅࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎ࡑ࠺
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࡋ࠿ࡋㅮ࿴ࡀ⤖ࡤࢀࡲࡋࡓ䣎
ᖹ࿴ࡣࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢ᫂ࡿ࠸቎ࡢୖ࡛㟷ࠎ࡜㍤ࡃ࡭ࡋ䣎
䥹 ᭹ࢆ 㛤ࡁ 䣍 ࡦ ࡊ ࡲ ࡎ ࠸ ࡚ 䥺 ࡛ ࡣ 䣍 ࢃ ࡓ ࡋ ࡛ ࡞ ࡃ 䣍 ⚄ ࡢ ࡳ ࡀ
ࡃࡾ࠿࠼ࡋ࡚ࡃࢀ䣎
䥹ࡇ࠺ゝ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ࠺ࡕ࡟䣍ᮘࡢᘬࡁฟࡋ࠿ࡽグᛕ
ࡣ䣍ពぢࡢ┦㐪࡜࠸࠺ࡔࡅ࡛ࡍ࡛࡟⫗ࢆᘬࡁ⿣ࡁྜ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ᪂ᪧ୧ὴࡢத
ࣘ 䤀ࣜ ࢘ ࢫ
䢣
࠸ࢆᢚṆࡍࡿ࠿ࡽ࡞䣎ࢺࣝࢥࡢᜍᛧࡀࣝࢱ䤀ὴࢆ䣍ゝⴥ࡛ࡶ⾜Ⅽ࡛ࡶᨐ஘
䢣
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࠶ࢀࡣࡼ࠸䣎ᡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࢆࢃࡓࡋࡣே㢮࡟ᢲࡉࢀࡓⅹ༳ࡢࡼ
264
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ
‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
➨୕ᖥ
ࡓࡔࡅࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓ䣎ࡑࡇ࡛ⅆᛴࡢ㝿ࡢࡇࡢ௻ࡳ࡜࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎㝎ୗ࡟Ⰻ
࠿ࢀ࡜ᛮ䣬࡚ࡢࡇ࡜䣍ᛅㄔ࡞ࡿ⪅ࢆ࠾㉧ࡋࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎
ᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡀࡲࡔ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜䣍ࡣ䣬ࡁࡾゝ࠼ࡿ࡞䣎Ṛࢇࡔࡢ
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡣࡣࡣࡣ䣎ᝏࡃ࡞࠸෕ㄯࡔࡒ䣎❧ࡓࢀࡼ䣎࡞ࡽࡤ࠾ࡠࡋࡣẸ࡟
㦂⏝࢜䤀ࣈࣥࡀ࠶ࡾ䣍ࡑࡢୖ࡟ᆣላࡀࡢ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡑࡢ⬥࡟㏻⏝ཱྀ䣎
࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜␲ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ䣎
ࣇࣛ䣹ࢳ䣺ࢽࡢᇛࡢ୍ᐊ䣎ୖᡭᚋᬒ࡟ࢻ࢔ࡢᙧࢆࡋࡓ㛤ཱྀ㒊䣎ࡑࡇ࡟໬Ꮫᐇ
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇᖇ䣍ୖᡭࡢ⬥ᡬࡼࡾⓏሙ䣎
ࡢ࠿䣎ఱࡶ࠿ࡶᘬ䣬ࡃࡾ㏉ࡋ࡚ࡈࡓࡲࡐ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓࡢ࠿䣎▼Ⅳࡀ࡞࠸
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࠾࠸䣍࣐ࣝࢸ䣵ࣥ䣍࣐ࣝࢸ䣵ࣥ䣎ᝏ㨱ࡢᣝၥ࡟࡛ࡶ㐼䣬࡚࠸ࡿ
ࡓࡋࡀ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣᚲせ࡞ࡇ࡜࡞ࡢࡔ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡣࡇࡢୡࢆ᮰ࡡࡿ⤎ࡔ䣎
ྜࢃࡏ࡚࠸ࢀࡤ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣࡶ࠺Ṛࢇ࡛࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡔࢁ࠺䣎ࡔࡀ࡞䣍ࡁࡳ䣍ࢃ
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡑ࠺࡜ࡶ䣍⏕ࡁ࡚ࡺࡃ࡟ࡣ䣍ࢃࡀ㌟ࢆⴿࡽࡡࡤ࡞ࡽࢇ䣎᫬ໃ࡟
ࡒ䣍▼Ⅳࡀ䣎
⮬㌟ࡣఱࡢᙺ࡟ࡶ❧ࡓࢇࡀ䣍᮰ࡡᙺࡔ࠿ࡽᚲせ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ 䥹❧ࡕୖࡀ䣬࡚䥺␲ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡶᨾ࠶䣬࡚ࡢࡇ࡜䣎
䥹↴࡛ởࢀࡓୖ╔࡜ᖗᏊࢆ㌟࡟╔ࡅࡓ⏨ࡀ䣍▼Ⅳࢆ୍࠿ࡈ⭎࡟ᣢ䣬࡚᮶࡚
࠸ࡿ䥺
ࢀ࠿ࡽ⦆ࡳࡲࡋ䣯࠺࠿䣎
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ 䥹ୖ╔ࢆ⬺࠸࡛䣍᳔Ꮚࡢୖ࡟⨨ࡃ䥺࡛ࡍࡀ䣍㝎ୗ䣍ࡑࡢ⤎ࡣࡇ
ࡄࡎࡢࢁࡵ䣎ྠࡌ௙஦ࢆ୕༑ᖺࡶࡸ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡟䣍⏕ࡲࢀ࡚ึࡵ࡚ࡢࡼ࠺
࡟ཱྀࢆ࠶ࢇࡄࡾ㛤ࡅ࡚䣍ࡱ࠿ࢇ࡜ぢ࡜ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡞䣎
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡇࡢୡࢆ἞ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࢃࡓࡋࡢྡ๓ࡔ䣎௒ࡢ࡜ࡇࢁࡣࡑࢀ࡛
༑ศࡔ䣎ࡔࡀ䣍┦⥆ᶒ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ䣍ᨭ㓄⪅ࡀᑗ᮶ࡶ೧኱࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࡜ぢ㎸ࢇ
࣍
䥹⏨䣍ᚋᬒ࡛௙஦ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䥺
䤀
࡛䣍ᖇᅜࡸᅜᐙ࡟ᑟධࡉࢀࡓࡢࡔ࡜ᛮ࠺࠿䣎ࡴࡋࢁ䣍୰ᚰⅬࡀᚲせࡔ࠿ࡽ
ࣛ
࡝ࡇ࡟▼Ⅳࢆࡇࡰࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡃࡑ䣬ࡓࢀ䣎࡝࠺ࡸࡽ䣍▼Ⅳࢆ࠿ࡲ࡝࡛ࡣ࡞
࡜࠸࠺ࡔࡅ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎ࡑࡢ୰ᚰࡢ࿘ࡾ࡟ၿ࡟ࡋ࡚ṇ⩏࡞ࡿ⪅ࡀⓙ㞟ࡲࡾ䣍ბ
࢝
ࡃ࡚䣍ࣞࢺࣝࢺ࡟ධࢀࡼ࠺࡜࠸࠺⫟ࡔ࡞䣎ࡈࢁࡘࡁࡵ䣎ࡁࡉࡲ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࢆ
࠸ࡘࢃࡾࡸᝏ஦࡟ᑐᢠࡍࡿ䣎཰✭ࡋ࡚ࡳࡿ࡜䣍㇏సࡶࡓࡲ࡟ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ䣍୙
࡟࡞ࡿࡢࢆ࠾࡜࡞ࡋࡃᚅ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡔ䣎
࡞ሙྜࡣ䣍⚄ࡀṇ⩏ࡢࡓࡵ࡟㞀☀ࢆྲྀࡾ㝖ࡁ䣍㐨ࡀ⮬⏤࡟㏻⾜࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺
ࡶ≧ἣ࡟ࡼ䣬࡚ࡣ䣍๓㐍ࡶᚋ㏥ࡶྠࡌࡼ࠺࡟◚⁛ࢆᣍࡃ஦ែ࡟࡞ࡿ䣎ࡑࢇ
సࡀࡓࡧࡓࡧࡔ䣍ࡑ࠺࠸࠺✀ࡀᮍ᮶ࡢ୙☜࠿࡞ᖇᅜ࡟ⵗ࠿ࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ䣎ࡋ࠿
ᛣࡽࡏ࡚ẅࡏ࡜㈙཰ࡉࢀࡓࡢ࠿䣎
ࣇ࢚ࢦ࣭ࢹ࣭ࢹ䣵࢜ࢫ
⚄ ࡢ ⅖ ࡼ䣎
⏨ 䥹๓᪉࡟᮶࡚ᖗᏊࢆ⬺ࡂ䣍ࡦࡊࡲࡎࡃ䥺⏦ࡋヂࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡏࢇ䣍Ẋ䣎័ࢀ
࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡶࡢ࡛䣎
䢣
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡁࡉࡲ䣍࣐ࣝࢸ䣵࡛ࣥࡣ࡞࠸࡞䣎
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ࣭ࣇ䣸࣭ࣥࣈࣛ࢘ࣥࢩ䣻ࣦ䣴࢖ࢡබ䣍࠾ࡠࡋ࡛࠶䣬ࡓ
䥹⏨䣍⬗╔ࡶ㛤ࡃ䥺
䢣
࠶࠶
ࡓࡕࡶ࠾࡜࡞ࡋࡃࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡋ䣯࠺࠿䣎
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࡛ࡍࡀ䣍㝎ୗࡀ࠾࡜࡞ࡋࡃࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡿ࠿ࡽ࡜࠸䣬࡚䣍௚ࡢ⪅
࠿䣎࡝࠺ࡸ䣬࡚ࡇࡇ࡟䣎ࡋ࠿ࡋ኱᢬ࡣ䣍
䥹୙ᑂ࡟ᛮ࠸䣍ᩘṌ࠶࡜ࡎࡉࡾࡋ
࡚䥺ఱࢆࡋࡼ࠺࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡔ䣎
࡞࠸䣍ᩛ࡟ࡶ࿡᪉࡟ࡶ䣎
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ືࡃࡉ䣎ࡔࡀ䣍࠸ࡘࡲ࡛ࡓ䣬࡚ࡶ෇ࡢ୰ࡔ䣎ࡇࡢ᫬௦࡟⏨ࡣ࠸
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබ ஧㐌㛫๓ࡼࡾᣏㅜࢆ⏦ࡋฟ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡀ䣍඲ࡃ࠾チࡋࡀ࠸
265
䥹࣓ࣛ䤀࡯࠿ᩘே䣍㏨ஸ⪅࡜ྠࡌ᪉ྥ࡟㏥ሙ䥺
ࡋ࠸䣎䥹ࡦ࡜ࡾࡢᣦ᥹ᐁ࡟䥺ࡑࡢ࡯࠺ࡢ㥽ර㝲ࢆᘬࡁ㐃ࢀ࡚䣍ࡇࡢ⏨ࢆㆤ
࠸ࡸ䣍ࡑࢀࡣ
㏦ࡋࢁ䣎ࣉࣛࣁ࡟╔࠸ࡓࡽ䣍ⓚᖇ࡟ఏ࠼࡚࡯ࡋ࠸ࡢࡔࡀ
ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛䣍ࢃࡓࡃࡋ࡝ࡶࡣ࡝࠺ࡍࢀࡤࡼ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺࠿䣎
䢣
࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕࡣఱ⪅ࡔ䣎
᫬ࡀ‶ࡕࡓࡽ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡀ⮬ศ࡛ゝ࠾࠺䣎ࡉ࠶䣍ฟⓎࡋࢁ䣎ࡇ࠸ࡘࡢᘬΏࡋ
࡟ࡣ㈐௵ࢆ㈇䣬࡚ࡶࡽ࠺䣎
䥹ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ኱බ䣍ᯇ᫂ࢆᣢ䣬ࡓᚑ൅ᩘྡ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟᮶࡚࠸ࡿ䥺
ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ 䥹ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࡢ࡯࠺ࢆྥ࠸࡚䥺Ẋ䣍ࣉࣛࣁࡢ୍ᕷẸ࡟ࡈ
䥹ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀䣍㐃⾜ࡉࢀࡿ䥺
ࡲࡍ䣎ᐑ୰࡛ᶒຊࢆᣢࡘࡉࡿ࠾࠿ࡓࡀፉࢆࡘࡅࡲࢃࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎ࡑࡢ
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ኱බ ୍⥴࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡇ࠸䣎ࣦࣔࣛ䣵࢔ ࡢᅜቃ࡟╔࠸ࡓࡽ䣍
ࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎ࡇࢀࡣፉ࡛䣍ⓙࡉࡲࡀࡓ࡟ຓࡅ࡚࠸ࡓࡔ࠸࡚ឤㅰ࠸ࡓࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ
ࡓࡵ䣍ࢃࡓࡃࡋࡵࡣࡇࡢᏊࢆࢻ䣶ࢡࣛ ࡟ᇛࢆᣢࡘུẕࡢチ࡬㐃ࢀ࡚⾜ࡇ
ࡑࡇ࠿ࡽࡣᏳ඲ࡔ࠿ࡽ࡞䣎
ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ 䥹ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵࢔ࡢᡭࢆᥱ䣬࡚䥺Ᏻᚰࡍࡿࡀ࠸࠸䣍⨾ࡋ࠸Ꮚ䣎
ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵࢔ 䥹ᡭࢆᘬ䣬㎸ࡵ࡚䥺⨾ࡋࡃ࡞࡝࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣍ṇ┤࡛ࡍࡀ䣎
ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ ࠾♩ࡢ⏦ࡋࡼ࠺ࡶࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡏࢇ䣎ࡉ࠶ፉࡸ䣍⾜ࡇ࠺䣎
䥹ࢻ࣭ࣥ
ࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࡢ࡯࠺ࢆᣦࡋ࡚䥺ࡶ࠺࠶ࡢ⏨࡟ⱞࡋࡵࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠸䣎䥹ࣝ
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵࢔࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㏥ሙ䥺
ᝏ࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆࡲࡎࡸ䣬࡚࠾࠸࡚࠿ࡽ䣍ࡔ䣬ࡓࡼ࠺࡞Ẽࡀࡍ
ⓚᖇ࡟ⓚᖇ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᶒ㝈ࢆ࠾㏉ࡋ࡛ࡁࡿ䣎
㐪࠺ཱྀᐇ࡛㛗࠸㛫䣍ເ䣬࡚ࡁࡓࡢࡔ䣎࠶ࢀ࡛ኳ⛗ࡢ㔜ࡉࡀྠࡌ࡟࡞ࡿ࠿ࡽ䣍
࢘ࡢ㌷㝲ࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ඗ୖ࡟ࡣ༙ศࡋ࠿▱ࡽࡏࡎ䣍༙ศෆ⥴࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡅࢀ࡝䣍
ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ Ẽࢆⴠ࡜ࡉ࡞࠸࡛䣍ࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࡣఱࡶ࠿ࡶ࠺ࡲࡃ࠸ࡃ䣎ࣃ䣹ࢧ
ࡿ䣎
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ
ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ ࡝࠺ࡔ䣍඗ୖ䣎ࡰࡃࡓࡕࡔ䣬࡚ࡼ࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆࡸ䣬ࡓࡌ䣭࡞࠸࠿䣎
䥹࣓ࣛ䤀࡜ࡑࡢᚑ⪅ࡓࡕ䣍㯮࠸࣐ࣥࢺࢆ㢌࠿ࡽ࠿ࡪ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ⏨ࢆ㐃ࢀ࡚ᡠ
䣬࡚ࡃࡿ䥺
࣓ࣛ䤀 ࡇࡢ⏨ࡦ࡜ࡾ࡟ࡔࡅ㏣࠸ࡘࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡋࡓ䣎
ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ ࡁࡉࡲ䣍そ㠃ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿䣎ㅰ⫗⚍ࡢ᫬⠇࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࡲ࠸࡟䣎
ᯇ᫂ࢆ䣎
䥹ᚑ⪅ࡢࡦ࡜ࡾ䣍ගࢆᙜ࡚ࡿ䥺
ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵࢔ ఱ࡚ࡇ࡜䣍ࡇࡢே࡛ࡍ䣎
ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ 䥹ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࡀ⮬ศࡢ࠿ࡽࡔ࡟ࡶࡓࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㛫䥺ᑗ᮶
ᛰࡿ࡞䣎
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ 䥹୧⭎ࢆࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺࡢ୧⫪࡟⨨࠸࡚䥺࠾ࡉ࠾ࡉ⏝ᚰࢆ
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ኱බ ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀࠿㸟
㐨ࢆࡣࡎࢀ࡚㏞࠸䣍࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍࡢ㝕Ⴀ࡟ᗊㆤࢆ㢪࠸ࡲࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎
࠸ࡓࢃࡓࡃࡋ࡝ࡶ࡟㏣࠸ࡘ࠸࡚ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡑࢀ࠿ࡽ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ䣍⾤
࠺࡜ᛮ䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎࡜ࡇࢁࡀᡓࡢ႖㦁ࡣึࡵࡣ㐲࠿䣬ࡓࡢ࡟䣍᪑㊰࡟ฟ࡚
35
ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ ࢃࡓࡃࡋ࡝ࡶࡀ㏨ࢀࢇ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡣ䣍ࡲࡉ࡟ࡇࡢ⏨࠿ࡽ࡛ࡍ䣎
36
266
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ
ࡢ ぢ ㏻ ࡋ ࡟ ᚰࢆ ⏝ ࠸ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ⏝ ᚰ ࡍ ࡿ ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ ࡇ ࡜ ࡞ ࡢ ࡔ ࢁ ࠺ 㸽
㈼᫂ࡉ
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࡝࠺ࡋ࡚ࡇࢇ࡞࡜ࡇࢁ࡟᮶ࡓ䣎
䥹ࡩࡓࡾࡀ㏥ሙࡍࡿ࠺ࡕ࡟䣍ᖥࡀ㝆ࡾࡿ䥺
Ⰻ࠸࡯࠺࡟ྥࡅࡓ࠸ࡶࡢࡔ䣎
ࡣጁ᱌ࢆ୚࠼࡚ࡃࢀࡿࡢࡳ䣍≀஦ࢆỴࡍࡿࡢࡣ⾜ືࡔ䣎ࡇࢀ࠿ࡽఱࡶ࠿ࡶ
ࡑ࠺ࡣ࠸࠿ࢇ䣎ⓚᖇࡣ࠾ࡠࡋࢆ᫝㠀࠾ࡑࡤ࡟⨨࠸࡚࠾ࡁ
ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ఱࡶイ࠿ࡎ࡟ゎᨺࡋ࡚ࡃࢀ䣎
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ
ࡓ࠸࡜ᛮࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡑࢀ࡟࡝࠺ࡸࡽ࠾ࡠࡋ࡟ࡣཝ㔜࡞ಖㆤ┘ᐹࡀᚲせࡽ
‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
኱බࡓࡕ
ࡑ࠺ᮃࡳࡓ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎
࡞ࡅࢀࡤ䣍࡜䣬ࡃ࡟࠾㝀௖ࡔ䣬ࡓࡢࡼ䣎
රኈ୍ ࠾࡜࡞ࡋࡃほᛕࡍࡿࢇࡔ䣎࠾ࡲ࠼࡞ࢇࡒ䣍ፉ࡟യࢆ㈇ࢃࡏࡿᜍࢀࡀ
䥹୕ே䣍࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ࡟௜ࡁῧࢃࢀ࡚⾜ࡃ䥺
ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ 䥹ྉࡪ䥺ࣖࢿࢡ㸟
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡉ࠶ᛴࡆ䣎ࡲࡎ䣍㏿㐩ࡔ䣎
䥹⭜᥃ࡅ࡚᭩ࡃ䥺
රኈ஧ ࡑ࠸ࡘࡽࡢ⪥ࡣࡶ࠺⪺ࡇ࠼ࡡ࠼䣎࡚ࡵ࠼ࡀ᭱ᚋࡢ⏕ࡁṧࡾ䣬࡚ࢃࡅ䣎
ࡔ࠿ࡽ䣍ゝ࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ⪺ࡅ䣎
ࡇࡢᏊࡣ࡝࠺࡞ࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺䣎
ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ ࡞ࡽࡤ䣍ࡇࡢᏊࢆᏲ䣬࡚Ṛࢇ࡛ࡸࡿ䣎ࡔࡀ䣍ࢃࡋࡀಽࡉࢀࡓࡽ䣍
ࣂࢪࣝ㸟
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ 䥹ᡠ䣬࡚ࡁ࡚䥺ఱ䣍ࡲࡔ࠸ࡿࡢ࠿䣎࠾ࢀ࡟཯ᑐࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆゝ
䣬࡚࠾࠸࡚࡞࠾䣍ࡼࡃ࠾ࡵ࠾ࡵ࠾ࢀࡢ๓࡟࠸ࡽࢀࡿ࡞䣎
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ 䥹❧ࡕୖࡀ䣬࡚䥺Ẋୗ࡟཯ᑐ࡛ࡍ࡜㸽 Ẋୗࡢ࠾ࢇࡓࡵ࡟⏦ࡋ
ࡓࡢ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎Ẋୗࡀᡭ࡟ධࢀࡓࡇࡢ᭩≧ࡀ䣍Ẋୗࢆࡇࡢᅜࡢ୺ே࡟
ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎
䥹࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫࡀ㏆࡙࠸࡚ࡃࡿࡢ࡛䥺ࢃࡓࡋࡢ㑧㨱ࢆ࡞ࡉࡿ
රኈ୍ ࡑ࠺ࡔ䣍ࡼࡃ⪃࠼࡞䣎ᑼᑿࢆᕳ࠸ࡕࡲ࠼䣎ࡑ࠺ࡋ࡞࠸࡜䣍୍䣍஧ࡢ
䥹ࡩࡓࡾ䣍ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ࡟㏆࡙ࡃ䥺
୕࡛࠾ኳ㐨ࡉࢇ࡜࠾ࡉࡽࡤࡔࡼ䣎
ࡶᛴ࠸࡛ࡓࡃࡉࢇ᭩ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ䣎ࡇࡢ᭩≧䣍௒ࢃࡓࡋࡀ᥋࿀ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟䣍Ẋ
ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ ࡇࡢୡ࡟ࡶࡣࡸᩆ࠸୺ࡣ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢ࠿䣎⨥࡞ࡃࡋ࡚ⱞࡋࢇ
ࡢ࡛ࡋࡓࡽ䣍ⴠࡕ╔ࡅࡿᡤࢆࡼࡑ࡛᥈ࡋࡲࡍ䣎᭩ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀᚲせ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡑࢀ
ୗ࡟ࡶ᥋࿀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎
䥹㏆ࡃ࡛ࣛ䣹ࣃࡢ㡢䥺
࡛࠸ࡿ⪅ࢆᗊㆤࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿᩆ࠸ࡢᡭࡣఙࡧ࡚ࡇ࡞࠸ࡢ࠿䣎
ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣᏳὈ࡛ࡍ䣎
䥹ኳᖥࡢ୰࡟ධ䣬࡚䣍࢝䤀ࢸࣥࢆୗࢁࡍ䥺
࠺ ࠺ ࡴ 䣍ࡇ ࡢ ᭩ ≧ ࠿
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ ㅦࡢࡼ࠺࡞⏨ࡔ䣎࠶ࡢ⏨ࡢゝ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ䣎ゝ䣬࡚࠸
䢣
ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡜ ⮬ ศ ⮬ ㌟ ࡀ ཯ ┠ ࡋ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡢ ࡔ ࠿ ࡽ ࡞ 䣎
䥹රኈ୕䣍᮶ࡿ䥺
⪺ࡇ࠼ࡓ࠿䣎
䥹႐ࢇ࡛ໃ࠸ࡼࡃ❧ࡕୖࡀࡾ䥺࠾࠸䣍ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ䣍ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ䣍ヰࡀ
රኈ୍ ఱࡔ䣎
䢣
࠶ࡿ䣎䥹࢝䤀ࢸࣥ࡟㏆࡙ࡃ䥺㏉஦࡞ࡋ࠿䣎࡞ࡽࡤᨺ䣬࡚࠾ࡇ࠺䣎↓ᩘࡢ✵
රኈ୕ ኱බࡓࡕࡔ䣎኱ໃᘬࡁ㐃ࢀ࡚㔝Ⴀᆅ࠿ࡽᖐ䣬࡚ࡃࢇࡔ䣎ࡘ࠸࡚ࡡ࠼䣍
ࡇࡇࢆ㏻䣬࡚ࡃࡒ䣎ࡇ䣬ࡕࡣᙅࡍࡂࡿ䣎㏨ࡆࢁ䣎
᝿ࡢᅗࡀᚰࡢ๓࡟ࡓࡺࡓ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎䥹⬥ᡬ࡟ྥ࠿࠸䣍ࡑࢀ࠿ࡽᘬࡁ㏉ࡑ࠺
࡜ࡍࡿ࠿ࡢࡼ࠺࡟❧ࡕṆࡲࡿࡀ䣍ࡋࡤࡽࡃ⪃࠼ࡈ࡜ࢆࡋ࡚࠿ࡽ㏥ሙ䥺
ⓚᖇ㌷ࡢ㝕Ⴀࡢ㏆ࡃ䣎ኤᬽࢀ᫬䣎⯙ྎࡢ⫼ᚋ࡛ᩘⓎࡢ㖠ኌ䣎ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ䣍ᢤ
ࡽ࡞䣎
රኈ஧ ࡑࢀ࡛ࡶ࠿ࡲࢃࡡ࠼䣎᭷㞴࡚࠼ࡇ࡜࡟䣍࠾ᡭᙜ࡚ࡣඛ࡟㈔䣬࡚ࡿ࠿
ࡁ㌟ࢆᡭ࡟䣍ፉ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟Ⓩሙ䣎
䥹୕ேࡢරኈ䣍㏨ࡆ࡚ࡺࡃ䥺
䥹ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ኱බ࡜࣓ࣛ䤀኱బ䣍కࢆᘬࡁ㐃ࢀ䣍ᢤࡁ㌟ࢆᡭ࡟ࡋ࡚᮶ࡿ䥺
ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ ຓ࠿䣬ࡓࡒ䣎ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵࢔䣍⪺࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿䣎
ࡓࡵ࡟౑ࢃࢀࡓ䣎ࡸࡘࡽࢆ㏣䣬࡚䣍㤳ษࡾᙺே࡟ᘬࡁΏࡏ䣎
ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ ࢺࣝࢥே࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎ࢃࡀ㌷ࡢᒌࡔ䣎༝᛼࡞๢ࡀྠ⬊ࢆẅࡵࡿ
䥹ࡩࡓࡾࡢⓚᖇ㌷රኈࡀ㊧ࢆ㏣䣬࡚ࡃࡿ䥺
ࡲࡔ࠶ࡿ࡜ឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎
ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ ፉࡼ䣍᮶࠸䣎ࡲࡔࡲࡔࡇࡢ⭎ࡀᨭ࠼࡚ࡸࡿ䣎࠾ࡲ࠼ࢆᏲࡿຊࡣ
267
ࡇࢇ࡟ࡕ
ࢀࡓࡀ䣍ࡑࡢ⏤䣬࡚᮶ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡶᛀࢀ࡞࠸࡛ࡃࢀ䣎Ⰻᚰ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎௒᪥ࡓࡔ
ࡿ࡜䣍◚⁛ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࡀᚰࢆࡼࡂࡿ࡞䣎
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ 䥹ࡍ࡛࡟❧ࡕୖࡀ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䥺ࡇࡢ୙ྜྷ࡞⣬ษࢀࢆぢ࡚࠸
௒ࡢࡼ࠺࡟Ⰻ࠸┠ⓗࡢࡓࡵ࡞ࡽ䣍Ⰻᚰࡣ┠ࢆࡘࡪ䣬࡚ࡃࢀࡿ䣎ࡋ࠿ࡋ⋤ෙ
࡟㛵ࢃࡿࡇ࡜࡜࡞ࢀࡤ䣍ࢃࡓࡋ࡟㐓⬺ࡸ᫂ࡽ࠿࡞㐪ἲ⾜Ⅽࡣチࡉࢀ࡞࠸䣎
ࢀࡤඛ⛬ࡲ࡛࡜ྠࡌሙᡤ࡟ᡠࢀࡲࡍ䣎
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ௒࡞ࡽࡲࡔ㛫࡟ྜ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎◚࠸࡚ࡋࡲ࠼ࡤࡼ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡑ࠺ࡍ
ᶒຊࡢጤㆡࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࢀࡤ䣍࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ࡝ࡢࡀࢃࡀ⋤ᐙࡢ᭱ᖺ㛗⪅࡛ࡍ䣎
ࡑࢀࡣࡇࡢ࠿ࡓ࡟࠾௵ࡏࡋ࡚ࡣ࠸࠿ࡀ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣍ࡶ࠺Ṥ࡝௵ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࡇ࠺࡞ࡽ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡜ឤࡌ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡿࡢࡔ䣎ࣞ䤀࢜
࣏ࣝࢺ䣍ࢢࣞ䤀ࢶ࡟⾜ࡇ࠺䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡣ࡝࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶ⮬ศࡢⰋᚰࢆ⚄ࡢ๓࡛Ὑ
࠸ࡊࡽ࠸ᡴࡕ᫂ࡅࡡࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸䣎⚄࡞ࡽࡇࡢⰋᚰࡢ␲ᛕࢆࡈᏑࡌ࡛䣍ゎࡁ
࠺࡛ࡍࡀ䣎
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ ࡑ࠺ࡔ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡀㄡࡼࡾࡶࡑࢀ࡟ࡩࡉࢃࡋ࠸ࡋṇᙜࡔ䣎
࡯ࡄࡋ࡚ࡃࡔࡉࡿ࠿ࡽ࡞䣎
࣐䣹ࢡࢫ 䥹❧ࡕୖࡀ䣬࡚䥺ࡇࢀ࡛῭ࡳࡔ䣎ࡋ࠿ࡋ඗ୖ䣍ࡼࢁࡋ࠸࠿䣍ಙᛕ
ࢆᣢ䣬࡚ㄔᐇ࡟ࡸ䣬࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎ࡋ࠿ࡋ≉࡟ぬ࠼࡚࠾࠸࡚࡯ࡋ࠸ࡢࡣ䣍䥹ࢡ
ᵓ࡛ࡍ䣎
ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ ࡝࠺࡛ࡍ䣍ࡇࡢᝏඪࡪࡾࡣ㸽
ࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࢆᣦࡋ࡚䥺ࡇࡢ⏨࡜ྠࡌ⪃࠼ࡔ䣬ࡓࡽ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣ඗ୖ࡟ᶒຊࢆᕪ
㢮ࢆᕪࡋฟࡋ࡚䥺ࡇࡇ࡟ྡ๓ࡀ࡞࠸ࡲࡲ࡟ࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡲࡋࡓ䣎
34
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ 䥹࣐䣹ࢡࢫ࡟䥺␗㆟ࡣࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡏࢇ࠿䣎
࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽ࡞䣎ࡔࡀ䣍⏝ᚰࡋ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎
ࢃ ࡓ ࡋ ࡜ ࡋ࡚ ࡣ ࡇ ࡢ ⪅ ࢆ ✚ ᴟ ⓗ ࡟ ౑ 䣬 ࡚ ࠸ ࡓ ࡔ ࡁ ࡓ ࠸
ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ಙ௮ࡢၥ㢟࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ≬ಙⓗ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽ䣎
ࣇ 䣷 ࣝ ࢹ 䣵 ࢼࣥ ࢺ
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ 䥹ᙉࡃ䥺኱୔ኵࡔ䣎ࡁ䣯࠺ࡇࡑࡇࡢ⏨ࡀࡼࡃศ࠿䣬ࡓ䣎
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ࡜᭩ࡅࡤ䣍ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢࡶࡢ࡜ኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸࡛ࡣ࡞࠸
䥹ⓙ䣍᭩㢮ࢆㄞࡴ䥺
ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ
࠿䣎ࡼࡃࡶហᘝࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡓ࡞䣎ࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࣉࣛࣁ࡟⾜䣬࡚䣍ⓚᖇ࡟ッ࠼࡚ࡸ
ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ 㟈࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡌ䣭࡞࠸࠿䣎
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ ࡑࢀࡣチࡉࢀ࡞࠸䣎
ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ ࡰࡃࡓࡕࡢᡓ࠸࠿ࡓࡣ࠺ࡲࡃ࡞࠿䣬ࡓ࡞䣎
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ 䥹ᜤࡋࡃ䥺Ẋୗ䣍༠㆟⤖ᯝࡢ⛎ᐦࡣᏲࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᮲௳࡛ࡋࡓࡒ䣎
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ ⓙࡶ࠺⾜䣬࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢ࠿䣎
࠾ࡠࡋࡽࡶ⾜ࡃ࠿䣎
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ࡜ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ ࠾కࡋࡲࡍ䣎
࣐䣹ࢡࢫ ࡲ࠶࡞䣎
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ ࡏࡵ࡚㤿㌴ࡢᡤࡲ࡛㏦ࡽࡏ࡚ࡃࢀ䣎㏆࠸࠺ࡕ࡟➗㢦࡛෌఍࡛
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ 䥹⨫ྡࡋ࡚䥺⨫ྡࡋࡲࡋࡓ䣎
ࡢᣵᣜࡣᢤࡁ࡛ࡍ䣎
䢣
࣐䣹ࢡࢫ ᨺ䣬࡜࠸࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎ⓙ䣍Ẽࡀ⁛ධ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡔ࠿ࡽูࢀ
⬣࠿ࡉࢀࡿⓚᖇࢆ㝜࡟㝧࡟Ᏺ䣬࡚ࡳࡏࡿࡒ䣎
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࢃࡓࡋࡣ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ࡝ࡢ࡟㉃ࡅࡲࡍ䣎
ᨺ䣬࡚࠾࠸࡚ࡃࢀ䣎ࡌࡁ࡟཰ࡲࡿࡼ䣎
ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ 䥹๢ᖏࢆࡲ䣬ࡍࡄ࡟┤ࡋ࡚䥺࡞ࡽࡤࢃࡓࡋࡣ䣍࠶࡞ࡓࡀࡓ࡟
ࡿ䣎
ࡋୖࡆ࡞࠿䣬ࡓࡔࢁ࠺࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜䣎ࡔ࠿ࡽࡇࡢ⏨ࢆ౑࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎㈼࠸ࡸࡘ
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ጤ௵≧ ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡑ࠺࡛ࡍ䣎ࡓࡔࡋ䣍ྡ๓ࡀᢤࡅ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ䣎䥹᭩
᠜࡟ධࢀ࡚࠶䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ 䥹⬚ඖ࠿ࡽ⣬ࢆ୍ᯛྲྀࡾฟࡋ࡚䥺࡛ࡣࡈ⨫ྡ࠸ࡓࡔࡃࡔࡅ࡛⤖
268
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ
ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟䣎
࣐䣹ࢡࢫ 䥹ྠᵝ࡟䥺ࢃࡓࡋࡶࡔ䣎
‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
ࡌ⇕Ⅿࡉ࡛ᙇࡾୖࡆࡲࡍ䣎ⓙࡉࡲࡀࡓࡣㅮ࿴ࢆỴ㆟ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓ䣎ࡓࡔ䣍ⓚ
ࡶࡑࡢຊ࡛ᨵ᐀ࡉࡏࡓኌࢆ䣍ࡑࢀ࡜ྠࡌኌࢆ௒䣍⌧ᅾ࡜ᮍ᮶࡟㚷ࡳ࡚䣍ྠ
ಙ௮ࡢ௦⌮ே࡜ࡋ࡚⾜ື࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍ䣎࢘䣵䤀ࣥ࡜ࣀ࢖ࢩ䣻ࢱ䣹ࢺ࡛ᗄ༓ே
࠿ࡽࡣࢃࡓࡃࡋ⮬㌟ࡢ௙஦࡛࠶ࡿ⪷⫋⪅࡜ࡋ࡚䣍Ẹ⾗ࡢㄝᩍ⪅䣍⚄⪷࡞ࡿ
ࡇࡇࡲ࡛ࢃࡓࡃࡋࡣ࠾チࡋࢆᚓࡓୖ࡛䣍ព࡟཯ࡋཱྀ࡚ࢆ㛤ࡁࡲࡋࡓࡀ䣍௒
࡜࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎
࡟ࡘࡅ䣍୍᪦⦆ᛴ࠶䣬ࡓ࡜ࡁ䣍ࣁࣉࢫࣈࣝࢡᐙࡢ኱㯮ᰕ࡜ࡋ࡚⾜ືࡍࡿࡇ
ࡏࢇ䣎࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽᚲせ࡞ࡢࡣ䣍ⓙࡉࡲࡢࡓࡵ࡟࡝࡞ࡓ࠿࠾ࡦ࡜ࡾࡀᶒຊࢆ㌟
⪃࠼࡚ࡶ䣍␲ᝨ࡜ዮィ࡜༴㝤ࡤ࠿ࡾ࡛ࡍ䣎༠㆟ࡋ⥆ࡅࡿࢃࡅ࡟ࡶࡲ࠸ࡾࡲ
ࡋ࡚ࡍ࡛࡟ㄔᐇࡉ࡟Ḟࡅ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡋ䣍ᖇᅜ୰ࡢ࠶ࡾ࡜࠶ࡽࡺࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆ
ᖇࡀࡇࢀࢆ㠀㞴࡞ࡉ䣬ࡓࡽ㸽
ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ ࡇ࠸ࡘࡣ୺ྩࡢࡓࡵ࡟ႅ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔ䣎
࣐䣹ࢡࢫ ࡑ࠺ࡣࡋ࡞࠸ࡉ䣎
ᩒ ࡉ ࡜ Ẽ 㧗 ࠸ ࠾ ᚰ ࡟ ࠾ ࠸࡚ ㅖ ᅜ ࡢ ࡈ 㡿 ୺ ࡟ ඛ ࢇ ࡌ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡜ ᛮ ࠺ ࠿ ࡓ ࡣ ㄡ
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡇࡢᗘࡣ㐪࠸ࡲࡍ䣎ࢃࡓࡃࡋࡵࡀㄡࡼࡾࡶ࠾ះ࠸⏦ࡋୖࡆ䣍ຬ
ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ ࡋࡲࡍ࡜ࡶ䣎
࠿࡜ᑜࡡࡽࢀࡲࡍ࡞ࡽࡤ䣍⟅࠼ࡣࡑࡇ࡟࠾ࡽࢀࡿ࠿ࡓ䣍ࡇࡢ࠿ࡓࡇࡑࢃࡓ
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ 䥹ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ࡟䣍࠶ࡊࡅࡿࡼ࠺࡟䥺ᅗ࡛ᫍࡍ࡞䣎ⓚᖇࡢ῝࠸
ᚚᚰࢆࡈᏑࡌࡢࡼ࠺࡛ࡍ䣎
ຊࡀ㊊ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡋ䣍ຊࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎Ỵᚰࡋࡓࡇ࡜࡟ࡣ㡹ᅛ࡛ࡍࡀ䣎
ࡃࡋࡵࡢ୺ྩ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡓࡔ䣍ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙺ⫋ࢆࡇ࡞ࡍ࡟ࡣࡇࡢ࠿ࡓ࡟ࡣỴ᩿
䥹࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫࡀᛣ䣬࡚❧ࡕୖࡀࢁ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࡢࢆࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ䣍ᡭ᣺ࡾ࡛ᢲ
ࡋ࡜࡝ࡵࡿ䥺
ࡑ ࢀ ࡟ ࡲ ࡓ ␗ ➃ ⪅ ࡢ ୙ ᖹ ศ Ꮚ ࡜ ࡦ ࡑ ࠿ ࡟ ㏻ ࡌ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ࢃ
ࡣ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎࣐ࢡࢩ࣑䤀ࣜ࢔ࣥ኱බࡉࡲ࡞ࡽ₩ⓑ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀ䣎
ࢀࢃࢀࡢ⨥࡟ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡀ䣍ಙ㢗ࡉࢀࡿᶒຊ࡟ࡉࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶䣬࡚
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ
ࡣ࡞࠸࠿䣎
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ 䥹ᛣ䣬࡚䥺ࢃࡓࡋ࡟Ỵ᩿ຊࡀ࡞࠸࠿࡝࠺࠿䣍ぢࡏ࡚ࡸࢁ࠺࡛
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ౑࠸ࡢ⪅ࡀཤࡾ䣍ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢゝ㉁ࢆࢺࣝࢥே࡟୚࠼࡟⾜
䣬ࡓ࠶࡜࡟࡞䣬࡚䣍ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆゝ࠺ࡢࡔ࡞䣎
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ⱞ㞴ࢆㄆ㆑ࡋࡓୖ࡛䣍ⓙࡉࡲࡀࡓࡣ᮲⣙ࢆ⤖ࡤࢀࡲࡋࡓ䣎ࡋ࠿
ࡋ䣍᮲⣙࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡣࡲࡎᏲࡽࢀ࡚ึࡵ࡚ᮏ≀࡟࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎
࡜ࡇࢁ࡛䣍ࡶࡋⓚᖇࡀⓙࡉࡲࡀࡓࡢ༠㆟ࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ㠀㞴࡞ࡉ䣬ࡓࡽ㸽
ࡢಸࡶࡦ࡝ࡃᛂ࠼࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡔࢁ࠺䣎
࣐䣹ࢡࢫ ࢃࡓࡋࡣࡶ࠺⾜ືࡶ࿨௧ࡶࡸࡵࡓ࠿ࡽ䣍ྠࡌࡇ࡜ࢆࡋ࡚ࡶ䣍඗ୖ
࣐䣹ࢡࢫ ࡑࢀ࡞ࡽ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡓࡕࡣ↓ᐇࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡋࡼ࠺䣎
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡑࡇ࡛࡛ࡍ䣎ࡇࡇ࡟Ỵ᩿ຊࡢᶍ⠊ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ䣍㎿㏿
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ↓ᐇࡔ࡜࠾䣬ࡋ䣭ࡿ䣎⨥ࡼࡾ࡞࠾ࡢࡇ࡜ᝏ࠸䣎ࡇࡢẼ㧗࠸ࣁࣥ
࡟ ⾜ ື ࡋ ࡚ ␗ ➃ ศ Ꮚࢆ ᅜ ෆ ࠿ ࡽ ᢯ ᾘ ࡋ ࡓ ࢩ 䣻 ࢱ ࢖ ࣖ 䤀 ࣐ ࣝ ࢡ ࡢ ࡈ 㡿 ୺ ࡛
࢞ࣜ䤀ࡣ⁛ࢇ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎ே㛫࡟࡜䣬࡚ᓫ㧗࡟ࡋ࡚⚄⪷࡞ࡶࡢࡣࡍ࡭
ࡉࡋ࠶ࡓ
ࡍ䣎
䢣
⁛࡟ྥ࠿࠸ࡘࡘ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࡁ䣯࠺࡜࠸࠺᪥࡟ᩛ࡜᮲⣙ࢆ⤖ࡧ
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ 䥹ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ࡟䥺ࡑࢀ࡟䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡢỴ᩿ຊࢆ⛠㈶ࡋ࡚ࡃ
▱ࡽࢇࡢ࠿䣎
ࢆᮇᚅࡋ࡚䣍∦ࡸኌࢆ࠶ࡆ䣍∦ࡸࡦࡑ࠿࡟ⓚᖇࡢ㉡ᒍࢆᮃࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡢࡔࡒ䣎
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ ఱࢆゝ࠸ฟࡍ䣎ࡇࡢࢢࣞ䤀ࢶࡢ⪅ࡓࡕࡣ⋢ᗙࡢ㊧ࢆく࠺ࡇ࡜
ⓙࡉࡲࡀࡓࡣࡈ⮬㌟ࡢ࠺ࡕ࡟䣍♽ᅜ
ኚࢃࡾࡸࡍ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎ࢺࣝࢥேࡣ␗ᩍᚐ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ
ࡢ᭱ၿࡢ㐨ࢆồࡵࡿຊࢆㄆ㆑ࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎࡛ࡍࡀၥ㢟ࡣ䣍ⓚᖇࡢ࠾ᚰࡀ
䣬࡚ࡢࡇ࡜࡛䣍⥾⤖ࡣ࠶࡜࡛ࡍࡀ
䢣
࡚䣍᎘ᝏࡢ᝟ࡸࡴࡽẼ䣍ࡑࢀ࡟ࣉࣛࣁ࡜࢘䣵䤀ࣥࡢ㊥㞳࡜ࡣ↓㛵ಀ࡟䣍◚
269
ࢃࢀࡽࡀ㧗㈗࡞ᐙ㛛ࡢ࿚࠸ࡔ䣎᫝࠿㠀࠿ࡋ࠿࡞࠸䣎୰ᗤࡢ㐨࡞࡝࡞࠸ࡢࡔ䣎
ࢃ ࢀ ࢃ ࢀ ࡟ ࡣ ࡑ ࢇ ࡞ ࡩ ࠺ ࡟ ワ ࡵ ᐤࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ⩦ ័ ࡣ ࠶ ࡾ ࡲ
ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ ࢃࡓࡋ࡟ࡶ୍⚊࠶ࡾࡲࡍ䣎఑∗ࡉࡲ䣍ࢃࢀࡽ࡛஧⚊࡛ࡍ䣎
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ ࡔ࠿ࡽࡇࡑ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡶㅮ࿴ࡔ䣎
࣐䣹ࢡࢫ ࡛ࡣ༠㆟ࡣ⤊ࢃࡾࡔ䣎
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡲࡎ䣍㝕୰࡟ᚅࡓࡏ࡚࠶ࡿ㏻ヂಀ࡟୍ゝ䣍ㅮ࿴࡛ࡶ䣬࡚༠㆟ࡀ
⤊ࢃ䣬ࡓࡇ࡜ࢆఏ㐩ࡉࡏ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࡞ࡐ䣍ࡑ࠺ᛴࡄ䣎
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ᩛ᪉ࡢ᮲௳ࡣᏑࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿䣎
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡑ࠺ࡍࢀࡤ䣍ⓙࡉࡲࡀࡓࡀ㈼᫂࡟ࡶᮃࡲࡋ࠸ࡶࡢ࡜࡞ࡉࢀࡓఇ
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ 䥹᳔Ꮚࢆࡎࡽࡋ࡚䥺ࡑࢀࡣ┤᥋ෆ㒊ࡢ⪅࠿ࡽᐜ᫆࡟⪺ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ
ᡓࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡶ䣍㛶ୗ䣍⪃࠼࡚ࡶࡈࡽࢇࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎ࢺࣝ
࠾⪺ࡁࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࡲࡏ䣎
࣐䣹ࢡࢫ ࢃࡓࡋࡣᛣࡾ≬䣬ࡓࢺࣝࢥே࡜ࡣఱࡢ㛵ࢃࡾࡶᣢࡓ࡞࠸ࡒ䣎
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ 䥹⃭ࡋࡃ䥺ࡶ࠺ࡦ࡜ࡘᑜࡡࡿࡀ䣍␗ᩍᚐࡀㆡࡿⅬ࡜せồ
ࢥࡀ⌧ᅾࡢඃ఩ࢆ฼⏝ࡋ䣍࠶ࡲࡘࡉ࠼ࢃࡀ㌷ࢆᚋ⾨࠿ࡽᏙ❧ࡉࡏࡓ࡞ࡽ䣍
ࢺࣝࢥࡣ࡞࠾せồࢆቑࡸࡋ䣍ྠ᫬࡟ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢ≛≅ࡶቑ࠼ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿
࡜༴᝹࠸ࡓࡍ࠿ࡽ࡛ࡍ䣎
࣐䣹ࢡࢫ グ㘓ࢆ⥆ࡅࢁ䣎
㢌ࡢ୰࡟࡝࠺ࡶ␲ࢃࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀࡶࡸࡶࡸࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡇࢇ
࡞ᥐ⨨ࢆㅮࡌ࡞ࡃ࡚῭ࡴࡢ࡞ࡽ䣍ఱ࡛ࡶࡃࢀ࡚ࡸࡿࡢࡔࡀ䣎
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ
ࡶዲ㒔ྜ࡞ࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸䣎
ࡤࡏ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡲ࡛ᘏᮇࡉࢀࡓ䣎ࡔ࠿ࡽࡸࢇࢃࡾᙉไࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ䣍඗ୖ࡟
࣐䣹ࢡࢫ ࡘ࠸ඛ㡭䣍ⓚᖇࡢ඗ୖࡣࡎ࠸ࡪࢇᨻ἞ࡢ௙஦࠿ࡽ㏥࠿ࢀ䣍ᘬࡁᘏ
࠾ศ࠿ࡾ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࡼ䣎
䥹ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ䣍࣋ࣝࢆ㬆ࡽࡍ䣎ᚑ൅䣍᮶ࡿ䥺
䥹ᚑ൅䣍㏥ሙ䥺
༶้ࡔ䣎
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ 䥹ᢡࡾࡓࡓࢇࡔ⣬ษࢀࢆΏࡋ࡚䥺࢜䤀ࣇ䣷ࣥࡢኴᏲࡢ⛎᭩࡟䣎
ࣃࢩ䣺
ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ ఑∗ࡉࡲࡣ䣍ࡈ⮬ศࡀࡋ࡛࠿ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࡝ࢇ࡞ࡇ࡜࠿࠸ࡎࢀ
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࡶ࡞ࡢ࠿䣎
ᣄྰࡍࢀࡤᝒ᝺࡞஦ែࢆᣍࡃ࡜ゝ䣬࡚䣍↓⌮ᙉ࠸ࡋ࡚࠾
ࡍࡿⅬࡣ䣍ࡑࡢ࡯࠿࡟࡝ࢇ࡞ࡇ࡜࠿ศ࠿䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔ䣎
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ᡓ๓ࡢ≧ែ࡟ᡠࡏ䣍࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍ䣎
࣐䣹ࢡࢫ ࡑࢀ࡞ࡽṇᙜ࡞ࡶࡢࡔ࡞䣎
ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ ᡃ៏ࡍࡿࢇࡔ䣍ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ䣍ᡃ៏ࡋ࡚䣎㯲䣬࡚ᅜ࡟ᖐ
䣬࡚ࡃࢀ䣎ࡰࡃࡣࡇࡇ࡟ṧࡿ䣎୍ර༞࡜࡞䣬࡚ࡶ䣍࢘䣵䤀ࣥࡀ◚ቯࡉࢀ࡚
ࡑࡢ⎰♟ࡢୖ࡟❧ࡘࡇ࡜࡟࡞䣬࡚ࡶ䣍⾑ࢆὶࡑ࠺ࡀ䣍࡝ࢇ࡞ᝒ᝺࡞ᡓ࡟࡞
ࢁ࠺ࡀ䣍ⓚᖇࡢᶒຊ࡜ࡈពᛮࡢࡓࡵ࡟ᡓ࠸ᢤࡃ䣎
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ 䥹୙ᛌẼ࡟ᙼ࠿ࡽ㢦ࢆࡑࡴࡅ䥺ࡸࡴࢆ࠼ࢇ䣍ㅮ࿴ࡔ䣎
ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ
ࡁ࡞ࡀࡽ࡞࠾ࡶࡑ࠺イࡃࡢ࠿㸽
33
࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࡼࢁࡋࡅࢀࡤ㐃ࢀ࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࡑࡢ⪅ࡢ⏦ࡍࡇ࡜ࢆࡌ࠿࡟
ࣃࢩ䣺
࡛ࡁࡲࡍ䣎࢜䤀ࣇ䣷ࣥ ࡢኴᏲࡢチ࡛⛎᭩ව㏻ヂࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⪅ࡀ㝕୰࡟᮶
ࡔ䣎
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ ᫬௦ࡀワࡵᐤ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࢃࢀࢃࢀ⮬㌟ࡀワࡵᐤࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ
ࡏࢇ䣎
ࣇ 䣷 ࣝ ࢹ 䣵 ࢼࣥ ࢺ
270
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ
࣐䣹ࢡࢫ ࡶ࠺୍ᗘゝ࠺ࡒ䣎༠㆟ࡣ⤊ࢃࡾࡔ䣎
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ 䥹࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ࡟ᖹ↛࡜䥺Ẋୗࡣᡓࡢഃ࡛ࡍ࡞䣎
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡍ䣬࠿ࡾ⤊ࢃ䣬࡚ࡣ࠾ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣍ⓙࡉࡲࡀࡓ䣎䥹❧ࡕୖࡀ䣬࡚䥺
