プレゼンテーション資料(日英)

※本資料は上段(英語)がオリジナル、下段は参照用の日本語版です。
Public Private Partnerships in South East Asia and India
Phillip Georgiou, Jones Day Singapore Office
Bill Napier, Jones Day Sydney Office
Stephen O'Neal,
O'Neal Jones Day San Francisco Office
Maria Pedersen, Jones Day Hong Kong Office
September 27, 2013
ᮾ༡࢔ࢪ࢔ཬࡧ࢖ࣥࢻ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᐁẸࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ㸦PPP㸧
䝣䜱䝸䝑䝥䞉䝆䝵䝹䝆䝳䠈䝆䝵䞊䞁䝈䞉䝕䜲 䝅䞁䜺䝫䞊䝹䜸䝣䜱䝇
䝡䝹䞉䝛䜲䝢䜰䠈䝆䝵䞊䞁䝈䞉䝕䜲 䝅䝗䝙䞊䜸䝣䜱䝇
䝇䝔䜱 䝤 䜸䝙 䝹 䝆
䝇䝔䜱䞊䝤䞉䜸䝙䞊䝹䠈䝆䝵䞊䞁䝈䞉䝕䜲
䞁䝈 䝕䜲 䝃䞁䝣䝷䞁䝅䝇䝁䜸䝣䜱䝇
䝬䝸䜰䞉䝢䝎䞊䝉䞁䠈䝆䝵䞊䞁䝈䞉䝕䜲 㤶 䜸䝣䜱䝇
2013ᖺ9᭶27᪥
Part 1 – Section 1:
The Basics of PPP Projects
Bill Napier,
p , Jones Dayy Sydney
y
y Office
3
➨1⦅ – ➨1㒊㸸
ᐁẸࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢᇶᮏ
䝡䝹䞉䝛䜲䝢䜰䠈䝆䝵䞊䞁䝈䞉䝕䜲 䝅䝗䝙䞊䜸䝣䜱䝇
4
Introduction
5
ᗎㄽ
6
Introduction and Background
g
to PPPs
• A Public Private Partnership (PPP) is a contractual
g
between a g
government and the p
private
arrangement
sector for the delivery of public infrastructure
g
often also include the provision
p
of
• Arrangements
services in relation to that infrastructure (for example,
maintenance and cleaning services)
• Public infrastructure is ‘social’ or ‘economic’
– social infrastructure is, broadly, health, education,
public sector accommodation, defence and some
transport
– economic
i iinfrastructure
f t t
is,
i b
broadly,
dl user-pays facilities
f iliti
such as toll roads
7
PPPᗎㄽཬࡧPPPࡢ⫼ᬒ஦᝟
• ᐁẸࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ㸦PPP㸧࡜ࡣබⓗ࢖ࣥࣇࣛࡢ⣡ධ
࡟㛵ࡍࡿᨻᗓ࡜Ẹ㛫㒊㛛࡜ࡢ㛫ࡢ༠ᐃ࡛࠶ࡿ
• ༠ᐃ࡟ࡣᙜヱ࢖ࣥࣇࣛ࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿࢧ
ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ㸦౛㸸࣓ࣥࢸ
ࢼࣥࢫ㸪Ύᤲ㸧ࡢ
ࡢᥦ౪ࡀ┒ࡾ㎸ࡲࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞࠸
• බⓗ࢖ࣥࣇࣛࡣࠕබඹⓗࠖཪࡣࠕ⤒῭ⓗ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ
– බඹ࢖ࣥࣇࣛࡣᗈ⩏࡟ࡣ೺ᗣ
බඹ࢖ࣥࣇࣛࡣᗈ⩏࡟ࡣ೺ᗣ㸪ᩍ⫱㸪බႠఫᏯ㸪㜵⾨ཬࡧ
ᩍ⫱ බႠఫᏯ 㜵⾨ཬࡧ
୍㒊ࡢ㐠㍺ࢆྵࡴ
– ⤒῭࢖ࣥࣇࣛࡣᗈ⩏࡟ࡣ㧗㏿㐨㊰ࡢࡼ࠺࡞฼⏝⪅ࡀ฼⏝ᩱ
ࢆᨭᡶ࠺タഛࢆ࠸࠺
8
Introduction and Background
g
to PPPs ((cont.))
• Services sold directly to public sector
– public sector purchases services from the private
sector which is then responsible for up-front
p
assets
investment in capital
– public sector provides core services while private
sector will typically design, build, finance, maintain
and provide non core services
– public sector client makes payments only on delivery
of services to specified quality standards
9
PPPᗎㄽཬࡧPPPࡢ⫼ᬒ஦᝟㸦⥆㸧
• බⓗ㒊㛛࡟┤᥋ᥦ౪ࡉࢀࡿࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ
– බⓗ㒊㛛ࡣ୺せ࡞㈨⏘
බⓗ㒊㛛ࡣ୺せ࡞㈨⏘࡬ࡢඛ⾜ᢞ㈨࡟㈐௵ࢆ㈇࠺Ẹ㛫㒊㛛
ࡢඛ⾜ᢞ㈨࡟㈐௵ࢆ㈇࠺Ẹ㛫㒊㛛
࠿ࡽࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢᥦ౪ࢆཷࡅࡿ
– බⓗ㒊㛛ࡣ୰᰾ⓗ࡞ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࢆᥦ౪ࡋ
බⓗ㒊㛛ࡣ୰᰾ⓗ࡞ࢧ ࣅࢫࢆᥦ౪ࡋ㸪Ẹ㛫㒊㛛ࡣタィ㸪
Ẹ㛫㒊㛛ࡣタィ
ᘓタ㸪㈨㔠㸪࣓ࣥࢸࢼࣥࢫࢆᢸᙜࡍࡿ࡜ඹ࡟㠀୰᰾ⓗ࡞ࢧ
࣮ࣅࢫࡢᥦ౪ࢆ⾜࠺
– 㢳ᐈ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢබⓗ㒊㛛ࡣ୍ᐃࡢရ㉁ᇶ‽ࢆഛ࠼ࡓࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ
ࡢᥦ౪࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡢࡳᨭᡶ࠸ࢆ⾜࠺
10
Introduction and Background
g
to PPPs ((cont.))
• Financially free standing projects
– private sector designs
designs, builds
builds, finances and operates asset
– recovers costs entirely through direct charges to the private
users of the asset rather than from p
payments
y
by
yp
public
sector
– role of public sector restricted to assistance with planning,
licensing and other regulatory approvals
– no government contribution or acceptance of risk beyond
this
• Hybrid of first two
– costs
t off project
j t are mett partly
tl from
f
charges
h
to
t end
d user and
d
partly from public subsidies
11
PPPᗎㄽཬࡧPPPࡢ⫼ᬒ஦᝟㸦⥆㸧
• ㈈ᨻⓗ࡟⮬❧ࡋࡓࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ
– Ẹ㛫㒊㛛ࡣタィ㸪ᘓタ㸪㈨㔠ㄪ㐩ཬࡧ㈨⏘ࡢ㐠Ⴀࢆ⾜࠺
Ẹ㛫㒊㛛ࡣタィ ᘓタ ㈨㔠ㄪ㐩ཬࡧ㈨⏘ࡢ㐠Ⴀࢆ⾜࠺
– බⓗ㒊㛛࠿ࡽࡢᨭᡶ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃබඹࡢ฼⏝⪅࠿ࡽ฼
⏝ᩱࢆᚓࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡍ ࡚ࡢ㈝⏝ࢆᅇ཰ࡍࡿ
⏝ᩱࢆᚓࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ㈝⏝ࢆᅇ཰ࡍࡿ
– බⓗ㒊㛛ࡢᙺ๭ࡣィ⏬㸪チㄆྍཬࡧつไୖࡢᢎㄆ࡟ࡼࡿᨭ
᥼࡟ไ㝈ࡉࢀࡿ
– ᨻᗓ㒊㛛ࡣୖグ௨ୖࡢฟᤑࡶࣜࢫࢡᘬཷࡅࡶࡋ࡞࠸
• බⓗ࢖ࣥࣇࣛ࡜⤒῭࢖ࣥࣇࣛࡢ≉ᚩࡀ⼥ྜࡋࡓࣉࣟࢪ࢙
ࢡࢺ
– ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢ㈝⏝ࡢ୍㒊ࡣᐇ㝿ࡢ฼⏝⪅ࡢ฼⏝ᩱ࡛⿵ሸ
ࡉࢀ㸪୍㒊ࡣබⓗ࡞ຓᡂ㔠࡛㈥ࢃࢀࡿ
12
Global Development
p
• PPP is a global phenomenon
– flourished over last 30 years in stable economies with high
GDPs, such as UK, Australia, Canada, France, Germany,
Netherlands, Ireland, South Africa, Portugal and Italy. Now
under
d way iin lless d
developed
l
d markets
k t
– detailed PPP policies have been developed in most of these
jurisdictions
• PPP is being used across all major public asset
classes…
13
ୡ⏺ⓗ࡞ᒎ㛤
• PPPࡣୡ⏺ⓗ࡞⌧㇟
– 㐣ཤ30ᖺ㛫࡟ࢃࡓࡾ
㐣ཤ30ᖺ㛫࡟ࢃࡓࡾ㸪࢖ࢠࣜࢫ㸪࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔㸪࢝ࢼ
࢖ࢠࣜࢫ ࢜ ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ ࢝ࢼ
ࢲ㸪ࣇࣛࣥࢫ㸪ࢻ࢖ࢶ㸪࢜ࣛࣥࢲ㸪࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ㸪༡࢔ࣇ
ࣜ࢝㸪࣏ࣝࢺ࢞ࣝ㸪࢖ࢱࣜ࢔➼㸪㧗࠸GDPࢆ㄂ࡿᏳᐃ⤒῭
ᅜ ┒ࢇ ฼⏝ࡉࢀ ࡁࡓ ⌧ᅾ ࡣⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜ ࠾
ᅜ࡛┒ࢇ࡟฼⏝ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ⌧ᅾ࡛ࡣⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜ࡟࠾࠸࡚
ࡶᬑཬࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ
– PPPࡢලయⓗ࡞つᚊࡣࡇࢀࡽࡢᅜࠎ࡟࠾࠸࡚୺࡟Ⓨᒎࡋ࡚
ࡁࡓ
• PPPࡣ࠶ࡽࡺࡿ✀㢮ࡢ୺せ࡞බඹ㈨⏘࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ά⏝ࡉࢀ
࡚࠸ࡿ
14
Global Development
p
(cont.)
(
)
Share of P3 Projects by Sector, 2007-2011 (per cent)
Social infrastructure and defence
Transport
Water and wastewater
C
Canada
d
UK
Australia
Spain
France
US
0
20
40
60
80
100
Source: The Conference Board of Canada, August 2013
15
ୡ⏺ⓗ࡞ᒎ㛤㸦⥆㸧
PPPࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢ㒊㛛ู๭ྜ㸦㸣㸧2007-2011ᖺ
බⓗ࢖ࣥࣇࣛཬࡧ㜵⾨
㐠㍺
Ỉ㐨ཬࡧୗỈ
࢝ࢼࢲ
࢖ࢠࣜࢫ
࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔
ࢫ࣌࢖ࣥ
ࣇࣛࣥࢫ
࢔࣓ࣜ࢝
0
20
40
Source: The Conference Board of Canada, August 2013
16
60
80
100
Typical
yp
PPP Structure
GOVERNMENT
BODY
INDEPENDENT
CERTIFIER
INVESTORS
•Sponsors
•Others
PROJECT
COMPANY
LENDERS
INSURERS
OPERATOR
COMPANY
CONSTRUCTION
COMPANY
CONSTRUCTION
SUBCONTRACTORS
PARENT OF
CONSTRUCTION
CO
COMPANY
A
OFFTAKER
•Government
•Public
•Other
PARENT OF
OPERATOR
CO
COMPANY
A
OPERATOR
SUBCONTRACTORS
PPPࡢ඾ᆺⓗ࡞ᵓ㐀
⾜ᨻᶵ㛵
⊂❧ㄆドᶵ㛵
ᢞ㈨ᐙ
͌ࢫ
ࢫ࣏ࣥࢧ࣮
͌ࡑ
ࡑࡢ௚
ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ఍♫
⼥㈨⪅
ಖ㝤ᴗ⪅
㐠Ⴀ఍♫
ᘓタ఍♫
㐠Ⴀୗㄳ఍♫
ᘓタୗㄳ఍♫
㐠Ⴀ఍♫ࡢ
ぶ఍♫
ᘓタ఍♫ࡢぶ఍♫
࢜ࣇࢸ࢖࣮࢝
͌ᨻ
ᨻᗓ
͌බ
බⓗᶵ㛵
͌ࡑ
ࡑࡢ௚
Typical
yp
PPP Structure ((cont.))
GOVERNMENT
BODY
INDEPENDENT
CERTIFIER
INVESTORS
•Sponsors
•Others
IC Deed
Concession Agreement
Equity Funding
Debt Funding
PROJECT
COMPANY
arrangements
arrangements
And security
LENDERS
INSURERS
Operation and
M i
Maintenance
Contract
D&C
Contract
CONSTRUCTION
COMPANY
Construction
contract
Performance
Guarantee
Sub-Contracts
CONSTRUCTION
SUBCONTRACTORS
Operation and
Maintenance
Contract
Performance
Guarantee
PARENT OF
CONSTRUCTION
CO
COMPANY
A
Sub-Contracts
PARENT OF
OPERATOR
CO
COMPANY
A
OFFTAKER
•Government
•Public
•Other
OPERATOR
COMPANY
OPERATOR
SUBCONTRACTORS
PPPࡢ඾ᆺⓗ࡞ᵓ㐀㸦⥆㸧
⾜ᨻᶵ㛵
⊂❧ㄆドᶵ㛵
ICド᫂᭩
஦ᴗጤクዎ⣙
ᢞ㈨ᐙ
͌ࢫ
ࢫ࣏ࣥࢧ࣮
͌ࡑ
ࡑࡢ௚
ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ఍♫
ᢞ㈨ዎ⣙
⼥㈨⪅
⼥㈨ዎ⣙ཬࡧ
ᢸಖタᐃ
ಖ㝤ᴗ⪅
㐠Ⴀཬࡧ
࣓ࣥࢸࢼࣥࢫ
࣓
ࢸࢼ
࡟㛵ࡍࡿዎ⣙
D&Cዎ⣙
㐠Ⴀ఍♫
ᘓタ఍♫
ୗㄳዎ⣙
ᘓタዎ⣙ࡢ
ᒚ⾜ಖド
㐠Ⴀཬࡧ
࣓ࣥࢸࢼࣥࢫ
࡟㛵ࡍࡿዎ⣙
ࡢᒚ⾜ಖド
ୗㄳዎ⣙
㐠Ⴀୗㄳ఍♫
ᘓタୗㄳ఍♫
㐠Ⴀ఍♫ࡢ
ぶ఍♫
ᘓタ఍♫ࡢぶ఍♫
࢜ࣇࢸ࢖࣮࢝
͌ᨻ
ᨻᗓ
͌බ
බⓗᶵ㛵
͌ࡑ
ࡑࡢ௚
Typical
yp
PPP Structure ((cont.))
