グローバル・ジャズの起源について レジュメ 2008年3月30日(日) 現代

‫ࡡࢫࣔࢩ࣬ࣜࣁ࣭ࣞࢡڦ‬㉫″࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ ࣝࢩ࣒ࣖ
ᖳ ᭮ ᪝㸝᪝㸞
⌟௥ࢩࣔࢫᩝ໩◂✪㸨᭮ౚఌ
᪂㸯ୠ⏲ྍ◂✪ᡜ
㸝㸦㸞༳⮾ⁿ዇࡞࠽ࡄࡾ㸝ᅗื࣬ᆀᇡื㸞㉲ሾஹὮྍࡡᵋᠺࠊࢻࢨࣘࢻࣜ࣬ࣃࢪࢹ࣭࡛ࣛวࡽ㞫ࡈࡿ
ࡾࡆ࡛࡝ࡂᵋᠺࡈࡿ࡙ࡀࡒ㎾௥ࡡ㡚ᴞྍࡡ᭡࠾ࡿ᪁ࢅ㸡ࡥࡖࡂࡽ࠾࠻ࡊ࡙㏣ࡡഁ࠾ࡼオ㏑ࡌࡾモࡲࠊ
㸝࡝
ࡏࢻࢨࣘࢻࣜ࡝ฦ᩷⥲ࡢࠔ㉲ሾࠕ"ࠔ⬲ᵋ⠇ࠕࡈࡿࡾᚪさ࠿࠵ࡾࡡ࠾㸴㸞
㸝㸧㸞ࢩࣔࢫྍࡡ㌹ᥦ᭿࡞㸡㸱ୠ⏲㸳ࡢ࡜ࡡࡻ࠹࡞᩺ࡒ࡞⾪㇗ࡈࡿ࡝࠽ࡊࡒ࠾㸴 ࡜ࡡࡻ࠹࡞ㄊࡽ├
ࡈࡿࡒ࠾㸴
㸝㸨㸞ⁿ዇ᐓࡡㄊࡽ㸡⫀ࡀᡥࡡㄊࡽ࡝࡜㸡々ᩐࡡࣂ࣭ࢪ࣋ࢠࢷ࢔ࣥࡡஹᕣ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙㔔ᒒỬᏽࡈࡿࡾฝ
ᮮ஥ࢅ㸡々╉Ⓩ࡞්ᵋᠺࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࠊ
㸝㸩㸞ࢻࢨࣘࢻࣜ࣬ࣃࢪࢹ࣭࡛ࣛวࡽ㞫ࡈࡿࡒࢡ࣭ࣞࣁࣛࢭ࣭ࢨࣘࣤࡡ᫤௥ࡡ༳⮾㡚ᴞ࠿࠵ࡽᚋࡾ࡛
ࡊ࡙㸡ࡐࡆ࡚ࡡ㡚ᴞࡡオ㏑ࡷᢀフࡢరࢅណ࿝ࡌࡾࡡ࠾㸴
‫࡙࠷࠽࡞ྍࢫࣔࢩڦ‬㸱ୠ⏲㸳ࡢ࡜ࡡࡻ࠹࡞⋋ᚋࡈࡿࡒ࠾㸴
㹐㸾㹒 ᖳ௥
ؐؐࢼ࣭࣭ࣖࣙࢠ࣬ࢨ࣭ࣤ
ࢩࣔࢫ࣬ࢤ࣭ࣤ࣎ࢧ࣭ࢫ࢛࣭࣬ࢢࢪࢹࣚ
㸝࣭࢜ࣚ࣬ࣇࣝ࢕㸛࣏࢕ࢠ࣏࣬ࣤࢹ࣭ࣚ㸞Ⓣெࡒࡔࡡࢩࣔࢫ㸴
ࢺࣤ࣬ࢲ࣭࢘ࣛࡷࢬࢨࣜ࣬ࢷ࢕࣭ࣚ࡝࡜ࢅ㯦ெ㡚ᴞࡡ⾪⌟⩽࡛ࡊ࡙࡚ࡢ࡝ࡂ㸡࢙ࢪࢼࢴࢠⰅࢅᮇ㈻Ⓩ
࡝ࡵࡡ࡛ࡊ࡝࠷ⰹ⾙ᐓ࡛ࡊ࡙ᙽ㐕ࠊ
っⅤ㸯᩺㡚ᴞࡡ⮤❟ࡡᣈⅤࢅషࡾࠊ
ࢡ࣭ࣞࣁࣜࡻࡽࡵࢼ࣭࣭ࣖࣙࢠ࣭࣬ࣞ࢜ࣜࠊ
ᖳ࣭ࣛ࣊ࣝࢨ࣐࣭ࣘࣤ࣬ࣖࢩࢴࢠ࢛࣭࣬ࢢࢪࢹࣚ⤎ᠺࠊ
㸱࢕ࣤࢰ࣭ࢻࢨࣘࢻࣛࢫ࣑㸳ᕞ⩴㐘ິ మโን㠁 ␪ࢂࡿ࡙࠷࡝࠷㠁࿤ࡡ౮ೋ
ؐؐḚᕗࢨ࣭ࣤࠊ
ᖳ ࣞࣤࢺࣤ࣬ࢩࣔࢫ࣬ࢤ࣭ࣤ࣎ࢧ࣭ࢫ࢛࣭࣬ࢢࢪࢹࣚ
