ࢸ࢔ࢩࢰࣜ㏳ಘ᪁ᘟ
ࢸ࢔ࢩࢰࣜ᝗ሒ࣬࣬࣬ࢸ࣭ࢰࡷオྒ࣬ᩝᏊ
ASCII ࢤ࣭ࢺ (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)
ౚ:
Ѹ㸳7bit ࡚ 128 ᩝᏊࢅ⾪⌟
EBCDIC ࢤ࣭ࢺ (Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code)
Ѹ㸳8bit ࡚ 256 ᩝᏊࢅ⾪⌟
JIS ࢤ࣭ࢺ (Japan Industrial Standard:᪝ᮇᕝᴏぞ᰹)
PCM ࡞ࡻࡾࢸ࢔ࢩࢰࣜ໩ࡊࡒ᝗ሒ
ࣆ࢒ࢠࢨ࣐ࣛ࡞࠽ࡄࡾࣚࣤࣝࣤࢡࢪ➚ྒ
Ѹ㸳㏻⤾ࡌࡾ 0 ࡱࡒࡢ 1 ࡞ᑊࡊࡐࡡ㏻⤾ࡌࡾ㛏ࡈࢅ➚ྒ໩ࡊ࡙ࢸ࣭ࢰࢅᅸ⦨ࡌࡾᢇ⾙ࠊ
ࢸ࢔ࢩࢰࣜ᝗ሒࡡ㏳ಘ᪁ᘟࡢࠉ
1. ᇱᗇᖈᇡ㏳ಘ᪁ᘟ㸝࣭࣊ࢪࣁࣤࢺ᪁ᘟ㸞㸯1, 0 ࡡ㸧㐅ࢸ࢔ࢩࢰࣜ᝗ሒࢅ༟࡞ࣂࣜࢪಘྒ࡞ንᥦ
ࡊ࡙ఎ㏞ࡌࡾ᪁ᘟࠊ
2. ࢸ࢔ࢩࢰࣜንㄢ᪁ᘟ㸯FM, PM ࡝࡜ࡡ࢓ࢻࣞࢡንㄢ᪁ᘟࢅ⏕࠷࡙ࢸ࢔ࢩࢰࣜಘྒࢅንㄢࡊࠉ
ఎ㏞ࡌࡾࡵࡡࠊᦑ㏞ἴࢅ㐲ว࡞㐽ࡩࡆ࡛࡞ࡻࡽ࿔ἴᩐኣ㔔࠿ྊ⬗࡛࡝ࡾࠊ
࡞ኬืࡈࡿࡾࠊ
࣭࣊ࢪࣁࣤࢺ᪁ᘟ
ఎ㏞㊪➚ྒ࣭࣬࣬࣬࣊ࢪࣁࣤࢺ᪁ᘟ࡞࠽࠷࡙⏕࠷ࡼࡿࡾఎ㏞㊪୕࡚ࡡࣂࣜࢪಘྒࠊୌ⯙࡞ࠉఎ
㏞㊪➚ྒ࡛ࡊ࡙ᚪさ࡛ࡈࡿࡾ᮪௲ࡢ௧ୖࡡࡻ࠹࡞࡝ࡾࠊ
㸝㸦㸞├Ὦᠺฦ(ᖲ⾦ᛮ㸞ࡷ఩࿔ἴᠺฦ࠿ᑛ࡝࠷ࠊ
㸝㸧㸞➚ྒ⮤మ࡞࿔᭿ಘྒ㸝ࣄࢴࢹྜྷ᭿ಘྒ㸞ࢅྱࡱࡎࡾࠊ
㸝㸨㸞࿔ἴᩐᖈᇡᖕ࠿ᑚࡈ࠷ࠊ
ౚ㸯
ձ ࣗࢼ࣭࣎ࣚ➚ྒ࣬࣬࣬Return-Zero (RZ)࡛ Non-Return-Zero (NRZ)࡞ฦࡄࡼࡿࡾࠊ
Ѹ㸳ᖲ⾦ᛮ࡛ࣄࢴࢹྜྷ᭿ࡡၡ㢗࠵ࡽࠊ
ղ ࢱ࢕࣭࣎ࣚ➚ྒ࣬࣬࣬1, 0 ࢅḿㇿࡡࣂࣜࢪ࡞ᑊᚺࠊRZ ࡛ NRZ ࡞ฦࡄࡼࡿࡾࠊRZ
࡚ࡢࣄࢴࢹྜྷ᭿࠿࡛ࡿࡾ࠿ࠉᖲ⾦ᛮࡡၡ㢗ࡢṟࡾࠊࡱࡒࠉ㢎⦶࡝ᴗᛮࡡን໩࡞ࡻࡽ
ᗀ࠷࿔ἴᩐᖈᇡࢅᚪさ࡛ࡌࡾࠊ
ճ ࣁ࢕࣭࣎ࣚ➚ྒ㸝AMI ➚ྒ㸞
࣬࣬࣬"1, 0"ࡡ᝗ሒࡡୌ᪁㸝㏳ᖏ"0"㸞࡞ᑊࡊ࡙ࢭࣞࣝ࣊