State Tripartite Agreements / Side Deeds
(Construction Contract)
State Tripartite Agreements / Side Deeds
(Operation and Maintenance Contract)
GOVERNMENT
BODY
INDEPENDENT
CERTIFIER
INVESTORS
•Sponsors
•Others
Lenders
Direct
Agreements
(construction
Contracts)
Lenders Tripartite Agreement
(Concession agreement)
IC Deed
Concession Agreement
Equity Funding
Debt Funding
PROJECT
COMPANY
arrangements
arrangements
And security
LENDERS
INSURERS
Operation and
M i
Maintenance
Contract
D&C
Contract
CONSTRUCTION
COMPANY
Construction
contract
Performance
Guarantee
Sub-Contracts
CONSTRUCTION
SUBCONTRACTORS
Operation and
Maintenance
Contract
Performance
Guarantee
PARENT OF
CONSTRUCTION
CO
COMPANY
A
Sub-Contracts
PARENT OF
OPERATOR
CO
COMPANY
A
OFFTAKER
•Government
•Public
•Other
OPERATOR
COMPANY
Lenders
Direct
Agreements
(operating
Contracts)
OPERATOR
SUBCONTRACTORS
PPPࡢ඾ᆺⓗ࡞ᵓ㐀㸦⥆㸧
୕⪅㛫༠ᐃ/ ぬ᭩
㸦㐠Ⴀཬࡧ࣓ࣥࢸࢼࣥࢫ࡟㛵ࡍࡿዎ⣙㸧
୕⪅㛫༠ᐃ / 㿊ᴨ˄ᔪ䁝ཱྀ㌴˅
⼥㈨࡟㛵ࡍࡿ୕⪅㛫༠ᐃ
㸦஦ᴗጤクዎ⣙㸧
⾜ᨻᶵ㛵
⊂❧ㄆドᶵ㛵
IC䁬᰾ᴨ
஦ᴗጤクዎ⣙
ᢞ㈨ᐙ
͌ࢫ
ࢫ࣏ࣥࢧ࣮
͌ࡑ
ࡑࡢ௚
ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ఍♫
ᢞ㈨ዎ⣙
⼥㈨⪅
⼥㈨ዎ⣙ཬࡧ
ᢸಖタᐃ
ಖ㝤ᴗ⪅
⼥㈨⪅࡜ࡢ
┤᥋ዎ⣙
㐠Ⴀཬࡧ
࣓ࣥࢸࢼࣥࢫ
࣓
ࢸࢼ
࡟㛵ࡍࡿዎ⣙
㸦ᘓタዎ⣙㸧
D&Cዎ⣙
⼥㈨⪅࡜ࡢ
┤᥋ዎ⣙
㐠Ⴀ఍♫
ᘓタ఍♫
ୗㄳዎ⣙
ᘓタዎ⣙ࡢ
ᒚ⾜ಖド
㐠Ⴀཬࡧ
࣓ࣥࢸࢼࣥࢫ
࡟㛵ࡍࡿዎ⣙
ࡢᒚ⾜ಖド
ୗㄳዎ⣙
㐠Ⴀୗㄳ఍♫
ᘓタୗㄳ఍♫
㐠Ⴀ఍♫ࡢ
ぶ఍♫
ᘓタ఍♫ࡢぶ఍♫
࢜ࣇࢸ࢖࣮࢝
͌ᨻ
ᨻᗓ
͌බ
බⓗᶵ㛵
͌ࡑ
ࡑࡢ௚
㸦㐠Ⴀዎ⣙㸧
Drivers – Financial Return,, Risk Allocation
• Public sector
– value for money
money, especially improved project schedule and
capital cost over traditional procurement, governments
attracted to the access to private finance also
– contract with single consortium counterparty
– no risk ‘gaps’
• Private sector
– achieve desired p
pre-tax and p
post-tax returns, cashflow and
quarantining of liability
– ‘step down’ principle: typical step down deals with all design
and
d construction
t ti risks
i k and
d allll operational
ti
l period
i d risks
i k
– consider step down gaps and project unique factors
– ‘gaps’ insured against or factored into model
23
ཎືຊ – ཰┈ᵓ㐀ཬࡧࣜࢫࢡ㓄ศ
• බⓗ㒊㛛
– ㈝⏝ᑐຠᯝࡢᨵၿ
㈝⏝ᑐຠᯝࡢᨵၿ㸪≉࡟ఏ⤫ⓗ࡞ᨻᗓㄪ㐩࡟ẚ࡭࡚ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡ
≉࡟ఏ⤫ⓗ࡞ᨻᗓㄪ㐩࡟ẚ࡭࡚ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡ
ࢺࡢࢫࢣࢪ࣮ࣗࣝཬࡧ㈨ᮏࢥࢫࢺࡀᨵၿࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ᨻᗓ
ࡣẸ㛫㔠⼥࡬ࡢ࢔ࢡࢭࢫ࡟๓ྥࡁ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ
– ࢥࣥࢯ࣮ࢩ࢔࣒ࡓࡿ஦ᴗ⪅࡜ࡢ༢୍ዎ⣙
ࢩ ࣒ࡓࡿ஦ᴗ⪅࡜ࡢ༢ ዎ⣙
– ࣜࢫࢡࡢࠕࢠࣕࢵࣉࠖࡣ࡞࠸
• Ẹ㛫㒊㛛
– ᮃࡲࡋ࠸ㄢ⛯๓ཬࡧㄢ⛯ᚋࡢ཰┈㸪࢟ࣕࢵࢩࣗࣇ࣮ࣟཬࡧ㈐௵
㝸㞳ࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿ
– ࢫࢸࢵࣉ࣭ࢲ࢘ࣥࡢཎ๎㸸඾ᆺⓗ࡞ࢫࢸࢵࣉ࣭ࢲ࡛࢘ࣥࡣタィ
ཬࡧᘓタࡢࣜࢫࢡ㸪㐠Ⴀᮇ㛫ࡢ඲࡚ࡢࣜࢫࢡ࡟ᑐฎࡍࡿ
– ࢫࢸࢵࣉ࣭ࢲ࢘ࣥࡢࢠࣕࢵࣉ࡜ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ≉᭷ࡢせ⣲ࢆ⪃៖
ࢫࢸ ࣉ ࢲ࢘ࣥࡢࢠࣕ ࣉ࡜ࣉࣟࢪ ࢡࢺ≉᭷ࡢせ⣲ࢆ⪃៖
– ࠕࢠࣕࢵࣉࠖࡣಖ㝤࡛ᑐฎࡍࡿ࠿ࣔࢹࣝ࡟⤌ࡳ㎸ࡴ
24
Drivers – Financial Return,, Risk Allocation ((cont.))
• Design and Construction to be covered in further detail, but
(in outline) to include…
– scope and interfaces
– approvals
pp
– site conditions
– extension of time
time, compensation for ‘relief
relief events’
events
– liquidated damages, liability caps, indirect loss, indemnities
g
generally
y
– fitness for purpose
– termination triggers, sunset date
25
ཎືຊ – ཰┈ᵓ㐀ཬࡧࣜࢫࢡ㓄ศ㸦⥆㸧
• タィཬࡧ㐠Ⴀ࡜ࡣᴫせ௨ୗࢆྵࡴ㸦ࡓࡔࡋ㸪ࡼࡾヲ⣽࡞
࢝
࢝ࣂ࣮ࡀᚲせ㸧
ࡀᚲせ㸧
– ⠊ᅖཬࡧ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣇ࢙࣮ࢫ
– ᢎㄆ
– ⌧ሙ⎔ቃ
– ᮇ㛫ᘏ㛗,
ᮇ㛫ᘏ㛗 ࠕᩆ῭஦⏤ࠖ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⿵ൾ
– ㈺ൾ㢠ࡢணᐃ㸪㈐௵ࡢ㝈ᐃ㸪㛫᥋ᦆᐖ㸪⿵ൾ୍⯡
– ┠ⓗ㐺ྜᛶ
– ዎ⣙⤊஢᮲㡯㸪⤊஢᪥
26
Drivers – Financial Return,, Risk Allocation ((cont.))
• Operations and Maintenance
– contracted services – ‘hard’
hard (for example lifecycle based
based,
related to construction cost) and ‘soft’ (for example
landscaping maintenance)
– output specifications – what, not how
• Service standards and failure, evaluation and monitoring of
performance
• Benchmarking, market testing and re-setting
• Payment principles
– ‘unitary’ payment for availability
– fixed and variable components
27
ཎືຊ – ཰┈ᵓ㐀ཬࡧࣜࢫࢡ㓄ศ㸦⥆㸧
• 㐠Ⴀཬࡧ࣓ࣥࢸࢼࣥࢫ
– ዎ⣙ୖࡢࢧ
ዎ⣙ୖࡢࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ
ࣅࢫ – ࠕࣁ࣮ࢻࠖ㸦౛㸸ࣛ࢖ࣇࢧ࢖ࢡࣝ࡟ᇶ
ࠕࣁ ࢻࠖ㸦౛ ࣛ࢖ࣇࢧ࢖ࢡࣝ࡟ᇶ
࡙ࡃཪࡣ㛵㐃ࡍࡿᘓタࢥࢫࢺ㸧ཬࡧࠕࢯࣇࢺࠖ㸦౛㸸ᬒほ
ࡢ⥔ᣢ㸧
– ᡂᯝ≀ࡢ௙ᵝ – How࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃWhat
• ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢᶆ‽୪ࡧ࡟ࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࡢ㞀ᐖ㸪ホ౯ཬࡧ
ࣔࢽࢱࣜࣥࢢ
• ࣋ࣥࢳ࣐࣮ࢡࡢタᐃ㸪ᕷሙㄪᰝཬࡧࣜࢭࢵࢺ
• ᨭᡶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢཎ๎
– ࢔࣋࢖ࣛࣅࣜࢸ࢕࡟ᑐࡍࡿࠕ⤫୍ⓗ࡞ࠖᨭᡶ࠸
࢔ ࢖ࣛࣅࣜࢸ࢕࡟ᑐࡍࡿ ⤫ ⓗ࡞ࠖᨭᡶ࠸
– ᅛᐃⓗཬࡧྍኚⓗ࡞ᵓᡂせ⣲
28
Drivers – Financial Return,, Risk Allocation ((cont.))
Payment
mechanism
features
Contractual risks are allocated to those
ti responsible
ibl for…
f
parties
Availability
Planning
D i
Design
Construction
Commissioning
Ongoing availability / operations / lifecycle
Performance
Facility management / operation to agreed
standards
Volume
Taking / sharing risk on demand
Indexation
payment
y
linked to index
Part of p
29
ཎືຊ – ཰┈ᵓ㐀ཬࡧࣜࢫࢡ㓄ศ(⥆)
( )
ᨭᡶ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡢ ዎ⣙ୖࡢࣜࢫࢡࡣ௨ୗ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㈐௵ࢆ㈇࠺ᙜ
≉ᚩ
஦⪅࡟ศ㓄ࡉࢀࡿ
࢔࣋࢖ࣛࣅࣜࢸ࢕ ƒ ௻⏬
ƒ タィ
タ
ƒ ᘓタ
ƒ ヨ㐠㌿
ƒ ⥅⥆ⓗ࡞࢔࣋࢖ࣛࣅࣜࢸ࢕ / 㐠Ⴀ / ࣛ࢖ࣇ
ࢧ࢖ࢡࣝ
ࣃࣇ࢛ ࣐ࣥࢫ
ࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫ
ྜពࡉࢀᚓࡓỈ‽࡛ࡢタഛࡢ⟶⌮ / 㐠Ⴀ
ᩘ㔞
㟂せ࡟㛵ࡍࡿࣜࢫࢡࡢᘬཷࡅ / ඹ᭷
ᣦᩘ໬
ᣦᶆ࡜ࣜࣥࢡࡍࡿᨭᡶ㒊ศ
30
Conclusion of
P t 1 - Section
Part
S ti 1
31
➨㸯⦅ - ➨㸯㒊ࡢ⤖ㄽ
32
Part 1 – Section 2 :
Current Opportunities and Developments
Maria Pedersen,, Jones Dayy Hong
g Kong
g Office
33
➨1⦅ ʋ➨2㒊㸸
➨2㒊㸸
⌧ᅾࡢ≧ἣཬࡧᒎ㛤
䝬䝸䜰䞉䝢䝎䞊䝉䞁䠈䝆䝵䞊䞁䝈䝕䜲㤶 䜸䝣䜱䝇
34
General Overview – The Need for PPP
Development
• India and South East Asian countries have a huge need for a high
and sustainable growth in the economy in order to raise the overall
standard of living and reduce poverty
• Investment climate surveys repeatedly showed that the limited and
poor q
p
quality
y of infrastructure facilities acted as a major
j impediment
p
to business growth in this region
• Governments are no longer able to finance infrastructure projects
solely or even predominantly from the public purse, therefore they
highly promote PPP
• PPP in infrastructure projects picked
picked-up
up momentum since mid
mid-90s
90s
in this region which continues to show great potential in PPP
development
35
ᴫせ – PPPⓎᒎࡢᚲせᛶ
• ࢖ࣥࢻཬࡧᮾ༡࢔ࢪ࢔ㅖᅜࡣ㸪඲⯡ⓗ࡞⏕άỈ‽ࡢྥୖཬࡧ㈋ᅔ
ࡢῶᑡࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚㧗ᗘ࡛ᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞⤒῭ᡂ㛗࡟ᑐࡍࡿ኱ࡁ࡞ᚲ
せᛶ࡟┤㠃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ
• ᢞ㈨⎔ቃ࡟㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝ࡛ࡣ
ᢞ㈨⎔ቃ࡟㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝ࡛ࡣ㸪࢖ࣥࣇࣛࢫࢺࣛࢡࢳ࣮ࣕ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㉁
࢖ࣥࣇࣛࢫࢺࣛࢡࢳࣕ ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㉁
ࡢపࡉࡀࡇࡢᆅᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࡢ୺せ࡞㞀ᐖ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ
࡜ࡀ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
• ᨻᗓࡣ㸪࢖ࣥࣇࣛࢫࢺࣛࢡࢳ࣮ࣕ࡟㛵ࡍࡿࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢ㈨㔠ࢆ
ᅜᗜ㔠࠿ࡽ༢⊂࡛ཪࡣࡇࢀࢆ୺࡜ࡋ࡚㈥࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࡶࡣࡸ࡛ࡁࡎ㸪
ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚PPPࢆᙉࡃ᥎㐍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ
• ࢖ࣥࣇࣛࢫࢺࣛࢡࢳ࣮࣭ࣕࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡟㛵ࡍࡿPPPࡣࡇࡢᆅᇦ
࡟࠾࠸࡚90ᖺ௦༙ࡤ࡟ᣑ኱ࢆጞࡵ㸪
࡟࠾࠸࡚90ᖺ௦༙ࡤ࡟ᣑ኱ࢆጞࡵ㸪PPPࡀⓎᒎࡍࡿ኱ࡁ࡞ྍ⬟ᛶ
ࡀⓎᒎࡍࡿ኱ࡁ࡞ྍ⬟ᛶ
ࢆ♧ࡋ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ
36
Development of PPP – Project Count
from 1990 to 2012
Number of proje
N
ects reaching ffinancial closure
100
80
Indonesia
Cambodia
Laos
60
Malaysia
Myanmar