ᖳ ࢡ࣭ࣞࣇ࣬ࣗࢼࢷ࢔࢛࣭࣬ࢢࢪࢹࣚࡡ⤎ᠺࠊЋࢠ࣭ࣜ࣬ࢩࣔࢫࡡᶅೊ࡞⤂ጙࡊ࡙࠷ࡒࢺ࢕ࢵ࣬
ࢨ࣭ࣤ࡞⏤᭿Ⓩ࡝㌹ᶭࢅ୙࠻ࡾࠊ
ࢺ࢕ࢵ࡚ࡢ⌟௥㡚ᴞࡷⰹ⾙࡛ࡡ᥃Ⅴࢅᶅ⣬ࠊኬᏕࡡ㡚ᴞࠊ
ࢤࣤࣈࣝࢴࢠࢪ࡛ࡊ࡙ࡡࠔࢡ࣭ࣞࣇࠕ㸱༳⮾ᚃ㐅ᅗࢺ࢕ࢵ㸳
ิⓆࡡṹ㝭࡞࠽ࡄࡾࢡ࣭ࣞࣇ࣬ࣗࢼࢷ࢔ࡡ࣒ࣤࣁ࣭ᵋᠺࡢ㸡ࡐࡿ࠿࠵ࡂࡱ࡚ࡵ࣭ࣙࣞࢴࣂහࠔࢡ࣭ࣞ
ࣇࠕ࡚࠵ࡾࡆ࡛ࢅ♟ࡊ࡙࠷࡙㸡አ㒂࠾ࡼぜࡒሔྙ㸡こḚ୯ᚨ୹⩇ࡡᙫࢅᘤࡀࡍࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࡆ࡛ࡢ᪺ࡼ࠾࡚
࠵ࡾࠊ
㹐..㹒 ᖳ௥
ᖳ &*4( ࡡ࣭ࣙࣞࢴࣂ㐅ฝࠊ㸧ᖳ㛣⁣ᅹࠊ
㸝㯦ெࡒࡔ࡞ࡻࡾⰹ⾙Ⓩ㉲ሾ㸞
ᵋ⠇୹⩇Ⓩ㯦ெ㡚ᴞ࡛࡚ࡵ࠷࠹ࡻ࠹࡝༳⮾ⁿ዇ࡡᥞ♟ࠊࡆࡡⅤ࡚ࡢ㸡࢓ࣤࢮࢼ࣭࣬ࣇࣚࢠࢪࢹࣤࡡࢠ
࢙࣭ࣛࢷ࢔࣐࣭ࣥ࣬ࣖࢩࢴࢠ࢛࣭࣬ࢢࢪࢹࣚࡵྜྷᵕࡡヾㆉ⥲୕ࢅິ࠷࡙࠷ࡾࠊ࣎ࢪࢹ࣬ࣆ࣭ࣛ㸝ࢪࢷ࢔
࣭ࣥ࣬ࣝ࢕ࢨ࣭࿤ྞ㸞ࡵ㸡⾪ฝ࠾ࡼᢙ⾲࡫࡛ິ࠷࡙࠷ࡖࡒ ᖳ௥Ѝ ᖳ௥ࡡ༳⮾ࡡን㈻ࢅ㐲☔࡞࡛ࡼ࠻
ࡒゕⴝࡓࡖࡒࠊ
;&ࠖ,HWWLQ
WRNQR\^
FOOࠗ
㸝258 ᖳ ᭮㘋㡚㸞
ᮇ┑࡞ࡢ㸡࢓࣭ࢹ࣬࢓ࣤࢦࣤࣇࣜࡡ࣒ࣤࣁ࣭ࡵཤຊ㸡Ằ᪐Ⰵࢅ᤿⏕ࡊ࡝࠷ࢺ࢕ࢵᆵ࢛࣭ࢢࢪࢹࣚࡡモ
ࡲࡵ࠵ࡖࡒࡆ࡛ࢅ▩ࡼࡊࡴࡾࠊࡐࡿ࡚ࡵ㸡ᇱᮇⓏ࡞ࡢࠔこὊ࡛᮶Ὂࡡฝఌ࠷ࠕ
㸝࣭࣊ࣝࣤࢹ㸞࡛࠷ࡖࡒࡻ
࠹࡝஦㡧ᑊ❟Ⓩ࡝Ⓠ᝷࠿ᨥ㒼Ⓩࡓࡖࡒ᫤௥࡛ゕ࠻ࡾࡓࢀ࠹ࠊ
ࢮࣄ࢙ࢹ࣬ࢩࣔࢫࡡこഁὮฝ㸝࢛ࣝ࣬ࣝࢤ࣭ࢺ㸞
っⅤ㸯 ᖳ௥ࡡ㸱ୠ⏲㸳ࡡ⾪㇗ࡡࡈࡿ᪁ࡢ㸡ౚአ࡝ࡂ㸡っⅤ࠿こഁ࡞࠽࠾ࡿ࡙࠷ࡒࡆ࡛ࢅᐁッࡌࡾࡵࡡ
࡚࠵ࡾࠊ&*(4 ࡡഁ࠾ࡼࠔこḚࠕࢅ࡜࠹ࡱ࡝ࡉࡊࡒ࠾࡛࠷ࡖࡒⓆ᝷ࡢ࠵ࡽᚋ࡝࠾ࡖࡒࠊᙴࡼࡡࣂࣤ࣬࢓ࣆ
ࣛ࢜ࣤ㡚ᴞࡢ㸡࣭ࣙࣞࢴࣂ࠾ࡼࡡっ⥲ࢅහ㟻໩ࡊࡒ࡛ࡆࢀ࡞⏍ࡱࡿࡒ㡚ᴞࡓࡖࡒ࡛ゕࡖ࡙࠷࠷ࡻ࠹࡞ᛦ
ࢂࡿࡾࠊ
㯦ெࢦ࣭ࢠࣜහ㒂࡚ࡢ㸡
ࠔ㯦ெⰹ⾙ᐓࠕ࠿ணࢂࡿࡾ࡬ࡀ᩺ࡊ࠷౮ೋ࡚࠵ࡖࡒࡆ࡛ࢅᛦ࠻ࡣ㸡ࡐࡆ࡚ࡢࡷ
ࡢࡽ㸱Ⓣெ୩㯦ெ㸳ാࡡ☔❟࠿ၡ㢗࡞࡝ࡖ࡙࠷ࡒ࡛᩷ࡏࡉࡾࢅᚋ࡝࠷ࠊこḚⓏ౮ೋࡷ㸡ⰹ⾙࡛࠷࠹ᴣᛍ