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ ከᩘỴ࡛㈇ࡅࡿ࡜࡞ࡿ࡜䣎
‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
᥼ㆤ⪅ࡢᆅ఩ࢆ᪂ࡓ࡟⪃᱌ࡋ䣍タࡅࡿ⣙᮰ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡑ࠺࡞䣎ࡑࢀࡶᖇᅜ
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࡝࠺࠸࠺ព࿡ࡔ䣎
ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ
ࡢ୰ᯡ࠿ࡽ༙ࡤษࡾ㞳ࡉࢀࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࡔ䣎ࡇࢀ࡛࠾ࡲ࠼ࡀ௻ࢇࡔࡇ࡜ࡀࡤ
ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ Ṍࡳᐤࡿ࡜䣍᭱ᚋࡣᐤࡾษࡽࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡒ䣎
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ䣍ᛮ࠺ናࡔࡼ䣎
ࢀࡓࡔࢁ࠺䣎ࡑࢀ࡛ࡶㅮ࿴ࢆ㑅ࡪ࠿䣎
࡛ࡍ䣎ಙ௮ࡢ࡞࠸࡜ࡇࢁ䣍ᕼᮃ࡞࡝࡝ࡇ࡟࠶ࡿ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ 䥹⥆ࡅ࡚䥺ࡑࢀ࡟ࡇࡢ㌷㝲ࡣṤ࡝ࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࡤ࠿ࡾ
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ Ẋୗ䣍ࡉࡼ࠺࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎ࡓࡔ௒ࡢㄦㅫࡀṇࡋ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ
࠸ࡸ䣍イࡃࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸࠿䣎䥹ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࢆᣦ
ࡲࡋ࡚ࡶ䣍Ⰻ⟇ࡣⰋ⟇࡛ࡍ䣎ࡓ࡜࠼ࡑࢀࢆ᱌ฟࡋࡓ⪅ࡀ᛹ࡋ࠸࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ䣎
䢣
࣐ 䣹 ࢡ ࢫ ࡛ࡣ䣍඗ୖࡣ㸽
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ 䥹࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ࡟䥺࠸࠿ࡀ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣍Ẋୗ䣎
ࡋ࡚䥺ࡇࡢ⏨ࡀ඗ୖࡢពぢࢆゝ䣬࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡲࡋࡓ࠿ࡽ࡞䣎
࡟༨㡿ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔ࠿ࡽ࡞䣎㐃୰ࢆ౑࠸ࡓ࠸ࡃࡏ࡟䣍ಖㆤࡋ࡚ࡸࡽ࡞ࡃ
ࡽ࡞࠸䣎ࡋ࠿ࡋࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀࡜࠸࠺ᅜࡶ䣍ࡑࡢ᭱㧗ࡢᆅ఩ࡶࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺ
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ ࡑࢀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ゝ࠼ࡤ䣍ࢃࡓࡋ࡯࡝ಙᚰ῝࠸ே㛫ࢆࢃࡓࡋࡣ▱
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ ࡑ࠺ᛮ࠺࠿䣎䥹ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ࡟䥺ࡑࡢ࡯࠺ࡢពぢࢆ௒୍ᗘ⏦ࡋ
࡚ࡳࡼ䣎
࡚ࡼ࠸ࡶࡢ࠿㸽
࡝࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶᚲせ࡞ࡢ࡟䣍ᙼࡽࢆ౑ࢃ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡼ࠸ࡶࡢ࠿㸽
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ㅮ࿴࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎
࡞ࡐ࠿ศ࠿ࡽࢇࡀ䣍࡜ࡶ࠿ࡃ䣍␗➃⪅ࡢ࡯࠺ࡀ᭷⬟࡛ຬᩒࡔ࡜ゝࢃࡊࡿࢆ
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ 䥹᭩㢮ࡢୖ࡟࠿ࡀࡳࡇࡳ䣍⊂ࡾゝࡢࡼ࠺࡟䥺ᡓࡀ᪂ᪧศ⿣ࡢⴌ
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ 䥹ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࢆᣦࡋ࡚䥺ࡑࢀࡣ௨๓࡞ࡽᮏᙜࡔ䣬ࡓࡔࢁ
ᚓࢇࡢࡔ䣎
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ ࢃࡓࡋࡣᡓࡔ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡣୡ⏺ࡢ┠ࡢ๓࡛᜝ࢆ࠿࠸ࡓ䣎Ṋ㐠ࢆ
ᅇ᚟ࡍࡿ䣎▱ᜨࢆ⤠䣬ࡓࡾ䣍⏽ᩗࡢᛕࢆᡶ࠺ࡢࡣࡑࡢ࠶࡜࡟ࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠾࠺䣎
࣐䣹ࢡࢫ ඗ୖ䣍Ꮚ౪ࡌࡳࡓࡇ࡜ࡣࡸࡵ࡚ࡃࢀ࡜ゝ࠸ࡓ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎඲㌷ࢆ
ⱆ࡛࠶ࡾ᰿※࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎
ࡇࡇ࠿ࡽ࢘䣵䤀ࣥࡲ࡛㝕ᆅࡶ࡞ࡃ䣍࢘䣵䤀ࣥࡢቨࡣᔂࢀⴠࡕ࡚ᨵಟࡶ࡛ࡁ
࠺䣎ࢩ䣻ࢱ࢖ࣖ䤀࣐ࣝࢡࡀᖹ✜࡛䣍␗➃⪅࡟༠ຊࢆஒࢃ࡞ࡃ࡚῭ࢇࡔ࠿ࡽ䣍
౑䣬࡚ᩋࢀࡓࡢ࡟䣍௒ᗘࡣ༙ศࡢරຊ࡛຾࡚ࡿ࡜࡛ࡶᛮ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ࠿䣎
࡚࠸࡞࠸䣎ᖹ࿴࡞ఫẸࡢᩓṌ㐨࡛䣍࠶࠶࠸࠺ᩛ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㜵ᚚࡍࡿ࡞࡝࡜ࢇ
ࢃࡓࡋࡣ␗➃㞟ᅋࢆ㏣ᨺࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ䣎ࡔ࠿ࡽࡇࡑ䣍ⓚᖇࡢࡈពᛮ࡟
ࡘࡲࡾఇᡓࢆ
࣐ ࢸ䣵 䤀࢔ ࢫ
䥹ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ࡟䥺㤳ࢆᶓ࡟᣺ࡿࡢ࠿䣎
ࢺࣝࢥࡀఇᡓࡸࡑࡢᡭࡢ᛹ࡋࡆ࡞ᢸಖࡢࡓࡵ࡟᫬㛫ࢆᾉ㈝ࡋ࡚䣍⮬ศࡢ࡯
ᙼ ࡢ 㤳 ࡀ ᙼ ࡢ ࡶ ࡢ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࠿ ࡂ ࡾ 䣍 ᶓ ࡟ ᣺ 䣬࡚ ࡶ ࡼ ࠿ ࢁ ࠺ 㸽
䢣
ࡔࡀᛮ࠺࡟䣍㏨ࡆ㐨ࡀ࠶ࢀࡤ䣍ᡓ࡜ㅮ࿴ࢆ⤖ࡧྜࢃࡏࡿ㏨ࡆ㐨ࡀ࠶ࢀࡤ䣍
཯ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡞ࡽ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢᥦ᱌࡟႐ࢇ࡛ྠពࡍࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎
࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍ䣎
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ 䥹࣌ࣥ࡟࢖ࣥࢡࢆࡘࡅ࡚䣍⇕ᚰ࡟䥺࡛ࡣㅮ࿴࡟ࡈ㈶ᡂ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ
࡞䣎
࣐䣹ࢡࢫ ࢃࡓࡋࡀ࠿㸽 ࡜ࢇ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸䣎
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡛ࡍࡀᡓ࡟཯ᑐ࡞ࡉ䣬ࡓ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ࠿䣎
࣐䣹ࢡࢫ ࠼࠼࠸䣍ᨺ䣬࡜࠸࡚ࡃࢀ䣎
ᐇ㝿䣍ぢࡿ࡜ࡇ
ࢁ≧ἣࡣࢺࣝࢥ࡟฼ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡢ࡟䣎
䢣
࠺࡟ᚤ➗ࡳ࠿ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ฼┈ࢆㅉࡵࡿ࡜࡛ࡶᛮ࠺ࡢ࠿䣎
ࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ᡓࡢྡ㄃ࡔ࡜࠿ୡ಑ⓗ࡞⹫ᰤࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡇࡢᅜࡢ⦾ᰤ
ࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡍࡇ࡜୰㏵༙➃䣍୙ᚭᗏ࡞ᡭẁ࡛ࡧࡃࡧࡃ஦ࢆ㐠ࡰ࠺࡞࡝࡜ࡣ䣍
඲ࡃࡶ䣬࡚䣍㐨༙ࡤ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡸ
࡜࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍୡ⏺඲యࡢ⦾ᰤࢆ࠸࠿ࡉࡲ༤ᡴ࡟㉃ࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡍ䣎
䢣
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ 䥹࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ࡟䥺ࡉࡽ࡟ࡑࡢ࠺࠼䣍ᩍ࠼࡟᜾ࡿ࡜ᛮࢃ
271
ࡶ࠺ࡼࢁࡋࡅࢀࡤ䣍ࡈචࡇ࠺ࡴ䣬࡚㏥ᩓ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍ䣎
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ 䥹࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ࡟䥺Ẋୗ䣍ఱ࠿ࡉࡽ࡟ࡈ⏝࿨ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋ䣯࠺࠿䣎
272
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ
࣐䣹ࢡࢫ ࡇࡇ࡟࠸࡚㆟஦㘓ࢆࡘࡅࢁ䣎ࡑ࠺࡛ࡶࡋ࡞࠸࡜ఱࡔ࠿ࢇࡔႅ䣬ࡓ
ᣲྃ࡟䣍࢖࢚ࢫ࠿ࣀ䤀࠿ࡶศ࠿ࡽ࡞ࡅࢀࡤㄡࡀఱࢆႅ䣬ࡓࡢ࠿ࡶศ࠿ࡽ࡞
㓄⪅࡜ࡣ࠾ࡢࢀࡢᮃࡴ࡜࠾ࡾ࡟ᨭ㓄ࡍࡿ⪅ࡢࡇ࡜࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ࠿䣎
ࡑ࠺㢪ࢃ࡞࠸⪅ࡣⓚᖇࡢ⮧ୗ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎
㎸ࢇ࡛ࡃࡿ฼┈࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡀ᫬࡟ࡣࡘ࠸࡚ࡃࡿࡶࡢࡔ䣎
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ ࡔࡀ䣍᭹ᚑ࡜ࡋ࠿ぢ࠼࡞࠿䣬ࡓㅬ⹫ࡉ࡟ࡶ䣍ࡘ࠸࡛࡟㌿ࡀࡾ
ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ ࡑࢀࡣࡼࡃศ࠿ࡿ䣎ⓚᖇ࡟┠ࢆ࠿ࡅ࡚ࡶࡽ࠸ࡓ࠸ࡢࡔ࡞䣎
ࡃ࡞ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡞䣎
䥹௚ࡢ⪅ࡓࡕ࡟䥺ࡉ࠶ࡉ࠶䣍ᗙ䣬ࡓᗙ䣬ࡓ䣎
䥹ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ࡟
ୖᡭࡢᮎᖍࢆᣦ♧ࡋ࡚䥺ࡑࡇ࡟ᗙࢀ䣎ࡔࡀ࠸࠸࠿䣍ཱྀࢆࡁࡃࡢࡣၥࢃࢀࡓ
࡛ࢃࡀᐙ⣠ࡢ࣐ࣥࢺࢆởࡉ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ࡋࢁ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡔ䣎
ࡅࡀ
ᵝࠎ࡞შࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡟䣍᪂ࡓ࡞ᮦᩱࡲ࡛ࡘࡅຍ࠼࡚䣍ἲ࡟᜾ࡿ㑇⏘ᶓ㡿ࡢ⨥
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࡞࠶䣍ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ䣍ࡘࡲࡾ䣍ࢢࣞ䤀ࢶࡢ࠾ࢀࡓࡕ࡟ࡣ
࡜ࡁࡔࡅࡔࡒ䣎ఱࡔ䣍ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ䣎
ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ 䥹ᮘࡢୗᡭഃࡢ➃࡛䥺ࡈᏑࡌࡢ㏻ࡾ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣ❧䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢ
ࡀዲࡁ࡛ࡍࡢ࡛䣎
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ ዲࡁ࡟࠸ࡓࡏ䣎
࣐䣹ࢡࢫ ▱䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎▱䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࢢࣞ䤀ࢶࡢࣃࣥᒇࡢ๓࡛㌟ࡌࢁࡂࡦ࡜
࣐䣹ࢡࢫ ࡣ࡚䣍࡝࠺ࡋࡼ࠺䣎
ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ ࡞ࡽヰࡣ⪺ࡁࡁࡲࡍ䣍ᗙࡾࡲࡏࢇࡀ䣎
ࡘࡏࡎ࡟ఱ᫬㛫ࡶ❧䣬࡚࠸ࡓ࡞䣎ࡑࢀ࡛ࡸ䣬࡜ྍឡ࠸ᑠ㯏ࡢዿ⢭ࡀ࠺ࡲ࠸
࠸ࡿࡢࡀ⏫ࡌ䣮࠺඲㒊࡜ࡁࡓ䣎䥹ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ࡟䥺࣌ࣥ࡟࢖ࣥࢡࢆࡘࡅࡓ࠿䣎
࣐䣹ࢡࢫ ࢡࢳ䣻ࢡࢳ䣻࡜࢟ࢫࡢ㡢ࡳࡓ࠸ࡔ䣬ࡓ࡞䣎࠾ࡲࡅ࡟ࡑࢀࢆ▱䣬࡚
ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ ୗࠎࡀࢡࢳ䣺ࢡࢳ䣺ゝ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎
ࢀࡤ䣍୺ྩࡢ࡯࠺ࡀ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢࡇࡔࡲ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎ࡔ࠿ࡽ๓⨨ࡁࡣࡸࡵ࡚䣍ᮏ㢟
ࡾ䣍୙ྍ㑊ࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡔࢁ࠺䣎࠾ࡲ࠼ࡣ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢ୺ྩࡢࡇࡔࡲࡔ䣎࡛࡞ࡅ
ᩙࢆ㔜ࡡࡓゝⴥᕦࡳ࡞సᩥ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺䣎ࢺࣝࢥ࡜ࡢㅮ࿴ࡀ㈼᫂࠿ࡘᚲせ࡛࠶
ࡋࡲ䣬࡚࠾ࡅ䣎ఱࢆᣢ䣬࡚ࡁࡓ࠿䣍ࢃࢀࢃࢀ࡟ࡣศ࠿䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎᥎ᩙ࡟᥎
ࡲࡉ࠿ఱࡶ࠿ࡶグ㘓ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࡞䣎ࡑ࠺ࡽ䣍ࡇࡢ⏨䣍ࡶ䣬࡜㈼
࡟ධࢁ࠺䣎ㅮ࿴ࡀ࡛ࡁࢀࡤࡼ࠸䣎ࡓࡔ䣍ᅜࡢᇶࡓࡿ୺ྩࡢⓚᖇࡣࡇࢀࢆᮃ
䥹ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࡀ᠜୰ࡢ᭩௜ࡅ࡟ᡭࢆఙࡤࡍࡢ࡛䥺
ࡇ࡜❆㎶࡟ࣦ䣷䤀ࢾࢫࡢࡈ࡜ࡃ❧ࡕ⌧ࢀࡓࡢࡔ䣬ࡓ࡞䣎
᫂࡞ヰࢆࡋࢁ࡜࠸࠺㢦ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿䣎ᙼࡢ࡯࠺ࡀṇࡋ࠸䣎࡜࠸࠺
ࢇ࡛࠸࡞࠸ࡢࡔ䣎࠾ࡲࡅ࡟ᩘከࡢ㜿ㅀ㏣ᚑࡢ⿬࡟ู✀ࡢ㝜ㅛࡀࡦࡑ࠿࡟⏬
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ 䥹ࡋࡤࡽࡃࡋ࡚䥺୍ゝ࡝࠺ࡔ䣍ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ䣎
ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣチࡉࢀ࡞࠸࠿ࡽࡔ䣎⪺ࡃ࡜ࡇࢁ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜䣍࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜ࢔ࡢࣉࣟ
ឡ࡜㡿୺࡬ࡢᩗពࡢࡓࡵ࡟䣍ࢃࡀ඗࡟ࡋ࡚࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢ୺ྩ࡛࠶ࡿᚚோࢆྏ㈐
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ゝࢃࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡃ࡞ࡽ䣍ே㛫ࡣ☜࠿࡟࠾ࡢࢀࡢ᭱ၿࡢࡶࡢࢆᮃ
ࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࡢ➼᪘ࡀ࠾ࡲ࠼࡜ෆ㏻ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺䣎ࢺࣝࢥ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᏳ඲ಖ
ࡓ࠸䣎ࡔ࠿ࡽ䣍ࡇࡢ㌟ෆࡢ㞟ࡲࡾ࡟࠸ࢁ࡜࿨ࡌࡓࡢࡔ䣎࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡶ䣍඗ᘵ
⟇ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ゝ࠺䣎䥹ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ࡟ྥ࠿䣬࡚䥺ࢃࡓࡋࡣ࠾ࡲ࠼ࢆྏ㈐ࡋ
ࢃࡅࡔ䣍ᮏ㢟࡟ධࢁ࠺䣎ࡉ䣍ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ䣍ᗙ䣬࡚䣎
ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ ࢃࡓࡋࡀ╔ᖍࡍࡿࡢࡣ䣍ࡇࡇ࡛༠㆟ࡋ࡚ฟࡓ⤖ㄽࡀⓚᖇࡢࡈ
ពᛮ࡟ἢ࠺ࡶࡢ࠿䣍⫼ࡃࡶࡢ࠿ࡀศ࠿䣬࡚࠿ࡽ࡟࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍ䣎
ࡴࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡋ࠿ࡋ௒䣍ⓚᖇ࡟࡜䣬࡚ࡢ᭱ၿࡢ࠾⪃࠼ࡀࡇࡇ࡛ᚾᗘࡉࢀࡿ
ࡑࢀ
ࡑࡢேࡢࡓࡵ࡟䣍
䢣
㞀࡜ᙼࡽࡢಙ௮ࢆᐜㄆࡍࡿぢ㏉ࡾ࡟䣍ࢃࡀ⋤ᐙࡢࡦ࡜ࡾࡢ㡿୺࡟
ࡀㄡ࠿▱ࡾࡓࡃࡶ࡞࠸ࡋ䣍ࡑࡢྡࢆゝ࠸ࡓࡃࡶ࡞࠸ࡀ
䢣
ࡢ࡛ࡋࡓࡽ䣍ࡑࢀࡀ㝎ୗࡢࡈពᛮ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ࠿࡜␲䣬࡚࠸ࡽࢀࡲࡋ䣯࠺࠿䣎
ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ ࡔࡀࢃࡓࡋࡣ䣍ࢃࡓࡋ⮬㌟ࡀᮃࡴࡇ࡜ࡢࡳࢆᮃࡴࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ᨭ
‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ఱࢆᣐࡾᡤ࡟࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎᭹ᚑࢆᣄࡴྖ௧ᐁࡣ⿬ษࡾ⪅࡜࿧ࡤࢀ
ࡀࡘ࠸ࡓࡾ䣍
䥹ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࢆᣦࡋ࡚䥺⪁ࡅࡓࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࡡ䣎ࡇ
㐃ࢀ࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎ࡶ䣬࡜ࡶ࠶ࢀ࠿ࡽ䣍䥹ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺࢆᣦࡋ࡚䥺▱ᜨ
ࡲࡍࡒ䣎ࡋ࠿ࡋᦢࡾୖࡆࡽࢀࡓᅜ࡟ㅮ࿴ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋࡓ⪅ࡣ䣍ⓚᖇࡢጤ௵ࢆ
ࣥ
ࡢࡩࡓࡾࡀ᮶ࡓࡢࡣ䣍㌷⚄࣐ࣝࢫࡢ෇⎔㐠ືࢆᏛࡪࡓࡵ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡉࡽ࡟࠶ࢀ
ࢱ
ཷࡅ࡚ࡢࡶࡢ࡛࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶ䣍ᩆୡ୺࡛࠶ࡾ䣍ࡑࡢẸࡢഅീ࡜࡞ࡾࡲࡍ䣎䥹ᑠ
ࣝ
ࡇࢀ༠㆟ࡍࡿ࡜⪺ࡁࡘࡅ࡚䣍࡝࠺࡟࠿ࡇࡇࡲ࡛ࡓ࡝ࡾ╔ࡁࡲࡋࡓ䣎
ࢫ
ኌ࡛䥺࠾ᛀࢀ࡛ࡍ࠿䣍ㅮ࿴ࡀḧࡋ࠸ࢺࣝࢥⓚᖇࡢ࢔࣒ࣛ䤀ࢺ ࡣ䣍ఇᡓࢆ
㣕ࡧ㎸ࢇ࡛ࡃࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࡒ䣎
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ ࡃ࡝࠸䣎ㅮ࿴࡞࡝᜝ࡎ࠿ࡋࡃ࡚ᡃ៏࡛ࡁ࡞࠸䣎
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ 䥹࣐䣹ࢡࢫࢆᣦࡋ࡚䥺఑∗ୖ࡜ᣵᣜࡣඹ࡟ࡋࡲࡍࡀ䣍෕
ㄯࡣᢤࡁ࡟ࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡲࡍ䣎
ᑡࡋ㣗࡭ࢀࡤࡲࡓඖẼࡶฟࡿࡔࢁ࠺䣎
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ ㌷㝲࡛ࡣୖ࡛ࡶୗ࡛ࡶ᫬ᢡ࠸ࡊࡇࡊࡀ㉳ࡁࡿ䣎࠸࠿ࡀࡔࢁ࠺䣍
ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ ఑∗ࡉࡲ䣍ࡈᶵ᎘࠺ࡿࢃࡋ࠸ࡈᵝᏊ䣍࠾៞ࡧࡋࡲࡍ䣎
ࡦ࡜ࡾࡢᚑ൅ 䥹⏦ࡋฟࡿ䥺኱බࡀࡓࡢࡈධ᮶࡛ࡍ䣎
࡜ ࢇ࡛ ࡶ ࡞ ࠸ 㸟
࣐䣹ࢡࢫ ᡓࡣዲ࠿ࢇ䣎୍␒࠸ࡸ࡞ࡢࡀᡓ᫬㣗ࡔ䣎ࢻ࢖ࢶ㥽ኈᅋ㛗࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ
Ẋ ୗ ࡢ ᮃ ࢇ ࡛ ࠾ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿࡇ ࡜ ࡣ ≬ Ẽ ࡢἋ ử ࡔ
ఱࡶ࠿ࡶࡁࡕࢇ࡜ࡋࡓ࠸䣍࡜ࡾࢃࡅ㣗༟ࢆ࡛ࡍ䣎ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣ⛣ື୰࡟᪑⾜
ୖ࠿ࡽ୍᮲ࡢග࡛ࡶᕪࡋ࡚ࡇ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ
䢣
࡛ࡋ䣯࠺࠿䣎ࡶࡣࡸࡇࢀࡲ࡛䣎ᣄྰࡢ᪉㔪ࢆኚ࠼࡞࠸࡛ࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎
䥹๓ᬒ
㣗࡛⭡ࡈࡋࡽ࠼ࡋࡲࡋࡓ䣎࠾Ẽ㐵࠸࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡣࡇࡇ
࣐䣹ࢡࢫ ඗ୖ䣍఍࠼ࡲࡋࡓࡡ䣎ࡦ࡝࠸༴㞴ࢆ㏨ࢀ࡚䣍෌఍ࡢ႐ࡧࡶࡦ࡜ࡋ
ࢃࡓࡋࡣ㖄ࡔ䣎ྠࡌ㖄࡛ࡶ䣍࣐ࢫࢣ䣹ࢺ㖠ࡢ㖄࡞ࡽࣃ䤀ࣥ࡜㣕ࢇ࡛ࡺࡃࡀ䣍
࡚ࡳࢁ䣎ࡲࡔⱝ࠸࠿ࡽ䣍㏨ࡆࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞䣬࡚ࡶ㡹୔࡞㊊ࡀື࠸࡚ࡃࢀࡿ䣎
࠾࡛ࡍࡀ䣍᪩㏿⏝௳ࢆ䣎ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡀ࿧ࡤࢀࡓࡢࡣ䣍຾฼ࡢᢎㄆ࡜ࡋ࡚඗ୖ
䥹ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࡀ⣣ࢆᘬ䣬ᙇࡿ࡜䣍ኳᖥࡢ࢝䤀ࢸࣥࡀ㛤࠸࡚䣍⥳Ⰽࡢᕸ࡟そ
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ ๓㐍ᚋ㏥ࡢ୧᪉ࡀ࠶䣬࡚෇⎔㐠ືࡣᡂࡾ❧ࡘ䣎
ࢃࢀࡓᮘ࡜⫰᥃᳔Ꮚࡀ⌧ࢀࡿ䥺
ࡍ䣎
ࡑ࠺ࡌ䣭࡞࠸࠿ࡽ㔜ࡃ࡚㕌࠸䣎ࡑࢀࡣ࡜ࡶ࠿ࡃ䣍఍㆟ࡢᮘ࡜᳔Ꮚࡣ࡝ࡇ࡛
ࣝࢫࡣࡦ࡜ࡲࡎᚋ㏥ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡛ࡍ䣎
ࡢᡓ⾡ࢆ㈶⨾ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡔ࡜ᛮ䣬࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓ䣎࡛ࡍࡀ䣍㍤ࡅࡿᝨᫍࡢ㌷⚄࣐
ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺࡣࢃࡓࡋ࡜ࡣពぢࡀ㐪࠺ࡼ࠺ࡔ࡞䣎ࡇࡇ࡟ṧ䣬࡚䣍⭎ヨࡋࡋ
㐨ࡀࢺࣝࢥ࡟༨㡿ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ䣍࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅ᪩ࡃ࢘䣵䤀ࣥ࡟ᡠࡾࡲࡍ䣎
࡛᭶᱇ෙࡀḧࡋ࠸ࢃࡅ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛䣍ᛴ࠸࡛⏝௳ࢆ䣎ࡑࢀࡀ⤊ࢃࡾḟ➨䣍
䥹኱බࡓࡕ䣍ᑟ࠿ࢀ࡚ධ䣬࡚ࡃࡿ䥺
࡞࠸࡜ࡶ㝈ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎
࡬㞳ࢀ࡚ࡺࡁ䥺ࡲࡉ࡟ࡑ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠺ࡕ࡟䣍ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢ┠ㄽぢࡀ⇍ࡋ࡚ࡇ
࡜࠾ศ࠿ࡾࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎࡜ࡣ࠸࠼
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ
ࡶഛ࠼ࡓᩆୡ୺ࡢ⭎ࡢ୰࡟
䢣
ࡍ䣎ࡑࢀ࡟࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜ࢔ࡢ᪂ᪧ཮᪉ࡢ➼᪘ࡀࡓࡶ༴ᛴࡢ࠾ࡾ࡟ࡣ䣍⾜ືຊ
୚ ࠼ ࡓ ⪅ ࡟ ࡣ ࣁ ࣥ ࢞ ࣜ 䤀 ࡛ ᶒ ຊ ࡜ ᙳ 㡪 ຊ ࢆ ᣢ ࡘࡇ ࡜ ࢆ ႐ ࢇ ࡛ ㄆ ࡵ ࡿ ࡢ ࡛
32
࣐䣹ࢡࢫ ࡛ࡍࡀ䣍෇ࡢ୰࡟ࡕࢇࡲࡾ㛢ࡌࡇࡶ䣬࡚࠸࡚๓㐍ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎
ࡲ࡛ࡉࢀ࡚䣍㌟ศࡶἠๆࡶയࡘࡅࡽࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡲࡋࡓ䣎ᡓ࡟ᩗពࡣ㏻⏝ࡋ
࠸࡚䣍඗ୖ࡜ࡉࡋ࡚㐪ࢃ࡞࠸≧ἣࡔ䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎࠾ࡲࡅ࡟ࢃࡓࡋࡣᤕ⹭࡟
඗ୖ䣍௖㡬㠃ࡋ࡞࠸࡛ࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡔ䣬࡚࣏䤀ࣛࣥࢻࡢ⋤ෙࢆத䣬࡚
࡟ᑠኌ࡛䥺ࡋ࠿ࡋ䣍ࡇࡢ఍ྜ࡟వศ࡞ឤࡌࡢࡍࡿ⏨ࡀࡦ࡜ࡾ࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡡ䣎
ࡔࡀ䣍⥳࡞ࡽ┠ࡶ㢌ࡶ෪࠼࡚ࡃࡿ䣎ࡉ࠶ࡳࢇ࡞䣍ᗙࢁ࠺䣎䥹࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ
ጁ᱌ࡶᾋ࠿ࢇ࡛ࡇ࡞࠸ࡋ䣍㟷࠸ࢸ䤀ࣈࣝࢡࣟࢫࡣ⢭⚄⑓㝔࡟┤⤖ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎
⥳ࡢࢸ䤀ࣈࣝ࠿䣎࠺ࡴ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡢ័ࢀぶࡋࢇ࡛࠸ࡿⰍࡔ䣎ᮘࡀ㉥࠸࡜ఱࡢ
࡞࠸䣎ぢ㎸ࡳࡀ࠶䣬࡚࠸ࡃࡽࡢࡶࡢ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡉ࡚䣍඗ୖࡶࡈᏑࡌࡢ⏚ࢆ
273
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋ䣯࠺㸽 ࡈ⮬㌟ࡢ࠾┠࡛
ࡤ䣎䥹࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫࡢ๓࡟ࡦࡊࡲࡎ࠸࡚䣍ࡑࡢᡭࢆᥱࡾ䥺Ẋୗ䣍⏕ࡁ࡚࠾
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ ࠾ࡑࡽࡃ㐜ࢀ࡚ᡠ䣬࡚ࡃࡿ⪅ࡶ࠸ࡿࡔࢁ࠺䣎ࡔࡀ䣍ᛮ䣬࡚࠸
䢣
ࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓ࠿䣎ࢃࢀࢃࢀⓙ䣍ᖾࡏ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎
䢣
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ṧࡾࡢරࡶពẼ㜼႙ࡋ࡚䣍࠶࡜ࡢᡭ❧࡚࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ
ࡢឡ᝟࡟ឤㅰࡍࡿ䣎࠺ࡴ䣍௒ᗘࡤ࠿ࡾࡣࡲ࠸䣬ࡓ䣎࡯ࢇࡢᩘࢭࣥࢳࡢᕪ䣍
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ 䥹❧ࡕṆࡲ䣬࡚䥺᪂ࡓ࡞ࡿᨷᧁ࠶ࡿࡢࡳ䣎
ࡓ࡜࠾ࡾ
㛫୍㧥ࡢ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛䣍࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫබᏊࡣ䣍⋤౳ࡶஒ㣗࡜ぢ⣮࠺Ἠୗࡢே࡜
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ㅮ࿴ࡋ࠿ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡏࢇ䣎
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ 䥹ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࡢ㌟ࢆ㉳ࡇࡋ࡚䥺࠿ࡓࡌࡅ࡞࠸䣍཭ࡼ䣎࠾ࡲ࠼
࡞ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡔ䣬ࡓ䣎䥹⮬ศࡢ᭹ࢆぢࡏ࡚䥺ࡇࡢ◚ࢀࡼ࠺ࢆぢ࡚ࡃࢀ䣎ࢺࣝ
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ ᪂ࡓ࡞䣍ಸࡶᙉⅯ࡞ᨷᧁࡔ䣎
䢣
ࢥࡢࢧ䤀࣋ࣝࡔ䣎ࡓ䣬ࡓ⊂ࡾ࡛ࢃࡓࡋࡣ䣍ᩛࢆࡦ࡜ࡾࡎࡘࡸ䣬ࡘࡅࡓ䣎ᘬ
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡘ࠸ඛ㡭䣍Ẋୗࡣ☜ಙࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡓ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ࠿䣍᮲⣙ࡢ
ࡳࡀ
䢣
ࡁࡶษࡽࡎ࡟䣎䥹ᡭ᣺ࡾࢆࡋ࡚ぢࡏ࡚䥺ࡔࡀ䣍Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡢࡇࢁ⩦䣬ࡓ࣐ࢧࣔ
䤀ࣟ⪁ඛ⏕ ࡢ࢝ࣝࢺࡢᩳࡢᵓ࠼ࡀ᭱ᚋ࡟ࡣᙺ࡟❧䣬ࡓ䣎ᖺࢆྲྀ䣬ࡓ㎰ኵ
䥹ᚑ൅ࡓࡕ䣍▷࠸࣐ࣥࢺࢆᣢ䣬࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ䥺
࢘䣷ࢤࢸ䣵࢘ࢫ ࡤࡾࡢィ⏬ࡀ┠ࡢ๓࡟ᾋ࠿ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ䣎ࡇࢀࡀᐇ⌧ࡍࡿ࡞
ࡇࡢゝⴥ࡟ࡣ⾑ࡀ࢝䣹࡜࡞䣬࡚䣍ࡓࡂ䣬ࡓࡲࡲᚰ⮚࠿ࡽ㢏࡟ୖ䣬࡚ࡃࡿ䣎
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ ඛ㡭ࡣࡑ࠺ࡔ䣎ࡑࡢ᫬ࡣ຾฼⪅ࡔ䣬ࡓ䣎ࡔࡀ௒ࡣᩋࡅࡓࡢࡔ䣎
ࡲ࠶࠸࠸࠿䣎
䢣
ゝ䣬ࡓࡔࢁ࠺䣎
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ᡓ䣬࡚ࡣ㏥༷ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ࡜࡟࡞䣬࡚䣍ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢ❧ሙࡣ࡝ࢀ
䥹ᚑ൅ࡓࡕ䣍ࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀᭹ࢆ⬺ࡀࡏ䣍࣐ࣥࢺࢆ╔ࡏ࠿ࡅࡿ䣎ࡑࡢ㛫࡟䥺
ఱࡔ䣎
䢣
ࡀࡇࡢୖ╔ࢆࡃࢀࡓࡢ࡛䣍ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ࢃࡀ㝕Ⴀ࡟ᡠ䣬࡚ࡁࡓࡢࡔ䣎
30
ࡽ䣍ࡶ䣬࡜ヰࡋྜ࠾࠺䣎
බࡀࡓࡀ䣍ㅮ࿴ࡢヰࡋྜ࠸ࢆࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟࠸ࡽࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ࠿䣎
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ Ẋୗࡢ࠾ゝⴥ࡜ࡶᛮ࠼ࡲࡏࢇ䣎௒ࡇࡢ᫬࡟䣍Ẋୗ࡟࿧ࡤࢀࡓ኱
࡯࡝ᚰࡶ࡜࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎
31
274
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ ࡇࡢᡓࡣኻᩋࡔ䣎࣐ࣥࢫࣇ䣷ࣝࢺぶ∗ࡀࡄࡎࡄࡎࡋ࡚䣍㌷ࡀ
࠸䣎⌧ᅾ࡜ᮍ᮶ࡢᙺ࡟❧ࡘࡇ࡜ࡔ䣎Ẽศࡸࡽ౑࿨ࡸࡽ⫋ศࡸࡽࡀ࿨ࡌࡿ࡜
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ ᙼࡽࡣᡓࢆ୍ᗘࡌ䣬ࡃࡾぢ࡚ࡳࡿࡀࡼ࠿ࢁ࠺䣎ཧຍࡋ࡚ࡶࡼ
ቯ⁛ࡉࡏࡽࢀࡓ࠿ࡽ䣍ࡲ࡜ࡶ࡟Ṋჾࡸᡓ㌴ࢆᢅ࠼ࡿ⪅ࡶ࠸࡞ࡃ࡞䣬ࡓ䣎ࡑ
ࡇࢁ࡟⾜ࡃࡢࡣࡑࢀ࠿ࡽ࡛ࡼ࠸䣎
ࢀ࡟ẚ࡭࡚࠶ࡢࢺࣝࢥே࡝ࡶ䣍䥹࣐ࣥࢺࢆࡁࡕࢇ࡜╔ࡿ䣎ᚑ൅ࡓࡕ䣍㞳ࢀ
ࣇࣜ䣻䤀ࢤࣝ
ࡿ䥺ᮏ≀ࡣᮏ≀ࡔ䣎ᬑ㏻࡞ࡽᕝ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡣ䣍ᕝࢆ㢗ࡾ࡟ࡍࡿഃ➃㒊㝲ࢆ
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ ヰࡀ࡝࠺࡞ࢁ࠺ࡀ䣍ⓚᖇࡢ⪥࡟ࡣධ䣬࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡶࡢࡔ䣎
ࢀࡓࡽ䣎
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ௒䣍ⓚᖇࡀ䣍ࡈពᛮ࡟཯ࡍࡿ༠㆟ࡀࡇࡇ࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡓ࡜࠾⪥࡟ࡉ
Ᏺ䣬࡚ࡃࢀࡿ䣎ࡔࡀ䣍ࡸࡘࡽ࡜ࡁࡓࡽே㤿୍య࡟࡞䣬࡚Ὃ࠸࡛ࡁ࡚䣍㜵ቨ
࡜ࡇࢁ࡛䣍㏥༷ࡢ᝟ሗࡣ࡝࠺ࡔ䣎㌷࡟ᡠ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ࠿䣎Ḟဨࡣከ࠸
࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࢆᨷᧁࡢ┠ᶆ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢࡔ䣎ࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࡣẼࢆࡘࡅࡼ
䢣
࠺䣎
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡜ࡣ࠸࠼䣍⤖ᯝḟ➨࡛࠾ᛣࡾࢆචࢀࡿ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺ࡀ䣎
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ ᭱Ⰻࡢ㜵ᚚࡣᣙ࡟ᥱࡿ๢ࡀ୚࠼࡚ࡃࢀࡿ䣎
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ Ẋୗࡀࡇࡢ㌷ࡢᣦ᥹ᐁࢆゎ௵ࡉࢀࡓࡽ䣎
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡯ࡰ඲㌷ࡢ୕ศࡢ୍ࡔࡑ࠺࡛ࡍ䣎
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᣄࡴ࠿ࡶ▱ࢀࢇ䣎
࠿䣎
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ 䥹⾜ࡁࡘᡠࡾࡘ䥺୕ศࡢ୍࠿䣍ࡲࡎ࠸࡞䣎
‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
ࡿ࠿ᙜࡓ䣬࡚ࡳࡓ࠿䣎
䢣
ࡢᖹẸࡢ᭹
࣓ࣛ䤀 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫࡉࡲ࠿㸽
኱බ࡛ࡍ䣎
࣓ࣛ䤀 ᣦ᥹ᐁࡀ஧༑ྡ࡯࡝䣎
ࡑ࠺࡛ࡍ࡜ࡶ䣎
ࣦ䣵ࣦ䣴䤀ࢺ
ࣦ䣵ࣦ䣴䤀ࢺ
࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜ࢔࡜ࡑࡢ⋤
ࣦ䣵ࣦ䣴䤀ࢺ
ࣦ䣵ࣦ䣴䤀ࢺ
ࣦ䣵ࣦ䣴䤀ࢺ
䥹ྠࡌ᪉ྥ࡟⥆ࡁ࡞ࡀࡽ䥺 ୓ ṓ 䣍 ୓ ṓ 㸟
䥹ⓙ䣍ୖᡭ࡟ᡠ䣬࡚ࡺࡃ䥺
࡜ࡣゝ࠺࡞ࡼ䣎
රኈ୍ 䥹ୖᡭࡢ⩌ࢀ࠿ࡽฟ࡚ࡁ࡚䥺࡝࠺࡟࠿㛫࡟ྜ䣬ࡓ䣎ࡔࡀ䣍వィ࡞ࡇ
࣓ࣛ䤀 ࡉ࠶䣍ⓙࡢ⪅䣍 ୓ ṓ 㸟䥹୍⥴࡟⥆࠸࡚ࡺࡃ䥺
඲ဨ
ࡅ࡚㉮ࡾᐤࡾ䣍 ୧ᡭ࡛ᙼࡢྑᡭࢆᥱ䣬࡚࠿ࡽ䣍ୗᡭ࡟ᛴ࠸࡛㏥ሙ䥺
䥹࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ࡜⪺࠸࡚ࣅࢡ䣹࡜㌟ࢆࡍࡃࡵࡓࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࡣ௒䣍㝲㛗ࡵࡀ
ᐙ࡟ᛅ໅࡞ࡿ⪅ࡣྉ࡭䣎
ࡉ࠶䣍 ୓ ṓ 䣍 ୓ ṓ 㸟
㝲㛗
䢣
ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ ࡋ䣬䣍ኌࡀ㧗࠸䣎
䥹࣓ࣛ䤀࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ୗᡭ࡟⛣ືࡍࡿ䣎࣓ࣛ䤀䣍ᙼ࡟ヰࡍ䥺
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ 䥹⯙ྎ୰ኸ࡛䣍኱බࡢ࡯࠺࡟ྥ࠿࠺㌟᣺ࡾࢆࡋ࡚䥺ࡣ࡚ࡶ࠺୍
ᗘ䣍ヨࡋ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺࠿䣎
䥹ୖᡭ๓ᬒ࡟࠸ࡿරኈࡢ୍ᅋ䥺
රኈ୍ 䥹ᑠኌ࡛䥺ⓚᖇࡢಱࡢࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࡀ㝕୰࡟᮶࡚࠸࡚䣍ࡦࡑ࠿
࡞くᧁ࡟ຍᢸࡍࡿ⪅ࢆເ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ዪࡀࡩࡓࡾ஌䣬࡚ࡿ㤿㌴ࡀ≺࠸࡛䣍㆙
ㆤࡶᡭⷧࡽࡋ࠸䣎
ⓚᖇࡢಱࡀ┐㈫࡞ࡶࡢ࠿䣎ࡔ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼࡟ఱࡢ㛵ಀࡀ࠶ࡿ䣎
රኈ஧ ࡑࢀࡌ䣭࠶ࡲࡿ࡛┐㈫ࡢくᧁࡔ࡞䣎
රኈ୍
ኳᖥࡢෆ㒊䣎⊃࠸✵㛫䣎ᚋᬒࡣ࢝䤀ࢸ࡛ࣥ㛢ࡊࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎
රኈ஧ ࠾ࡲ࠼䣍⾜ࡃࡢ࠿䣎
እ࠿ࡽࡣ࡞࠾䣍 ୓ ṓ ࡢኌ䣎
⯙ྎࡣ✵࡟࡞ࡿ䣎ሙ㠃㌿᥮
࡯ࡽ䣍㔠㈌࡛ᡶ䣬࡚ࡃࢀࡿࡒ䣎䥹㔠㈌ࢆぢࡏࡿ䥺
රኈ୍ ⾜ࡃࡉ䣎ࢡࣥࢶࡶࣁࣥࢫࡶ࣓ࣝࢸࣥࡶ⾜ࡃࡒ䣎
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ኱බ䣍⭸ࡲ࡛ᆶࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㉁⣲࡞ࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀㢼ࡢୖ╔ࢆ╔䣍ᩘே
ࡢᚑ൅ࢆᚑ࠼࡚ୖᡭ࠿ࡽⓏሙ䣎
ࣦ䣵ࣦ䣴䤀ࢺ
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ 䥹⯙ྎ୰ኸ࡛䥺࠸ࡸ࠸ࡸ䣍┠ඛࡢࡁ࠿࡞࠸ࡸࡘࡽࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡇࡢ
║ຊࡸṇᙜ࡞㄂ࡾࢆ≛≅࡟ࡍࡿࡃࡽ࠸࡞ࡽṚࢇࡔ࡯࠺ࡀࡲࡋࡔ䣎
ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ 䥹࣓ࣛ䤀࡟䥺ᶵᩄ࡟䣍ᢤࡅ┠࡞ࡃ䣎࠶࠸ࡘ࡟Ẽࢆࡘࡅࢁ䣎
䥹ࢡ
ࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࢆᣦࡋ࡚㏥ሙ䥺
ᗘࡣࡲࡇ࡜࡟㤳ࡢ⓶୍ᯛࡔ䣬ࡓ䣎䥹⮬ศࡢ᭹ࢆぢ࡚䣍ᚑ൅ࡓࡕ࡟䥺࡯࠿ࡢ
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ ࡉ࠶䣍⾑Ẽࡉ࠿ࢇ࡛ᛅᐇ࡞ⱝ⪅ࡣ䣍Ḽኌࢆ࠶ࡆ࡚ࡃࢀ䣎ࡇࡢ
රኈ஧ 䥹ୖᡭ๓ᬒ࡛䥺ࡉ࠶࠾ࢀࡶ௰㛫ࡔ䣎௒࠿ࡽࡸࡿࡢ࠿䣎
࠸ࡸ䣍ࡇࡢࡲࡲ࡛ࡼ࠸䣎ࡁ䣯࠺ཷࡅࡓ㎯ࡵࢆᣔ࠸ཤࡿࡲ
ୖ╔ࢆࡃࢀ䣎
ࢁࡄࡢࡀࡼ࠸࠿ࡽ䣎
ࡔࡀ䣍᳔Ꮚࡣࡃࢀ䣎᪂ࡓ࡞⾜ືࡢࡓࡵ࡟ຊࢆ⵳࠼ࡿ๓ࡣ䣍ࡢࢇࡧࡾࡃࡘ
䢣
රኈ୍ ௒ኪࡔ䣎
ࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀
࡛䣍ࡇࡢ᭹࡜ࡣ࠾ࡉࡽࡤࡍࡲ࠸䣎
ࣦ䣵ࣦ䣴䤀ࢺ
䢣
ྲྀࡾᕳ࠿ࢀ࡚
රኈ஧ ࡼࡋ䣎
ࣦ䣵ࣦ䣴䤀ࢺ
ྉࡧኌ 䥹⯙ྎ⿬࡛䥺 ୓ ṓ 䣍 ୓ ṓ 㸟
࣓ࣛ䤀 ఱࡈ࡜ࡔ䣎
䢣
㝲㛗 䥹ୗᡭࡢ⿇ࢆぢࡘࡵ࡚䥺⏨ࡀࡦ࡜ࡾ
275
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ 䥹ୖᡭ࠿ࡽධ䣬࡚ࡁ࡚䥺㐨ࢆ࠶ࡅ࡚ࡃࢀ䣎ࡈ୺ྩࡢチ࡟⾜࠿ࡡ
㝲㛗 ࠾⪺ࡁ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓ࠿䣎
࿘ࡾࡢ⪅ࡓࡕ ୍ᚰྠయࡔ䣎ᩍⓚ࡜ࣟ䤀࣐ࡣᕪࡋ⨨ࡅ䣎ࡳࢇ࡞඗ᘵࡔ䣎
ᩘேࡢරኈ 䥹ྠࡌືసࢆࡋ࡚䥺཭ࡼ䣍඗ᘵࡼ䣎
ࡁ࡟⪥ࢆ㈚ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ࡞࠸࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎
฿╔ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓ䣎ⓙࡉࡲࡣ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫࡉࡲࡢ⫋ົࢆ௦⾜ࡉࢀ䣍⊒ୗࡢᄱ
ࢢࣞ䤀ࢶ࡜࢘䣵䤀ࣥ࠿ࡽ༠㆟ࡢࡓࡵࡔ࡜࠿䣍࿧ࡧᐤࡏࡽࢀࡓ኱බࡀࡓࡀࡈ
ࡢ㏨ஸ⪅ࡽࡀ౑䣬ࡓ㏨ࡆ㐨ࢆぢࡘࡅ࡚࠾ࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡑࡋ࡚䣍⊒ୗࡀ
࣓ࣛ䤀 ᨺ䣬࡚࠾ࡅ䣎
276
࢔ࢫ኱බࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡀ࡝ࢀࡔࡅ▱䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ᩍ࠼࡚ࡃࢀ䣎
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࢃࡓࡋࢆ౲㎯ࡍࡿࡢࡣ㉧ࡋ࡚ࡸࢁ࠺䣎ࡓࡔ㢗ࡴ࠿ࡽ䣍࣐ࢸ䣵䤀
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ 䥹ୖᡭ࠿ࡽ᮶࡚䥺ఱࡓࡿࡇ࡜ࡔ䣎ࡇࢀࡀ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍᚐࡢ㝕୰࠿䣎
ࡇࡢ㌷㝲ࡣࡇࢀ࡛࢝ࢺࣜ䣹ࢡࡢ㡿୺࡟௙࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡘࡶࡾ࠿䣎
࣓ࣛ䤀 ࠾Ẽࢆᝏࡃ࡞ࡉ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࡢ࡞ࡽ䣍ࡈᏳᚰࢆ䣎௒ᚋࡣࢃࡀ㌷ࡢࡓࡵ࡟
䣎᭱ၿࢆᮇᚅࡍࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚䣍⊒ୗ࡟ࡣ䣍Ẋୗࡀ
࣓ࣛ䤀 ఱࡶ▱ࡽ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ▱䣬࡚࠸ࡲࡍ䣎Ẋୗࡣࡇࡇ࡟ࡣ࠾ࡽࢀࡲ
䢣
ࡏࢇ䣎࢘䣵䤀ࣥ࠿࡝ࡇ࠿
ࡇࡢ㝕୰࡟ᡠࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡔࡅ࡛༑ศ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࡈฟ❧࡞ࡉ
࠸ࡲࡏ䣎ࡑࢀ࡜ࡶẊୗࡢࡈ࿨௧࡟ᚑ䣬࡚࠶ࡕࡽ࡟࠸ࡽࡋࡓ࠿ࡓࡀࡓࡢチ࡛
ࡈ⮬ศࡢ㐠ࢆヨࡋ࡚ࡳࡽࢀࡲࡍ࠿࡞䣎
䥹ᚋᬒ࡟࠸ࡿ⪅ࡓࡕ䣍୍ิ࡟ᩚิࡍࡿ䣎ୗᡭ࠿ࡽࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ䣍ࣞ䤀
ᩚิ㸟 ኱බࡉࡲࡀࡓࡢ࠾ᡂࡾ㸟
ࡍ䣎ⓚᖇ㝎ୗ࡟ࡣ䣍ࡇࡢᆅ࡟⊒ୗ࡟࠶ࡲࡾࡈᅾ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓࡃ࡞࠸⏤䣍ఛ
࣏࢜ࣝࢺ䣍࣐ࢡࢩ࣑䤀ࣜ࢔ࣥࡢྛ኱බ䣍Ⓩሙ䥺
࡛ ࡣ ⊒ ୗ ࡢ ᩍ ༊ ࡀ ࡇ ࡢ 㝕 ୰ ࡟ ࠶ ࡿ ࡜࡛ ࡶ㸽
ࣀ ࢖ࢩ 䣻 ࢱ 䣹ࢺ ࡛
࡟㐨ࡀᦂࢀື࠸࡚࠸ࡿ䣎඗ୖࡢࡇ࡜ࡣࡲࡔఱࡶ⪺ࡇ࠼࡚ࡇࢇࡢ࠿䣎
࣐ࢡࢩ࣑䤀ࣜ࢔ࣥ 䥹ኴ䣬ࡓᮁࡽ࠿ࡑ࠺࡞⤀ኈ䥺ࡦ࡝࠸⇕࡟ᾋ࠿ࡉࢀࡓࡼ࠺
ࡋ࠸䣎
ࡀࡽ䥺ⓙࡉࡲࡀࡓࡢࡈධ᮶࡟⚄ࡢࡈຍㆤࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡼ࠺࡟䣎
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ 䥹ୖᡭ๓ᬒ࡟ྥ࠿䣬࡚࠸ࡓࡀ䣍௒䣍ᙼࡽࡢ࡯࠺࡟Ṍ࠸࡚ࡺࡁ࡞
࣓ࣛ䤀
䥹኱බࡓࡕ䣍཯ᑐ᪉ྥࢆぢ࡚࠿ࡽ䣍⯙ྎࢆ㏻ࡾᢤࡅ࡚㏥ሙ䥺
࡟ࡣ⚄ࡢᜠᑋࡢぢ㎸ࡳࡀṤ࡝࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎ࡑࢀࡶࡑࡢࡣࡎ䣍ࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥ
࠸ࡃࡘࡶࡢኻᩋ࡜㐣ࡕࡢ㈐ࡵࢆ㈇ࢃࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࡋ࠿ࡶ࠾᣺⯙࠸
ࢆᢲࡋ㏻ࡉࢀ䣍⚄ࡢᜠᑋࢆồࡵࡿ⪷ᆅᕠ♩࡜⛠ࡋ࡚ᡓࢆ㐙⾜࡞ࡉࡿ࡞ࡽ䣍
ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ኱බ
࣓ࣛ䤀኱బ 䥹ᙼࡢ࡜ࡇࢁ࡟Ṍࡳ䥺㛶ୗ䣎
ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ኱බ
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ 䥹࠶࡜ࡎࡉ䣬࡚䥺ఱࡓࡿࡇ࡜䣎
ࢺ࡜ࡤ࠿ࡾ஺ࢃࡾ䣍ⓚᖇ㝎ୗ࡟ᛅㄔࢆㄋ䣬࡚࠸ࡿㅖᅜࡢேࠎࡢᚰࢆ㝎ୗ࠿
ࡍ䣍ࣀ࢖ࢩ䣻ࢱ䣹ࢺ࡜࢘䣵䤀ࣥࡀ⊒ୗࡢࡈጾගࡢ㍤ࡃ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࡍ䣎࠾⪃࠼
29
せồࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ⤯࠼࡚࡞࠿䣬ࡓ䣎㟋㨦ࡢ∾⪅࡟ࡣᩍ఍ࡢᩍ༊ࡀఝࡘ࠿ࢃ
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࢃࡓࡋࡢ⩏ົࡀࡑ࠺せồࡍࡿ᫬ࡔ䣎ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡣࣉࣛࣁ࡟⾜ࡅ࡜
䣬࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎࠸ࡘⓎࡓࢀࡲࡋ䣯࠺࠿䣎
࠾ᛣࡾ࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎⊒ୗࡣࣉࣛࣁ࡟ྊႏࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲ
ࢺ࡟㞟ࡲ䣬࡚ࡺࡃ䣎ᴦኈࡶ㋀ࡾᡭࡶ୰࡟ධ䣬࡚ࡺࡃ䣎➗࠸ኌ䣍஝ᮼࡢኌ䥺
ྜ䣬࡚㋀ࡾጞࡵࡿ䣎ࡑࡢሙ࡟ᒃྜࢃࡏࡓරኈࡓࡕ䣍ࡑࡇ࡟࠶ࡿ㓇ಖࡢࢸࣥ
䥹ᚋᬒ࡟࡚⣲ᮔ࡞㡢ᴦࡀ㬆ࡾጞࡵࡿ䣎ᩘ⤌ࡢ࣌࢔ࡀ㡰࡟Ⓩሙࡋ䣍ᡭࢆྲྀࡾ
ྉࡧኌ 䥹ᚋᬒ࡟࡚䥺ࣖ䣹࣍䤀䣎ࢪࣉࢩ䤀ࡔ䣎
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ
䥹⊂ࡾṧ䣬࡚࠾ࡾ䣍ୗᡭ๓ᬒ࡟㐍ࢇ࡛䥺࣓ࣛ䤀㸟
ࡤ䣓Ⰻዲ䣔࡜ゝ࠸ࡓ࠸ࡃࡽ࠸ࡔ䣎࠶ࡢࡩࡓࡾ࡟ࡣᛮᝨࡀ࠶ࡿ䣎ࡇࡢ㌷ࡣゎ
ࡽ⫼࠿ࡏ࡚࠸ࡽ䣬ࡋ䣭ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽ࡞䣎࡛ࡍࡀ┠ୗ䣍ᨭ㓄≧ἣࡀኚࢃࡾࡲ
యࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡑ࠺࡞Ẽࡀࡍࡿ䣎ࢃࡀࣃ䣹ࢧ࢘㌷࡟௙ᐁࡍࡿẼࡢ࠶ࡿ⪅ࡀ࠸
࡝࠺ࡶࡇࡇࡣ࠶ࡲࡾࡼࡃ࡞࠸࡞䣎ࡔࡀ䣍ࡼࡃ⪃࠼࡚ࡳࢀ
ࡋࡓ䣎ᮏ㝕Ⴀࡢ୺ྩ࡟ࡋ࡚ᣦ᥹ᐁ࡛࠶ࡽࡏࡽࢀࡿ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫࡉࡲࡀ䣍௚
‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
ࡋࡓࡽࡼ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺࠿䣎
㐪࠺ࢇࡔ䣎
ࡩࡓࡾࡢ⏥㥽ර
රኈ ࡇࡢ␗ᩍࡢዪࡣ᩿↛࠾ࢀࡢࡶࡢࡔ䣎ࢢࣛ䤀ࣥ ࡢࡇ࠸ࡘࡢᐙࡣ࠾ࢀࡀ
䥹රኈࡢ࠶࡜ࢆ㏣䣬࡚ࡁ࡚䥺ࡑ࠺࠶ࡿ䣍ࡑ࠺࠶ࡿ䣎
ࡓࡔ䣍ⓚᖇࡀᮃࢇ࡛࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡏࢇ䣎
࣓ࣛ䤀 Ẋୗࡀ࠾ࡽࢀࡼ࠺࡜ྠࡌࡇ࡜䣎ㅮ࿴ࡔ䣎
㝲㛗
࣓ࣛ䤀 ᮃࡴ࡜࠿ᮃࡲ࡞࠸࡜࠿䣎௒䣍ၥࢃࢀࡿࡢࡣ䣍࡝࠺ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞
࠸࠿࡛࠶䣬࡚䣍࡝࠺ࡋࡓ࠸࠿࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎ࡑࢀ࡟䣍እᩛ࡜ࡢᡓࡀㄪ೵ࡉࢀ࡚䣍
␎ዣࡋ࡚࠸࠸ࡇ࡜࡟࡞䣬ࡓࢇࡔ䣎ࡇ࠸ࡘࡢ፵ࢆẅࡋࡓࡢࡀ࠾ࢀࡔ࠿ࡽ䣍ࡇ
࠸ࡘࡣ࠾ࢀࡢࡶࡢࡔ䣎ᙜ↛ࡔࢁ䣎
䢣
䥹ࢺࣝࢥዪ࡟䥺ᮏᙜ࠿䣎
ཱྀࡀࡁࡅ࡞࠸࡛࠸ࡿ䣎ࡑࢀࡀᮏᙜ࡞ࡽ䣍
䢣
ࡇࡢዪࡢ㢌ࢆ࠿ࡕ๭䣬࡚ࡸࡿ䣎ࡔࡀ௒ࡢ࡜ࡇࢁࡣࡇ࠸ࡘࡣ࠾ࢀࡢࡶࡢ
රኈ
⏥㥽රࡢࡦ࡜ࡾ ࡇ࠸ࡘ䣍࠾ࢀࡢᡭ䣍ᥱࡿ䣎
ࡋ࠿ࡋරኈ࡝ࡶࢆ࡝࠺ᐋࡵࢀࡤࡼ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎ࡶ࠺༑஧࠿᭶ࡶ⤥ᩱ
ࡼ࠺ࡸࡃෆ࡟ྥ࠿䣬࡚㎥⭎ࡀ᥹࠼ࡿࡢࡔ䣎
㝲㛗
ࡀ䣬࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎
࣓ࣛ䤀 ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ኱බࡀࣃ䣹ࢧ࢘ ࡛Ẹරࢆເ㞟ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡇࡇࡀ஧
⏥㥽රࡓࡕ 䥹ᡭࢆࢧ䤀࣋ࣝ࡟࠶࡚ࡀ䣬࡚䥺ࡣ䣬ࡁࡾࡉࡏࡿࡼ࠸䣎
ㄡ࠿䣍ㄡ࠿࠸࡞࠸࠿䣎஧ᑐ୍࡜ࡣ䣎ྠ㒓ࡢ⪅ࢆຓࡅ࡚ࡃࢀࡿ⪅ࡣ࠸࡞
࠸ࡢ࠿䣎
රኈ
㸽
㐍ࡶ୕㐍ࡶ⾜࠿࡞ࡃ࡞䣬ࡓࡽ䣍ࢃࢀࢃࢀ࡟ၥ࠸ྜࢃࡏࢁ䣎
䢣
㝲㛗 ᩛࡣఱ⪅࡛
࣓ࣛ䤀 ࣃ䣹ࢧ࡛࢘㌷ഛࡣ㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡲࡔࡼࡃศ࠿䣬࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡀ䣍ㄡ
㝲㛗 䥹ᙼࡽࡢ㛫࡟ධ䣬࡚䥺ࢨ䤀࣒ࣛࣥࢺ ࡢ⪅䣍ࡉࡀࢀ䣍␗➃ࡢ≟࡝ࡶ䣎
ࡢࡓࡵࡢࡶࡢ࠿ࡣࡶ࠺ゝ䣬ࡓ࡜࠾ࡾ䣍ᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜ࢔࡜ⓚᖇࡢࡓ
䣍ࡿ
䣍ࡔ䣬࡚▱ࡽࢀ࡚࡞࠸࡜࡛ࡶᛮ䣬࡚ࡿ
ࢺ ࣝ ࢥ ࡜ ࣝ ࢱ 䤀 ὴ ࡀ ࠸ ࡘࡶ ࡄ
ࢆ⏬⟇ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡔ䣎
ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࠿䣎௒ᮅ䣍㏨ஸ࡟ඛ㠴ࢆࡘࡅࡓࡢࡣ␗➃ࡢ㍮࡝ࡶࡔ䣬ࡓ䣎⿬ษࡾ