Philippines
40
Thailand
Vietnam
India
20
0
19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012
Year
Source : Compiled from the World Bank PPI Database
37
PPPࡢⓎᒎ – ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ௳ᩘ
㸦1990ᖺ㹼2012ᖺ㸧
㈨㔠ㄪ㐩ࡀ᏶
᏶஢ࡋࡓࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢ௳
௳ᩘ
100
80
Indonesia
࢖ࣥࢻࢿࢩ࢔
Cambodia
࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࢔
Laos
ࣛ࢜ࢫ
60
Malaysia
࣐࣮ࣞࢩ࢔
Myanmar
࣑࣐࣮ࣕࣥ
Philippines
ࣇ࢕ࣜࣆࣥ
40
Thailand
ࢱ࢖
Vietnam
࣋ࢺࢼ࣒
India
࢖ࣥࢻ
20
0
19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012
Year
ᖺ
Source : Compiled from the World Bank PPI Database
38
Development
De
elopment of PPP – Total N
Number
mber of PPP Projects
reaching financial closure from 1990 to 2012
India
Philippines
Thailand
Indonesia
Malaysia
Vietnam
Cambodia
Laos
Myanmar
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Source : Compiled from the World Bank PPI Database
39
PPPࡢⓎᒎ
Ⓨᒎ – ㈨㔠ㄪ㐩ࡀ᏶஢ࡋࡓPPPࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ
㈨㔠ㄪ㐩ࡀ᏶஢ࡋࡓ
ࣉ ࢪ ࢡࢺ
ࡢ඲௳ᩘ 㸦1990ᖺ㹼2012ᖺ㸧
India
࢖ࣥࢻ
Philippines
ࣇ࢕ࣜࣆࣥ
Thailand
ࢱ࢖
Indonesia
࢖ࣥࢻࢿࢩ࢔
Malaysia
࣐࣮ࣞࢩ࢔
࣋ࢺࢼ࣒
Vietnam
࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࢔
Cambodia
ࣛ࢜ࢫ
Laos
࣑࣐࣮ࣕࣥ
Myanmar
0
100
200
300
400
500
Source : Compiled from the World Bank PPI Database
40
600
700
800
PPP Systems Comparison
Financial support from
Government
Institutional framework
•
•
National Development Planning
Agency (BAPPENAS)
Coordinating Ministry for
Economic Affairs (CMEA)
Ministry of Finance (MOF)
Malaysia
•
3PU
Philippines
•
•
PPP Center
NEDA
Thailand
•
•
•
SEPO
Ministry of Finance (MOF)
Communitee of Private
Investment in State Undertaking
India
•
PPP Center
Vietnam
•
Ministry of Planning and
Investment
Indonesia
•
•
•
Viability Gap Funding (VGF)
Indonesia Infrastructure Guarantee
Fund (IIGF)
•
•
No guarantee for long term funding
Facilitation Fund
•
•
Case by case approach
No direct government guarantee,
subsidy or equity for unsolicited
projects
•
•
•
No direct government guarantee for
funding to the private sector
Fiscal budget
Multilateral institutions
•
•
VGF
India Infrastructure Finance Company
Limited
•
Case by case approach
Project Development
Fund (PDF)
•
Some organisations are
entitled to provide PDF
based on specific
regulations
•
No PDF
•
Project Development and
Monitoring Facility (PDMF)
Strategic Support Fund
•
•
Establishment of PDF
underway
•
PDF
•
Establishment
E
t bli h
t off PDF
underway (around
VND20,000billion)
Source: ASEAN PPP at a glance by ERIA
41
PPP ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢẚ㍑
ᶵᵓ㠃࡛ࡢᯟ⤌ࡳ
࢖ࣥࢻࢿࢩ࢔
ࢱ࢖
• ࣂ࢖࢔ࣅࣜࢸ࢕࣭ࢠࣕࢵࣉ࣭ࣇ࢓ࣥࢻ
(VGF)
• ࢖ࣥࢻࢿࢩ࢔࢖ࣥࣇࣛࢫࢺࣛࢡࢳ࣮ࣕ
ಖドࣇ࢓ࣥࢻ (IIGF)
• ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢᅋయࡀ≉ᐃࡢつไ࡟
ᇶ࡙࠸࡚PDFࡢᥦ౪ࢆㄆྍࡉࢀ
࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
• 3PU
• 㛗ᮇⓗ࡞㈨㔠౪⤥࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢಖドࡣ࡞
ࡋ
• タഛ㠃࡛ࡢࣇ࢓ࣥࢻ
• PDF࡞ࡋ
• PPP ࢭࣥࢱ
ࢭࣥࢱ࣮
• NEDA
• ᱌௳ࡈ࡜ࡢ࢔ࣉࣟʊࢳ
• 㠀せㄳᆺࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ┤᥋ⓗ
࡞ᨻᗓಖド㸪⿵ຓ㔠㸪㈨ᮏ౪୚ࡣ࡞࠸
• ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ㛤Ⓨ࣭┘どᶵ㛵
ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ㛤Ⓨ ┘どᶵ㛵
(PDMF)
• ᡓ␎ⓗᨭ᥼ࣇ࢓ࣥࢻ
• SEPO
• ㈈ົ┬ (MOF)
• ᅜᐙ஦ᴗ࡟࠾ࡅࡿẸ㛫ᢞ㈨
ጤဨ఍
• Ẹ㛫㒊㛛࡬ࡢ㈨㔠౪⤥࡟ࡘ࠸࡚┤᥋ࡢ
ᅜᐙಖドࡣ࡞ࡋ
• ᅜᐙண⟬
• ከᅜ㛫ࡢᶵ㛵
• PDFࡢタ❧ࡀ㐍⾜୰
• PPP ࢭࣥࢱ࣮
• VGF
• ࢖ࣥࢻ࢖ࣥࣇࣛࢫࢺࣛࢡࢳࣕʊᰴᘧ఍
♫
• PDF
• ௻⏬ᢞ㈨┬
• ᱌௳ࡈ࡜ࡢ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ
• PDFࡢタ❧ࡀ㐍⾜୰ (⣙㸰㸮㸮൨
࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ࢻࣝ㸧
࢖ࣥࢻ
࣋ࢺࢼ࣒
ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺᒎ㛤ࣇ࢓ࣥࢻ
((PDF))
• ᅜᐙⓎᒎィ⏬ᗇ
(BAPPENAS)
• ⤒῭஦᱌ㄪᩚ┬ (CMEA)
• ㈈ົ┬ (MOF)
࣐࣮ࣞࢩ࢔
ࣇ࢕ࣜࣆࣥ
ᨻᗓ࠿ࡽࡢ㈨㔠㠃࡛ࡢᨭ᥼
Source: ASEAN PPP at a glance by ERIA
42
India – Overview
• Ranked the 5th country with the most ideal environment for PPP
projects in ASEAN by The 2011 Infrascope
• According to the World Bank data, India is the largest market for
f
PPP in the developing world:
• Government aims to promote PPP so that by 2014
2014, private
investments would represent 50% of the infrastructure
investments
• Enormous investment needed driven by roads infrastructure
43
࢖ࣥࢻ – ᴫせ
• 2011ᖺ∧ Infrascope࡟࠾࠸࡚ASEAN࡛PPPࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ
ࡢࡓࡵࡢ⌮᝿ⓗ࡞⎔ቃࢆഛ࠼ࡓᅜࡢ➨5␒┠࡟ࣛࣥࢡࡉࢀ
ࡓ
• ୡ⏺㖟⾜ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜࢖ࣥࢻࡣⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡢ୰࡛᭱
኱ࡢPPPᕷሙ࡛࠶ࡿ
–
ᨻᗓࡣ2014ᖺ࡟ࡣ࢖ࣥࣇࣛࢫࢺࣛࢡࢳ࣮ࣕ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᢞ
㈨ࡢ
㈨ࡢ50㸣ࢆẸ㛫ᢞ㈨ࡀ༨ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚PPPࡢಁ
ࢆẸ㛫ᢞ㈨ࡀ༨ࡵࡿ ࡜ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚
ࡢಁ
㐍ࢆ௻ᅗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ
• 㐨㊰タഛ࡟≌ᘬࡉࢀࡿᕧ኱࡞ᢞ㈨ࡀᚲせ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
44
India – PPP Projects in the Pipeline
140
128
11%
120
In planning
42%
100
In tender
85
47%
Project awarded
80
60
Models of PPP in India
40
3%
20
5
2% 4%
15
9
6
1
1
19%
6
BOT
DBFOT
0
DBFO
DBFOM
DBFOMT
72%
Source : Compiled from InfraPPP World
45
࢖ࣥࢻ – 㐍⾜୰ࡢPPP ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ
140
128
11%
120
Inィ⏬୰
planning
42%
100
Inධᮐ୰
tender
85
47%
Ⓨὀ῭awarded
Project
80
60
࢖ࣥࢻࡢPPPࣔࢹࣝ
40
4%
3% 2%
20
5
15
9
6
1
1
Ỉ
㐨
Ỉ
ฎ
⌮
19%
6
BOT
DBFOT
0
DBFO
✵
 
㕲
㐨
㐨
㊰
 
‴
ᘓ
⠏
ࡈ
ࡳ
ฎ
⌮
Source : Compiled from InfraPPP World
46
ࣉ
ࣟ
ࢪ
勍
ࢡ
ࢺ
ྜ
ィ
DBFOM
72%
DBFOMT
I di – Opportunities
India
O
t iti in
i the
th P
Portt S
Sector
t
• Projected growth of the port sector:
• Driven by notorious delay in
turnaround times
• The government has developed its
port infrastructure through an
investment of US$25 billion through
PPP
• 100% FDI permitted
• 100% income tax exemption for 10
years
Source : Indian Port Sector by Gammon
Infrastructure Projects Limited
• Projected growth in cargo volume
47
࢖ࣥࢻ –  ‴㒊㛛࡟࠾ࡅࡿ≧ἣ
•  ‴㒊㛛ࡢᡂ㛗ぢ㏻ࡋ
• ᝏྡ㧗࠸ ࡛ࡢ⯪᫬㛫ࡢ㐜ᘏࡀ
᥎㐍ຊ
• ᨻᗓࡣPPP࡟࠿ࡅࡓ250൨⡿ࢻࣝ
ࡢᢞ㈨ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ ‴࢖ࣥࣇࣛࢆ㛤
Ⓨࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ
• 100%ࡢእᅜ┤᥋ᢞ㈨ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ
࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
࡚࠸ࡿ
• 10ᖺ㛫ᡤᚓ⛯ࢆ100%ච㝖
Source : Indian Port Sector by Gammon
Infrastructure Projects Limited
• ㈌≀㔞ࡢᡂ㛗ぢ㏻ࡋ
48
India – Opportunities in the Port Sector
• 11 Major ports highlighted for redevelopment
49
࢖ࣥࢻ –  ‴㒊㛛࡛ࡢ≧ἣ
• ෌㛤Ⓨ࡛⬮ගࢆᾎࡧࡿ୺せ11 
࣮࢝ࣥࢻ࣮ࣛ
ࢥࣝ࢝ࢱ
ࣃࣛࢹ࢕ࣉ
࣒ࣥࣂ࢖
ࣦ࢕ࢩ࣮ࣕ࢝ࣃࢺࢼ࣒
࣐࣮࣒࣮ࣝ࢞࢜
ࢽ࣮࣐࣮ࣗࣥ࢞ࣟࣝ
࢚ࣀ࣮ࣝ
ࢳ࢙ࣥࢼ࢖
ࢥ࣮ࢳࣥ
ࢶࢳࢥࣜࣥ
50
India – Opportunities in the Aviation
Sector
• Projected growth of the aviation sector:
• Plans to upgrade
pg
125 airports
p
and to add new airports
p
in the next 10 yyears
• Need for private investment into this sector
• Compound annual growth at over 15% in passenger traffic in the next few
years
• Growth of cargo traffic
• 100% income tax exemption for a period of 10 years
• 100% FDI permitted
• 100% equity ownership by foreign company permitted
Source : Ministry of Civil Aviation
51
࢖ࣥࢻ – ⯟✵㒊㛛࡟࠾ࡅࡿ≧ἣ
• ⯟✵㒊㛛ࡢᡂ㛗ぢ㏻ࡋ
• 125ࡢ✵ ࢆᨵಟࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ྥࡇ࠺10ᖺࡢ㛫࡟✵ ࢆ᪂
タࡍࡿィ⏬
• ⯟✵㒊㛛࡬ࡢẸ㛫ᢞ㈨ࡢᚲせᛶ
• ௒ᚋᩘᖺࡢ᪑ᐈ⪅ᩘࡣྜィ࡛ᖺ㛫15%ࡢ」฼ᡂ㛗
• ㈌≀㍺㏦㔞ࡢቑຍ
• 10ᖺ㛫ᡤᚓ⛯ࢆ100%ච㝖
• 100%ࡢእᅜ┤᥋ᢞ㈨ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
• እᅜ௻ᴗ࡟ࡼࡿ఍♫ࡢ100%ᡤ᭷ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
Source : Ministry of Civil Aviation
52
India – Trend of Locations of PPP Projects
• 61% – located in 7 key states
in India
15%
Maharashtra
• 39% – located in 21 other
states
12%
Tamil Nadu
Gujarat
8%
• Why?