ࡐࡡࡵࡡࡢᢀึࡡᑊ㇗࡞ࡢ࡝ࡖ࡙࠷࡝࠾ࡖࡒࠊ
㹐...㹒 ᖳ௥
㎾⸠➴์࠿༟㌗㉩௴ᆵ࣭ࣙࣞࢴࣂザၡ࡚㸱ୠ⏲໩㸳ࡌࡾࠊ
Ḛᕗ୯ᚨ୹⩇ࢅඞࡿ࡙࠷࡝࠷༳⮾ࢨ࣭ࣤࡡ࠵ࡽ᪁ࠊ
ᚃᖳ㸡 ᖳࡡ㸱᮶ா࣐࣭ࢷ࢔ࣤࢡ㸳࡞ࡻࡖ࡙㸡༳⮾ⁿ዇࡞࠽ࡄࡾḚ⡷࠾ࡼࡡ⬲୯ᚨ໩࠿モࡲࡼࡿࡾࠊ
ࡆࡿࡢ⤽⤾ࡊ࡝࠾ࡖࡒࠊ
ጢὀ↭ࡡⓇሔࠊЋ㸱࢓ࢩ࢓㸳࡛࠷࠹ᯗ⤄ࡡᾃ୕ࠊࡊ࠾ࡊ㡉ᅗࢦ࢕ࢺ࠾ࡼぜࡾ࡝ࡼ㸡ࢦ࣑ࣜࢿࣛࡵ᪝ᮇ
࡚ࡡᠺຉ࠿㡉ᅗ࡚ࡡᠺຉࡡ㊂࠿࠾ࡽ࡞࡝ࡖࡒ࡛࠷࠹࠾ࡼ㸡ࡆࡆ࡚ࡡっ⥲ࡢ㸱᪝ᮇЍ㡉ᅗ㸳࡛࠷࠹ୌ᪁ྡྷ
Ⓩ࡝ࡵࡡ࡚࠵ࡖࡒ࡛ᛦࢂࡿࡾࠊ
ᖳ ࢛࣭ࣝ࣬ࣝ࣊ࣜ࠿࢝ࢾࣛࣤ࣬ࢹ࢛ࣛࡡ࢓ࣜࣁ࣑ࢅิ࣭ࣛࣛࢪࠊ
っⅤ㸯ஷ࿤ࣞࢨ࢓ெࢅ㏳ࡊ࡙こḚ࠿ࣞࢨ࢓ࢅࡱ࡝ࡉࡌࠊ
ᖳ௥୯㸡ࢩࣘࣤ࣬ࢯ࣭ࣤࡡࢤࣇࣚࠊࣇࢴࢲ࣓࣬ࣛࢪࡡࢤࣤࢱࢠࢨࣘࣤࠊ
࢓࣒ࣛ࢜࣬ࢦ࢕ࢺ࠾ࡼ㉫ࡆࡖࡒኣᵕ໩ࡌࡾ༳⮾ⁿ዇࡫ࡡᚺ➽ࠊࡐࡡ㒌ᗐࡡ࡛ࡽࡱ࡛ࡴ࠿㸱ୠ⏲㸳ࢅᵋ
ᠺࡌࡾ㞗ᅆᛮࡡฝ⌟ࠊ
ᖳ ᭮ ࢲ࣭ࣖࣛࢴࣃࡡࣞࢨ࢓๑⾠㡚ᴞ⚅ࠊኬࡀ࡝㌹ᶭࠊ
っⅤ㸯こḚؐؐࡒࡓࡊ㸡ࢪ࢕ࢪࡡࢲ࣭ࣖࣛࢴࣃ࡛࠷࠹ሔᡜࡢ㸡ࡆࡡっ⥲࡞≁ื࡝ࣁ࢕࢓ࢪࢅ࠾ࡄ࡙࠷
ࡾࡻ࠹࡞ᛦࢂࡿࡾࠊࣂࢹࣛࢴࢠ࣬ࣚࣤࢺࣜࢹࡡ㸱࢕ࣤࢰࢠࢹ㸳࣭ࣝ࣊ࣜࡡ⥽ࡲ୕ࡅ࡙࠷ࡾ㛭౿ᛮ㸝ࡆࡿ
ࡵࡱࡒ㸱ୠ⏲㸳ࢅࡱ࡝ࡉࡌୌࡗࡡ᪁Ἢ࡚࠵ࡾ㸞࠿㸡⥪మ࡛ࡊ්࡙᳠ゞ࡞௛ࡈࡿࡾ࡬ࡀ࡛ࡆࢀؐؐࡡ✾࠾
ࡼࣞࢨ࢓ࢅぜࡾࠊ
9*=9㸯࢓ࣝࢠࢦࣤࢺ࣭ࣜ࣬࢜ࣤࠔ࠵ࡾ᫤௥ࡡ⤂ↁࠕ
Ѝよమࡌࡾࠔࢮࣄ࢙ࢹ࣬ࢩࣔࢫࠕ
ࠊ"ࠔ๑⾠ࠕᴣᛍࡡよమࠊ
ࣞࢨ࢓࡞࢓ࣈ࣭ࣞࢲࡌࡾ㝷࡞㸡≁ืࡡࠔ✾ࠕ
㸝ౚ࠻ࡣ㸡๑⾠୹⩇㸞ࢅᚪさ࡛ࡊࡒࡻ࠹࡝ᚉᮮࡡୌ᪁Ⓩ࡝
っ⥲࠾ࡼ㸡ࢱ࢕ࣝࢠࢹ࡝࣐࣭ࣖࢩࢨࣔࣤࡡᙸᮮ࠿ណ࿝ࢅᣚࡖ࡙࠷ࡂ᫤௥࠿฽ᮮࡌࡾࠊЍࢼࢤࣚ࢕࣬ࢺ࣐
࣭ࢹ࢙ࣛࣆࡡโష᪁Ἢࡡᇱᮇ࡞࡝ࡖ࡙࠷ࡒࡡࡵ㸡ࡆ࠹ࡊࡒ㛭౿ᛮࡡ๭ฝࡓࡖࡒ࡛ゕ࠻ࡾࡓࢀ࠹ࠊࡒࡓっ
Ⅴࢅ࣓ࢪࢠ࣠࡞࠽ࡂ࡛࠷࠹ࡆ࡛ࡓࡄ࠿㸡࣭ࣞ࢜ࣜࡓࡖࡒ࡛ゕࡖ࡙ࡵ࠷࠷ࠊ
Ѝ࢓࣒ࣛ࢜ࡡࢡ࣭ࣞࣁࣛࢭ࣭ࢨࣘࣤ࡞ࡻࡾୌᴗ໩࠿㐅ࡳࠊ
ࡆࡡᘇ㛏⥲୕࡞㸡࢓࣒ࣛ࢜࡞っⅤࢅ⨠࠷ࡒ㸱୯ᚨ࡛࿔⦍㸳ࡡᅒᘟ࡚ୠ⏲࡞ᣉᩋࡊࡒࢩࣔࢫࢅ්ᵋ㏸໩