ࣜࠉ௙᪁("1")࡞ᑊࡊ࡙ḿ࡛ㇿࡡᴗᛮࢅஹப࡞ᑊᚺࡈࡎࡾࠊḿㇿࡡᏰධ࡝ᖲ⾦ᛮ࠿ᚋ
ࡼࡿࡾࠊ
մ ᕣฦ➚ྒ(NRZI ➚ྒ㸞
࣬࣬࣬ࣁ࢕࣭࣎ࣚ➚ྒࡡ NRZ ᙟᘟࠊ㏳ᖏ"1"࡞ᑊࡊ࡙ࡢᴗᛮࡡ
ን໩ࢅࡈࡎࡍࠉ"0"ࡇ࡛࡞ᴗᛮࢅḿЍㇿ࠵ࡾ࠷ࡢㇿЍḿ࡞ንᥦࠊࣁ࢕࣭࣎ࣚ࡞Ẓ࡬ᡜ
⏕࿔ἴᩐᖈᇡࢅᅸ⦨࡚ࡀࡾࠊ
յ ࢱ࢕ࢤ࣭ࢺ➚ྒ࣬࣬࣬ࢱ࢕࣭࣎ࣚ➚ྒ࡞࠽࠷࡙"1"࠵ࡾ࠷ࡢ"0"࠿㏻⤾ࡌࡾሔྙࠉ஦ࡗ
ࡴ௧㜾ࢅ 0 ࣝ࣊ࣜ࡞⥌ᣚࡌࡾࡵࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠉ➚ྒࡡᖲ⾦ᛮ࡛ᖈᇡࡡ⦨ᑚࢅᚋࡾࠊ
ն ࢸ࢛ࣖࣁ࢕ࢻࣛ➚ྒࡢࠉ"1"࡞ᑊࡊ࡙ࡢࢭࣞࣝ࣊ࣜࠉ"0"࡞ᑊࡊ࡙ࡢḿࡱࡒࡢㇿࡡᴗᛮ
ࣂࣜࢪࢅ⏍ࡋࡾࠊࡆࡡ࡛ࡀ"0"࡞ࡢࡈࡱࡿࡒ"1"ࡡᩐ࠿ഃᩐ࡝ࡼࡣḗࡡ"0"࡞ᑊࡊ࡙ྜྷ
ࡋᴗᛮࠉዃᩐ࡝ࡼࡣᴗᛮࢅཬ㌹ࡈࡎࡒࣂࣜࢪࢅฝࡌࡵࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊᖲ⾦ᛮ࡛࡛ࡵ࡞ࠉ
≻ᖈᇡᛮࢅࡵࡗࡆ࡛࡞࡝ࡾࠊ
շ ࣏ࣤࢲ࢘ࢪࢰ࣭➚ྒ࡚ࡢࠉ"0"࠿ḿ࠾ࡼㇿ࡫ࠉ"1"࠿ㇿ࠾ࡼḿ࡫ࡡᴗᛮࡡን໩࡞ᑊᚺࡊ
࡙࠷ࡾࠊᖲ⾦ᛮ࡛ࣄࢴࢹྜྷ᭿ࢅᐁ⌟ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ࠿ࠉ࿔ἴᩐᖈᇡᛮ࠿ኬࡀ࠷ࠊ
ո ᕣฦ࣏ࣤࢲ࢘ࢪࢰ࣭➚ྒ࡚ࡢࠉ"0"࠿ࣄࢴࢹ㛜ጙⅤ࡛୯ኳ࡚ࡡᴗᛮࡡን໩࡞ᑊᚺࡊࠉ
"1"࠿ࣄࢴࢹ୯ኳࡡࡲ࡚ࡡᴗᛮࡡን໩࡞ᑊᚺࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊᖲ⾦ᛮ࡛ࣄࢴࢹྜྷ᭿ࢅᐁ⌟ࡊ
࡙࠷ࡾ࠿ࠉ࿔ἴᩐᖈᇡᛮ࠿ኬࡀ࠷ࠊ
չ ࣐࣭ࣚ➚ྒ࡚ࡢࠉ"1"࡞ᑊࡊ࡙ࡢࣄࢴࢹ୯ኳ࡚ᴗᛮࡡን໩ࢅ⾔࠹࠿ࠉ"0"࡞ᑊࡊ࡙ࡢ㏻
⤾ࡌࡾሔྙࡡࡲࡡࣄࢴࢹሾ⏲࡚ᴗᛮࡡን໩ࢅ୙࠻ࡾࡵࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ
௥⾪Ⓩ࡝ఎ㏞㊪➚ྒࡡౚ
1
0
!