ࡢ࠿䣎ࡑ࠺࡛࡞ࡃ࡚࡝࠺ࡋ࡚䣍ᕷ㆟఍࡜㌷ࡢࡸࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡍࡇ࡜ࡳࢇ࡞ኻᩋ
㝲㛗
⏥㥽රࡢࡦ࡜ࡾ ⏨䣍ఱ䣍ゝ䣬࡚ࡿ䣎
ࡵࡔ䣎ࡇࡢ⏨ࡓࡕࡣఱ⪅ࡔ䣎
䥹ᩘேࡢ㯮࠸᭹ࢆ╔ࡓ⏨ࡀ⯙ྎࢆ㏻ࡾᢤࡅࡿ䣎࠺ࡕఱே࠿ࡣࡩࡓࡾ࡟ᖗᏊ
ࢆ⬺࠸࡛ᣵᣜࡍࡿ䥺
27
࠿ࡓࡀࡓ࡛ࡍ䣎᐀᪨ࢆኚ࠼ࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ኱බ࡟ሗ࿌࡟࠸ࡽࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࡀ䣍࠸ࡘ
㝲㛗 䥹๢ࢆᢤࡁ࠿ࡅ࡚䥺࠾ࢀ࡟ࡑࢇ࡞ࡇ࡜ࢆ䣎ㄡࡔ䣎
᪝ᡭ 䥹ୖᡭ๓ᬒ࡟࡚䥺ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆゝ࠺ேࡣბࡘࡁ࡛ࡍ䣎
ࡢ㛫࡟࠿ࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀ࡀࡓ࡟ᐷ㏉䣬࡚࠸ࡲࡍ䣎ࡇ࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ⪺ࡁ⪥ࢆ❧࡚
➨஧ࡢරኈ 䥹ୖᡭ๓ᬒ࡟࡚䥺ኻ♩࡞ࡀࡽ䣍ࡇࡢ⪅ࡢゝ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣṇᙜ࡛ࡍ䣎
࣓ࣛ䤀 ㏦ࡾ㏉ࡍࡔ࡜㸽 ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕࡢ࡯࠺࡛࿧ࡧᐤࡏࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࠿䣎
䥹⯙ྎ⿬࡛ዪࡢྉࡧኌ䥺
ఱࡔ䣎
ࡇࡢ㝕୰࡛ࡣ䣍ຬᩒ࡞⪅ࡣࡳ࡞඗ᘵ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡉ࠶䣍ᥱᡭࡔ䣎
⪅࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍ࠿ࡽ䣍ࡇࡢ⏨ࡢ᐀ὴࡢㄝࡃ࡜ࡇࢁࢆ࿚ࢃࡎ࡟࠸ࡽࢀࡲࡏࢇࡀ䣍
ࡼ࠺࡟䣍௒ᮅࡢᡓ࠸࡟⮫ࢇ࡛࠾ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎⮬ศࡣṇ┿ṇ㖭ࡢ࢝ࢺࣜ䣹ࢡಙ
ࡇࡢ⏨䣍ࣝࢱ䤀ὴ࠿ᩍ఍ྰᐃㄽ⪅࠿▱ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡀ䣍Ọ㐲ࡢᩆ῭ࢆ㢪࠺⪅ࡢ
ࡃ ࡟
ࡓࡋࡀබᏊ࡛ࡋࡓࡽ䣍ᨾ㒓࡟㏦ࡾ㏉ࡋ࡚ࡸࡾࡓ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎
ࡓࡾ䣍ࡉࡉࡸ࠸ࡓࡾ䣍ᚸࡧ㊊ࢆࡋࡓࡾ䣍㝜ㅛࢆ௻࡚ࡓࡾࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࢃ
㝲㛗 㔠ࡢ㙐ࢆ╔ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿேࡓࡕ࡛ࡍ࠿䣎࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜ࢔ࡢࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࡢ
28
26
ࡦ࡜ࡾࡢරኈ 䥹ᤕࡽ࠼ࡓࢺࣝࢥዪࡢᡭࢆᘬ䣬ࡥࡾ࡞ࡀࡽ䥺㐪࠺࡜ゝ䣬ࡓࡽ
277
᪝ᡭ 䥹ᡭࢆᕪࡋࡢ࡭䥺ࡉ࠶䣎
➨஧ᖥ
23
ⓚᖇ㌷ࡢ㝕Ⴀ ࡢ✵ࡁᆅ䣎ᚋᬒ࡟ኳᖥ䣎
278
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ
䣹ࢺ㖠රࡀⓎᑕࡋࡲࡍ䣎࡜ࡇࢁࡀᧁࡓࢀࡓࡢࡣྠ㒓ࡢ⪅࡛ࡋࡓ䣎ᬯ㜌࡟ᝨ
ࢃࡉࢀ࡚䣍ᛶᛴ࡞ᙎ୸ࡀᩛ࿡᪉ࢆ㛫㐪࠼࡚ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡸࡀ࡚඲㌷ࡀ
㏨㉮ࡋ䣍㜿㰯ྉႏ䣍ẅᡘ䣍ᛣྕ䣎࠶䣬࡜࠸࠺㛫࡟ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣᛀࢀࡽࢀ࡚ࡋ
㝲㛗 䥹኱ࡲࡓ࡛࠺ࡋࢁྥࡁ࡟Ṍ࠸࡚Ⓩሙ䣎యࡢ๓࡟▷࠸▩ࢆỈᖹ࡟ᵓ࠼࡚
ᑡேᩘ࡛ฟⓎࡋࡲࡋࡓ䣎⬥┠ࡶࡩࡽࡎ䣍ࡓࡔࡓࡔࢃࡀ㌟ࡢᏳ඲ࢆồࡵ䣍ࡇ
ࡓ䣎୕ᗘ䣍ᩛࡢ⊛ᨷࡀ࠶䣬࡚䣍኱ໃࡢ⪅ࡀࢃࡀ㌟ࢆ≛≅࡟ࡋ࡚࠿ࡽ䣍ࡇࡢ
࠸ࡿ䥺ᡠࢀ࡜ゝ䣬࡚ࡿࢇࡔ䣎ྛ⮬䣍⮬ศࡢᣢࡕሙ࡟ᡠࢀ䣎ࡁࡉࡲࡽර㝲ࡔ
ࡢ㔝Ⴀᆅࡵࡀࡅ࡚ఱ࡜࠿ࡓ࡝ࡾ╔࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎௒ࡇࡇ࡟᮶࡚䣍ࢺࣝࢥேࡀ
ࡲ䣬ࡓࡢ࡛䣍⾜ࡃࡶṆࡲࡿࡶࢃࢀࢃࢀ⮬㌟ḟ➨࡛ࡋࡓࡀ䣍Ṇࡲ䣬࡚࠸ࡲࡋ
ࢁ࠺䣎ᩛ๓㏨ஸࡍࡿẼ࠿䣎
ࢃࢀࢃࢀࢆ᥈ࡋฟࡑ࠺ࡶࡢ࡞ࡽ䣍ࡸࡘࡽࡢᖐࡾ㐨ࢆ⾑࡛࡝ࡍ㯮ࡃሬࡾࡓࡃ
ࡑ࠺ࡍࢀࡤⓙ䣍ᚑ࠺ࡢ
䢣
኱బ࡝ࡢ䣍㝕୰࡛⿬ษࡾ࡜ེ஘ࡀ㉳ࡇࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎ࡇ࠸ࡘ࡜ࡇ࠸ࡘ
䥹࣓ࣛ䤀኱బ䣍Ⓩሙ䥺
㝲㛗 ࡍࡿ࡜ࡇࡇ࡟࠸ࡿࡢࡣ཯㏫⪅࡞ࡢࡔ࡞䣎
ࡲࡎᣦ᥹ᐁࢆ䣎
ࡏࢇ䣎࡜ࡶ࠿ࡃᣦ᥹ᐁࡣ࡝࡞ࡓ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎
䢣
㒊㝲ࡢᩘே ࡑ࠺࡛ࡍ࡜ࡶ䣎
࡛ࡍ䣎
䢣
䣬࡚ࡸࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࡋ࠿ࡋ䣍ࡇ䣬ࡕ࠿ࡽࡸࡘࡽࢆ᥈ࡑ࠺࡞ࢇ࡚Ẽࡣẟ㢌࠶ࡾࡲ
䥹୍ᅋࡢරኈ䣍㝲㛗࡜ྠࡌഃ࠿ࡽⓏሙ䣎ࡑࡢ୰࡟᪝ᡭࡀ࠸ࡿ䥺
᪝ᡭ ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡀ㏨ஸࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠾䣬ࡋ䣭ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ࠿䣎࡞ࡽࡤ⏽ࡲ䣬࡚⏦ࡋ
࠶ࡆࡲࡍࡀ䣍ᩛࡀ࡝ࡇ࡟࠸ࡿࡢ࠿䣍๓᪉࡞ࡢ࠿ᚋ᪉࡞ࡢ࠿䣍ࡇࢀࢆࡲࡎ࠾
ᩍ࠼ࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎ᡓኈ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ䣍ᩛࡀㄡ࠿ศ࠿䣬࡚࠸ࢀࡤᡓ࠸ࡲࡍࡀ䣍⛛
ࡼࡃࡶୗ൅ࡢࡁࡉࡲࡀᣦ᥹ᐁ࡟ㄝᩍࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿ࡞䣎
ᗎࡶ᝟ሗࡶ࿨௧ࡶ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ䣍ࢃࡀ㌟ࢆᏲࡿࡢࡀ㛵ࡢᒣ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍ࠿ࡽ䣎
㝲㛗
᪝ᡭ 㛶ୗࡀ༑ಸ㛶ୗ࡛䣍⮬ศࡀ஧༑ಸୗ൅࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡋ䣯࠺࡜ࡶ䣍㛶ୗࡀ㛫
㐪䣬࡚࠸ࢀࡤ䣍ୗ൅ࡀṇࡋ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣࣛ䤀ࣉᕝ ࡢሐ࡟㓄ഛࡉ
䥹ᚎࠎ࡟ேࠎࡀ㞟ࡲ䣬࡚࠾ࡾ䣍ࡍ࡛࡟࠿࡞ࡾࡢᩘ࡟࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䥺
࡚䣍ど㔝ࡢཬࡪ㝈ࡾ࡟࠾࠸࡚䣍࿘ᅖ࡟᥼ㆤࡢࡓࡵࡢ⾨රࡶာරࡶ࠸࡞࠿䣬
ࣝࢥேࡢࢧ䤀࣋ࣝࡢ㣵㣗࡟࡞䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࡀ䣍ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣᖹᆠ࡞ᆅᙧ࡟࠶䣬
ࡪࡿ࡯࠺ࡀࡼ࠸䣎ᑗ㌷ࡢ᝟ሗࡣ࠶ࡿ࠿䣎
ࡀពẼ㜼႙ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡟ࡣ䣍௒ࡢ࡜ࡇࢁࡣ᭹ᚑࡢᚭᗏࢆᅗࡿࡼࡾ┠ࢆࡘ
࣓ࣛ䤀 䥹ᑠኌ࡛䥺ᤞ࡚࠾ࡅ䣍௒ࡢ࡜ࡇࢁࡣ䣎ᩛࡣ᥋㏆ࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡾ䣍ࢃࡀ㌷
ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࡒ䣎ࡑࢀ࡛ࡶࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣᩍ఍ࢆ◓࡟ࡋ࡚㡹ᙉ࡟⢓ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎ࡑࡢ
ࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓ䣎ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢ࡯࠿࡟஬༑ே䣎ᙼࡽࡣࡇࡢ⾑࡞ࡲࡄࡉ࠸ኪ࡟ࢺ
24
㝲㛗
᫬䣍✺↛ጞࡲ䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎
䣓࢔ࣛ䤀䣍࢔ࣛ䤀䣔࡜ᗄ༓ࡢ㧨㠃ࡢཱྀࡀ䣍ࢃࢀ
࣓ࣛ䤀 ࡴࢁࢇࡔ䣎
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫබᏊ࡝ࡢࡢ㸽
ࢃࢀࡢ๓࠿ࡽ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ䣍ᚋࢁ࠿ࡽྉࡧฟࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࢻࢼ࢘ᕝࢆ䣍ࡶ࠺ࡦ
㺃
ࡲࢀࡿࡼ࠺㐍ゝࡋࡓ⪅ࡀ࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡋ䣍ࡲࡓ࠶ࡿ⪅ࡣ䣍࠾࠾⚄ࡼ䣍ࡶࡋẊୗ
䤀 ࣄ
㝲㛗 ࡤࡽࡤࡽ࡞შࡀ㣕ࡧ஺䣬࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎Ẋୗࡣΰ஘ࡢ┿䣬ྈ୰࡟࠾ࡽࢀ
ࣃ
࡜ࡘࡢᕝࡀ஺ᕪࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞㡢ࢆ㡪࠿ࡏ࡞ࡀࡽࢺࣝࢥࡢ㥽㤿ധරࡀ㤿࡟஌
ࡲࡋࡓ䣎Ẋୗࡀࢻࢼ࢘ᕝࡢྑᓊࢆࣁ࢖ࣥࣈࣝࢡ ࡸ࢘䣵䤀ࣥ࡟⾜ࡃ㐨ࢆ㐍
ࢫ
䣬࡚Ώ䣬࡚ࡁࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ᩆ࠸⤥࠼䣍࢖࢚ࢫ ࢟ࣜࢫࢺ㸟 ୍้ࡢ⊰ணࡶ࡞
࠸䣍࠶ࡓࡾࡣ⁽㯮ࡢ㜌䣎ࣃ࢝䣹䣍ࣃ࢝䣹䣍ࣃ࢝䣹䣍ࣃ࢝䣹䣍ⓚᖇ㌷ࡢ㥽ර
䣎Ẋୗ࡞ࡃࡋ࡚䣍ࡤࡽࡤࡽ࡟࡞䣬ࡓࡽ䣍ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣ࡝࠺
ࡀࢺࣝࢥර࡟
䢣
ࡀ㤿ࢆ㣕ࡤࡋ䣍௚ࡢ⪅ࢆ㏣࠸࠿ࡅࡿ䣎ࡀ䣍ᙼࡽࡶⓚᖇ㌷࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎࣐ࢫࢣ
25
‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
ࡉ࠸ࡲࡋࡓ䣎㝎ୗࡀ࠾チࡋࡃࡔࡉࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ䣍ᙼዪࢆᤞ࡚࡚䣍ࣂ࢖࢚ࣝࣥබ
ࡢፉ࡟ồ፧࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍ䣎
䥹ᩘே䣍㏥ሙ䥺
ࢆぢ࡚࠾࠸࡚ࡣ࡝࠺ࡔ䣎
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ 䥹ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ࡟䥺ࡑࡢ㛫࡟࠾ࡲ࠼࡟⏝ពࡋ࡚࠾࠸ࡓ㒊ᒇ
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࠶ࡢፉࡣ୙⣽ᕤࡔࡒ䣎
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ኱බ ⚄ࡢ๓࡟ฟࢀࡤ䣍ᚰࡣ⨾ࡋࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡍ䣎
䢣
࠸ࡓࡎࡽᆓ୺ࡣ࡝ࡇ࡟⾜䣬ࡓ䣎࡞ࡐ᮶࡞࠸ࡢࡔ䣎
ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ኱බࡢኌ 䥹㒊ᒇࡢእ࠿ࡽ䥺ࢭࢽ䣼䤀ࣝ㸟
ࡏࡴࡋ
⏽ ࢀ ࡞ ࡀ ࡽ 䣍 ♩ ᣏ ᇽ ࡢ ⪅ ࡓ ࡕ ࡀ ᑜ ࡡ࡚ ࠾ ࡾ ࡲ ࡍ 䣍 㝎 ୗ ࡣ ࠾ ໅ ࡵࢆ
࠶䣬ࡕ࡛ఱࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ 䥹ഭശࡢ┿ఝࢆࡋ࡚䥺Ṥ࡝
䥹ୗᡭࡢ⬥ᡬ࠿ࡽᚑ൅ࡀฟ࡚ࡃࡿ䥺
䢣䢣
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࠶࠶䣍ࡸࡘࡢኌࡔ䣎
ᡭࢆぢࡏ࡚ࡃࢀ䣎ࡇࢀࡣ⫗
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ኱බ ࠶ࡢேࡢᛶ᱁࡜⏕άែᗘ࡜ಙ௮ࡣࡲ䣬ࡍࡄ࡛ࡍ䣎
䢣
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡣ࡚ࡉ࡚䣍࠾ࡲ࠼࡟ࡣ㦫ࡃࡼ䣎
ࣝࣥࣉ
䢣
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ 䥹ࣅࣞ䣹ࢱࢆ⬺ࡂ䣍࣐ࣥࢺ࡜⾰⿦ࢆᩚ࠼࡚䥺୺ࡢ࠾໅ࡵࡣఱࡶ
ዪᏊ౪
࡞ࡢ࠿䣎⏕ࡁࡓᮏ≀ࡢே㛫ࡢ⫗࡞ࡢ࠿䣎ࡑࢀ࡟ࡇࡢ㟷࠸⾑⟶࡟ࡣ⾑ࡀὶࢀ
䢣
ࡶ࠿ࡲࢃࡎ஧୓ࡶࡢே㛫ࢆᐮ࠸⛅ࡢኪ࡟䣍෾࠼ࡉࡏ࡚䣍ࡦࡶࡌ࠸ᛮ࠸ࢆࡉ
ࡢ࡟ࡶඃඛࡍࡿ䣎
䥹ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ኱බ࡟䥺࠾ࡲ࠼ࡶࡼࡅࢀࡤ䣎
䥹௚ࡢ⪅
࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿䣎⮬ศࡀះ࠸ឡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡜ࡣูࡢዪ࡟ồ፧ࡍࡿࡋ
ࡏࡿ࡜ࡣ䣎ࡒ䣬࡜ࡉࡏࡽࢀࡿࢃ䣎ࡇࡇ࡟ࡣே㛫ࡣ࠾ࡽࢇࡢ࠿䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡣே
ࡓࡕ࡟䥺⏚ࡀ᮶ࡓࡽ䣍࠶࡜࡟⥆ࡃࡼ࠺࡟⏦ࡏ䣎
䥹ᡬ࠿ࡽໃ࠸ࡼࡃධ䣬࡚ࡁ࡚䥺఑∗ୖࡉࡲ䣎䥹ࡍ࡛࡟ᩚ
ิࡋ࡚࠸ࡿேࠎࢆぢ࡚䣍ࣁ䣹࡜ࡋ䣍ࣅࣞ䣹ࢱࢆ⬺ࡄ䥺
ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ኱බ
㛫࡜࡜ࡶ࡟࠸ࡓ࠸䣎ⓙࡢ⪅䣍ධࢀ䣎䥹᮫࡛ᗋࢆ྇ࡃ䣎ᘐ⮧ࡓࡕ䣍ᡠ䣬࡚ࡃ
ࡿ䥺Ꮚ౪ࡢࡇࢁࡀࡲࡓᡠ䣬࡚ࡁࡓ䣎࡞࡟ࡋࢁᗃ㟋ࢆಙࡌ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࢁࡢࡼ࠺
࡟䣍ࡒࡃ䣬࡜ࡃࡿࡢࡔ࠿ࡽ࡞䣎䥹ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ኱බ࡟䥺ࡲࡔࡇࡢࣉࣛ
ࣁ࡟ᅾࡍࡿࡢ࠿䣎ࡶ࠺㒓㔛࡟ᡠࡽࡡࡤ࡞ࡽࡠ⏝ࡣ࠶ࡿࡢ࠿䣎
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡉ࠶䣍⮬ศࡢ఩⨨࡟䣎
ࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀ䣍
䥹ᛌά࡟䥺ᘵࢆ㝎ୗ࡟࠾ᘬࡁྜࢃࡏ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍ䣎
ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ኱බࡢ⫪ࢆࡓࡓࡃ䣎ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ䣍᣺ࡾྥࡁ䣍ࡉ䣬࡜ⓚᖇࡢ
䥹⾜ิࡀືࡁฟࡍ䣎୧኱බࡣⓚᖇࡢࡍࡄ┠ࡢ๓䣎ᩘṌṌ࠸ࡓࡢࡕ䣍ⓚᖇࡣ
䥹ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ኱බࡢྜᅗ࡛ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺࡣᙼࡢᶓ࡟ࡘࡃ䥺
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡛ࡣࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺࡀ᮶࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿䣎࡝ࡇࡔ䣍࡝ࡇ࡟࠸ࡿ䣎
ᡭ࡟᥋࿀ࡍࡿ䣎ⓚᖇࡣ᝟ឡ῝ࡃ⬣ࡍࡼ࠺࡟䣍㯲ࢀ䣍࡜┠㓄ࡏࡋ䣍࡜ࡶ࡟㐍
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ኱බ ฟ❧ࡍࡿ๓࡟䣍࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ㄪᩚࡋ࡚࠾࠿ࡡࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸
ࣝࣥࣉ 㝎ୗࡀ࠾ồࡵ࡟࡞ࡾ䣍ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࡀㄪᩍࡋࡓࢺࣝࢥࡢ㤿ࢆ୰
ࢇ࡛ࡺࡃ䣎௚ࡢ⪅ࡓࡕࡶ஧ิ࡟୪ࢇ࡛࠶࡜࡟⥆ࡃ䥺
ᗞ࡛஌ࡾᅇࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ฟ❆ࡀ๭ࢀࢇࡤ࠿ࡾ࡟䣍ⓙ䣍Ḽኌࢆ࠶ࡆ࡚࠾ࡾ
䥹ᖥࡀ㝆ࡾࡿ䥺
ࡲࡍ䣎
ࡸࡘ࡟఍࠸ࡓ࠸䣍ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ࡟䣎࡝ࡇࡔ䣎㐃ࢀ࡚ࡲ࠸ࢀ䣎
ࡁ䣬࡜ዪࡢ࡯࠺ࡶࡑ࠺࡞ࡢࡔࢁ࠺䣎ࡑ࠺࠸࠺შࡔ䣎ࡓࡔࡋ䣍ே㛫࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿ䣎
㟷஧ᡯࡵ䣎㓇࡜㐟ࡧ࡜࠺ࡲ࠸ࡶࡢ࡟ࡣ⬥┠ࡶࡩࡽࡎ✺㐍ࡋ࡚ࡺࡃࡢࡔ࡞䣎
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ⓙ䣍Ḽኌࢆ࠶ࡆ࡚࠸ࡿ㸽 ஌ࡾᅇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡔ࡜㸽 ࢃࡀࡲࡲ࡞
279
䢣
࡝࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡞ࡢࡔ䣎
ᘵࡢ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫࡢヰࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࡞䣎࡝࠺ࡸࡽ
ࡦ࡜ࡘ䣍┠ㄽぢࡀ࠶ࡿࡼ࠺ࡔ࡞䣎࡛䣍ఱࡀᮃࡳࡔ䣎࡞ࡐᘵࡣὶㅷᆅࡢࣜࣥ
࠶ࢁ࠺࠾࠿ࡓࡀ⫼ᩍ⪅ࡢ௦ᘚࢆ࡞ࡉࡿࡢࢆ⪺࠿ࡠࡓࡵ䣎
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ኱බ ㄡࡀ࡛ࡍ࡜䣎ࢃࡓࡋ࡛ࡍ䣎
࠺࠿䣎
ᬯ࠸ࡈ᫬ୡ࡟ㄡࡀ䣍ΰ஘ࡋࡁ䣬ࡓ⤖ࡧ┠ࢆ୍Ẽ࡟࡯࡝ࡇ࠺࡞࡝࡜ࡍࡿࡔࢁ
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ௦ᘚࡍࡿ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡀ㸽 ෕ㄯࢆゝ࠸ࡓ࠸ࡢ࠿䣎ࡔࡀ࡞࠶䣍ࡇࡢ
ࢶࢆ㞳ࢀࡓࡢࡔ䣎
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ኱බ ࡑࢀࡀ⾜ືࡋࡓ࠸࡜࠸࠺㢪ᮃࡔ࡜ࡋࡲࡋࡓࡽ㸽
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ⾜ືࡔ࡜㸽 ࡸࡘࡀ⾜ືⓗே㛫ࡔࢁ࠺࠿䣎㤿࡟஌䣬ࡓࡾ䣍㉮䣬
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ゝ࠺ࡣ᫆ࡋࡔ䣎
ࡓࡔ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣࡑࢀࢆ▱䣬࡚࠾ࡾ䣍ᘵࡣ▱ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢࡔ䣎
ࡶࢩ䣻ࢱ࢖ࣖ䤀࡜ࢡࣛ࢖ࣥ࡜ࢣࣝࣥࢸࣥ ࡛␗➃ࡢⱆࢆ᦬ࡳྲྀࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ኱බ ゝ࠺ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎ࡸ䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜
ࡏࡵ࡚䣍ᫍࡢ⬣ጾ࡛࡞ࡃ䣍㌟㏆࡞⪅࡜ࡦࡑ࠿࡟ㅛ䣬࡚
ࡓࡾ䣍๢⾡ࢆࡸ䣬ࡓࡾࡣࡍࡿ䣎ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡩࡓࡾࡣ∗࠿ࡽ⾜ືຊࢆཷࡅ⥅ࡀ
䢣
࡞࠿䣬ࡓࡢࡔ䣎
࡛䣍ࡑࡢ࡯࠿ࡣ㸽
ಟ᚟ྍ⬟࡞⛬ᗘ࡟ࡸࡘࢆ㞳ࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࡢ
࠸ࡿ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢ┠ㄽぢࡀࢃࡓࡋ࡟୙ಙឤࢆ୚࠼࡚ࡁࡓࡋ䣍௒ࡶ୚࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࡜
䢣
࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣศ࠿ࡽࡏ࡚ࡸࢁ࠺䣎
ࡀ㈼᫂࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࡀ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡣ㏆࡙ࡅࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ䣎࡛䣍ᘵࢆ࡝࠺ࡋ
㡿୺࿨௧࡜ࡋ࡚䣍ࡓࡔࡢ୍᪥࡟ࡋ࡚⣙භ୓ேࢆᨵ᐀ࡉࡏ䣍஧୓ேࢆ༶้䣍
ᅜእ࡟㏥ཤࡉࡏࡲࡋࡓ䣎
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࢃࡓࡋࡢチࡋࡶᚓࡎ࡟࠿䣎
ࢁ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡔ䣎
䢣
⟅࠸ࡓࡔࡅ࡞࠿䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ኱බ Ẋ䣍ఱᗘࡶ኱ᛴࡂ࡛᭩≧ࢆࡋࡓࡓࡵࡲࡋࡓࡀ䣍ࡈᅇ
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ኱බ ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ࡝ࡢࡢᮃࡳࡣ
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࠺ࡴ䣎
☜࠿࡟ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ᭩㢮ࡀࡼࡃᩓ㐓ࡍࡿࡢ࡛࡞䣎
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ 䥹ᮘ࡟஌䣬࡚࠸ࡿ᭩㢮ࢆḟࠎ࡟ࡵࡃ䣬࡚㡰␒ࢆ⁛ⲔⱞⲔ࡟ࡍࡿ䥺
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ኱බ ࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⤫ᖊᶒ࡛ࡍ䣎
22
280
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ኱බ ࡑࡇ࡛ࢃࡓࡋࡣ᱌ࡎࡿࡼࡾ⏘ࡴࡀ᫆ࡋ࡛䣍⾜ືࢆ㉳
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡝ࡢᡓ࠸࡟ࡸࡘࡀ຾฼ࡋࡓࡢ࠿䣎຾฼ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࠿䣎ࡋ
ࡇࡋࡲࡋࡓ䣎ࢃࡀᡤ㡿ࡣ⣧⾑࡛ࡍ䣎㝎ୗࡢᚚᩱᆅࡶࡉࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࢀࡤ࡜ᛮ࠸
࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ኱බ Ẋ䣍ⱞ㞴࡜ⱞᝎࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚⚄ࡣࢃࢀࢃࢀࢆ⫱࡚ୖࡆ⤥
ࡣࡶ࠺ᐮ࠸ࡢ࡟䣎
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡛䣍஧୓ேࡀ༶้䣍ᅜእ㏥ཤࡋࡓࡔ࡜䣎ዪᏊ౪ࡶྵࡵ࡚࠿㸽 ኪ
ࡲࡍ䣎
࠿ࡶ࠿ࡢᆅ࡟ࡣ࣐ࣥࢫࣇ䣷ࣝࢺ ࡜࠸࠺Ṕᡓࡢຬኈࡀ࠾ࡾ䣍㐍ࢇ࡛ᘵ࡟⥲
ࣇ 䣷 ࣝ ࢹ 䣵 ࢼࣥ ࢺ ኱ බ
ࡇࡢ᫬࡟࠿䣎
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡑࢀࡶ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡀࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࡢࢨࢡࢭࣥ౳ࡢፉ࡟ồ፧ࡍࡿ
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ኱බ ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜ࢔ࡢ㡿⿇࡟ࡋ࡚ࢻ࢖ࢶࡢ୺ྩ䣍ⓚᖇ࡜ࡶ
࡝࠺ࡋࡓ䣎࡞ࡐ㞳ࢀࡿ䣎
䥹ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ኱බࡀ࠶࡜ࡎࡉࡿࡢ࡛䥺
࡞࠸ࡋ䣍࠿ࡢᆅࡀࡑ࠺ࡍࡿ࡟㐺ࡋࡓᅵᆅ࡛࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸䣎
ᡓኈࡸᣦ᥹ᐁࡶ኱ໃ࠸ࡿ䣎௒ࡣࡦ࡜ࡘࡢᩍ⩏ࡀ┿࡞ࡿ࠿ྰ࠿ࢆத࠺᫬࡛ࡶ
᪉ࡢ࡯࠺ࡀࡼ࠸࠿ࡽࡑࢀ࡟ᚑ࠼࡜࡞䣎ࡑࢀ࡟࠿ࡢᆅ࡟ࡣ䣍᪂ᩍ࡟ዲពⓗ࡞
㐵ࡿࡀࡼ࠸䣎ࡔࡀ䣍ࡸࡘ࡟ࡣ⾜ືࢆៅࡴࡼ࠺࡟࡜ゝ䣬࡚࠾ࡅ䣎ᑗ㌷ࡢ⪃࠼
ᣦ᥹ࡢᰤ㄃ࢆ୚࠼䣍ࡑ࠺ࡋ࡚࠾ࡢࢀࡢ⩏ົࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ᘵࢆ࠿ࡢᆅ࡟
21
⚄ࡣ ࢃ ࡓ ࡋ࡟ ࡑࡢឡ᝟ ࡟ᡴ ࡕ຾ ࡘຊࢆ ୚࠼࡚ ࡃࡔ
‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
࡭࡜࿨ࡌ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡢࡇ࡜࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎㝎ୗࡢᘵࡂࡳࡀࡓࡢ
࠺ࡶ࠶ࡍࡶ䣍ኳᆅ๰㐀ࡢ୍᪥┠࡜ྠᵝ࡟䣎࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽࡇࡑ䣍ᫍ࡟ࡶ▼࡟ࡶ
ࡢ⩌ࢀࡀ⨺㣫࠸࡟ᚑ࠺ࡼ࠺࡟䣍ᫍࡣᩍ࠼㏻ࡾ࡟⚄ࡢኌ࡟ᚑ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣍ࡁ䣯
ࡢࡦ࡜ࡾࡀ䣍༨ᫍ⾡ࡢ᛹ࡋࡆ࡞ணゝࢆ⏝࠸䣍⾑➽ࡢ㏆࠸࠿ࡓࡀࡓ࠿ࡽ༴㝤
ࢃࢀࡽࡣ⚝࡞ࡿ࠿࡞䣎ࡶࡋࡸ㝎ୗࡢᐑ୰ࢆ⁀ࡲࡾሙ࡜ࡋࡓ⭡㯮࠸ኳᩥ⾡ᖌ
࠺࡟㝎ୗࡢ㢠࡟㝆ࡾ࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎࠾࠾䣍ࡶࡋࡸ࠿ࡢშࡀࡲࡇ࡜࡞ࡽࡤ
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ኱බ ࡈࡽࢇ࡞ࡉࢀࡲࡏ䣎ྂ࠸୙ಙࡢᛕࡀࡲࡓࡶࡸ㟝ࡢࡼ
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ 䥹㢦ࢆࡑࡴࡅ࡚䥺ᤞ࡚࠾ࡅ䣎
ࡀ䣍ࢃࡓࡋ࡟ࡣྥᏛᚰࡀ୚࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡋ䣍ࡑࢀ࡟ࡶ࠺ࡦ࡜ࡘ䣍࡯࠿ࡢ⪅
ࡃ࡚ᡯ⬟ࡢ࡞࠸⏨ࡔ䣎≀஦ࡢዟ῝࠸୰ᚰࡣࢃࡓࡋ࡟ࡣ㛢ࡊࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡔ
࠿䣍࡜ᑜࡡࡽࢀࡓ࡞ࡽఱᗘ࡛ࡶ䣍࠸ࡸศ࠿ࡽࢇ䣍࡜⟅࠼ࡼ࠺䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡣᙅ
ࡢᮏ㉁࡞ࡿ⚄ࡢᚚཱྀࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࡃࡿ㧗ࡁ┿ᐇࡀ䣍ࢃࡓࡋ⮬㌟࡟ศ࠿䣬࡚࠸ࡿ
ࡢୡࢆ㏻䣬࡚ࡃࡿ┿ᐇࡢゝⴥࢆ▱ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶᐜ࡛᫆࠶ࢁ࠺䣎ࡋ࠿ࡋ䣍ࡇࡢୡ
ࢆᣢ䣬࡚䣍ᚰ㟼࠿࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ࡛ࡁࡿ⪅࡞ࡽࡤ䣍⚄ࡢᚚཱྀ࠿ࡽฟ࡚ࡇ
ࡀ㏕䣬࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ゝ䣬࡚䣍㝎ୗࡢ࠾ᚰࢆ㝎ୗࡢẼ㧗࠸ࡈ୍ᐙ࠿ࡽࡑࡴࡅࡉࡏ
࡟ࡣຊࡀ࠶ࡾ䣍⮬ศ࡟ࡣ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⏽ᩗࡢᛕࡶᤵࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸
ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡜ྠࡌࡃ䣍ᩍ࠼㏻ࡾᩗ⹥࡛䣍ᡃḧࢆᢚ࠼䣍ὀព῝ࡃㅬ⹫࡞⪥
᳜≀࡟ࡶື≀࡟ࡶᶞᮌ࡟ࡶ┿ᐇࡣᏑᅾࡍࡿࡀ䣍ே㛫ࡢ୰࡟┿ᐇࡣ࡞࠸ࡢࡔ䣎
ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍ䣎ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕḟ࡟᥍࠼ࡿ࠿ࡓࡀࡓ䣍Ẽ㧗࠸࣐䣹ࢡࢫ࡝ࡢ䣍㈼᫂࡞࢔
ࣝࣈࣞࣄࢺ࡝ࡢ
䣍ࡑࢀ࡟୕ே┠ࡢ
䢣 ࠸࠼䣍⥅ᢎ㡰఩ࡀ➨୍఩ࡢ࠿ࡓ䣍
䢣
࡚ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓ࡜࠸࠺შࡀࡲࡇ࡜࡞ࡽࡤ䣎ࡶࡋᕥᵝ࡞ࡽࡤ䣍ࡑࡋ࡚㝎ୗࡀぢ࠿
ࡿ䣎
䢣
ࡅࡢࡓࡵ࡟┿ᐇࡢ฼┈ࢆ䣍ࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ⪅ࡢᖾ⚟ࢆᤞ࡚ࡽࢀࡓࡢ࡞ࡽࡤ䣍ࢃࢀ
ࡽࡣ⚝࡞ࡿ࠿࡞䣎
࢚ࢫ࣭ࣅ࢚ࣥ
ࡓࡔ௒䣍᥍࠼ࡢ㛫࡛ࢃࡓࡋࡀ៧࠸࡟‶ࡕ
20
ࡋ࠿ࡋᘵᏊ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ᖌ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࢆၥࢃࢀ࡞࠸࡞ࡽࡤ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣ᫂ࡿ࠸✵
㛫࡟␃ࡲࡾࡓ࠸ࡶࡢࡔ䣎⛛ᗎ࡜ゝ࠺ゝⴥࢆ▱䣬࡚࠸ࡿ࠿䣎࠶ࡢኳ㧗ࡃ࡟⛛
ᗎࡣఫࡳ䣍ࡑࡢᐙࡶ࠶ࡿ䣎ࡇࡢୗ⏺ࡢᆅ࡟ࡣ⹫ࡋ࠸㔝ᮃ࡜ΰ஘ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࡳ䣎
ࢃࡓࡋࡢ᫂ࡿ࠸ᫍࡓࡕࢆᚅࡕཷࡅࡿࡓࡵ࡟䣍ࢃࡓࡋ࡟ሪࡢୖ࡛ኪࡢぢᙇ
ࡿ࡯࡝࠶ࡢ⾡ࢆᏑࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿䣎┦஫స⏝ࡸᅉᯝ㛵ಀ࡜࠸࠺⌧ᐇࡢỌ㐲࡞
ࡾࢆࡉࡏ࡚ࡶࡽ࠼ࡿ࡞ࡽ䣍ᫍࡓࡕࡢ㈼࠸║ᕪࡋ࡟⪺ࡁ⪥ࢆ❧࡚ࡿࡒ䣎ࡑࡢ
ࡉ ࡼ࠺ ࡟ ↓ ୗ ࡟ ౲
ࡿ 㐃 㙐࡟ ⧅ࡀࡽ ࡞ ࠸ࡶ ࡢࡀࡇ ࡢୡ࡟ ◁୍⢏ ࡓࡾ࡜ ࡶᏑᅾࡍ ࡿ࡜࡛ ࡶᛮ࠺
║ᕪࡋࢆࡋ࡚ ᫍࡓࡕࡣ୺ࡢ⋢ᗙࡢ࿘ࡾ࡟ ౝ䣬࡚ ࠸ࡿ ࡢࡔ࠿ࡽ࡞䣎
࠶ ࢀࢆ ⾡ ࡜ ゝ 䣬 ࡚ ࡳ ࡿ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ࡔ ࡀ
ࡢ࠿䣎࠶ࡢᫍࡢ᫂࠿ࡾࡀ䣍ኪࡢ㓉䣬ᡶ࠸ࡢஒ㣗࡟㐨ࢆ↷ࡽࡋ࡚ࡸࡿᏳ≀ࡢ
䥹ᚎࠎ࡟ኌࡀᑠࡉࡃ࡞䣬࡚ࡺࡃ䥺௒䣍୺ࡀ୺ࡢ᫬ࢆ้ࡴ᫬ィࢆື࠿ࡋ䣍᫬
ᫍࡣ⚄ࡀ᭱ึ࡟๰ࡾ⤥࠺ࡓࡶࡢ࡛䣍ࡑࡢ୰࡟⚄ࡣኳᆅ๰㐀ࡢᵓ᝿ࢆ᭩ࡁグ
ࡢ㚝ࡀ㬆ࡿࡓࡧ࡟䣍ኳୖࡶᆅୖࡶࡑࢀࢆ๓࡟ࡋ࡚ࡣ➼ࡋ࠸ࡶࡢ࡜࡞ࡿỌ㐲
ࡍࡿ࡜୙ྜྷ࡞ᫍࡀ
䢣
ࡼࡇࡋࡲ࡞㢪ᮃࡀ
ࡀ䣍᪂፧ࡢᗋ࡟
䢣 ୡ⏺ᵓ㐀ࡢຊࡀᛴ࠸࡛⾜䢣
ࡃ
ගࡢᬒẼࡢ୰࡛
䢣 ⤖
䢣䢣 䥹ࡺ䣬ࡃࡾ㯲
䢣
ࡉࢀࡓ䣎ࡑࡢ᫬ࡣ䣍ᫍࡓࡕ࡜⚄ࡢࡳࡀ࢝࢜ࢫࡢୡ⏺࡟࠶䣬ࡓࡢࡔ䣎ࡢࡕ࡟
ࡾ㎸ࡴ䣎㢌ࡀ⬚࡟ᆶࢀࡿ䣎㛫䣎ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ኱බ䣍Ẽ㐵䣬࡚䣍ⓚᖇ࡟
䢣
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ 䥹ࡉ䣬࡜❧ࡕୖࡀ䣬࡚䥺ㄡ࠿࠸ࡿࡢ࠿䣎
ྜࡋ࡚
࡞䣬࡚ே㛫ࢆ⨨࠿ࢀ࡚䣍ࡇࡢ⿕㐀≀ࡀ࠾Ẽ࡟ྊࡉࢀ࡞࠿䣬ࡓ࡞ࡽࡤ䣍࠿ࡢ
୍Ṍ㏆࡙ࡃ䥺
ேࡣ࡞࠿䣬ࡓࡔࢁ࠺䣎ே㛫ࡣ⚄࠿ࡽ㞳཯ࡋࡓࡀ䣍ᫍࡣ㞳཯ࡋ࡞࠿䣬ࡓ䣎⨺
࠶࠶ࡑ࠺࠿䣎
䢣
ኪ㜌ࡢ᫂ࡿ࠸౑⪅ࡓࡿᫍࡢ࡯࠿࡟䣍⚄ࡀࡇࡢୡࢆ἞ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡢド
ࢃࡓࡋࡣ⚄ࢆಙࡌࡿࡀ䣍ᫍࡣಙࡌ࡞࠸䣎ࡔࡀ䣍ᫍࡶ⚄࡟⏤᮶ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡔ䣎
䢣
⾀⇵ࡔ࡜࡛ࡶゝ࠺ࡢ࠿䣎
ࡣ ࠶ ࡢ ⾡ࢆ
䢣
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ 䥹࢟䣹࡜࡞䣬࡚䥺ぢ࠿ࡅ䣍ぢ࠿ࡅࡢࡓࡵࡔ࡜㸽 ࡞ࡽࡤ࠾ࡲ࠼
281
኱୔ኵࡔ䣎ࡼࡃ᮶࡚ࡃࢀࡓ䣎
࠿ࡽ㉢⨥ࡏࡿ࢝ࣝࢺ䣶ࢪ࢜ಟ㐨఍ኈ࡜ぢ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ⏨ࡔ 䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡣᙅ
ࡃ䣍ᡯ⬟ࡶ࡞࠸⏨ࡔ䣎࡛ࡁࡿࡣࡎࡶ࡞࠸䣎
ಙ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎ࡲࡎ࠾ᮃࡳ࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡍ䣎ࡍࢀࡤ䣍♳ࡾࡀ⪺ࡁᒆࡅࡽࢀࡿ
せ࡜ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࡑࡋ࡚㝎ୗࡇࡑࡀࡑࡢ་⪅࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ 䥹⭜᥃ࡅ࡚䥺ࡼ࠸࠿䣍ࢃࢀࡽࡣࡇࡢᐑᇛ࡛ࡌ䣬࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡼ࠺䣎
᫬௦ࡔ䣍᫬௦ࡀኚ
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡀ἞⒪ࢆᚲせ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓ࠸ࡋࡓ་⪅ࡔ䣎ࡋ࠿ࡶ䣍Ꮩ
⊂ࡔ䣎
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ኱බ 㝎ୗࡣᏙ⊂࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ࠿䣎ᖌ໶࡟ㄝᩍࡍࡿᘵᏊࢆ࠾チ
ࡋࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎㝎ୗࡢ࿘ࡾ࡟ࡣࡦ࡜ࡘࡢୡ⏺ࡢே㛫ࡀ༙ศ㞟ࡲ䣬࡚࠾ࡾ䣍ᙼ
࿘ࡾࡢࡍ࡭࡚ࡢྩ୺ᅜࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡼ䣎࡝ࡇ࡟௒࡞࠾∗
♽௦ࠎࡢ㢼⩦ࡸ䣍Ẽ㧗࠸▱ぢࡸ䣍㧗ᗘ࡞ⱁ⾡࡟ᑐࡍࡿᩗពࡀぢࡽࢀࡼ࠺ࡒ䣎
ࡽࡣ௒࡞࠾⮬ศࡓࡕࡢ⚄࡜䣍⚄ࡢఝጼ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍㐲ࡁྂ࠿ࡽఏࢃࡿ⋢ᗙ࡟ࡲ
ఱࡶㄆࡵ࡞࠸࢚ࢦ࢖ࢬ࣒ࡔ䣎ࡔ࠿ࡽࡇࡑࢃࡓࡋࡣ࠶ࡢⱝ㐀ࢆྏࡾ䣍⨩ࡍࡿ䣎
ࡵࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢ䣎ࡑ࠺࡜ࡶ䣍⮬ᝮࢀ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎⮬ศࡢᡭࢆ౑䣬ࡓ௙஦ࡢ࡯࠿ࡣ
ࡀಙ௮ࢆίࡵࡿ⾜Ⅽࡔ࡜࠿䣎ఱࡓࡿࡇ࡜䣎ಙ௮ࡑࡢࡶࡢࡣΎ࠸ᚰࡢ୰࡛Ύ
ᩛࡣ䣍ᩘࡣᑡ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀ䣍ࡉ࠿ࢇ࡟⾜ືࡍࡿ࠿ࡽಸࡶవィ࡟࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟
ᩘࢆᩘ࠼࡚ࡈࡽࢇࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎ࡍࡿ࡜༑ಸࡶⓒಸࡶᩛࢆୖᅇ䣬࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎
ᩍࡢᩍ࠼࡟ㄏᝨࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡔࡅࡢ☜ᅛࡓࡿຊࢆᣢ䣬࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎㝎ୗࡢẸࡢ
ࣟ䤀࣐ᩍⓚࡶ࢖ࢱࣜ࢔ࡶࣇࣛࣥࢫࡶ䣍㝎ୗࡈ⮬㌟ࡢᚚᩱᆅྠᵝ䣍࠸ࡲࡔ㑧
ࡋࡲࡍࡈ㡿୺ࡓࡿ㝎ୗ࡟ᛅㄔࢆㄋ䣬࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎㝎ୗࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࢫ࣌࢖ࣥࡶ
ࡔࡀ䣍ࡸࡘࡀࡇࡢㄪᏊ࡛ࡸ䣬࡚⾜ࡅࡤ䣍ࡌࡁ࡟㌟ࡀᣢࡓ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿ䣎ࡓࡔࡋ䣍
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ⭎ࡣከ࠸ࡀ䣍ࡑࡢ㢌ࡣ࡝ࡇ࡟࠶ࡿ䣎
ࣇ 䣷 ࣝ ࢹ 䣵 ࢼࣥ ࢺ ኱ බ
▱ ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ ࡶ ᝟ ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ ࡶ ㄡ ࡦ ࡜ ࡾ ཬࡪ ⪅ ࡢ ࡞ ࠸
㝎ୗࡈ⮬㌟࡛ࡍ䣎ࡉࡽ࡟⚄⮬ࡽࡀ㝎ୗ࡟༠ຊ⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ᤵࡅࡽࢀࡓ䣍㝎ୗࡢ
ࡈᐙ୰ࡢẼ㧗࠸⋤౳ࡢ㠃ࠎ䣎
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࠾ࡲ࠼⮬㌟ࡢࡇ࡜࠿䣎
஧ᗘ࡜Ᏻᜥࡀ୚࠼ࡽࢀࡲࡏࢇࡼ࠺࡟䣎ࢃࡀᖺ㱋ࡣࢃࡓࡋ࡟䣍ᩍ࠼ࡿࡼࡾᏛ
ࢫࢺࡢᰤගࡢ࡯࠿࡟ࡉࡽ࡞ࡿ┠ㄽぢࢆᢪ࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶䣬ࡓ࡞ࡽ䣍ࢃࡓࡋ࡟
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ኱බ ࢃࡀᚰࡀ࠿ࡘ࡚࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜ࢔ࡢ⦾ᰤ࡜࢖࢚ࢫ࣭࢟ࣜ
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ఑∗ࡢ࢝䤀ࣝ஬ୡ࡟ࡉ࠼࡛ࡁ࡞࠿䣬ࡓࡇ࡜ࡔ䣎⪷ࣘࢫࢸಟ㐨㝔
ࡅࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎
ⱝ㐀࡟ᑐࡍࡿࡢ࡜ྠᵝ䣍☜ࡓࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡽࡏࡽࢀࡿ࡞ࡽ䣍᫬௦ࢆࡶᡭ࡞ࡎ
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ኱බ ࠾࡛ࡁ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍ࡜ࡶ䣎ࡋ࠿ࡶ㝎ୗࡢࡈពᛮࡀ࠶ࡢ
ࡸࡘࡣᢲࡉ࠼ࡘࡅ࡚ࡸࡿ䣎୺ࡼ䣍ຓࡅ⤥࠼䣎
ࡢ⬚ࡢ୰࡟᥈ࡋฟࡍ࡜࠸࠺ទࡋࡳࡔ䣎᫬௦ࢆᡭ࡞ࡎࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡀ䣍
࠺䣎࠿ࡃࡶࡶࡘࢀࡓୡࡢ୰ࡀࡸࡘ࡟ᤵࡅࡓኳ㑧㨣ࡢⱆࢆ䣍ᝏព࡟‶ࡕࡓ⪅
ࡶ䣬࡜ࡶ䣍᫬࡟ࡣࡦ࡝࠸ទࡋࡳࡶ࠶ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀࢇ䣎ࡸࡘ࡜᱁㜚ࡍࡿ࡜࠸
ぢ࠼ࡿࡔࡅ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎
ࡒࡢീࢆᘓ࡚䣍⮬ศࡢᡭ࡛స䣬ࡓഅീࢆᓫࡵࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠿䣬ࡓ࠿ 䣎ࡑࢀ
17
ࡼ࠸࠿䣍ࡸࡘࢆ࠿ࡃࡶṍࡵ࡚ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓࡶࡢࡀఱ࡞ࡢ࠿ࡶぢᴟࡵࡿࡢࡔࡒ䣎
18
Ẹࡣ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢ⚄ࢆ♭䣬ࡓ♫࠿ࡽࢲࣥ ࡢᒣୖ࡟⛣ఫࡋ䣍࠿ࡢᆅ࡛Ꮚ∵࡞
࠸ࡿࡔࡅ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎
䢣
ࡘࡣࡸࡣࡾ᫬௦ࡢᘵᏊ࡛࠶䣬࡚䣍᫬௦࡜࠸࠺ᖌ໶ࡢᩍ࠼ࡓࡇ࡜ࢆᐇ⾜ࡋ࡚
ࢃࡿࡢࡔ䣎࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡶ࡞䣍࠶ࡢⱝ㐀ࡀ࡝ࢇ࡞࡟Ⲩࢀ≬䣬࡚࠸ࡼ࠺࡜ࡶ䣍ࡸ
ࡾ䣍ࢃࢀࡽ࡟᪂᫬௦ࡢᜍࢁࡋ࠸㢦ࢆぢࡏࡘࡅࡿࡒ䣎
䢣
ࡼ࠺࡟䣍⚄ࡢࡈຍㆤࡀ㝎ୗࡢୖ࡟㝆ࡾ࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡋ䣯࠺䣎᫬௦ࡣ་⪅ࢆᚲ
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ኱බ ࠾࠾䣍㝎ୗࡢẼ㧗࠸ᚚ㌟࡜ᡯ⬟࡟ᑐࡍࡿఱ࡜࠸࠺୙
19
௒࡟䣍㔝༝࡞᪂ࡋ࠸᫬௦ࡀᗄⓒࡶࡢ⾨රࢆ✺ࡁ◚䣬࡚ࡇࡇࡲ࡛ᢲࡋධ
䢣
࠸㝎ୗࢆ⼃ࡴࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽ䣎䥹ⓚᖇࢆ⫰᥃᳔Ꮚ࡟㐃ࢀ࡚⾜ࡃ䥺
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ኱බ ⭜ࢆୗࢁࡉࢀࡲࡏ䣎ᛣࡾ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡣຊࡎࡃ࡛Ẽ㧗
282
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ
‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 Ẋ䣍࡝࠺࠿࡯ࢇࡢ୍᫬䣍ࡇࡢỿ㯲࡛ᚓࠎ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᩛព
࠶ࡿ࡯ࡢᬯ࠸ࡈẼศࢆ࠾ᤞ࡚࡟࡞䣬࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎ࡼࢁࡋ䣮࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ࠿䣍
ࡇࡢุỴࡀᩥ᭩࡟࡞ࡾ䣍⨫ྡࡉࢀ䣍ࣉࣛࣁᇛ࡟㏦ࡽࢀࡲࡍ࡜䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡢ཭
࠸⪅࡯࡝༴㝤࡞ᩛ࡞ࡢࡔ࡜࡞䣎ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡉࡼ࠺࡞㍮ࡣ䣍࠿ࡘ࡚ே㛫ࡢᜥᏊ
࢟ࣜࢫࢺࡢ๓࡟❧䣬ࡓᝏ㨱ࡢࡼ࠺࡟࠶ࡊࡅࡾ䣍཯ᢠࡍࡿࡢࡔ 䣎ࡑࢇ࡞➗
࠸᪉ࡣࡸࡵ࠸㸟
䢣 Ṋჾࢆฟࡏ䣎ࡇࡸࡘࢆᘬ䣬❧࡚࠸䢣
䣎
ఱࢆࡓࡵࡽ࠺䣎
䢣 䥹ୖᡭࡢ➃࡟❧
ఱࢆࡄࡎࡄࡎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎࡞ࡽࡤࢃࡓࡋࡀ⮬ࡽࡇࡢᡭ࡛
㝎ୗ䣍ఱࡓࡿࡇ࡜䣎࠸࠿ࡀ
࡞ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓ䣎ఱࡀ࠶䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎௒ࡢኌࡣ࡝࡞ࡓࡢ䣎
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ኱බ ࡇࡢ㤋࡟ᖾከ࠿ࢀ䣎
䢣
䥹ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ኱බ䣍ᡬࡢ࡜ࡇࢁ࡟⌧ࢀࡿ䥺
࠾ࡽࢇࡢ࠿䣎
ᖇ࡞ࡿࡒ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡣ࠾ࡢࡀ∳ᇛ࡛ᩛ࡟኎ࡽࢀࡓ࠿䣎Ᏺࡾຓࡅ࡚ࡃࢀࡿ⪅ࡣ
䥹▩ᵕ
ࡢ࡯࠺࡟ᡭࢆఙࡤࡑ࠺࡜ࡋ᮫࡚ࢆᨺࡍࡢ࡛䣍࠿ࡽࡔࡀࡼࢁࡅ࡚ಽࢀࡑ࠺࡟
ࡍࡿ࡞ࡽ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡶ୍⥴ࡔ䣎
཯㏫⪅࡟཭᝟ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎ࡑࢀ࡟䣍Ẋ䣍
䢣
ࡑࡢ⪅ࡣṚࡠࡢࡔ䢣
䣎
ࡑࡢ⪅ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡲࡔ࡞࠾᧦ㆤࡋࡼ࠺࡜
䢣 ࡄࢀ࠾䣬࡚䣎࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢࡸࡾ࠿ࡓࡣඛ้ᢎ
࡞ࡿ䣎࿘ᅖࡢ⪅䣍ᛴ࠸࡛㏆࡙ࡁ䣍ⓚᖇࡢ࠿ࡽࡔࢆᨭ࠼ࡿ䥺ࢃࡓࡋࡢ࠿ࡽࡔ
ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀
ಙ௮࡟㛵ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ⚄ࡢࡳࡀ⿢࠿ࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡑ࠺䣍⚄࡜࠾ࡲ࠼ࡔ䣎ࡑࡢ୧᪉ࡔࢁ࠺㸽 ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡣ⮬ศࡢᖌ໶
ࣝࢫࣦ䣸࣒ࣝࡣṚ
ࡀಙࡌࡓࡶࡢࢆಙࡌ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡼࡾ㈼࠸⪅䣍ၿⰋ࡞⪅࡟Ỵ᩿ࢆ௵ࡏࡿࡀࡼ࠸䣎
䢣
ࡑ࠺ࡍࢀࡤ࠾ࡲ࠼࡟ࡶ㐠ࡀᕠ䣬࡚ࡃࡿࡸࡶࡋࢀࢇ䣎
ࡠࡢࡔ䣎⚄࡟ឤㅰࡏࡼ䣎ࡲࡓ䣍஦᝟࡟㏻ࡌ䣍༝᛼࡞ẅேࢆ⛠㈶ࡋᢎㄆࡋ䣍
ࡿࡶࡢ࡞࡝࠶ࡿࡶࡢ࠿䣎ᝏ㨱ࡀ༓༉ᐤࡾ㞟ࡲ䣬࡚࡟ࡓ࡟ࡓ➗࠸࠿ࡅࡼ࠺࡜䣎
ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 䥹ᙼࢆᐋࡵࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࣝࣥࣉ࡟ྥ࠿䣬࡚䥺࠾ࢀࡀ៸
࣋ࣝࢪ䣼ࢪ䣼䤀ࢯࡢ୍௳࡛୙ἲ⾜Ⅽࢆാ࠸ࡓẅேᖝຓ⪅ࡓࡕࢆ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣ
䢣
ࡦ࡜ࡋ࡞ࡳ࡟ลࢆࡶ䣬࡚ồࡵ࡞࠸ࡀ䣍ࡇࡢឡ᝟ࡢྡṧࡾ࡟ឤㅰࡏࡼ䣎
᮶ࡓ࡜ᛮ࠸▱ࡽࡏ࡚ࡸࡿࡒ䣎ኻࡏࢁ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕࡶࡔ䣎
࡞ࡀࡽ䥺ⱝ㐀䣍ᾘ࠼ࢁ䣎ࡉࡶ࡞࠸࡜䣍ᝏ㨱ࢆ࿧ࡧฟࡋࡓࡽ䣍ᮏᙜ࡟ᝏ㨱ࡀ
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ኱බ 䥹ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀࡟ྥ࠿䣬࡚䣍ᡭࢆ๢࡟㍍ࡃ࠿ࡅ
࠾ࡲ࠼ࡀẼ㐪࠸ࡵ࠸࡚㏣࠸ᅇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿፉࡣᨺ䣬࡚ࡸࢀ䣎
ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀
ᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡢࡈࡃ㏆ぶࡢዪࡣࡑ࠺࡛ࡋࡓ䣎
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ኱බ 䥹ⓚᖇ࡟Ṍࡳᐤ䣬࡚䥺ⓚᖇ㝎ୗ࡝ࡢ䣎
࡞ ࡽ ࡤ ࠾ ࡲ ࠼ ࡣ ⮬ ศ ࡢẕ ぶࢆ ▱ 䣬
ࣉ࡟ᑟ࠿ࢀ࡚䣍 ᙼࡽࡢ୰ኸ࡟⾜ࡃ䣎඲ဨ䣍㏥ሙ䥺
䥹ࡑࡢሙ࡟ᒃྜࢃࡏࡓ⪅䣍ᚋᬒ࡟ୗࡀ䣬࡚⾜ࡃ䣎ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀䣍ࣝࣥ
ࡑ࠺ࡣࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣍Ẋ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡣḭ࠿ࢀࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽ䣎
䣬࡚࠸ࡿㆤ⾨࡟ྥ࠿䣬࡚䥺࠾࠸䣍࠾ࡲ࠼䣍▩ᵕࢆ㈚ࡏ䣎ࡑࢀ࡛
▱ࡔࡒ䣎ኪ࡞ኪ࡞䣍ࡣࡄࢀ⪅࡜኱㦁ࡂࡍࡿ୍᪉䣍ᐇ┤࡛࠾࡜࡞ࡋ࠸ẸࡢᏊ
࡟ᡭࢆ࠿ࡅࡿࡢ࠿䣎ེ㏫⪅࡝ࡶ䣎࣭ࣚࢯ࢖࣭࢚࣭࢚ࣝࣥ࣌ࣛࢻࣝ䣎వࡣⓚ
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ
ᘵ࡟ゝ࠸ࡀ࠿ࡾࢆࡘࡅࡿ࡜ࡣ䣍཯㏫⪅ࣝࢱ䤀ὴ࡟୚ࡍࡿ⾜Ⅽࡔ䣎
ࡀṚࡠࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎
15
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡑ࠺ᛮ࠺࠿㸽 ࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀䣍Ọ㐲ࡢᫍࠎࡀᅇࡾ⥆ࡅࡿ㝈ࡾ䣍⏨
ࡀዪࢆḭࡃࡢࡔ䣎
ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀
࠾ ࡲ࠼ ࡢ㏆ ぶ ࡢ ዪࡔ ࡜ 㸽
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ㄡࡔ䣎ఱࡸࡘ䣎ᅗࠎࡋ࠸䣎
࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿䣎ࡉࡽ࡟ࡣ࠾ࡲ࠼࡟࿨ࢆᤵࡅࡓ⏨ࢆ▱䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿䣎▱䣬࡚࠸
ࢺ࣭ࣇ䣸࣭ࣥࢢࣞ䤀ࢶ ࡛ࡍ䣎ఱ࡞ࡾ࡜ࡈ⏝ࢆ㈷ࡾࡲࡍ䣎
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ኱බ 㝎ୗࡢ⏚࡟ࡋ࡚ୗ൅࡟ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥ
ࡑ࠺࡞䣬ࡓ⪅ࡓࡕࡣᫍࢆぢ࡚ㄞࢇࡔࡶࡢࡔ䣍⮬ศ࡟㏆
ࡿ࡜ゝ䣬࡚ࡳࢁ䣎ゝ࠼䣎ࡍࢀࡤ䣍Ọ㐲࡟∼⊹ࡔࡒ䣎⚄ࡢ୚࠼⤥࠺᪥ࡢගࢆ
䢣
ぢࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࡞࠸
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ 䥹᥋ゐࢆ㑊ࡅ࡚㌟ࢆᘬࡁ࡞ࡀࡽ䥺࢚ࢫ࣭ࣅ࢚ࣥ䣎࢚ࢫ࣭ࣅ࢚ࣥ䣎
16
ࣝ䤀ࢻ ࣝࣇ
283
䥹ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡼࡾໃ࠸ࡼࡃ䥺ࣇ䣵ࣞࣥࢶ䣷ࡢၟ
14
ࢀ䣍ࢃࡓࡋ࡟ࡣぢẅࡋ࡟࡛ࡁ࡞࠸཭ࢆ䣍ᩆࢃࡎ࡟ࡣ࠸ࡽࢀ࡞࠸཭ࢆྲྀ䣬࡚
࠾ࡅࡲࡍࡼ࠺࠾㢪࠸࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍ䣍ዴఱ࡞ࡿᡭẁࢆ⏝࠸ࡲࡋ䣯࠺࡜ࡶ䣎
䥹ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ䣍ᑜࡡࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࣦ䣸ࣝࣇ࣭ࣝࣥࣉࢆぢࡘࡵࡿ䥺
䥹ⓚᖇ䣍᥈ࡋ≀ࢆࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟䣍ᮘࡢୖࡢ᭩㢮ࢆ୍ᯛ୍ᯛྲྀ䣬࡚ࡣ䣍ࡤࡽࡤ
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ఍࠾࠺䣎
ྲྀ䣬࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡍ䣎䥹ୖᡭࡢᡬࢆ㏻䣬࡚㏥ሙ䥺
ࢀ࡟ᘬࡁẚ࡭ࢀࡤ䣍ᙼࡀẅࡋࡓᩛ࡞࡝ዪࡸᆓ୺ࡢ㏣ᚑ⪅࡟ࡍࡂࡲࡏࢇ䣎ഇ
ࡓࡋࡲࡍ䣎ࡇࡢ⏨࡯࡝ຬᩒ࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥࡀᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡿ⪅ࡣࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡏࢇ䣎ࡑ
ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 㝎ୗ䣍ຬᩒ࡞⏨࡟ᜠ㉧ࢆୗࡉࡿࡇ࡜࡟࠶ࡽ࠿ࡌࡵឤㅰ࠸
ࡼࢁࡋࡅࢀࡤ
䢣