8%
Uttar Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
6%
Andhra Pradesh
• More robust regulatory
framework
6%
6%
Karnataka
21 other states
39%
Total
100%
0
20
40
60
80
100
% of total announced projects between 2006 and 11
Source: Thomson One; "Developing India’s Infrastructure through Public
Private Partnerships", BGC research
• With these robust
regulatory framework, PPP
projects
p
j
located in these
states are more likely to
succeed
53
࢖ࣥࢻ – PPPࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢᆅᇦⓗഴྥ
PPPࣉࣟࢪ ࢡࢺࡢᆅᇦⓗഴྥ
• 61% – ࢖ࣥࢻࡢ୺せ7ᕞ࡟
ᡤᅾ
15%
࣐ࣁ࣮࣮ࣛࢩࣗࢺࣛ
12%
ࢱ࣑ࣝ·ࢼ࣮ࢻࢗ
ࢢࢪ࣮ࣕࣛࢺ
• 39% – ௚ࡢ21ᕞ࡟ᡤᅾ
8%
• ⌮⏤
8%
࢘ࢵࢱ࣭ࣝࣉࣛࢹ࣮ࢩࣗ
࣐ࢹ࢕ࣖ ࣉࣛࢹ ࢩ
࣐ࢹ࢕࣭ࣖࣉࣛࢹ࣮ࢩࣗ
• ࡼࡾ೺඲࡞つไࡢᯟ⤌ࡳ
6%
࢔࣮ࣥࢻ࣭ࣛࣉࣛࢹ࣮
ࢩࣗ
6%
࢝ࣝࢼ࣮ࢱ࢝
• ೺඲࡞つไࡢᯟ⤌ࡳ࡜┦
ࡲࡗ࡚୺せ7ᕞࡢPPPࣉ
ࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡣࡼࡾᡂຌࡍ
ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ኱ࡁ࠸
6%
௚ࡢ21ᕞ
39%
100%
Total
0
20
40
60
80
100
2006ᖺ࠿ࡽ2011ᖺࡲ࡛ࡢ㛫࡟බ⾲ࡉࢀࡓ
ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢࣃ࣮ࢭࣥࢸࢵࢪ
Source: Thomson One; "Developing India’s Infrastructure through Public
Private Partnerships", BGC research
54
India – Risks for Foreign Investors
• Risk allocation is significantly biased in favour of the
government
• Land acquisition risk is a significant factor derailing most
projects
• Variety of state-based approaches gives significant
advantage to local private sectors
• High corruption risk due to lack of transparency:
- Often results in faulty bidding process
• Long legal and bureaucratic procedure
• Lack of coordination
Source : BCG research and Public Private Partnership: A Growth
accelerator or a power failure? – by the Property Observer
55
࢖ࣥࢻ – እᅜᢞ㈨ᐙࡢࣜࢫࢡ
• ࣜࢫࢡศᢸࡀᨻᗓ᭷฼࡟኱ࡁࡃ೫ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ
• ከࡃࡢࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡀ㌶㐨࠿ࡽእࢀࡿ୺࡞せᅉࡣᅵᆅྲྀ
ᚓࣜࢫࢡ࡟࠶ࡿ
ᕞ࡟ᇶ♏ࢆ⨨ࡃ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡢከᵝᛶࡀ⌧ᆅࡢẸ㛫௻ᴗ࡟
ᇶ♏ࢆ⨨ࡃ࢔
ࢳ ከᵝᛶ ⌧ᆅ Ẹ㛫௻ᴗ
• ᕞ
኱ࡁ࡞฼Ⅼ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ
• ㏱᫂ᛶࡢḞዴ࡟ࡼࡿ㧗࠸ở⫋ࣜࢫࢡ
- ୙㐺ษ࡞ධᮐᡭ⥆ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡶࡋࡤࡋࡤ
• 㛗ᮇ࡟ࢃࡓࡿἲⓗᡭ⥆ཬࡧ⾜ᨻᡭ⥆
• ㄪᩚ୙㊊
Source : BCG research and Public Private Partnership: A Growth
accelerator or a power failure? – by the Property Observer
56
Case Study - Airport Express
Line of Delhi Metro
• Issues:
• Cracks found in the metro pillar structures:
– Resulted in the shut
shut-down
down of the express line for 6 months
• Inflated traffic projection:
– Skewed the projection of financial viability for the operator
• Speed cut due to safety issues
• Missed 4 deadlines
• Causes
C
off th
the iissues:
• Poor preparation
• Flawed risk-sharing
g – biased in favour of the g
government
• Absence of an institutional mechanism to deal with
renegotiations
• Forgetting about “Partnership”
Partnership in PPP
57
ࢣ ࢫ ࢫࢱࢹ࢕ – ࢹࣜ
ࢣ࣮ࢫ࣭ࢫࢱࢹ࢕
ࢹ࣮࣭࣓ࣜࢺ࣭ࣟ
࣓ࢺࣟ
࢚࢔࣏࣮ࢺ࣭࢚ࢡࢫࣉࣞࢫ࣭ࣛ࢖ࣥ
• ၥ㢟
• ᆅୗ㕲ࡢᰕ≧ᵓ㐀≀࡛ࡢࡦࡧ๭ࢀࡢⓎぢ
– ࢚࢔࣏࣮ࢺ࣭࢚ࢡࢫࣉࣞࢫࡣ6࠿᭶㛫ఇᴗ
࢔࣏ ࢺ
ࢡ ࣉ
ࡣ ࠿᭶㛫ఇᴗ
• 㐣኱࡞฼⏝ண – 㐠Ⴀ⪅ࡢ㈈ົ㠃࡛ࡢᐇ⾜ྍ⬟ᛶࡢண ࢆṍࡵࡓࠋ
• Ᏻ඲ୖࡢၥ㢟࡟ࡼࡿప㏿໬
• ᮇ㝈ࢆ4ᗘᚐ㐣
• ၥ㢟ࡢཎᅉ
• ‽ഛ୙㊊
• ࣜࢫࢡศᢸࡢḞ㝗
ᢸ Ḟ㝗 – ᨻᗓ᭷฼ࡢ೫ࡾ
ᨻᗓ᭷
೫
• ෌஺΅࡟㛵ࡍࡿไᗘⓗ࡞௙⤌ࡳࡢ୙Ꮡᅾ
• PPP࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࠖࡢᛀ༷
PPP࡟࠾ࡅࡿ ࣃ ࢺࢼ ࢩࢵࣉࠖࡢᛀ༷
58
Indonesia - Overview
• The Masterplan for the Acceleration and Expansion of
Indonesian Economic Growth (MP3EI)
• Goal
• Key sectors for PPP development:
• Water supply
• Roads
• Railroads
Source :Masterplan – Acceleration and Expansion of Indonesia
Economic Development 2011-2025 by The Republic of Indonesia
59
࢖ࣥࢻࢿࢩ࢔ – ᴫせ
• ࢖ࣥࢻࢿࢩ࢔ࡢ⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࡢຍ㏿࣭ᣑ኱ࡢࡓࡵࡢ
࢖ࣥࢻࢿࢩ࢔ࡢ⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࡢຍ㏿ ᣑ኱ࡢࡓࡵࡢ
ᇶᮏィ⏬ (MP3EI)
• ┠ᶆ
• PPPⓎᒎࡢࡓࡵࡢ୺せ㒊㛛
• 㣧ᩱỈ౪⤥
• 㐨㊰
• 㕲㐨
Source :Masterplan – Acceleration and Expansion of Indonesia
Economic Development 2011-2025 by The Republic of Indonesia
60
Indonesia – Recent Developments in the
Legal Framework
• Presidential Regulation No.67 (2005) as amended by the
Presidential Regulation No.13 (2010) and the Presidential
Regulation No.56
No 56 (2011)
• Sets out provisions necessary for PPP implementation
• Applicable to the following sectors:
– Transportation Infrastructure
– Road Infrastructure
– Irrigation Infrastructure
– Drinking Water Infrastructure
– Information
I f
ti and
d Telecommunication
T l
i ti Infrastructure
I f t t
– Electricity Infrastructure
– Oil and Gas Infrastructure
61
࢖ࣥࢻࢿࢩ࢔ –㏆ᖺࡢἲไᗘࡢⓎᒎ
㏆ᖺࡢἲไᗘࡢⓎᒎ
• ኱⤫㡿௧➨13ྕ㸦2010ᖺ㸧ཬࡧ኱⤫㡿௧➨56ྕ㸦2011
ᖺ㸧࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ಟṇࡉࢀࡓ኱⤫㡿௧➨67ྕ㸦2005ᖺ㸧
• PPPᐇ᪋࡟ᚲせ࡞つᐃࡢᩚഛ
• ௨ୗࡢ㒊㛛࡬㐺⏝
– ஺㏻࢖ࣥࣇࣛ
– 㐨㊰࢖ࣥࣇࣛ
– ℺₅࢖ࣥࣇࣛ
– 㣧ᩱỈ࢖ࣥࣇࣛ
– ᝟ሗ㏻ಙ࢖ࣥࣇࣛ
– 㟁ຊ࢖ࣥࣇࣛ
– ▼Ἔ࣭࢞ࢫ࢖ࣥࣇࣛ
62
Indonesia – Recent Developments in the
Legal Framework (cont’)
• Ministry of Finance Regulation No.223 (2012)
• Prescribed a Viability Gap Fund (VGF) to raise the
financial viability of PPP projects
• VGF
– Financial support for construction costs of PPP
projects
• The Ministry of Finance is now preparing a regulation
on Project Development Facility (PDF)
63
࢖ࣥࢻࢿࢩ࢔ – ㏆ᖺࡢἲไᗘࡢⓎᒎ
㏆ᖺ ἲไᗘ Ⓨᒎ
㸦⥆㸧
• 㔠⼥ᗇつ๎➨223ྕ㸦2012ᖺ㸧
• PPPࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢ㈈ᨻⓗ࡞ᐇ⌧ྍ⬟ᛶࢆ㧗ࡵࡿ
ࡓࡵࡢࣂ࢖࢔ࣅࣜࢸ࢕࣭ࢠࣕࢵࣉ࣭ࣇ࢓ࣥࢻ
㸦VGF㸧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚つᐃ
• VGF
– PPPࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᘓタ㈝⏝ࡢ㈈ᨻⓗᨭ
᥼
• 㔠⼥ᗇࡣ⌧ᅾࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ㛤Ⓨᶵ㛵㸦PDF㸧࡟㛵ࡍࡿ
つไࢆ‽ഛࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ
64
Indonesia – PPP Projects in the Pipeline
Sector
Number of
Projects
Cost of Projects
(in Million in
USD)
Electricity
1
68
Railroads
2
3,750
Roads
2
24,253
Seaports
1
25
7%
15%
Railroads
14%
57%
8
Total
14
604
Roads
Seaports
7%
14%
Water
Supply
Electricity
43%
Water Suppy
In Planning
In Tender
43%
Project awarded
Source : Compiled from InfraPPP World and the PPP Infrastructure
Projects Plan in Indonesia by the Republic of Indonesia
28,700
65
࢖ࣥࢻࢿࢩ࢔ – 㐍⾜୰ࡢPPP ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ
㒊㛛
㟁ຊ
7%
ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ㈝⏝
ᩘ
㸦100୓⡿ࢻࣝ㸧
1
68
15%
㕲㐨
Railroads
14%
57%
2
3,750
㐨㊰
2
24,253
 ‴
1
25
Ỉ㐨
8
604
14%
43%
ྜィ
14
Source : Compiled from InfraPPP World and the PPP Infrastructure
Projects Plan in Indonesia by the Republic of Indonesia
28,700
66
㐨㊰
Roads
 ‴
Seaports
7%
㕲㐨
㟁ຊ
Electricity
43%
Ỉ㐨 Suppy
Water
Inィ⏬୰
Planning
Inධᮐ୰
Tender
Ⓨὀ῭awarded
Project
Indonesia – Risks and Considerations for
Foreign Investors
• Difficulty in the acquisition of land due to legal impediments to
agree on fair compensation for land-owners resulting in endless
l
legal
l di
disputes
t
• Corruption in the country has improved but is still present
• Lack of regulatory certainty poses higher investment risks
• Greatest ratio of failure to number of PPP projects according to
th W
the
World
ld B
Bank
k PPI dataset
d t
t
• Indonesia’s infrastructure spending is only about 2.3 percent of
its gross domestic product
product, which is substantially lower than its
peers in the region
Source : Public Private Partnership (PPP) Investor’s Guide: What
private investors should know about investing in Indonesia’s
Infrastructure – Coordinating Ministry of Economic Affairs;
Source : Indonesia Investments website
67
࢖ࣥࢻࢿࢩ࢔ – እᅜᢞ㈨ᐙࡢࣜࢫࢡ
࡜⪃៖஦㡯
• ᅵᆅྲྀᚓࡢᅔ㞴ᛶࠋᅵᆅᡤ᭷⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿබṇ࡞⿵ൾ࡟㛵ࡍࡿྠ
ពࢆᚓࡿࡢ࡟ἲⓗ࡞㞀ᐖࡀ࠶ࡾ⤊ࢃࡾࡢぢ࠼࡞࠸ἲⓗ⣮தࢆࡶ
ࡓࡽࡍ
• ở⫋ࡣᨵၿࡋࡓࡀ౫↛࡜ࡋ࡚Ꮡᅾ
• つไࡢ☜ᐃᛶ୙㊊ࡀᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡍ㧗࠸ᢞ㈨ࣜࢫࢡ
• ୡ⏺㖟⾜ࡢPPIࢹ࣮ࢱࢭࢵࢺ࡟ࡼࢀࡤPPPࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢኻᩋ
௳ᩘẚ⋡ࡀ᭱ࡶ㧗࠸
• ࢖ࣥࢻࢿࢩ࢔ࡢ࢖ࣥࣇࣛ࡬ࡢᨭฟࡣᅜෆ⏕⏘ࡢ⣙2.3㸣࡟㐣ࡂ
ࡎࡇࡢᆅᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ௚ᅜࡢᨭฟࡼࡾࡶ࠿࡞ࡾప࠸
Source : Public Private Partnership (PPP) Investor’s Guide: What
private investors should know about investing in Indonesia’s
Infrastructure – Coordinating Ministry of Economic Affairs;
Source : Indonesia Investments website
68
Philippines - Overview
• Ranked the 8th country with the most ideal
environment for PPP projects by The 2011 Infrascope
• Types of implementation of PPP projects:
• Unsolicited mode
– Submitted by private sectors
– No direct government guarantee, subsidy or
equity is provided
• Solicited mode
– Identified by the government
– Government undertaking may be provided
69
ࣇ࢕ࣜࣆࣥ – ᴫせ
• 2011ᖺ∧ Infrascope࡟࠾࠸࡚PPPࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢࡓࡵ
I f
࡟࠾࠸࡚PPPࣉࣟࢪ ࢡࢺࡢࡓࡵ
ࡢ᭱ࡶ⌮᝿ⓗ࡞⎔ቃࢆഛ࠼ࡓ➨㸶␒┠ࡢᅜ࡟ࣛࣥࢡࡉ
ࢀࡓ
• PPPࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢᐇ᪋㢮ᆺ
• 㠀せㄳᆺࡢ㢮ᆺ
– Ẹ㛫㒊㛛࡟ࡼࡿᥦ᱌
– ┤᥋ࡢᨻᗓಖド㸪⿵ຓ㔠ཪࡣᣢศࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ
┤᥋ࡢᨻᗓಖド ⿵ຓ㔠ཪࡣᣢศࡣ࡞࠸
• せㄳᆺࡢ㢮ᆺ
– ᨻᗓ࡟ࡼࡿ≉ᐃ
– ᨻᗓಖドࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿ
70
Philippines – Recent Development in the
Legal framework
• Amendments made to the Build-Operate-Transfer Law –
Implementing Rules and Regulations
• Accelerated processing of PPP projects
• Clearer transparency measures in the bidding for and
award of projects
• Improved governance and accountability mechanisms
• Improved guidelines on unsolicited proposals
• Reviewed and streamlined processes in evaluation and
approval of projects
71
ࣇ࢕ࣜࣆࣥ – ㏆ᖺࡢἲไᗘࡢⓎᒎ
• ᘓタ࣭㐠Ⴀ࣭ㆡΏἲ㸪᪋⾜つ๎ཬࡧつไࡢᨵṇ
• PPPࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢฎ⌮ࡢಁ㐍
• ࡼࡾ㏱᫂ᗘࡢ㧗࠸ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢධᮐཬࡧⴠᮐࡢ᪉
ἲ
• ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫཬࡧ఍ィᡭἲࡢᨵၿ
• 㠀せㄳᆺ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ࢞࢖ࢻࣛ࢖ࣥࡢᨵၿ
• ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢホ౯ཬࡧᢎㄆᡭ⥆ࡢ෌᳨ウཬࡧྜ⌮໬
72
Philippines – Recent Development in the
Legal Framework (Cont’)
• Executive
E
ti O
Order
d No.8
N 8 (2010)
• Expanded mandate to cover all modes of PPP
Center’s
s role:
• Outlined PPP Center
– Provide advisory services
– Facilitate development of PPP projects
– Manage the PDMF
– Advocate policy reform
– Monitor implementation of PPP projects
• Proposed amendments:
– St
Strengthen
th the
th legal
l
lb
basis
i off th
the PDMF as a
revolving fund
73
ࣇ ࣜࣆࣥ – ㏆ᖺࡢἲไᗘࡢⓎᒎ(⥆)
ࣇ࢕ࣜࣆࣥ
• ኱⤫㡿௧➨8ྕ㸦2010ᖺ㸧
• ඲࡚ࡢ✀㢮ࡢPPPࢆ࢝ࣂ࣮ࡍࡿᣑ኱ࡉࢀࡓ࿨௧
PPPࢭࣥࢱ ࡢᙺ๭ࡢᴫせ㸸
• PPPࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢᙺ๭ࡢᴫせ㸸
– ຓゝࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࢆᥦ౪
– PPPࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢⓎᒎࢆಁ㐍
– PDMFࢆ㐠Ⴀ
– ᨻ⟇ᨵ㠉ࢆ᥎ዡ
– PPPࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢ㐍ᒎࢆ┘ど
• ᨵṇ᱌㸸
– PDMFࡢࣜ࣎ࣝࣅࣥࢢ
PDMFࡢࣜ࣎ࣝࣅࣥࢢ࣭ࣇ࢓ࣥࢻ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢἲⓗᇶ
ࣇ࢓ࣥࢻ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢἲⓗᇶ
┙ࢆᙉ໬
74
Philippines – Recent Development in the
Legal Framework (Cont’)
• Executive Order No.78 (2012)
• Mandated the inclusion of provisions on the use
of alternative dispute resolution mechanisms
procedure in
• Efficient tool and alternative p
achieving speedy and impartial justice
gg g of court dockets
• De-clogging
• More inviting climate for private investments:
– Less expensive dispute resolution
– Less complex dispute resolution
– Less time-consuming dispute resolution
75
ࣇ࢕ࣜࣆࣥ
ࣇ࢕ࣜ
ࣥ – ㏆ᖺࡢἲไᗘࡢⓎᒎ(⥆)
• ኱⤫㡿௧➨78ྕ 㸦2012ᖺ㸧
• ADRࡢ฼⏝࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᮲㡯ࢆໟྵࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ࿨௧
• ㎿㏿࠿ࡘබᖹ࡞⿢ุࡢ㐩ᡂ࡟ྥࡅࡓຠ⋡ⓗ࡞ᡭἲ
ཬࡧ௦᭰ⓗᡭ⥆
• ⿢ุᡤࡢッゴ஦௳ࡢ㛢ሰࡢゎᾘ
Ẹ㛫ᢞ㈨ࢆᣍ⮴
ࡍ ⎔ቃ
• Ẹ㛫ᢞ㈨ࢆᣍ⮴ࡋࡸࡍ࠸⎔ቃ
– ࡼࡾప㢠࡞⣮தゎỴ
– ࡼࡾ༢⣧࡞⣮தゎỴ
– ࡼࡾ▷᫬㛫࡛ࡢ⣮தゎỴ
76
Philippines – Current issues with PPP
Projects
• Delay in closing big-ticket infrastructure projects in the transport
PPP pipeline
• Primary reason:
– Lack of transparency between public and private parties
• Decreased interest from potential bidders due to high level of
risk from excessive delays in procurement and additional cost
resulting from local real property tax
• Wavering commitment from private sector investors
77
ࣇ࢕ࣜࣆࣥ
࢕ࣜ
– PPPࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢ
ࢡ
⌧ᅾࡢၥ㢟Ⅼ
• 㐍⾜୰ࡢ㍺㏦㛵㐃PPP࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㧗㢠ࡢ࢖ࣥࣇࣛࣉࣟࢪ࢙
ࢡࢺࡢ᏶஢ࡀ㐜ᘏࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ
• ୺࡞⌮⏤
– බⓗᶵ㛵࡜Ẹ㛫㒊㛛࡜ࡢ㛫࡛ࡢ㏱᫂ᛶࡢ୙㊊
• ㄪ㐩ࡢᴟ➃࡞㐜ᘏཬࡧᆅ᪉ࡢᅛᐃ㈨⏘⛯࡟㉳ᅉࡍࡿ㏣ຍ
㈝⏝ࡢⓎ⏕࡜࠸࠺㧗࠸ࣜࢫࢡࢆཎᅉ࡜ࡍࡿ₯ᅾⓗධᮐ⪅
ࡢ㛵ᚰࡢῶᑡ
• Ẹ㛫㒊㛛ࡢᢞ㈨ᐙࡀཧຍࢆ㌋㌉
78
Philippines – Eligible PPP Projects
• Power Plants
• Land Reclamation
• Highways/Roads
• Solid Waste Management
• Railroads & Railways
• Tourism Facilities
• Ports
• Education
• Airports
• Health Facilities
• Transport Systems
• Industrial & Tourism Estates
• Telecommunications
• Markets,, Warehouses,,
Slaughterhouses
• ICT Systems/Facilities
• Agriculture
g
• Canals, Dams, Irrigation
• Housing, Government Buildings
• Other Infrastructure/ Development
Projects/ Systems
• Water Supply
Source :The Philippine PPP Program & The Role of the PPP
Center – by the PPP Center of the Philippines
79
ࣇ࢕ࣜࣆࣥ
ࣆ – 㐺᱁PPPࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ
㐺᱁
ࣉ ࢪ ࢡ
• Ⓨ㟁ᡤ
• ᅵᆅ㐀ᡂ
• 㧗㏿㐨㊰ / 㐨㊰
• ᅛᙧᗫᲠ≀⟶⌮
• 㕲㐨
• ほග᪋タ
•  ‴
• ᩍ⫱
• ✵ 
• ೺ᗣ᪋タ
• ㍺㏦ࢩࢫࢸ࣒
• ⏘ᴗ㸪ほග㈨⏘
• ㏻ಙ
• ᕷሙ㸪಴ᗜ㸪㣗⫗ゎయฎ⌮ሙ
• ICT ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ / タഛ
• ఫᏯ㸪ᨻᗓᘓ⠏≀
• ㎰ᴗ
• ࡑࡢ௚࢖ࣥࣇࣛ㸪㛤Ⓨࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡ
ࢺ㸪ไᗘ
• 㐠Ἑ, ࢲ࣒, ℺₅
• Ỉ㐨
Source :The Philippine PPP Program & The Role of the PPP
Center – by the PPP Center of the Philippines
80
Philippines – PPP Projects in the Pipeline
Sector
Energy
gy
Airports
Number of Cost of Projects
Projects (in Million in USD)
1
425
Roads
4
1 977
1,977
Buildings
4
806
15
Airports
Railroads
Roads
Buildings
Water Supply
27%
700
2
Total
13%
27%
To be decided
Railroads
2
Energy
13%
2,100
,
2
Water
supply
13% 7%
To be decided
20%
1,000
,
40%
In planning
In tender
40%
Project
awarded
To be decided
7,008 + TBD
Source : Compiled from InfraPPP World and PPP Center of the
Republic of Philippines
81
ࣇ࢕ࣜࣆࣥ – 㐍⾜୰ࡢPPPࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ
㒊㛛
ࣉࣟࢪ࢙
ࢡࢺᩘ
ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ㈝⏝
(100୓⡿ࢻࣝ)
࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮
1
2,100
✵ 
425
2
㐨㊰
4
1,977
ᘓ⠏≀
4
806
ィ
15
13%
27%
✵ 
Airports
㕲㐨
Railroads
㐨㊰
Roads
ᘓ⠏≀
Buildings
Ỉ㐨 Supply
Water
27%
700
2
2
࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮
Energy
13%
ᮍ☜ᐃ
㕲㐨
Ỉ㐨
13% 7%
ᮍ☜ᐃ
1,000
ᮍỴᐃ
7,008 + ᮍ☜ᐃ
Source : Compiled from InfraPPP World and PPP Center of the
Republic of Philippines
82
20%
40%
40%
Inィ⏬୰
planning
Inධᮐ୰
tender
Ⓨὀ῭
Project
awarded
Philippines– Risk for Foreign Investors
• High corruption levels due to weak rule of law and justice
system
• Government’s ineffectiveness in implementing policies
pp
of laws and regulations
g
• Inconsistent application
• Difficulties in maintaining good relations with local officials
• Enforceability of long-term contracts through leadership
transitions is a major concern for private sector
• Complex legal procedures around constitutional limits on
foreign ownership in certain sectors
• Security threats
Source: A S.W.O.T. Study of Asia’s Emerging Countries (2011);
IMF Country Report Article IV Consultation (2013)
83
ࣇ࢕ࣜࣆࣥ– እᅜᢞ㈨ᐙࡢࣜࢫࢡ
• ἲࡢᨭ㓄ཬࡧྖἲไᗘࡀ㈋ᙅ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡿ㧗࠸ở⫋
Ỉ‽
• ᨻ⟇ᐇ⾜࡟ᑐࡍࡿᨻᗓࡢ㠀ຠ⋡
• ୍㈏ᛶࡢ࡞࠸ἲᚊཬࡧつ๎ࡢ㐺⏝
• ᆅ᪉බົဨ࡜Ⰻዲ࡞㛵ಀ⥔ᣢࡢᅔ㞴ᛶ
• ᣦᑟ⪅ࡢኚ㑄࡟ᙳ㡪ࡉࢀ࡞࠸㛗ᮇ㛫ዎ⣙ࡢἲⓗᇳ⾜ྍ⬟
ᛶࡀẸ㛫㒊㛛࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡢ኱ࡁ࡞㛵ᚰ஦
• ≉ᐃ㒊㛛࡟࠾ࡅࡿእᅜேᡤ᭷ẚ⋡ࡢ᠇ἲୖࡢไ㝈࡟㉳ᅉ
ࡍࡿ」㞧࡞ἲⓗᡭ⥆
• Ᏻ඲ಖ㞀ୖࡢ⬣ጾ
Source: A S.W.O.T. Study of Asia’s Emerging Countries (2011);
IMF Country Report Article IV Consultation (2013)
84
Thailand – Overview
• According to the Global Competitiveness Report 20112012, Thailand’s infrastructure is ranked 42nd out of 142
countries indicating that infrastructure is developing
developing, but
that there remains room for improvement.
• Due to the recent enactment of the new PPP law
law, PPP
projects are expected to play an important role in
implementing the newly announced 5.5 trillion baht (~20%
of Thailand’s GDP, ~USD 170 billion) government
investment plan in infrastructure over the next seven
years (2013-2020)
(2013 2020).
• PDF will be established by the Ministry of Finance in the
new PPP law to provide seed money for new projects.
Source :CLC Asia; Ministry of Finance; Global Competitiveness
Report 2011-2012
85
ࢱ࢖ – ᴫせ
• ୡ⏺➇தຊ࣏࣮ࣞࢺ㸦2011-2012㸧࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪 ࢱ࢖ࡢ࢖
ࣥࣇࣛࡣ㸪142࠿ᅜ୰➨42఩࡟఩⨨ࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࡣ࢖ࣥࣇࣛࡀ
Ⓨ㐩ࡋ࡚ࡁ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢᨵၿࡢవᆅࡀṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜
ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ
• ᭱㏆ࡢ᪂PPPἲࡢไᐃ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪PPPࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡣ᪂ࡓ
࡟Ⓨ⾲ࡉࢀࡓ 5.5඙ࣂ࣮ࢶ㸦ࢱ࢖ࡢGDPࡢ20%㸪1700൨
⡿ࢻࣝ㸧࡟ཬࡪྥࡇ࠺7ᖺ㛫㸦2013-2020㸧 ࡢ࢖ࣥࣇࣛ࡬
ࡢᨻᗓᢞ㈨ࣉࣟࢪ ࢡࢺࢆᐇ᪋ࡍࡿࡢ࡟㔜せ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᢸ
ࡢᨻᗓᢞ㈨ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࢆᐇ᪋ࡍࡿࡢ࡟㔜せ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᢸ
࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
• ᪂PPPἲ࡛ࡣ᪂ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢ㈨㔠ࢆ౪⤥ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㈈
ົ┬࡟ PDF ࡀタ⨨ࡉࢀࡿ
Source :CLC Asia; Ministry of Finance; Global Competitiveness
Report 2011-2012
86
Thailand – Recent Development in the
Legal Framework
• Thailand has passed the new PPP law (effective from 4
April 2013 onwards), Private Investment in State
U d t ki A
Undertaking
Actt B.E.
B E 2556,
2556 replacing
l i the
th 1992 ACT
ACT,
Private Investment in State Undertaking Act B.E. 2535
• Provides a PPP “Master
Master Plan”
Plan
• Sets out clearer procedure for private investors
• Streamlines approval process
• Encourages large-scale PPP projects
Source :CLC Asia; Ministry of Finance; infrastructure journal
87
ࢱ࢖ –– ㏆ᖺࡢἲไᗘࡢⓎᒎ
㏆ᖺ ἲไᗘ Ⓨᒎ
• ࢱ࢖࡛ࡣ᪂PPPἲ㸪ᅜᐙ஦ᴗ࡟࠾ࡅࡿẸ㛫ᢞ㈨ἲB.E.
2556ࡀᡂ❧㸦2013ᖺ4᭶ࡼࡾ᪋⾜㸧ࡋ㸪1992ᖺἲࡢᅜᐙ
஦ᴗ࡟࠾ࡅࡿẸ㛫ᢞ㈨ἲB E 2535࠿ࡽ௦⨨ࡉࢀࡓ
஦ᴗ࡟࠾ࡅࡿẸ㛫ᢞ㈨ἲB.E.
• PPPࠕᇶᮏィ⏬ࠖࢆᐃࡵࡿ
• Ẹ㛫ᢞ㈨ᐙ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡼࡾ᫂☜࡞ᡭ⥆ࢆつᐃࡍࡿ
• ᢎㄆᡭ⥆ࢆຠ⋡໬ࡍࡿ
• ኱つᶍPPPࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࢆዡບࡍࡿ
Source :CLC Asia; Ministry of Finance; infrastructure journal
88
Thailand – Recent Development in the
Legal Framework (Cont’)
• The new PPP law promotes public private partnership by
providing:
• A comprehensive institutional and regulatory
framework
• Methodology for risk allocation and/or project
evaluation
• Value for money analysis
• Contract management
• Central agency that oversees investments
Source :CLC Asia; Ministry of Finance
89
ࢱ࢖ –㏆ᖺࡢἲไᗘࡢⓎᒎ(⥆)
㏆ᖺࡢἲไᗘࡢⓎᒎ(⥆)
• ᪂PPPἲࡣୗグࡢෆᐜࢆつᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾᐁẸ
ࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ㸦PPP㸧ࢆಁ㐍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ
• ໟᣓⓗ࡞ᶵ㛵ཬࡧつไࡢᯟ⤌ࡳ
• ࣜࢫࢡศ㓄ཬࡧ / ཪࡣ஦ᴗホ౯ࡢࡓࡵࡢ᪉ἲ
• ㈝⏝ᑐຠᯝࡢศᯒ
• ዎ⣙⟶⌮
• ᢞ㈨ࢆ┘╩ࡍࡿ୰ኸᶵ㛵
Source :CLC Asia; Ministry of Finance
90
Thailand – Breakdown of 55.55 tr Baht
Government Spending plans
• On budget items include:
small road projects and
normall maintenance
i t
sourced
d
from general revenue
• Connectivity infrastructure
predominantly includes: high
speed
rail, mass transit and
p
roads
7%
On budget
investment
32%
Connectivity
Infrastructure
61%
Water
Management
• Flood Management Schemes
Source :CLC Asia; Ministry of Finance; Credit Suisse
91
ࢱ࢖ – 5.5඙ࣂ
5 5඙ࣂ࣮ࢶᨻᗓᨭฟ஦ᴗࡢ
ࢶᨻᗓᨭฟ஦ᴗࡢ
ᴫせ
• ண⟬ෆࡢ㡯┠ࡣ௨ୗࡢࡶࡢࢆ
ྵࡴ: ᑠつᶍ㐨㊰ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ
ཬࡧ ⯡ṓධࢆ㈈※ࡍࡿ㏻ᖖ
ཬࡧ୍⯡ṓධࢆ㈈※ࡍࡿ㏻ᖖ
ࡢ⥔ᣢ⟶⌮
• ஺㏻࢖ࣥࣇࣛࡢ୺࡞ࡶࡢࡣ௨
ୗࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸸㧗㏿㕲㐨㸪
බඹ஺㏻ཬࡧ㐨㊰
• ὥỈ⟶⌮ࢫ࣮࣒࢟
Source :CLC Asia; Ministry of Finance; Credit Suisse
92
7%
ண⟬ෆᢞ㈨
32%
஺㏻࢖ࣥࣇࣛ
61%
Ỉ⟶⌮
Thailand – PPP Projects in the pipeline
• Projects implemented in the past under the 1992 ACT were
mostly in the transport sector, e.g. Sri-Rat Expressway (BTO),
Donmuang Tollway (BTO),
(BTO) Bangkok Skytrain (BOT),
(BOT) Mass
Rapid Transit-Blue Line (BTO), Mass Rapid Transit-Purple Line
(PPP Gross Costs), Catering and Ground Services in the
S
Suvarnabhumi
bh i Airport
Ai
t (BTO)
• Forthcoming projects which are under preparation for PPP are:
• Mass Rapid Transit – (Green and Blue Lines extensions)
• Inter-city Bang Pra In – Nakhon Ratchasima Motorway
• Bang Yai – Kanchanaburi Motorway
• Coastal Port at Lam Cha-Bang, etc.
