ῌ
῎ῌ῏῍
! "#$
%&'()* +,-./0123
456*
67789: ;<=2>?@A<BC6$<
2D* E$FGH2IJK9* BCLMNOPQ>R
<7'* ST
<'UVW8XY: M"Z[?\* BCL
]^9/_/"YW89: [\* B2`
abcd<BC6$<* Ee ESL fEnglish as a Second Languageg hi>j'@k>lm* NO<^l>R<7'n
YK9: <* <CK9=<o6@89"
pq2IJK9r* s2>t6* u7* v9W8w*
x
yz!"2^'?\{|K9W2#}<~$<^9\
uwu* }NO<r%&>$KW<^9[s?@"9:
@* {'>()6@s>r#@*6$
8?\
}NO+~$<,-6$6@r* x)<.>
"Y/>@* suo>9W2"8XY: 6u6
^2s* <0?@*6$1$* M-/-
2">[9\uw^* )3)^45<^ 2¡
"289: ¢£)<* <r fg ¤<r¥¦>§7
W2e<d¨©ª«ª«¬>$K"* li®5<
^2%¯6@"9$<hi<7"@"W2e*
16°3)"* K^7±)²¦³"2´8<456
^""r8w99µ:
¶ 1 ¶
!"#!$ %&'()*+,
- ./0 %12345%-675/0%89:
;<8=
ῌ
ΐ῎ῌ῍῏ῐῑῒ
ῌ ῌ ῏῍ῑῐΐ῍῎ῒ῍ῐΐ῍
:>?@A BC D!EF"#!
Gold comerH$ %&'(I% !"#! Gnew comerH$ %&'
(IJKL= M $ %&'(68
N%-6OP GPH QRNNST
GQRH U
8-VT
WXN YZ6[\Y]^
_`a(+bc6 $ %-6- ῍ΐῐ῎ d ῏ e ῎ῒ f
ghigjklm
no%Up6Wqr-st%
-6 $ %UpIuvL wxyz{|}
~$ G81 xy$H p6
+%-6K?]
(68IL= 9U
pI D!EF"
#!$ %U]' ῍ΐῑῌ d- I
!"#!$ %U=
!"#!@ ῍ΐῑῌ d+p6Bp= B
C ῍ΐῑ῎ dp6 u]K
+%-6~
9Up= 86K ῍ΐῑῐ d
?%% iDk "gUIY]g
Fj|Kw- ῍ΐῑῒ dY]]~
+%-6¡
2x(9Up= ¢ ῍ΐῑΐ d£¤¥
¦x- ῍ΐῒ῎ d|n§-%89¨©KL ῍ΐῒῌ d
~
gFj|Kª«- ¬c%
UpL G® ῍ΐΐῐH=
a] ῍ΐῒῌ d¯Y] ῍ΐΐῌ d°±Y26²³E´µ¶
· 2 ·
!"#$%#& '()*+
, -./012345 6789:2,;<=>?@ AB -CDEFGH IJKLM NM4O ;PQRSTU
VV -DEKASSEGUI5 6WX#YZ#[\[;]9^?5 N_
` : O ab:@ cd"#e6fg>^hi
jkWlmn?; *+o34 6pqHr
s234?ltuvwx b:yzI:{|;bn?@ }
~;
b:@
ῌ
9 r9?
G; -rsPyz45 >^
;d ?xk
-yz45 6>^x
;U9?6b:@ p rs2b98)9:S
I:6> r:MW6q 6
W6p } ¡ "#$%#&S*6I:+,
rs2r;¢£¤i=¢>?@ 12¥¦§^
¨¥9?© NO ª NO «x"#2¬®%#&22TG;
f© NO 6
gª NO S¯^°:6 k
"#2 ± %#&2 ±2Tn^¬p }
<=²p;³´µ9^:@
ῌ ῍ ῌ
¶
© ª "#
% # &
· 3 ·
!"#$% &'&( )*+,-./
.0)123456.789:;
<&
$=!% >.( [email protected]$I( JK
.L$.MN&GOP( Q$RSTUVIWX
' XY.Z[G\]^'( _`@.abcIde
fg hij k l iq
./m( abRSnoQ.p&
.$% iqde+rsB)*tu
vwxy hl Xz{|}~G7'#
$6 hw l% Q
@$?@A JBCDg
&H
$6/!( Y( I
.
def( '&=9f(
RSQ.