ุỴᩥ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ࠿䣎ࡈ⨫ྡ࠸ࡓࡔࡃࡓࡵ࡟ᐁᡣ࡟⨨࠸࡚ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎
㸽
ၿ⪅࡛࡞ࡽࡎ⪅࡛ࡍ䣎ࣝࢫࣦ䣸࣒ࣝࡀᛣࡾࡢ⅖ࡢ࠶ࡲࡾ䣍ࢃࢀࢆᛀࢀࡓ࡜
ࡾࡀ䣍㝎ୗ࡟ࡶࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀࡛஧༑ࡢᡓࡢ຾฼ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋࡓࡢࡔ࡜䣎
ࡍࢀࡤ䣍ࡇ࠺࠾⪃࠼࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸䣎௒䣍႖ვ┦ᡭࢆ࠺ࡕẅࡋࡓࡢ࡜ྠࡌᛣ
䥹ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀䣍᮶ࡿ䥺
䥹ࣝࣥࣉ䣍ᑒ༳ࡉࢀࡓໟࡳࢆᣢ䣬࡚ᡠ䣬࡚ࡃࡿ䥺
ఱࡓࡿࡇ࡜䣎
Ⰻ࠸᫬࡟࠸ࡽ䣬ࡋ䣭࠸ࡲࡋࡓ䣎ヨࡳࡽࢀࡲࡏ䣍㤳ᑿࡼࡃ⾜࠿ࢀࡲࡍ࠿
䢣
࠿ࡋࡇࡲࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎ࢫ࣌࢖ࣥ࠿ࡽࡢ㐵࠸ࡢ⪅ࣂ
ࡽ࡟ᨺࡿ䥺
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡓࢃࡅࡀ䣎
䥹ⓚᖇ䣍㤳ࢆᶓ࡟᣺ࡿ䥺
䥹ⓚᖇ䣍୙⯆ࡆ࡟᮫࡛ᗋࢆᡴࡕ㬆ࡽࡍ䥺
ࡶࡋࡸ䣍࠸ࡼ࠸ࡼሗ࿌ࢆ࠾⪺ࡁ࠸ࡓࡔࡅࡲࡏࢇ࡛
䢣
ࣝࢱࢧ࣭ࣝࢫࢽ࢞ࡀᣏㅜࢆ㢪࠸ฟ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎
ࣝࣥࣉ ࡜⏦ࡋࡲࡍ࡜㸽
䢣
ࣝࣥࣉ ࡓࡔ䣍㔠㢠ࡀ࡜ࢇ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡔࡑ࠺࡛䣎
ࡋ࡚䣍ࡲࡓ༙ࡤ୙ទᛌ࡞ฟ᮶஦ࡢࡓࡵ࡟䣍኱బࢆ᩾ࡾẅࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎
ࣝࣥࣉ ࡇࢀࡣ࣐࣭࣊ࣝࣥࣝࢫࣦ䣸࣒ࣝࡢ୍௳࡛ࡋ࡚䣍ᙼࡣ༙ࡤ⒯Ⓝࢆ㉳ࡇ
ࡿ⪅࡟ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎
ேࡀཧෆࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎᙮้ࢆ᪋ࡋࡓ࠶ࡾ࡜࠶ࡽࡺࡿ㧗౯࡞▼ࢆၟ䣬࡚࠸
ࡀࡸࢁ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ
䢣
ࣃ䤀ࣃࡣᩛ࡟ໟᅖࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ 䣎࠿ࡢᆅࡢ཯࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜ࢔ࡢ୙ᖹศᏊ
ࣝࣥࣉ ࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀࠿ࡽሗࡏࡀᒆ࠸࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࣛ䤀ࣉࡣゎᨺࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࡀ䣍
284
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ
ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 㝎ୗࡢᚚᡭ࡟ཱྀ࡙ࡅ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍ䣎
䥹ⓚᖇ࡟ࡑࡢᩥ᭩ࢆᕪࡋฟࡍࡀ䣍ⓚᖇ䣍ࡇࢀࢆ᧕ࡡࡘࡅࡿ䥺
ࣝࣥࣉ ุỴᩥ࡟ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎
䥹ⓚᖇ䣍ᙼࢆᛣࡾࡢ║ᕪࡋ࡛ぢࡘࡵࡿ䥺
ࡇࢀࡣࡋࡓࡾ
㝎ୗ࡟ࡣࡈᶵ᎘ࡼࢁࡋ࠿ࡽࡠࡼ࠺࡟࠾ぢཷࡅ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࡀ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣヰࡉ
࡟ࡼ䣬࡚ࡈ⿢Ỵ࡞ࡉࢀࡲࡏࢇ࠿䣎
ᢎ▱ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ࡜ࡶ䣎⾲㠃ⓗ࡞ᩥ᭩సᡂࡣࣉࣛࣁᪧᕷ⾤ࡢホ㆟఍࡜ཧᑂ
ࡢᗮ࡛࣐࣭࣊ࣝࣥࣝࢫࣦ䣸࣒ࣝࡣ᩾㤳ฮࢆゝ࠸Ώࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓ䣎ᙼࡣ㝎ୗࡢ
ဨᐄ࡚࡟ࡉࡏ࡚࠾࠿ࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ࡞䣎࡛ࡍࡀᐹࡋࡲࡍࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ䣍ุỴ࡟ᐇ㝿
㝎ୗ࡟ࡣ䣍⏽ࡃࡶ࠿ࡼ࠺࡟㔜኱࡞ᩥ᭩ࡣ䣍⮬ࡽࡢࡈពᛮ
ࡡࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎஦ࡣேࡦ࡜ࡾࡢ࿨䣍࠾ࡑࡽࡃࡑࢀ௨ୖࡢࡶࡢ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲ
䥹ⓚᖇ䣍ໟࡳࢆྲྀࡾ䣍࠶ࡊ➗࠺ࡼ࠺࡟ୖ᭩ࡁࢆㄞࡳ䣍㏉ࡍ䥺
䢣
ࡍ䣎㌷ἲ఍㆟ࡀ㛤࠿ࢀ䣍⮬ᕫ㜵⾨࡛ࡸࡴࢆ࠼ࡎ⾜䣬ࡓẅே࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡟䣍ࡑ
ᛅᐇࡇࡢୖ࡞࠸⮧ୗ࡛䣍ࢺࣝࢥ࡜ࡢ⃭㜚ࡢⱥ㞝࡛ࡋࡓ䣎࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽ࠾㢪࠸࡛
࡟ࡈ⨫ྡ࡞ࡉࢀࡤ
䢣
ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎ࡤ࠿ࡤ࠿ࡋࡃ䣍Ẽ㐪࠸ࡌࡳ࡚࠾ࡾ䣍⚄ࢆ⶜ࡍࡿࡇࡢุỴࢆ࡞
䥹ⓚᖇ䣍୙⯆ࡆ࡟᮫࡛ᗋࢆᡴࡕ㬆ࡽࡍ䥺
࡞ࡳ
ࡁࡶࡢ࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎㝎ୗ࡟ࡣ࠿ࡃࡶ㈗㔜࡞࿨ࢆྲྀ䣬࡚࠾࠿
‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
ࡿ䥺
䥹ⓚᖇ䣍஧ᯛ┠ࡢ⤮ࡢ๓࡟❧䣬࡚䣍ᢎㄆࡢྜᅗࢆ㏦ࡿ䣎ࡋࡤࡽࡃࡋ࡚࠿ࡽ
䢣
ὶㅷࡢᆅࣜࣥࢶ ࢆ࠶࡜࡟ࡋ࡚
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ 䥹ᮏ࠿ࡽ┠ࢆୖࡆ࡚䥺ࢯࣝࢸ䣵ࣁ࣭ࢹ࣭ࣝ࢜ࣝࣅࢻ
䢣 ࡩࡴࡩ
ࡴ䣎䣕ᛀ༷ࡢᣦ㍯䣖࠿䣎
䢣 ࠺ࡴ䣍ㄡࡢࡶࡢ࡟࡞ࡿࡢࡔ㸟
䢣 䥹ࡦࡊࡲࡎ࠸࡚䥺୺ྩ࡟ࡋ࡚ⓚᖇࡓࡿ㝎ୗ䣍
ࣝࣥࣉ࡟䣍ࡇࡢ⤮ࢆ㈙࠺䣍࡜┠㢦࡛ྜᅗࡍࡿ䣎ࡑࢀ࡜ྠ᫬࡟ྑᡭࡢᣦࢆ୕
ᮏୖࡆࡿ䥺
ࢃࡓࡃࡋࡵࡣேࡶ⩎ࡴࡍ࡭࡚ࡢᶒ฼䣍ࢃࡀᡤ᭷≀ࢆᨺᲠࡍࡿᡤᏑ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸
ࣝࣥࣉ ஧༓࡛ࡍ࡞㸽
ࡲࡍ䣎ᚰᏳࡽ࠿࡟Ṛࡡࡿሙᡤࢆ࠸ࡓࡔࡅࢀࡤ䣍ࡑࡢ௦ࢃࡾ࡟䣍࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜ
䥹ᮏࡀᩘ෉ࡢ䣬࡚࠸ࡿᮘ࡟ྥ࠿࠸䣍ࡑࡢ࠺ࡕࡢ୍෉ࢆྲྀࡿ䥺
ࣝࣥࣉ ࢫ࣌࢖ࣥ࠿ࡽࡢࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎
䢣
ࣝࣥࣉ䣎ࡦ࡜ࡾ࡟࡞ࡾࡓ࠸䣎
ࡍ䣎䥹ⓚᖇࡢ᳔Ꮚࡢ⬥ᜥ࡟∦ᡭࢆ⨨ࡃ䥺
䢣
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ఱ⪅ࡔ䣎
ࡔ䣍ࡦ࡜ࡾ࡟࡞ࡾࡓ࠸ࡢࡔ䣎
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ Ẋ㸟 ⓚᖇ㝎ୗ㸟
ࣝࣥࣉ䣍ࡦ࡜ࡾ
࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ 䥹᮫ࢆᣢࡕୖࡆ䣍ࣝࣥࣉ࡟ྥࡅ࡚䥺ࡦ࡜ࡾ࡟ࡋࢁ䣎
࣐ ࢻ ࣜ 䤀 ࢻ ࡢ ᐑ ᘐ ࡟ ὴ 㐵 ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㝎 ୗ ࡢ ౑ ⪅ ࠿ ࡽ ⮳ ᛴ ౽ ࡶ ᮶࡚
࢔࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⥅ᢎᶒࡶ䣍࠸ࡘࡢ᪥࠿⋢ᗙࢆᚋ⥅ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᕼᮃࡶ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲ
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ 䥹⃭ࡋࡃ䥺୕༓ࡔ䣎
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ ⏽ࢀ࡞ࡀࡽ
13
䥹ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ䣍ᮘࡢୖ࡟࠶ࡿᡭ⣬㢮ࢆ⶜ࡴࡼ࠺࡟ᢲࡋࡢࡅࡿ䣎⭜ࢆୗࢁࡋ
ࣝࣥࣉ
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ 䥹႐ࢇ࡛䥺࣭ࣟ࣌ࢹ࣭࣋䤀࢞ ࡔ䣎
12
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ኱බࡀ࠾╔ࡁ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎
࡚ᡭ࡟ྲྀ䣬ࡓᮏࢆ㛤࠸࡚ㄞࡴ䥺
ࣝࣥࣉ 䥹࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ࡟䥺ࡉ䣬䣍࠾ୗࡀࡾࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ 䥹ࡲࡍࡲࡍ⃭᪸ࡋ࡚䥺ࡦ࡜ࡾ࡟ࡋࢁ䣎
ࣝࣥࣉ ⏦ࡋࡲࡋࡓ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎ࡑࢀࢆẊୗࡀ↓⌮ࢆ㏻ࡑ࠺࡜࡞ࡉ䣬ࡓࡢ࡛䣎
䥹ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ䣍୍▐⪺ࡁ⪥ࢆ❧࡚䣍ᮏ࠿ࡽ┠ࢆ㞳ࡍࡀ䣍ࡲࡓㄞࡳ⥆ࡅࡿ䥺
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡉࡉ䣍ࡇࡕࡽ࡬䣎ࡇࡢࡲࡲ࡛ࡣ䣍ࡍ࡭࡚ࡀỈࡢἻ࡛ࡍ䣎
ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀࡝ࡢࡶ࠾࠸࡛࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ ⚄ࡼ䣎
䥹ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ䣍ඛ࡜ྠᵝࡢ௙ⲡ䥺
ࡲࡓ࠾࠸࡛࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍ䣎
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ 䥹ㄡ࡟ゝ࠺࡜ࡶ࡞ࡃ䥺ࡦ࡜ࡾ࡟࡞ࡿࡢࡔ䣎
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ 䥹࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ࡟䥺ࡉ࠶ຬẼࢆฟࡋࡲࡏ䣎㟈࠼࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜䣍
䥹ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ࡟㐃ࢀࡽࢀ࡚㏥ሙ䥺
ࡽࢀࡼ࠺䣎
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ ቎࡟ⴿ䣬࡚ࡃࢀ䣎ࡑ࠺ࡍࢀࡤ䣍ࢃࡓࡋ࡟ࡶᚰࡢᏳࡽࡂࡀ୚࠼
࠾㞃ࡋ࡟࡞䣬࡚ࡶศ࠿ࡾࡲࡍ䣎
䥹ⓚᖇ䣍ㄞࡳ࡞ࡀࡽ኱ኌ࡛➗࠸ฟࡍ䥺
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ 䥹࠺ࡘࢁ࡞ኌ࡛䥺ࡦ࡜ࡾ࡟࡞ࡿࡢࡔ䣎
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ₻᫬ࡣࡼࡋ䣎㝎ୗࡣࡈᶵ᎘ࡼࢁࡋ࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎࠸ࡊ䣎
ࣇ䣷ࢽ䣹ࢡࢫ࣭ࢹ࣭࢚ࢫࣃ䤀ࢽ䣺
ࣝࣥࣉ ⚄ࡼ䣍ࡇࢀ࠿ࡽ࡝࠺࡞ࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺䣎䥹ⓚᖇࡀᢞࡆᤞ࡚ࡓᮏࢆᣠ࠸ୖ
ࢹ 䣵 ࣅ 䤀 ࣀ ࣭ ࢔ ࢘ ࢺ 䤀 ࣝ
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ⚄ࡢࡈ࡜ࡁリேࡔ䣎ࢫ࣌࢖ࣥࡢ୙Ṛ㫽ࡔ䣎
䥹ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ䣍࠸ࡽ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺௙ⲡ䥺
ࡆ䣍ⓚᖇ࡟Ώࡍ䥺ࡈᮏࢆ䣎
䥹࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ䣍ᙼ࡟㏆࡙ࡃ䥺
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ ୺ྩ࡟ࡋ࡚ⓚᖇࡓࡿ㝎ୗ䣍ࢃࡓࡃࡋࡵ䣍୙ᇝࢆ㢳ࡳࡎ䣍ࢃࡀ
285
ࡢࡣዪࡓࡕ࡛ࡍ䣔࡜䣎ࡍࡿ࡜㝎ୗࡣ࠾➗࠸࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎
ࡼࡃศ࠿ࡿ䣎ࡑࡢሙ࡟ᒃྜࢃࡏࡓࡽ䣍࠾ࢀࡔ䣬࡚➗䣬ࡓ
䢣
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡲ࠶ࡲ࠶ៃ࡚࡞ࡉࡽࡎ࡟䣎ᶒຊࡣࡲࡔᡭ࡟ධࡾࡲࡏࢇࡒ䣎
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ䣍ࡑࢀ࠿ࡽ䣍ᶒຊࢆᤸᥱ
䢣
᮶࡛ࡍ䣎Ẋୗࡈ⮬㌟ࡀ࡞ࢁ࠺࡜࡞ࡉࡽ࡞࠸࡞ࡽࡤ䣎
࠺࡛࠸࠸ࡢ࠿
䢣
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ ࢃࡓࡋࡣࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀ࡢ⤫ᖊᶒࢆ㢪࠸ฟࡿ䣎ࡑࢀ࠿ࡽ䣍
ࡑࢀ࡛࡝࠺࡞ࢇࡔ䣍఍ࢃࡏ࡚
ࣝࣥࣉ ↓ㄽ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎⏽ࢀ࡞ࡀࡽ䣍୍᫬ࡢࡈ㎞ᢪࢆ䣎ⓚᖇ㝎ୗ࡟࠾࠿
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ ࡛ࡣ䣍≀ஒ࠸ࢆࡏࡼ࡜㸽
䥹ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀࡟䣍࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫࢆᣦࡋ♧ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ䣍
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ ࢃࡓࡋࡣⓚᖇ࡟఍ࢃࡡࡤ࡞ࡽࢇ䣎ࡇࡇ࠿ࡽୗࡀࡽࢇࡒ䣎
ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀
ࣝࣥࣉ ࡝࠺࠿ࡈ㓄៖ࢆ䣎
ࣝࣥࣉ ࡉࢀࡤ䣍⚄ࡢᛮ࠸ࡢࡲࡲ࡟䣎࠶ࡕࡽ࡛࠾ᚅࡕࡃࡔࡉࡾࡲࡏ䣎࣑ࢧ࡟
⾜࠿ࢀࡿ࡜ࡁ䣍࠾㏻ࡾ࡟࡞ࡽࢀࡲࡍࡺ࠼䣎㢪ࢃࡃࡣ䣍㝎ୗࡀẊୗࢆ࠾ㄆࡵ
࡟࡞䣬࡚䣍ヰࡋ࠿ࡅࡽࢀࡲࡍࡼ࠺䣎࠾ฟ࡛࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎
ࡿ࠿䣍ࡍ࡭࡚ࡀࡇࡢ▐㛫࡟࠿࠿䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ 㟷ࡃ࡞䣬࡚࠾࠸࡛ࡔ䣎ࡉ࠶ࡉ࠶䣍ຬẼࢆฟࡉࢀࡲࡏ䣎ఙࡿ࠿཯
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ ఱࡢࡓࡵࡔ䣎
䥹ࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ⪅ࡀᜤࡋࡃᅛၚࢆ࿐ࢇ࡛❧䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ኱බ䣍ୗᡭ
䥹ࡦ࡜ࡾࡢౝᚑ䣍ධ䣬࡚ࡃࡿ䥺
ౝᚑ ࢩ䣻ࢱ࢖ࣖ䤀࣐ࣝࢡࡢࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ኱බࡀ࠾ᡂࡾ࡛ࡍ䣎ᣏㅜࢆ㢪
࠸ฟ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡍ䣎
ࣝࣥࣉ ࠸ࡸࡣࡸ䣍ẊୗࢆḼ㏄࠸ࡓࡍ࡜⏦ࡏ䣎
䥹ౝᚑ䣍㏥ሙ䥺
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࠾ศ࠿ࡾ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺࠿䣎ᮍ᮶ࡢⓚᖇ䣍࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜ࢔ࡢᎠᏊࡢࡈධ
ࡁᦆࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠺ಶᡤࢆ♧ࡍ䣎ⓚᖇࡀ㤳ࢆᶓ࡟᣺ࡿ࡜䣍⤮ࡣᣢࡕཤࡽࢀ
ࡢ๓࡛❧ࡕṆࡲࡾ䣍ࡌ䣬࡜═ࡵ䣍᮫࡛⤮ࢆᣦࡋ䣍⮬ศࡢᕥ⭎࡛ࡑࡢ⤮ࡀᥥ
䥹ࡩࡓࡾࡢ⏨䣍⤮⏬ࢆᣢ䣬࡚ⓚᖇࡢ㏻ࡾ㐨࡟ࡦࡊࡲࡎࡃ䣎ⓚᖇ䣍୍ᯛࡢ⤮
ࡽᩘேࡢᑠጣ䣍 ࡑࡋ࡚᭱ᚋ࡟ⓚᖇࡀⓏሙ䣎᮫࡛㌟ࢆᨭ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ䥺
䥹ࡩࡓࡾࡢㆤ⾨ࡀୖᡭࡢ⬥ᡬ࠿ࡽ⌧ࢀ䣍ࡑࡢᡬࡢ୧⬥࡟㌟ᵓ࠼ࡿ䣎ࡑࢀ࠿
ࡢ⬥ᡬࡢ࠺ࡋࢁࡲ࡛ୗࡀࡿ䣎ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ䣍ᙼࡢࡑࡤ࡟䥺
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࠸ࡎࢀ࠾⪺࠿ࡏ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍ䣎࡛ࡍࡀ䣍せồ࡞ࡉ࠸ࡲࡏ䣎
࡛ࡣ௒୍ᗘ䣎ࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀ࡢ⤫ᖊᶒࢆ
ࡣᙼࢆ࠸ࡓࡃឡࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡍ䣎࠾ศ࠿ࡾ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓ࠿䣎
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀࠿䣎
䢣
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡉࡼ࠺䣍࠶ࡢ⏨࡛ࡍ䣎
ᡤᮃ࡞ࡉ࠸ࡲࡏ䣎
ࡇ
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡜ࢇ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ䣎Ẋୗࡣࡇࡢ࠺࠼ఱࡶ࠿ࡶࡪࡕቯࡋ࡟࡞ࡉ
ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ࠿䣎
䥹ࡦ࡜ࡾࡢౝᚑ䣍ୖᡭࡢ⬥ᡬࢆ㛤ࡃ䥺
ࣝࣥࣉ ⓚᖇ㝎ୗࡀ࠾ฟ࡛࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࢃࡓࡃࡋࡀ㝎ୗ࡟࠾チࡋࢆㄳ࠺ࡲ࡛䣍
࡝࠺࠿⬥࡟࠾ୗࡀࡾࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࡲࡍࡼ࠺䣍⏽ࡲ䣬࡚࠾㢗ࡳ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍ䣎
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ ࠶ࡢⱝ㐀ࡣㄡࡔ䣎
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ ࡃ࡝࠸ࡒ䣎
ࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡈᏑࡌ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍ࠿䣎ࡇࡢᐑ୰࡛ぢࡘ࠿䣬ࡓᤞ࡚Ꮚ࡛ࡍ䣎ⓚᖇ
஌䣬࡚ࡳࡿࡒ䣎䥹㏥ሙ䥺
ࣝࣥࣉ ࠾ᮃࡳ࡜࠶ࢀࡤ䣍ⱝࡉࡲࡢࡶࡢ䣎ࡁ䣯࠺䣍ⓚᖇࡀྫྷ࿡ࡉࢀ䣍㉎ධࡉ
ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ศ࠿䣬ࡓ䣍ศ࠿䣬ࡓ䣎ᗞ࡛ᘬ࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㤿ࡣㄡࡢࡶࡢࡔ䣎
⪥ᡴࡕࡍࡿ䥺
ࢀࡲࡋ࡚ࡣ
䢣
ࡶࡽ࠼ࡿ࠿䣎
ࢁ࠺ࡼ䣎୕༑௦ࡔ࡜㸽 ࠶ࡢ⭡࡜⬮࡛࠿㸽
ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀
286
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ
‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ ࢃࡓࡋࡣࡶ࠺࠾ࡋࡲ࠸ࡔ䣎ⓚᖇ࡟⮧ᚑࡋ࡚䣍ࢩ䣻ࢱ࢖ࣖ䤀
ࡽ࡟࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡍ䣎
ࣝࣥࣉ ࠾࠾䣍ࡶ䣬ࡓ࠸࡞࠸䣎ࡋ࠿ࡋ↓⌮࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎㝎ୗࡣࡈẼศࡀඃ
Ẋୗࡣ࠸ࡘࡶࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟୧ᴟ➃࡟㉮ࡾ㐣ࡂ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡲ䣬ࡓࡃ䣍࣐ࢡࢩ࣑䤀ࣜ
ࢀ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎㢌③࡟ᝎࡲࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡽ࠸ࡽࡋ࡚࠾࠸࡛࡛ࡍ䣎Ẋୗࡢࡈ౫㢗
࢔ࣥࡉࡲࡢ࠾Ꮚࡓࡕࡢ㈼ࡃ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜㸟䥹࿘ᅖࢆぢࡲࢃࡋ࡚࠿ࡽ䣍ᑠኌ࡛䥺
ࢆᘬࡁཷࡅࡓࡽ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣࡇࡢ⫋ࢆ㉃ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞䣬࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎
ࢿࢦࢶ䣵࢔
ࡑࢇ࡞ࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁࡲࡏࢇ䣎ⓚᖇ㝎
ࣝࣥࣉ ࠾࠾䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣࡓࡔࡢୗ൅䣎
࢔ࢡࢱ
ࡢ⏫࡜⤫἞ᶒࢆᤵࡅ࡚ࡃࡔࡉࡿࡼ࠺㢪࠸ฟࡿࡘࡶࡾࡔ䣎࠿ࡢᆅ࡟ఫࡳ䣍ࡑ
䢣
ࡢ௦ࢃࡾ䣍࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜ࢔඲ᅵ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᣢ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡓࡋࡢ┦⥆ᶒࡶ⋤఩⥅
ࡢ⏨ࢆࡏ䣬ࡘ࠸࡚䣎
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ ࣝࣥࣉ࡝ࡢ䣍⣙᮰ࡢᥱᡭࢆ䣎
Ẋୗࡢ㉃ࡅࡣ࠺ࡲࡃ࠸䣬࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡒ䣎ษࡾᮐࢆ࠾ᣢࡕ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽ࡞䣎࡜ࡶ
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡈ෕ㄯ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣍ࣝࣥࣉ࡝ࡢ䣎ࡇࡢᐑ୰࡛㈗Ẋࡢᶒຊࢆ▱ࡽ࡞
࠸⪅࡞࡝࠾ࡾࡲࡋ䣯࠺࠿䣎
ഃ㏆࡛࠶ࢀࡤ࠶ࡿ࡯࡝䣍࠾ᛣࡾࡶཷࡅࡸࡍ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡋ࡚䣎ࡘ࠸᫖ኪࡶ࠸ࡓࡃ
ࡑ࠺ぢ࠼ࡿࡔࡅࡢࡇ࡜࡛ࡍ䣎࡛ࡍࡀẊࡣࡌࡘ࡟ཝࡋ࠸࠾࠿ࡓ࡛ࡍ䣎
ࡢୖ࡟ࢃࡎ࠿࡞㔜ࡳࡀቑࡋ࡚䣍Ẋୗࡢ຾ࡕ࡜࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࣁࣉࢫࣈࣝࢡᐙ
࠾ᛣࡾ࡟࡞䣬࡚䣍వࡣࣇ䣷ࣜ࣌୕ୡ ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡒ䣍ྲྀࡾᕳࡁ࡝ࡶ࡟ᣦᅗࡉ
ࣝࣥࣉ
ࡢᖾ㐠ࡣ䣍ᩍ఍ࡢᖾ㐠ࡣ䣍ࡑࡋ࡚ࢃࢀࢃࢀⓙࡢᖾ㐠ࡣẊୗḟ➨࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎
࡛ࡍ䣎ኳ⛗ࡤ࠿ࡾࡢ᳋ࡣ㔮ࡾྜ䣬࡚࠸ࡲࡍ䣎ᑡࡋ᫬㛫ࡀ࠶ࢀࡤ䣍Ẋୗࡢ─
ࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀ࡢ⤫ᖊᶒࢆᡤᮃ࡞ࡉ࠸ࡲࡏ䣎⤫ᖊᶒ࡛ࡍࡒ䣎ࢩ䣻ࢱ࢖ࣖ䤀ࡀఱ
࠿ࡃᚸࡢ୍Ꮠ䣎ㅉࡵࡿࡔࡢ䣍ᖾࡏ࡞⨺㣫࠸ࡔࡢࡤ࠿ࡾࡣࡈ຺ᘚ㢪࠸ࡲࡍ䣎
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ึࡵࡣ㧗ᮃࡳࡔ䣬ࡓࡢ࡟䣍࠸ࡲࡣ࠼ࡽࡃ↓ḧ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓ࡞䣎
቎ࡢ୰ࡔࢁ࠺䣎
ᢎᶒࡶࡳ࡞ㅉࡵࡿ䣎⋤఩⥅ᢎࡢ᪥ࡢ᮶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࢀࡤ䣍ࡑࡢ࡜ࡁࢃࡓࡋࡣ
ᩥ᭩ࡀ࠶ࢀࡤ䣍 ௙ ஦ ࢆࡋࡲࡍࡀ䣎
ୗࡣࡈẼศࡀඃࢀ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 Ɇ
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡯ࢇࡢᩘศࡔࡅ࡛ࡍ䣎䥹࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ࡟⪥ᡴࡕࡋ࡚䥺ࡉࡉ䣍࠶
10
ࢀࡣࡏࢇࡒ䣍࡜ྉࡤࢀࡲࡋࡓ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡣៃ࡚࡚ࢻ࢔࠿ࡽ㏥ᩓࡏࡡࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ ࢃࡓࡋࡣ࠾ࡋࡲ࠸ࡔࡼ䣎
࠿䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎↓⌮࡞┦ㄯ࡛ࡍ䣎ࢃࡓࡋ࡟ࡣ࡛ࡁࡲࡏࢇ䣍࡛ࡁࡲࡏࢇ䣍ࡔ
ࣝࣥࣉ࡝ࡢࡀ࠾࠸࡛࡛ࡍ䣎ࡈ⮬㌟࡛⏝௳ࢆ࠾ヰࡋࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎䥹࠺ࡋࢁ࡟ୗ
ࡀࡿ䥺
䥹ࣦ䣸ࣝࣇ࣭ࣝࣥࣉ䣍ୖᡭࡢ஧␒┠ࡢ⬥ᡬ࠿ࡽⓏሙ䣎⭆࡟᭩㢮ࢆᢪ࠼䣍⊧
䥹ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀䣍ᡬ࠿ࡽⲨࠎࡋࡃධ䣬࡚ࡃࡿ䥺
ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ⓚᖇࡣ࡝ࡇ࡟࠸ࡿ䣎࠾࠸䣍࠿ࡘࡽᒇ䣍఍࠼ࡿ࠿䣎
⫼࡛Ṍࡃ䣎ࡉࡁ࡯࡝ࡢౝᚑࢆᚑ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ䥺
ࡢࡈຍㆤࡀᤵࡅࡽࢀࡲࡍࡼ࠺䣎
ࣝࣥࣉ ࡇࢀࡣ䣍ࢭࢽ䣼䤀࣭ࣝࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀䣍ࡈᶵ᎘࠺ࡿࢃࡋ䣮࠺䣎⚄
䥹ౝᚑ䣍ᡭ࡛࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫࢆᣦࡋ♧ࡍࡀ䣍ࣝࣥࣉ䣍ࡇࢀ࡟㡻╔ࡏࡎ୰ᡬ࡟
ྥ࠿࠺䣎Ṥ࡝ࡑࡇࡲ࡛᮶ࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛䣍ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࡀ⾜ࡃᡭࢆ㐽ࡿ䥺
ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ⓚᖇࡢᶵ᎘ࡣ࡝࠺ࡔ䣎
㛶ୗ䣍኱බ࡝ࡢࡣⓚᖇ㝎ୗ࡟ᣏㅜࡲ࠿ࡾ࠼ࡲࡋ䣯࠺࠿䣎
ࡵ࡛ࡍ䣎䥹ࡩࡓࡾ࠿ࡽ㞳ࢀࡿ䥺
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡝࠺ࡸࡽࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡛ࡍ࡞䣎Ẋୗ࡟ᮇᚅࡍࡿࡢࡣㅉࡵࡲࡋ䣯࠺䣎
11
ࡽࢀࡲࡍ䣎୕༑௦ࡢࡼ࠺࡛䣎ࡁ䣯࠺䣍ࡇ࠺⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡋࡓ䣎䣓㝎ୗࡣࡵ䣬
ࣝࣥࣉ ࠶ࡾ࠼ࡲࡏࢇ࡞䣎
ࡓ࡟⮧Ẹࡢ๓࡟࠾ጼࢆ࠾ぢࡏ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡀ䣍ࡑࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ୍␒Ⴣ࠸࡚࠸ࡿ
ࣝࣥࣉ ࡼࢁࡋ䣮࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎࠾࠿ࡋ࡞ࡇ࡜࡟䣎Ẋࡣ᪥࡟᪥࡟ⱝ㏉䣬࡚࠾
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ 䥹๓ᬒ࡟࠸ࡿ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫࢆᣦᕪࡋ࡚䥺኱බ࡝ࡢࡈ⮬㌟ࡀ࠶ࡕ
287
ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀
䢣
ᚅ࡚䣍࠾ࡲ࠼䣎
䢣
ࡇࡇ࡟࠸ࡿࢇࡔ䣎
ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵
ࣝࢫࣦ䣸࣒ࣝ䣍㉧ࡏ䣎ᛣࡾ࡟くࢃ
ࡑ࠺ࡣゝ䣬࡚ࡶ࡛ࡍ࡞䣎ࡔࡀ䣍࡝ࢇ࡞ࡶࡢ࠿ࡦ࡜ࡘヨࡋ࡚ࡳࡲࡋ䣯࠺
࠿䣎䥹ୖᡭ䣍⬥ᡬ࡟㏥ሙ䥺
ౝᚑ
࢔㸟
䢣
Ẋୗ䣍ࡲࡔⓚᖇࡲ࡛࠸䣬࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎ᣏㅜ
ࡣࣦ䣸ࣝࣇ࣭ࣝࣥࣉᯡᐦౝᚑ㛗࡝ࡢ࡟㢪࠸ฟࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽ䣎
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ⓚᖇ࡟࡛ࡍ࡜㸽
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ ⓚᖇ࡟఍࠺ࡔࡅ࡛ࡇࢇ࡞࡟㠃ಽ࡞ࡢ࠿䣎
࠸ࡸ䣎
䥹ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ䣍ፉ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㏥ሙ䥺
䢣
࠶ࡢዪࡢ࠶࡜ࢆ㏣࠺ࡒ䣎
ࢀ࡚䣍┠ࡀ╆ࢇ࡛ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓ䣎ࡔࡀ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢ୍௳ࡀࡑࡢࡏ࠸࡛๭ࢆ㣗ࢃ࡞
࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ࡋࡼ࠺䣎ⓚᖇࡢ࡜ࡇࢁ࡟⾜ࡁ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࢆ㔘ᨺࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿࡼ࠺㝞᝟
࠿䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡀ∗ ࡢᡭ࡟ᘬ࠿ࢀ࡚䣍඗࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ᝆ↛࡜Ṍࡁᅇ䣬ࡓࡢࡶࡇࡇ
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ ࠶࠶䣍ఱࡓࡿࡇ࡜䣎ࡑࢀࡶࡇࡢྠࡌᇛ䣍ྠࡌ㒊ᒇ࡛࡛ࡣ࡞࠸
ࡶ䣬࡜ࡶ䣍ࡑ࠺࡞ࡽ࡞
䢣
䢣
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡑ࠺䣍Ẋୗࡢ࡯࠺ࡀឡࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ䣎ၥ㢟ࡣࡲࡉ࡟ࡑࡇ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎
ࢃࡓࡋࡣ඗ࡼࡾࡶឡࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ䣎
ዲពࡶགྷ௓ࡈ࡜ࡶ䣍ࡳ࡞ᚚ๓࡟ᢞࡆࡘࡅ࡚䣍ㄡ࠿࡯࠿ࡢ⪅ࢆ㝎ୗࡢ࠾࡭䣬
∗ࡂࡳࡀⓚᖇࡢ࡯࠺ࢆࡼࡾឡࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡓࡽ䣍㉃ࡅ࡚ࡶࡼࢁࡋ࠸ࡀ䣍඗ୖ
࡞ࡢࡔ䣎
࠿౑࠸࡟ࡋ࡚ࡸࡾ䣍ࡇࡢ࠾ࢀࡣࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀࡟⾜䣬࡚ࢺࣝࢥࡢ㌷㝲࡟ධ䣬࡚
ࡶẊୗࢆࡶ䣬࡜ᬮ࠿ࡃឡࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜࡛ࡋ䣯࠺࡞䣎
ᣄྰࡋࡓࡽ䣍㝎ୗࡀẼ⣮ࢀ࡟࠾ࢀ࡟ᜨࢇ࡛ࡃࢀࡓ
ࡍࡿ࠿ࡽ࡞䣎㝎ୗࡀࡇࢀࢆᣄྰࡋࡼ࠺ࡶࡢ࡞ࡽ
䢣
ࡸࡿ䣎ࡉࡽࡤࡔ䣎ࡔࡀ䣍࡯࠿ࡢ⪅ࡓࡕ䣍ࡼࡃぬ࠼࡚࠾ࡅ䣎᪂ࡋ࠸ሗࡏࡀ᮶
࠸ࡇ࡜ࡣಖドࡍࡿࡀ
7
࡚䣍ⓚᖇ⮬㌟ࡢ࿨௧ࡀୗࡽ࡞࠸࠺ࡕ࡟䣍ࡇࡢ⏨࡟ᣦ୍ᮏ࡛ࡶゐࢀ࡚ࡳࢁ䣎
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ☜࠿࡟ᡭཝࡋ࠸䣎࡛ࡍࡀ䣍Ẋୗ࡟ࡘ࠸࡟ఱࡦ࡜ࡘᜠᜨࢆ୚࠼࡞
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ ࡜ࡇࢁࡀྡ㄃๤ዣ࡟㏣ᨺࡔ䣎
ࡕ䣯䣬࡜࡛ࡶ᛹ࡋࡆ࡞ࡑࡪࡾࢆぢࡏࡓࡽ䣍㤳ࢆࡶࡽ࠺ࡒ䣎䥹ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵
࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ࡋࡓࡇࡢᥐ⨨ࡣ䣍⏤ࠎࡋ࠸஦ែࢆᣍ࠸ࡓ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎Ẋୗ
࢔ࡢᐙࡢ๓ࢆ㏻ࡾ㐣ࡂ࡞ࡀࡽ䥺ᆅ⊹ࡢᕢ❍ࡵ䣍ለࡕࢁ䣎䥹㏥ሙ䥺
ࡣ࢘䣵䤀ࣥࢆⓎࡕ䣍ࡣࡿ࠿࢜ࣛࣥࢲ࡟㉱ࡁ䣍ེ஘㌷ࡢඛ㢌࡟❧ࡕ䣍࣐ࢻࣜ
䤀ࢻ࡜࢘䣵䤀ࣥࢆ཯┠ࡉࡏࡲࡋࡓ 䣎ࡋ࠿ࡋ᭱ᝏ࡞ࡢࡣ䣍ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡼ࠸
䥹ࣝࢫࣦ䣸࣒ࣝ䣍཯ᑐ᪉ྥ࡟㐃⾜ࡉࢀ࡚ࡺࡃ䥺
ሙ㠃㌿᥮
ࣉࣛࣁ࡟࠶ࡿ⋤ᐑࡢᗈ㛫䣎୰ᡬ࠿ࡽᘐ⮧ࡓࡕⓏሙ䣎ᚋᬒ࡟࡚ࡃࡘࢁࡄ䣎
ࡼᖐ㒓ࡋ࡚ࡳࢀࡤ䣍Ẋୗ࡟ࡣఱࡽࡢᡂᯝࡶ࡞࠿䣬ࡓࡇ࡜࡛ࡍ䣎
Ⲩࢀ≬࠺㦁஘࡟ศࡅධ䣬࡚䣍
ࡢࡔ࠿ࡽ䣍⮬ศࡢ࡯࠿࡟ࡣㄡ࡟ࡶᜠ⩏ࢆឤࡌ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡼ࠸ࢃࡅࡔ䣎
⎰♟ࡢᒣࢆྑ࡬ᕥ࡬Ὃࡂࡘࡘ䣍⎰♟࡛⋢ᗙࢆᣛ࠼ࡿ䣎⮬ࡽ⋢ᗙࡢ๰㐀୺࡞
ࡔ䣎ࡔࡀ䣍࠶ࡢసᡓࡣ⚄ᢏࡔ䣬ࡓࡔࢁ࠺㸽
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ ࢃࡓࡋࡣ㦄ࡉࢀࡓࡼ䣎࢜ࣛࢽ࢚ ࡀேࡢ຾฼ࢆ᥆ࡵྲྀ䣬ࡓࡢ
ౝᚑࡀࡦ࡜ࡾ୰ኸཱྀ࠿ࡽ᮶ࡿ䣎ࡑࡢ࠺ࡋࢁ࡟ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ࡜࣐ࢸ䣵䤀࢔ࢫ኱බ䣎
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࠾㢗ࡳ⏦ࡋࡲࡍ䣎
඲ࡃࡶ䣬࡚䣍࠶ࡾ࠼ࡠࡇ࡜࡛ࡍ䣎
9
࠸ࡿࡢ࠿䣎ᡭ࡟ධࡿࡶࡢࢆ࠾ᦨࡳ࡞ࡉࢀࡲࡏ䣎࡝ࡇ࠿ࡽ᮶ࡓࡶࡢ࠿࡞࡝䣍
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡝࠺ࡸࡽ㐠ࡀᕠ䣬࡚ࡁࡑ࠺࡛ࡍ䣎㢼ࡣࡑࡕࡽࡢ࡯࠺࠿ࡽ྿࠸࡚
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡯ࢇࡢ୍ゝ࠾⪥ࢆ䣎
࡝࠺࡛ࡶࡼ࠸ࡇ࡜䣎㈙཰䣍⥅ᢎ䣍⤖ᵓ
ࡓࡔࡋ䣍᥆ዣࡔࡅࡣࡲࡎ࠸䣎ࡶ
ౝᚑ ⓚᖇࡣ࠾ᛁࡋ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎
䣬࡜ࡶ䣍ᨻ἞ࡢୡ⏺࡛ࡣ᥆ዣࡶ⋓ᚓ࡜ゝ䣬࡚䣍ᾴࡋ࠸㢦࡛ࡍࡀࡡ䣎
䢣
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ⓚᖇࡢᘵࡂࡳࡈ⮬㌟࡛ࡍࡒ䣎
ౝᚑ
8
288
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ
‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
࠸ࡓ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎
ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀
࡯࡯࠺䣍⮑⑓⪅࡞ࡽࡑ࠺࠸࠺㜵⾨⟇ࢆྲྀࡿࡔࢁ࠺࡞䣎ย
ࢆᖏࡧ࡚࠾ࡁ࡞ࡀࡽ䣍ࡲࡎㆤ⾨ࢆㄳ࠺⪅ࡀ࠸ࡿ࠿㸽 ࡞ࡽࡤゝ࠾࠺䣎࣋ࣝ
ࢪ䣼ࢪ䣼䤀ࢯࡀࡑࡢ⏨ࡢᡭ࡟ಽࢀࡓࡢࡣ䣍࠾ࢀࡢ࿨௧࡟ࡼࡿࡢࡔ䣎
᪉ࡢ࡯࠺࡟ྥࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎࡜࡞ࢀࡤ⚄ࡉ࠼ࢃࡓࡋࢆຓࡅ࡚ࡣࡃࢀࡲ
ࡏࢇ䣎ࡉ࠶䣍࠾ᘬࡁࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎௒ࡣᡓ࠺ࡼࡾ♳ࡿ࡟┦ᛂࡋ࠸᫬ࡢࡼ࠺࡛ࡍ䣎
ࡇࡢ࠶ࡓࡾ࡟ࣇࣛࣥࢳ䣷ࢫࢥಟ㐨㝔ࡀ࠶䣬ࡓࡣࡎࡔࡀ㸽
ࡇࡢ┠࡛䣎
ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ࡇࢇ࡞࠶ࡾࡉࡲࢆぢ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽࢇࡢ࠿䣍ࡇࡢ࠾ࢀࡀ䣍
ࣝࢫࣦ䣸࣒ࣝ ⏽ࢀ࡞ࡀࡽ䣍ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡣ࠸ࡘዴఱ࡞ࡿ᫬ࡶ䣍
࣒ඖᖊࡣࡑࡢᅾ௵୰䣍௚ࡢ⪅࡝ࡶ࡟㢖⦾࡟࿨௧ࢆୗࡋࡲࡋࡓࡶࡢࡢ䣍㌷ྖ
⪃࠼ࡲ࡛ㄞࢇ࡛䣍႐ࢇ࡛᭹ᚑࡋ࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎ࡋ࠿ࡋ䣍ࡇࡢࣝࢫࣦ䣸ࣝ
䣬ࡓࡢࡣࡇࡢ⏨ࡔ䣍࠾ࢀࡌ䣭࡞࠸䣎ࡔࡀ䣍ࡇ࠸ࡘࡢࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࠾ࢀࡣᎰࡋ
ࢆᴦࡋࡶ࠺䣬࡚ࢇࡔ࡞䣎ぢࢁ䣍ࡇ࠸ࡘࡀ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢ⏨ࢆẅࡋࡓࢇࡔ䣎
࠾࠾䣍ഇၿ⪅ࡢ࠾ฟࡲࡋ࠿䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢࡏ࠸࡛䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢࡓࡵ࡟㉳ࡇ䣬ࡓ⚝
䥹ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵࢔䣍∗ぶ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ୖᡭ๓ᬒࡢᐙ࠿ࡽⓏሙ䥺
௧ᐁ࡝ࡢࡼࡾ࡯࠿ࡢㄡ࠿ࡽࡶ࿨௧ࢆཷࡅࡓࡇ࡜ࡣࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡏࢇ䣎ㄗ䣬ࡓ᝟
࠸䣎
ᡯẼ↵Ⓨ࡟ࡋ࡚ຬᩒ࡞୺ྩ࡛࠶ࡿ㛶ୗࢆ࠾ះ࠸ࡋ䣍㧗㈗࡞ฟ⮬ࡢ㛶ୗࡢ࠾
ሗࡸ୰യࡵ࠸ࡓࡓࢀࡇࡳ࡟ࡼ䣬࡚㉳ࡇࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓ⾜Ⅽ࡛䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡀ᩿⨥
䣍ࡾ
䣍ࢆࡘࡅ࡚ࡃࢀ
ࡇፉࡓࡕࢆẼ㐵䣬࡚⭡ࢆ❧࡚ࡓࡶࡢࡔࡀ䣍ࡑࢇ࡞ࡇ࡜࡟ࡅ
࠶ࡢኪࡢ╬ゝࡸࡽࢭࣞࢼ䤀ࢹࡸࡽங⧞ࡾྜ࠸ࡸࡽ䣍㞄㏆ᡤࡣ࠾ࡰ
ẅ
ࡉࢀࡿࡢ࠿䣍ᗘ㔜࡞ࡿࢺࣝࢥᡓᙺ࡛ࡢຌປࡺ࠼࡟᝟≧㓃㔞࡞ࡾῶฮࡀᚓࡽ
ࡓࢇࡔ䣎ࡇࡢ⏨ࡀẅ䣬࡚ࡃࢀࡓ䣎ࡑࢀ࡞ࡢ࡟ࡸࡘࡣࡡࡂࡽࢃࢀࡿ࡝ࡇࢁ࠿䣍
䢣
ࢀࡿࡢ࠿䣍ࡉࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ࡜ࡣ⿢ุᐁࡀྫྷ࿡⪃㔞ࡍࢀࡤࡼ࠸ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍ䣎ࡓࡔ䣍
⿢ࡁࡢᗞ࡟ᘬ䣬❧࡚ࡽࢀ䣍⨥ࢆᐉ࿌ࡉࢀࡿࢇࡔ䣎
ࡀチࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺࠿䣎
ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ 䥹⿢ุᡤဨ࡟䥺බࡢ㐨ࡢ┿୰࡛ῄࡸ࠿࡞எዪࢆ࠿ࡃࡶ⨬ࡿࡇ࡜
ࡉࢀࡤ࠾ࢀࡶᤕࡽ࠼࡚㐃⾜ࡋࢁ䣎࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡶ┿ᐇ䣍ࡇࡢ
䢣
࣋ࣝࢪ䣼ࢪ䣼䤀ࢯࡀ㛶ୗࡢᜊ㊰ࡢጉࡆ࡜࡞䣬ࡓࡇ࡜ࡣ䣍ᙼࡢṚࡢཎᅉ࡛ࡣ
࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎ᙼࡣ䣍㛶ୗࡢᜊᩛ࡛࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶ䣍Ṛࢆචࢀ࡞࠿䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎
ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀
⏨ࡀẅࡉ࡞࠿䣬ࡓ࡜ࡋࡓࡽ䣍࣋ࣝࢪ䣼ࢪ䣼䤀ࢯࡣ࠾ࢀࡢᡭ࡛ಽࢀࡿࡣࡎࡔ
ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ࡔࡀ䣍࠾ࢀ࡟ࡣࡑࢇ࡞ࡇ࡜ࡣᡃ៏࡛ࡁࢇ䣎ࡇࡢ๢࡛࠾ࡲ
⿢ุᡤဨ ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣேࡢ⾜Ⅽࢆ⿢ࡁࡲࡍࡀ䣍ேࡢពᛮࢆ⿢ࡃࡢࡣ⚄࡛ࡍ䣎
࡞䣎࡞ࡐ႙᭹ࢆ╔࡚ࡿ㸽 Ṛࢇࡔࡢࡣ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢぶ᪘࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࢇࡔࡒ䣎࠾ࡲ
࡜඲㒊䣍ᩍ఍࡛ྤࡁฟࡋ࡚䣍ࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࡲࡓ᪂ࡓ࡟⨥సࡾ࡟ບࡶ࠺䣬࡚⫟ࡔ
ࢇࡓࡽ࡝ࡇ࡟⾜ࡃࢇࡔ䣎ࡑ࠺࠿䣍ᩍ఍ࡔ࡞䣎ࡇࡢዪ䣍ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ⨥ࢆ⦷ࠎ
࠼ࡓࡕࡢḧࡋࡃ࡚ࡓࡲࡽ࡞࠸⋓≀ࢆศᤕ䣬࡚ࡸࡿ䣎ࡇ࠸ࡘࡽ࡟࠿࠿ࢀ䣎ࣝ
࠼ࢆ⬣࠿ࡋ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼࡟㎞࠸ᛮ࠸ࢆࡉࡏࡓ⚝ࢆ࠾ࢀࡣࡍ࡭࡚グ㘓ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎
࡟㦄ࡉࢀ࡚ࢇࡔࡼ䣎࠾ࢀࡸୡ㛫඲㒊ࡀ㦄ࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡜ྠࡌࡔ䣎࡜ࡇࢁ࡛䣍࠶
ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ῄࡸ࠿࡞ፉࡔ࡜㸽 ࡩࢇ䣍ぶ∗ࡉࢇࡼ䣍࠶ࢇࡓ䣍ࡇࡢዪ
䣬ࡓࡢࡔ࠿ࡽ䣎ࡑ࠺ㄋ䣬࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡔ䣎
ࢫࣦ䣸࣒ࣝࢆ⮬⏤ࡢ㌟࡟䣎
㓞࡞ኪ䣎࡞ࡐ႙᭹࡞ࢇࡔ䣎
ࣝࢫࣦ䣸࣒ࣝ ࠾ᘬࡁࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎ከໃ࡟↓ໃ࡛ࡍࡋ䣍⏫ࢆΰ஘࡟㝗ࢀࡿࡇ࡜
ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ ࡉ࠶䣍ࡶ࠺⾜ࡇ࠺䣎
ࡸࡘࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ᝚ࢇ࡛ࢇࡢ࠿䣎ࡑ࠺ࡔ࡜ゝ䣬࡚ࡳࢁ䣍ࡇࡢ๢ࡀ
䢣
࠾࠾䣍ṧ
Ṛࢇࡔࡢࡣぶ᪘࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎࡞ࡢ࡟࡞ࡐ႙᭹࡞ࢇࡔ㸽 ࡇࡢ⏨ࡀᡴࡕẅࡋࡓ
⿢ุᡤဨ ṇ⩏ࢆᩆ࠼㸟
䥹ᕷẸࡓࡕ䣍ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᐙ࠿ࡽฟ࡚ࡃࡿ䥺
࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍ䣎௨๓ࡣ࠿ࡃࡶၿព࡟‶ࡕ࡚࠸ࡓⓚᖇࡢ࠾⪥ࡶ䣍┦ኚࢃࡽࡎᩛ
289
ᎇᚪ∝ᚐ᫆
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
ࣉࣛࣁ䣍࣐ࣛ䤀࣭ࢫࢺࣛࢼᗈሙ 䣎ࣝࢫࣦ䣸࣒ࣝඖᖊ䣍Ṋჾࢆᣢࡓࡎ䣍ᕷ㛛
➨୍ᖥ
‫׍‬ஊӸ↝ᘙᚡ↚↓ⅳ↕
ႇ‫ئ‬ʴཋᘙ↚ⅱ↺ʴӸ↞ↈ↨↕⇯⇊⇪ᛖᛠ↮↚ወɟↆ↎⒎ᅹႉ↝ɶ↖ᛖ↸↻
↺ ↝↮ ↝ ʴཋ Ӹ ↚ ᧙ ↆ↕ ↞ ⒍ ⅹ ⅹ ↷ ↌ ⒍ ↌ ↻ ↍ ↻ ↝ ʴ ཋ ↝ ൐ ᛖ ↝ ᛠ↮ ૾ ↚ ࢼ ⒡
↎⒎
‫ע‬Ӹ↚᧙ↆ↕↞⒍ɟᑍ↚Ԡ↢ॹ↸ↄ↻↕ⅳ↺ᘙᚡⅻⅱ↺↱↝↞↌↻⇁੔⒡↎
Ⓝ↎↗ⅷ↟√⒧⒲∙⒍⇎⇟⇷⒲⇱⒬↖↙ⅾ⒍⇌⒧⒲∙⒍⇟∀⇊∙Ⓞ
⒎↌↝˂↝‫ע‬
Ӹ↞⇯⇊⇪ᛖ↝↭↭↚ↆ↎ⅻ⒍ྵ‫⇧↝נ‬⒩⇙σԧ‫ע↺ↈޓ↚׎‬Ӹ∝ᣃࠊӸ∝‫ע‬
ғ Ӹ ↞ ⒍ ∂⇾ ∅ ⇈ Ⓝ ∏ ⇬ ∙ ᛖ Ⓞ ↗ ∈ ∏ √ ⒧ ⇈ Ⓝ ᒍ ᛖ Ⓞ ↝ ʚ ᛖ ⇁ ᨊ ⅳ ↕ ⇧ ⒩ ⇙ ᛖ
↝ᘙᚡ⇁ဇⅳ↎⒎
ⓃᚪᎍⓄ
‒
⒏ʞࠧबт⒐
‣
᧺ᢿ ᨺɟ*Ⓡᚪ
⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⒦⒲ ⒕⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝Ωࢂʗⅳ⒖
․
1
‒
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌‒
⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝Ωࢂʗⅳ
‒
‒
‥
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒‒
᪩ᮅ䣎
ࡢ⾨ර࡟ᑟ࠿ࢀ࡚Ⓩሙ䣎ඛ㢌࡟⿢ุᡤဨ䣎ୖᡭ๓ᬒ࡟ᚑ⪅ࢆక䣬ࡓࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ
䢣
䣷䤀ࢨ䤀䣎
᩿ࡌ࡚ࡇ࡜ࢃࡿ䣎ṇᙜ࡞ἲⓗᶒ㝈ࡶ࡞ࡃᣊ␃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᅃ
ேࢆᘬࡁΏࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠾࠺䣎
ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀
⿢ุᡤဨ ⓚᖇࡢᚚྡ࡟࠾࠸࡚࿨ࡌࡲࡍ䣎ㅉࡵࡽࢀࡲࡏ䣎
࡜ࡍࢀࡤ䣍ࡑࢇ࡞ุỴࡣㄗࡾ䣍⿢ุᐁࡣ≬ẼࡢἋửࡔ䣎
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
ࡓࡢࡣࡑࡢ⏨ࡢ࡯࠺ࡔ䣬ࡓ࠿ࡽࡔ䣎
ࡑࡇ࡟࠸ࡿ⏨ࡣ࠶ࡿ⏨ࢆ᩾䣬ࡓ䣎࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽᶵඛࢆไࡉ࡞࠿䣬ࡓࡽ䣍᩾ࡽࢀ
ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀
⿢ุᡤဨ ἲ࡜䣍ࡑࡋ࡚⿢ุᐁࡀୗࡋࡓุỴ࡟ᚑ䣬࡚ࡢࡇ࡜䣎
‒
I
T
W
D
U
D
C
*
P
K
V
U
K
Y V \
T
T
Q
G
Y
F
J
W
E
T
C
$0
P O
K
G
P
' K
G
T V G
G
D
K
\
#
T
C O K
R
I J
NPE
N
W
K
KV
\W
T
;
)
G
U
T
\ G
P
CD
T
(㝲
⿢ุᡤဨ ࡇࡢ࠿ࡓࡀッ࠼ࢆ㉳ࡇࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡽ䣍⿢ุᐁࡀ஦௳ࢆᮍ↛࡟㜵࠸࡛
ᲤᲫ
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ ܖٻ‬ȪșȩȫǢ⌴Ȅ‫ܖ‬ᢿ
6
ႇ‫ئ‬ʴཋ
∑⒲⇯∑⇻ʚɭ ∓⒲∄∝⇯⇊⇪႐ࠔ
∄⇬⒧⒲⇈⇟
↌↝ࢂ↎←
∄⒫⇕⇟
⇻⒩∑⇭⒧⇰ ∙⇮
႐ࠔ↝စ↎←
−⒲⇐∃∑⇮
⇯∙∝⇪⒩⒲⇜⒲
႐ࠔ↝ࡌ‫܇‬
∇∑⇸⇐∑∝⇕−⒲⇢∑
∌⒲∐⇌⇟∝⇻⒪∙∝⇼∏⇌∙⇝⒭√⒦⇊⇕π
∄⒫⇬⇟∝⇮⒨∑∙
∂⇾∅⇈ሁଈ ↝ˊᘙᎍⓃ⇝⒭∐⒫⇕ˢⓄ
⇜⇊⇻∐⒲⇮∝⇼∓⇊⇰⒲
√⒦− ∙ ⇝⒭⇥ ⇊∙‫˱ٻ‬
√⒪∑⇻∝∑∙⇽ ႐ࠔ↝̋ࢼᧈ
∏∇⒲ ‫˱ٻ‬
ᨛᧈ
∑⇟√⒪∑∆Ψࠕ
⇽∓⇙⒲⇽
⇽∏⇵ࠊൟ
∑⇕−⒲⇪⒧⇈ ↌↝‫ې‬
ଊ৖
ૠʴ↝τٟ⒍ࠊൟ⒍ࢼ΄
‧
ʚŹɟʞ࠰ʋஉʚɤଐ Ӗྸ
…
290
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ
G
J
E
U
K
P
C
R
C
,
˱⅝ஙↄ↷≝‫ޢ‬ஜⅺ↝‫܇‬ⅤிෙᢊʞҗɤഏⅥ↗඾޽˲‫܇‬Ⅴӂ‫ྛ܇‬Ⅵ⃬⃬Ⅰജ்Ⅱႎࣱ఍⇁ᙻࡈ↚
291
‒
Kanoko Okamoto’s Fifty-Three Stages on the Tǀkaidǀ and
Ynjko Tsushima’s Zushiǀ≐Analyzed through an Utamakura
Descriptive Epithet Perspective≐
Sayo Sasaki≍1
⁅⁠⁡⁢⁥⁛⁥‒ Kanoko Okamoto’s Fifty-Three Stages on the Tżkaidż portrays people
traveling on the old Tżkaidż road, as the title implies. Yƈko Tsushima’s Zushiż
is modelled on the legends of “Sanshż the Bailiff,” popularized through the
“Sanshż the Bailiff” medieval ballads. Among the themes portrayed in the texts
is the history and culture of the Tżhoku region, depicted in the form of a journey
through the area, particularly Tsugaru.
Just as Kanoko embellishes her text with a wealth of citations from works of
classical literature, Tsushima uses classical literature and legends as both a
foundation and a driving force. This paper identifies common techniques
between the two, focusing on utamakura descriptive epithets. This paper also
examines the different levels of citation technique used in Fifty-Three Stages on
the Tżkaidż, published during the wartime structure and Zushiż, written in the
1980’s . Further, this paper comparatively examines the differences in travel
locations and family values in order to highlight the changes in awareness that
occurred within a period of approximately half a century.