Source :CLC Asia; ERIA; Ministry of Finance; Credit Suisse
93
ࢱ࢖ – 㐍⾜୰ࡢPPPࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ
• 㐣ཤ1992ᖺἲୗ࡛ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡓࣉࣟࢪ
㐣ཤ1992ᖺἲୗ࡛ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡓࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡣ኱㒊ศࡀ஺
ࢡࢺࡣ኱㒊ศࡀ஺
㏻㒊㛛࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ
• ౛㸸Sri
౛㸸Sri-Rat
Rat 㧗㏿㐨㊰㸦BTO㸧,
㧗㏿㐨㊰㸦BTO㸧 Donmuang ᭷ᩱ㐨㊰㸦BTO㸧,
᭷ᩱ㐨㊰㸦BTO㸧 ࣂ
ࣥࢥࢡ࣭ࢫ࢝࢖ࢺࣞ࢖ࣥ㸦BOT㸧, බඹ㧗㏿஺㏻-ࣈ࣮ࣝࣛ࢖ࣥ
㸦BTO㸧, බඹ㧗㏿஺㏻-ࣃ࣮ࣉࣝࣛ࢖ࣥ㸦PPP Gross Costs㸧, ࢫ
࣡ࣥࢼࣉ ࣒ᅜ㝿✵ ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢣ ࢱࣜࣥࢢཬࡧᆅୖࢧ ࣅࢫ
࣡ࣥࢼࣉ࣮࣒ᅜ㝿✵ ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢣ࣮ࢱࣜࣥࢢཬࡧᆅୖࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ
㸦BT㸧
• ௒ᚋ㐙⾜ࡉࢀࡿணᐃࡢ‽ഛ୰ࡢPPPࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ
• බඹ஺㏻ᶵ㛵 –㸦ࢢ࣮ࣜࣥཬࡧࣈ࣮ࣝࣛ࢖ࣥࡢᣑᙇ㸧
• 㒔ᕷ㛫ࣂ࣮ࣥࣉࣛ࢖ࣥ – ࢼࢥࣥࣛࢳࣕࢩ࣐⮬ື㌴㐨㊰
• ࣂࣥࣖ࢖ – ࣮࢞ࣥࢳࣕࢼࣈ࣮ࣜ⮬ື㌴㐨㊰
• ࣒ࣞࢳࣕࣂࣥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ ‴ᴗົ➼
Source : CLC Asia; ERIA; Ministry of Finance; Credit Suisse
94
Thailand – Likelihood of government
infrastructure projects being implemented
Source :CLC Asia (2013); Ministry of Finance (2013); Credit Suisse (2013)
95
ࢱ࢖ – ᨻᗓ࢖ࣥࣇࣛ஦ᴗࡢᐇ᪋ྍ⬟ᛶ
ྍ⬟ᛶ
 ‴ᣑᙇ 㻔㻟㻟㼎㼚㻕
ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜㧗䛔
䝞䞁䝁䜽බඹ஺㏻ᶵ㛵㻔㻠㻠㻡㼎㼚㻕
ᑠつᶍỈ㐨஦ᴗ
㻔㻝㻜㻜㼎㼚㻕
㧗㏿㐨㊰ 㻔㻞㻠㻟㼎㼚㻕
」⥺ᕤ஦㻔㻝㻟㻥㼎㼚㻕
ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜ప䛔
୺せ䛺Ỉ䜲䞁䝣䝷㻔㻞㻟㻜㼎㼚㻕
㼇䝎䝮 ὥỈ≌ไ➼㼉
㼇䝎䝮㻘㻌ὥỈ≌ไ➼㼉
㧗㏿ิ㌴
㻔㻥㻣㻜㼎㼚㻕
Source :CLC Asia (2013); Ministry of Finance (2013); Credit Suisse (2013)
96
ண⟬ぢ✚䜒䜚
㻔㼀㻴㻮㻌㼎㼚㻕
Thailand – Risk for Foreign Investors
• The new PPP unit may become a incompetent
gatekeeper for infrastructure investments because of
potential
t ti l iinternal
t
l power plays
l
• Long time for the government to provide detailed
investment guidelines for investors
• Lack of institutional capacity to implement reforms
• Political instability
• Potential negative impact on current account balance
from infrastructure spending
Source: CLC Asia; Credit Suisse
97
ࢱ࢖ – እᅜᢞ㈨ᐙࡢࣜࢫࢡ
• ᪂PPPࣘࢽࢵࢺࡣ₯ᅾⓗ࡞ᅜෆ㜚தࡢࡓࡵ࡟࢖ࣥࣇࣛᢞ
㈨ࡢ↓⬟࡞㛛␒࡜࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ
• ᨻᗓࡀᢞ㈨ᐙ࡟ヲ⣽࡞ᢞ㈨࢞࢖ࢻࣛ࢖ࣥࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡓࡵ
࡟࠿࠿ࡿ㛗࠸᫬㛫
• ᨵ㠉ࢆᐇ⾜ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢไᗘ㠃࡛ࡢ୙㊊
• ᨻ἞ࡢ୙Ᏻᐃ
• ࢖ࣥࣇࣛᨭฟ࡟ࡼࡿ⌧ᅾࡢ఍ィṧ㧗࡟ᑐࡍࡿ₯ᅾⓗ࡞ᾘ
ᴟⓗᙳ㡪
Source: CLC Asia; Credit Suisse
98
Malaysia – Overview
• 10th Malaysia Plan (2011 – 2015)
• The Government laid out 52 projects with an estimated
value of RM62.7 billion (~USD 19.1 billion)
• The private sector is encouraged to invest in development
projects
j t th
through
h PPP
• A Facilitation Fund was created with allocation of RM20
billion (~USD
( USD 6.4
6 4 billion)
– An allocation of RM5 billion (~USD 1.6 billion) is set
aside to finance land acquisition
q
for highway
g
yp
projects
j
implemented via PPP approach
Source: ‘Tenth Malaysia Plan’ - The Economic Planning Unit
Prime Minister’s Department
Putrajaya
2010
99
࣐࣮ࣞࢩ࢔ – ᴫせ
• ➨10ḟ࣐࣮ࣞࢩ࢔ ィ⏬㸦2011 – 2015㸧
• ᨻᗓࡣ㸪ぢ✚㢠ࢆ627 ൨RM㸦࣐࣮ࣞࢩ࢔࣭ࣜࣥࢠࢵࢺ㸧
㸦191൨ ⡿ࢻࣝ㸧 ࡜ࡍࡿ52஦ᴗࢆィ⏬ࡋࡓ
• Ẹ㛫㒊㛛ࡣPPPࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚Ⓨᒎ஦ᴗ࡟ᢞ㈨ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆዡບࡉ
ࢀࡿ
• ಁ㐍ࣇ࢓ࣥࢻࡀ200൨RM㸦64൨⡿ࢻࣝ㸧ࡢ๭ᙜ࡚ࢆཷࡅ࡚
๰タࡉࢀࡓ
– ๭ᙜ࡚50൨RM㸦16൨⡿ࢻࣝ㸧ࡣPPP࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ᐇ᪋
ࡉࢀࡿ㧗㏿஦ᴗࡢࡓࡵࡢᅵᆅࡢྲྀᚓ㈨㔠࡜ࡋ࡚☜ಖࡉࢀ࡚࠸
ࡿ
Source: ‘Tenth Malaysia Plan’ - The Economic Planning Unit
Prime Minister’s Department
Putrajaya
2010
100
Malaysia – Governmental Involvement
• Public Private Partnership Unit “3PU”:
• Accountable to the Prime Minister
• Also known as Unit Kejasama Awan Swasta (UKAS)
• Core agency with the responsibility to coordinate the
Privatisation and the PPP projects:
– Re-affirms its position as a central agency within the
country’s administrative framework and a reflection of
strong political commitment to the PPP program
– Responsible for promoting
promoting, planning
planning, coordinating
coordinating,
controlling, monitoring, facilitating and ensuring the
effectiveness of PPP projects
Source: ‘Tenth Malaysia Plan’ - The Economic Planning Unit
Prime Minister’s Department
Putrajaya
2010
101
࣐࣮ࣞࢩ࢔ – ᨻᗓࡢ㛵୚
• ᐁẸࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ㸦PPP㸧ࣘࢽࢵࢺ – 3PU
• ⥲⌮኱⮧࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ㄝ᫂㈐௵࠶ࡾ
• ⤒῭ィ⏬ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸦Unit Kejasama Awan Swasta㸧
㸦UKAS㸧࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
• ẸႠ໬ཬࡧPPPࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࢆㄪᩚࡍࡿ㈐௵࠶ࡿ୰ᚰᶵ㛵
ࣉ
– ᅜࡢ⾜ᨻᯟ⤌ࡳࡢ୰࡛ࡢ୰ᚰᶵ㛵࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ఩⨨࡙ࡅཬࡧPPP
ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ࡬ࡢᙉຊ࡞ᨻ἞ⓗ㛵୚ࢆ෌☜ㄆࡍࡿ
– PPP஦ᴗࡢಁ㐍㸪ィ⏬㸪ㄪᩚ㸪⟶⌮㸪ᰝᐃ㸪෇⁥໬ཬࡧຠᯝ
ࡢ☜ಖ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㈐௵
Source: ‘Tenth Malaysia Plan’ - The Economic Planning Unit
Prime Minister’s Department
Putrajaya
2010
102
Malaysia – Foreign Ownership for land
and buildings
• There is no restriction for foreigners to own land and
b ildi
buildings
exceptt ffor th
the ffollowing
ll i categories:
t
i
• Malay Reserve Land
• Real estate valued less than RM500,000 (~USD 161,000)
per unit
• Low
L
costt houses
h
• Real estate reserved by state authority for bumiputera
interest in any development project
Source: PPP Comparative Table, Economic Research
Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA), February 2013
103
࣐࣮ࣞࢩ࢔ – ᅵᆅ࣭ᘓ⠏≀ࡢእᅜ㈨ᮏ
• ୗグࡢ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࢆ㝖ࡁእᅜேࡀᅵᆅཬࡧᘓ⠏≀ࢆᡤ᭷
ࡍࡿࡢ࡟ไ㝈ࡣ࡞࠸
• ࣐࣮ࣞಖ␃ᆅ
༢఩
,
㸦161,000⡿ࢻࣝ㸧
㸦
,
⡿ࢻࣝ㸧 ᮍ‶ࡢ౯್ࡢ୙ື⏘
• 1༢఩500,000RM
• ప౯᱁ࡢᐙᒇ
• ࠶ࡽࡺࡿⓎᒎ஦ᴗ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࣈ࣑ࣉࢺࣛࡢ฼┈ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ᕞᙜ
ᒁ࡟ࡼࡾಖ␃࣭ಖㆤࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ୙ື⏘
Source: PPP Comparative Table, Economic Research
Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA), February 2013
104
Malaysia – Identified PPP Projects for the
“10th Malaysia Plan”
• Key themes of the current “10th Malaysia Plan” center around:
• Improvement of basic infrastructure
• Upg
Upgrading
ad g o
of pub
public
c transportation
a spo a o in G
Greater
ea e Kuala
ua a Lumpur
u pu
Roads
• West Coast Expressway
• Guthrie-Damansara Expressway
• Sungai Juru Expressway
• Paroi-Senawang-KLIA Expressway
• Ampang-Cheras-Pandan Elevated Highway
Transport
• Mass Rapid Transit in Greater Kuala Lumpur
• East Coast Rail Route (currently under feasibility study)
• Integrated
I t
t d Transport
T
t Terminal
T
i l in
i Gombak,
G b k Selangor
S l
• Two coal electricity generation plants
• 300-megawatt combined-cycle gas power plant in Kimanis, Sabah
• Liquefied natural gas regasification in Malacca
Power
Ed cation
Education
Health
• Five Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) branch campuses
• Education hub in Pagoh, Johor
• Women and Children’s Hospital
• International Islamic University Malaysia Teaching Hospital
Source: ERIA PPP Country Profile
Report, dated 1 March 2013
105
࣐ࣞ ࢩ࢔ – ࠕ➨10ḟ࣐ࣞ
࣐࣮ࣞࢩ࢔
ࠕ➨10ḟ࣐࣮ࣞࢩ࢔ィ
ࢩ࢔ィ
⏬࡛ࠖ≉ᐃࡉࢀࡓPPPࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ
• ➨10ḟ࣐࣮ࣞࢩ࢔ィ⏬ࡢ㔜せࢸ࣮࣐ࡣ௨ୗࡢ஦㡯ࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡍࡿ
• ᇶ♏ⓗ࢖ࣥࣇࣛࡢᨵၿ
• ࢡ࢔ࣛࣝࣥࣉ
ࢡ࢔ࣛࣝࣥࣉ࣮ࣝ㤳㒔ᅪࡢබඹ஺㏻ᶵ㛵ࡢ࢔ࢵࣉࢢ࣮ࣞࢻ
ࣝ㤳㒔ᅪࡢබඹ஺㏻ᶵ㛵ࡢ࢔ࢵࣉࢢࣞ ࢻ
㐨㊰
•
•
•
•
•
஺㏻ᶵ㛵
• 䜽䜰䝷䝹䞁䝥䞊䝹㤳㒔ᅪ䛻䛚䛡䜛බඹ㧗㏿஺㏻
• ᮾᾏᓊ䛾㕲㐨䝹䞊䝖䠄⌧ᅾ䠈ᐇ⌧ྍ⬟ᛶ䜢ㄪᰝ୰䠅
• 䝂䞁䝞䝑䜽䠈䝉䝷䞁䝂䞊䝹䛻䛚䛡䜛⥲ྜ஺㏻䝍䞊䝭䝘䝹㥐
㟁ຊ
• 㻞䛛ᡤ䛾▼ⅣⓎ㟁ᡤ
• 㻷㼕㼙㼍㼚㼕㼟䠈㻿㼍㼎㼍㼔䛻䛚䛡䜛㻟㻜㻜䝯䜺䝽䝑䝖䛾」ྜ䝃䜲䜽䝹䜺䝇ⅆຊⓎ㟁ᡤ
• 䝬䝷䝑䜹䛻䛚䛡䜛ᾮ໬ኳ↛䜺䝇䠄㻸㻺㻳䠅䛾෌䜺䝇໬
ᩍ⫱
• 䝬䝷ᕤ⛉኱Ꮫ䛾㻡䛴䛾䝤䝷䞁䝏䜻䝱䞁䝟䝇㻔㼁㼕㼀㻹㻕㻌
• 䝆䝵䝩䞊䝹ᕞ䛾㻼㼍㼓㼛㼔䛻䛚䛡䜛ᩍ⫱ᣐⅬ
• ዪᛶཬ䜃Ꮚ౪ྥ䛡䛾⑓㝔
• 䝬䝺䞊䝅䜰ᅜ㝿䜲䝇䝷䝮኱Ꮫ௜ᒓ⑓㝔
೺ᗣ
Source: ERIA PPP Country Profile
Report, dated 1 March 2013
すᾏᓊ㧗㏿㐨㊰
㻳㼡㼠㼔㼞㼕㼑㻙㻰㼍㼙㼍㼚㼟㼍㼞㼍㧗㏿㐨㊰
㼓
㧗㏿㐨㊰
㻿㼡㼚㼓㼍㼕㻌㻶㼡㼞㼡㧗㏿㐨㊰
㻼㼍㼞㼛㼕㻙㻿㼑㼚㼍㼣㼍㼚㼓㻙㻷㻸㻵㻭㧗㏿㐨㊰
㻭㼙㼜㼍㼚㼓㻙㻯㼔㼑㼞㼍㼟㻙㻼㼍㼚㼐㼍㼚㧗ᯫᖿ⥺㐨㊰
106
Malaysia – PPP Projects in the Pipeline
Sector
Number of Cost of Projects
Projects (in Million in USD)
Energy
1
450
Railroads
2
16,080
Roads
1
2,000
Buildings
3
8 605
8,605
Total
7
27,135
14%
Energy
43%
Railroads
29%
Roads
Buildings
14%
Source : Compiled from PWC
107
࣐࣮ࣞࢩ࢔
࣐ࣞ
ࢩ࢔ – 㐍⾜୰ࡢPPPࣉࣟࢪ࢙
㐍⾜୰ࡢPPPࣉࣟࢪ
ࢡࢺ
㒊㛛
ࣉࣟࢪ࢙
ࢡࢺᩘ
ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ㈝⏝
(ⓒ୓⡿ࢻࣝ)
࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮
1
450
㕲㐨
2
16,080
㐨㊰
1
2,000
ᘓ⠏≀
3
8 605
8,605
ྜィ
7
27,135
Source : Compiled from PWC
108
14%
࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮
Energy
43%
㕲㐨
Railroads
29%
㐨㊰
Roads
ᘓ⠏≀
Buildings
14%
Malaysia – Risks for Foreign Investors
• Second highest ratio of failure to number of projects
according to the World Bank PPI dataset
• Land acquisition risk is significant
• Political instability causing delays of project
approvals and permits
• Interest rate volatility
• Operation risk due to improper measurement, ill
planned schedule and low operation efficiency
resulting in cost overruns
Source : International Journal of Sustainable Construction
Engineering & Technology Vol 2, Issue 2, December 2011, Risk
Allocation in Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Project: A Review
on Risk Factors, Nur Alkaf Abd Karim
109
࣐࣮ࣞࢩ࢔ – እᅜᢞ㈨ᐙࡢࣜࢫࢡ
• ୡ⏺㖟⾜PPIࢹ࣮ࢱࢭࢵࢺ࡟ࡼࢀࡤࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢኻ
ᩋ௳ᩘẚ⋡ࡀ2␒┠࡟㧗࠸
• ᅵᆅྲྀᚓࣜࢫࢡࡀ㔜኱
• ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢᢎㄆཬࡧチྍࡢ㐜ᘏࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡍᨻ
἞ⓗ୙Ᏻᐃ
• 㔠฼ࡢ஘㧗ୗ
• ண⟬㉸㐣ࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡍ୙㐺ษ࡞ 㔞㸪ィ⏬ᛶࡢ࡞࠸
ࢫࢣࢪࣗ ࣝཬࡧప࠸సᴗຠ⋡࡟ࡼࡿᴗົࣜࢫࢡ
ࢫࢣࢪ࣮ࣗࣝཬࡧప࠸సᴗຠ⋡࡟ࡼࡿᴗົࣜࢫࢡ