.%
ῌ ῌ
hBl
xy X
hl
xy X
hl
xy X
hl
xy X
hl
7
¡
¢y£h¤l
¥
¢y£h¤l
¢y£h¤l
¦§¨©ª
¢y£h¤l
¢y£h¤l
«
¢y£h¤l
¬
¢y£h¤l
4
ῌ῍ ῍ῐῒ῎ῌΐ῏ῑ
῍ῐ p. ῍ῐΐ !" #$%&
' ()*+," -./0123%
4 ῎ 5)67 / 489
:;<+
*
= ''%>4 0123 "
?&@ABC,
%'DABE" FG" H
@I
5I5%J" KL5%MN<BOP
"
4')Q,
= '5
H, R )
S9
T# UVWXYZV5[I\P" ]^
_`
4%= '58401Ia9" b
c" dec" fgc@ hijk lm`no%
pq)N<" !/mbc"rstu @%
#$vwx%yz{|}L@5~)9&By,<
J),G
" ῍ῑ ' ῑ ῑ (5 ῍ῌ )
84F%9G $) ῍ῒ 5%῏=
01I" 5*
4%I" 5+= 3,,
5
tFG%J"
%+" ¡WO¢
WV@%= &B£
¡W
¢WV,
5)-,
5¤" ¥" ./
,5)ID¦
= 0 ῍ΐ '
tu %§9G¨©ªV1«%I" ¬
&
¤>D<G" ¤>D
" `o@B5ADAB
!
" '52
FG®55¯35CB
%=
B" °
±,"
²@I
%³9GT#" -5²@I 48JI´µ
¶ 5 ¶
!"#$ %&
'()*+
,-. /ῌῐῐ῎0 1+,23425 6789:;
<=>?@ABCDEF=GHIJHKL?M$
#@ M
NKO1
KP=
QQRS"#QL?MT U
OVWXY@AM$ Z[\]2 =
GHIJH"2 ^_U=`ab3B#
@ cdT]ef= T
3<ghij
/kl ῌῐῐ῍ m ῌ῏῍0$
ῌ
678RSn@o pqrsRS@tQ
BO1cd
u@R&$ O1`
v@jawK xjyz{|="}@~
MT }M}@< jhI
-M]
u"@g$ e
O1@RQBK{| =xjvK{
| }=FK xj`=j
}M=1A
u=3@
g} /4]X0 @<< ="BMQ U}@¡{| UOV
W¢£5@Q<¤B
u@R&#$
3 ¥¦§K¨©aV@ª< O1j
v@¥@NMAK{|
QQ[«\]2 GHJH"
2NM cd@4NM<$ Q [«\]
{|=}eL? ¤Mghz
®A¯]}j°4]BC3$ #
@ JH@±²{| }j«@³BM J
´ 6 ´
! "#$
%&'()*+,%&-
. /0 /12345! 673890:;<=
>? @.<ABCDE7 F2GH5IJ3K$0! 7
LBCD"L: 3=MNOP:0:Q:
R STU V 0WX
:2GH5
: 6Y7<=3
'3Z,+P:[\]^_`a3b
:.c;! de Sῌ-3V WX;! f,gQ7hi
"i7jklmnoH.
pqrstX,O! uv SV @wx?! <=yz
{|}|~! ||
?9<=%
&YE7 E.L S V! ?7
S{ ! } ! ~ ! ||
V .
ῌ ῍
uv @¥
uv @¥
uv @¥
uv @¥
{
}
||
~
£
¦
! f7.yz?9E
.L! z.:7
?
!