From the texts’ relationship with classical literature and the focus on
utamakura descriptive epithets, the author was able to provide specific
examples of the creation of a history of modern literature from an historical
analysis perspective
äääääääääääääääääääää‒
Key words‒……………………………………………………
Famous utamakura descriptive epithets, typification, adjacency, “Sanshǀ the Bailiff” legends,
elder sister and younger brother
Ფ1 Faculty of Liberal Arts Kaichi Intarnational University
KAICHI INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Bulletin No.15
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
䥹
ぢࡿ࡭ࡁ䣔
䥹๓ᥖ䣍㜿㒊 ஬ࠐ㡫䥺࡛࠶䣬࡚䣍ὠ㍍∧䣓ࡉࢇࡏ࠺ኴኵ䣔࡜᩿ᐃ࡛
ࡃࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚䣕ࡉࢇࡏ࠺ኴኵ䣖ࡼࡾࡣ䣍ࡼࡾྂࡃⓎ⏕ࡋ࡚ㄒࡾ⥅ࡀࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡜
୰ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣕࠾ᒾᮌᵝ୍௦グ䣖ࡣ䣍
䣓ᮏ᮶ࡣ䣍ᒣࠎࡢ⚄ࠎࡓࡕࡢㄌ⏕ࡢ⏤᮶ࢆㄝ
ࡿෆᐜ࡜࡯ࡰ㔜࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎Ᏻᑑࡢ୍ே⛠࡛ㄒࡾ㉳ࡇࡉࢀ࡚➽ࡶᏳᑑ୍ே࡟㞟
࠾࠺ࡩ࠺䥺୰ࡢ䣓బΏࡢᏳᑑ䣔
䥹ᅄ୍㡫䦅஬ඵ㡫䥺➼࡛⤂௓ࡉࢀ࡚࠸
ᖹซ♫䥺ࡢ➨୍❶䥹୕୍㡫䦅஑஬㡫䥺䣍㜿㒊ṇ㊰䣕᪥ᮏ㏆௦Ẹ಑ᩥᏛㄽ䣖䥹ᖹᡂ
ఏㄝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ䣍ᒾᓮṊኵ䣕ࡉࢇࡏ࠺ኴኵ⪃
࠺࡟ᢅࢃࢀ࡚ ࠸ࡿࡀ䣍ࡑࢀ ࡣ䣍ኳ ⓚไ࡜ ࠸࠺࠿ࡓࡕࢆ ྲྀ䣬ࡓ ㏆௦ᅜ Ẹᅜᐙ࡟
ࡣ䣍Ẹ᪘࡜ᅜẸࡢᩥ໬ⓗ᰿※࡜ࡋ࡚఩⨨࡙ࡅࡽࢀ䣍ᩍ⛉᭩࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࡑࡢࡼ
஦グ䣖
䣕᪥ᮏ᭩⣖䣖ࡢṔྐ࡜⌧ᅾ䣔࡟࠾࠸࡚ᣦ᦬ࡍࡿ䣍
䣓䣕ྂ஦グ䣖
䣕᪥ᮏ᭩⣖䣖
࠶ࡿ䣎ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ䣍⚄㔝ᚿ㝯ගࡀ䣓䣕᪥ᮏ⚄ヰ䣖ࡢ᮶Ṕ䢣䢣䣓ྂ඾䣔࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ䣕ྂ
ࡿ᝟ሗ䣔࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡋ࡚䣍ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᣦ᦬ࢆど㔝࡟ධࢀ࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡀ
ᩥᏛྐ෌⪃ࢆㄞࡶ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ⪅ࡔࡀ䣍ᮏㄽ୰࡛ゐࢀࡓ䣓Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱࠿ࡽ୚࠼ࡽࢀ
࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺䣎ࡲࡓ䣍➹⪅ࡣ䣕㐂㨱≀ㄒ䣖࡟᪤ᏑࡢᩥᏛྐ࡬ࡢ␗㆟⏦ࡋ❧࡚࣭
࡚⧅ࡀࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ䣎ࡉࡽ࡟ඵᒱ኱⺬ࡀฟ㞼⣔⚄ヰ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡶ␃ពࡍ
ࡁ࡞࠸࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡇࡢᣦ᦬࡟ᚑ࠺࡞ࡽࡤ䣍
䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࡀ㐳ࡿ᫬㛫ࡣ୰ୡࡼࡾࡣ
࠾࠸࡚సࡾ࠶ࡆࡽࢀࡓ䣏ไᗘ䣐࡛࠶䣬ࡓ䣍࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆṔྐⓗ࡟᣺ࡾ㏉ࡾ䣍
୰ୡࡢㄝ⤒ㄒࡾ䣖
䥹୍஑୐୕䣍஬䣍
ࡿ࠿࡟㐣ཤ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠼ࡼ࠺䣎
ぢ㏻ࡍࡇ࡜䣔
䥹ࣁ࣭ࣝ࢜ࢩࣛࢿ䣍㕥ᮌⓏ⨾⦅ⴭ䣕๰㐀ࡉࢀࡓྂ඾䢣䢣࢝ࣀࣥᙧ
୍ࠐ䣍ᅄ
䥺ࡕࡃࡲᩥᗜ∧䣕ᒸᮏ࠿ࡢᏊ඲㞟㸳䣖ࡢ䣓ゎㄝ ḷኌࡀࡦࢁࡀࡿ䣔䥹୍஑஑୕䣍
୍ࠐ Ἑฟ᭩ᡣ᪂♫䥺࡟ࡼࢀࡤ䣓ᮾ໭ᆅ᪉࡟ࡣ䣍ᆏୖ⏣ᮧ㯞࿅ࡢ⼎ዀᚁఆࡀ䣓㨣
ᚁఆ䣔ࡢఏㄝ࡟࡞䣬࡚ㄒࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸䣎ࡇࡢᒾᮌᒣࡢ⦕㉳ࡶࡑࡢ୍㢮
ᆺ䣔࡛䣍⦕㉳ࡢ⢒➽ࡣ䣓ኳⓚࡀὴ㐵ࡋࡓ୰ኸ࠿ࡽࡢ౵␎㌷࡟ࡼ䣬࡚䣍ᒾᮌᒣࡢ
ඛఫẸ࡛࠶ࡿ㨣ࡀ㏥἞ࡉࢀ䣍ᩋࢀࡓ㨣ࡣ䣍ᚁ᭹⪅ࡢᏲㆤ⚄䣔࡜࡞䣬࡚ᒣ࡟ᑒࡌ
㎸ࡵࡽࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䥹ᅄ୕භ㡫䥺䣎ࡲࡓ䣍䣓ᒾᮌᒣࡣ㐲ࡃᖇ㒔ࡢⰊࡢ㨣
㛛ࢆᏲࡿᒣ䣔࡜ఏ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺䥹ᅄ୕୐㡫䥺䣎䣓ᚁ᭹⪅ࡢᏲㆤ⚄䣔࡜ࡋࡓ
ࡢࡣᚁ᭹⪅ࡢഃࡢ㒔ྜ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺䣎
䣓པᏊ⋤䣔࡟࠾࠸࡚䣓ᚁ᭹⪅ࡢᏲㆤ⚄䣔࡜࡞䣬
࡚ ࠸ࡿࡢ࠿࡝ ࠺࠿᳨ウࡀ࠸ ࡿࡀ䣍ᚭࡽᐙ ᪘ࡣṚࢇࡔ㞷ᯞࢆ䣓ᐙ᪘ࡢ Ᏺㆤ ⚄䣔࡜
‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒
࠸ ࡢ ࡕ ࡢ ᅇ ᖐ 䣖䥹 ஧ ࠐ ࠐ ᅄ 䣍 ୍ ୍ 䣍 ⩶ ᯘ ᭩ ᡣ 䥺
ࡋ࡚㒔ྜࡼࡃ఩⨨௜ࡅ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ䣎
䥺㧗 Ⰻ␃⨾Ꮚ 䣕ᒸ ᮏ࠿ ࡢᏊ
ᡂ࣭ᅜẸᅜᐙ࣭᪥ᮏᩥᏛ䣖
䥹୍஑஑஑䣍ᅄ ᪂᭙♫䥺୍୐ඵ㡫䥺ࢆど㔝࡟ධࢀ
ࡓㄞࡳࡀせㄳࡉࢀࡿ䣎࡞࠾䣍ゝࢃࡎࡶࡀ࡞ࡢࡇ࡜࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ䣍᪥ᮏ⚄ヰ࡟࠾
ࡅࡿ࢔࣐ࢸࣛࢫ࡜ࢫࢧࣀ࢜ࡶጜ࡜ᘵ࡛࠶䣬ࡓ䣎
୍୕ඵ㡫
䥺㐃స㞟䣕㐂㨱≀ㄒ䣖࡟࠾࠸࡚䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࡢ๓࡟⨨࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀ䣕ྂ஦グ䣖
ࢆୗᩜࡁ࡟ࡋࡓ䣓࠾ࢁࡕ䣔࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ䣓ᅜࡘ⚄䣔ࡢഃ㠃࠿ࡽᚲ↛ᛶࢆࡶ䣬
䥺ෆ⸨ṇᩄ䣓㨣ࡢཎ㢼ᬒ䢣ὠ㍍ᒾᮌᒣࡢ㨣⚄䣔
䥹ᑠᯇ࿴ᙪ⦅ⴭ䣕㨣 䣖஧ࠐࠐ ࠐ 䣍
ඵ 䥺 ୕஑஬㡫䦅୕஑஑㡫
䥹
15
16
17
18
䥹
䥹
292
ⓗ࡞ࣔࣀࢆྵࡴ䣎
ࡣ䣍ฟ᮶஦ࡢࡼ࠺࡞᫬㛫ⓗ࡞ࣔࣀ䣍
䣓ᚰ⌮ࡢ᥈✲䣔ࡢ౛ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࣔࣀ໬ࡋࡓᢳ㇟
࠶ࡿ䣎䣓ୡ⏺䣔࡜ࡣ䣓⌧ᐇୡ⏺䣔࡟㝈ࡽࡎክࡸ≀ㄒࡢ䣓ୡ⏺䣔ࡶྵࡴ䣎䣓ࣔࣀ䣔
ࡼ䣬࡚䣍ࣔࣀ㹀ࢆ㛫᥋ⓗ࡟䥹ࡘࡲࡾ䣍ࣔࣀ㸿ࢆ⤒⏤ࡋ࡚䥺
䣕ᣦ♧䣖ࡍࡿ⌧㇟䣔࡛
♧䣖ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ䣍ࣔࣀ㸿࡜㞄᥋㛵ಀ࡟࠶ࡿࣔࣀ㹀࡬䣕ᣦ♧䣖ࡀ䣕ࡎࢀࡿ䣖ࡇ࡜࡟
ࢆ᚟άࡉࡏࡿ୍ᅉ࡛࠶䣬ࡓ࠿࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿ䣔࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䥹
䣕ᒸᮏ࠿ࡢᏊ㸫↓ᖖࡢᾏ
ࡽࡋ࠸䣎䣔࡜ࡋ䣍
䣓↓ព㆑࡟ാࡃࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᚰᛶࡢ㞟ྜ䣔ࡀ䣓ᑒᘓⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡢ㨩ຊ
ࡑࡇ࡟⮬↛࡜䣕⾑⬦䣖
䣕ඛ♽䣖ࢆᑟࡁฟࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢࡀྂ඾ⓗ࡞ᆅྡࡢຊ࡛࠶ࡿ
䣓୍ᖹࡣࡓࡔឤࡌࡿࡲࡲ࡟䣕࡞ࡘ࠿ࡋࡳ䣖䣕ே᝟ⓗ࡞≌ᘬ䣖ࢆㄒ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࡀ䣍
సᴦ஭ࡢゝⴥࡣ୍ᖹࡀ㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿᮾᾏ㐨࡬ࡢᛮ࠸ࢆཷࡅ࡚᭩࠿ࢀࡓ࡜᥎ ࡋ䣍
ྡᡤḷᯖࡀ㞄᥋ᛶ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ࣓ࢺࢽ࣑䤀Ⓨ᝿࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ࡜ࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ䣍ࡑࢀࡣ䣓↓
ᮏᩥᏛ䣔➨ᅄ஑ᕳ஬ྕ
ព㆑䣔࡜࡞ࡿ࡯࡝࡟ᾐࡳ㎸ࢇ࡛࠸ࡃຊࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡜ࡣ䣍᪥ᖖ⏕ά࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࣓ࢺࢽ
䥺
䣕ᮾᾏ㐨஬༑୕ḟ䣖࡛ࡣ䣍༑ᅋᏊ䣍࡜ࢁࢁỒ䣍⅊྿ࡁ࡞࡝࠸ࡃࡘࡶᣦ᦬࡛ࡁࡿ䣎
5
୍୐㡫
ᒇ࡞࡝ࡀ୪࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡶ䣍ᆅྡࡀ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣓ሙᡤ䣔࡜ࡢᙉ࠸㞄᥋ᛶࢆࡶ
䥹
஧ࠐࠐ஬䥻୕䣍
䣓᫛࿴ᩥᏛ◊✲䣔➨஬ࠐ㞟䣍୕୕㡫䦅୕஬㡫
䥺ㄝ⤒䣓ࡉࢇࡏ࠺ኴኵ䣔ᮏᩥ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᶓᒣ㔜࣭⸨ཎᘯඹ⦅࣭ᰯゞ䣕ㄝ⤒⠇ṇ
ᮏ㞟➨୍䣖
䥹୍஑୕୐䣍୍஧䣍኱ᒸᒣ᭩ᗑ䥺
䣍ᶓᒣ㔜⦅䣕ㄝ⤒ṇᮏ㞟➨୍䣖
䥹୍஑
භඵ䣍஧䣍ゅᕝ᭩ᗑ䥺➼ࢆཧ↷ࡋࡓ䣎
䥺ὠᓥభᏊ࡟ࡣ࢔࢖ࢾ⚄ㅴ㞟ࡢヂᴗࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡟␃ពࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸䣎
䥺㤿ፉ፧ጻ㆓࡟ࡘ࠸࡚▼ୖ୐㍜ࡣ䣍
䣓ࡇࡢ㤿ፉ፧ጻ㆓ࡣ࢜ࢩࣛ⚍ᩥ࡜ࡋ࡚㟷᳃࣭
ᒾᡭ࡟ఏࢃࡾ䣍୕Ἑࡢ⚄ᴦ⚍ᩥ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡇࡢヰࡣ୍✀ࡢ␗㢮
፧ࡢヰ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍᪥ᮏ࡟ྂࡃ࠿ࡽᏑࡋ࡚࠸ࡓᆺ䣔࡜࠸࠺䣎
䣓ᢡཱྀಙኵࡣ䣍ᮾ໭ࡢᩥ
Ꮫ୍࡛␒ࡼࡃࢃ࠿ࡿࡢࡣ䣍⇃㔝⣔⤫ࡢࡶࡢ࡛䣍⇃㔝ࡢᕩዪࡸ┣࣭▜ዪࡸ⪷㐩ࡀ
࠾࠺ࡩ ࠺
㐠ࢇ࡛⾜䣬ࡓࡶࡢࡀ┠࡟ࡘࡃ䣎
䥹୰␎䥺ዟᕞࡢ࠸ࡓࡇ⚍ᩥ࡞࡝ࡶࡇࢀ࠿ࡽ⏕ࡲࢀ
ࡓ ࡜ ㏙ ࡭ ࡓ 䣎䣔 ࡜ ᣦ ᦬ ࡋ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 䥹䣕 ྂ ௦ఏ ᢎ ᩥ ⱁ ㄽ 䣖 ᖹ ᡂ ୍ ୍ 䣍 ஬
஧஧ඵ㡫䦅஧஧஑㡫䥺䣎䣓ཱྀ㢌ᩥᏛ䣍ࡘࡲࡾ᐀ᩍᩥᏛ䣔࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࡶ㞷ᯞࡀ᐀ᩍࢆ
Ꮫࡧࡓ࠸࡜㢪࠺ࡇ࡜࡟㏻ࡌ䣍࢜ࢩࣛᵝࡣ䣓ᮏ᮶䣍♽ඛ⚄࣭㎰⪔⚄ࡢᛶ᱁ࢆᣢ䣬
࡚࠸ࡓࡽࡋ࠸䣔ࡇ࡜ࡶ䣓པᏊ⋤䣔࡜ࡢ㛵㐃࠿ࡽὀ┠࡛ࡁࡿ䣎
䥺
䣓ὠ㍍ࡢ࢖ࢱࢥࡀఏ࠼࡚ࡁࡓヰ䣔࡜ࡋ࡚ᥥ࠿ࢀࡿὠ㍍ࡢᒾᮌᒣ࡟ࡲࡘࢃࡿᏳᑑ
䣬࡚ㄞ⪅࡟ࡣ༳㇟௜ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍ᥥ࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡃୡ⏺ࡢ᪉ྥᛶࢆỴ
ᐃ࡙ࡅࡿຠᯝࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ䣎
䣓ᅛ᭷ࡢ᝟⥴ⓗ࢖࣓䤀ࢪ䣔ᙧᡂ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡢ⿵㊊࡜ࡋ࡚㢟ャ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ゐࢀ࡚࠾
䥺
ឤ⯆࡟༶ࡋ࡚ャࡲࢀࡿḷࡀ䣍సḷࡢሙࡸ≧ἣ࡜ᐦ᥋࡞࠿࠿ࢃࡾࡶࡘ䣔ࡢ࡜ࡣ␗
䥹
ࡃ䣎㢟ャḷࡣ䣓㢟࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚╔᝿ࡉࢀࡓほᛕⓗୡ⏺ࢆᙧᡂ䣔ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ䣍
䣓 ᢡࠎࡢ
࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡇࢀࡶࡲࡓᒊ㢼ḷࡸḷྜࡢὶ⾜࡟ࡼ䣬࡚Ⓨ㐩ࡋ䣍
䣓㢟ャࡢ☜❧࡜ᒎ
㛤ࡣ⨾ࡢ㡿ᇦࢆᣑ኱ࡋ䣍࿴ḷ࡟᪂ࡓ࡞ྍ⬟ᛶࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋࡓ䣔
䥹ὀ㸱࡟ྠࡌ䣍୕ඵ
ඵ㡫䦅୕ඵ஑㡫䥺࡜࠸࠺ព⩏ࡀ࠶ࡿ䣎ࡓࡔ䣍ࡸࡣࡾ䣍䣓㢮ᆺ࡟㝗ࡾࡸࡍ࠸ഴྥ䣔
࡜࠸࠺䣓ḞⅬ䣔ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣྰᐃࡋࡀࡓ࠸ࡔࢁ࠺䣎
䥺ᪧᮾᾏ㐨ࡢᐟሙࢆṌࡃ୰࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃỶ㌴ࡢ㌴୰࡛㛢ࡌࡓࡇ࡜ࡢព࿡ࡣ⪃࠼࡚ࡳ
࡚ࡼ࠸࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸䣎ゝ࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃ㏆௦໬ࡢ㇟ᚩ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢỶ㌴࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡲࡓ䣍
➹⪅ࡣ䣕ᮾᾏ㐨஬༑୕ḟ䣖࡜㐃ḷᑿࡢ㛵㐃࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ὀ䥹㸯䥺࡟࠶ࡆࡓㄽࡢ୰࡛
ゐࢀ࡚࠾࠸ࡓࡀ䣍ᐟሙࡸ㥐ࢆࡘ࡞ࡄ᪑ࢆᥥࡃࡇ࡜ࡣ㐃ḷⓗᡭἲ࡜㏻ࡌࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚
䥹
11
13 12
14
ࡼ࠸࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸䣎
䥺ᐑෆ῟Ꮚࡣ䣓⮬ศࡓࡕࡢࡸ࠺࡞䣍᝟࿡࡟⬤࠸ᛶ㉁ࡢே㛫ࢆ⑷ࡽࡏࡿ䣔࡜࠸࠺
10
୍භඵ㡫䥺䣎ᮏㄽ࡛๓ᥦ࡜ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟䣍
6
࣑䤀⾲⌧ࡸⓎ᝿ࡢ࠶ࡾࡼ࠺࡟ㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟䣍⮬↛࡞ὶࢀ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺
Ṋ ⶶ 㔝᭩ ᡣ
࡬䢣䣖
䥹
ෑ㢌㏆ࡃ࡛䣍ฟⓎᆅ࡛࠶ࡿ㟼ᒸ㥐ࡢᒣⵇₕࡸ㪉࡛ࢇࡪࡢ┳ᯈ䣍ࡉࡽ࡟Ᏻಸᕝ㣰
୍஑஑ᅄ䣍୍ࠐ
䥺⳥ụጾ㞝䣓␗⏺ࢆ㈇࠺ᬒ䢣ྂ௦ᩥᏛ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ႘ࡢཎ⌮䢣䣔஧ࠐࠐࠐ䣍஬䣍
䣓᪥
䥹
7
䥺እᮧᙲ䣓ᒸᮏ࠿ࡢᏊ䣕ᮾᾏ㐨஬༑୕ḟ䣖䢣䣣᫬௦䣥ࡢ㞃႘ࢆどᗙ࡜ࡋ࡚䤀䣔
䥹
䥹
䥹
8
䥹
䥹
9
293
˱⅝ஙↄ↷≝‫ޢ‬ஜⅺ↝‫܇‬ⅤிෙᢊʞҗɤഏⅥ↗඾޽˲‫܇‬Ⅴӂ‫ྛ܇‬Ⅵ⃬⃬Ⅰജ்Ⅱႎࣱ఍⇁ᙻࡈ↚
䥺
⪅ࡢ៍ူࡢḷኌ࡛ࡶ࠶ࢁ࠺䣎᫬㛫㍈࡛࠸࠼ࡤ䣍ᖖ࡟㒔࡟㈇ࡅ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿᆅ࡛
⚄࡜࡞䣬ࡓ⪅ࡢჃࡁ࡜᢬ᢠࡢḷኌ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺䣎 䥹
ࡇࡢ஧సࢆ๓࡟ࡋ࡚ㄞ⪅ࡀぢฟࡋၥ࠸⥆ࡅࡿ࡭ࡁၥ࠸ࡣ䣍⾲⌧࡜ᐦ᥋࡟┤
࡜ࡿ䣕ᮾᾏ㐨஬༑୕ḟ䣖࡜䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࡀዌ࡛ࡿḷࡣ䣍඲ࡃ୧ᴟ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡋ࠿
ᅄ஑ᖺ୕᭶䣍෤ᶞ♫䥺䣍
䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࡣㅮㄯ♫ᩥⱁᩥᗜ∧䣕㐂㨱≀ㄒ䣖
䥹୍
㸨䣕ᮾᾏ㐨஬༑୕ḟ䣖࠿ࡽࡢᮏᩥᘬ⏝ࡣ䣕ᒸᮏ࠿ࡢᏊ඲㞟➨ᅄᕳ䣖
䥹᫛࿴
⤖ࡍࡿⓎ᝿ࢆつᐃࡋ᪉ྥ࡙ࡅ࡚࠸ࡃࡢࡣఱ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࢁ࠺䣎
ࡋ䣍୧ᴟᛶࢆࡶ䣬࡚⌧ࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡼࡾࡶ䣍ࡇࢀࡽࡢ᪉ἲࡣ䣍ඛ㏙ࡋࡓ㛫ࢸࢡࢫ
஑ඵ஑ᖺ஧᭶䥺࡟ࡼࡿ䣎
ᴟࡵ࡚⮬↛࡞ࡇ࡜ࡢࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ඛ㏙࡛ࡣ䣓࡞ࡲ࡞ࡲࡋ࠸ୡ⏺䣔࠿ࡽ㐲ࡃ䣍
࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢ㢦䣔ࢆࡶࡕ䣍୚ㅰ㔝ᬗᏊࡀ䣓⋤ᮅᩥ໬ࡢ㡬Ⅼ࡟❧ࡘኳⓚ࡟ࡣᣏ㊭
䣓ኳⓚࡣ⤫ᖊᶒࢆࡶࡘ㌷ࡢ⤫⋡⪅䣍❧᠇ྩ୺䣍ࡉࡽ࡟⋤ᮅᩥ໬ࡢ㇟ᚩ࡞࡝䣍
䥹
䥹
䥹
ὒ୍䣕ḷᯖḷࡇ࡜ࡤ㎡඾ ቑゞ∧䣖
䥹୍஑஑஑䣍භ ➟㛫᭩㝔䥺
䣍኱ᒸಙ┘ಟ䣕᪥
ᙲ䣍㔝⏣┤ᜨࡽ࡟ࡼ䣬࡚ᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ䣍ᐃㄝ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸䣬࡚ࡼ࠸䣎࠿ࡘ࡚➹⪅
䣗ὀ䣘
䣓ḷኌࢆࡦࡧ࠿ࡏ䣔࡚ࡣ࠸࡞࠸సရ࡜ࡋࡓࡀ䣍ࡑࢀࡣ⾲ᒙ࡛ࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶䣬࡚䣍
䥹
1
ࡢᡓத༠ຊࢆᐜ᫆࡟ࡋࡓ䣔࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡑࡋ࡚䣍ᡓ᫬ୗ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࠿ࡢᏊࡢ䣓┤
⥺ⓗ࡛ᒅクࡢ࡞࠸Ẹ᪘୺⩏䣔ࡸ♽ᅜឡ࡟ࡣ࿴ḷ࡜࠸࠺䣓リḷᙧᘧ࡬ࡢࡶࡓࢀ
䥺 ࠺ ࡲ࡛ ࡶ ࡞ ࡃ ྡ ᡤ ḷ
࠿࠿ࡾࡀ፹௓䣔࡜ࡋ࡚࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 䥹 ゝ
ࡣ䣕ᮾᾏ㐨஬༑୕ḟ䣖࡟ᩘከࡃⓏሙࡍࡿྡᡤḷᯖ䣍ᪧ ㊧䣍ྂ඾࠿ࡽ ࡢᘬ⏝࡟ࡘ
࠸࡚ゝཬࡋ䣍ࡑࡢ㝿䣍
䣓✵᝿࡟ࡼࡿ᪑ࢆᥥ࠸ࡓࡢ࡛࠶䣬࡚䣍ᐇ㝿ࡢᆅᙧ࡜㐪䣬࡚
࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ࠸࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃၥ㢟࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣔ࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍
䣓㐪䣬࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺
࡜ࡇࢁ࡟㐣ཤࡢ䣕✵᝿䣖ࡢ✚ࡳ㔜ࡡ䣔ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ๓ᥦ࡜ࡋ࡚ㄽ㏙ࢆ㐍ࡵࡓ䥹䣓䣕᪑
ࡢ๰㐀䢣ᒸᮏ࠿Ꮚ䣕ᮾᾏ㐨஬༑୕ḟ䣖䢣䣔䣍ᖹᡂᅄ䣍ᅄ䣍䣓ᩥⱁ࡜ᢈホ䣔➨୐ᕳ
䥺㧗ᶫⰋ㞝䣕ḷᯖࡢ◊✲䣖
䥹୍஑஑஧䣍஑ Ṋⶶ㔝᭩㝔䥺ࡢ୕୐㡫䣎௚࡟䣍∦᱒
➨஬ྕ䣍 ᅄ୍㡫䥺
䣎
ᮏ࠺ࡓࡇ࡜ࡤ⾲⌧㎡඾䢣ḷᯖ⦅䥹ୖᕳ䥺䣖
䥹஧ࠐࠐඵ䣍ඵ
㐟Ꮚ㤋䥺䣍ྜྷཎᰤᚨ䣕࿴
ᱜᴁ♫䥺
ḷࡢḷᯖ࣭ᆅྡ኱㎡඾䣖
䥹ᖹᡂ஧ࠐ䣍஬ ࠾࠺ࡩ࠺䥺➼ࡢゎㄝࢆཧ↷ࡋࡓ䣎
䥺᭷ྜྷಖ⦅䣕࿴ḷᩥᏛ஦඾䣖
䥹ᖹᡂ୕䣍஧
஬ࠐ㡫
䥺࣓ࢺࢽ࣑䤀ࡣ䣓㞄᥋㛵ಀ䣔࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃࣞࢺࣜ䣹ࢡ࡜ᐃ⩏ࡉࢀࡿࡢࡀ୍⯡ⓗ࡛࠶
࡜ࣔࣀ࡜ࡢ㛫࡛䣍୍᪉࠿ࡽ௚᪉࡟ᣦ♧ࡀࡎࢀࡿ⌧㇟䣔䣍䣓⾲⌧㸿ࡀࣔࣀ㸿ࢆ䣕ᣦ
୐䣍஑ ᾏ㬆♫䣍ᅄ୕㡫䣍ᅄඵ㡫䥺
䣎
䣓
䥹⌧ᐇ䥺ୡ⏺ࡢ࡞࠿࡛㞄᥋㛵ಀ࡟࠶ࡿࣔࣀ
ࡿ䣎 䥹
䥺
ࡅࡿ䣓ᅜࡘ⚄䣔ࡢၥ㢟࡟ ఏ⤫ⓗ⾲⌧ἲࢆᇶ┙࡟ࡋ࡚㋃ࡳ㎸ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ࡜ゝ࠼
䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࡣᵝࠎ࡞Ⅼ࡛᪤Ꮡࡢࡶࡢࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡘࡘ┦ᑐ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ䣍䣕ᮾ
ࡿ䣓࡞ࡲ࡞ࡲࡋ࠸䣔ࡶࡢࡀ₯ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ࡜ぢࡿࡢࡀ㐺ษ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎
ࡴࡋࢁዟ῝࠸࡜ࡇࢁ࡛᭱ࡶᙉࡃఏ⤫ⓗ⾲⌧ἲࡢ᰿ᖿࢆḷ࠸䣍ࡑࡢጾຊࢆㆭ࠼
࡚ฟⓎࡋࡓ࠿ࡢᏊࡀࡑࡢせ⣲ࡢᅪෆ࡛䣕ᮾᾏ㐨஬༑୕ḟ䣖ࢆⓎ᝿ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ
ᯖ࡟㝈ࡽࡎḷᯖ඲⯡ࡣ⋤ᮅ࿴ḷࡢ⾲⌧ࢆᨭ࠼ࡿ㔜せ࡞せ⣲࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ḷே࡜ࡋ
17
䥺࠿ࡢᏊࡀኵ࡛࠶ࡿ୍ᖹ࠿ࡽ㈨ᩱᥦ౪ࢆཷࡅ࡚ᇳ➹ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡣᐑෆ῟Ꮚ䣍እᮧ
ᾏ㐨஬༑୕ḟ䣖ࢆᑐᴟ࡟⨨࠸ࡓ࡜ࡁ䣍㒔ࡢዪ⚄࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿࡶ࠺୍ேࡢዪ⚄ࢆ
ࡿ䣎ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ℩ᡞ㈼୍࡟ࡼࡿᐃ⩏ࢆᘬ⏝ࡋ࡚࠾ࡃ䥹䣕ㄆ㆑ࡢࣞࢺࣜ䣹ࢡ䣖୍஑஑
2
ࡋࡓ䣔ࡼ࠺࡟䣍㔜ᒙⓗ࢖࣓䤀ࢪࡢ୰ࡢ⋤ᮅᩥ໬ࡢ㇟ᚩ࡜࠸࠺㠃ࡀ䣓ḷேࡓࡕ
ᥥࡇ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ࡑࢀࡀ㝿❧ࡘ䣎䣓▱䣔ࡢ⥅ᢎࡸᩥ໬ࡢ⥅ᢎ࡟࠾
3
࠶ࡿ✀ࡢ༴࠺ࡉࢆࡶࡘࡇ࡜ࢆ༑ศ࡟ព㆑ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸䣎㧗Ⰻ␃⨾Ꮚࡣ䣍
ࡢఏ⤫࡟༶ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ୍᪉࡛䣍㞄᥋ᛶ࡟ࡼࡿㄆ㆑ἲࡢᙉᗘ࡬ࡢ㆙ᡄࢆࡶྵࡵ࡚䣍
ࢺ ᛶ ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ 㠃 ࠿ ࡽ ぢ ࡿ ྡ ᡤ ḷ ᯖ ࡸ ᮏ ḷ ྲྀ ࡾ ࡢ ᡭ ἲ ࡟ ㏻ ࡌ ࡿࡇ ࡜࡛ ᪥ ᮏ ᩥ Ꮫ
ྡᡤḷᯖࡸྐ㊧䣍ྂ඾ᩥᏛసရࡢᘬ⏝࡜࠸䣬ࡓ䣍᪉ἲⓗ࡟኱ኚ㏆࠸ᡭἲࢆ
16
4
18
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
294
࡜࡛䣍ࡦ࡜ࡘࡢ䣍࡞ࡲ࡞ࡲࡋ࠸ୡ⏺ࢆసࡾ࠶ࡆ࡚ࡋࡲ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎
࡜ࡣゝ䣬࡚ࡶ䣍࠿ࡢᏊࡢᑠㄝ࡟ࡣ䣍ࡶࡕࢁࢇ䣓ෆᐜ䣔ࡶ࠶ࡿ䣎
䥹୰␎䥺
ࢆ෽㥙ࡍࡿ࡯࡝ࡢᩥ໬ⓗ㑇⏘ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ୺ᙇࡍࡿ䣎ࡋ࠿ࡋ䣍࡝ࡕࡽ࡟ࡶ䣓ᅛ
ࡣ䣓ᮾୗࡾ䣔࡜ࡋ࡚ព㆑ࡉࢀࡿࡀ䣍䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࡣ䣓ࡇ䣬ࡕ䣔࡟ࡶ䣓࠶䣬ࡕ䣔
ࢸ䤀࣐ࢆㄽࡌࡓ࠸ே࡟ࡶ඘ศ䣍ᛂ࠼ᚓࡿ䣓ෆᐜ䣔࡟࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࡀ䣍ࡑ
ᐃ໬䣔ࢆ┠ᣦࡍ࡜࠸࠺ඹ㏻Ⅼࢆㄆࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ䣎
ࡀ඲య࡟⾜ࡁΏࡾ䣍㒔䥹ி㒔䥺ࡣ៿᠄ࡢᆅ࡛࠶ࡾᮾᅜ䥹㙊಴࣭Ụᡞ࣭ᮾி䥺
ࡇ࡟౯್ࢆ⨨ࡁࡍࡂࡿ࡜䣍࠿ࡢᏊࡢ䣓ᑠㄝ䣔ࢆぢኻ䣬࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࠾ࡑࢀࡀ࠶
ࡘࡲࡾ䣍䣓୍䣔࡜䣓஧䣔࡟࠾࠸࡚ᣦ᦬ࡋࡓ䣍᝟⥴ⓗ⾲⌧ᙧᘧࡸ⨾ព㆑ࡀ㢮
ࢆㄞࡴ࠿࡜࠸࠺ษ䣬᥃ࡅ࡜ࡋ࡚䣓Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱࠿ࡽ୚࠼ࡽࢀࡿ᝟ሗ䣔ࢆ࠶ࡆ࡚࠸
࡟ฟ఍࠺ࡲ࡛ࡢ⤒⦋࡟ከࡃࢆ๭࠸࡚࠾ࡾ䣍ࡑࡢෑ㢌㏆ࡃ࡛䣍࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᑠㄝ
ࡣ࡞ࡃ䣓ෆᐜ䣔ࡢᑠㄝ࡜࠸࠼ࡿ䣎ὠᓥࡣࡇࡢᣦ᦬࡟ඛ❧䣬࡚䣍࠿ࡢᏊࡢసရ
䣓ḷኌࢆࡦࡧ࠿ࡏ䣔࡚ࡣ࠸࡞࠸సရ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸䣎㏫࡟ゝ࠼ࡤ䣍䣓ᩥ❶䣔࡛
䣕ᮾᾏ㐨஬༑୕ḟ䣖࡜࠸࠺ᑠㄝࡣ䣍ẚ㍑ⓗ䣓࡞ࡲ࡞ࡲࡋ࠸ୡ⏺䣔࠿ࡽ㐲ࡃ䣍
࡟ᣢࡘࡇ࡜ࡣ୰➼ᩍ⫱ẁ㝵ࡢᩥᏛྐⓗ▱㆑࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠺࠼䣍ᐇ㝿
୚࠼ࡽࢀࡿ᝟ሗ䣔࡛࠸࠼ࡤ䣍㮆እࡢ䣕ᒣ᳡኱ኵ䣖ࡀᏳᑑ࡜པᏊ⋤ࡢヰࢆ඾ᣐ
୍ᵝᛶ࡬ࡢ␗㆟⏦ࡋ❧࡚ࡀ䣓པᏊ⋤䣔࡟ࡣ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠼ࡼ࠺䣎䣓Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱࠿ࡽ
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡢ฼⏝౯್ࡢ㧗ࡉ࡬ࡢㄆ㆑䣍ࡉࡽ࡟㢮ᆺ໬࡜ᶒጾ໬ࡀࡶࡓࡽࡍ
ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᶵ⬟ࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡑࢀࡀᗈ⠊࠿ࡘᙉᅛ࡞ᙳ㡪ຊࢆⓎ᥹
ෆ࡟ᢪ࠼㎸ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ䣓㢮ᆺ࡟㝗ࡾࡸࡍ࠸ഴྥ䣔ࡸྂ඾ᩥᏛࡸఏᢎࡢᘬ⏝ࡀ࡝
ࡿ䣎
ࡿ䣎ࡲࡓ䣍䣓⌮ᛶⓗ䣍࠿ࡘㄽ⌮ⓗ䣍࠿ࡘ♫఍ⓗ࡞⏘≀䣔࡛࠶ࡿ䣓ᩥᏛ䣔࡟࠾
࡟㮆እࡢసရࢆㄞࢇࡔࡇ࡜ࡀ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞⪅࡟࡜䣬࡚ࡶ䣍᳃㮆እ࡜࠸࠺ᩥᏛྐ
ᆺ ໬࡜ ᶒጾ ໬࡟ ᰿ᮏ ⓗ࡟ ῝ ࡃ 㛵 ୚ ࡍ ࡿ ⾲ ⌧ ᙧ ᘧ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ྡ ᡤ ḷ ᯖ ࡀ ᭱ ึ ࠿ ࡽ
࠸࡚䣍䣓ྂ඾ࡣู࡜ࡋ࡚䣍㏆௦ࡢዪᛶసᐙ䣔ࡣ㛗ࡽࡃ䣓⿵Ḟ䣔࡛࠶䣬ࡓࡇ࡜
ୖࡢྡࡣ䣓ᶒጾ䣔࡜ࡋ࡚኱ࡁ࡞ຊࢆࡶ䣬࡚ാࡃ䣎䣓ᶒጾ䣔࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ⮬ࡽ
ࡣ䣍䣓ࡇ䣬ࡕ䣔ࡶྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞ຊࢆࡶ䣬࡚䣓࠶䣬ࡕ䣔࡟᢬ᢠࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿጼໃ
䣬ࡕ䣔࡛ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡓఏᢎࡢᘬ⏝࡛⤊ࢃࡿ䣎䣓ዲࡁ࡞ࡢࡼ䣍ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ヰࡀ䣔࡟
಴ࢆྵࡴ䣓࠶䣬ࡕ䣔ࡀぢࡓ䣓ࡇ䣬ࡕ䣔ࡢࡑࢀࢆᘬ⏝ࡋࡘࡘ䣍᭱⤊ⓗ࡟ࡣ䣓ࡇ
ࡓ࡜ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞ຊࡢᵓ㐀ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡔࢁ࠺䣎ࡑࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࡣ㙊
ࡿ᝟ሗ䣔࡟ࡼ䣬࡚ᅛᐃ໬࣭ᶒጾ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡘࡲࡾ䣍ྡᡤḷᯖࡢᙧᡂ࡟ാ࠸
㒔䥹ி㒔䥺ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡓୡ⏺࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡑࢀࡣ䣓Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱࠿ࡽ୚࠼ࡽࢀ
஬༑୕ḟ䣖࡟ᘬ⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿྂ඾ᩥᏛࡸఏᢎ䣍ྡᡤḷᯖࡸྐ㊧ࡣᙜ↛࡞ࡀࡽ
ࡀ䣔࡜࠶ࡿࡢࡣ䣍
䣓࠶䣬ࡕ䣔࡛ࡣྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ䣎
䣕ᮾᾏ㐨
ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿䣎䣓ࡇ䣬ࡕࡢඛ⏕࡞ࢇ࠿ࡶ䣍ዲࡁ࡞ࡢࡼ䣍ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ヰ
࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡟䣍㞷ᯞࡀ㡪࠿ࡏࡿ䣓ዪ⚄䣔ࡢḷኌࡣ䣍ᐙ᪘࡟ࡍࡽ䣓㨣䣔࡜ࡉࢀࡓ
ࡢ୰࡟⌧௦࡟࠾ࡅࡿ䣓ࡇࢃࡉ䣔ࢆᥥ࠸ࡓ㐃స㞟ࡔࡀ䣍ᒾᮌᒣ࡟ࡣ㨣ࡢఏᢎࡀ
ᩥⱁᩥᗜ∧࡟௜ࡉࢀࡓ䣓ⴭ⪅࠿ࡽㄞ⪅࡬䣔࡟࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡟䣍ே࡜ே࡜ࡢฟ఍࠸
ࡀ䣓ዪ⚄䣔ࡢኌ࡜ࡋ࡚㡪ࡃ䣎䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࢆ཰㘓ࡍࡿ䣕㐂㨱≀ㄒ䣖ࡣ䣍ㅮㄯ♫
఍ⓗ࡞≧ἣࡶ⣲㏻ࡾ䣔ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡃ䣍Ᏻᑑ࡜࠸࠺䣓࠶ࡿ୍ேࡢዪᛶࡢḷኌ䣔
࡟ᑐࡍࡿᣮᡓ࡜࡜ࡽ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࡛ࡁࡿ䣎
䣓པᏊ⋤䣔࡛ࡣ䣍
䣓ᐈほⓗ࡞㢼ᬒࡶ♫
≧ἣࡶ⣲㏻ࡾࡋ࡚䣍࠶ࡿ୍ேࡢዪᛶࡢḷኌࢆࡦࡧ࠿ࡏࡘ࡙ࡅࡿ䣔ᒸᮏ࠿ࡢᏊ
ࡀゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓᐃ⩏䣔ࢆ䣓ࡳࡈ࡜࡟࠺ࡽࡂ䣬࡚䣔
䣍
䣓ᐈほⓗ࡞㢼ᬒࡶ♫఍ⓗ࡞
໬ࡍࡿどⅬࢆ䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࡣᥦ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ䣎ᑠㄝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚䣓⚾⮬㌟
ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ䣓㢮ᆺ࡟㝗ࡾࡸࡍ࠸ഴྥ䣔࡟↓⮬ぬ࡛࠶ࡿ⪅࡟ࡑࡢ䣓㢮ᆺ䣔ࢆ┦ᑐ
ពᅗࡋ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶ࿘ᅖ࡟ࡼ䣬࡚䣓ᶒጾ䣔ࡣసࡾฟࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡔ࠿ࡽ䣍
ࡀ࠶ࡿ䣎䣕ᮾᾏ㐨஬༑୕ḟ䣖࡛ࡣ㒔䥹ி㒔䥺ࡘࡲࡾ䣓࠶䣬ࡕ䣔ࡢᩥ໬ⓗᶒጾ
ࡑࡢ䣓᝟ሗ䣔࡟ࡣ䣍ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ㞷ᯞࡀㄒࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᮾ໭ࡢṔྐࡣ࡝ࡢ⛬ᗘ࡟ྵ
ࢆᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎
295
˱⅝ஙↄ↷≝‫ޢ‬ஜⅺ↝‫܇‬ⅤிෙᢊʞҗɤഏⅥ↗඾޽˲‫܇‬Ⅴӂ‫ྛ܇‬Ⅵ⃬⃬Ⅰജ்Ⅱႎࣱ఍⇁ᙻࡈ↚
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
࡜པᏊ⋤ࡢఏㄝࡢ୰࡟จᅛࡋࡓ୍ᛕࡀࡶࡓࡽࡍᜍᛧࢆぢฟࡋ䣍ጜ࡜ᘵ࡜࠸࠺
ヰ䣔࡛䣓ே࡜ே࡜ࡢฟ఍࠸ࡢ࡞࠿࡟࠶ࡿࡇࢃࡉ䣔ࢆᥥ࠸ࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎Ᏻᑑ
࡛䣍ὠᓥࡣㅮㄯ♫ᩥⱁᩥᗜ∧࡟ᐤࡏࡓ⮬సゎㄝ䣓ⴭ⪅࠿ࡽㄞ⪅࡬ ࠾ࡤࡅࡢ
䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࢆྵࡴ䣕㐂㨱≀ㄒ䣖ࡣ⌧௦࡟࠾ࡅࡿ䣓࠾ࡤࡅヰ䣔ࢆᥥ࠸ࡓ㐃స㞟
ᛕࢆᢪࡃጜࡣᘵ࡟࡜䣬࡚䣍ࡑࡋ࡚ᐙ᪘࡟࡜䣬࡚䣍ᜍᛧࡢᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎
ࡽࡍࡶࡢ࡜࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡀ䣍⨾⣖Ꮚࡢẕࡢࡈ࡜ࡃ䣍㞷ᯞࡢࡈ࡜ࡃ䣍จᅛࡋࡓ୍
ㄝ⤒䣓ࡉࢇࡏ࠺ኴኵ䣔࡛ࡣே㈙࠸ࡸኴኵ࡟ࡼࡿⱔⅯ࡞௙ᡴࡕࡀᛧࡉࢆࡶࡓ
Ꮚ⋤䣔Ⓨ⾲᫬࡟ࡣᗈࡃࡣ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡛࠶ࢁ࠺䣎
㍍ࡢ࢖ࢱࢥࡀఏ࠼࡚ࡁࡓ䣔Ᏻᑑ࡜པᏊ⋤ࡣ䣍᫛࿴஬஑䥹୍஑ඵᅄ䥺ᖺࡢ䣓པ
࠸ࡑࢀࡽ࡜␗࡞ࡾ䣍
䣓ᆏୖ⏣ᮧ㯞࿅ࡢ᫬࡟㝆అࡋࡓ࢚࣑ࢩ䣔ࡢ䣓࢜ࢧ䣔ࡸ䣓ὠ
ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ྡᡤḷᯖࢆᨭ࠼࡚ࡁࡓࡢ࡜ྠࡌຊࡀാ࠸࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡳ࡚ࡼ
஧ேࡢཱྀ࠿ࡽฟࡓⰸⷀࡢྃࡢࡼ࠺࡟䣍㛵㐃ࡍࡿྂ඾సရࡢከࡃࡣࡣࡼࡃ▱ࡽ
ࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎㔠Ⰽᇽࡸ⾰ᕝࢆࡣࡌࡵ࡜ࡍࡿྡᡤᪧ㊧䣍ḷᯖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ㛵ᡤ䣍
ࢀ䣍ࡑࢀࡽ࡟ࡣᐇ㝿࡟┠࡟ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡢ࡞࠸⪅࡛ࡶ▱㆑࡜ࡋ࡚▱䣬࡚࠸ࡿෆᐜ
᪑ ࡜࡛ ྡ ᡤ ḷ ᯖ ࢆ ྵ ࡴ ᮾ ໭ ྛ ᆅ ࡜ ࡑ ࡢ ᆅ ࡟ ࡲ ࡘ ࢃ ࡿ ≀ ㄒ ࡸ ఏ ᢎ ࡀ ⧊ ࡾ ㎸ ࡲ
ே ⏕ ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ฟ ఍ ࠸ ࡢ 㛵 ಀࢆ ୰ ᚰ ࡟ ᤣ ࠼ ࡚ ⌧ ௦ ࡟ ࡘ ࡞ ࡀ ࡿ ᜍ ᛧࢆ ぢ ฟ ࡋ ࡓ
࠶ࡿ䣎ㄝ⤒䣓ࡉࢇࡏ࠺ኴኵ䣔࡛䣍པᏊ⋤ࡀኴኵࡢୗࢆ㏨ࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ䣍ᅜ
ࡿ࡞ࡽ䣍䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࡀᮾ໭ࡢྡᡤྐ㊧᱌ෆࡢᵝ┦ࢆᣢࡘࡢࡣᚲ↛ⓗ࡞ࡇ࡜࡛
࠾ࡅࡿ㒔࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡸ࠶ࡾ࠼ࡓ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸䣓⊂❧ࡋࡓᅜ䣔ࡢክ࡟ࡲ࡛ᣑ኱ࡍ
㓄 ࡜ ᚑ ᒓ ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ ࡑ ࡢ 㛵 ಀ ࠿ ࡽ ࡢ ⬺ ฟ 㢪 ᮃࢆ 㞷 ᯞ ࡀ ㄒ ࡿ ࡼ ࠺ ࡞ ᮾ ໭ ࡢ Ṕ ྐ ࡟
ྎ࡜࡞ࡿ䣎Ᏻᑑ࡜པᏊ⋤ࡢ≀ㄒ࡟ࡣ㝣ዟ࡜㒔࡜ࡢṔྐⓗ㛵ಀࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜䣍ᨭ
㝈ࡾ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᮾ໭ࡢኴᖹὒഃ࠿ࡽ᪥ᮏᾏഃ䣍㐲ࡃ୹ᚋ࡟ࡲ࡛ᗈࡀࡿሙᡤࡀ⯙
ࡢࡀ䣓པᏊ⋤䣔࡛࠶ࢁ࠺䣎ࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࡢ୍ᛕࡣ䣍Ᏻᑑ࡜པᏊ⋤ࢆᇶᮏᙧ࡜ࡍࡿ
࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࠿䣎㞷ᯞࡢㄒࡿ≀ㄒࡣ⨾⣖Ꮚࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎ䣓པᏊ⋤䣔
ࡶࡑࡢ䣓ᶒጾ࠶ࡿࣔࣀ䣔ࢆ┦ᑐ໬ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞䣓᝟⥴ⓗ࢖࣓䤀ࢪ䣔ࢆసࡾฟࡑ
ࡼ࠸䣎
䣓པᏊ⋤䣔࡜ࡣ䣍
䣓ᶒጾ࠶ࡿࣔࣀ࡟౫Ꮡࡋ࡚Ⓨ᝿ࡍࡿࡇ࡜䣔࡟౫ࡾࡘࡘ
ࡢヰ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍ࡉࡽ࡟ࡣ䣍ࡑࢀ࡟㢟ᮦࢆᚓࡓ᳃㮆እࡢ䣕ᒣ᳡኱ኵ䣖ࢆຍ࠼࡚ࡶ
ࢁ࠺䣎ࡇࡇ࡟࠸࠺䣓ᶒጾ࠶ࡿࣔࣀ䣔࡜ࡣ䣍୍⯡࡟ὶᕸࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᏳᑑ࡜པᏊ⋤
ྠࡌ୍ࡘࡢࢸࢡࢫࢺෆ࡟⨨࠿ࢀࡓ࡜ࡁ䣍๓⪅࡟ࡼ䣬࡚ᚋ⪅ࡣ┦ᑐ໬ࡉࢀࡿࡔ
౫Ꮡࡋ࡚Ⓨ᝿䣔ࡋࡓ䣓᝟⥴ⓗ࢖࣓䤀ࢪ䣔ࡀ⏕ࢇ࡛ࡁࡓྂ඾ⓗ࡞ᩥ໬㑇⏘࡜ࡀ
ࡋ࠿ࡋ䣍ᗈ࠸⠊ᅖ୍࡛⯡ⓗ࡟▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡑࢀࡽ࡜䣍䣓ᶒጾ࠶ࡿࣔࣀ࡟
ศᑎࡸኳ⋤ᑎࡢຊ䣍ᱵὠ㝔࡜࠸࠺㈗᪘ࡢຊ࡟ࡼ䣬࡚ඖࡢ㌟ศࢆᅇ᚟ࡋࡓࡢࡳ
ࡢㄞ⪅࡟ࡶඹ᭷ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡃ䣎ࡑࡢ᫬䣍䣓ᶒጾ࠶ࡿࣔࣀ࡟౫Ꮡࡋ࡚Ⓨ᝿䣔ࡋࡓ
࡞ࡽࡎẕ࡜ࡢ෌఍ࢆᯝࡓࡋ䣍ኴኵ࡬ࡢ⃭Ⅿ࡞᚟ㆶࢆ㐙ࡆࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡢࡣ䣍
䥺
䣓᝟⥴ⓗ࢖࣓䤀ࢪ䣔ࡀ᪂ࡓ࡟๰ࡾฟࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎
࡜ࡇࢁ࡛࠿ࡢᏊࡢᩥᏛ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚䣍ὠᓥࡣ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡟㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 䥹
ጜ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ Ᏻ ᑑ ࡢ ⮬ ᕫ ≛ ≅ ࡜ ኳ ⋤ ᑎ ࡟ ௦ ⾲ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ⚄ ௖ ࡢ ຊ ࡟ ࡼ 䣬࡚ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡜
ࡍࡿ࡞ࡽ䣍䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࡣࡑࢀ࡬ࡢ␗㆟ࢆồࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎Ᏻᑑ࡜པᏊ⋤ࡣ⚄௖࡟
ຓࡅࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ䣍ᏳᑑࡶཔᏊ⋤ࡶ⮬ࡽࡀ⚄࡟࡞ࡿ䣎ᒾᇛุᐁ୍᪘ࡢ෌
⯆ࡢክࡣᮾ໭࡜࠸࠺䣓⊂❧ࡋࡓᅜ䣔࡬ࡢክ࡜࡞ࡾ䣍ࡑࡢክࢆ⢭⚄ⓗ࡟ᨭ࠼ࡿ
15
♫఍ⓗ࡞≧ἣࡶ⣲㏻ࡾࡋ࡚䣍࠶ࡿ୍ேࡢዪᛶࡢḷኌࢆࡦࡧ࠿ࡏࡘ࡙ࡅࡿࡇ
ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣍࡜࠸䣬ࡓ⪃࠼ࢆ䣍ᒸᮏ࠿ࡢᏊࡢᑠㄝࡣ↓どࡋ䣍ᐈほⓗ࡞㢼ᬒࡶ
ࡓ䣎ᑠㄝ࡜ࡣ䣍࡝ࢇ࡞ࡇ࡜ࡀᥥ࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿䣍ࡑࡢࢸ䤀࣐࡟ࡼ䣬࡚ᨭ࠼ࡽ
⚾⮬㌟ࡀゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓᐃ⩏ࢆ䣍ᒸᮏ࠿ࡢᏊࡢᩥ❶ࡣࡳࡈ࡜࡟࠺ࡽࡂ䣬࡚࠸
ᑠㄝࡢᩥ❶ࡣ䣍ᩓᩥ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍ᩓᩥࡢᮏ㉁ࡣㄽ⌮࡛࠶ࡾ䣍ᐈほ࡛࠶ࡿ䣍࡜
䣓པᏊ⋤䣔࡛ࡣ▷኱᫬௦ࡢ஧ே᪑࡜∗ぶࡢᨾ㒓ὠ㍍ࢆゼࡡࡿ⨾⣖Ꮚࡢ୍ே
஬
ࡢࡀᏳᑑ࡜࠸࠺䣓ጜ࡞ࡿᏑᅾ䣔࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎
296
ࡿᨭ࠼࡜࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ䣎Ṛ⪅࡛࠶ࡿ∗ぶࡢゝⴥࡀ࢖ࢱࢥ࡟ࡼ䣬࡚
ඹ᭷࡜☜ㄆ࡟ࡼ䣬࡚ᙉᅛ࡟⧅ࡀࡿᏑᅾ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍☜ಙ࡛ࡁࡿࡑࡢ⧅ࡀࡾࡀ⏕ࡁ
ࡓࡢ࡛䣍ࡑࡢሙྜࡣ䣍ᅄᖺไ኱Ꮫ࡟⦅ධࡋ࡚᐀ᩍࢆᏛࡧࡓ࠸࡜࠸࠺㢪࠸ࢆ㜼
࠸࠺ࡀ䣓⌧ᐇࡢ⮬ศࢆ㔜ࡡࡿࡓࡵ࡟䣔୍⯡࡟ὶᕸࡍࡿヰࡢ᪉ࡶཷࡅධࢀ࡚࠸
㞷ᯞࡣ䣓ᚰ᝟ⓗ࡟ࡣᒾᮌᒣࡢᏳᑑࡢヰࡢ᪉ࡀẼ࡟ධ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ࡔ䣬ࡓ䣔࡜
ࡢୗ࡟ṧࡉࢀ࡚䣓ẕ࡜Ᏻᑑ࡜ࡢ෌఍ࢆ㢪䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡔࡅࡢᏑᅾ䣔࡛ࡋ࠿࡞࠸䣎
࿧ࡧฟࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟䣍䣓པᏊ⋤䣔࡛ࡣ䣍Ṛ⪅㐩ࡢᛮ࠸ࡀᅵᆅࡢఏᢎ䣍Ṕྐ࡜
ࡴ∗ぶࡀᒣ᳡኱ኵ࡟ᨃࡏࡽࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺䣎
㞷ᯞࡀᚭ࡟ㄒ䣬ࡓᒾᮌᒣࡢᏳᑑ࡜པᏊ⋤ࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ෆᐜ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎
ࡽ䣍ࡇࡢᏳᑑ࡟⮬ศࡢ㌟ࢆクࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣔
䣍
䣓⑓Ẽ࡛ⱞࡋࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ≧
ࡿ㒊ศࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ᚭࡣᴫせࢆ⤂௓ࡋ࡚䣍䣓ጜࡣࡇࡢ஧ᖺ䣍⑓ᗋ࡟࠸࡞ࡀ
⣬࡟᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣓࠶࡞ࡓࡣᏳᑑ࡜པᏊ⋤ࡢヰࡣࡈᏑ▱࡛ࡋ䣯࠺ࡡ䣔࡟ጞࡲ
୍⯡࡟ὶᕸࡋࡓࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᩥ໬ⓗ㑇⏘࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿఏᢎ䣍ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ䣍ᚭࡢᡭ
ࡢ୍⠇ࡣ䣍⾰ᕝࡢྂᡓሙ࡛஧ேࡀ᝿㉳ࡋࡓⰸⷀࡢ୍ྃ࡟㏻ࡌࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎
⣖Ꮚࡢ▷኱᫬௦ࡢ෗┿ࢆ㑇ရࡢ୰࡟ぢ࡚௨᮶䣍ᚭࡢ㢌࠿ࡽ㞳ࢀ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ
ㄝࡀຍ࠼ࡽࢀ䣍ࡑࢀ࡟ࡼ䣬࡚⨾⣖Ꮚ࡟ࡑࡋ࡚ㄞ⪅࡟ࡶఏ࠼ࡽࢀࡿ䣎㞷ᯞ࡜⨾
ᮅࡀึࡵ࡚ᖹἨ࡟ධ䣬ࡓ᫬ࡢᵝᏊࢆᥥ࠸ࡓ㒊ศ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ᘬ⏝࡟⥆ࡅ࡚ᚭࡢゎ
ࣝࡀཔᏊ⋤࡛࠶ࡾ䣍♳ࡾࡢẼᣢࡕࡣᏳᑑ࡟ྥࡅࡽࢀ⥆ࡅ࡚ࡁࡓ䣎ࡑࡢࡼ࠺
த࡟ࡲ࡛䣍ཎఫẸࡢᛮ࠸ࡣఏࢃࡾ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࡀ䣍ࡑࡢᛮ࠸ࡢࢩࣥ࣎
䥹୰␎䥺ᆏୖ⏣ᮧ㯞࿅௨᮶䣍⩏ᐙࡸ㢗ᮅ䣍ᯝ࡚ࡣᯇ๓⸬࡟ࡶᩋࢀ䣍ᠾ㎮ᡓ
ࡽ ࡞ ࠸ ࡶ ࡢ ࠿ ࡜ 㢪 䣬 ࡚ ࠸ ࡓ ࢚ ࣑ ࢩ ࡢ ᛮ ࠸ ࡀ ᜥ ࢆ ྿ ࡁ ㎸ ࢇ ࡔ ጼ ࡞ ࡢ࡛ ࡍ 䣎
࡛࠶䣬ࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎䥹୰␎䥺ᘵࡢཔᏊ⋤ࡣ䣍෌ࡧ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢ᫬௦ࡀ⸽
ࢩ࡜࿧ࡤࢀ࡚࠸ࡓཎఫẸ࡟㐪࠸࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎ጜࡣ䣍Ᏻᑑ࡜ࡣ࢚࣑ࢩࡢዪ⚄
ࡣ࠾࠾ࡦ࡜ࡢఏㄝࡀከࡃṧ䣬࡚࠸࡚䣍࠾࠾ࡦ࡜࡜ゝ࠺ࡢࡣ䣍࠸ࢃࡺࡿ࢚࣑
㏣ᨺࡉࢀ⥆ࡅࡓ࢚࣑ࢩࡢヰ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ䣍࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡋࡓ䣎☜࠿࡟ᒾᮌᒣ࡟
Ᏻᑑ࡜པᏊ⋤ࡢヰࡣ኱ኚྂࡃ࠿ࡽ࠶ࡿヰ࡛䣍ࡋ࠿ࡶྂ௦࠿ࡽᚁ᭹ࡉࢀ䣍
ែ࡜Ᏻᑑࡢⱞࡋࡳࢆጜࡣ㔜ࡡྜࢃࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿䣍࡜⚾ࡣ䣍Ᏻᑑ࡜ࡣ⮬
࡟ጜࡣಙࡌࡲࡋࡓ䣎
Ꮚ⋤࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍ䣔࡜⥆ࡅࡓᚋ䣍䣓ᒾᮌᒣࡢࡈ⚄యࡀᏳᑑጲ࡞ࡢࡔ