Source : International Journal of Sustainable Construction
Engineering & Technology Vol 2, Issue 2, December 2011, Risk
Allocation in Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Project: A Review
on Risk Factors, Nur Alkaf Abd Karim
110
Vietnam – Overview
• The Vietnamese economy has been growing steadily
since 1988
• Its GDP growth rate has been in the range 5% to
9.5% per annum despite various fluctuations of
the international economy such as the Asian
Financial Crisis and the Lehman Shock
• According to the Ministry of Planning and Investment
(MPI), the estimated necessary capital for
i f t t
infrastructure
construction
t ti in
i Vietnam
Vi t
b
by 2020 iis
calculated as USD 400 billion, of which half is
planned to be mobilised from the private sector
111
࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ – ᴫせ
• ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒⤒῭ࡣ1988ᖺ௨㝆╔ᐇ࡟ᡂ㛗ࢆᣢ⥆
• ࢔ࢪ࢔㏻㈌༴ᶵࡸࣜ
࢔ࢪ࢔㏻㈌༴ᶵࡸ࣮࣐ࣜࣥࢩࣙࢵࢡࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᅜ㝿
࣐ࣥࢩࣙࢵࢡࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᅜ㝿
⤒῭ࡢኚື࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎ㸪࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ࡢGDPᡂ
㛗⋡ࡣᖺ㛫5㸣࠿ࡽ9.5㸣࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ
• ィ⏬࣭ᢞ㈨┬㸦MPI㸧࡟ࡼࡿ࡜2020ᖺࡲ࡛ࡢ࣋ࢺࢼ
࣒ࡢ࢖ࣥࣇࣛᵓ⠏࡟ᚲせ࡞㈨㔠ࡢぢ㎸㢠ࡣ4඙⡿ࢻࣝ
࡜⟬ᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ༙ศࡀẸ㛫㒊㛛࠿ࡽᣐฟࡉ
ࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀィ⏬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
112
Vietnam – Regulatory Framework
• Ministry of Planning and Investment
• Coordinating ministry
• Gathers opinions from relevant authorities and
reporting to the Prime Minister for approval
• Advisor for investors preparing a PPP project
• Steering Committee on investments in the forms of
PPP
• Assist in formulating and commencing projects
113
࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ – つไࡢᯟ⤌ࡳ
• ィ⏬࣭ᢞ㈨┬
• ㄪᩚ┬ᗇ
• 㛵ಀᐁᗇ࠿ࡽࡢពぢ⫈ྲྀཬࡧᢎㄆࢆᚓࡿࡓࡵ㤳┦
࡬ࡢሗ࿌
• PPPࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࢆ‽ഛࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᢞ㈨ᐙྥࡅࡢ࢔
ࢻࣂ࢖ࢨ
ࢻࣂ࢖ࢨ࣮
• PPP࡟ࡼࡿᢞ㈨࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㐠Ⴀጤဨ఍
• ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢ❧ୖࡆཬࡧ㛤ጞࡢᨭ᥼
114
Vietnam – Government Support
• A state capital of up to 30% of the total investment
capital of the PPP projects can be granted
• On a case to case basis, foreign exchange may be
guaranteed
• Compared to a normal Corporate Income Tax rate of
25%, most PPP projects are given a 10% Corporate
I
Income
Tax
T for
f 15 years or project
j
d
duration,
i
exemption
i
for first 4 years, and half reduction for 5 to 9 years
• M
Mostt PPP projects
j t are exemptt from
f
Land
L d use fee
f for
f
project duration
Sources – Vietnam’s Country Profile by ERIA
115
࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ – ᨻᗓᨭ᥼
• PPPࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢ⥲ᢞ㈨㈨ᮏࡢ࠺ࡕୖ㝈30㸣ࡲ࡛ࡢᅜ
ᐙ㈨ᮏ࡟ࡼࡿ᥼ຓ
ࢣ ࢫ ࣂ࢖ ࢣ ࢫ࡛እᅜⅭ᭰ࡢಖドࡢྍ⬟ᛶ
• ࢣ࣮ࢫ࣭ࣂ࢖࣭ࢣ࣮ࢫ࡛እᅜⅭ᭰ࡢಖドࡢྍ⬟ᛶ
• ㏻ᖖࡢἲே⛯ࡀ25㸣࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪኱㒊ศࡢPPPࣉ
ࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡛ࡣ15ᖺ㛫ཪࡣࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺᮇ㛫୰ࡢἲே⛯
ࡣ10㸣㸪᭱ึࡢ4ᖺ㛫ࡣච⛯㸪5ᖺ┠࠿ࡽ9ᖺ┠ࡢ⛯⋡ࡣ༙
ῶ
• ኱㒊ศࡢPPPࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺᮇ㛫୰
ࡢᅵᆅ฼⏝ᩱࡣච㝖
Sources – Vietnam’s Country Profile by ERIA
116
Vietnam – Encouraged Sectors
• The PPP framework specifies the following sectors
for pilot investment:
• Roads, road bridges and tunnels and ferry landings for road traffic
• Railways, railway bridges and railway tunnels
• Traffic
T ffi in
i urban
b area
• Airports, seaports and river ports
• Clean water supply
pp y systems
y
• Power plants
• Health (hospitals)
• Environment (waste treatment plants)
• Other projects for infrastructure development and/or provision of public services as
decided by the Prime Minister
Sources – Vietnam’s Country Profile by ERIA
117
࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ – ᢞ㈨ዡບ㒊㛛
• PPPࡢᯟ⤌ࡳ࡟࠾࠸࡚௨ୗࡢ㒊㛛ࡀᢞ㈨ዡບ㒊㛛࡜ࡋ࡚
ᣦᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
• 㐨㊰㸪ᶫ㸪ࢺࣥࢿࣝ㸪㐨㊰஺㏻࡟⧅ࡀࡿࣇ࢙࣮ࣜⓎ╔ሙ
• 㕲㐨㸪㕲ᶫ㸪㕲㐨⏝ࢺࣥࢿࣝ
• ᕷ⾤ᆅ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ஺㏻
• ✵ 㸪 ‴㸪Ἑ 
✵   ‴ Ἑ 
• ίỈ౪⤥ࢩࢫࢸ࣒
• Ⓨ㟁タഛ
• ೺ᗣ㸦⑓㝔㸧
• ⎔ቃ㸦ࡈࡳฎ⌮ሙ㸧
• 㤳┦࡟ࡼࡾỴᐃࡉࢀࡓ࢖
㤳┦࡟ࡼࡾỴᐃࡉࢀࡓ࢖ࣥࣇࣛࡢⓎᒎཬࡧ
ࣛ Ⓨᒎཬࡧ / ཪࡣබඹࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢ
ཪࡣබඹࢧ ࣅ
ࡓࡵࡢ௚ࡢࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ
Sources – Vietnam’s Country Profile by ERIA
118
Vietnam – The Dau Giay – Phan Thiet
Expressway
• First PPP in Vietnam’s pipeline to be released to the
international market
• To be funded by a combination of state and private
sector finances
• Potential model to be applied to future infrastructure
projects
p
j
in Vietnam if p
proven successful
• Project costs are approximately USD$750 million
119
࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ – ࢨ࢘ࢨ࢖
ࢨ࢘ࢨ࢖㹼ࣇ࢓ࣥࢸ࢕
ࣇ࢓ࣥࢸ࢕
࢚ࢵࢺ㧗㏿㐨㊰
• ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒࡛㐍⾜୰ࡢᅜ㝿ᕷሙ࡟㛤ᨺࡉࢀࡓ᭱ึࡢPPP
ᨻᗓ㒊㛛 Ẹ㛫㒊㛛 ࡼࡿ㈨㔠౪⤥
• ᨻᗓ㒊㛛࡜Ẹ㛫㒊㛛࡟ࡼࡿ㈨㔠౪⤥
• ᡂຌࡀド᫂ࡉࢀࢀࡤᑗ᮶ࡢ࢖ࣥࣇࣛ࡟㛵ࡍࡿࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡ
ࢺ࡟㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡢ࠶ࡿࣔࢹࣝ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ
• ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢ㈝⏝ࡣ⣙7൨5000୓⡿ࢻࣝ
120
Vietnam – PPP Projects in the Pipeline
Sector
Number of Cost of Projects
Projects (in Million in USD)
Airports
1
1,400
Energy
2
---
Railroads
2
---
R d
Roads
8
8 718
8,718
Seaports
3
57
%
17%
8%
4%
8%
17%
13%
Railroads
Seaports
B
ildi
Buildings
33%
---
4
Ai
Airports
t
Roads
95
Water
Energy
Water Supply
-----
Buildings
4
350
T t l
Total
24
10 620 + unknown
10,620
k
Source : A Star in ascendant? PPP Opportunities in Vietnam – by
the AshurstInsight
121
࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ – 㐍⾜୰ࡢPPPࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ
ࣉࣟࢪ࢙
ࢡࢺᩘ
ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ㈝⏝
ࣉ
ࢪ
㈝
(ⓒ୓⡿ࢻࣝ)
✵ 
1
1,400
࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮
2
---
㕲㐨
2
---
㐨㊰
8
8,718
 ‴
3
57
㒊㛛
17%
%
8%
8%
17%
13%
95
Ỉ
---
4
-----
ᘓ⠏≀
4
350
ྜィ
24
10,620 + ୙᫂ศ
Source : A Star in ascendant? PPP Opportunities in Vietnam – by
the AshurstInsight
122
4%
33%
࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮
Energy
✵ t
Airports
Ai
㕲㐨
Railroads
 ‴
Seaports
㐨㊰
Roads
Bᘓ⠏≀
ildi
Buildings
Ỉ㐨 Supply
Water
Vietnam – Risks for Foreign Investors
• Only foreign invested organisations established under the laws of
Vietnam are entitled to be issued a Certificate of Land Use Right
and a Certificate of Ownership of Construction Works:
• Foreign lenders must mortgage the land use right through
agents in Vietnam
• The enforceability of agency arrangements has yet to be
tested in the Vietnamese Courts
• The PPP bidding and negotiation processes are unpredictable and
lengthy
• Acquiring land rights is a lengthy process that lacks transparency
Sources – Vietnam’s Country Profile by ERIA, Vietnam Tries PPP by the
Voice of America and the Vietnam PPP Update by the Norton Rose Fulbright
123
࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ – እᅜᢞ㈨ᐙࡢࣜࢫࢡ
• ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ἲ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚タ❧ࡉࢀࡓእᅜᢞ㈨ᶵ㛵ࡢࡳࡀᅵᆅ
฼⏝ᶒド᫂᭩㸦CLUR㸧ཬࡧᘓタᕤ஦ᡤ᭷⪅ド᫂᭩
㸦COCW㸧ࡢ஺௜ࢆཷࡅࡽࢀࡿ
• እᅜேࡢ㈚ࡋᡭࡣ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ᅾఫࡢ௦⌮ேࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ᅵᆅ฼⏝ᶒ
࡟ᑐࡍࡿᢸಖᶒࡢタᐃࢆࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸
• ௦⌮ᗑዎ⣙ࡢᇳ⾜ຊ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᮍࡔ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ࡢ⿢ุᡤ࡛ᑂ⌮ࡉ
ࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠸
• PPPࡢධᮐཬࡧ஺΅ࡢᡭ⥆ࡣண ୙⬟࡛㛗ᮇ㛫࡟ࢃࡓࡿ
• ᅵᆅࡢᶒ฼ࡢྲྀᚓࡣ㏱᫂ᛶࢆḞ࠸ࡓ㛗ᮇ㛫࡟ࢃࡓࡿᡭ⥆࡜
࡞ࡿ
Sources – Vietnam’s Country Profile by ERIA, Vietnam Tries PPP by the
Voice of America and the Vietnam PPP Update by the Norton Rose Fulbright
124
Cambodia – Overview
• Nik Nasir Majid (a senior researcher in the ERIA):
“Economic growth needs to be sustained to provide
employment opportunities for the almost two-thirds of
the population which falls in the economically active
age group (15
(15-64)
64)”
• Advantages of PPP implementation in Cambodia:
• Political commitment
• Positive investment climate
• Substantial scope for efficiency improvement
Source : Cambodia PPP in Infrastructure – by Dean Hethington
125
࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࢔ – ᴫせ
• ࢽࢵࢡ࣭ࢼࢩ࣮࣭࣐ࣝࢪࢵࢻẶ 㸦ERIAୖᖍ◊✲ဨ㸧
ࠕ⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࡣ⤒῭ⓗ࡟άືࡍࡿᖺ㱋ᒙ㸦15-64ṓ㸧ࡢேཱྀ
ࡢ⣙3ศࡢ2࡟㞠⏝ᶵ఍ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡼ࠺ᣢ⥆ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ
࡞࠸ࠋࠖ
• ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࢔࡟࠾ࡅࡿPPPᐇ᪋ࡢ฼Ⅼ
• ᨻ἞ⓗ㛵୚
• ๓ྥࡁ࡞ᢞ㈨⎔ቃ
๓ྥࡁ࡞ᢞ㈨ ቃ
• ຠ⋡ᛶྥୖࡢᐇ㉁ⓗ࡞ᑕ⛬
Source : Cambodia PPP in Infrastructure – by Dean Hethington
126
Cambodia – General PPP Structure
• Usually structured as BOTs
• Power Sector
-Government guarantee
• Energy Sector
S
-Take-or-pay provision
• Transportation Sector
Exclusivity clause
-Exclusivity
Source : Cambodia PPP in Infrastructure – by Dean Hethington
127
࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࢔ – ୍⯡ⓗ࡞PPPࡢᵓ㐀
• ㏻ᖖBOT᪉ᘧ࡛ᵓ⠏ࡉࢀࡿ
• 㟁ຊ㒊㛛
• ᨻᗓಖド
• ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ
࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮㒊㛛
㒊㛛
• ᘬྲྀᢸಖ᮲㡯
• ஺㏻㒊㛛
• ⊂༨᮲㡯