3V 7,
:
FR
::2GH5 S
:: ! fE7x?<=?9
¡2GH539H7! ¢£
§ 7 §
7f¤
23456
/0
!"#$ %&' ( )*+,-./01
!' )7891 23456:;<=
#$ >?!' @ABCDEA' *+,FG
>H&I' (6JK?' :
(
#$
(&23L45MN,OPQ#' RS TU'
VBWXB, Y Z' [8, Y Z' \]^_,
Y Z' `a Y
! ' bc >d,e
f ghiMjI#(#$ ?' cVBWXB, c
\]^_,efk6lb Z MjIm!' ((n![
opq&rstu%vswxUMyQz#({
#$
῍῏ῌ ῎
N
|
,
Y6
Z
[
Y6
}~
Z
Y6
Z
LL
Y6
Z
Y6
Z
VBWXB,
[
,
\]^_,
8
,
X,
8L,
W,
,
a
`
8
!"#$%&'()$*+,-./0' 12 34
567 89:;<=&'>?@A Bpull-out classC D0*
5E./0';. FGHI J9KL$/M9
*9NOPQR; ST0U+:$DVL*@
AWX?*Y=$ ST0Z[:.DVL*
2*\*]
^_.[:
`5Eabcd`e
fg hHI . E BiC . E BiC
. E BiC
. E BiC
jk. E
BiC $/ ] l89:mn;.bc?*5E op
C
G.bcd` jq$/Lr st BJL;$u;
vwP:$/x$2:G y#z{# |}~ 1
:nC :n;&TLG*l2
\G:*$/M9] 2 J?*
V:**9l2:T:*] lLTmn;
$/Lr :=l.[:$/M9]
ῌ $2 lLTmn;0[:2*:;
$/M9] /.a0=L
4l.$2 ./' v.
$/' ;9v.$/] T ST~ ¡ ¡
¢£:Tr v$/¤¥
*9¦;?:G2:T:*$/M9]
ῌ῍ ῌ 2J$§L P| ¨©|ª*«¬
LF`®
¯ª J°±²-=³
.:G´L89lP?;$/] ?.0
µ 9 µ
transitional mainstream ! "#$%
&'()$* +,-.
/01234567 minority language 89:;4
5 67<67=>?@A2-@:BCD
EF GHIJ%"(&KLM)NOP(QR$=ST
B!1UVW=XY@Z67[ BICS, Basic Interpersonal
Communicative Skills \!] ^_`a=bc def
=cgY@Z67[ CALP, Cognitive/Academic Language Proficiency =-hi8BjZ!kB klm
nLopBjk. c
\rsBt
- ;4567qi
kBuT v!734567w[
xy[f z{|Y}k] k2~
34567
ucYlxkB.
]
Z!kf
c
!34567 7 B3c ;
4567z{?g34567w[B9kgY
subtractive Baker 2001 Buk.
K
F^67cgK
7B
k @:7B
9!]K
7=b8
Bkg. @ `CBec =
cgYu?g K
7 ¡B¢
FT K
£g"#$%&'()$*= c@¤¥
¦B§!kgB9
.
ῌ῎ ῍ ῌ ῐ῏῎῍
>
34567[=¨>c sk©zª
=c@
. k34567[\=«Z=
cgY ;4567[¬=®cg 345
67[->8-. 89: A2-345
67=
\ A2-¥¯#°$±²±²=³Z 0´34
µ 10 µ
῎
Baker 2001:192 !"#$%&'( )*+,-#.!"
-/ῌ0ῑ123$%456
7389:#.
=>?@A-0ῑBC456
A-
( ;<
D῍#. 3E
FG3ῐ45HI
J53( KῑL
MNO῏LMNPQRST@U῍#. VW!"-0ῑ
XY
῏Z38[\&'3( ?@A-12]^( T_A`J5abcKdefgh`i( KῑMN
j
<kl4( V
( A-m`nAopqr .3sfL
tu v7`i( wxyz{L|}~
( w@
`(
~
.W
ῌ ῌ ῏ῑῐ῎῍
~_|45( -h
# V
( ῎ῌῌ῍ 3-K|45( -( ῎ ,-(
-( ;45- ῏ _5 -
-'45,-5 A
4( ῎ ,--'4
B 45
( ;3( A
¤
7 #.i( B
sf ῍,-¡¢£$
sf¥*,-¡¢£$¤
7
-K pῑ ῎῍ῐ W¦#. T@\T`
- heritage language 3¥*+,-ῒ§A-m`nAop
~£¨
7#.
sfm^ ῍,-3©,- ¥*+,-
<5
ª«b#¬
( K®3; ῍,-#¯^5`&'( .
3!°L3; ῍,-ῌ55( ±A.3²±A
¥*+,-ῒ§#.&'m53( ;¥*+,-3-
³ 11 ³
!"#$ % &'(
)* +# ,-. /
0)123 4Cummins 19925 67 489:;
<=5 >7+
?@$ABC
DEF3GHIJKLMNO$P673#I
Q R 48ST;<=5 +
?@RH
>7+UV> DEWNOX61ῒ5 ?