ࡌࡾ࡛࠷࠹Ⓠ᝷㸝ࢡ࣭ࣞࣁࣜ࣬ࢩࣔࢫ㸞࠿ฝ⌟ࡊ࡙ࡀࡒࡡ࡚ࡢ࡝࠷ࡓࢀ࠹࠾㸝௫ㄕ㸞
ࠊ
㹐.;㹒 ᖳ௥
࣭࣋ࢰ࣭࣬ࢤ࣭ࣥ࢒ࣜࢹࡡ㌹㌗ࠊ
ࢡ࣭ࣞࣇ࣬ࣗࢼࢷ࢔࠾ࡼᩋ⛸ࡈࡿࡾ༳⮾ⁿ዇࡫ࠊ
ᩋ⛸ࡈࡿࡾ༳⮾ⁿ዇࠾ࡼࢿ࣏ࢺⓏ⁳Ὦ࡫ࠊ
Ḛ⡷᪝ࡡ࢕ࣤࣈࣞࣥ࢒࢕ࢧ࣭࡛ࡡࢸ࢛ࣖⁿ዇㞗㸝 ᖳ௥ᮆ㸞
Ѝ⬲୯ᚨ໩ࡈࡿࡾ࣭ࣙࣞࢴࣂ୯ᚨ୹⩇ࠊࢼ࣭࣭ࣖࣙࢠ㸡᪝ᮇ࡞ࡻࡾ࣭ࣙࣞࢴࣂ࡛࠷࠹ሔᡜࡡ┞ᑊ໩ࠊ
࣭࣋ࢰ࣭࣬ࢤ࣭ࣥ࢒ࣜࢹ㸱ࢡ࣭ࣞࣁࣜ࣬ࣥ࢔ࣝࢴࢩ㸳
っⅤ㸯⃥ࡊࡂ⛛ິࡌࡾっⅤ࠿≁ᚡⓏࠊ࣭ࣙࣞࢴࣂ୯ᚨ୹⩇Ѝ⬲࣭ࣙࣞࢴࣂ୯ᚨ୹⩇Ѝࢿ࣏ࢺⓏ⁳Ὦ㸝⛛
ິࡌࡾっⅤ㸞
ࢦ࢕ࣤ࣌ࡡⓇሔ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ᵋ㏸࠿ኬࡀࡂን໩ࡊࡒ࣭ࣙࣞࢴࣂ༳⮾ࡡୠ⏲ᆀᅒࠊ
ࢸ࢛ࣖⁿ዇㞗ࡡ㝀⏲ࢅᵋᠺࡊ࡙࠷ࡒᴗ᮶ࡡ㸱᪝ᮇ㸳ࢅ㉲࠻࡙㸡࢓ࢩ࢓࡞ᗀ࠿ࡾࢾࢴࢹ࣭࣠ࢠࡡ࢕࣒࣭
ࢩࠊ
ࡒࡓࡆࡿࡼࡢこḚࡐࡡࡵࡡࡡහ◒࡛ࡊ࡙⾔࡝ࢂࡿ㸡㏣࡞Ḛᕗ࡞ᑊࡌࡾ௙⩽࡛ࡊ࡙ฝ⌟ࡊࡒࡢࡍࡡࢦ࢕
ࣤ࣌ࡢ㸡༳⮾࡞ⰹ⾙Ⓩ౮ೋࢅぜ࠷ࡓࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ࡝࡜㸱୯ᚨ࡛⤂ↁ㸳ࡡᅒᘟ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙༳⮾࡞࢓ࣈ࣭ࣞࢲࡊ࡙
࠽ࡽ㸡ᙴࡼ࠿ୌࡗࡡヾㆉࢅභ᭯ࡊ࡙࠷ࡒ࡛ࡢᛦ࠻࡝࠷ࠊ୦⩽࠿ࡐࡿࡑࡿࡡฺᐐ㛭౿࡚Ṅࡲᐞࡖࡒ⤎ᯕ࡛
⩻࠻ࡾ࡬ࡀࡓࢀ࠹࠾ࠊ
࢟ࣛࢨࣔࡡࣆࣞࣞࢪ࣬ࣆࣞࣛࢸ࢔ࢪࠊ
ࢨࢲࣛ࢓ᓞࡡࢩࣔࣤࢼ࣬ࢩ࢘ࢴࣄ࢓ࠊ
ᖳ ᭮㸱ࢺ࣑㸳ࡡࢪࢰ࣭ࢹ
ࢼࢤࣚ࢕࣬ࢺ࣐࣭ࢹ࢙ࣛࣆࡡୠ⏲⋋ᚋࡡࣥ࢔ࢩࣘࣤࠊ
っⅤ㸯࣓ࢪࢠ࣠࠾ࡼୠ⏲ࢅࡱ࡝ࡉࡌࠊこḚࡡ㎵ᅂ࠿ណㆉࡈࡿࡒ࠽ࡐࡼࡂิࡴ࡙ࡡࢢ࣭ࢪ࡚ࡢ࡝࠷ࡓࢀ
࠹࠾ࠊ
ஹᕣⅤ࡛ࡊ࡙ࡡࣞࣤࢡ࣬࢓࣭࣑ࢫ࣭࣬ࣝ࣊ࣜࠊ
9*=9㸯ᒷἴ∟ࠖୠ⏲㡚ᴞࡡᮇࠗ
㸝ᒷἴ᭡ᗉ㸡 ᖳ ᭮㸞࡞࠽ࡄࡾ㸱ୠ⏲㸳ࡡᏽ⩇ࠊ࣭࣠ࣜࢺ࣐࣬ࣖ
࣭ࢩࢴࢠࡡ㸱ୠ⏲㸳ᴣᛍࠊࢩࣔࢫࡡ⾪㇗ࡡࡈࡿ᪁࡞ࡗ࠷࡙㸝ᇮ➱ᢰᙔ㸯ὶ㔕ࢦࢹࣜ㸞
ࠊ
㹐;㹒 ᖳ௧㜾