!
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
ࣗࢼ࣭࣎ࣚ(NRZ)
!
ࣗࢼ࣭࣎ࣚ(RZ)
ࢱ࢕࣭࣎ࣚ(NRZ)
ࢱ࢕࣭࣎ࣚ(RZ)
NRZI
ࣁ࢕࣭࣎ࣚ(AMI)
ࢱ࢕ࢤ࣭ࢺ
ࢸ࢛ࣖࣁ࢕ࢻࣛ
࣏ࣤࢲ࢘ࢪࢰ➚ྒ
ᕣฦ࣏ࣤࢲ࢘ࢪࢰ
࣐࣭ࣚ➚ྒ
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
1
0
ࢸ࢔ࢩࢰࣜንㄢ᪁ᘟ
ࡱࡍࠉAM ንㄢࢅ⏕࠷ࡒᙟᘟࡢ ASK(Amplitude Shift Keying)᪁ᘟ࡛࿣ࡣࡿࡾࠊ᝗ሒオྒ "1",
"0" ࡞ᑊࡊ࡙ᣲᖕ࣭࢞ࢅ 2 ࡗᏽࡴࠉ୙࠻ࡼࡿࡒᦑ㏞ἴ࡞ᑊࡊ࡙ንㄢࢅ࠾ࡄࡾࠊ≁࡞ࠉ"0" ࡞ᑊࡊ
࡙ᣲᖕࢭࣞࣝ࣊ࣜࢅᑊᚺࡈࡎࡒሔྙࠉON ࡛ OFF ࡡንㄢ࡛࡝ࡾࡒࡴࠉOOK(ON-OFF Keying)
࡛ࡵࡻࡣࡿࡾࠊᦑ㏞ἴ Asin2ȧfct ࡞ᑊࡊ࡙ ASK ንㄢἴᙟࡢ௧ୖࡡࡻ࠹࡞࡝ࡾࠊ
# Asin2"f c t "1"
S ASK (t) = $
0
"0"
%
ḗ࡞ࠉFM ንㄢࢅ⏕࠷ࡒᙟᘟࡢ FSK(Frequency Shift Keying)࡛ࡻࡣࡿࡾࠊ"1", "0" ࡞ᑊࡊ࡙ࠉ
!
ᦑ㏞ἴ࿔ἴᩐ fc ࢅࡢࡈࢆ࡚ᑊ㇗࡝஦ࡗࡡ࿔ἴᩐ࣭࢞f1, f2 ࢅ๪ࡽᙔ࡙ࠉንㄢࢅ࠾ࡄࡾࠊࡌ࡝ࢂࡔ
ḗᘟ࡛࡝ࡾࠊ
# Asin2"f 1 t "1"
S FSK (t) = $
% Asin2"f 2 t "0"
ࡒࡓࡊࠉf1 = fc +Ǽ, f2 = fc -Ǽࠊ
!
FSK ࡢᣲᖕࢅୌᏽ࡞⥌ᣚ࡚ࡀࡾࡒࡴࠉᡜ⏕࿔ἴᩐᖈᇡࢅ఩ࡂᢒ࠻ࡾࡆ࡛࠿࡚ࡀࡾࠊ
ḗ࡞ࠉྜྷࡋみᗐንㄢ⣌࡚࠵ࡾ PM ንㄢࢅ⏕࠷ࡒᙟᘟࡢ PSK(Phase Shift Keying)࡛ࡻࡣࡿࠉ"0",
"1" ࡞ᑊࡊ࡙న┞ 0 ࡛ȧࢅ๪ࡽᙔ࡙ࠉንㄢࢅ⾔࠹ࠊ
# Asin(2"f c t + " ) "1"
S PSK (t) = $
"0"
% Asin2"f c t
న┞ᠺฦࡢఎ㏞㊪ࡡ㞟㡚࡞ᑊࡊ࡙㡱ᙁ࡚࠵ࡾࡒࡴࠉࡻࡽኣࡂࡡన┞ࢅ⏕࠷ࡒኣೋࣝ࣊ࣜఎ㏞࠿
!