@73+DEWNO73+ DE73$Y
WOZ+[3\]73 *#I3
0)123^A$_ 7
3 0)7`a1?bQ73
McdHVef,-ef
gA$
_h
1 ijklIRQ73
mCA$R n H#Ao#p#Q1pq
r#> pstnuA+$ [pvwWxy
$z{|M}~$[3C ῎ῌῌ῎ ]
῍῎ῌῌῌ ?S?$#7 ῒ o# ῍ῑ ++ ῍ῐῌῌ
?$ ῏ ? ῍ ?z~[3 z~[3
+ $o#>{$ _o[j io[
j73}~!$R *2 ῏ῑ
j n )*?+B"efQ)A+j
o#z~oz+#$[3 ΐ5 H
# io# )*? < #I ¡%W¢£¤¥
Rc¦§¨W©ªu[j DEW«)mm
j7 pv\] &¬ulVA+
7o7$# ,-ef1A[3 I'®(¯A
+°) ± ²³´1±HI3,-ef
µ 12 µ
!"# $%&'
()" $
%&* + ,-./012345
"# 3#6 ῌ 7
893:;<=# Baker 2001:
238-239> ? @ABCD)9E=,FG F
FHI JG"%3#EK
,9& LM
N6"
9 Canadian Educational Association 1991: Baker
2001:240 )O>
P("QR-1S3QT)UV7W3
P$%&
XYZ[\)6?]^
P_`Z_a)b=NVc)"
P [\ dNefg" hijk
Pl#m)Xn
Popqr
s
P
3XYtu
vajk
Pwxyz{|}Z)~
@AB3#6Q ,?;#=,#"#
N6) )!
9#,`
k
=#
`)bBZ`)b"aB
"5 W@AB3#6B)#"<k"5"
#)$=#396>
ῌ῍ ῒ῎῏῍ῌΐῐῑ
W,"aB)%W3r=d#>
&)` ¡¢
934k=#
', ῍ £ ῎ ¤¥¦
Wk,§¨oX3(> XYB©
)ª«&¬jk,®¯B "4¯n*9V
°)ª?)±)7< ¡+)=¯,²³
°®¯-.´3=µ#77 X/
¸ 13 ¸
i¶)7k=·+)
!"#$%&'()*+,
-./0 $123456789 -%
:; <=>?@9AB C
D EF$ G
!"HI%JKL$M 123456
78%N## 123456.OPQRL
$<N#S-I.O THU78#VB-II"C
78WXU# HI $EF$Y-
L$"
Z[.12\]6I^3_`a]I
#bc
Wd"*B-
Cef #,H.\]UY g.h?
ij!aC"klIl,mn"
olp Gthreshold theoryMq GCummins 1979, Skutnabb-Kangas
1981M V% rstuvw
!"#xyVKL$
"#
zZL${|wdlI/0 Gadditive bilingualismM % }~l !;BUDL$#
zZL${|wdlI/0 Gdominant bilingualismM %
}~"
s"# KL$"
zZ{|w
dlI/0 GsemilingualismM %d
s
VS-I
$#QRL$lIUlU ,H.
$33456-
,$#\], /0I
#$%J ¡l ,.12¢£
%¤!g+,- $8#
\] $<#¥#.¦%<§#c
l
`a]I#bc Cef lpJ
¨
©ª :;«¬tuvt®¯n
L$"
d#W ,.°I" ,.±l.²%°
³ 14 ³
!"#$%&'&()
* +,-./01
234 5678.
!"#$%&
982:;<+=.90>?/)@A B129
?.
/)CDE)F. &5>G&5> H
ῌ 9%&IJKLMN8.OPQR %&
STUVF)
W%&XY.3Z
.5
[ \]^_ `common underlying proficiencyab `Cummins
& Swain 1986a "c.d>e ῌ 9%&=.9),f
ghiBjk%&.lm52 nopqrN@A
sW.kt%&u/) vW!"wx
5
[ G?0yIz{ |G}~.9
..!c
.9
>.9 3.ῌῌῑ ῌ ) BICS `Basic Interpersonal Communicative Skillsa CALP `Cognitive/Academic Language Proficiencya <,3
Z
5 ce mxI|
){x;&=.9.Z
36)
[ G}~& `BICSa =.9. ῍ ῎ I?