䥺 ᯞ
ࡑ ࠺ ࡛ ࡍ 䣔 ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ 䣓 ὠ ㍍ ࡢ ࢖ ࢱ ࢥ ࡀ ఏ ࠼ ࡚ ࡁ ࡓヰ 䣔ࢆ ᭩ ࠸ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ䣎 䥹 㞷
ぶࡢୗࢆ㏨ࢀࡓᏳᑑࡣᨺᾉࡢᮎ࡟ẕ࡜෌఍ࡋ䣍ᒾᮌᒣࡢᒣ⚄ࡢࡈ฼┈࡛ẕぶ
⦕ࡉࢀ࡚Ἵࡁࡍࡂࡓ࠶ࡲࡾ┣┠࡜࡞䣬࡚㫽㏣࠸࡟࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎∗
࠺࡜ࡇࢁ䣔ࡀ࠶ࡿ䣎Ᏻᑑࡣ୙⩏ࡢᏊ࠿࡜␲ࢃࢀ࡚∗ぶ࡟⹢ᚅࡉࢀ䣍ẕぶࡣ㞳
ࡓ䣔࡜࠸࠺ὠ㍍ࡢᏳᑑ࡜པᏊ⋤ࡢヰࡣ䣍
䣓୍⯡࡟▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿヰ࡜ࡣከᑡ㐪
ࡀ䣓࠶ࡿᮏ࡛▱䣬࡚䣍௨᮶䣍Ᏻᑑ࡜པᏊ⋤ࡢୡ⏺࡟῝ࡃᇳ╔ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞䣬
࢖ࢱࢥࡀఏ࠼࡚ࡁࡓ䣔࡜࠸࠺䣓ࡉࢇࡏ࠺ኴኵ䣔࡛࠶ࡿ䣎
㒔ࢆ┠ᣦࡍㄝ⤒䣓ࡉࢇࡏ࠺ኴኵ䣔࡟ᑐࡋ࡚┿䣬ྥ࠿ࡽᑐᓖࡍࡿࡢࡀ䣓ὠ㍍ࡢ
㜰ࡔ࠿䣔ࡢゝⴥࢆヰࡍዪᏊᏛ⏕࡜ࡀᑐẚⓗ࡟⨨࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟␃ពࡋࡼ࠺䣎
䣓ࡉࢇࡏ࠺ኴኵ䣔ࢆ┦ᑐ໬ࡋᚓࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎࢖ࢱࢥࡢࡇ࡜࡜䣓ி㒔ࡔ࠿኱
ఏ࠼࡚ࡁࡓ䣔Ᏻᑑ࡜པᏊ⋤ࡢヰࡇࡑࡀ䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࢆ᰿ᗏ࡛ᨭ࠼䣍ࡑࡋ࡚ㄝ⤒
ࢀ⥆ࡅࡿ䣍࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀ䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࡢᇶᮏᵓᅗ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ䣍䣓ὠ㍍ࡢ࢖ࢱࢥࡀ
14
ࡢ┠ࡀ㛤ࡁ䣍
䣓Ᏻᑑࡣᒾᮌᒣ࡟䣍པᏊ⋤ࡣᐩኈᒣ࡟⚍ࡽࢀࡿ䣔
䣎པᏊ⋤ࡣ∗ぶ
ㄝ⤒䣓ࡉࢇࡏ࠺ኴኵ䣔ࡢᏳᑑ࡜པᏊ⋤࡟࠶ࡿጜᘵ㛵ಀࡣኚᐜࡋࡘࡘ෌⏕ࡉ
ศࡢࡇ࡜ࡔ䣍࡜࠸࠺ጜࡢゝⴥࢆཷࡅṆࡵ࡚䣔
䣍
䣓ጜࡀᏳᑑࡔ࡜ࡍࡿ࡜䣍⚾ࡣཔ
ࡿ䣎※㢗ᮅ࡟ࡼ䣬࡚ᨷࡵࡽࢀࡓ⸨ཎὈ⾮ࡀⅆࢆᨺ䣬࡚㏨ࡆཤࡾ䣍ࡑࡢᚋ࡟㢗
㞷ᯞࡢṚࢆఏ࠼ࡿᚭࡢᡭ⣬ࡣ䣕࿃ጔ㙾䣖࡟࠶ࡿ୍⠇ࡢᘬ⏝࠿ࡽጞࡲ䣬࡚࠸
࡞䣬࡚䣍ᘵࡢຊࢆᨭ࠼࡟㞷ᯞࡢཱྀ࠿ࡽ࿧ࡧฟࡉࢀࡿࡢࡔ䣎
Ꮚ⋤䣔࡟࠾࠸࡚䣍䣓ⱝ࠸⏨䣔ࡘࡲࡾ㟷ᖺ䣍ᘵⓗ࡞ࡿᏑᅾ࡜ࡣ䣍㐣ཤࡢグ᠈ࡢ
297
˱⅝ஙↄ↷≝‫ޢ‬ஜⅺ↝‫܇‬ⅤிෙᢊʞҗɤഏⅥ↗඾޽˲‫܇‬Ⅴӂ‫ྛ܇‬Ⅵ⃬⃬Ⅰജ்Ⅱႎࣱ఍⇁ᙻࡈ↚
࠸䣎
ࡔ䣬ࡓࡀ䣍ᚭ࡟ࡍࢀࡤ⪺ࡁᙺ࡟ᚭࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡋ࠿ᑐᛂ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࡟㐪࠸࡞
ࡶࡽ࠸ࡓࡃ࡚䣍ヰࡋࡓࡇ࡜䣔࡛䣍䣓ᚭࡋ࠿䣍ヰࡋ࡚࠾ࡃ┦ᡭࡣ࠸࡞࠸䣔ࡶࡢ
࡜┤᥋఍䣬ࡓ⨾⣖Ꮚࡀヰࡋࡓ㞷ᯞ࡜ࡢᮾ໭᪑⾜ࡢෆᐜࡣ䣓ᚭ࡟⪺࠸࡚࠾࠸࡚
᠜࠿ࡋࡴ࡜࠸࠺ࡼࡾ䣍⨾⣖Ꮚࡢᘵ࡟࠶ࡓࡿ㉥ࢇᆓࡀ⏕ࡲࢀ࡚࡯࡝࡞ࡃṚࢇࡔ
࡯࡝࡟䣍ࡸࡸ␗ᖖ࡟ぢ࠼ࡿぶᐦࡉࡔ䣬ࡓ䣎Ṛࢇࡔኵ࡟ᑐࡍࡿࡇࡢẕࡢឤ᝟ࡣ䣍
㡭ࡢヰ࡟⇕୰ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ䣔࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛䣍ፉࡢ⨾⣖Ꮚࡀ⊋⊌࠼ࡎ࡟࠸ࡽࢀ࡞࠸
ࡇࡢጜᘵ㛵ಀࡣ䣍఍࠼ࡤ䣓ኪࢆ᫂࠿ࡍໃ࠸࡛䣍ẖᬌ䣍஧ேࡀᏊ࡝ࡶࡔ䣬ࡓ
㤿ࡢヰࡸᏳᑑ࡜པᏊ⋤ࡢヰࢆࡋ࡚ࡸࡿࡢࡶᝏࡃࡣ࡞࠸䣔࡜ᛮ࠺㟷ᖺ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀ
࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠿䣬ࡓࢇࡔ࠿ࡽࡡ䣔࡜ㄒ䣬࡚䣍ፉ࡟࡜䣬࡚ࡢ∗ࡢᏑᅾࢆྰᐃ
ࡀ࠸࠸ࡢࢆࡡࡓࡴࡔࡅ࡛䣍࠶ࡢேࡀ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ㛫ࡣ䣍࠾࠿ࡆ࡛ࡇࡑࡇࡑ఍ࢃ
࡜ࡁࡢኵࡢゝື࡬ࡢᛣࡾ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡑࢀ࡝ࡇࢁ࠿䣍ፉࡢ⨾⣖Ꮚ࡟䣓ࡇ䣬ࡕࡢ௰
ࡿ䣎⨾⣖Ꮚࡣ㟁ヰ࡛ࡶ┤᥋఍䣬ࡓ᫬࡛ࡶᚭࡀጜ࡟ᐤࡏࡿ䣓ᘵࡢឤ᝟࡜࠸࠺ࡶ
ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡽࡍࡿ䣎
ᚭࡣ䣍⨾⣖Ꮚࡀ䣓ࡇࡕࡽࡶ୰ᑛᑎ࡟㟷ᖺࢆ㐃ࢀ࡚⾜ࡁ䣍▱䣬ࡓ࠿ࡪࡾ࡛䣍
ࡢ䣔࡟䣓ᅽಽࡉࢀ⥆ࡅ࡚䣔࠸ࡓࡀ䣍⤖ᮎ㏆ࡃ࡛Ⓩሙࡍࡿ㟷ᖺࡶࡲࡓ䣍ࡸࡀ࡚
ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ✵㛫ⓗ㊥㞳ࢆ࡜ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡋ䣍ࡑࢀࡣ᪥ᖖ⏕ά࡛ᖖែ໬ࡍࡿ⢭
ጜ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟స䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ጜ࡜ࡣ⡆༢࡟ࡣ఍࠼࡞࠸࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔࡟ఫࡳ⥆ࡅ
ࡢሙྜࡶྠࡌ࠶ࡿࡀ䣍ࡇࡕࡽࡢ᪉ࡢᘵࡣ⢭⚄ⓗⱞ③࡜ࡲ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸㊥㞳ࢆ
ࡣགྷ௓࡞ࡇ࡜࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࡣᥥ࠸࡚࠸ࡿ䣎⨾⣖Ꮚࡢẕ࡜ࡑࡢᘵ
⢭ ⚄ ⓗ ࡟ ␗ ᖖ ࡞ ࡯ ࡝ ࡟ ࡲ ࡛ จ ᅛ ࡋ ࡓ ᙉ ࠸ ୍ ᛕࢆ ᢪ ࡃ ጜ ࡢ Ꮡ ᅾ ࡣ ᘵ ࡟ ࡜ 䣬࡚
䣓ᘵࡢឤ᝟࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ䣔࡟ࡼ䣬࡚⨾⣖Ꮚ࡟᣺ࡾᅇࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺䣎
ࡶ䣍㞷ᯞ࡜ᚭࡶྠࡌ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍
䣓୰ᑛᑎ࡟㟷ᖺࢆ㐃ࢀ࡚⾜ࡁ䣍▱䣬ࡓ࠿ࡪࡾ࡛䣍
ࡎ࡟࡛ࡁࡓࡢࡣඹ᭷ࡍࡿ㐣ཤࡢグ᠈ࡀ࠶䣬ࡓ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎⨾⣖Ꮚࡢẕ࡜ུ∗
∗ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ᒾ ᇛุ ᐁ ࡢ ྡ㄃ ᅇ᚟ ࡸ ⏕ ࡁ ู ࢀ ࡓ ẕ ࡜ ࡢ෌ ఍ ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ ┠ ⓗ ࢆ ぢ ኻࢃ
䣓ࡉࢇࡏ࠺ኴኵ䣔ࡢᏳᑑ࡜པᏊ⋤࡟ࡶぢࡽࢀࡓ䣎஧ேࡀ㎞࠸᪥ࠎࢆ⪏࠼࡚䣍
࡞࠶ࡾ᪉ࡣ䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࡢጜᘵ㛵ಀ࡟ඹ㏻ࡍࡿ㢧ⴭ࡞≉ᚩ࡛䣍ࡑࡶࡑࡶ䣍ㄝ⤒
⧅ࡀࡾࢆᙉᅛ࡟ಖ࡜࠺࡜ࡍࡿࡢࡀẕ࡟࡜䣬࡚ࡢᘵ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡇࡢࡼ࠺
㞃ࢀ࡚఍࠸䣍Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡢ㡭ࢆᅇ᝿ࡋ࡚஫࠸࡟㐣ཤࡢグ᠈ࢆ☜ㄆࡋྜ࠺ࡇ࡜࡛
⚄ⓗⱞ③ࢆ㑊ࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ䣎ࡑࡋ࡚䣍఍䣬ࡓ᫬ࡔࡅᏊ࡝ࡶ᫬௦࡟㑏䣬
㤿ࡢヰࡸᏳᑑ࡜པᏊ⋤ࡢヰࢆࡋ࡚ࡸࡿࡢࡶᝏࡃࡣ࡞࠸䣔࡜⪃࠼ࡿ⨾⣖Ꮚࡣ䣍
ࡲࡋ࡚䣍࠶ࢇࡓࡓࡕࡔ䣬ࡓࡽࡦ࡜ࡘࡋ࠿㐪ࢃ࡞ࡃ࡚䣍ࡶ࠺཮Ꮚࡳࡓ࠸࡞
䣓ⱝ࠸⏨䣔ࡢᮾ໭࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢゎㄝࡀዎᶵ࡟࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡇࡢ䣓ⱝ࠸⏨䣔ࡣ䣍
ษ࡟⪺ࡁࡓࡃ䣔ᛮ࠺ࡢࡣ䣍୍ே࡛㟷᳃ࢆ᪑⾜ࡋ࡚ᜍᒣࢆゼࢀࡓ᫬࡟⪥࡟ࡋࡓ
ឤࡌࡔ䣬ࡓࢇࡔ䣎࠶ࡓࡋࡶ䣍ᘵ࡟࡝ࢀࡔࡅຓࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢃ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸ࡶ
䣓ி㒔ࡔ࠿኱㜰ࡔ࠿䣔ࡢゝⴥࢆヰࡍዪᏊᏛ⏕ࡽࡋ࠸஧ே㐃ࢀ࡟䣓࢜ࢩࣛᵝ䣬
ࡢ䣎ᘵ䣬࡚࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡣᑠࡉ࡞㡭䣍ྍឡࡀ䣬࡚࠸ࡓศࢆ䣍኱ࡁࡃ࡞䣬࡚࠿ࡽ
࡚࠸࠺᱓ࡢᮌࡢேᙧࢆᣢ䣬࡚䣍㋀ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽ䣍㤿࡜࠾ጲᵝࡢᜊ≀ㄒࢆḷ䣬ࡓ䣔
࡜࠿ࡽ䣍∗ࡢᏑᅾࢆ㐲ࡃឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡓ⨾⣖Ꮚࡀ䣓∗ぶࡢ࠶ࡢୡ࠿ࡽࡢゝⴥࢆ③
ࡢ㛵ಀ࡜┦ఝᙧ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺䣎ᗂ᫬࡟∗ࢆஸࡃࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡸẕぶࡀኵࢆ㠀㞴ࡍࡿࡇ
Ꮚࡀࡇࡢ㟷ᖺ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ㞃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ䣍ẕࡀㄒࡿ䣍ኵ࡜⮬ศࡢᘵࡢ୕⪅
㟷ᖺ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟グ᠈ࢆඹ᭷ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛Ᏻᑑ࡜པᏊ⋤࡟㐃࡞ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ䣎⨾⣖
࡚グ᠈ࡢඹ᭷ࢆ☜ㄆࡋྜ࠺ᴦࡋࡳࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿ䣎
⨾⣖Ꮚࡢẕ࡜ࡑࡢᘵࢆຍ࠼࡚䣍䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࡢጜᘵ㛵ಀࢆࡉࡽ࡟ࡳ࡚࠸ࡇ࠺䣎
ᘵࡀ࠸ࡓࡽ䣍࠶ࢇࡓࡶࡎ࠸ࡪࢇᚰᙉ࠿䣬ࡓࢁ࠺࡟ࡡ࠼䣎ᘵ䣬࡚䣍࠸࠸ࡶ
ࡢ࡞ࡢ࡟ࡡ࠼䣎
ࡕ䣭ࢇ࡜㏉ࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿࡢࡼ䣎࠸ࡘࡲ࡛ࡶះ䣬࡚ࡃࢀࡿࡋࡡ࠼䣎
䥺
࡜࠸࠺࢖ࢱࢥࡢヰࢆࡋ䣍⨾⣖Ꮚࡣࡑࢀࢆ㏆ࡃ࡛⪺࠸࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡔ䣬ࡓ䣎 䥹 䣓པ
13
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
298
ࡢᅜ࡟࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡓ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࢇࡔ࡞䣍
䥹୰␎䥺࡛ࡶ䣍ṧᛕ࡞ࡀࡽ䣍㈇ࡅ
ᏳಸẶ࡛ࡶ⸨ཎẶ࡛ࡶ⥆࠸࡚࠸ࡓࡽ䣍ᮾ໭ࡀࡶࡋ࠿ࡋࡓࡽᮏᙜ࡟ࡦ࡜ࡘ
ࢀ࡚ࡣ࠸࡞࠸䣎ᐙ᪘ࡣ䣍ኵ࡛࠶ࡾ∗࡛࠶ࡿసᴦ஭ࡀᮾᾏ㐨࡟ᐤࡏࡿᙉ࠸ᛮ࠸
ᐙ᪘ࡀᢚᅽ⿦⨨࡜ࡋ࡚ᶵ⬟ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ព㆑ࡀⷧ࠸䣎ᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶ⾲❧䣬࡚ᥥ࠿
⚄ⓗⱞ③ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡔ䣎䣕ᮾᾏ㐨஬༑୕ḟ䣖࡛ࡣ䣍
䣬ࡥ࡞ࡋ࡞ࢇࡔࢃ䣎⊁⊟ࡀᚓព࡛䣍ᘪ▮ࡀᙉࡃ࡚ࡶ䣍ࡔࡵࡔ䣬ࡓࡢࡡ䣎
ᾏ㐨஬༑୕ḟ䣖ࡢⓎ⾲᫬ᮇࡀᡓ᫬Ⰽࡀ⃰࠸᫬ᮇ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ䣍ᮾᾏ㐨ࡣࡶ
ࢆ⫼ᚋ࡛ᨭ࠼ࡿᙺ๭ࢆᢸ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚䣓པᏊ⋤䣔࡜୪࡭࡚ࡳࡿ࡜䣍
䣕ᮾ
㞷ᯞ࡟ࡼ䣬࡚ㄒࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ䣍⊂⮬ࡢᩥ໬ࢆ᭷ࡋࡓᮾ໭ࡀ࠸࠿࡟䣓ᚁఆ䣔
䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࡢ㞷ᯞࡢᙉ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡣจࡾᅛࡲࡾ䣍᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ᑜᖖ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸⢭⚄≧ែ
ࡣࡸ⌧ᐇࡢᮾᾏ㐨࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ䣍ᡓព㧗ᥭ⿦⨨࡜ࡋ࡚ᶵ⬟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ୍ᒙ᫂
㞷ᯞ࡜ᚭࡢጜᘵࡣ୧ぶࡢ௙஦ࡢ㛵ಀ࠿ࡽ஧ேࡔࡅ࡛࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከࡃ䣍➇࠺
࡟࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡃ䣎సᴦ஭ࡓࡕࡢᛮ࠸ࡶఝࡓࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡑࢀ࡟ᙉ࠸㐪࿴
ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ࠿࡜࠸࠺Ṕྐ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍࠶ࡾ࠼ࡓ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸䣓⊂❧ࡋࡓᅜ䣔࡜ࡋ
ࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚ᮾ໭ࡢṔྐ࡜Ẹ಑࡟㛵ࡍࡿᮏࢆㄞࡳ䣍㞷ᯞࡣ≉࡟䣓⵬๓ᵝࡢヰࡸ䣍
ឤࢆᢪ࠿ࡏ࡞࠸ຊࡀാ࠸࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡍࢀࡤ䣍ࡑࢀࡇࡑࡀྡᡤḷᯖⓗ࡞ఱࡶࡢ࠿䣍
ࡽ࠿࡜࡞ࡿ䣎ᮾᾏ㐨ࡶᐙ᪘ࡶᡓព㧗ᥭࢆᨭ࠼ࡿ⿦⨨ࡢ႘࡜ࡋ࡚ࡋ࠿ㄞࡵ࡞࠸䣎
ኳ≸ࡢヰ䣔
䣍
䣓ほ㡢ࡉࡲࡸᒣ⚄ࡉࡲࡀฟ࡚ࡃࡿヰ䣔ࢆㄞࡳ䣍ᚭࡣ䣓࠾ࡤࡅࡢฟ
ྡᡤḷᯖࢆᩥ໬࡜ࡋ࡚⥅ᢎࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ᫬࡟ാࡃຊ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡲ࠸࠿䣎
㞷ᯞࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ᑜᖖ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸⢭⚄≧ែ࡟࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ䣍㞷ᯞ࠿ࡽࡢ㟁ヰ࡜ᡭ
⣬ࡢෆᐜ࠿ࡽ⨾⣖Ꮚ࡟ࡶ஢ゎࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ䣎
࡝ࡇࢁ࠿䣍㜼ࢇࡔࡢࡣぶ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍㢗ࡾ࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓᚭ࡟ࡶ䣓ࡤ࠿ࡤ࠿ࡋ࠸䣔࡜
ྠᵝ䣍ᙉ◳࡟㜼ࡲࢀ䣍䣓ṧᛕ࡞ࡀࡽ䣍㈇ࡅ䣬ࡥ࡞ࡋ䣔ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡟⤊ࢃࡿ䣎ࡑࢀ
ࡋ࠸䣔࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡔ䣬ࡓ䣎ࡋ࠿ࡋࡑࢀࡣ䣍
䣓࠶ࡾ࠼ࡓ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸⊂❧ᅜᐙ䣔
࠸ࢆồࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᐙ᪘ࡢே࡟ࢃ࠿䣬࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢ࡟䣍࡜༴ࡪࢇ࡛࠸ࡓ䣎
࡟⮬ศ࡛ᢞภ࡛ࡁࡿ≧ែ࡞ࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿䣍ࡉࡶ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ䣍㞷ᯞࡀ⨾⣖Ꮚ࡟ᩆ
ࡾࡲࡍ䣍࡜ࡑࡇ࡟ࡣ᭩࠸࡚࠶䣬ࡓ䣎஧㏻䣍୕㏻䣍࡜ᡭ⣬ࡣ⥆࠸ࡓ䣎࣏ࢫࢺ
඲ࡃ䣍࡞ࢇ࡜࠸࠺㦁ࡂ᪉࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣍⚾ࡢᐙ᪘࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀ᝟ࡅ࡞ࡃ࡞
୍㋾ࡉࢀࡿ䣎ᚭࡣᮾிࡢ኱Ꮫࢆฟ࡚ࡑࡢࡲࡲᮾி࡛ᑵ⫋ࡋ䣍㞷ᯞࡢ䣓ぢᙇࡾ䣔
⨾⣖Ꮚ࡟ࡣ⌮ゎࡋ࡟ࡃ࠸ゝⴥࡀ䣍ᡭ⣬࡟ቑ࠼࡚࠸ࡓ䣎
㐪࠸ࡣ䣍సᴦ஭ࡣᐙ᪘࡟ࡼ䣬࡚ᗃ㛢ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡞ࡃ䣍ᙼࡢᐙ᪘ࡶᙼ࠿ࡽ⢭
సᴦ஭ࡀᮾᾏ㐨࡟ᐤࡏࡿᙉ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡶぢ᪉࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㞷ᯞࡢ㢪࠸࡜ྠࡌ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎
ᢚᅽ⿦⨨࡟࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࢸ䤀࣐ࡀ⾲ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎࠿ࡢᏊࡢ䣕ᮾᾏ㐨஬༑୕ḟ䣖ࡢ
ࡍࡿ࡜䣍㞷ᯞࡇࡑ⢭⚄ⓗⱞ③ࡢཎᅉ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ䣎ࡇࡇ࡟ࡣᐙ᪘ࡀᙉ࠸
࠸⮬యࡀ㞷ᯞࡢ⢭⚄ࢆ⼃ࡳ䣍ᐙ᪘ࢆ⢭⚄ⓗⱞ③࡟ᕳࡁ㎸ࢇ࡛࠸ࡃ䣎ᐙ᪘࠿ࡽ
ࡓጜ࡟ࡼ䣬࡚᣺ࡾᅇࡉࢀࡿᐙ᪘䣍≉࡟ᘵࡢጼࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡿ䣎㟁ヰࡢᚋ࡛ᚭ
࡝ࡇࢁࡌ䣭࡞࠸䣔㞷ᯞࡢ≧ἣࢆఏ࠼࡚࠾ࡾ䣍␗ᖖ࡞ࡲ࡛ࡢ୍ᛕ࡟จࡾᅛࡲ䣬
࡞ኌ䣔࡛ᨷࡵ❧࡚ࡽࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎᪸䣬࡚㟈࠼ࡓᚭࡢኌࡣ䣓ᐙ᪘ࡢ⪅ࡣࡑࢀ
ᚭ࠿ࡽ㟁ヰ࡛䣓↓㈐௵࡞ࡇ࡜ࢆ䣍ጜ࡟ゝࢃ࡞࠸࡛ࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣔࡜䣓ᝒ㬆ࡢࡼ࠺
䣓ᅜ㝿ࢫࣃ࢖ᅋࡀᬯ㌍䣔பࠎ࡜᭩࠿ࢀࡓᡭ⣬ࡍࡽཷࡅྲྀ䣬࡚࠸ࡓ⨾⣖Ꮚࡣ䣍
ࡃ࡞䣬ࡓ䣔࡜࠸࠺ᗃ㛢⏕άࢆᙉ࠸ࡽࢀࡿ䣎䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࡢሙྜ䣍㞷ᯞࡢᙉ࠸ᛮ
࡜࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎㞷ᯞࡣ䣓⮬ศࢆ┳どࡍࡿᐙ᪘ࢆ࿚࠸䣍୍ே࡛እ࡟ࡶฟࡽࢀ࡞
኱ᏛࡢᮾὒဴᏛ⛉࡟⦅ධࡋ䣍ᚭ࡜஧ே࡛䣓஧ே୕⬮࡛ຮᙉ࡛ࡁࡓࡽ䣍ࡍࡤࡽ
ጼࡣ䣍Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡢ㡭࠿ࡽ᐀ᩍ࡟ᣊ䣬ࡓ⮬ศࡀ▷኱༞ᴗᚋࡶᮾி࡟ṧ䣬࡚ᅄᖺไ
࡛ṔྐࢆᏛࡪࡇ࡜ࢆᮃࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ䣎ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ㄒ䣬ࡓ㞷ᯞࡀᥥࡃᮍ᮶ࡢጜᘵࡢ
࡚ࡃࡿヰࡀዲࡁ࡛䣍⪥࡞ࡋⰾ୍ࡢヰࡀ≉࡟ዲࡁ䣔࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀⓎᒎࡋ࡚኱Ꮫ
࡚ࡢᮾ໭࡛࠶ࡿ䣎
299
˱⅝ஙↄ↷≝‫ޢ‬ஜⅺ↝‫܇‬ⅤிෙᢊʞҗɤഏⅥ↗඾޽˲‫܇‬Ⅴӂ‫ྛ܇‬Ⅵ⃬⃬Ⅰജ்Ⅱႎࣱ఍⇁ᙻࡈ↚
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
䢣䢣䥹୰␎䥺୕௦⚽⾮ࡀ࠿ࡃࡲ䣬࡚䣍ᜥᏊࡢὈ⾮ࡀ㢗ᮅࢆᛧࢀ࡚⩏⤒ࢆ
ࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺㛵ಀࢆ⨾⣖Ꮚࡢẕࡣ▱ࡽ࡞࠸䣎ࡇࡢ㟷ᖺࡣ⨾⣖Ꮚ࡟
⊂ ❧ ࡋ ࡓ ᅜ ࡳ ࡓ ࠸ ࡔ 䣬 ࡓ ࢇ࡛ ࡍ 䣬 ࡚ 䣎 㔠 ࡣ ᥇ ࢀ ࡿ ࡋ 䣍 ࢔ ࣛ ࣈ ⏘ ࡢ 㤿 ࡶ ᣢ
䢣 䢣 ࡇ ࡇ 䣬࡚ ࠸ ࠺ ࠿ 䣍 ᮾ ໭ ඲ య ࡀ ࡑ ࡢ ᫬ ࡟ ⁛ ࡰ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ࡢ ࡼ 䣎 ࡑ ࢀ ࡲ࡛ ࡣ
ẅࡋ䣍ࡇࢀࢆཱྀᐇ࡟㢗ᮅࡀࡇࡇࢆ⁛ࡰࡋࡓ䣬࡚ࢃࡅ࠿䣎
࡜䣬࡚ᛶⓗࣃ䤀ࢺࢼ䤀࡛࠶ࡾࡘࡘᘵࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ꮡᅾ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍䣓པᏊ⋤䣔⤖ᮎࡣ
䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡋ䣎㯤㔠ࡢᅜ࡜࠸࠺ឤࡌࡡ䣎
ᖐᏯ᫬㛫ࡀ୙つ๎࡞㟷ᖺࢆᚅࡕࡘࡘ㣗஦ࡢ‽ഛࡸὙ℆䣍ᤲ㝖ࡸ⾰㢮ࡢ⧋࠸
ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞⨾⣖Ꮚࡢᙉ࠸୍య໬㢪ᮃ࡛㛢ࡌࡿ䣎
୰ ᑛ ᑎ ࡢ ⸨ ཎ Ặ ࡸ 䣍 ࡑ ࡢ ๓ ࡢ Ᏻ ಸ Ặ ࡶ ࢚ ࣑ ࢩ 䣬࡚ 䣍 ࡘ ࡲ ࡾ እ ᅜ ே ᢅ ࠸ ࡉ
኱᫇䣍ࡶ࡜ࡶ࡜ࡣ࢚࣑ࢩ䣬࡚᪥ᮏ᭩⣖࡞ࢇ࠿࡛グ㘓ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿཎఫẸࡀ
ࢀ࡚ࡓࡇ࡜࡜࠿ࡡ䣎࢚ࢰᚁఆ䣬࡚ゝ࠺࡛ࡋ䣯䣎࠶ࡢ࢚ࢰࡼ䣎
པᏊ⋤ࡢヰࢆࡋ࡚ࡸࡿࡢࡶᝏࡃࡣ࡞࠸䣍࡜⨾⣖Ꮚࡣᛮ࠸䣍␚ࡳ⤊ࢃ䣬ࡓ㟷
᪥ ᮏ ࡟ ࠸ ࡚ 䣍 ࡑ ࢀ ࡀ ࡔ ࢇ ࡔ ࢇ ໭ ࡢ ᪉ ࡟ ㏣ ࠸ ワ ࡵ ࡽ ࢀ࡚ ࠸ 䣬 ࡚ 䣍 ᭱ ᚋ ࡟ ≉
ࡇࡕࡽࡶ୰ᑛᑎ࡟㟷ᖺࢆ㐃ࢀ࡚⾜ࡁ䣍▱䣬ࡓ࠿ࡪࡾ࡛䣍㤿ࡢヰࡸᏳᑑ࡜
ᖺࡢ⾰㢮ࢆぢࡘࡵࡓ䣎㒊ᒇ࡟࠸ࡿ㛫䣍⨾⣖Ꮚࡀ╔ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡿỈⰍࡢࢺࣞ
Ṧ ࡞ ᙧ࡛ ṧ 䣬 ࡓ ࡢ ࡀ ࢔ ࢖ ࢾ ࡜ ࠿ 䣍 ࣐ ࢱ ࢠ ࡞ ࡢ ࠿ ࡶ ࡋ ࢀ ࡞ ࠸ ࢇ ࡔ 䣬 ࡚ 䣎 ࡑ
䣓࠶ࡢ䣍ኟⲡࡸර࡝ࡶࡀ䣬࡚࡜ࡇࢁ࡞ࡢࡡ䣔࡜⨾⣖Ꮚࡀⰸⷀࡢ୍ྃࢆᘬ࠸ࡓ
ࡶ䣍ዲࡁ࡞ࡢࡼ䣍ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ヰࡀ䣎
ࡁ ࡓ ࢇ ࡔ 䣬 ࡚ ࠸ ࠺ ヰ ࡔ ࡅ ࡝ ࡡ 䣎 ᘵ ࡔ ࡅ ࡌ䣭 ࡞ ࡃ࡚ 䣍 ࡇ 䣬 ࡕ ࡢ ඛ ⏕ ࡞ ࢇ ࠿
࠺ ࠸ ࠺ ⫼ ᬒ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࠿ ࡽ 䣍 ࡎ 䣬 ࡜ ᠾ ㎮ ᡓ த ࡢ ᫬ ࡲ࡛ ᮾ ໭ ࡣ ⊂ ❧ ࡋ ࡓ ࡀ 䣬 ࡚
䤀ࢼ䤀ࡀ䣍⾰㢮ࡢ࠸ࡕࡤࢇୖ࡟⨨࠸࡚࠶䣬ࡓ䣎
⨾⣖Ꮚࡀ䣓ࡇࡕࡽࡶ䣔࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ䣍㞷ᯞ࡜ᚭࡢ஧ே࡟ᑐࡋ࡚䣍࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜
࡛࠶ࡿ䣎⨾⣖Ꮚ࡜㞷ᯞࡀ▷኱஧ᖺ⏕ࡢ᫬࡟ᚭࡣ㧗ᰯ஧ᖺ⏕࡞ࡢ࡛䣍ᅄ༑஧ṓ
ࡣ ᖺ 㱋 ᕪ ࡀ ࠶ ࡾ ࡍ ࡂ ࡿ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ぢ࠼ ࡞ ࡃ ࡣ ࡞ ࠸ ࡀ 䣍 ᚭ ࡜ 㐪 䣬࡚ ࡇ ࡢ 㟷 ᖺ ࡟ ࡣ
⾰ᕝࡢྂᡓሙ㊧࡛ࡣ䣍ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟㞷ᯞࡀ⇕䣬ࡱࡃᮾ໭ࡢṔྐࢆㄒࡿ䣎
ࡢ ⨾ ⣖ Ꮚ ࡜ ஧ ༑ ௦ ࡢ ࡇ ࡢ 㟷 ᖺ ࡜ ࡢ 㛵 ಀ ࢆ Ᏻ ᑑ ࡜ པ Ꮚ ⋤ ࡢ ጜ ᘵ ࡟ ぢ ❧࡚ ࡿ ࡟
䣓Ꮚ࡝ࡶ䣔ࡢᙺ๭ࡶᢸࢃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡲࡓ䣍ᚭࡢࡼ࠺࡟䣓ࡃ࡝ࡃ࡝ᩍ࠼࡚ࡃ
໭ࡢṔྐࡢከࡃࡣᚭ࠿ࡽᚓࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍ࡑࡢព࿡࡛ࡣ㞷ᯞࡣṔྐࢆㄒࡾ⥅
࠺ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽ䣍ጜᘵ࡛ᩍ࠼ᙺࡀ㏫࡟࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎㞷ᯞࡢཱྀ࠿ࡽㄒࡽࢀࡿᮾ
Ꮚ࡟ㄒࡾ䣍ࡑࡢෆᐜࢆ⨾⣖Ꮚࡀ䣓▱䣬ࡓ࠿ࡪࡾ䣔࡛㟷ᖺ࡟ヰࡋ࡚ࡸࢁ࠺࡜࠸
࠿ࡽ⛯㔠ࡣᡶࢃ࡞࠸ࡅ࡝䣍ኳୗࢆྲྀࢁ࠺࡜࠸࠺Ẽᣢࡕࡶ࡞࠸ࢇࡔ࠿ࡽ䣍ᖸ
ࡑࡢ࢜ࢧࡀ࠸ࡓࡢࡼ䣎ᏳಸẶࡶࡑࢀ࡛䣍ࡔࢇࡔࢇຊࢆ⵳࠼࡚䣍ᮅᘐ࡟ࡇࢀ
ࡓ࠿ࡽ䣎ಒᅃ䣬࡚࠸࠺䣍࠶ࡢᆏୖ⏣ᮧ㯞࿅ࡢ᫬࡟㝆అࡋࡓ࢚࣑ࢩࡀ࠶䣬࡚䣍
ᏳಸẶ䣬࡚࠸࠺ࡢࡶ䣍ᒾᡭ┴୍ᖏࢆ⊂❧ᅜࡳࡓ࠸࡞ࡇ࡜࡟ࡋ࡚ᰤ࠼࡚࠸
ࡄ௰௓⪅ࡢࡼ࠺࡞࡜ࡇࢁࡀ࠶ࡿ䣎⨾⣖Ꮚࡶࡲࡓ௰௓⪅࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀண࿌ࡉࢀ
΅ࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿ࡞䣬࡚ゝ䣬ࡓࢃࡅ䣎䥹୰␎䥺᭦࡟┒ᒸࡢ᪉ࡲ࡛ᏳಸẶࡀ㏨ࡆ
ࢀࡿ䣔ࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ࡔ䣎ᚭ࠿ࡽᩍ࠼ࡽࢀࡓᮾ໭ࡢṔྐࢆ㞷ᯞࡀ⨾⣖
ࡓ⤖ᮎ࡜࠸࠼ࡿ䣎㞷ᯞ࡬䣍⨾⣖Ꮚ࡬䣍㟷ᖺ࡬࡜ᮾ໭ࡢṔྐࡣㄒࡾ⥅ࡀࢀ䣍⨾
䥺
ࡢࡧ࡚䣍ࡑࡇ࡛඲⁛ࡋࡓࡢࡼ䣎ࡔ࠿ࡽ䣍࠶ࡓࡋࡓࡕ࡟࡜䣬࡚ࡣᏳಸẶࡢ᪉
㞷ᯞࡀㄒࡿᮾ໭ࡢṔྐࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࡔ䣎
ࡀ㌟㏆࡞ឤࡌࡡ䣎 䥹
⣖Ꮚࡶㄒࡾ⥅ࡄ௰௓⪅䣍ㄒࡾ㒊࡜࡞ࡿ䣎
300
12
࠸ᡭ⣬ࢆ⨾⣖Ꮚࡀཷࡅྲྀࡿࡲ࡛⥆࠸ࡓ䣎ᡭ⣬ࡢᕪฟேࡣ㞷ᯞࡢ୕ṓୗࡢᘵ䣍
ᚭ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎
ࡑࡢⓎ᝿ࡢ᰿ᗏ࡟࠶ࡿࡢࡣྡᡤḷᯖࢆ๰㐀ࡋࡓࡢ࡜ྠࡌࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿ䣎ࡑࡋ࡚䣍
సᴦ஭ࡽస୰ே≀ࡣ៿᠄࠿ࡽᮾᾏ㐨ࡢྐ㊧ࢆṌ࠸࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡀ䣍
࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ᘵࡢཔᏊ⋤࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿࡢࡣᚭ䣍⨾⣖Ꮚࡢᘵ࡛⏘ࡲࢀ࡚ࡍࡄ࡟Ṛࢇ࡛
ᐙ᪘ࡀࢸ䤀࣐࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ䣎ጜࡢᏳᑑ࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿࡢࡣ㞷ᯞ䣍⨾⣖Ꮚ䣍⨾⣖Ꮚࡢẕ
䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࡣࡑࡢ㢟ྡࡢࡲࡲ࡟ጜᘵ㛵ಀࡀࢸ䤀࣐ࡢ୍ࡘ࡟࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡀ䣍
᪥ ᮏ ᩥ ໬ ࡢ ఏ ⤫ ࡟ ࠶ 䣬࡚ ྡ ᡤ ḷ ᯖ ࡣ ᐇ 㝿 ࡟ ⾜ ࡃ ࡇ ࡜ ࡼ ࡾ ࡶ ᝿ ീ ୡ ⏺ ࡢ ୰࡛
ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓ㉥ࢇᆓ䣍⨾⣖Ꮚࡢẕࡢᘵ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎⨾⣖Ꮚࡢུ∗࡟࠶ࡓࡿࡇࡢே≀ࡣ
䥺
ࡇࡑព࿡ࢆᣢࡘࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍ࡘࡲࡾᚋᬒ䥹㠀ᅾ䥺໬ࡉࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢࡔ䣎
䣓୕༑௦ࡢ࡞࠿ࡤ࡛࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔࡟Ώ䣬࡚ࡋࡲ࠸䣍⡆༢࡞ࡇ࡜࡛ࡣ఍࠼࡞
䣕ᮾᾏ㐨஬༑୕ḟ䣖࡟཯ᫎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡳ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 䥹
㒔ࡀி㒔࡟࠶ࢀࡤᮾᅜࡣྡᡤḷᯖ࡜ࡋ࡚⁻Ἡࡢ៿᠄ࡢᆅ࡜࡞ࡾ䣍㒔ࡀᮾி࡟
ࡃ࡞䣬࡚ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓ䣔࡜࠸࠺䣎⤖ᮎ㏆ࡃ࡛Ⓩሙࡍࡿྡ๓ࡀ࡞࠸㟷ᖺࡶཔᏊ⋤࡟
஬༑୕ḟ䣖ࡣᩥ໬ࡢாཷྐ࡜࠸࠺ഃ㠃࠿ࡽࡢㄞࡳࢆᚿྥࡉࡏ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺సရ࡞
࡚࠸ࡿ䣍ࡢ୰࡟఩⨨࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝࢆᣍ᮶ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ䣎
䣕ᮾᾏ㐨
ᾏ㐨࡜࠸࠺⾤㐨ࡀ๰㐀ࡋࡓᩥ໬ྐ䣍ࡑࢀࡣṔྐⓗᩥ໬ⓗ࡟ᙉ኱࡞ᶒጾࢆࡶ䣬
࠺ᩥᏛసရࡣࡑࢀ࡟ぢ஦࡟ᨭ࠼ࡽࢀ䣍ࡉࡽ࡟㔜せ࡞ࡢࡣ䣍ࡇࡢసရ⮬యࡀᮾ
Ꮚ࡝ࡶ䣬ࡱࡉ࡟ᇳ╔ࢆぢࡏ࡚࠸ࡓ䣔ࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍⨾⣖Ꮚ࡜㟷ᖺࡢ䣓Ꮚ࡝ࡶ䣬ࡱ
ࡓ䣔࡜࠶ࡿ䣎
䣓㟷ᖺࡣ㟷ᖺ࡛䣍⨾⣖Ꮚࡀᮍࡔ࡟㐣๫࡞࡯࡝ᣢࡕྜࢃࡏ࡚࠸ࡿ
ᑐࡋ࡚䣍⨾⣖Ꮚࡣ䣓Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡢ㡭࠿ࡽ▱䣬࡚࠸ࡓࡼ࠺࡞Ẽᣢ࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶䣬
❺㢦䣔࡛䣍䣓➗࠺࡜䣍ᮏᙜ࡟Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡢࡼ࠺࡞㢦࡟࡞䣬࡚䣔࡜࠸࠺ࡇࡢ㟷ᖺ࡟
⨾⣖Ꮚ࡟࡜䣬࡚䣍ࡇࡢ㟷ᖺࡣ༢࡞ࡿᜊே࡜࠸࠺Ꮡᅾ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎䣓ࡶ࡜ࡶ࡜
┦ᙜࡍࡿ࡜࠸䣬࡚ࡼ࠸䣎
ࡢࡔ䣎ࡑࢀࡣᶒጾ࡬ࡢᙉ࠸୍య໬ᚿྥࢆ㞃ࡋᣢ䣬࡚࠾ࡾ䣍ᡓ᫬Ⰽࢆᙉࡵࡿ᫬
࡛࠶ࡿ䣎
䥺
஧ேࡢᑡዪ䣔ࡢ᫬้⾲ࡍࡽㄪ࡭࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞↓ㅛ࡞ᚅࡕྜࢃࡏ࠿ࡽጞࡲ䣬ࡓ᪑
ጞࡲࡿ䣎ㄒࡾࡢ⌧ᅾ࠿ࡽࡍࡿ࡜஧༑ᖺ௨ୖࡶ๓ࡢࡇ࡜࡛䣍䣓᫬௦㞳ࢀࡢࡋࡓ
஧᪥࡟୍ᗘࡣ䣍ࡑࡇ࡟❧ࡕᐤࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ䣎ࡑࡢ㒊ᒇࡢᐙ㈤ࡢ༙ศࢆ䣍
ࡕ䣯࠺࡝୰㛫Ⅼ࡟࠶ࡓࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ࡟࠶ࡿ஧㹂㹉ࡢ࣐ࣥࢩ䣼ࣥ࡟❧ࡕᐤ䣬ࡓ䣎
ᚭࡢᡭ⣬ࢆཷࡅྲྀ䣬ࡓ⩣᪥䣍⨾⣖Ꮚࡣ఍♫ࡀ㏥ࡅ࡚࠿ࡽ䣍఍♫࡜ᐙ࡜ࡢ
ࡣᛮ࠸ࡶࡼࡽ࡞࠸ࣁࣉࢽࣥࢢ࡟ぢ⯙ࢃࢀࡓࡾࡋ࡚䣍䣕ᮾᾏ㐨୰⭸ᰩẟ䣖ࡢᘺ
⨾⣖Ꮚࡀཷࡅᣢ䣬࡚࠸ࡓࡀ䣍ࡑࡇ࡟ఫࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡢࡣ䣍୍ேࡢ䣍ࡲࡔ஧༑௦
䥹
པ Ꮚ ⋤ ࡢ஧ ேࡀ ஫ ࠸ ࡟ 㢦 ࢆ ྜ ࢃ ࡏ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡜ ࡁ ࡢ ᖾ ⚟ ឤ ࡟ 㔜 ࡡ ࡽ ࢀ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡢ
࡟ࡣ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡎ࡟࠸ࡓ䣔࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡟䣍ㄝ⤒䣓ࡉࢇࡏ࠺ኴኵ䣔࡛ᗂ࠸Ᏻᑑ࡜
ࡢᗂࡉࡔࡅࡀ⏕ࡁ⏕ࡁ࡜㏻࠸ྜ࠺䣔ࡋ䣍
䣓ࡑࢀ௨ୖ࡟ᴦࡋ࠸≧ែࡶ䣍⨾⣖Ꮚ
ࡉ䣔ࡀᙉㄪࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎䣓஧ே࡛㢦ࢆぢྜࢃࡏ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜䣍࡜ࡶࡍࡿ࡜䣍஫࠸
ὠᓥభᏊࡢ䣓པᏊ⋤䣔࡛ࡣ䣍▷ᮇ኱Ꮫ஧ᖺ⏕࡛ᮾி࡟ఫࡴ⨾⣖Ꮚࡀ䣍┒ᒸ
ฟ ㌟ ࡢ ྠ ⣭ ⏕࡛ ኟ ఇ ࡳ ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ ࡇ ࡜ ࡛ ᖐ ┬ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡓ 㞷 ᯞ ࡜ ୍ ࣀ 㛵࡛ ᚅ ࡕ ྜ ࢃ
ḟ႐ከ㐨୰ࡢࡈ࡜ࡃ䣓ࡤ࠿࡞ࡇ࡜ࡤ䣬࠿ࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ᪑⾜䣔ࡔ䣬ࡓ䣎஧ேࡢ஺
ࡢ㟷ᖺࡔ䣬ࡓ䣎༙ᖺ๓࡟䣍஧ே࡛ヰࢆỴࡵ䣍㟷ᖺࡀ㉺ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ䣎
ࡏ䣍㞷ᯞࡢᐇᐙ࡛ࡢᐟἩࢆྵࡵ࡚ᮾ໭ࡢྡᡤᪧ㊧ࢆゼࡡ࡚ࡲࢃࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ࠿ࡽ
཭ࡣ㐃⤡ࡀ㏵⤯࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶䣬ࡓࡀ䣍ாᖺᅄ༑஧࡜࠸࠺㞷ᯞࡢṚࢆ࿌ࡆࡿ㛗
11
ᅄ
௦࡟࠶䣬࡚ࡣእᮧࡀᣦ᦬ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟䣓♽ᅜឡ䣔࡟᥋⥆ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ䣎
ྡᡤḷᯖ࡟ࡼ䣬࡚ᩥ໬ࡢாཷྐࡀసࡽࢀ䣍ࡑࡋ࡚䣕ᮾᾏ㐨஬༑୕ḟ䣖࡜࠸
⛣䣬࡚࠿ࡽࡣி㒔ࡇࡑࡀ✲ᴟⓗ࡞ྡᡤḷᯖ࡟࡞䣬ࡓ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࡔࢁ࠺䣎
࡜ࡋ࡚䣍ᮾᾏ㐨ࡀ䣓ឡᅜ⢭⚄ࢆ⌧ࡍሙᡤ࡜ࡳ࡞ࡍⓎ᝿ࡀᏑࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ≧ἣ䣔ࡀ
301
˱⅝ஙↄ↷≝‫ޢ‬ஜⅺ↝‫܇‬ⅤிෙᢊʞҗɤഏⅥ↗඾޽˲‫܇‬Ⅴӂ‫ྛ܇‬Ⅵ⃬⃬Ⅰജ்Ⅱႎࣱ఍⇁ᙻࡈ↚
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
࠸ࡀ䣍ே⏕࡜࠸࠺᪑࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ䣓⚾䣔࡜ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡟ኵࡢⰋࡁ䣓ຓᡭ䣔࡛࠶䣬
ࡶࡘ䣓ᮾᾏ㐨ே✀䣔࡜࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎సᴦ஭ࡢጔࡣኵ࡜ᐇ㝿ࡢ᪑࡟ฟ࡚ࡣ࠸࡞
ྠᒃࡋࡓ⪁∗࡟ឤ໬ࡉࢀ࡚䣓ᮾᾏ㐨ே✀䣔࡜࡞ࡾ䣍ࡋ࠿ࡶᮍ᮶࡬ࡢ᪂どぬࢆ
㌟ࡣ➉ᩪ࡟ఝࡓࡿ࠿࡞䣔ࢆᘬ⏝ࡋ࡚䣓ᮾᾏ㐨㐢Ṕయᑠㄝࡢ୍ࡘ࡟➉ᩪ≀ㄒ࡜
᝟⥴ⓗ࢖࣓䤀ࢪ䣔ࡢඹ᭷ࢆᙉࡃồࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎䣓୺ே䣔ࡀⰸⷀࡢ䣓ᮌᯤࡽࡋࡢ
ࢪ䣔࡟኱ࡁࡃ౫Ꮡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕㄞ⪅࡟ࡶస୰ே≀䣓⚾䣔࡟ࡶ䣓ᅛ᭷ࡢ
➉ᩪ࡟ዪ➉ᩪ࡛ࡍ࠿䣔࡜ᛂࡌࡓࡼ࠺࡟ඹ᭷ࡋ䣍ඹ᭷ࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸ሙྜ࡛ࡶ䣓⚾䣔
࠸ࡩࡢࡀ࠶ࡿࢇࡔࡼ䣔࡜䣓⚾䣔࡟ゎㄝࡋࡓ࡜ࡁ䣍䣓⚾䣔ࡣ䣓࡛ࡣ⚾ࡓࡕࡣ⏨
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞∗Ꮚ䥹∗࡜ᜥᏊ䥺࡟ࡼࡿᖌᘵ㛵ಀ䣍䣓ຓᡭ䣔䥾ዪᛶ࡜࠸࠺ᙉᅛ
ࡣດຊࡋ䣍㛵ᐟ࡛ࡢሙྜࡢࡼ࠺࡟䣍ඹ᭷࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࡜䣓୺ே䣔࡟ุ᩿ࡉࢀࡓ⤖
ࡓ࡜ゝ࠼ࡼ࠺䣎
࡞⧅ࡀࡾ䣍ࡇࡢ஧ࡘ࡟ࡼࡿᩥ໬㑇⏘ࡢ⥅ᢎ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚䣍ㄞ⪅ࡀ኱ࡁ࡞㐪࿴ឤࡶ
ᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚䣓ࡲ࠶ྩࡣዪࡔ࠿ࡽࡡ䣔࡜ゝࢃࢀ࡚ࡶ䣍ඹ᭷࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ䣓ᾆᒣࡋ
ࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ䣍ྡᡤḷᯖࡢ䣓ᅛ᭷ࡢ᝟⥴ⓗ࢖࣓䤀ࢪ䣔ࡣ䣓ᶒጾ࠶ࡿࣔࣀ䣔࡬
࡞ࡃ✜ࡸ࠿࡟࠸ࡘࡢ㛫࡟࠿ཷࡅධࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࡜ࡍࢀࡤ䣍䣕ᮾᾏ㐨஬༑୕ḟ䣖
ࡋࢀ࡞࠸䣎ࡘࡲࡾ䣍⌧ᅾࡢ᪑࡜Ṕྐࡢ᪑ࡀ㔜࡞ࡾྜ࠸䣍㐣ཤࡢᐇᅾࡢே≀ࡶ
ࡢ౫Ꮡ࡟ࡼ䣬࡚ᡂ❧ࡋࡓࡇ࡜䣍ࡑࢀࡣ࣓ࢺࢽ࣑䤀ⓗⓎ᝿࡜⾲⌧࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺
ࡃ䣔ᛮ࠺ࡔࡅ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡿ䣎
⌧ᅾࢆ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿேࡶ⹫ᵓୖࡢே≀ࡶ㛵ࢃࡾ࡞ࡃ䣍ேࠎࡣⓙ䣍Ṕྐⓗ᫬㛫ࡢ
ࡇ࡜䣍ࡑࢀࡣ࠶ࡿ✀ࡢ᤼㝖ࢆෆᅾࡉࡏࡓⓎ᝿࡜⾲⌧࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡞࡝࡜㛵㐃௜
ࡢ᪑ࡀ㕲㊰ࢆ㉮ࡿỶ㌴ࡢ᪑䣍ྡᡤḷᯖࢆṌࡃ᪑࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ୚䣬࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡶ
ୖ࡛⧅ࡀ䣬࡚࠸ࡃ䣎᝟⥴ⓗ☜࠿ࡉ࡟ࡼ䣬࡚ࡑࢀࢆ⣡ᚓࡉࡏࡽࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢࡔ䣎
ࡅࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ䣍
䣕ᮾᾏ㐨஬༑୕ḟ䣖࡜ࡣ䣍ᐇ࡟ᙉᅛ࡞䣓ᅛ᭷ࡢ᝟⥴ⓗ࢖࣓䤀ࢪ䣔
࡜䣓ᶒጾ࠶ࡿࣔࣀ䣔࡬ࡢ౫Ꮡ䣍࠶ࡿ✀ࡢ᤼㝖ࢆෆᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡛
ㄞ⪅ࡣࡑࡢὶࢀ࡟஌䣬࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢ࡟㐪࠸࡞࠸䣎
௬࡟䣍ᚐṌ㒊ศࡢ⾜ඛࡀྡᡤḷᯖ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣍ࡘࡲࡾ䣍Ṕྐⓗᩥ໬ⓗⰍᙬࡀ
ᡤ࡛࠶䣬࡚ࡶ䣍ㄞ⪅ࡣྡᡤḷᯖࡀᨺࡘ䣓ᅛ᭷ࡢ᝟⥴ⓗ࢖࣓䤀ࢪ䣔ࡢ㔜ᒙᛶࡢ
ࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿ䣎እᮧᙲࡣ᪥⳹஦ኚࡇࢁࡢᮾᾏ㐨ほࢆ㈨ᩱ࡟ࡼ䣬࡚㎺ࡿࡇ࡜࡛䣍
ࡑࡋ࡚䣍ࡑࢀࡣᐇ࡟ᕦጁ࡞᪉ἲ࡜࡞䣬࡚䣍ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᣦ᦬࡬࡜㐃⥆ࡋ࡚࠸
࠶ࢁ࠺䣎
୰࡟ㄏࢃࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠸䣎䥹㸷䥺࿴ḷ࡟࠾࠸࡚䣍
䣓ᅛ᭷ࡢ᝟⥴ⓗ࢖࣓䤀ࢪ䣔ࡢඹ
సᴦ஭ࡽࡢ䣓ி㒔ᛮះ䣔ࡢព࿡ࢆၥ࠸䣍
ᤞ㇟ࡉࢀࡓሙᡤ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡋࡓࡽ䣍ࡑࡇࡀⓏሙே≀࡟࡜䣬࡚ࡓ࡜࠼ព࿡࠶ࡿሙ
᭷ ࡀ ࡞ ࠸ ሙ ྜ ࡣ ャ ࡳ ᡭ ࡀ ᮃࡴ ࡼ ࠺ ࡞ 㔜 ᒙ ᛶ ࢆ ࡶ 䣬 ࡓ ゎ 㔘 ࡀ ࡞ ࡉ ࢀ ࡞ ࠸ ࡢ ࡜
༑୕ḟ䣖ࡣ䣍ྡᡤḷᯖ࡜ࡑࡇ࡟ࡲࡘࢃࡿྂ඾ᩥᏛࡸఏᢎࡢୡ⏺࡜࠸࠺せ⣲ࢆ
ⓗ࢖࣓䤀ࢪ䣔ࡢ㔜ᒙᛶࢆࡶࡘ࡟⮳ࡿ౛ࡣ࠸ࡃࡽ࡛ࡶぢฟࡏࡼ࠺䣎䣕ᮾᾏ㐨஬
࡜ࡋ࡚ព㆑ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜࡛䣓ᶒጾ䣔࡜࡞ࡾ䣍ࡸࡀ࡚䣓ᅛ᭷ࡢ᝟⥴
ࡢ㇟ᚩࡢᆅ࡜ࡋ࡚ᥥࡇ࠺࡜࠸࠺స⪅ࡢពᅗࡀ࠶䣬ࡓ࡜ࡶ᥎ᐹࡉࢀࡿ䣎
䥹୰
ሙ ᡤ ࢆ స ୰࡛ ᚋ ᬒ 䥹 㠀 ᅾ 䥺 ໬ ࡉ ࡏ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡛ 䣍 ௦ ࢃ ࡾ ࡟ ᮾ ᾏ 㐨 ࢆ ᪥ ᮏ ᩥ ໬
࡛ ࠶ ࡾᚓ ࡓ࡜࠸࠺ ゎ㔘ࡀྍ⬟࡟ ࡞ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽ ࢀࡿ䣎࠶ࢃࡏ࡚ ி㒔࡜࠸ ࠺
ᮾ ᾏ 㐨 ࡣ ྂ ඾ ᩥ ໬ ࡢ 㞟 ✚ ᆅ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡜ ྠ ᫬ ࡟ 䣍 ♽ ᅜ ឡ ࢆ ࡶ Ⓨ ື ࡉ ࡏ ࡿ ሙ
Ḟࡅࡤ䣍㊃࿡ⓗே⏕࡟⏕ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࢆチࡉࢀࡓ䣍Ⰻࡃゝ࠼ࡤ⮬⏤ேࡢ∗ࡸኵ࡟
␎ 䥺 ⤊ ࢃ ࡿࡇ ࡜ ࡢ ࡞ ࠸ ♽ ᅜ ឡ ࡢ ⢭ ⚄ ࡀ ᣢ ⥆ ࡍ ࡿ ᵝ ែ ࡢ 㞃 ႘ ࡜ ㄞ ࡳ ࠺ ࡿ ࡼ
ྠࡌ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ኚဴࡶ࡞࠿䣬ࡓᐇᅾࡢሙᡤࡀㄞࡳᡭࡓࡕ࡟ࡼ䣬࡚ព࿡࠶ࡿሙᡤ
኱ࡁ࡞୙ᖹ୙‶ࡶゝࢃࡎ࡟௜ࡁྜ䣬࡚䣍ከᑡࡢ୙‶ࡣᜥᏊ࡬ࡢᮇᚅࡢ୰࡟ゎ
࠺࡟⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎
సရྡࡀ➃ⓗ࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟䣍䣕ᮾᾏ㐨஬༑୕ḟ䣖ࡣ䣓ᅛ᭷ࡢ᝟⥴ⓗ࢖࣓䤀
ᾘࡋ䣍ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ே⏕࡟ᖾ⚟ࢆឤࡌࡿ࡟⮳ࡿዪᛶࡢ༙⏕グ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎
302
Ꮚ䥹∗࡜ᜥᏊ䥺㛵ಀ࡟ࡼࡿᩥ໬㑇⏘ࡢ⥅ᢎࡀᥥ࠿ࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡉࡽ࡟䣍∗
࡜Ꮚ࡜࠸࠺ࡓࡔࡢ㛵ಀ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ䣍ᖌᘵ㛵ಀⓗⰍᙬࢆᖏࡧࡓ∗Ꮚ䥹∗࡜ᜥᏊ䥺
ᑠᯇࡀ⧅ࡈ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࡢࡣ䣍⾤㐨࡜ᐦ᥋࡟⤖ࡧ௜࠸ࡓᩥ໬ࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎ䣍ᚋୡ࡟
ாཷࡋ࡚ࡁࡓṔྐⓗႠⅭࢆ࠸࠺䣎
䣓⚾䣔ࡢ∗ࡸ䣓୺ே䣔
䣍సᴦ஭ࡸࡑࡢᜥᏊࡢ
ࡘࡲࡾ⾤㐨࡜࠸࠺✵㛫䣍䣓ሙ䣔࡟࠾࠸࡚๰㐀ࡉࢀࡓᩥ໬࡜ࡉࡽ࡟ࡑࡢᩥ໬ࢆ
㐨ࢆୖࡾୗࡾࡋࡓࡾ⁻Ἡࡋࡓࡾࡋࡓேࠎ࡟ࡼ䣬࡚⏕ࡳฟࡉࢀࡓᩥ໬ⓗ㑇⏘䣍
៿ࢀࡀ䣓⚾䣔࡟࠶䣬ࡓࡇ࡜ࢆㄒࡽࡏ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡿࡀ䣍䣓⚾䣔ࡢ༙⏕グࡢ⤖ࡧࡀ䣍
ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ䣔࡜䣍䣓ຓᡭ䣔࡟‶㊊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ䣍⊂๰ⓗ࡞๰స࡬ࡢ
࡚ࢄࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ䣍⤮ࡣ෗ࡍࡇ࡜ࡤ࠿ࡾࡋ࡚䣍⮬ศࡢᛮࡘࡓࡇ࡜ࡀᥥࡅ࡞࠿ࡘࡓ
࡚䣓ᶆᮏࡢ෗⏕䣔
䣓ᶆᮏⓗࡢ⏬ࡤ࠿ࡾ䣔ࢆᥥࡃࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ䣎
䣓௒ࡶṧᛕ࡟ᛮࡘ
Ꮚ࡛࠶䣬࡚ࡶዪᛶ࡛࠶ࡿ䣓⚾䣔ࡀࡇࡢ⥅ᢎ࡟㛵୚࡛ࡁࡿࡢࡣ䣓ຓᡭ䣔࡜ࡋ
㛵ಀ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ḷ⯙ఄ࡞࡝ࡢఏ⤫ⱁ⬟࡟ࡳࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞㛵ಀ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺䣎
⧅ ࡈ ࠺ ࡜ ࡍ ࡿ ⇕ ព ࡜ ⮬ ࡽ ࢆ ࡑ ࡢ ᩥ ໬ ࡢ ா ཷ ྐ ࡢ ୰ ࡟ ᢞ ࡌ ࡼ ࠺ ࡜ ࡍ ࡿ ព ᚿ࡛
䣓୺ே䣔࡜᱓ྡ࡟ྥ࠿࠺㌴୰࡛䣍䣓୺ேࡣᛌࡆ࡟ᒃ╀ࡾࢆࡋ࡚ࢄࡿ䣎ᑡࡋぢ
ࡀㄒࡿࡢࡣ䣍ᖺ⪁࠸࡚ྠᒃࡋࡓ∗ࡢ⾤㐨Ṍࡁ࡟௜ࡁྜ࠺ࡇ࡜࡛䣓ᮾᾏ㐨ே✀䣔
࡚Ꮚ࡜ࡋ࡚ᙜ↛ᢪ࠸ࡓ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺∗࡬ࡢ␲ၥࡸᢈุࢆᑠᯇ࡟ㄒࡽࡏ࡞࠸䣎ᑠᯇ
ࡓᩥ໬࡜ࡑࡢாཷྐ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡑࢀࡺ࠼䣍⾤㐨ࡢ⁻Ἡ⪅࡜࡞䣬ࡓసᴦ஭࡟ᑐࡋ
䣕ᮾᾏ㐨஬༑୕ḟ䣖ࡀᥥࡇ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࡢࡣ䣍⾤㐨࡜࠸࠺✵㛫࡟࠾࠸࡚๰㐀ࡉࢀ