㸱ࢡ࣭ࣞࣁࣜ࣬ࢩࣔࢫ㸳
ࢤࣞࣤࣄ࢓ኬᏕ࡚ࡡୠ⏲ࢩࣔࢫ࣬ࢩ࣭ࣔࢻࣛࢪࢹఌ㆗
9*=9㸯ࣀ࣭࣠ࢺ࣏࣬ࣤࢸࣜࠊఌ㆗⏕࡞᭡࠾ࡿࡒࢷࢠࢪࢹࠔ/F__LQWKH,ORGFO.PFJLQFWLRQ2XVLH/RXUQFOLVP
FQI(XOWXUHࠕ
ࠊ
<LWKQH\WHHKQRORJ^PFNLQJGRWKJHRJUFSKLHFOO^FQIHKURQRORJLHFOO^ILVWFQWMF__UHFILO^F[FLOFGOHWKH
MF__MRXUQFOLVWWRIF^LVHKFOOHQJHIFVQH[HUGHIRUHWRUHPFLQHXULRXVFQIUHHHSWL[HVHQVLWL[HFQI
FUWLHXOFWHFGRXWFQHQRUPRXVUFQJHRIFUWFQIWRHRQ[H^HRPSUHKHQVLRQWRJORGFOO^ILVSHUVHIUHFIHUVKLS
8LPXOWFQHRXVO^WKHSXGOLHFWLRQHRQILWLRQVHRQIURQWLQJMF__MRXUQFOLVWVLQHOXILQJGURFIHFVWHUV
SKRWRJUFSKHUVFQIQH\PHILFSURIHVVLRQFOVFV\HOOFV\ULWHUVIRUWUFILWLRQFOSULQWSXGOLHFWLRQVFUH
HKFQJLQJVXGVWFQWLFOO^FVWKHILJLWFOUH[ROXWLRQSURHHHIV-R\MF__MRXUQFOLVWVHQJFJH\LWKHKFQJHLV
WKHHQIXULQJWKHPHRIRXUSURIHVVLRQFV\LOOLQH[LWFGO^GHHRPHFSSFUHQWIXULQJWKHSFQHOILVHXVVLRQV
SOFQQHIIRU/F__LQWKH,ORGFO.PFJLQFWLRQ2XVLH/RXUQFOLVPFQI(XOWXUH᩺ࡒ࡝ࢷࢠࢿࣞࢩ࣭࠿㸡
ᆀ⌦Ⓩ࡞ࡵ᫤㛣Ⓩ࡞ࡵ㊝㞫ࡡ㞫ࡿࡒࢩࣔࢫࢅ㸡࠷࡛ࡵࡒࡷࡌࡂ⫀ࡂࡆ࡛࠿࡚ࡀࡾࡻ࠹࡞ࡊࡒࡆ࡛࡚㸡௑