?2 hi.Z
& `CALPa =.9. ῏ ῐ I
) `Cummins 1982a fhiG&@A G&
CALP i3.Q0. 6Z
35 B
¡ ¢£¤¥){¦§¨©ª«q.¬®¯.
3/?2G&.9/)°±²{
5 BICS LMNG&=.9)4?+>³ Z³
CALP LMNG&=.9´05 %
µ 15 µ
()*+,
!"
#$%&'
!./0
#12345
!"+6
ῌ-7
/89:;<=>?@AB
CDE-FG.
BICS HI=J=KL=M-NO+PQR
ST
!-RUNVW#-
+ CALP HI=
J=KL=!-MXYZ-N"[6 \]^
_-+T`QG"
ab+8c
PRf
Qg
Phij
k
de
lmnopqR
r-s"R
CALP HI=J=KL=(t2/
u
40vwxyz{J=KL=c
/ |(}
U"R~6
ῌ
O# ῍῎ Oj
&
22
J=KL=
om
IK
n2>12Txy12)
U
῍ "J=KL=2
῏ῒ !u6 GQg
?
O#@
OT 2¡J=KL= ¢ ῍ῌ ῐῐ£
J=K
L=¤¥ ¢ ῍῎ῌ ῐ£
8¤¥ ¢ ῍ῑ ῒ£
2¡8 ¢ ῒ
῎£¦ -0
]hJ=KL=
R§¨h©6
*Q1
@ª+O#?
OT 2¡J=KL= ¢
ῒ ῎ῐ£
J=KL=¤¥ ¢ ῎ΐ£
{b# ¢ ΐ ῎ΐ£
8¤¥ ¢ ῐῐ ῍῎£
2¡8 ¢ ῏ῐ £¦ 8~Rd
!6
@ª+/4 «./S¥¬®¯°±!
8
- Gb²³ ¢ ῍ῌΐ ῏῍£
a
¶ 16 ¶
¢ ῍῎ ῏ΐ£
´µª²!
$
%$&'(
!"#
)*
+ ,-$./01$#,23 45 + 6 78 6 9 7
:;4 <
+ 6 78 6 9 7 :;4 =>$#
?@ABCD<)*
CEF G@HIJ)#KL 45 AMN
OP QRFS) 4TUVW?
XYFS Z8F[\[]F^) _`UVW?
$XYFS abcdeCFS)* +fghi$jk(
lmnop$MNqrdstS) 45uvw8
$XYnx!KLF<
lm(yzecdCFS) {7| <
AMN OP QRFS) 4TUVW?X
YFS) _`UVW?$XYFS abcd
eCFS)* +fghi$jk(lmnop$MNqrds
tS) }~ih[h$XYnx!KLF
<
lm(yzecdCFS) {7| <
8$#@ A
T
#KLdHI)* + G@HIJ)
c c c {
7| Ucd)Cd
)*
$HIJ)D#KLd? ?cd)
+^ 45$,-$v
$Ld ¡ CALP
$#KLd¢£>¤8
¥ 17 ¥
!