ாཷࡣ∗Ꮚ࡟ࡼ䣬࡚ᮍ᮶࡟ྥ࠿䣬࡚⥅⥆ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᥥ࠸࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿ䣎
グࡢࡼ࠺࡞㠃ࡶ࠶ࡿ䣎ࡋࡓࡀ䣬࡚䣍ᮾᾏ㐨࡜࠸࠺⾤㐨ࡀ๰㐀ࡋ࡚᮶ࡓᩥ໬ࡢ
ᮾᾏ㐨࡟㨩ࡏࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ䣓⚾䣔࡜ኵ࡟ㄒࡿࡼ࠺࡟䣍సᴦ஭∗Ꮚࡢ༙⏕
ࡿ䣎ࡲࡓ䣍ᚋ༙࡛సᴦ஭ࡢᜥᏊ࡛࠶ࡿᑠᯇᢏᖌࡀⓏሙࡋ䣍∗࡜ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡟ᪧ
ᛶࡀ∗࡜ኵ࡜࡟ࡼ䣬࡚䣓ᮾᾏ㐨ே✀䣔࡜࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡃ༙⏕ࢆㄒࡿᙧ࡟࡞䣬࡚࠸
ᮾᾏ㐨ࡢ㨩ຊ࡟ᅃࢃࢀࡓேࢆ᫬㛫ࡢὶࢀࡢ୰࡟ᥥࡁ䣍
䣓⚾䣔࡜࠸࠺୍ேࡢዪ
࡟௦ࢃ䣬࡚䣓ᶆᮏࡢ෗⏕䣔ࢆ䣓ዪᏊ⨾⾡ฟࡢேࢆ㞠ࡘ࡚㈔ࡘ࡚䣔࡜࠶ࡿࡢࡶ䣍
Ꮚࡢ㡢ᴦᩍ⫱࡟࠾ࡅࡿ䣓ຓᡭ䣔࡜࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ぢ࡚ࡼ࠸䣎⫱ඣ࡟ከᛁ࡞䣓⚾䣔
స᭤ᐙ䣍ࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࢀࡣ⏨ᛶ࡛࠶ࡿ࡟㐪࠸࡞࠸ࡢࡔࡀ䣍ࡢᘵᏊ࡜ࡍࡿ࡭ࡃ䣍ᜥ
ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡣタᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽ䣍䣓⚾䣔ࡣࡇࡢᜥᏊࢆ㡢ᴦᏛᰯࡢ
౪䣔ࡣ䣓Ꮚ౪ࡢ୰䣔࡛ࡶ䣓⏨ࡢᏊ䣔࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡚䣍䣓⚾䣔࡟㡢ᴦⓗᡯ⬟ࡀ࠶
㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ẕ࡛࠶ࡿ䣓⚾䣔ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿䣬ࡓ⊂๰ᛶࡢⓎ᥹ࢆᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿ䣓Ꮚ
㛫ࢆ୍ேసࡾᗘ࠸࡜㦵ᢡࡘ࡚ࢄࡿ䣔࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡟䣍⌧ᅾࡢᖾ⚟ឤࡢ୰࡟྾࠸
᭤ᐙ࡟௙❧࡚࢏䣔
䣍
䣓ඡ࡟ゅ䣍⮬ศࡢ⬚࠿ࡽฟࡿࡶࡢࢆᛮࡩࡲ࢏⾲⌧࡛ࡁࡿே
࡞୙‶ࡍࡽ䣍
䣓Ꮚ౪ࡢ୰ࡢ୍ே࡛㡢ᴦዲࡁࡢ⏨ࡢᏊ䣔ࡀ࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡑࡢᏊࢆ䣓స
᭷ࡋࡓᖾ⚟࡞᫬㛫ࡣỌ㐲࡟⥆ࡃ࠿࡜ㄞ⪅࡟ᛮࢃࡏࡿ䣎
䣓⚾䣔ࡀᢪࡃࡉࡉࡸ࠿
Ỷ㌴࡟஌䣬࡚
࠼ฟࡋࡓࡘࡴࡌࡢⓑ㧥ࡀࡣࡡ࡚ගࡿ䣎䣔࡛࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡟䣍ࡲࡉ࡟䣍ே⏕࡜࠸࠺
ࡢ௰㛫ධࡾࢆࡋࡓࡇ࡜䣍ᮾᾏ㐨ࢆ䣓᪥ᮏࡢ୍኱ほග㐨➽䣔࡜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ䣓⏕
䣓ຓᡭ䣔䥾ዪᛶ࡜࠸࠺ᙉᅛ࡞⧅ࡀࡾࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎
ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎䣓⚾䣔࡜࠸࠺ዪᛶࡀ⮬㌟ࡢ༙⏕ࢆㄒࡿᙧᘧࢆ⏝࠸࡚䣍∗
Ꮚࡢሙྜ࡛ࡶ䣍࡝ࡕࡽࡶ኱ࡁ࡞㞀ᐖ࡞ࡃᩥ໬㑇⏘ࡢⓎᒎⓗ⥅ᢎࡀᡂࡋ㐙ࡆࡽ
࡛࠶ࡿ䣎䣓⚾䣔࡟ࡼ䣬࡚⤖ࡤࢀࡓ⩏∗Ꮚࡢሙྜ࡛ࡶ䣍సᴦ஭࡜ᑠᯇ࡜࠸࠺∗
ุⓗ࡞ゝཬࡣஈࡋ࠸䣎ᜥᏊࡢᑠᯇࡣ∗ࡢ⏕ࡁ᪉ࢆཷࡅධࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎ䣍
࡜ࡣ࠸࠼䣍ᐙᗞࢆ኱ษ࡟ࡋࡓኵ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃ∗࡛ࡶ࡞࠸సᴦ஭࡬ࡢᐙ᪘࠿ࡽࡢᢈ
సᴦ஭ࡢጔᏊࡢ᪉࡟┠ࢆྥࡅ࡚ࡳࢀࡤ䣍ᐙ᪘ࢆ⤒῭ⓗᅔ❓࡟㝗ࢀ࡞࠿䣬ࡓ
䥹㸶䥺
୍⥴࡟᪑ࡋ࡚᮶ࡓ୰ᖺኵ፬ࡢᖾ⚟࡞ே⏕䣍ࡘࡲࡾ஧ேࡀඹ
ᾭࡢ஦ᴗ࡟ࡋࡓ࠸䣔࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜䣍ࡘࡲࡾᩥ໬㑇⏘ࡢⓎᒎⓗ⥅ᢎ࡜࠸࠺᫂ࡿࡉ
䣕ᮾᾏ㐨஬༑୕ḟ䣖ࡣ䣍స୰࡛䣓ᮾᾏ㐨ே✀䣔䣓࠾௰㛫䣔࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ䣍ᪧ
࠶ࡿ䣎
ࡇࡢ䣓▱䣔࡜ࡣ䣍⾤㐨ࡢ㛗࠸Ṕྐࡢ୰࡛䣍⮬ࡽᮃࢇ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᅗࡽࡎࡶ⾤
࡛ࡢㆡΏ࡛࠶䣬ࡓ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿ䣎
ࡿ䣎ࡇࡢ⤖፧ࡣ䣍ᖌ໶ࡀᣢࡘᪧᮾᾏ㐨࡟ࡲࡘࢃࡿ䣓▱䣔ࡢᘵᏊ࡬ࡢ᏶඲࡞ࡲ
303
˱⅝ஙↄ↷≝‫ޢ‬ஜⅺ↝‫܇‬ⅤிෙᢊʞҗɤഏⅥ↗඾޽˲‫܇‬Ⅴӂ‫ྛ܇‬Ⅵ⃬⃬Ⅰജ்Ⅱႎࣱ఍⇁ᙻࡈ↚
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
ࢆ᭱ึ࠿ࡽෆ࡟ᢪ࠼㎸ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿⅬ䣍ャࡳ㎸ࡴሙᡤࡣ↓సⅭ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃつ⠊࡟༶
㢮ᆺ໬࡞ࡋ࡟ࡣព⩏ࢆᣢࡓ࡞࠸⾲⌧ᙧᘧ࡛࠶ࡿࡋ䣍䣓㢮ᆺ࡟㝗ࡾࡸࡍ࠸ഴྥ䣔
ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᵓ㐀ࢆࡶ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ྡᡤḷᯖ࡜࠸࠺⾲⌧ᙧᘧࡸ⨾ព㆑ࡣ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࡢ
ࡲࡓ䣍࣓ࢺࢽ࣑䤀ⓗⓎ᝿ࡸ⾲⌧ࡣሙྜ࡟ࡼ䣬࡚ࡣ௚⪅࡟ᑐࡋ࡚᤼௚ⓗ࡟࡞
ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽ䣍ࡇࡢⓎ᝿ࡢᙉᅛࡉࡣ㦫ࡃ࡯࡝࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ゝࢃࡡࡤ࡞ࡿࡲ࠸䣎䥹㸴䥺
ࡣᩥᏛ୍⯡ࢆ㉸࠼࡚䣍౛࠼ࡤྡᡤྐ㊧࡛࠶ࢀࡤᅵ⏘ရ࡞࡝࡟ࡶᗈࡀ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ
ጾ࠶ࡿࣔࣀ䣔࡟䣓౫Ꮡࡋ࡚Ⓨ᝿ࡍࡿ䣔ࡇ࡜ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ࣓ࢺࢽ࣑䤀ⓗⓎ᝿ࡢὶᇦ
࠶ࡿࣔࣀ࡜ࡢ㞄᥋ᛶ࡟ᣐ䣬࡚Ⓨ᝿ࡍࡿ䣔࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡜ࡋ࡚ࡼ࠸ࡔࢁ࠺䣎䣓ᶒ
ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎
࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡋࡓࡀ䣬࡚䣍⊃⩏ࡢḷᯖ࡜ୖグ஧సရ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ᤣ࠼࡚⪃ᐹ
࠺᪉ἲ䣍㛫ࢸࢡࢫࢺᛶ࡞࡝ࢆḷᯖⓗᛶ᱁࡜ࡋ࡚࡜ࡽ࠼䣍ḷᯖࡢᴫᛕࢆᣑ኱ࡋ
࡞ࡽࡎ䣍ྂ඾ᩥᏛసရࡢཷᐜ࡜⥅ᢎࢆ᰿ᗏ࡛ᨭ࠼࡚ാ࠸࡚࠸ࡿຊࡸᘬ⏝࡜࠸
ຍ࠼࡚ᮏㄽ⪃࡛ࡣ䣍ྡᡤḷᯖࢆ᰿ᗏ࡛ᨭ࠼䣍ෆᅾࡋࡓᬯ㯲ࡢ஢ゎࡸ⌮ゎࡢࡳ
࠼ࡢ฼⏝౯್ࡢ㧗ࡉࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ᝿ᐃ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜ࡲ࡜ࡵ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸䣎䥹㸵䥺
ᢪ࠼㎸ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜䣍୍᪉࡛䣍ᗈ⠊࠿ࡘᙉᅛ࡞ᙳ㡪ຊࢆⓎ᥹ࡍࡿࡀࡺ
ጾ໬࡟῝ࡃ࠿࠿ࢃࡿ⾲⌧ᙧᘧ࡛䣍䣓㢮ᆺ࡟㝗ࡾࡸࡍ࠸ഴྥ䣔ࢆ᭱ึ࠿ࡽෆ࡟
ᡂࡾ❧ࡘࡀ䣍⊃࠸⠊ᅖෆ࡛ࡢࡇ࡜ࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟㛗࠸᫬㛫ࢆ࠿ࡅ࡚ᗈ⠊ᅖ࡟ர䣬ࡓ
࣑䤀⾲⌧࡛࠶ࡿྡᡤḷᯖࡣಶேࡸ௰㛫ෆࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡈࡃ⊃࠸⠊ᅖ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ
ྲྀࡾࡶ㛫ࢸࢡࢫࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚⪃࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛䣍ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ㠃࡛ࡢ⪃ᐹ࡟ࡘ
ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣὠᓥభᏊ䣕པᏊ⋤䣖ࡀዲ౛࡜࡞ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺䣎ࡲࡓ䣍ྡᡤḷᯖࡶᮏḷ
஧ࡘࡢᣦ᦬ࡢ࠺ࡕ๓⪅࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᒸᮏ࠿ࡢᏊ䣕ᮾᾏ㐨஬༑୕ḟ䣖ࡀ䣍ᚋ⪅࡟
௨ୗ࡛ࡣ䣍ࡇࡢ≉㉁࡬ࡢ⌮ゎࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉࡜⏝࠸᪉ࢆၥ㢟࡜ࡋࡓ࠸䣎ඛ࡯࡝ࡢ
ࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ䣎๰సࡢሙࡸாཷࡢሙ࡛᤼㝖ࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ࡍࡿ
࡞ࡆ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ䣎
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛᤼௚ⓗ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿ䣎࣓ࢺࢽ࣑䤀ⓗⓎ᝿ࡸ࣓ࢺࢽ
ࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㢮ᆺ໬ࡉࢀࡓⓎ᝿ᙧᘧࡸ⾲⌧ᙧᘧ࡟⩦⇍ࡋ࡚࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽࡎ䣍ࡑ
ࢀࡣࡉࡽ࡞ࡿ㢮ᆺ໬࡜ᶒጾ໬ࢆ㐍ࡵ䣍䣓㢮ᆺ࡟㝗ࡾࡸࡍ࠸ഴྥ䣔࡜࠸࠺ḞⅬ
䣕ᮾᾏ㐨஬༑୕ḟ䣖ࡣᪧᮾᾏ㐨࡜࠸࠺✵㛫ࢆ⯙ྎ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡇࡢ⾤㐨࡟㨩ࡏࡽ
☜࠿࡟ࡑࢀࡣྡᡤḷᯖࡢḞⅬ࡟ࡣ㐪࠸࡞࠸䣎ࡔࡀ䣍䣓㢮ᆺ࡟㝗ࡾࡸࡍ࠸ഴ
ࢀࡓேࠎࢆᥥ࠸ࡓ▷⦅࡛࠶ࡿ䣎⾤㐨࡟㨩ࡏࡽࢀࡓ⤖ᯝ䣍ጔᏊࢆᤞ࡚࡚⁻Ἡࡢ
୕
ྥ䣔ࡣ䣍ࡑࢀࡀ㢮ᆺ໬ࡋࡓⓎ᝿ࡸ⾲⌧ᙧᘧ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࡺ࠼࡟䣍ᗈ⠊࠿ࡘᙉᅛ࡞
⏕άࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿసᴦ஭ࡀゝ࠺䣓ᔐࡾ㎸ࢇࡔࡽᢤࡅࡽࢀࡲࡏࢇࡐ䣔
ࡸ䣓㣩࡟࠿࢏
ࢆ⏕ࡴ䣎
ᙳ㡪ຊࢆᣢ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎䣓ᅛ᭷ࡢ᝟⥴ⓗ࢖࣓䤀ࢪ䣔ᙧᡂ࡟ྥࡅࡽࢀࡓᮇ㛫ࡣ᪥
ࡘࡓ⽥ࡢࡸ࠺࡟࡞ࡿ䣔࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥ㏻ࡾ࡟䣍ㄒࡾᡭࡢ䣓⚾䣔ࡶࡲࡓ⾤㐨ࡢ㨩ຊ
ᑟࡁᡭࡣ䣓⚾䣔ࡢ∗࡜䣓୺ே䣔࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ኵ࡛࠶ࡿ䣓୺ே䣔ࡣ∗࡜ࡣᖌᘵ࡛
ᮏᩥᏛࡢṔྐ࡟࠾࠸࡚▷ࡃࡣ࡞࠸ࡋ䣍⇕ពࡢᡂᯝࡣᾘ࠼ཤࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡃ⏕ࡁ⥆
ࡢ࣓ࢺࢽ࣑䤀ⓗⓎ᝿ࡸ⾲⌧ࡢ㝈⏺࡜༴࠺ࡉ࡟┠ࢆྥࡅࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ୍᪉࡛䣍
࠶ 䣬 ࡓ 䣎 ᘵ Ꮚࡣ ᖌ໶ ࡀ ⵔ 㞟 ࡋ ࡓ ᪧ ᮾ ᾏ 㐨࡟ 㛵ࡍ ࡿ ᩘ ࠎ ࡢ ရ ࡜ Ꮫ ㆑ ࡍ ࡞ ࢃ ࡕ
࡟៰࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡃ䣎
࣓ࢺࢽ࣑䤀ⓗⓎ᝿ࢆ฼⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼ䣬࡚᪂ࡓ࡞ࡿ䣓㢮ᆺ䣔ࡸ䣓ᅛ᭷ࡢ᝟⥴
䣓▱䣔࡜ࡑࢀࢆᨭ࠼ࡿ䣓㈨ᩱ䣔࡜ᖌ໶ࡢፉ࡜ࢆㆡࡾཷࡅࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎∗ࡣፉ
ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᛮ࠼ࡤ䣍ḞⅬ࡜ࡤ࠿ࡾࡣゝ࠸㞴࠸୍㠃ࡀ࠶ࡾࡣࡋ࡞࠸࠿䣎ࡇ
ⓗ࢖࣓䤀ࢪ䣔ࢆసࡾฟࡍࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡶ┠ࢆྥࡅ࡚࠸ࡃᚲ
࡜ࡢ⤖፧࡟ࡼ䣬࡚䣓▱䣔ࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎඃ⚽࡞䣓ຓᡭ䣔ࢆࡶㆡࡾཷࡅࡓࡇ࡜࡟࡞
࡛࠶ࡿ䣓⚾䣔ࢆ∗ࡢඃ⚽࡞䣓ຓᡭ䣔࡜ࡋ࡚⫱࡚ୖࡆ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛䣍ᘵᏊࡣ䣓⚾䣔
ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ䣍ྡᡤḷᯖ࡜࠸࠺᝟⥴ⓗ⾲⌧ᙧᘧࡸ⨾ព㆑ࡀ᰿ᮏⓗ࡟㢮ᆺ໬࡜ᶒ
せࡀ࠶ࡿ䣎䣓ḞⅬ䣔ࢆ⏕ࡴཎᅉࢆ㏫࡟฼⏝ࡋࡓ᪉ἲ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿ䣎
304
ḷᖌ࡟ࡼ䣬࡚సࡽࢀࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ䣍ྡᡤḷᯖࡢ䣓ᅛ᭷ࡢ᝟⥴ⓗ࢖࣓䤀ࢪ䣔
ᙧᡂ࡬ࡢ⇕ពࢆ♧ࡍ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟䣍ࡑࡢ⇕ពࡇࡑࡀ䥹භ䥺࡟࠸࠺䣓㢮ᆺ࡟㝗ࡾࡸ
ࡍ࠸ഴྥ䣔ࢆ⏕ࡴࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎
ඛ㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟䣍䣓ᨾᐇ䣔࡜ࡢᙉᅛ࡞㐃⤖࡟ࡼ䣬࡚ྡᡤḷᯖ࡜࠸࠺≉ู࡞
ᆅ䣍ሙᡤ࡜࡞ࡿ࡜ࡋࡓࡀ䣍㐃⤖ࡣ㞄᥋࡜ゝ࠸᥮࠼࡚ࡶࡼ࠸䣎࠶ࡿሙᡤࡀ䣓ᨾ
࿴ḷ䣔ࡢ㡯࡛ࡣ䣓ྡᡤ࿴ḷࡣ༢࡟ᆅྡࢆ↓సⅭ࡟ャࡳ㎸ࡴࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ䣍ྡᡤ
䣓㐂ᆏ䣔࡜䣓㐂࠺䣔
䣍ࢆ࠶ࡆ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡲࡓ䥹୕䥺࡜䥹୐䥺࡟㛵㐃ࡋ࡚䣍
䣓ྡᡤ
䥹஬䥺ࡢලయⓗ⏝ἲ౛࡟ࡣ䣍ձࡀ㱟⏣ᕝ࡜⣚ⴥ䣍ղࡀྂࡧࡓ㛗᯶ࡢᶫ䣍ճࡀ
ࡢ㆜႘ḷࢆධࡾཱྀ࡟ࡋ࡚႘ࡢཎ⌮ࢆ࿴ḷ⾲⌧࡟㔜ࡡ࡚ࡳࡿࡇ࡜ࢆࡋ䣍ࡑࡢㄽ
ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍ࡑࡢཎ⌮ࡣ㞄᥋ᛶ࡟ᣐ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎䥹㸲䥺⳥ụጾ㞝ࡣ䣕୓ⴥ㞟䣖
࠸䣬࡚ࡼ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࢁ࠺࠿䣎ゝ࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃ䣍࣓ࢺࢽ࣑䤀࡜ࡣࣞࢺࣜ䣹ࢡ
ሙᡤ࡜࡞ࡿ䣎ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓⓎ᝿ࡸ⾲⌧ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࡣ࣓ࢺࢽ࣑䤀ⓗࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ᥮႘ⓗ࡜
ᐇ䣔࡜ࡢ㛫࡟ᙉᅛ࡞㞄᥋ᛶࢆࡶ䣬ࡓ࡜ࡁ䣍ࡑࡢሙᡤࡣྡᡤḷᯖ࡜࠸࠺≉ู࡞
ࡢࡶࡘᅛ᭷ࡢ᝟⥴ⓗ࢖࣓䤀ࢪࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚䣍୍㤳඲య࡟㔜ᒙᛶࢆࡶࡓࡏ䣍వ᝟
ࢆḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟⤖ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ䣎
ḷᏛࡢ℃ṳ࡛࠶ࡿ䣕ḷ⤒ᶆᘧ䣖ࡢ᭱ࡶ㈗㔜࡞ᡂᯝࡣ䣍䣓᪂ព䣔ࡀ䣓ྂ஦
䥹႘䥺䣔࡟ࡼ䣬࡚⿦ࢃࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᵓ㐀ࡢⓎ᥀࡛࠶䣬ࡓ䣎
ᅜࠎࡢḷᯖᩘࡶ▱ࡽࡎከ࠿ࢀ࡝䣍ࡑࡢḷࡢጼ࡟ࡋࡓࡀࡦ࡚ャࡴ࡭ࡁᡤࡢ࠶ࡿ
㧗ᶫࡣࡌࡵ஦඾㢮ࡶࡳ࡞㬞㛗᫂䣕↓ྡᢒ䣖࠿ࡽ䣓ྡᡤࢆྲྀࡿ࡟ࡣᨾᐇ࠶ࡾ䣎
ࡢᇶᮏᆺ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍䣓ᐤ≀䣔ࡣ䣓ྂ஦䣔ࡢᙺ๭ࢆᢸ࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ྂ௒௬ྡ
᰿ᣐ࡟ᤣ࠼ࡿ᪉ἲ࡟࡯࠿࡞ࡽࡎ䥹୰␎䥺୓ⴥࡢᐤ≀㝞ᛮࡣࡲࡉ࡟࿴ḷ⾲⌧
ࣔࣀ࡟౫Ꮡࡋ࡚Ⓨ᝿ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ䣎႘ࡣ␗⏺ࡢࣔࣀ䣍ࡑࡢᶒጾࢆᚰ᝟ࡢ
࿴ḷ⾲⌧ࡢᇶᮏࡣ䣍௨㝆ࡢḷᏛࡀ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟䣍ᶒጾ࠶ࡿ
࡞ࡾ䣔ࢆ࠶ࡆࡿࡼ࠺࡟䣍࠶ࡿᅵᆅࡣ䣓ᨾᐇ䣔࡜ࡢᙉᅛ࡞㐃⤖࡟ࡼ䣬࡚ྡᡤḷ
ᗎࡢ䣓ぢࡿࡶࡢ⪺ࡃࡶࡢ䣔ࡶྠᵝ࡛䣍ࡑࢀ࡟䣓ࡘࡅ࡚䣔ḷ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀⓎ᝿ࡢ
࡛࠶ࡾ㞞ࡧࡢつ⠊࡛࠶ࡿḷᯖ࡜࠸࠺ᴫᛕࢆ⏕ࡳࡔࡋ䣍ࡑࢀࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚Ⓨ᝿
ᯖ࡜࠸࠺≉ู࡞ሙᡤ࡜࡞ࡿࡢ࡛࠶䣬࡚䣍ḷᯖ࡜࠸࠺⾲⌧ᙧᘧ࡜⨾ព㆑ࡢつ⠊
ྡᡤḷᯖࢆャࡳ㎸ࢇࡔḷ࡜ࡣ䣍ャࡳᡭࡶ⪺ࡁᡭ䥹ㄞࡳᡭ䥺ࡶ䣓ᅛ᭷ࡢ᝟⥴
ࡍࡿャ㢼ࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡋ࡚࠸䣬ࡓ䣎ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ࿴ḷ⾲⌧ࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࡣ䣍ᮏḷྲྀࡾ࡜
ᇶᮏ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ࿴ḷ⾲⌧ࡢⓎ⏕ⓗ࡞ᵝᘧࡣ䣍ࡸࡀ࡚⨾ព㆑ࡢලయീ
ⓗ࢖࣓䤀ࢪ䣔ࡢ㔜ᒙᛶࡢ୰࡟࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸䣎䣓ᅛ᭷ࡢ᝟⥴ⓗ࢖࣓䤀ࢪ䣔
࠸࠺ᡭἲࡲ࡛ᆅ⥆ࡁࡔ䣬ࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎䥹㸳䥺
ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺䣎㙊಴ᮎᮇ࠿ࡽ༡໭ᮅᮇ࡟࠿ࡅ࡚⦅⧩ࡉࢀࡓከ㔞ࡢྡᡤḷ
㞟ࡣసḷ౽ぴ࡛࠶䣬ࡓࡋ䣍ᐊ⏫ᮇ௨㝆ࡣᡭᘬ᭩ࢆවࡡࡓ኱㒊࡞ྡᡤḷ㞟ࡀ㐃
⳥ụࡢゝ࠺䣓ᶒጾ࠶ࡿࣔࣀ࡟౫Ꮡࡋ࡚Ⓨ᝿ࡍࡿࡇ࡜䣔࡜ࡣࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ䣓ᶒጾ
ࡢ ඹ ᭷ ࡀ ࡞ ࠸ ሙ ྜ ࡣ ャ ࡳ ᡭ ࡀ ᮃࡴ ࡼ ࠺ ࡞ 㔜 ᒙ ᛶ ࢆ ࡶ 䣬 ࡓ ゎ 㔘 ࡣ ࡞ ࡉ ࢀ ࡞ ࠸
ࡣ㛗࠸᫬㛫ࢆ࠿ࡅ࡚ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎
࠾ࡅࡿ㐃ḷᖌ࡟ࡼࡿྡᡤḷ㞟ࡢ⦅⧩࡞࡝ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎
ࡾ䣍ྡᡤ㢟ḷྜࡢὶ⾜䣍ྡᡤ㞟ᡂࡸྡᡤⓒ㤳䣍ḷᯖ◊✲᭩ࡢฟ⌧䣍ᐊ⏫ᮇ࡟
ࡋ࡚⥅ᢎࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡃ㐣⛬࡟ࡣ䣍ᒊ㢼ḷࡢὶ⾜࡟క࠺ྡᡤ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㛵ᚰࡢ㧗ࡲ
ࡢᆅྡࡀᖹᏳᚋᮇ࡟ḷᯖ࡜ࡋ࡚ᅛᐃ໬ࡉࢀ䣍ࡸࡀ࡚㏆ୡ࡟࠾࠸࡚ྡᡤ◊✲࡜
ࢆ῝ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ⌮᝿࡜ࡋࡓ䣔࡜࠶ࡿ䣎䣕୓ⴥ㞟䣖௨᮶ャࡳ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚ࡁࡓከࡃ
࠸䣬ࡓ⾲⌧ຠᯝࡀ࠶ࡿ䣎
䥹୐䥺䣓ḷᯖࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࡢྂḷࡢ㐃᝿䣔࡟ࡼ䣬࡚䣓వ᝟⾲⌧ࡸಟ㎡ⓗᕤኵ䣔࡜
䥹භ䥺ḷᯖࢆャࡳ㎸ࡴሙྜࡢḞⅬ࡜ࡋ࡚䣓㢮ᆺ࡟㝗ࡾࡸࡍ࠸ഴྥ䣔ࡀ࠶ࡿ䣎
௚ࡢព࿡ࢆ㐃᝿ࡍࡿ➼ࡀ࠶ࡿ䣎
䥹஬䥺୺࡞⏝ἲ࡟䣍ձ≉ᐃࡢᬒ≀࡜⤖ࡧࡘࡃղ≉ᐃࡢ༳㇟ࢆక࠺ճ᥃モⓗ࡟
䥹ᅄ䥺ᯖモ࣭ᗎモ࣭⦕ㄒ࣭᥃モ➼ࡢಟ㎡ࢆే⏝ࡍࡿ䣎
305
˱⅝ஙↄ↷≝‫ޢ‬ஜⅺ↝‫܇‬ⅤிෙᢊʞҗɤഏⅥ↗඾޽˲‫܇‬Ⅴӂ‫ྛ܇‬Ⅵ⃬⃬Ⅰജ்Ⅱႎࣱ఍⇁ᙻࡈ↚
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
ࡣ㏆௦࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ᭷ຠᛶࢆᣢ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡳ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ࡢࡣ䣍
࿴ḷࡢఏ⤫ⓗ࡞リḷほࡢᡤ⏘䣔࡜ࡋ䣍ྡᡤḷᯖࡢᢳ㇟ᛶ࡜ල㇟ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ḟ
࠶ࡿ䣎㧗ᶫⰋ㞝ࡣ䣓ḷᯖ࡟ࡼ䣬࡚ᥥ࠿ࢀࡿ䣍ḷேࡓࡕࡢᚰ㇟ෆࡢཎ㢼ᬒࡣ䣍
ᓥభᏊࡀ᫛࿴஬༑஑䥹୍஑ඵᅄ䥺ᖺࡢ䣕⩌ീ䣖ᅄ᭶ྕ࡟Ⓨ⾲ࡋࡓ䣕པᏊ⋤䣖
༑୕䥹୍஑୕ඵ䥺ᖺඵ᭶࡟䣕᪂᪥ᮏ䣖࡟Ⓨ⾲ࡋࡓ䣕ᮾᾏ㐨஬༑୕ḟ䣖࡜䣍ὠ
ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ 䣎 ᩥ Ꮫ ࡜ 㢼 ᅵ ࡜ ࡀ ⌧ ᐇ ࢆ ㉸࠼ ࡚ ⤖ ࡤ ࢀ ࡓ ࡜ࡇ ࢁ ࡟ ⌧ ࢀ ࡓ ḷ ᯖ ࡣ 䣍
ࡽ ࡞ ࠸ ሙ ྜ ࡟ ࡶ 䣍 ࡑ ࡢ ᆅ ྡ ࡟ ࡼ 䣬࡚ ඹ ㏻ ࡟ ᛮ ࠸ ᾋ ࠿ ࡭ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ୍ ࡘ ࡢ 㢼 ᬒ
ḷ ࢆ ャ ࡴ ே ࡶ 䣍 ࡑ ࡢ ḷ ࢆ ா ཷ ࡍ ࡿ ே ࡶ 䣍 ḷ ࡟ ャ ࡲ ࢀ ࡓ ྡ ᡤ ࡢ ᐇ ែࢆ ▱
䥹ྠᖺභ᭶䣍ㅮㄯ♫ࡼࡾห⾜ࡢ㐃స▷⦅㞟䣕㐂㨱≀ㄒ䣖ᡤ཰䥺ࢆᑐ㇟࡟⪃ᐹ
ࡑ ࡢ ᪂ ࡋ ࠸ 㢼 ᬒ ࡟ ࡼ 䣬࡚ ⨾ ࡢ 㐀 ᙧ ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ල ㇟ ᛶ ࢆ ศ ᢸ ࡍ ࡿ 䣎 ࡑ ࢀ ࡣ ୓
ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᣦ᦬ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎䥹㸰䥺
ྡ ᡤ ḷ ᯖ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ ⾲ ⌧ ᙧᘧ ࡸ ᘬ ࡁ ḷ ⓗ࡞ ᡭἲ ࡀ ᑠ ㄝ ࡢ ୰࡟ ࠾ ࠸࡚ ᘬ ⏝࡜ ࠸ ࠺
ᙧ࡛᫬௦ࡸ♫఍ࡢኚ໬ࡢ୰࡛࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᢅࢃࢀࡿࡢ࠿䣍࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ䣎
ࢆຍ࠼࡚ࡳࡓ࠸䣎ྡᡤḷᯖ࡜࠸࠺⾲⌧ᙧᘧࡸ⨾ព㆑ࡣ㏆௦࡟࠾࠸࡚࡝ࡢࡼ࠺
ⴥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿླྀᬒ࡜ࡣ㐪䣬ࡓ䣍ࡼࡾᩥⱁⓗ࡞ླྀᬒ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎
ᮏㄽ⪃࡛ࡣ䣍㏆⌧௦ࡢᑠㄝ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࡑࡢᵝ┦࡟ࡘ࠸࡚䣍ᒸᮏ࠿ࡢᏊࡀ᫛࿴
࡟⥅ᢎࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿䣍ࡲࡓ䣍≀ㄒᩥᏛ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᘬࡁḷⓗ࡞ᡭἲࡣᑠㄝ࡟࠾ࡅ
ࣞࢺࣜ䣹ࢡ⮬యࡀᖖዓⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ䣍ࡑࢀࡽࡀᙉᅛ࡞ᵓ㐀ⓗ࣓ࢱࣇ䣴䤀䣍࢔ࢼ
ࡣ࡞࠸䣎ࡴࡋࢁ䣓ே⏕ࡣ᪑࡛࠶ࡿ䣔࡜࠿䣓Ṕྐࡣᕝࡢὶࢀ࡛࠶ࡿ䣔࡜࠸䣬ࡓ
䣵 ࢸ 䣵 䤀 ࢆ ே ࡜ ᫬ 㛫 ࡜ ࡢ 㛵 ಀ ࠿ ࡽ ᪑ ࢆ ࣓ ࢱ ࣇ 䣴 䤀 ࡜ ࡋ࡚ ᥥ ࡃ ࡇ ࡜ ࡣ ⌋ ࡋ ࡃ
ࡿ௨๓࡟ḷே࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ㠃ࡀ࠶ࡿ䣎ಶேࡢ୍⏕ࡸ୍ᐙ୍᪘ࡢṔྐ䣍࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ
࡟๎ࡿ࠿ࡢࡼ࠺࡟஧ே㐃ࢀ࡛᪑ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎䥹㸯䥺ࡲࡓ䣍࠿ࡢᏊ࡟ࡣᑠㄝᐙ࡜࡞
࠿ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ䣍Ⓩሙே≀ࡀᐇ㝿࡟࠸ࢃࡺࡿྡᡤḷᯖࡸྐ㊧ࢆ䣕ᮾᾏ㐨୰⭸ᰩẟ䣖
࠺࡟ྥࡁྜ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿䣎ࡇࡢ஧సࡣ࡝ࡕࡽࡶዪᛶసᐙ࡟ࡼ䣬࡚᭩
ᙧᘧࡸ⨾ព㆑࡟ෆᅾࡋࡓᬯ㯲ࡢ஢ゎࡸඹ㏻⌮ゎ䣍ゎ㔘࡟ᑐࡋ࡚୧సࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ
ࡿḷㄒࡸ㢟ᮦࡢព࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀ䣍ࡑࢀࡽ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢゎㄝ᭩ྡ࡟ࡶ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ
䥹୍䥺ᖹᏳ୰ᮇࡈࢁࡲ࡛ࡣ䣍ḷモ࣭ᯖモ࣭ྡᡤ࣭ḷ㢟࡞࡝࿴ḷ࡟ャࡳ㎸ࡲࢀ
඾䣖ࡢグ㏙࡟ᇶ࡙ࡅࡤ௨ୗࡢ୐㡯┠࡟ᩚ⌮࡛ࡁࡼ࠺䣎䥹㸱䥺
࡜࡟ࡼࡾ䣍ᩥⱁⓗ⾲⌧ࢆࡼࡾ」㞧࡞ࡶࡢ࡜ࡍࡿ䣔࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎䣕࿴ḷᩥᏛ஦
ᯖ࡜ࡋ࡚䣍ࡑࡢᆅ࡟⤖ࡧ௜ࡅࡽࢀࡓ࿴ḷⓗෆᐜࢆ≀ㄒୡ⏺࡟㔜ࡡྜࢃࡏࡿࡇ
࠾࠸࡚ࡣ䣓≀ㄒ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⯙ྎ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡑࡢሙᡤࢆ♧ࡍᆅྡ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟䣍ḷ
᮶ࡢླྀᬒᛶࢆ඲ࡃኻ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠿䣬ࡓ䣔࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡲࡓ䣍ᖹᏳᮅᩓᩥᏛ࡟
ࡿ⹫ᵓࡢ㢼ᬒ䣔࡜࡞ࡿࡀ䣍ࡋ࠿ࡋ䣓ḷᯖࡣࡑࢀࡀᆅྡ࡞ࡿࡀᨾ࡟䥹୰␎䥺ᮏ
࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡣ⌧ᐇࡢ㢼ᬒ࡜ࡣ␗࡞䣬ࡓᵝ┦ࢆ࿊ࡋ࡚䣓ḷࡢୡ⏺࡟ࡔࡅᏑᅾࡍ
ࡿᘬ⏝࡜࠸࠺ᙧ࡛࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᢅࢃࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࡢ࠿䣎ྡᡤḷᯖ࡜࠸࠺⾲⌧
ࣟࢪ䤀࡜࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ㍍ࢇࡌࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸䣎ࡇࡢ஧స࡟ࡣ⣙஬༑ᖺ
ࡓ䣎ྡᡤࡑࡢࡶࡢࢆᣦࡍࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࡢࡣᚋᮇ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎
ࡍࡿࡶࡢ䣔࡛࠶ࡿ䣎
䣓≉ᐃࡢ༳㇟ࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀ䣍୍ᐃࡢ⾲⌧ᙧᘧࢆࡶ䣬ࡓ㢮ᆺⓗ࡞⨾ព㆑ࢆ᭷
䥹୕䥺ᅵᆅࡀࡶࡘ䣓㞧ከ࡞せ⣲䣔ࡀ䣓ྂḷ࡟ࡼ䣬࡚䣔
䣓ᤞ㇟ࡉࢀ䣔
䣍ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ䣍
ࡣ䣕ྂ௒࿴ḷ㞟䣖࡟࠾࠸࡚࡜ࡉࢀࡿ䣎
䥹஧䥺ྡᡤḷᯖ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⾲⌧ព㆑ࡢⴌⱆࡣ䣕୓ⴥ㞟䣖ࡔࡀ䣍ᆺ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ᏶ᡂ
࡜࠸࠺Ⓨ⾲᫬ᮇࡢ㝸ࡓࡾࡀ࠶ࡾ䣍ᮾிࢆ᪑ࡢ㉳Ⅼ࡟ࡋ࡚⾜ࡁඛࡣす࡜໭࡜࠸
࠺㐪࠸ࡀ࠶ࡿ䣎ᮏㄽ⪃࡛ࡣࡇࡢ㐪࠸࡟ࡶ␃ពࡋࡓ࠸䣎
஧
ḷᯖ࡜ࡣඖ᮶ࡣྂḷモࡸᬒ≀䣍ḷ㢟ࢆྵࡵ࡚࠸ࡓ䣎ࡑࡢ⏕ᡂࡸኚᐜ࡟ࡘ࠸
࡚ࡣㅖㄝ࠶ࡿࡀ䣍௒᪥࡛ࡣḷ࡟ャࡳ㎸ࡲࢀࡓᆅྡࡸྡᡤࢆᣦࡍࡢࡀ୍⯡ⓗ࡛
306
307
Ҿᓸᛯ૨
Ҿ
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ
ᨥ‫ܖٻ‬ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣
≌
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒‒
‒
‒
‫ڻ‬Ʊࢂ
ͤ㸯
‒
୍
≉ᐃࡢሙᡤࡀ≉ู࡞ព࿡ࢆᢸ䣬࡚ᩥᏛⓗ⥅ᢎࢆ㔜ࡡࡓ⤖ᯝ䣍ࡑࢀࡣ⊂⮬࡞⾲
ᩥᏛ࡟࠾ࡅࡿྡᡤḷᯖ࡜ࡣ䣍ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ሙᡤࡢ௦⾲ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺䣎
ࡣ䣍≉Ṧ࡞⥅ᢎࡢࡉࢀ᪉ࢆࡋ࡚ᩥ໬ⓗ࡟኱ࡁ࡞ព࿡ࢆᣢࡘሙྜࡀ࠶ࡿ䣎࿴ḷ
࠶ ࡿ ᅵᆅࢆ ࠶ࡿ ≉ ู࡞ ព࿡ࢆ ࡶ ࡘሙᡤ࡜ࡋ࡚ ព࿡ ࡙ࡅ ࡓグ ᠈࡜ ࡑࡢグ 㘓
˱⅝ங ↄ↷
‫ޢ‬ஜⅺ↝‫܇‬⒓ிෙᢊʞҗɤഏ⒔↗඾޽˲‫܇‬⒓ӂ‫ྛ܇‬⒔⒅⒏ജ்⒐ႎࣱ఍⇁ᙻࡈ↚⒅
‫ޢ‬ஜⅺ↝‫↝܇‬⒓ிෙᢊʞҗɤഏ⒔↞˺ԼӸ↌↝↭↭↚଒ிෙᢊ⇁଄ↈ
↺ʴ⅝⇁੨ⅳ↕ⅳ↺⒎ɟ૾⒍඾޽˲‫↝܇‬⒓ӂ‫ྛ܇‬⒔↞⒍ᛟኺ⒓‫ޛ‬౤‫پٽ‬⒔
↚↷⒡↕↷ⅾჷ↸↻↕ⅳ↺‫ޛ‬౤‫پٽ‬ˡᛟ⇁ɦ૤ⅼ↚ↆ↕⒍ி҅‫૾ע‬⒍ཎ
↚඾᠉‫↝↧૾ע‬଄⇁ᡫↆ↕੨ⅺ↻↺ி҅↝ഭӪ↗૨҄ⅻ⇬⒲∄↝ɟ↓
ጢ↹ɥↁ↕ⅳ↺↷ⅵ↚⒍඾޽↝‫ئ‬ӳ↱Ӟχ૨‫↳ܖ‬ˡ১ⅻ‫ם‬Ө↗↙↹Ҿѣ
ᨩ ੗ ࣱ ‫ޛ‬౤‫پٽ‬ˡᛟ
ࣥࣝ࡟ࡶከࡃⓏሙࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽ䣍ྡᡤḷᯖ࡜࠸࠺⾲⌧ᙧᘧࡸ⨾ព㆑
⪃࠼ࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚䣍ྡᡤḷᯖࡸ࠸ࢃࡺࡿྡᡤᪧ㊧ࡣ㏆⌧௦ࡢᑠㄝࡸࡑࡢ௚ࡢࢪ䣺
ྡ ᡤ ḷ ᯖ ࡸ ≀ ㄒ ᩥ Ꮫ ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ᘬࡁ ḷ ࢆ ࢸ ࢡ ࢫ ࢺ 㛫 ࡢ 㛵 ಀ ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ ၥ 㢟 ࠿ ࡽ
࡚ྡᡤḷᯖࡢᣦ᦬ࡸᘬࡁḷࡢᣦ᦬ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡇ࡜࡛ࡶࢃ࠿ࡿ䣎
ゎ䣍᫬࡟ࡣ㜚தࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ䣍ࡑࢀࡣ࿴ḷ㞟ࡸ≀ㄒࡢὀ㔘᭩ࡢᩘࠎ࡟࠾࠸
ཷಙ⪅ࡢ㛫࡛ࡣ䣍║๓ࡢࢸࢡࢫࢺ࡜ඛ⾜ࡍࡿࢸࢡࢫࢺࢆࡵࡄ䣬࡚ࡢᬯ㯲ࡢ⌮
ḷࡀᯝࡓࡍᙺ๭࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶྠࡌࡇ࡜ࡀゝ࠼ࡼ࠺䣎ḷ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ≀ㄒࡢⓎಙ⪅࡜
ࢸࢡࢫࢺࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ䣎≀ㄒᩥᏛ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᘬࡁ
ᑐ࡟ᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎ䣍ඛ⾜ࡍࡿࢸࢡࢫࢺ࡬ࡢ⌮ゎ࡞ࡋ࡟ࡣ║๓ࡢ
ࡇ࡜ࡣ䣍࠶ࡿሙᡤࡀྡᡤḷᯖ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡃ࡟ࡣඛ⾜ࡍࡿࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢᏑᅾࡀ⤯
ࡶ≉ᐃࡢࣝ䤀ࣝ࡟๎䣬࡚๰㐀ࡉࢀཷᐜࡉࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺๓ᥦࡢࡶ࡜࡟࠶ࡿ䣎ࡇࡢ
ྡᡤḷᯖࢆャࡳ㎸ࢇࡔḷࡣ䣍ャࡳᡭ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ⪺ࡁᡭ䥹ㄞࡳᡭ䥺࡟࠾࠸࡚
⌧ព㆑࡜⨾ព㆑ࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍ࡟⮳䣬ࡓࡇ࡜ࡣゝ࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸䣎
ௐ⇁ࢽ↎⒎
⋩⋩⋩⋩ ⋩⋩⋩
᫏‫҄׹‬
⍇
⍇
Kanoko Okamoto
s Fifty-Three Stages on the Tżkaidż and Yƈko Tsushima
s
Zushiż-Analyzed through an Utamakura Descriptive Epithet PerspectiveᲤᲫ
Sayo Sasaki
᧏୓‫׎‬ᨥ‫ ܖٻ‬ȪșȩȫǢ⌴Ȅ‫ܖ‬ᢿ
ʚŹɟʞ࠰ɟɟஉʚʋଐ Ӗྸ
Ӹ৑ജ்
⇓⒯∕⒯⇯ ⋩⋩⋩⋩⋩⋩⋩⋩⋩⋩⋩⋩⋩⋩⋩⋩⋩⋩⋩⋩⋩
ӖܾӪ↗ⅳⅵᚇໜⅺ↸ᡈˊ૨‫ܖ‬Ӫ⇁ನሰↈ↺‫ئ‬ӳ↝φ˳̊⇁ьⅷ↺ኽ
‫⇁҄٭‬ଢ↸ⅺ↚ↆ↎⒎Ӟχ૨‫᧙↝↗ܖ‬ᡲ↳⒏ജ்⒐⇁ᙻࡈ↗ↆ↕⒍↌↝
ᢌⅳ↳ܼଈᚇ↝ᢌⅳ⇁ൔ᠋ᎋ‫↺ↈݑ‬ↂ↗↖ኖҞɭኔ᧓↚ဃↇ↎ॖᜤ↝
ඥ↧↝ॖᜤ↝ⅱ↹૾↚ᢌⅳⅻⅱ↺ↂ↗⇁ᎋ‫↎ↆݑ‬⒎↭↎⒍଄ↈ↺‫ئ‬৑↝
⒓ிෙᢊʞҗɤഏ⒔↗ଯԧʞ⅟࠰ˊ↝⒓ӂ‫ྛ܇‬⒔↗↖↞⒍ࡽဇ↗ⅳⅵ৖
σᡫࣱ⇁ਦઇↆ↎⒎ଯԧɟ⅟࠰ˊ↗ⅳⅵ৆଺ᑥⅻࢍ↭↺ɶ↖ႆᘙↄ↻↎
щ↗↙⒡↕ᡶᘍↆ↕ⅳ↺⒎⒏ജ்⒐↗ⅳⅵᙻࡈ⇁ᚨↀ↺ↂ↗↖⒍৖ඥ↝
↗↙⒡↕ⅳ↺⒎ⅺ↝‫܇‬ⅻᝅ݈↙Ӟχ૨‫˺ܖ‬Լ↝ࡽဇ↚↷⒡↕⇬⇕⇟⇮⇁
‒
˱⅝ஙↄ↷≝‫ޢ‬ஜⅺ↝‫܇‬Ⅴிෙᢊʞҗɤ
ɤഏⅥ↗඾޽˲
˲‫܇‬Ⅴӂ‫ྛ܇‬Ⅵ⃬
⃬⃬Ⅰജ்Ⅱႎ
ႎࣱ఍⇁ᙻࡈ↚
↚
308
ᩍ⫱◊✲ᴗ⦼୍ぴ䚷䠘㻞㻜㻝㻡ᖺ㻝᭶䡚㻝㻞᭶䠚
>ᩍᤵ@
ᩍဨྡ
✀ู
◊✲ᴗ⦼
ホㄽ
ࠕ&'ࡢ⋢ᡭ⟽ࠉ᪂㆕ど⫈グࠖࠗྂᴦ᝟ሗㄅࠉ࢔ࣥࢺࣞ࠘㸪ྕ㸪S㸪
ホㄽ
ࠕ&'ࡢ⋢ᡭ⟽ࠉ᪂㆕ど⫈グࠖ㸪ࠗྂᴦ᝟ሗㄅࠉ࢔ࣥࢺࣞ࠘㸪ྕ㸪S㸪
ホㄽ
ࠕ&'ࡢ⋢ᡭ⟽ࠉ᪂㆕ど⫈グࠖ㸪ࠗྂᴦ᝟ሗㄅࠉ࢔ࣥࢺࣞ࠘㸪ྕ㸪S㸪
ホㄽ
ࠕ&'ࡢ⋢ᡭ⟽ࠉ᪂㆕ど⫈グࠖ㸪ࠗྂᴦ᝟ሗㄅࠉ࢔ࣥࢺࣞ࠘㸪ྕ㸪S㸪
ホㄽ
ࠕ&'ࡢ⋢ᡭ⟽ࠉ᪂㆕ど⫈グࠖ㸪ࠗྂᴦ᝟ሗㄅࠉ࢔ࣥࢺࣞ࠘㸪ྕ㸪S㸪
ホㄽ
ࠕ&'ࡢ⋢ᡭ⟽ࠉ᪂㆕ど⫈グࠖ㸪ࠗྂᴦ᝟ሗㄅࠉ࢔ࣥࢺࣞ࠘㸪ྕ㸪S㸪
ホㄽ
ࠕ&'ࡢ⋢ᡭ⟽ࠉ᪂㆕ど⫈グࠖ㸪ࠗྂᴦ᝟ሗㄅࠉ࢔ࣥࢺࣞ࠘㸪ྕ㸪S㸪
ホㄽ
ࠕ&'ࡢ⋢ᡭ⟽ࠉ᪂㆕ど⫈グࠖ㸪ࠗྂᴦ᝟ሗㄅࠉ࢔ࣥࢺࣞ࠘㸪ྕ㸪S㸪
ホㄽ
ࠕ&'ࡢ⋢ᡭ⟽ࠉ᪂㆕ど⫈グࠖ㸪ࠗྂᴦ᝟ሗㄅࠉ࢔ࣥࢺࣞ࠘㸪ྕ㸪S㸪
ホㄽ
ࠕ&'ࡢ⋢ᡭ⟽ࠉ᪂㆕ど⫈グࠖ㸪ࠗྂᴦ᝟ሗㄅࠉ࢔ࣥࢺࣞ࠘㸪ྕ㸪S㸪
ホㄽ
ࠕ≉㞟ࠉ᭱ᬌᖺࡢసရ࡟⫈ࡃ኱స᭤ᐙࡢࠗᚰ࣮࠘ࣚࢮࣇ࣭ࣁ࢖ࢻࣥࠖ㸪ࠗ㡢ᴦ⌧௦࠘㸪
ᕳྕ㸪S㸪
ㅮᗙ
ࠕ኱స᭤ᐙࡓࡕࡢࠗᩍ⛉᭩࠘̿࢘࢕࣮ࣥྂ඾ὴ᫬௦ࡢస᭤ಟᴗ̿ࠖ㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿኱Ꮫබ㛤ㅮ
ᗙ㸪༓ⴥ᯽㸧㸪࣭࣭㸦඲ᅇ㸧
ㅮᗙ
ࠕࣁ࢖ࢻࣥࡢ࢘࢕࣮ࣥ࡜ࣟࣥࢻࣥࠖ㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿኱Ꮫබ㛤ㅮᗙ㸪༓ⴥ᯽㸧㸪࣭
࣭඲ᅇ㸧
▼⏣ಟ୍
ㅮᗙ
ᗂᑠ୰㧗ᰯ⏕ࡢᏊ࡝ࡶࢆࡶࡘぶࡢࡓࡵࡢࠕᏊ࡝ࡶࢆᖾࡏ࡟ࡍࡿᏊ⫱࡚ࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮ࠖ㸪㛤ᬛᅜ
㝿኱Ꮫබ㛤ㅮᗙ㸪༓ⴥ᯽㸧㸪
ஂಖ⏣ᐇ
ㅮᗙ
ࠕỈ⣲࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮࡜ᕷẸ⏕άཬࡧᇶ♏⛉Ꮫࠖ㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿኱Ꮫබ㛤ㅮᗙ㸪༓ⴥ᯽㸧㸪
ㄽᩥ㸦༢㸧
ࠕዪᛶࡢⓏ⏝࡜ᰴ౯ࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࡢ㛵ಀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢணഛⓗ᳨ウࠖ㸪ࠗ᪥ᮏ⤒Ⴀ೔⌮Ꮫ఍
ㄅ࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪SS㸪
Ꮫ఍Ⓨ⾲㸦༢
ࠕዪᛶᙺဨࡢⓏ⏝࡜ᰴ౯ࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࠖ㸪␗ᩥ໬⤒ႠᏛ఍ᖺ➨㸯ᅇ◊✲኱఍㸪❧
ṇ኱Ꮫ࣭ရᕝ࢟ࣕࣥࣃࢫ㸪ᮾி㒔㸪
Ꮫ఍Ⓨ⾲㸦༢
ࠕᙺဨᵓᡂࡢከᵝ໬࡜ᰴ౯ࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢணഛⓗ᳨ウࠖ㸪᪥ᮏ⤒Ⴀ೔⌮Ꮫ఍
➨ᅇ◊✲Ⓨ⾲኱఍㸪ᣅṪ኱Ꮫ࣭ᩥி࢟ࣕࣥࣃࢫ㸪ᮾி㒔㸪
ㅮ₇
ࠕ⤒῭Ꮫ㸸య㦂ㅮ⩏㹼733ཧຍࡢ᫝㠀࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼ࡿ㹼㸦᪥ᮏㄒᏛᰯ࡟ᅾ⡠ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ␃Ꮫ
⏕ྥࡅࡢฟᙇᤵᴗ㸧ࠖ㸪ࢲ࢖ࢼ࣑ࢵࢡࣅࢪࢿࢫ࢝ࣞࢵࢪ㸪ᮾி㒔㸪
኱Ꮫయ㦂ㅮ⩏
ࠕ࢔࣋ࣀ࣑ࢡࢫࡢ㸰ᖺ༙ࢆ᣺ࡾ㏉ࡿࠖ㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿኱Ꮫయ㦂ㅮ⩏㸪༓ⴥ᯽㸧㸪
ㄽᩥ㸦༢㸧
ࠕࢯ࣮ࢩ࣓ࣕࣝࢹ࢕࢔࡟ࡼࡿࢿࢵࢺ㑅ᣲࡢ◊✲ࠖ㸪ࠗ᪥ᮏ᝟ሗ⤒ႠᏛ఍ㄅ࠘㸪1R㸪
9RO㸪SS㸪
ㄽᩥ㸦ඹ㸧
“THE CURRENT STATE OF E-BOOKS AND DIGITAL LIBRARIES OF JAPAN”,
Issues in Information Systems, Volume 16, Issue IV, pp. 48-57, Oct. 2015㸬
㣤᳃㇏Ỉ
ᑠụ⿱Ꮚ
஬⸨ᑑᶞ
309
ᩍဨྡ
✀ู
Ꮫ఍Ⓨ⾲㸦༢
ࠕࢯ࣮ࢩ࣓ࣕࣝࢹ࢖࢔࡟ࡼࡿࢿࢵࢺ㑅ᣲࡢ◊✲ؐ➨ᅇ⾗㆟㝔⥲㑅ᣲࡢศᯒؐࠖ㸪᪥ᮏ᝟
ሗ⤒ႠᏛ఍➨㸵㸮ᅇ඲ᅜ኱఍㸪᫂ᾏ኱Ꮫ㸪༓ⴥ┴㸪
Ꮫ఍Ⓨ⾲㸦ඹ
“THE CURRENT STATE OF E-BOOKS AND DIGITAL LIBRARIES OF JAPAN”,
International Association for Computer Information Systems 2015, St. Petersburg
Marriott Clearwater, FL. USA, 10th Oct. 2015㸬
ㅮᗙ
ࠕ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ᪥ᮏே̿ぶ୙ᖾᜥᏊ࡜Ꮥ⾜ᜥᏊࠖ㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿኱Ꮫබ㛤ㅮᗙ㸪༓ⴥ᯽㸧㸪
ㄽᩥ㸦ඹ㸧
ࠕ኱Ꮫ⏕ࡢḟୡ௦⫱ᡂព㆑࡜ࡑࡢ㛵㐃せᅉࠖ㸪᪥ᮏᶫᏛ㤋኱Ꮫࠗ⣖せ࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪SS
㸪
ㄽᩥ㸦ඹ㸧
ࠕ኱Ꮫ⏕ࡢḟୡ௦⫱ᡂព㆑࡜᫬㛫ⓗᒎᮃࡢ㛵㐃ࠖ㸪᪥ᮏᶫᏛ㤋኱Ꮫࠗ⣖せ࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪
SS㸪
◊✲ࣀ࣮ࢺ㸦ඹ㸧
ࠕ୰㧗ᖺዪᛶࡼࡿᆅᇦᏊ⫱࡚ᨭ᥼࡟㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝ◊✲㸸⌧ᅾࡢᏊ⫱࡚࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㐪࿴ឤ࡟ࡘ࠸
࡚ࠖ㸪᪥ᮏᶫᏛ㤋኱Ꮫࠗ⣖せ࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪SS㸪
Ꮫ఍Ⓨ⾲㸦ඹ㸧
ࠕ኱Ꮫ⏕ࡢḟୡ௦⫱ᡂ࡟㛵ࡍࡿព㆑࡜㛵㐃せᅉ࣏ࠖࢫࢱ࣮㸪᪥ᮏⓎ㐩ᚰ⌮Ꮫ఍➨ᅇ኱
఍㸪ᮾி኱Ꮫ㸪ᮾி㒔㸪
ⴭ᭩㸦ඹ㸧
Oblation, Non-conception, and Body: Systems of Psychosomatic Fire Oblation in
Esoteric Buddhism in Medieval South Asia. Homa Variations: The Study of Ritual
Change across the Longue durée 㸪 (Edited by Richard K. Payne and Michael Witzel),
Oxford University Press, pp. 167-213, November 20, 2015.
ⴭ᭩㸦ඹ㸧
ģDPYDUD Brill's Encyclopedia of Buddhism, Vol. 1 (Edited by Jonathan A. Silk and
Oskar Von Hinüber), Brill, pp. 360-366, October 21, 2015.
ㄽᩥ㸦༢㸧
ࠕᣢ㔠๛ࡢᩍᅋ̿̿␗➃࡜ṇ⤫ࡀ஺㘒ࡍࡿ࢖ࣥࢻࡢ኱஌௖ᩍ̿̿ࠖ㸪ࠗషᩍᩥᏥ࠘㸪ྕ
㸦኱఍ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࠕᮾす᐀ᩍ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠑ␗➃ࠒࠖ㸧SS㸪
◊✲఍Ⓨ⾲༢㸧
ࠕึᮇ୰ୡᮇ࢖ࣥࢻᐦᩍ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ፹௓⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᏊ౪ࠖ㸪᐀ᩍྐ◊✲఍㸪ᮾὒⱥ࿴ዪᏛ㝔
኱Ꮫ㝔㸪ᮾி㒔㸪
ㅮᗙ
ࠕ✵ࢆ▱ࡿ̿❳ᶞࡀㄝ࠸ࡓ኱஌௖ᩍࡢ┿⌮̿ࠖ㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿኱Ꮫබ㛤ㅮᗙ㸪༓ⴥ᯽㸧㸪
඲㸰ᅇ㸧
ㄽᩥ㸦༢㸧
ࠕ኱Ꮫ⏕ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓḟୡ௦⫱ᡂ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࡢᐇ㊶࡜ホ౯ࠖ㸪᪥ᮏᶫᏛ㤋኱Ꮫࠗ⣖
せ࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪SS㸪
ㄽᩥ㸦ඹ㸧
ࠕ኱Ꮫ⏕ࡢḟୡ௦⫱ᡂព㆑࡜ࡑࡢ㛵㐃せᅉࠖ㸪᪥ᮏᶫᏛ㤋኱Ꮫࠗ⣖せ࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪SS
㸪
ㄽᩥ㸦ඹ㸧
ࠕ኱Ꮫ⏕ࡢḟୡ௦⫱ᡂព㆑࡜᫬㛫ⓗᒎᮃࡢ㛵㐃ࠖ㸪᪥ᮏᶫᏛ㤋኱Ꮫࠗ⣖せ࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪
SS㸪
◊✲ࣀ࣮ࢺ㸦ඹ㸧
ࠕ୰㧗ᖺዪᛶ࡟ࡼࡿᆅᇦᏊ⫱࡚ᨭ᥼࡟㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝ◊✲㸸⌧ᅾࡢᏊ⫱࡚࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㐪࿴ឤ࡟ࡘ
࠸࡚ࠖ㸪᪥ᮏᶫᏛ㤋኱Ꮫࠗ⣖せ࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪SS㸪
Ꮫ఍Ⓨ⾲㸦ඹ
ࠕ኱Ꮫ⏕ࡢḟୡ௦⫱ᡂ࡟㛵ࡍࡿព㆑࡜㛵㐃せᅉ࣏ࠖࢫࢱ࣮㸪᪥ᮏⓎ㐩ᚰ⌮Ꮫ఍➨ᅇ኱
఍㸪ᮾி኱Ꮫ㸪ᮾி㒔㸪
Ꮫ఍Ⓨ⾲㸦ඹ
ࠕḟୡ௦⫱ᡂ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࡢᐇ㊶࡜ホ౯㸸1&$67ᩍᮦࢆ⏝࠸ࡓணഛⓗヨࡳ࣏ࠖࢫ
ࢱ࣮㸪᪥ᮏᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ఍➨ᅇ⥲఍㸪ᮒ㮛࣓ࢵࢭ㸦᪂₲኱Ꮫ㸧㸪᪂₲┴㸪
஬⸨ᑑᶞ
బࠎᮌࡉࡼ
◊✲ᴗ⦼
ᰘཎᐅᖾ
ᮡᮌᜏᙪ
ᑎᮏጁᏊ
310
ᩍဨྡ
✀ู
◊✲ᴗ⦼
Ꮫ఍Ⓨ⾲㸦ඹ
"Early separation to promote relationship of mother with postpartum depression and
baby with feeding disorder", Poster presentation, Zero to Three 30th National
Training Institute, Washington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washington,
December 2-4, 2015.