᪝ࡡࢩࣔࢫ࣬ࢩ࣭ࣔࢻࣛࢪࢹࡒࡔࡢ㸡࠾ࡗ࡙࡝࠾ࡖࡒ࡮࡜࡞ይዃᚨ࡞࠵ࡨࡿ㸡ུᐖⓏ࡚࠵ࡽ㸡⦼⣵࡚࠵
ࡽ⤾ࡄ࡝࠿ࡼ㸡ᗀ࠷⠂ᅑࡡⰹ⾙࡞ᑊࡊ࡙㸡ࡱࡒୠ⏲Ⓩ࡞ᣉᩋࡊ࡙ࡊࡱࡖࡒ࣭ࣛࢱ࣭ࢨࢴࣈ࡞ᑊࡌࡾ⌦よ
ࡡࡒࡴ࡞㸡➱ࢅዢ࠹ࡆ࡛࠿ịࡴࡼࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡐࡿ࡛ྜྷ᫤࡞㸡ࢩࣔࢫ࣬ࢩ࣭ࣔࢻࣛࢪࢹࡒࡔؐؐఎ⤣Ⓩ࡝
ὩᏊ፳మࡡ᭡ࡀᡥ࡛ྜྷᵕ࡞㸡ࣇ࣭ࣞࢺ࢞ࣔࢪࢰ࣭ࡷ෕┷ᐓ㸡ࡐࡊ࡙ࢼ࣭࣒ࣖࢸ࢔࢓ࡡᑍ㛓ᐓࡒࡔࢅࡵྱ
ࡳؐؐ࠿├㟻ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾฝ∟⎌ሾࡢ㸡ࢸࢩࢰࣜ㠁࿤࠿㐅⾔ࡌࡾ࡛࡛ࡵ࡞㸡ᮇ㈻Ⓩ࡝ን໩ࢅ㐑ࡅ࡙ࡊࡱࡖࡒࠊ
ࢩࣔࢫ࣬ࢩ࣭ࣔࢻࣛࢪࢹ࠿ࡆࡡን໩࡛࡜ࡡࡻ࠹࡞㛭ࢂࡖ࡙࠷ࡾ࠾࡛࠷࠹㸡⚶ࡒࡔࡡ⫃ᴏ࡞࡛ࡖ࡙ࡡỄ㐪
ࡡࢷ࣭࣏࠿㸡௺⏤ࡈࡿࡒࣂࢾࣜ࣬ࢸ࢔ࢪ࢜ࢴࢨࣘࣤࠔࢡ࣭ࣞࣁࣜ࣬࢕࣏ࢩࢾ࣭ࢨࣘࣤࡡ࡝࠾ࡡࢩࣔࢫ㸯
㡚ᴞ㸡ࢩ࣭ࣔࢻࣛࢫ࣑㸡ࡐࡊ࡙ᩝ໩ࠕࡡ࡝࠾࡚㸡ᚪ↓Ⓩ࡞᪺ࡼ࠾࡛࡝ࡾࡆ࡛ࡓࢀ࠹ࠊ
<KLOHWKH/F__/RXUQFOLVWV&VVRHLFWLRQKFVIXULQJWKHSFVWIR_HQ^HFUVLQVWLWXWHISXGOLHSFQHO
ILVHXVVLRQVFPRQJLWVPHPGHUVFQIXQFIILOLFWHIHROOHFJXHVFWIHVWL[FOVFQIHIXHFWLRQFOLQVWLWXWLRQV
WKURXJKRXWWKH:8FQILQIL[LIXFOVFPRQJXVKF[HSFUWLHLSFWHILQSURIHVVLRQFOJFWKHULQJVFWWKHFQQXFO
.QWHUQFWLRQFO&VVRHLFWLRQIRU/F__*IXHFWLRQHRQIHUHQHHVFV\HOOFVFGURFI\HKF[HQH[HUGHIRUHKFIWKH
RSSRUWXQLW^WRLQ[LWHSHHUVIURP7XVVLF(KLQF/FSFQ8RXWK&IULHF9XUNH^JUHFWHU*XURSH(FQFIFFQI