" #$# #%&'()
*#+,-./
0 12$/
345
67#899")34
: ;<="/34 >?@A?)BC 7DE4DFG/HI4ῒJ :K =
#
LMN?OP7Q.KLMN?R STUNVWXY
ZM[ \Colegio PitagorasJ] ^ _^ `a^Gb/
῍ῌ Hcd CefgLMN?h
Dij/Di7Q.4)PkK Di7/3d
l/34>?@A?/Q. /
/3d
m/347nkKopq74 956
!"$) rs#
!"$):#/3d $
%&t \uvwxA?J 7pgy#<bz{/34E4 K|#
89b4}#''
0 ~k()*+o
"KC ,<u[- (. ῑ /
0E
CK )49῍ῌJ
89
;|./
0 }#<1)"
4 ^/
Di< 2345
^56$4h7&'
7d SxYW!N@ \h7&!N@J]
h)K ¡8E489῍῍J :K L
MN?R¢ftm£¤/
¥)9¦§¨ b/
TUNVWXYZM[7BCLMN?R ῏ ©?ªR
) ῍ 34 9¦§84:)«# ¬;D
uvwxA?/<7DE4 S®¯wª°±DF] ²e4'
DF7}/ ῎ῌῌ῎ ῐ $H³#4 \®¯wª°±
>
?@A?/ S®¯w´] µ=J S}¶"DF7>%
# ῏ /·.4 ?¸¹H" £¤DFh
º 18 º
῏ ῍῎ !"#$%&'()* ῍῍
+,
-./01234567'(89:* ῍῍ +;
,<=)*>?@ ΐῑ AB ῏ῌ 7CD:* EF@G
H
IJBKLC>7
!"7H*
JI:*MN8OP*7 EQ7RSJ:*,
:* E2T3UTV07
IJ7WIXI
I YOP EZ[@ O%,V2T3UTV0Y
\] R$^$_`Xa YS
b,cd*ef
g! SJIA῍῏ O%, ῎ῌῌ῏ ῒ +$%@ EQhijk"#7
$)IJIAlmX 2T3UTVn,%Po] 6p
῏ qr$% ῐ qrs&*tAD῍ῐ
u$,
-.@v/'(wx)*yI7+Fz,J@{
I |},P|-S@$)ID~A )$) /'(
whn@|WFz,J)X.%P&
O
@
I /@
-.0
.12J3)
X /n4
5)DAT
῎ῌῌ῏ ῒ +,67O T8tA,
:XH* )$
) -.7/
9:;Y)
* E/J<?= ,>) @ E
),= ? ¡@? 7D n¢e£
I¤ &$¥
¦AB]X§ ¨9>cH JCD$% PB
]
$:*῍ῑ $%E%$
tA, /h*Bs
n vPn@
©ªVn ,>S@«@ ¨¬@
T,;@)XI
I F@«7G%P
P®H¯
WH,ID~A) v$%I?)X°uJ°±K
$)
D~A )$) n@_sL²D tA
n#dXMVNA5w,n:XI:*h*B@ _ J³´,
G°D vAI:*° E²µ J¶
· 19 ·
ῌ
ῌ῏῎῍
!"#$%&'(
)
*+,-.%/ 01( 23 4 5
6789:;<=7> ?@A BC BD
EDF?GHI$J/ 1K*L
MN,%OC?P/QR
- J4C ST
U<VWVWXY?Z
[,$J/
\ ]^
4C_`?ab c^]^defgh?ij
*k( cClF&/mJ/ n,%
4 2Moplqopr s
]^( qtC
?u, qtvw?xy,Qz{|, n'
qt?}*
o?~/ K4LM
'.%
I4STU<VWVWY/
% C&?*?} o ?,
%/ 2,%(Jk
o?/
,%&/
r ¡ + ¢ r £ M
¤¥¦ ?§+
http://www.stat.go.jp/data/nenkan/02.htm
¨© + ª + 01«$
LM¬z/% ?§+
http://www.moj.go.jp/PRESS/030530-1/030530-1-3.html
+ ª 01®M¤¥¦^
M ¯
LM ° M ¥¦ ¯LM¥¦ ° ¥¦ R
M¤ ± ² ¥¦^
± ²(LM
³ 20 ³
http://www.town.oizumi.gunma.jp/news/news.html
ῐ !" ῍ῐ #$% &' ()*+,-./012/034
῎ῌῌ῏/ ῌ῎/ ῎ῒ 5678 9:;<"=
http://www.mext.go.jp/b>menu/houdou/15/02/030220.htm
ῑ ?@
ῒ ?@
ΐ ABC4 DEFGHIGJKLMNO4 PQMRDSTUV
WXY9ZBM[C4 \]^;_M`abcdN
DSTUefghijk;lL4 m)nTeG[
opqdij r
kstuO;ZBv;sw=
xyz{| ῎ῌῌ῎ # ῏ } ῍῍ =
ABC~4 P/
http://www.