ㅮ⩦఍
ࠕ-1&$)6ㅮ⩦఍ࠖ㸪ஙᗂඣಖ೺Ꮫ఍㸪ᮾி་⛉ṑ⛉኱Ꮫ㸪ᮾி㒔㸪
ㅮ₇
ࠕᮾすᩥ໬஺ὶ㸸ᾋୡ⤮࡜ࣇࣛࣥࢫࠖ㸪㹌㹎㹍ἲேࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮࡜࠺࠿ࡘࠕࡲ࡞ࡧᒇࠖ㸪
᪥ᮏ⏕࿨᯽ᨭᗑࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮࣮࣒ࣝ㸪༓ⴥ᯽㸧㸪
ㅮᗙ
ࠕࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡢࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ㹼ࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒᅪసᐙࡓࡕ㹼ࠖ㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿኱Ꮫබ㛤ㅮᗙ㸪༓ⴥ
᯽㸧㸪
ㅮᗙ
ࠕᖹᏳᮅࡢ௬ྡࡢᡂࡾ❧ࡕࠖ㸪Ꮫᰯἲே୰ᒣᏛᅬ㸪୰ᒣᏛᅬ㧗➼Ꮫᰯ㐍Ꮫㅮᗙ㸪༓ⴥ㸦⯪
ᶫ㸧㸪
ㅮᗙ
ࠕ⣸ᘧ㒊ࡢཷࡅࡓᩍ⫱ࠖ㸪᯽ᕷᩍ⫱ጤဨ఍᯽ᕷ኱Ꮫ㐃ᦠㅮᗙ㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿኱Ꮫ㸪༓ⴥ
᯽㸧㸪
ㅮᗙ
ࠕᖹᏳ㈗᪘ࡢዪᏊᩍ⫱ࠖ㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿኱Ꮫබ㛤ㅮᗙ㸪༓ⴥ᯽㸧㸪
᭩ホ
ࠕ▮㔝⨾ἋᏊⴭࠗྂ⌰⌫ᮇ㤳㔛⋤ᗓࡢ◊✲࠘ࠖ㸪ࠗ᪥ᮏྐᨳ✲࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪SS㸪
ㅮ₇఍➼༢㸧
ࠕᬺ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⣲ᮔ࡞␲ၥ࡟⟅࠼ࡿࠖ㸪୍⯡♫ᅋἲே᪥ᮏ࢝ࣞࣥࢲ࣮ᬺᩥ໬᣺⯆༠఍㸪ᮾி
኱Ꮫᘺ⏕ㅮᇽ୍᮲࣮࣍ࣝ㸪ᮾி㒔㸪
ᑎᮏጁᏊ
ཎ⏣ࠉ᧯
᭹㒊୍ᯞ
ࠉᯇ஭ྜྷ᫛ࠉࠉ
ᐑධᑠኪᏊ
ㅮ₇఍➼༢㸧
ࠕ㬞ᕝࡢ஬᮲୰ᓥ࡜㇏⮧⚽ྜྷࠖ㸪᪩✄⏣኱Ꮫᩍ⫱⥲ྜ◊✲ᡤ㸪᪩✄⏣኱Ꮫྕ㤋ᩍ
ᐊ㸪ᮾி㒔㸪
ㅮᗙ
ࠕ୰ୡ♫఍࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࿚ミ࡜ゅ୕ᮏࡢ㨣㸦ᅗീࢆㄞࡴ㸧ࠖ㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿኱Ꮫබ㛤ㅮᗙ㸪༓ⴥ
᯽㸧㸪
ㅮ₇
ࠕᑗ᮶ࡢ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔࡜௙஦࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼ࡼ࠺ࠖ㸪㹉㹒㹁୰ኸᏛ㝔ཌᮌ࢟ࣕࣥࣃࢫ㸪⚄ዉᕝ
┴㸪
ㅮ⩦఍
ࠕ⮬ᚊⓗ⤌⧊ኚ㠉ࡢࡓࡵࡢ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࠉ㹼⤌⧊㢼ᅵ࣭య㉁ኚ㠉ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ㹼ࠖ㸪஑ᕞ
࢔ࢪ࢔⤒Ⴀሿ.$,/㸪⚟ᒸᕷ㸪
ㅮ⩦఍
ࠕࢳ࣮࣒࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺ࡟ࡼࡿࣅࢪࣙࣥࡢᐇ⌧࡜ேᮦ⫱ᡂࠖ㸪ྎᮾ༊ᗂඣᩍ⫱ᅬ㛗◊ಟ㸪ྎ
ᮾ༊ᩍ⫱ጤဨ఍㸪ᮾி㒔㸪
ㅮ⩦఍
ࠕࢳ࣮࣒࣮࣡ࢡ࡜ࡸࡾࡀ࠸ࡀ࠾ᐈᵝ࡟ఏࢃࡿ⫋ሙ࡙ࡃࡾࠖ㸪ᶓ὾ᕷ஺㏻ᒁ༠ຊ఍⫋ဨ◊
ಟ㸪ᶓ὾ᕷ㸪
ㅮ⩦఍
ࠕ㹈㹐ᮾ᪥ᮏࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ఍♫Ᏻ඲ᩥ໬ᵓ⠏◊ಟࠖ㸪᪂₲ᕷ㸪࣭
ㄽᩥ㸦༢㸧
ࠕୡ⣖࢖ࢠࣜࢫ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢔ࣝࣞࢵ࣮࢟ࣀࡢኚᐜ̿సࡢࣃࣥࢺ࣐࢖࣒ࠗࣁ࣮ࣞࢡ࢕࣭ࣥ
ࢻࢡࢱ࣮࣭ࣇ࢛࣮ࢫࢱࢫ࠘ࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋ࡚̿ࠖ㸪ࠗ᪥ᮏᶫᏛ㤋኱Ꮫⱁ⾡ࣇྀ࢛࣮࣒ࣛ᭩
ୡ⣖࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢔ࣝࣞࢵ࣮࢟ࣀࡢኚᐜ࠘㸪SS㸪
⩻ヂ㸦༢㸧
ࢪ࣭ࣙࣥࢧ࣮ࣔࣥࢻ㸪ࢪ࣭ࣙࣥࣜࢵࢳస㸪ࠕ஧సࡢྡ㧗࠸ࣃࣥࢺ࣐࢖࣒ࠗࣁ࣮ࣞࢡ࢕࣭ࣥ
ࣇ࢛࣮ࢫࢱࢫ༤ኈ࠘ࡢṇ☜࡞ླྀ㏙ⓗᥥ෗㺁㸪ᩥᏛྠேㄅࠗ㣕⩧࠘ྕ㸪SS㸪
ㅮ₇
ࠕࠗࣁ࣒ࣞࢵࢺ࠘ࡢㅦ࡜㨩ຊࠖ㹌㹎㹍ἲேࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮࡜࠺࠿ࡘࠕࡲ࡞ࡧᒇࠖ㸪᪥ᮏ⏕࿨᯽
ᨭᗑࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮࣮࣒ࣝ㸪༓ⴥ᯽㸧㸪
ㅮ₇
ࠕࢩ࢙࢖ࢡࢫࣆ࢔ࡢࠗࣜ࢔⋤࠘ࡢ㠃ⓑࡉࠖ㸪㹌㹎㹍ἲேࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮࡜࠺࠿ࡘࠕࡲ࡞ࡧ
ᒇࠖ㸪᪥ᮏ⏕࿨᯽ᨭᗑࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮࣮࣒ࣝ㸪༓ⴥ᯽㸧
Ᏻ⏣ẚ࿅ᚿ
311
ᩍဨྡ
ᰗἑᏕᏊ
✀ู
᭩ホ
◊✲ᴗ⦼
ࠕబ఑୍㯏ⴭࠗ✵࡟ࡳࡎ࠺ࡳ࠘ࠖ㸪ࠗᮾி᪂⪺࠘㸪
>෸ᩍᤵ@
ᩍဨྡ
㜿㒊㞝୍
୕ᯞ⚽Ꮚ
బஂ㛫♸Ꮚ
㧘ᶫ᪩ⱑ
✀ู
◊✲ᴗ⦼
ㅮᗙ
ࠕཎᩥ࡛ㄞࡴࢻ࢖ࢶᩥᏛ㸸ࢤ࣮ࢸࠗⱝࡁ࢙࢘ࣝࢸࣝࡢᝎࡳ࠘ㅮㄞࠖ㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿኱Ꮫබ㛤ㅮ
ᗙ㸪༓ⴥ᯽㸧㸪࣭࣭࣭㸦඲ᅇ㸧
ࡑࡢ௚㸦༢㸧
ࠕ໭ி኱Ꮫᅜ㝿₎Ꮫᐙ◊✲ᇶᆅ୺ദࡢᅜ㝿₎Ꮫ⪅఍㆟࡟ཧຍࡋ࡚ࠖ㸪᪥ᮏᶫᏛ㤋኱Ꮫࠗ⣖
せ࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪SS㸪
ㅮ₇
ࠕ൲ᩍ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠖ㸪᯽ᩥ໬㈈ࢮ࣑ࢼ࣮ࣝ㸪᯽ᕷᩍ⫱⚟♴఍㤋㸪༓ⴥ㸦᯽㸧㸪
ㅮᗙ
ࠕ၈࡟Ώࡗࡓ㜿ಸ௰㯞࿅㹼㜿ಸ௰㯞࿅ࡣ၈࡛ఱࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࠿㸽㹼ࠖ㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿኱Ꮫබ㛤
ㅮᗙ㸪༓ⴥ᯽㸧㸪
ሗ࿌࣭㈨ᩱ㸦ඹ㸧
ࠕᏛ⏕࡟ࡼࡿᏛ⏕ࡢࡓࡵࡢ኱Ꮫ⏕∧ඖẼᅇ᚟⾜ືࣉࣛࣥ&DPSXVZHOOQHVV5HFRYHU\
$FWLRQ3ODQ&:5$3ᐇ᪋ሗ࿌ࠖ㸪బஂ㛫♸Ꮚ࣭ྥ஭భ㍜㸪᪥ᮏᶫᏛ㤋኱Ꮫࠗ⣖せ࠘㸪➨
ྕ㸪SS㸪
ㅮᗙ
ࠕⱝࡉ࡜೺ᗣࢆࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࡋࡲࡍ㸟㹼࣑ࢽࢸࢽࢫ㹼ࠖ㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿኱Ꮫබ㛤ㅮᗙ㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿኱
Ꮫయ⫱㤋㸪༓ⴥ᯽㸧㸪⥅⥆⪅ྥࡅ࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭㸦඲ᅇ㸧㸪ึᚰ⪅
ྥࡅ࣭㸦඲ᅇ㸧
ⴭ᭩㸦ඹ㸧
ࠗ♫఍⚟♴ࢩ࣮ࣜࢬᶒ฼᧦ㆤ࡜ᡂᖺᚋぢไᗘ㹙➨㸱∧㹛㸫ᶒ฼᧦ㆤ࡜ᡂᖺᚋぢ࣭Ẹἲ
⥲ㄽ࠘㸪⚟⏣ᖾኵ࣭᳃㛗⚽⦅㸦⚟⏣ᖾኵ㺃᳃㛗⚽㺃⾰➟ⴥᏊ㺃ᕸ᪋᠇Ꮚ㺃⠛ᮌ₩㺃⚟ᒣⰋᘯ࣭
Ⳣ㔝ᫀྐ࣭ᒣཱྀ༓ᜨ࣭Ọ⏣ၨ㐀࣭⏣ཎ㇏἞࣭℧ᕝಟ࿃㸧㸪ࠕ⏝ㄒ㞟ࠖ㸪ᘯᩥᇽ㸪SS
ࠊ
ⴭ᭩㸦ඹ㸧
ࠗἲᏛධ㛛࠘㸪᳃㛗⚽⦅㸦Ᏹᒣ຾൤㺃ⲡ㮵᫴୍㺃⾰➟ⴥᏊ㺃᳃㛗⚽㺃᳃⏣㝯ኵ㺃ᖹ㔝⨾⣖㺃℧ᕝ
ಟ࿃㺃ᕝᮧᓅே㺃ᯇᮧḷᏊ㸧㸪ࠕ➨❶⾜ᨻἲࠖ㸪ග⏕㤋㸪SS
ሗ࿌࣭㈨ᩱ㸦༢㸧
ࠕᖺᏛ⏺ᒎᮃ㸭ᨻ἞ྐ㸦᪥ᮏ㸧ࠖ㸪᪥ᮏᨻ἞Ꮫ఍⦅ࠗᖺሗᨻ἞Ꮫ㸫ϩ௦⾲࡜⤫
ྜࡢᨻ἞ኚᐜ࠘㸪ϩ㸪SS㸪
◊✲Ⓨ⾲㸦༢㸧
ࠕᨻ⟇࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᚁ㡑ㄽ㹼ྜྷ⏣ᯇ㝜ࡢᛮ᝿࡜ࡢᑐẚ࡛ㄞࡳゎࡃࠖ㸪132ἲேᨻ⟇࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥ
ࢺ◊✲ᡤ㸪᪥ᮏ኱ᏛἲᏛ㒊ྕ㤋㝵఍㆟ᐊ㸪ᮾி㒔㸪
ฟ∧ዡບ㔠
ࠗᚁ㡑ㄽࡢⓏሙ࠘㸪Ḉ㛛᭩ᡣ㸪ᖺ㸪132ἲேᨻ⟇࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺ◊✲ᡤ㸪
Ꮫ఍Ⓨ⾲㸦༢
ࠕ5DVSEHUU\3Lࢆ࢙࢘ࣈ࣭࣓࢝ࣛ࡟ࡍࡿࠖ㸪᝟ሗฎ⌮Ꮫ఍ࠗኟࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣑ࣛࣥࢢ࣭ࢩࣥ
࣏ࢪ࣒࢘㸦ᖺ㸧࠘㸪Ỉ᫂㤋㸪ᒱ㜧┴㸪
ㅮ₇
ࠕ㰓ㄯ͆ࢩ࣮ࣙࢺࢩ࣮ࣙࢺࡢ⚄ᵝ͇ᫍ᪂୍ࢆㄒࡿࠖ㸪ᖹᡂᖺᗘ᯽ᕷ❧ᅗ᭩㤋࣭ᕷෆ኱
Ꮫᅗ᭩㤋ྜྠ௻⏬㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿኱Ꮫࡇࡶࢀࡧ࣮࣍ࣝ㸪༓ⴥ᯽㸧㸪
◊✲ࣀ࣮ࢺ㸦༢㸧
ࠕ6:$3࡟ࡼࡿࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㞀ᐖࡢ⌮ゎ㸸'60,9,,㍈࡜ࡢ┦㐪࡜᪥ᮏࡢᚰ⌮⮫ᗋ࡬
ࡢ㐺⏝ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࠖ㸪᪥ᮏᶫᏛ㤋኱Ꮫࠗ⣖せ࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪SS㸪
Ꮫ఍Ⓨ⾲㸦ඹ
ࠕ6:$3࡟ࡼࡿࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㞀ᐖࡢ⌮ゎ࡜἞⒪㐣⛬ࡢ᳨ウࠖ㸪᪥ᮏ⢭⚄ศᯒⓗᚰ⌮⒪
ἲࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛ➨ᅇ኱఍㸪⏥༡኱Ꮫ㸪රᗜ┴㸪
℧ᕝಟ࿃
⏣୰஧㑻
㫽㉺῟୍
312
ᩍဨྡ
✀ู
Ꮫ఍Ⓨ⾲㸦ඹ
ࠕᩍ⫱◊ಟࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮㸸ࣅࢹ࢜グ㘓࡟ࡼࡿ἞⒪㠃᥋ࠖ㸪᪥ᮏ⢭⚄ศᯒᏛ఍➨ᅇ኱఍㸪ᖥ
ᙇ࣓ࢵࢭᅜ㝿఍㆟ሙ㸪༓ⴥ┴㸪
ㅮᗙ
ࠕ஦౛◊✲ࠖ㸪⢭⚄ศᯒⓗᚰ⌮⒪ἲࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮㸪ᕷࣨ㇂࢝ࣥࣇ࢓ࣞࣥࢫࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸪ᮾி㒔㸪
ㅮᗙ
ࠕ⤫ྜኻㄪ⑕ࠖ㸪⢭⚄ศᯒⓗᚰ⌮⒪ἲࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮㸪ᕷࣨ㇂࢝ࣥࣇ࢓ࣞࣥࢫࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸪ᮾி
㒔㸪
ㅮᗙ
ࠕ஦౛)ࠖ㸪ᮾி⢭⚄⒪ἲ◊✲఍㸪㟷ᒣ῰㇂࣓ࢹ࢕࢝ࣝࢡࣜࢽࢵࢡ㸪ᮾி㒔㸪
◊✲ࣀ࣮ࢺ㸦༢㸧
ࠕApplied Sociolinguistics: Bilingualism as a Tool for ExpressionࠉThe Ryukyu Ryuka
Renaissance – A Poetic Commentaryࠖ㸪᪥ᮏᶫᏛ㤋኱Ꮫࠗ⣖せ࠘㸪➨14ྕ㸪pp.87106㸪2015.2.
ㅮᗙ
ࠕࡃࡋࡢ᪥ࠉ⨾ࡽጼ⤖࠸㐟ࡧࠖࠉ㸦㏻ヂ࣭Ἀ⦖ゝㄒᩥ໬ゎㄝࠊグ㘓ࣅࢹ࢜᧜ᙳ࡜ཷ௜ࢆᢸ
ᙜ㸧ࠊἈ⦖┴❧༤≀㤋ࠉἈ⦖ࠊ
ㅮᗙ
ࠕẚ㍑ᩥ໬ᆅᇦゝㄒ㸸ᇶ♏Ἀ⦖ㄒࠖ㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿኱Ꮫබ㛤ㅮᗙ㸪༓ⴥ᯽㸧㸪࣭
࣭࣭࣭㸦඲ᅇ㸧
ሗ࿌࣭㈨ᩱ㸦ඹ㸧
“Motivating factors in bridging English communication and international
understanding”㸪 Nihonbashi Gakkan University Bulletin 㸪 No.14㸪 pp. 107-119,
2015.2.
ㅮᗙ㸦ඹ㸧
Promoting Global Communication through English 㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿኱Ꮫබ㛤ㅮᗙ㸪༓ⴥ
(᯽㸧㸪2015.11.6࣭13࣭20.(඲3ᅇ㸧
㫽㉺῟୍
ཪྜྷᘯ㑣
◊✲ᴗ⦼
Elizabeth
Lange
>ㅮᖌ@
ᩍဨྡ
✀ู
◊✲ᴗ⦼
Ꮫ఍Ⓨ⾲㸦ඹ
ࠕ⮬ᕫ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㢧ᅾⓗឤ᝟࡜₯ᅾⓗឤ᝟㸸೺ᗣ≧ែ࡜ᐊ ࡢ㛵ಀ࠿ࡽࠖ᪥ᮏ♫఍ᚰ⌮Ꮫ
఍➨ᅇ኱఍ᮾிዪᏊ኱Ꮫᮾி
ㅮᗙ
ࠕࠗぢࡿ࠘ࡇ࡜ࡢ୙ᛮ㆟ࠖ㛤ᬛᅜ㝿኱Ꮫබ㛤ㅮᗙ༓ⴥ᯽㸧
ㄽᩥ㸦༢㸧
“Inward Foreign Entry of Banks into Russia’s Banking Sector,” Journal of
Comparative Economic Studies, ɊSS㸪March 2015.
ㄽᩥ㸦ඹ㸧
Practice of Administration of Trade Remedies in Japan: the Case of Countervailing
Duties, Proceedings of the International conference on "Evolution of the world trade
system: problems and development prospects, " Sankt-Petesburg State University, pp.
305-311㸪29-30 October 2015, (In Russian)
ㄽᩥ㸦ඹ㸧
Japan’s Special Tariff System: Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, Mirovaya
Ekinomika I Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniya [World Economy and International
Relations @ɊSS,Q5XVVLDQ
ሗ࿌࣭㈨ᩱ㸦ඹ㸧
“Motivating factors in bridging English communication and international
understanding,” Nihonbashi Gakkan University Bulletin , No.14, pp. 107-119, 2015.2.
᭩ホ
ኟ┠ၨ஧ⴭࠗୡ⣖ࡢ,&7ከᅜ⡠௻ᴗ࠘㸪ẚ㍑⤒῭యไ◊✲㸪➨ྕ㸪SS㸪
Ꮫ఍ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒ࣗ࢘
“Japanese Banks' Foreign Expansion: The Case of Russia,” ICCEES IX World
Congress , Makuhari, Japan, 2015.8.3-7.
⳥ᓥṇᾈ
Victor
Gorshkov
313
ᩍဨྡ
✀ู
◊✲ᴗ⦼
“Motives of inward banking FDI and the role of institutional environment in Russia,”
International conference on “Sustainability of the Russian economy: between
modernization and crisis” 㸦ᅜ㝿ࢥࣥࣇ࢓ࣞࣥࢫࠗࣟࢩ࢔⤒῭ࡢᣢ⥆ྍ⬟㸫༴ᶵ࡜㏆௦
◊✲఍ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒ࣗ࢘
Victor
Gorshkov
໬ࡢ㛫࠘୺ദ㸸2014ᖺᗘி㒔኱Ꮫ⤒῭◊✲ᡤࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺㄢ㢟㸦ࠕࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ༴ᶵ௨ᚋ
ࡢඛ㐍ᅜ࣭᪂⯆ᅜࡢ⤒῭ไᗘኚ໬࡜ᨻ⟇ࡢẚ㍑ศᯒ㸫༴ᶵ෌⌧㜵Ṇࡢࡓࡵࡢᥦゝ࡟ྥࡅ
࡚ࠖ㸧◊✲ࢳ࣮࣒ඹദ㸸ẚ㍑⤒῭యไ◊✲఍㸪ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬༤ኈㄢ⛬ᩍ⫱࣮ࣜࢹ࢕ࣥࢢࣉ
ࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࠕி㒔኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᛮಟ㤋ࠖ㸪ி㒔㸪2015.3.67.
◊✲఍Ⓨ⾲ඹ㸧
'Trade policy and utilization of trade remedies: the experience of Japan,'' ኱㜰ᕷ❧኱Ꮫ
⤒῭Ꮫ◊✲⛉➨3ᅇࣜࢧ࣮ࢳ࣭ࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮㸪኱㜰㸪2015.11.17.
ㅮᗙ
ࠕ᪥ᮏࡢ㖟⾜ࡢࣟࢩ࢔㐍ฟ࡜ࡑࡢ⫼ᬒࠖ㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿኱Ꮫබ㛤ㅮᗙ㸪༓ⴥ᯽㸧㸪
ㅮᗙ㸦ඹ㸧
Promoting Global Communication through English㸪 㛤ᬛᅜ㝿኱Ꮫබ㛤ㅮᗙ㸪༓ⴥ
(᯽㸧㸪2015.11.6࣭13࣭20.㸦඲3ᅇ㸧
࣮࣡ࢡࢩࣙࢵࣉᐇ᪋
≉ᐃ㠀Ⴀ฼άືἲேࠕࡅ࠸ࡣࢇ࡞ᩥ໬Ꮫ⾡༠఍ࠖ୺ദࡢ➨ᅇࡅ࠸ࡣࢇ࡞ᅜ㝿୰Ꮫ⏕࢟ࣕ
ࣥࣉ࡟࡚ࠕࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ㣗⣊ၥ㢟ࠖࢆࢸ࣮࣐࡜ࡋࡓ࣮࣡ࢡࢩࣙࢵࣉࢆᐇ᪋㸪㛵すᩥ໬Ꮫ⾡◊
✲㒔ᕷ㸪
࣮࣡ࢡࢩࣙࢵࣉᐇ᪋
≉ᐃ㠀Ⴀ฼άືἲேࠕࡅ࠸ࡣࢇ࡞ᩥ໬Ꮫ⾡༠఍ࠖ୺ദࡢ➨ᅇࡅ࠸ࡣࢇ࡞ᅜ㝿୰Ꮫ⏕࢟ࣕ
ࣥࣉ࡟࡚ࠕࢢ࣮ࣟࣂ࣭࢚ࣝࢿࣝࢠ࣮ၥ㢟ࠖࢆࢸ࣮࣐࡜ࡋࡓ࣮࣡ࢡࢩࣙࢵࣉࢆᐇ᪋㸪㛵すᩥ
໬Ꮫ⾡◊✲㒔ᕷ㸪
኱Ꮫయ㦂ㅮ⩏
ࠗ⤒῭Ꮫ࣭⤒ႠᏛࡢどⅬ࠿ࡽࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࠘㸦Globalization and Business㸧㸪
㛤ᬛᅜ㝿኱Ꮫయ㦂ㅮ⩏㸪༓ⴥ(᯽㸧㸪2015.6.14.
㈨᱁ྲྀᚓ
FUN MOOC (France Universite Numerique, Massive Open Online Courses)“ Politics
and Economics of InternationalࠉEnergy”㸦ࣇࣛࣥࢫࡢFUN MOOCࡢ࢜ࣥࣛ࢖ࣥㅮᗙ
ࠗ“ Politics and Economics of International Energy” (ୡ⏺࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡢᨻ἞⤒῭Ꮫ)
2015ᖺ1᭶㹼3᭶㸪ಟ஢ド᫂᭩.
ㄽᩥ㸦༢㸧
ࠕປാⱥ㞝ࢆᛮ࠸ฟࡍ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜̿̿࢔ࣥࢪ࢙࢖࣭࣡࢖ࢲ┘╩ࠗ኱⌮▼ࡢ⏨࠘ࢆ୰ᚰ
࡟ࠖ㸪ࠗࢫࣦࣛᏛㄽ㞟࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪SS㸪
ㅮᗙ
ࠕ࣏࣮ࣛࣥࢻᫎ⏬ࡢㄏᝨ̿̿ᫎ⏬࡛ᏛࡪᡓᚋᮾḢྐࠖ㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿኱Ꮫබ㛤ㅮᗙ㸪༓ⴥ
᯽㸧㸪㸦඲ᅇ㸧
ሗ࿌࣭㈨ᩱ㸦༢㸧
ࠕ⏘ᴗಖ೺άື࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᚰ⌮ⓗᨭ᥼࡟ࡘ࠸࡚̺༢ᅇ᮶ㄯ⪅࡬ࡢᑐᛂ࠿ࡽࡢ⪃ᐹ̺ࠖ㸪ࠗ៞
ᛂಖ೺◊✲࠘㸪➨ᕳ➨ྕ㸪SS㸪
Ꮫ఍Ⓨ⾲㸦ඹ
ࠕ኱Ꮫ⏕࡟ࡼࡿᏛᰯᨭ᥼࣎ࣛࣥࢸ࢕࢔⤒㦂⪅ࡢᅔ㞴ឤࡢኚ໬ࡢ᳨ウ࣏ࠖࢫࢱ࣮㸪᪥ᮏⓎ㐩
ᚰ⌮Ꮫ఍➨ᅇ኱఍㸪ఀ⸨ᅜ㝿Ꮫ⾡◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸦ᮾி኱Ꮫ㸧㸪ᮾி㒔㸪
Ꮫ఍Ⓨ⾲㸦ඹ
"The change of volunteer students and users: Evaluations of volunteering program in
elementary school in Japan", Poster Session, InPACT2015 (International
Psychological Applications Conference and Trends), Hotel Slon, Ljubljana, May 4,
2015.
ㅮᗙ
ࠕ࣐࢖ࣥࢻࣇࣝࢿࢫ㹼ྂࡃ࡚᪂ࡋ࠸ࢫࢺࣞࢫᑐฎἲࠖ㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿኱Ꮫබ㛤ㅮᗙ㸪༓ⴥ
᯽㸧㸪࣭඲㸰ᅇ㸧
ⴭ᭩㸦ඹ㸧
ࠗ⏕ᚐᣦᑟ࡜ࢫࢡ࣮࣭ࣝࢥࣥࣉࣛ࢖࢔ࣥࢫ࠘㸪ᆏ⏣௮⦅ⴭ㸪ࠕ୙Ⓩᰯ࡜ᑵᏛ⩏ົࠖ㸪Ꮫ
஦ฟ∧㸪SS㸪
ㄽᩥ㸦༢㸧
ࠕ⏕ᚐᣦᑟ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ஦᝟⫈ྲྀ࡜೵Ꮫฎศࠖ㸪ࠗᏛᰯ஦ົ࠘㸪➨ᕳ➨ྕ㸪SS㸪
ㄽᩥ㸦༢㸧
ࠕ⏕ᚐᣦᑟ㸸ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢᠬᡄ࡜య⨩ࠖ㸪ࠗࣉࣜࣥࢩࣃࣝ࠘㸪➨ᕳ➨ྕ㸪SS㸪
ㄽᩥ㸦༢㸧
ࠕᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬እάື㸸㒊άືࠖ㸪ࠗࣉࣜࣥࢩࣃࣝ࠘㸪➨ᕳ➨ྕ㸪SS㸪
ㄽᩥ㸦ඹ㸧
ࠕᩍ⫱ጤဨ఍࡜㐃ᦠࡋࡓ,&7ࢆά⏝ࡋࡓ஦๓◊ಟే⏝ᆺ⌧⫋◊ಟࡢヨࡳࠖ㸪ࠗࢫࢡ࣮࣭ࣝ
ࢥࣥࣉࣛ࢖࢔ࣥࢫ◊✲࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪SS㸪
Ⳣཎࠉὒ
ᖹஂỤ⸅
ᒣ⏣▱௦
314
ᩍဨྡ
✀ู
ㄽᩥ㸦ඹ㸧
◊✲ᴗ⦼
ࠕ㞀ᐖࢆ⌮⏤࡜ࡋࡓ≉ู࡞ᨭ᥼ࢆᚲせ࡜ࡍࡿඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢᏛᰯ஦ᨾ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᰯ㛗ࡢㄆ㆑㸫
Ꮫᰯ⤒Ⴀ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ༴ᶵ⟶⌮࡟ᐤࡏ࡚㸫ࠖ㸪ࠗ᪥ᮏዪᏊ኱Ꮫᩍ⫋ᩍ⫱㛤Ⓨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᖺሗ࠘㸪
➨ྕ㸪SS㸪
᭩ホ
ࠕᏳᙪᛅᙪࠗࠕࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢩ࣮࣭࣮࣋ࢫࠖࢆ㉸࠼ࡿᤵᴗ࡙ࡃࡾ㸫ே᱁ᙧᡂࢆぢࡍ࠼ࡓ⬟ຊ
⫱ᡂࢆࡵࡊࡋ࡚࠘ࠖ㸪ࠗᏛᰯ஦ົ࠘㸪➨ᕳ➨ྕ㸪SS㸪
᭩ホ
ࠕ㈅ሯⱱᶞࠗ㐨ᚨࡢᩍ⛉໬㸫ࠕᡓᚋ୐༑ᖺࠖࡢᑐ❧ࢆ㉸࠼࡚㸫࠘ࠖ㸪ࠗᏛᰯ஦ົ࠘㸪➨
ᕳ➨ྕ㸪SS㸪
᭩ホ
ࠕ᯽ዪ㟋ᓠࠗᏊ࡝ࡶ࣭Ꮚ⫱࡚ᨭ᥼ไᗘࢆㄞࡳゎࡃ㸫ࡑࡢ඲యീ࡜௒ᚋࡢㄢ㢟࠘ࠖ㸪ࠗᏛᰯ
஦ົ࠘㸪➨ᕳ➨ྕ㸪SS㸪
ࡑࡢ௚㸦ゎㄝㄽᩥ㸧
ࠕ≉ูᨭ᥼ᩍ⫱ࡢ᥎㐍ࡢࡓࡵࡢᏛᰯᩍ⫱ἲ➼ࡢᨵṇ㸫≉Ṧᩍ⫱࠿ࡽ≉ูᨭ᥼ᩍ⫱࡬㸫ࠖ㸪
ᆏ⏣௮࣭ᒣ⏣▱௦㸪ูࠗ෉ᩍ⫋◊ಟ࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪SS㸪
ࡑࡢ௚㸦ゎㄝㄽᩥ㸧
ࠕᏛᰯಖ೺ἲࡢᨵṇ㸫Ꮫᰯಖ೺ἲ࠿ࡽᏛᰯಖ೺Ᏻ඲ἲ࡬㸫ࠖ㸪ᆏ⏣௮࣭ᒣ⏣▱௦㸪ูࠗ෉
ᩍ⫋◊ಟ࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪SS㸪
ࡑࡢ௚㸦ゎㄝㄽᩥ㸧
ࠕ࠸ࡌࡵ㜵Ṇᑐ⟇᥎㐍ἲࡢไᐃࠖ㸪ᆏ⏣௮࣭ᒣ⏣▱௦㸪ูࠗ෉ᩍ⫋◊ಟ࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪
SS㸪
ࡑࡢ௚㸦ゎㄝㄽᩥ㸧
ࠕඣ❺⹢ᚅ㜵Ṇἲࡢᨵṇࠖ㸪ᆏ⏣௮࣭ᒣ⏣▱௦㸪ูࠗ෉ᩍ⫋◊ಟ࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪SS
㸪
ࡑࡢ௚㸦ゎㄝㄽᩥ㸧
ࠕᅵ᭙ᤵᴗࡢᐇ᪋࡟ಀࡿᏛᰯᩍ⫱ἲ᪋⾜つ๎ࡢᨵṇ㸭ᩍ⛉᭩↓ൾᥐ⨨ἲࡢᨵṇࠖ㸪ᆏ⏣
௮࣭ᒣ⏣▱௦㸪ูࠗ෉ᩍ⫋◊ಟ࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪SS㸪
ࡑࡢ௚㸦ゎㄝㄽᩥ㸧
ࠕᑵᏛᡭ⥆ࡁ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᏛᰯᩍ⫱ἲ᪋⾜௧ࡢᨵṇ㸭᪥ᮏㄒᣦᑟ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᏛᰯᩍ⫱ἲ᪋⾜つ๎
ࡢᨵṇࠖ㸪ᆏ⏣௮࣭ᒣ⏣▱௦㸪ูࠗ෉ᩍ⫋◊ಟ࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪SS㸪
ࡑࡢ௚㸦ゎㄝㄽᩥ㸧
ࠕᏛᰯホ౯㸫࢔࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸ࢕ࢆᨭ࠼ࡿࢶ࣮ࣝ㸫ࠖ㸪ᆏ⏣௮࣭ᒣ⏣▱௦㸪ูࠗ෉ᩍ⫋◊
ಟ࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪SS㸪
ࡑࡢ௚㸦ゎㄝㄽᩥ㸧
ࠕ㐨ᚨࡢᩍ⛉໬㸫ࠕ≉ูࡢᩍ⛉ࠉ㐨ᚨࠖ࡜ᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬㸫ࠖ㸪ᆏ⏣௮࣭ᒣ⏣▱௦㸪ูࠗ෉ᩍ⫋
◊ಟ࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪SS㸪
ࡑࡢ௚㸦ゎㄝㄽᩥ㸧
ࠕయ⨩⚗Ṇࡢࠕᚭᗏࠖ㸫኱㜰ᕷ❧㧗➼Ꮫᰯయ⨩⮬ẅ஦௳ࢆཷࡅ࡚㸫ࠖ㸪ᆏ⏣௮࣭ᒣ⏣▱
௦㸪ูࠗ෉ᩍ⫋◊ಟ࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪SS㸪
ࡑࡢ௚㸦ゎㄝㄽᩥ㸧
ࠕ⩏ົᩍ⫱Ꮫᰯࡢ๰タ㸫ᖺᏛᰯᩍ⫱ἲࡢᨵṇ㸫ࠖ㸪ᆏ⏣௮࣭ᒣ⏣▱௦㸪ูࠗ෉ᩍ⫋◊
ಟ࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪SS㸪
ࡑࡢ௚㸦ᩍ⫱ᑓ㛛⣬㸧
ࠕᩍဨ࡬ࡢカ࿌
Ꮫᰯࡀၥࢃࢀࡿ᫬㸫ᩍ⫱ุ౛࠿ࡽࡢᩍカࠖ㸪ᆏ⏣௮࣭ᒣ⏣▱௦㸪᪥ᮏᩍ⫱᪂⪺㸪
ࡑࡢ௚㸦ᩍ⫱ᑓ㛛⣬㸧
ࠕ᪂௵ᩍဨ࡜᮲௳㝃᥇⏝
ࢥࣥࣉࣛ࢖࢔ࣥࢫࡢ᫬௦㸫ಙ㢗ࡀᦆ࡞ࢃࢀࡿ᫬ࠖ㸪ᆏ⏣௮࣭ᒣ⏣▱௦㸪᪥ᮏᩍ⫱᪂⪺㸪
ࡑࡢ௚㸦ᩍ⫱ᑓ㛛⣬㸧
ࠕ㐍㊰ᣦᑟ㸦ᣦᐃᰯ᥎⸀㸧ࡢ࣑ࢫ
ࢥࣥࣉࣛ࢖࢔ࣥࢫࡢ᫬௦㸫ಙ㢗ࡀᦆ࡞ࢃࢀࡿ᫬ࠖ㸪ᆏ⏣௮࣭ᒣ⏣▱௦㸪᪥ᮏᩍ⫱᪂⪺㸪
࣭
ࡑࡢ௚㸦ᩍ⫱ᑓ㛛⣬㸧
ࠕศ㝈ฎศ
ࢥࣥࣉࣛ࢖࢔ࣥࢫࡢ᫬௦㸫ಙ㢗ࡀᦆ࡞ࢃࢀࡿ᫬ࠖ㸪ᆏ⏣௮࣭ᒣ⏣▱௦㸪᪥ᮏᩍ⫱᪂⪺㸪
ࡑࡢ௚㸦ᩍ⫱ᑓ㛛⣬㸧
ࠕᏛᰯ⤒Ⴀ㸫⫋ဨ఍㆟ࡢἲⓗ఩⨨௜ࡅ
ࢥࣥࣉࣛ࢖࢔ࣥࢫࡢ᫬௦㸫ಙ㢗ࡀᦆ࡞ࢃࢀࡿ᫬ࠖ㸪ᆏ⏣௮࣭ᒣ⏣▱௦㸪᪥ᮏᩍ⫱᪂⪺㸪
ࡑࡢ௚㸦ᩍ⫱ᑓ㛛⣬㸧
ࠕබ❧Ꮫᰯᩍဨࡢ㈺ൾ㈐௵
ࢥࣥࣉࣛ࢖࢔ࣥࢫࡢ᫬௦㸫ಙ㢗ࡀᦆ࡞ࢃࢀࡿ᫬ࠖ㸪ᆏ⏣௮࣭ᒣ⏣▱௦㸪᪥ᮏᩍ⫱᪂⪺㸪
ᒣ⏣▱௦
315
ᩍဨྡ
ᒣ⏣▱௦
✀ู
◊✲ᴗ⦼
ࡑࡢ௚㸦ᩍ⫱ᑓ㛛⣬㸧
ࠕ⏕ᚐࡢᠬᡄฎศ
ࢥࣥࣉࣛ࢖࢔ࣥࢫࡢ᫬௦㸫ಙ㢗ࡀᦆ࡞ࢃࢀࡿ᫬ࠖ㸪ᆏ⏣௮࣭ᒣ⏣▱௦㸪᪥ᮏᩍ⫱᪂⪺㸪
ࡑࡢ௚㸦ᩍ⫱ᑓ㛛⣬㸧
ࠕ⏕ᚐ࡜ࡢ୙㐺ษ࡞㛵ಀ
ࢥࣥࣉࣛ࢖࢔ࣥࢫࡢ᫬௦㸫ಙ㢗ࡀᦆ࡞ࢃࢀࡿ᫬ࠖ㸪ᆏ⏣௮࣭ᒣ⏣▱௦㸪᪥ᮏᩍ⫱᪂⪺㸪
ࡑࡢ௚㸦ᩍ⫱ᑓ㛛⣬㸧
ࠕ࠸ࡌࡵࡢᐃ⩏
ࢥࣥࣉࣛ࢖࢔ࣥࢫࡢ᫬௦㸫ಙ㢗ࡀᦆ࡞ࢃࢀࡿ᫬ࠖ㸪ᆏ⏣௮࣭ᒣ⏣▱௦㸪᪥ᮏᩍ⫱᪂⪺㸪
Ꮫ఍Ⓨ⾲㸦༢
ࠕᆅ᪉බඹᅋయ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࠸ࡌࡵࡢ㜵Ṇ➼ࡢᑐ⟇࡜ᩍᖌࡢ఩⨨௜ࡅࠖ㸪᪥ᮏᩍᖌᏛᏛ఍㸪᪥
ᮏዪᏊ኱Ꮫ㸪ᮾி㒔㸪
◊✲఍Ⓨ⾲༢㸧
ࠕ㒊άື୰ࡢ஦ᨾ࡜㢳ၥᩍဨࡢἲⓗ㈐௵ࠖ㸪᪥ᮏࢫࢡ࣮࣭ࣝࢥࣥࣉࣛ࢖࢔ࣥࢫᏛ఍ᐃ౛◊
✲఍㸪᪥ᮏዪᏊ኱Ꮫ㸪ᮾி㒔㸪
ㅮ₇
ࠕ㒊άື㢳ၥࡀᢪ࠼ࡿἲⓗ㈐௵ࠖ㸪᫂἞኱Ꮫ᫂἞㧗➼Ꮫᰯ࣭୰Ꮫᰯࠕኟᮇᩍဨ◊ಟ఍ࠖ㸪
᫂἞኱Ꮫ᫂἞㧗➼Ꮫᰯ࣭୰Ꮫᰯ㸪ᮾி㒔㸪
ㅮ₇
ࠕࢫࢡ࣮࣭ࣝࢥࣥࣉࣛ࢖࢔ࣥࢫ㸫ἲつ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃᏛᰯ⤒Ⴀ㸫ࠖ㸪ᶓ὾ᕷᩍ⫱ጤဨ఍ࠕᖹᡂ
ᖺᗘ໭㒊Ꮫᰯ㐠Ⴀࢧ࣏࣮ࢺ஦ᴗࠉᑓ㛛ᐙ࡟ࡼࡿࠊඛ⏕࡜Ꮫᰯࡢࡓࡵࡢࢫ࢟ࣝ࢔ࢵࣉㅮᗙ
㸦୺ᖿᩍㅍ◊ಟ㸧ࠖ㸪ᶓ὾ᕷ㟷ⴥ༊ᙺᡤ㸪⚄ዉᕝ┴㸪
ㅮ₇
ࠕࢫࢡ࣮࣭ࣝࢥࣥࣉࣛ࢖࢔ࣥࢫ㸫ἲつ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃᏛᰯ⤒Ⴀ㸫ࠖ㸪ᶓ὾ᕷᩍ⫱ጤဨ఍ࠕᖹᡂ
ᖺᗘ໭㒊Ꮫᰯ㐠Ⴀࢧ࣏࣮ࢺ஦ᴗࠉᑓ㛛ᐙ࡟ࡼࡿࠊඛ⏕࡜Ꮫᰯࡢࡓࡵࡢࢫ࢟ࣝ࢔ࢵࣉㅮᗙ
㸦๪ᰯ㛗◊ಟ㸧ࠖ㸪ᶓ὾ᕷ㟷ⴥ༊ᙺᡤ㸪⚄ዉᕝ┴㸪
ㅮ₇
ࠕ͆ࢫࢡ࣮࣭ࣝࢥࣥࣉࣛ࢖࢔ࣥࢫ͇ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ㸫Ꮫᰯ஦ᨾ㸪య⨩㸪࠸ࡌࡵၥ㢟ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟
㸫ࠖ㸪ᑠ㔠஭ᕷᩍ⫱ጤဨ఍ࠕᩍ⫱ἲつ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᇶ♏◊ಟࠖ㸪ᑠ㔠஭ᕷᕷẸ఍㤋ⴌ࠼ᮌ࣮࣍
ࣝ㸪ᮾி㒔㸪
ㅮᗙ
ࠕᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇ࡢືྥࠖ㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿኱Ꮫබ㛤ㅮᗙ㸪༓ⴥ᯽㸧㸪
ㅮᗙ
ࠕ஦౛࡛Ꮫࡪࠊ࠸ࡌࡵࠊయ⨩ࠊᏛᰯ஦ᨾࠖ㸪ᩍဨචチ≧᭦᪂ㅮ⩦㸦ᢸᙜㅮ⩦ࠕᩍ⛉ᣦᑟ࣭
⏕ᚐᣦᑟࡑࡢ௚ᩍ⫱ࡢ඘ᐇ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ஦㡯ࠖ㸦㑅ᢥ㡿ᇦ㸧㸧㸪᪥ᮏዪᏊ኱Ꮫ㸪ᮾி㒔㸪
㛤ᬛᅜ㝿኱Ꮫ⣖せ
ᢞ✏つ๎
㸬ᮏㄅ࡟ࡣᩍ⫱㺃◊✲࡟㛵ࡍࡿࠕཎⴭㄽᩥࠖࠊ
ࠕ◊✲ࣀ࣮ࢺࠖࠊ
ࠕሗ࿌㺃㈨ᩱࠖ
ࠊ
ࠕ⩻ヂࠖࠊ
ࠕ᭩ホࠖ➼ࢆ
ᥖ㍕ࡍࡿࠋ
㸬ࠕཎⴭㄽᩥࠖ➼ࡣᮍබหࡢࡶࡢ࡟㝈ࡿࠋ
㸬ᢞ✏ࡢ㈨᱁ࡣཎ๎࡜ࡋ࡚ᮏᏛࡢᑓ௵࠾ࡼࡧව௵ࡢᩍ⫋ဨ࡜ࡍࡿࡀࠊᮏᏛ࡜㛵㐃ࢆࡶࡘ◊✲⪅ࢆㄆࡵ
ࡿሙྜࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
㸬ࠕཎⴭㄽᩥࠖࠊࠕ◊✲ࣀ࣮ࢺࠖࠊࠕሗ࿌㺃㈨ᩱࠖࠊ࠾ࡼࡧࠕ⩻ヂࠖࡣ୍⯡ᢞ✏ࢆཎ๎࡜ࡍࡿࡀࠊࠕሗ࿌࣭
㈨ᩱࠖࠊ
ࠕ᭩ホࠖ➼ࡣጤဨ఍ࡀᇳ➹ࢆ౫㢗ࡍࡿሙྜࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
㸬ᮏㄅ࡟ᥖ㍕ࡍࡿཎ✏ࡢ᥇ྰࡣࠊ⣖せ⦅㞟ጤဨ఍࡛ᑂᰝࡢ࠺࠼Ỵᐃࡍࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊᢞ✏ཎ✏࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ
⦅㞟ጤဨ఍ࡢጤკࡍࡿᰝㄞ⪅ࡀᰝㄞࡋࠊෆᐜࡢಟṇ➼ࢆせồࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
㸬ᥖ㍕ࡉࢀࡓㄽᩥ➼ࡢⴭస⪅ࡣࠊᅜ❧᝟ሗᏛ◊✲ᡤ࡟ࡼࡿ㟁Ꮚ໬㺃බ㛤ࠊཬࡧᮏᏛ࣮࣒࣮࣍࣌ࢪࡑࡢ
௚࡟↓ᩱබ㛤ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆチㅙࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡍࡿࠋ
㸬ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢෆᐜࡣḟࡢせ௳ࢆഛ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡍࡿࠋ
㸦㸧
ࠕཎⴭㄽᩥࠖࡣࠊၥ㢟࣭᪉ἲ࣭ᡭ⥆ࡁ࣭⤖ᯝ࣭⪃ᐹࡢྛ㒊ศ࠿ࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀࠊ⊂⮬ࡢㄽ᪨ࡀ᫂☜࡛࠶
ࡿࡇ࡜ࠋ
㸦㸧
ࠕ◊✲ࣀ࣮ࢺࠖࡣࠕཎⴭㄽᩥࠖ࡟‽ࡎࡿෆᐜࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࠋ
㸦㸧ࠕሗ࿌㺃㈨ᩱࠖࡣࠊᮏᏛᩍ⫱࣭࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ➼࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⪃ᐹࠊᩍᮦࠊཧ⪃㈨ᩱ࠾ࡼࡧᐇែㄪᰝࡢ
ሗ࿌࡞࡝࡜ࡍࡿࠋ
㸦㸧
ࠕ⩻ヂࠖࡣࠊὀ㔘࣭ゎ㢟ࡀ඘ᐇࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࠋࡲࡓࠊⴭసᶒ࣭⩻ヂᶒ➼࡟ࡘ࠸࡚༑ศ࡟␃ព
ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࠋ
೔⌮ୖࡢၥ㢟ࡀ⏕ࡌࡿ࠾ࡑࢀࡢ࠶ࡿ◊✲࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ◊✲೔⌮ጤဨ఍ࡢᑂᰝࢆཷࡅࠊᑂᰝ⤖ᯝ㏻▱
᭩ࡢ」෗ࢆཎ✏࡟ῧ࠼࡚ᥦฟࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
㸬ᢞ✏ࡣḟࡢせ㡿࡟ࡼࡿࠋ
㸦㸧ཎ✏ࡢ௚࡟ྠᩥࡢࢥࣆ࣮㒊ࢆῧ௜ࡍࡿࠋ
㸦㸧ཎ✏ࡣ࡞ࡿ࡭ࡃ㟁Ꮚࣇ࢓࢖ࣝᙧᘧ㸦:RUG➼㸧࡛ᇳ➹ࡋࠊ㟁Ꮚ፹యࡶࡋࡃࡣ࣓࣮ࣝῧ௜࡛ᥦฟࡍ
ࡿࡇ࡜ࠋ
㸦㸧࿴ᩥཎ✏ࡣࠊᏐ⛬ᗘ㸦⾜ᩥᏐ™⾜ࢆ㡫࡜ࡍࡿ㸧࡜ࡋࠊ$ุ⏝⣬ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࠋ
Ḣᩥཎ✏ࡢሙྜࡣࠊࢫࢺ࣮ࣟࢡ⾜ࢲࣈࣝࢫ࣮࣌ࢫ࡛ᯛ௨ୗ࡜ࡋࠊ$ุ⏝⣬ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࠋ
㸦㸧᪥ᮏㄒ࠾ࡼࡧࡑࡢⱥヂࡢ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻࢆಶ௨ෆࡘࡅࡿࠋ
㸦㸧㢟ྡࠊᇳ➹⪅ᡤᒓẶྡ࡟ࡣḢᩥࢆ௜ࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ
ࠕཎⴭㄽᩥࠖ࠾ࡼࡧࠕ◊✲ࣀ࣮ࢺࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ
ㄒ௨ෆࡢḢᩥᢒ㘓㸦࠾ࡼࡧࡑࡢ᪥ᮏㄒヂ㸧ࢆࡘࡅࡿࠋ
㸦㸧ᮏᩥ࡟࠾࠸࡚❶࣭⠇࡞࡝ࡢグྕࢆࡘࡅࡿሙྜࡣࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟グࡍࡢࢆཎ๎࡜ࡍࡿࠋ
ᗎ㺃⤖ㄽࢆ㝖ࡁࠊ
❶࡟࠶ࡓࡿࡶࡢ㸬㸬㸬
⠇࡟࠶ࡓࡿࡶࡢ㸬㸬㸬
㡯࡟࠶ࡓࡿࡶࡢ㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬 㡯௨ୗࡢࡶࡢ㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬
㸦㸧ᩥᏐࡣࠊᙜ⏝₎Ꮠࠊ⌧௦࠿࡞࡙࠿࠸ࢆཎ๎࡜ࡋࠊᩘᏐࡣ⟬⏝ᩘᏐࠊḢᩥࡣάᏐయࠊ⤫ィグྕࡣ࢖
ࢱࣜࢵࢡయ࡛グࡍࠋ
㸦㸧እᅜᆅྡ࣭ேྡࡣཎㄒࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࠋእᅜㄒࡣ࡞ࡿ࡭ࡃヂㄒࢆ௜ࡅࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊ᪥ᮏㄒ࡜ࡋ࡚័⏝໬
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿእᅜㄒࡣ࢝ࢱ࢝ࢼ࡛グࡍࠋ
㸦㸧ᅗ⾲ࡣู⣬࡟ࢺ࣮ࣞࢫࡢ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ᥥࡁࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟グࡍࠋ
ᅗࠊᅗࠊ⾲ࠊ⾲ࠊ)LJXUHࠊ7DEOH
࡞࠾ࠊᮏᩥ୰࡟ᅗ⾲ࡢࢫ࣮࣌ࢫࢆ᥮⟬ࡋ࡚఩⨨ࢆ᫂グࡍࡿࠋ
㸦㸧ὀ࣭ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩ࡣࠊḟࡢ࠸ࡎࢀ࠿ࡢ᪉ἲ࡛グ㍕ࡍࡿࠋ
ձୖ௜ࡁ࡛㸦㸧
ࠊ㸦㸧ࠊ
㸦㸧࡜௜␒ࡋࠊᮏᩥᮎ࡟ࠕὀ࣭ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡲ࡜ࡵࡿࠋ
ղᘬ⏝ᩥࡢ┤ᚋ࡟㸦 㸧᭩ࡁࡋࠊ㸦 㸧ࡢ୰࡟ࡣࠊⴭ⪅ྡࠊⓎ⾜ᖺࠊᡤᅾ࣮࣌ࢪࢆグࡋࠊᮏᩥᮎ࡟
ࠕᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡲ࡜ࡵࡿࠋࡇࡢ࡜ࡁࠊ␒ྕࡣ௜ࡅࡎࠊ࿴ᩥࡣⴭ⪅ྡࡢ͆࠶࠸࠺࠼࠾͇㡰ࠊḟ࡟ ⱥᩥࡣⴭ⪅ྡࡢ͆࢔ࣝࣇ࢓࣋ࢵࢺ͇㡰࡟グ㍕ࡍࡿࠋ
㹙౛㹛͆ ͇
㸦'DYLV㸪㸹S㸧
͆ ͇㸦&ROOLQV㸪㸹SS㸧
ࡇࡢሙྜࠊὀࡣࠊୖ௜ࡘࡁ࡛㸦㸧
ࠊ
㸦㸧
ࠊ㸦㸧࡜௜␒ࡋࠊᮏᩥᮎ࡟ࠕὀࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡲ࡜ࡵࡿࠋ
ͤ㑥ᩥࡢᘬ⏝ᩥࡣࠕ ࡛ࠖࡃࡃࡾࠊḢᩥࡢᘬ⏝ᩥࡣ͇࡛͆ࡃࡃࡿࠋ㛗ᩥࡢᘬ⏝ࡢሙྜࡣࠊ
ࠕ ࠖ
ࢆ௜ࡅࡎࠊ๓ᚋࢆ⾜ࡎࡘ࠶ࡅࠊᘬ⏝㒊඲యࢆ Ꮠୗࡆ࡚グࡍࠋ
ͤղࡢሙྜࠊྠ୍Ⓨ⾜ᖺ࡟ྠ୍ⴭ⪅ࡢᩥ⊩ࡀ」ᩘ࠶ࡿሙྜ࡟ࡣࠊ᭱㏆ࡢࡶࡢ࠿ࡽ㡰࡟ࠊDࠊ
Eࡢࡼ࠺࡟༊ูࡍࡿࠋ
㸦㸧ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩ࡢグ㍕᪉ἲ
ձ㞧ㄅㄽᩥࡢሙྜ
ⴭ⪅ྡ㸸Ⓨ⾜ᖺ㸪ㄽᩥྡ㸪㞧ㄅྡ㸪ᕳᩘ㸪ྕᩘ㸪ጞࡵࡢ㡯㸫⤊ࢃࡾࡢ㡯㸬
㸦౛㸧ᅵᒃ೺㑻㸸㸪
ࠕࢼࣝࢳࢩࢬ࣒ࡢ⌮ㄽ࡜⮬ᕫࡢ⾲㇟ࠖ㸪
ࠗ⢭⚄ศᯒ◊✲࠘
㸪➨ᕳ㸪➨
ྕ㸪㡫㸬㸦౛㸧&ROOLQV'7㸸͆1RWHVRQWKH+RVSLWDO7UHDWPHQWRI
'LVRUGHUHG<RXWK͇-DSDQHVH-RXUQDORI3V\FKRDQDO\VLV9RO1RSS
ղ༢⾜ᮏࡢሙྜ
ⴭ⪅ྡ㸸Ⓨ⾜ᖺ㸪᭩ྡ㸪ฟ∧♫ྡ㸪Ⓨ⾜ᆅ㸬
㸦౛㸧ᒣᮏኴ㑻㸸㸪ࠗỴᐃᶒࡢᡤᅾ࠘
㸪ఀ⸨ฟ∧㸪ᮾி㸬
㸦౛㸧.HUQEHUJ2)㸸,QWHUQDO:RUOGDQG([WHUQDO5HDOLW\-DVRQ$URQVRQ
1HZ<RUN
ճ༢⾜ᮏࡢ❶ࡲࡓࡣ୍㒊ࡢሙྜ
ⴭ⪅ྡ㸸Ⓨ⾜ᖺ㸪ㄽ㢟ྡ㸪⦅⪅ྡ㸪᭩ྡ㸪ฟ∧♫ྡ㸪Ⓨ⾜ᆅ㸪ጞࡵࡢ㡯㸫⤊ࢃࡾࡢ㡯㸬
㸦౛㸧ෆ஭᝷୐㸸㸪
ࠕᩘᏛⓗㄽ⌮Ꮫࡢᡂ❧ࠖ
㸪⚄㔝្୍㑻㸦⦅㸧
㸪
ࠗ⌧௦ဴᏛࡢࣂࢵࢡ࣮࣎ࣥ࠘
㸪
ວⲡ᭩ᡣ㸪ᮾி㸪㡫㸬
㸦౛㸧6PLWK/&㸸͇'H㸚QLQJWKH5ROHRI,QIRUPDWLRQ6FLHQFH͇$ODQ&
%RZHQ㸦HG㸧/LEUDU\DQG,QIRUPDWLRQ6WXGLHV,QWHUQDWLRQDO3XEOLVKLQJ
&RPSDQ\1HZ<RUNSS㸬
㸦㸧ཎ✏ࡢᮎᑿ࡟⬺✏ᖺ᭶᪥ࢆグධࡋ࡚ᥦฟࡍࡿࠋ
㸦㸧ᇳ➹⪅ᰯṇࡣᰯࡲ࡛࡜ࡍࡿࠋཎ๎࡜ࡋ࡚ຍ➹ಟṇࡣㄆࡵ࡞࠸ࠋ
㸦㸧ྃㄞⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ௨ୗձ㹼ճࡢ࠸ࡎࢀࢆ౑⏝ࡋ࡚ࡶࡼ࠸ࠋణࡋࠊㄽᩥࡢ୰࡛ࡢ⤫୍ࢆᅗࡿࡇ࡜
࡜ࡍࡿࠋ
ձࠕࠊࠖ࡜ࠕࠋࠖ
ղࠕ㸪ࠖ࡜ࠕࠖ ճࠕ㸪ࠖ࡜ࠕࠋࠖ
⣖せ⦅㞟ጤဨ఍
ᨵᐃ ᖹᡂ ᖺ ᭶ ᪥
ዻ‒ ᨼ‒ ࢸ‒ ᚡ‒
2015 ᖺᗘࡢࠕ⣖せࠖࢆห⾜ࡍࡿࠋᮏᏛࡣ௒ᖺᗘ
ࡢ୰ࡀື࠸࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࡢୡ⏺ࢆᢸ࠺ḟୡ௦
࠿ࡽ኱Ꮫྡࢆ㛤ᬛᅜ㝿኱Ꮫ࡜ኚ᭦ࡋࡓࡀࠊ㏻ᕳ␒
ࢆ⫱࡚ࡿᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵࡜ࡋ࡚኱Ꮫே࡜ࡋ࡚ఱࢆࡍ࡭ࡁ
ྕ࡛࠶ࡿ➨ 15 ྕ࡜ࡋࡓࠋ
࠿ࠊఱࡼࡾ୍ேࡢே㛫࡜ࡋ࡚࡝࠺ࡍ࡭ࡁ࠿ࠋ᭤ࡀ
ᑠつᶍ኱Ꮫ࡞ࡀࡽᩍဨࡀᑓ㛛࡜ࡍࡿᏛ⾡ศ㔝ࡀ
ࡾゅࢆ㏄࠼ࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ᫬௦࡟࠶ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ෭㟼
ከᒱ࡟ரࡿᮏᏛ࡛ࡣᰝㄞ⪅ࢆᏛእ࡟ࡶồࡵ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ
࡞▱࡜ࠊ෭㟼࡞▱࡟❧⬮ࡋࡓ⾜ື࡜ࡀ㔜せࡔ࡜ಙ
௒ྕ࡛ࡶᐇ࡟ከᩘࡢᏛእᰝㄞ⪅࠿ࡽཝࡋ࠸ࡈᣦ᦬
ࡌࡿࡇ࡜ࠋࡑࢀࢆಁࡍࠕ㛤ᬛࠖࡢ୍ㄒࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡓ
ࡸࡈຓゝࢆ㈷ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢሙࢆ೉ࡾ࡚ᚰࡼࡾࡢឤㅰ
࠸ࠋ
ࢆ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡿࠋ࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓ࠾ゝⴥࢆྏဂ⃭ບ࡜ࡋ
ࠕᚋグࠖࡢ᭱ᚋ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚⏦ࡋヂ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ௒ྕ࡛ࡶ
࡚௒ᚋ࡟ά࠿ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀᩍ⫱࡜Ꮫ⾡◊✲࡜ࢆ
ᅗ᭩㤋஦ົ᪉ࡢ୰⏣㊰Ꮚ୺௵ࡣࡌࡵᅗ᭩㤋ࢫࢱ
୧㍯࡟ࡍࡿᶵ㛵ࡢດࡵ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠺ࠋ
ࢵࣇࡢ᪉ࠎ࡟኱ኚ࠾ୡヰ࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ⥲㡫ᩘࡀከ࠸
࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊࡇࡢᅜ࡜ୡ⏺࡜ࡀᢪ࠼ࡿ㔜࠸ㄢ㢟ࢆ
ఏ࠼ࡿሗ㐨࡟᥋ࡋ࡞࠸᪥ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ୍ᅜࡢၥ㢟ࡣࢢ
௒ྕ࡛ࡣ㈝ࡸࡍປຊࡸ᫬㛫ࡀቑ࠼ࠊࡇࡢ᪉ࠎࡢࡈ
ᑾຊ࡞ࡋ࡟ࡣห⾜࡟⮳ࡿసᴗࡀ㐍ࡲ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ⦅
࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬ࡋࡓୡ⏺ࡀᢪ࠼ࡿ኱ࡁ࡞ၥ㢟࡜᥋⥆ࡋ
㞟ጤဨ୍ྠࢆ௦⾲ࡋ࡚῝ࡃᚚ♩ࢆ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡿࠋ
࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᪥ᖖࡢᬽࡽࡋࡢ୰࡛ឤࡌࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ 㸦⦅㞟ጤဨ㛗 బࠎᮌ ࡉࡼ㸧
┈ࠎቑ࠼࡚ࡁࡓࠋࢠࢩࢠࢩ࡜୙✜࡞㡢ࢆ❧࡚࡚ୡ
㛤 ᬛ ᅜ 㝿 ኱ Ꮫ ⣖ せ ➨ 15 ྕ
ISSN 1348-0154
ᖹᡂ 28 ᖺ 2 ᭶ 15 ᪥ Ⓨ⾜
⦅㞟⪅ 㛤 ᬛ ᅜ 㝿 ኱ Ꮫ
⣖ せ ⦅ 㞟 ጤ ဨ ఍
ጤဨ㛗 బࠎᮌ ࡉ
ጤ ဨ ⳥ ᓥ ṇ
஬ ⸨ ᑑ
ᮡ ᮌ ᜏ
ࡼ
ᾈ ᑠ ụ ⿱ Ꮚ
ᶞ బஂ㛫 ♸ Ꮚ
ᙪ Ⓨ⾜⪅ 㛤 ᬛ ᅜ 㝿 ኱ Ꮫ
ࠛ277-0005 ༓ⴥ┴᯽ᕷ᯽ 1225-6
TEL 04-7167-8655
FAX 04-7163-0096
http://www.kaichi.ac.jp/

教育研究業績一覧

「中高年女性による地域子育て支援に関する調査研究