2H]LHRWR3H\>RUN(LW^WRH]SORUHWKHHXOWXUFOULHKHVRI-FUOHPFQISFUWLHLSFWHLQIRHXVHIWFONFGRXW
LVVXHVWKFWFIIHHWXVFOO9KH//&H]SHHWV/F__LQWKH,ORGFO.PFJLQFWLRQ2XVLH/RXUQFOLVPFQI(XOWXUH
WRGHFKLVWRULHH[HQWLQMF__MRXUQFOLVPFQIKRSHVLW\LOOGHRQHPFMRUVWHSWR\FUIVGHWWHUWUFQVHXOWXUFO
HRPPXQLHFWLRQVFQIHRPSUHKHQVLRQ
ࢩࣔࢫ࣬ࢩ࣭ࣔࢻࣛࢪࢹ༝ఌ㸝௧ୖ //&㸞ࡢ㸡㐛ཡ ᖳ࡮࡜ࡡ㛣࡞㸡༝ఌ࣒ࣤࣁ࣭ࡷ㟸ఌဤࡡྜྷേࡒࡔ
࡛㸡㡚ᴞ⚅ࡷྙ⾏ᅗ୯ࡡᩅ⫩᪃ス࡚ප㛜ࣂࢾࣜ࣬ࢸ࢔ࢪ࢜ࢴࢨࣘࣤࢅ㛜തࡊ㸡⚶ࡒࡔࡡ࠹ࡔࡡరெ࠾ࡢ㸡
ୌᖳ࡞ୌᅂᾇአ࡚ࡵ㛜തࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ㸱ᅗ㝷ࢩࣔࢫᩅ⫩༝ఌఌ㆗㸳ࡡᑍ㛓ᐓࡒࡔࡡ㞗ఌ࡞ࡵཤຊࡊ࡙ࡀࡒ
࠿㸡
㸝௑ᅂࡡࡻ࠹࡞㸞ࣞࢨ࢓㸡୯ᅗ㸡᪝ᮇ㸡༞࢓ࣆࣛ࢜㸡ࢹࣜࢤ㸡࣭ࣙࣞࢴࣂࡡᗀ⠂࡝ᆀᇡ㸡࢜ࢻࢱ㸡ࡐ
ࡊ࡙࣒࢞ࢨࢤࡡ௯㛣ࡒࡔࢅࢼ࣭࣭ࣖࣙࢠᕰ࡞ᣅࡀ㸡ࣀ࣭࣑ࣝࡡᩝ໩Ⓩ࡝㇇࠾ࡈࢅ᥀✪ࡊ㸡⚶ࡒࡔධဤࢅ
㨡஡ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾၡ㢗ࡡ㞗୯ゞ㆗࡞ཤຊࡌࡾᶭఌࢅᚋࡒࡆ࡛࡝࡜࠾ࡗ࡙࡝࠾ࡖࡒࠊ//& ࡢ㸝௑ᅂࡡᅗ㝷ఌ㆗㸞
ࠔࢡ࣭ࣞࣁࣜ࣬࢕࣏ࢩࢾ࣭ࢨࣘࣤࡡ࡝࠾ࡡࢩࣔࢫ㸯㡚ᴞ㸡ࢩ࣭ࣔࢻࣛࢫ࣑㸡ࡐࡊ࡙ᩝ໩ࠕ࠿㸡ࢩࣔࢫ࣬
ࢩ࣭ࣔࢻࣛࢫ࣑࡞࡛ࡖ࡙ṌྍⓏ࡝࢕ࣥ࢘ࣤࢹ࡞࡝ࡾࡆ࡛ࢅ᭿ᙽࡊ㸡ࡈࡼ࡞ࡻࡽࡻࡀᩝ໩㉲ሾⓏ࡝ࢤ࣐ࣖ
ࢼࢢ࣭ࢨࣘࣤࡷ⌦よ࡫ࡡኬࡀ࡝ୌṄ࡛࡝ࡾࡆ࡛ࢅ᭻ࢆ࡚࠷ࡾࠊ
ͤࢡ࣭ࣞࣁࣛࢭ࣭ࢨࣘࣤ࡫ࡡゕཀྵ࠿࡝࠷ࡡࡢ࡜࠹ࡊ࡙࠾㸴
9*=9㸯ᶋ஬ୌỜࠔ௧๑ࡢ྘ᅗ࠾ࡼ࣐࣭ࣖࢩࢨࣔࣤࢅ࿣ࢆ࡚⾔ࢂࡿࡾࢩࣔࢫ⚅࡞ࡢࡻࡂ࢕ࣤࢰ࣭ࢻࢨࣘ