k-i-a.or.jp/classroom/% :/
TgGLMN=
῍ῌ http://plaza.rakuten.co.jp/cyucyueiru/003005
῍῍ fG f% ` School Attendance Support
Project for Non-Japanese Children To Offer Aid PMN
=
http://www.avis.ne.jp/ῌanpie/santa/
῍῎ xyz{| ῎ῌῌ῎ # ῏ } ῍῍ =
῍῏ xz{ eg | ῎ῌῌ῎ # ῍῍ } ῎῍ =
http: / / www. sbs-np. co. jp / shimbun / newshama / hama >
2002112105.html
῍ῐ x5`Q HTML | ῎ῌῌ῏ # ῌῒ } ῎ῌ =
http://www.city.hamamatsu.shizuoka.jp/admin/db/kouhou/
20030620/tokusyu.htm
῍ῑ xyz{ ¡¢£R| ῎ῌῌ῏ # ῑ } ῍ῒ =
¤ 21 ¤
῎ῌῌῌ ῌῌ
!"# ῍ῐ῍ῐ $ % Baker, Colin. 2001. Foundations of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism (Third Edition). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. &' ῍ ()
*+,#- ./0 1,234 ῍ῒῒῑ 5678'
9: $ % ;<=#>
-------- & Jones, Sylvia Prys. 1998. Encyclopedia of Bilingualism and
Bilingual Education. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
?@ABCDE ῎ῌῌ῏ FGH*G67ῌῌIJ'
8KLEMNO*PQRS6TUV*WXYZ $ % [
\]^_(
Canadian Education Association. 1991. Heritage Language Programs
in Canadian School Boards. Toronto: Canadian Education Association.
Cummins, Jim. 1979. “Linguistic Interdependence and the Educational Development of Bilingual Children.” Review of Educational
Research. 49: 222-251. Reprinted in Baker, C. & Hornberger, N. H.
(Eds.) 2001. An Introductory Reader to the Writings of Jim Cummins.
Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
--------. 1980. “The Cross-Lingual Dimensions of Language Proficiency: Implications for Bilingual Education and the Optimal Age
Issue.” TESOL QUARTERLY. 14/2: 175-187.
--------. 1982. “Tests, Achievement, and Bilingual Students.” FOCUS.
February 1982, Number 9, pp. 1-7. Reprinted in Baker, C. &
Hornberger, N. H. (Eds.) 2001. An Introductory Reader to the Writings of Jim Cummins. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
--------. 1992. “Heritage Language Teaching in Canadian Schools.”
Journal of Curriculum Studies. 24(3): 281-286. Reprinted in Garcia,
` 22 `
O. & Baker, C. 1995, Policy and Practice in Bilingual Education:
Extending the Foundations. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
-------- & Swain, Merrill. 1986, Bilingualism in Education. London:
Longman.
῍῍ ῍ῑ !"#$%&'( )*+, ῎ῌῌ῎ -./012ῌῌῌ34 567 ῎ῌῌ῎ ῒ 8 ῍῏
Garcia, Ofelia & Baker, Colin (Eds.). 1995. Policy and Practice in
Bilingual Education: A Reader Extending the Foundations. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
9:;< ῍ -=3>?3@AB@#CDEFGHI
JK@'(LMCDNBJOP4 Q ΐ RS@TUVWXY=
2Z[\0123J]^_Y?_`[\ ab ῍῍ ΐ 8 ῎ῐ
cJde
fg67h ῍ΐ iY]Jjklῌῌ#mLHnD
opqrs t* fg67h
uvw ῍ῐ #x xyz{|}
~< ῍ῐ <J%&
h
-------- ῍ῌ %&JkJ< X_`Jd ῒ
r{}
-------- ῍ -%&#b4 W&J
'( J'( Q ῍῍
pp. ῍῎ΐ-
῍ῐΐ
quvw ῍ῒ klῌῌ h
}J¡¢#£"kl ¤¥¦
§¨< ῎ῌῌ῍ ]^_Y?3'(J©ª «¬®{ ¯
3°
\ 23 \
῍ΐ ῌῌ ! ῎ῌῌ῎ "#$%&'( )*+,-.ῌῌ "(
/01234567 89:;<=
>? ῍ῑ "@ABCῌῌ>DEFG@AHI1JKLM( N
OPQRST EFGUVW45XYZῌῌJKLM[\1
]C45 ^_` pp. 65-82
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove. 1981. Bilingualism or Not: The Education of
Minorities. Clevedon; Multilingual Matters.
Ra ῍ῐ b6EFG c= ῌῌde fg hic
῏ῒῌ hi
jkl ῍ΐ "mn%&o%pq167( rst Fu)* hivw x* y ῍῍ z hi
pp 198-202
{
|}P~ ῎ῌῌ῎ 8ῌῌo'
&'n
'67x4 { ῍ῐ <6
'G
U1HI 1 ¡7* ῎ῌῌῌ 67¢£¤¥¦' § 24 §
© Copyright 2024 Paperzz