ྊ⬗࡛࡝ࡾࠊථງ᝗ሒ㸧ࣄࢴࢹࡡ⤄ࡲྙࢂࡎ "00", "10", "11", "01" ࡞ᑊࡊ࡙ࠉࡐࡿࡑࡿȧ/2 㞫
ࡿࡒᄿࡗࡡన┞ȧ/4, 3ȧ/4, 5ȧ/4, 7ȧ/4 ࢅ๪ࡽᙔ࡙ࡾ᪁ᘟࡢࠉ4 ┞ PSK(QPSK; Quardri PSK
࡛ࡻࡣࡿࠉࢸ࢔ࢩࢰࣜ㏳ಘ࡞ࡻࡂ⏕࠷ࡼࡿࡾࠊࡆࡿ࡞ᑊࡊ࡙ 2 ┞ࡡ PSK ࢅ BPSK(Binary PSK)
࡛ࡻࢆ࡚༇ืࡌࡾሔྙ࠿࠵ࡾࠊ
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
(a) ASK
(b) FSK
(c) PSK
ࢸ࢔ࢩࢰࣜንㄢࡡౚ
"10"
"1"
" 0"
0
"A
!
!
" 00"
!
A
"A
!0
A
!
!
!
"11"
!
!
!
(a) BPSK
!
!
(b) QPSK
PSK ࡡಘྒ✭㛣㒼⨠
"01"
᫤ฦ๪ኣ㔔
ఎ㏞㊪ࡡ࿔ἴᩐ㍂୕ࢅ㐲᏿ฦ๪ࡊ࡙ࢲࣔࢾࣜࢅᵋᠺࡊࠉୌࡗࡡఎ㏞㊪࡞々ᩐࡡಘྒࢅኣ㔔໩
ࡌࡾ࿔ἴᩐฦ๪ኣ㔔᪁ᘟ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙᪜࡞㏑࡬ࡒࠊఎ㏞㊪ࢅ᫤㛣Ⓩ࡞ฦ๪ࡊࠉ྘᫤㛣ࡇ࡛࡞ಘྒࢅ
ྜྷ᭿ࡊ࡙ఎ㏞ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡞ࡻࡽࠉ␏࡝ࡖࡒኣᩐࡡಘྒࢅ୩⾔ࡊ࡙ఎ㏞ࡌࡾ᪁ᘟࢅ᫤ฦ๪ኣ㔔
(TDM; Time Division Multiplexing)࡛ࡻࡩࠊఎ㏞㊪ࡢᏽࡴࡼࡿࡒ᫤㛣㛣㝰࡚ฦ๪ࡈࡿࠉ྘᫤㛣
ᖕ࠿ࢲࣔࢾ࡛ࣜࡊ࡙ࠉ␏࡝ࡖࡒಘྒ࡞๪ࡽᙔ࡙ࡼࡿࡾࠊಘྒ࠿ࢸ࢔ࢩࢰࣜಘྒࡡࡻ࠹࡞᫤㛣Ⓩ
࡞㞫ᩋ໩ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾሔྙࠉTDM ᪁ᘟ࡞ࡻࡂ㐲ྙࡌࡾࠊ
ࣄࢴࢹ
ch.1
ࣄࢴࢹ
ch.2
ch.3
ࣆ࣭࣑ࣝ
(a) ࣄࢴࢹኣ㔔
࢛ࢠࢷࢴࢹ(8 ࣄࢴࢹ)
ch.1
࢛ࢠࢷࢴࢹ
ch.2
ch.3
ࣆ࣭࣑ࣝ
(b) ࢛ࢠࢷࢴࢹኣ㔔
ࣆ࣭࣑ࣝ
ch.1
ࣆ࣭࣑ࣝ
ch.2
ch.3
㧏ḗࣆ࣭࣑ࣝ
(c) ࣆ࣭࣑ࣝኣ㔔
ฦ๪ࡈࡿ࡙๪ࡽᙔ࡙ࡼࡿࡒ᫤㛣༟నࢅࢪࣞࢴࢹ(slot)࡛ࡻࡩࠊࢪࣞࢴࢹࡡ๪ࡽᙔ࡙ࡢ࿔᭿Ⓩ࡞⾔
ࢂࡿࠉ྘ࢲࣔࢾࣜࡢୌᏽ㛣㝰ࡇ࡛࡞ᚪࡍ㸦ࢪࣞࢴࢹࢅ୙࠻ࡼࡿࡾࠊࡆࡡ๪ࡽᙔ࡙࿔᭿ࢅࣆ࣭ࣝ
࣑(frame)࡛ࡻࡩࠊ㸦ࢪࣞࢴࢹ࡞㸦ࣄࢴࢹࠉ㸦࢛ࢠࢷࢴࢹࠉࡱࡒࡢ㸦ࣆ࣭࣑ࣝ࠿๪ࡽᙔ࡙ࡼࡿࡾ
࡛ࡀࠉࡐࡿࡑࡿࢅ(a)ࣄࢴࢹኣ㔔ࠉ(b)࢛ࢠࢷࢴࢹኣ㔔ࠉ(c)ࣆ࣭࣑ࣝኣ㔔࡛ࡻࡩࠊ

機船第七十五 XXX 売買契約紛議仲裁判断書 主文