ࢻ࡛ࣜ࠷࠹༟ㄊ࠿ࡗࡄࡿࡼࡿ࡙࠷ࡒࠊ␏㒋໩࠿㐅ࡲ㸡௑ࡷ࣭ࣞ࢜ࣜࡐࡡࡵࡡࡡណ࿝ࡵን㈻ࡊࡗࡗ࠵ࡾࠊ
ዃࡊࡂࡵ௑ᖳࡡ࣊ࣜࣛࣤ࣬ࢩࣔࢫ⚅ࡡࢷ࣭࣏ࡢࠔ␏㒋࡞పࡳ㡚ᴞᐓࠕ࡚࠵ࡖࡒࠊᅗሾࡷᅗ⡘࡞࡛ࡼࢂࡿ
ࡍ㡚ᴞ࣬ⰹ⾙Ὡິࢅ⾔࠹࣐࣭ࣖࢩࢨࣔࣤࡷ࢓࣭ࢷ࢔ࢪࢹࡢኣ࠷ࠊ࠵ࡾណ࿝㸡␏ᩝ໩࠿᥃ࡌࡾ࡛ࡆࢀ࡞ᵕࠍ
࡝๭㏸ࡡⴄⰾ࠿࠵ࡾࠊࡐࡡࡻ࠹࡝ሔ࡚ࡢ㸡ࡵࡢࡷ࢕ࣤࢰ࣭ࢻࢨࣘࢻ࡛ࣜ࠷࠹༟ㄊࡢ᫤௥㐔ࡿ࠾ࡵࡊࡿ࡝
࠷ࠊ࢕ࣤࢰ࣭ࢻࢨࣘࢻࣜࡢᩝᏊ㏳ࡽ࢕ࣤࢰ࣭࣬ࢻࢨࣘࢻ࡚ࣜ㸡ࡐࡆ࡞ࡢᅗᐓ࡛࠷࠹ᴣᛍ࠿࠵ࡾࠊࡊ࠾ࡊ㸡
ᅗᐓࡷᅗሾ࡞ᣂᮨࡈࡿࡍ㸡㡚ᴞᐓࡷⰹ⾙ᐓࡢ๭㏸Ὡິࢅࡊ࡙࠽ࡽ㸡ᅗ⡘ࡢ㐢࠹࠿ྜྷࡋ㒌ᕰ࡞పࡳ࣐࣭ࣖ
ࢩࢨࣔࣤ࡞ࡻࡾࢡ࣭ࣜࣈࡢ࣭ࣙࣞࢴࣂ࡚ࡢኣ࠷ࠊ᪝ᮇ࡚ࡵ⸠஬㒋Ꮔ࢜ࣜࢷࢴࢹࡷኬཪⰃⱝࡡ 43/4 ࡝࡜࠿
ࡐࡡౚ࡛࠷࠻ࡻ࠹ࠊࢹ࣭࣭࣭࢞ࣘ࣬ࣞ࢜ࣜ㸡࣭࡛࣊ࣜࣛࣤ࣬ࣞ࢜ࣜ࠷ࡖࡒᣋࡽࡢ᭯ຝࡓ࠿㸡᪝ᮇெࡡࢩ
ࣔࢫ࡛࠾ࢺ࢕ࢵெࡡࢩࣔࢫ࡛࠷࠹ᅗࡷெ⛸࡞ࡻࡾᣋࡽࡢណ࿝ࢅ኶࠷ࡗࡗ࠵ࡾࡻ࠹࡞ࡈ࠻ᛦ࠹ࡡࡓࠊ⚶⮤
㌗ࡡ୯࡚ࠔࢩࣔࢫ࡞࠽ࡄࡾࢡ࣭ࣞࣁ࡛࣭ࣜࣞ࢜ࣜࠕ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡡฦᯊࡢࡱࡓጙࡱࡖࡒࡣ࠾ࡽ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ
ᅒࡼࡍ࡛ࡵࢤࣞࣤࣄ࢓ኬᏕ୹തࡡࣆ࢘ࢪࢷ࢔ࣥ࢒ࣜࡡࢰ࢕ࢹࣜ࡞࡝ࡖࡒࢡ࣭ࣞࣁࣜ࣬ࢩࣔࢫ࡛ࡢࠊᑛ
࡝ࡂ࡛ࡵࢩࣔࢫࡡࢡ࣭ࣞࣁࣜ㸲࢓࣒ࣛ࢜ࣤ࣬ࢪࢰࣤࢱ࣭ࢺࢅណ࿝ࡌࡾゼ࡚ࡢ࡝࠷ࡓࢀ࠹ࠊࡐࡡၤⵒὩິ
࡞⇍ᚨ࡝ࡡࡢࠉᐺࢀࢗ࢕ࣤࢹ࣏ࣤ࣬ࣜࢦࣛࢪ࠿㡚ᴞ┐╡ࢅຸࡴࡾࢩࣔࢫ࣬࢓ࢴࢹ࣭࣬ࣛࣤ࢜ࣤ࣬ࢬࣤࢰ
࣭࡚ࡢ࡝࠷ࡡ࠾ࠊ
ࠕ
࣏ͤࣤࢸࣜᩝ࡛ࡡ᰷ᮇⓏ࡝┞㐢࡞↌Ⅴࢅ࠵࡙ࡒࢷࢠࢪࢹ࣬ࢠࣛࢷ࢔࣭ࢠࢅ⾔࡝࠹ࠊ
࠘ཤ⩻࠙
ࠔ␏㒋໩ࠕؐؐࢩࣔࣤ"ࣛࣖࢴࢠ࣬ࢻࣤࢨ࣭ࡡᴣᛍࠊ
ࢩࣔࣤ"ࣛࣖࢴࢠ࣬ࢻࣤࢨ࣭ࠖୠ⏲ࡡ๭㏸㸡࠵ࡾ࠷ࡢୠ⏲໩ࠗ
㸝⌟௥௺⏤ᐄ㸡 ᖳ ᭮㸞
㸡
ࠖ࢕࣒࣭ࢩࡡ
ዚᗇ࡚ࠗ
㸝௧ᩝ♣㸡 ᖳ ᭮㸞࡝࡜ࠊ