Source : Cambodia PPP in Infrastructure – by Dean Hethington
128
Cambodia – Funding for PPP projects
• Methods of Funding:
g Direct Investment
• Foreign
• Owner’s equity
• Users
U
ffees
• Family funds:
– Only for small electricity PPP
– Accounting for 22%
• Successful bidders are required to set up their own
local Special Purpose Vehicle for implementation
Source : Cambodia PPP in Infrastructure – by Dean Hethington
129
࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࢔ – PPPࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ㈨㔠
• ㈨㔠ㄪ㐩ࡢ᪉ἲ
• እᅜ┤᥋ᢞ㈨
• ᡤ᭷⪅ᣢศ
• ฼⏝⪅㈇ᢸ㔠
• ࣇ࢓࣑࣮࣭ࣜࣇ࢓ࣥࢻ
– ᑠཱྀ㟁ຊPPPࡢࡳ
– 22%ࢆ༨ࡵࡿ
• ⴠᮐ⪅ࡣᒚ⾜ࡢࡓࡵࡢ≉ᐃ┠ⓗ஦ᴗయࢆタ❧ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ
࠶ࡿࠋ
Source : Cambodia PPP in Infrastructure – by Dean Hethington
130
Cambodia – Opportunities in the Power
Sector
• Total PPP projects from 1990 to 2011
Sector
Energy
Telecom
Sub-sector
Number of projects
Total Investment
(in million in USD)
Electricity
16
2,677
Natural gas
0
0
Total
16
2,677
Telecom
7
882
Airports
3
272
Railroads
1
85.5
Transport
Roads
2
13
Seaports
0
0
Total
6
370.5
Treatment plant
0
0
Utility
0
0
Total
0
0
29
3,930
Water and
Sewerage
Total
Source : Cambodia PPP in Infrastructure – by Dean Hethington
131
࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࢔ – 㟁ຊ㒊㛛࡟࠾ࡅࡿ≧ἣ
• 1990ᖺ࠿ࡽ2011ᖺࡢPPPࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢྜィ
1990ᖺ࠿ࡽ2011ᖺࡢPPPࣉࣟࢪ ࢡࢺࡢྜィ
㒊㛛
⣽㒊㛛
࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮
㏻ಙ
㍺㏦
ୖୗỈ㐨
ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺᩘ
ྜィᢞ㈨㢠
(ⓒ୓⡿ࢻࣝ)
㟁ຊ
16
2,677
ኳ↛࢞ࢫ
0
0
ྜィ
16
2,677
㏻ಙ/ ྜィ
7
882
⯟✵
3
272
㕲㐨
1
85.5
㐨㊰
2
13
 ‴
0
0
ྜィ
6
370.5
ฎ⌮ሙ
0
0
Ỉ㐨
0
0
ྜィ
0
0
29
3,930
ྜィ
Source : Cambodia PPP in Infrastructure – by Dean Hethington
132
Cambodia – Risks for Foreign Investors
• Business environment ranked 138 out of 183
countries on the Ease of Doing Business Index
• Legal system not yet fully mature
• High corruption risk due to lack of transparency
• Lack of skilled labor and manpower to work on PPP
projects
Source : Asia Circle Magazine, Cambodia Public – Private
Partnerships in Infrastructure
133
࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࢔ – እᅜᢞ㈨ᐙࡢࣜࢫࢡ
• Ease of Doing Businessᣦᶆ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࣅࢪࢿࢫ⎔ቃࡣ
183࠿ᅜ୰138఩࡟఩⨨ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ
• ἲⓗไᗘࡀࡲࡔ᏶඲࡟ࡣᡂ⇍ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸
• ㏱᫂ᛶࡢḞዴ࡟ࡼࡿ㧗࠸ở⫋ࣜࢫࢡ
• PPPࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡟ᦠࢃࡿ⇍⦎ປാ⪅ཬࡧேᡭ୙㊊
Source : Asia Circle Magazine, Cambodia Public – Private
Partnerships in Infrastructure
134
Myanmar – Overview
• In a joint statement after the Japan-Myanmar summit in May
2013, it was announced that through the public and private
sectors Japan would provide assistance for the development
sectors,
of Myanmar
• The key to national development is creating basic
infrastructure
• For the p
past 60 yyears,, Myanmar's
y
development
p
depended
p
solely on state funding
• Now with the extensive economic reform and new
investment law, Myanmar is attracting new investment from
within and aboard in transportation, electricity and water
135
࣑࣐࣮ࣕࣥ – ᴫせ
• 2013ᖺ5᭶ࡢ᪥ᮏ࡜࣑࣐࣮ࣕࣥࡢ㤳⬻఍ㄯᚋࡢඹྠኌ᫂࡟
࠾࠸࡚㸪ᐁẸࡢྛ㒊㛛ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚᪥ᮏࡣ࣑࣐࣮ࣕࣥⓎᒎࡢ
ࡓࡵࡢᨭ᥼ࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿ ࡜ࡀⓎ⾲ࡉࢀࡓ
ࡓࡵࡢᨭ᥼ࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀⓎ⾲ࡉࢀࡓ
• ᅜᐙࡢⓎᒎࡢ㘽ࡣᇶᮏⓗ࡞࢖ࣥࣇࣛࡢ๰タ
• 㐣ཤ60ᖺ࡟Ώࡗ࡚࣑࣐࣮ࣕࣥࡢⓎᒎࡣᑓࡽᅜᐙࡢ㈨㔠࡟
㢗ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ
• ⌧ᅾࡣᗈ⠊࡞⤒῭ᨵ㠉ཬࡧ᪂ࡋ࠸ᢞ㈨ἲไ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚࣑ࣕ
࣐࣮ࣥࡣ஺㏻㸪㟁ຊཬࡧỈ㐨ࡢศ㔝࡛ෆእࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞ᢞ㈨
ࢆ࿧ࡧ㎸ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ
136
Myanmar – Opportunities in the Aviation
Sector
• Currently has a total of 69 airports
airports, of which only 32 are operational
• There are 3 international airports - in Yangon, Mandalay and Nay Pyi
Taw
• Capacity of Yangon International Airport to be doubled from 2.7 million
to 5.5 million passengers a year
• The g
government p
plans to transform some existing
g domestic airports
p
into international airports
• Annual International Air Passenger Traffic into Myanmar
Source : MegaProject 68: Myanmar awards two airport PPP
projects by Miguel Rubio from InfraPPP World
137
࣑࣐ࣕࣥ – ⯟✵㒊㛛࡟࠾ࡅࡿ≧ἣ
࣑࣐࣮ࣕࣥ
• ⌧ᅾྜィ69ࡢ✵ ࡀ࠶ࡾࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ౑⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ32✵ ࡢࡳ
• 3ࡘࡢᅜ㝿✵ ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦ࣖࣥࢦࣥ㸪࣐ࣥࢲ࣮ࣞ㸪ࢿࣆࢻ࣮㸧
• ࣖࣥࢦࣥᅜ㝿✵ ࡢ཰ᐜྍ⬟ᩘண ࡣᖺ㛫270୓ே࠿ࡽ550୓ே࡟ಸቑ
• ᨻᗓࡣ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢ⌧Ꮡࡍࡿᅜෆ✵ ࢆᅜ㝿✵ ࡟ኚ᭦ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆィ⏬
• ࣑࣐࣮ࣕࣥ࡬ࡢᖺ㛫ᅜ㝿Ώ⯟⪅ᩘ
࣑࣐ࣕࣥ ࡬ࡢᖺ㛫ᅜ㝿Ώ⯟⪅ᩘ
Source : MegaProject 68: Myanmar awards two airport PPP
projects by Miguel Rubio from InfraPPP World
138
Myanmar – Projects in the pipeline
• Projects awarded recently
y International Airport:
p
1. Hanthawaddy
–
Awarded to the South Korea’s Incheon
International Airport
p Corporation
p
–
Cost: USD$1.1 billion
2 Mandalay International Airport:
2.
–
Awarded to Japan’s JALUX Inc., Mitsubishi
Corporation and SPA Project Management Ltd
–
Concession period – 30 years
Source : MegaProject 68: Myanmar awards two airport PPP
projects by Miguel Rubio from InfraPPP World
139
࣑࣐࣮ࣕࣥ – 㐍⾜୰ࡢࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ
• ᭱㏆ⴠᮐࡉࢀࡓィ⏬
ࣥࢱ࣡ ࢹ࢕ᅜ㝿✵ 
1. ࣁࣥࢱ࣮࣡ࢹ࢕ᅜ㝿✵ 
-
ோᕝᅜ㝿✵ බ♫ ࡀⴠᮐ
-
㈝⏝ – 11൨⡿ࢻࣝ
2. ࣐ࣥࢲ࣮ࣞᅜ㝿✵ 
-
᪥ᮏࡢᰴᘧ఍♫JALUX㸪୕⳻ၟ஦ᰴᘧ఍♫ཬࡧSPA
᪥ᮏࡢᰴᘧ఍♫JALUX
୕⳻ၟ஦ᰴᘧ఍♫ཬࡧSPA Project
Management Ltdࡀⴠᮐ
-
஦ᴗᮇ㛫 - 30 ᖺ
Source : MegaProject 68: Myanmar awards two airport PPP
projects by Miguel Rubio from InfraPPP World
140
Myanmar – Opportunities in the Energy
Sector
• Myanmar’s per capita electricity consumption is the
lowest among the ASEAN-10 countries:
• Estimated at 100 kilowatt hours (KWh) in 2010
which is approximately one-twentieth of that in
Thailand
y that less than 25 percent
p
of the
• Estimates say
country has access to electric power:
y low installed capacity
p
y of around
• Of the already
3500 megawatts (MW), only about 60 percent is
reliably available
Source : Powering up for growth: An assessment of the power
sector in Myanmar – KPMG from InfraPPP World
141
࣑࣐ࣕࣥ – ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ
࣑࣐࣮ࣕࣥ
࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮㒊㛛࡟࠾ࡅ
㒊㛛࡟࠾ࡅ
ࡿ≧ἣ
• ࣑࣐࣮ࣕࣥࡢ୍ேᙜࡓࡾࡢ㟁ຊᾘ㈝㔞ࡣASEAN10࠿ᅜࡢ
୰࡛᭱ప
• 2010ᖺࡣࢱ࢖ࡢ⣙20ศࡢ1࡛࠶ࡿ100࢟ࣟ࣡ࢵࢺẖ᫬
㸦KWh㸧࡜᥎ィ
• ᥎
᥎ィ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜㟁ຊ࡬ࡢ࢔ࢡࢭࢫࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࡣᅜෆࡢ25㸣࡟
ࡀ
‶ࡓ࡞࠸ࠋ
• ࡑࢀ⮬యప࠸3500࣓࢞࣡
ࡑࢀ⮬యప࠸3500࣓࢞࣡ࢵࢺ㸦MW㸧ࡢタഛᐜ㔞ࡢ࠺ࡕ☜
ࢺ㸦MW㸧ࡢタഛᐜ㔞ࡢ࠺ࡕ☜
ᐇ࡟฼⏝࡛ࡁࡿࡢࡣ⣙60㸣ࡢࡳ
Source : Powering up for growth: An assessment of the power
sector in Myanmar – KPMG from InfraPPP World
142
Myanmar – Japan International
Cooperation Agency’s participation
• JICA plans to utilize Japan’s expertise and knowledge to assist in the
following social infrastructure buildings in the Yangon Metropolitan region:
• Water supply
• Sewer works
• Urban water discharge
• Urban transportation
• Work has already begun on forming urgent and high-priority
high priority projects
• Assistance is underway using grant aid to repair the water distribution
pipes in Yangon, an urgent issue for supplying safe water
• A Japanese ODA loan has been provided to restore the aging thermal
power station and transformer stations in the Yangon metropolitan area
143
࣑࣐ࣕࣥ – ᅜ㝿༠ຊᶵᵓ㸦JICA㸧
࣑࣐࣮ࣕࣥ
ࡢཧຍ
• JICA ࡣ௨ୗࡢࣖࣥࢦࣥ㒔ᕷᅪ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ♫఍࢖ࣥࣇࣛᩚഛࡢᨭ᥼࡟᪥ᮏ
ࡢᑓ㛛▱㆑ࢆά⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆィ⏬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ
• Ỉ㐨ࡢ౪⤥
• ୗỈ㐨ᕤ஦
• 㒔ᕷ᤼Ỉ
• 㒔ᕷ஺㏻
• ⥭ᛴ࡛ඃඛᗘࡢ㧗࠸ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢᵓ⠏సᴗࡀ᪤࡟ጞࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ
⥭ᛴ࡛ඃඛᗘࡢ㧗࠸ࣉࣟࢪ ࢡࢺࡢᵓ⠏సᴗࡀ᪤࡟ጞࡲ ࡚࠸ࡿ
• Ᏻ඲࡞Ỉࢆ౪⤥ࡍࡿ⥭ᛴࡢၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࣖࣥࢦࣥࡢỈ㐨⟶⿵ಟ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ
↓ൾ㈨ ༠ຊ ࡼࡾᨭ᥼ 㐍⾜୰ ࠶ࡿ
↓ൾ㈨㔠༠ຊ࡟ࡼࡾᨭ᥼ࡣ㐍⾜୰࡛࠶ࡿ
• ࣖࣥࢦࣥ㒔ᕷᅪ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⪁ᮙ໬ࡋࡓⅆຊⓎ㟁ᡤཬࡧኚ㟁ᡤࡢಟ᚟ࡢࡓ
ࡵ᪥ᮏࡢODA⼥㈨ࡀᥦ౪ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
144
Myanmar– Risk for Foreign Investors
• Corruption
• Reputational damage
• Human rights abuses / Forced labour
• Difficulties in finding local partners / Continuation of
economic sanctions
• Ethnic and communal violence
• Lack of institutional capacity to draft and implement
reforms
Source: McKinsey Global Institute Myanmar Report (2013); Risk
advisory “Assessing Myanmar’s opportunities and risks” (June
2013); Committee on workers’ capital
145
࣑࣐࣮ࣕࣥ – እᅜᢞ㈨ᐙࡢࣜࢫࢡ
• ở⫋
ࣞࣆࣗࢸ ࢩࣙࣥ ࢲ࣓ ࢪ
• ࣞࣆࣗࢸ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣙࣥࢲ࣓࣮ࢪ
• ேᶒ౵ᐖ / ᙉไປാ
• ᆅඖࡢࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ࢆ᥈ࡍࡇ࡜ࡢᅔ㞴ࡉ
ᆅඖࡢࣃ ࢺࢼ ࢆ᥈ࡍࡇ࡜ࡢᅔ㞴ࡉ / ⤒῭ไ⿢ࡢ⥅⥆
• Ẹ᪘ⓗཬࡧᆅᇦ♫఍࡛ࡢᭀ⾜
• ᨵ㠉ࡢ㉳ⲡཬࡧᐇ⾜ࢆ⾜࠺ࡓࡵࡢไᗘ㠃࡛ࡢ୙㊊
Source: McKinsey Global Institute Myanmar Report (2013); Risk
advisory “Assessing Myanmar’s opportunities and risks” (June
2013); Committee on workers’ capital
146
Part 2:
Special Issues in PPP Construction
Contracting
Phillip Georgiou, Singapore Office
Stephen O'Neal
O Neal, San Francisco Office
147
➨2⦅ 㸸
PPPࡢᘓタዎ⣙࡟࠾ࡅࡿ≉᭷ࡢၥ㢟
䝣䜱䝸䝑䝥䞉䝆䝵䝹䝆䝳䠈䝆䝵䞊䞁䝈䞉䝕䜲 䝅䞁䜺䝫䞊䝹䜸䝣䜱䝇
䝇䝔䜱 䝤䞉䜸䝙 䝹 䝆䝵 䞁䝈䞉䝕䜲 䝃䞁䝣䝷䞁䝅䝇䝁䜸䝣䜱䝇
䝇䝔䜱䞊䝤䞉䜸䝙䞊䝹䠈䝆䝵䞊䞁䝈䞉䝕䜲
148
Typical
yp
PPP Construction Structure
Government
Body
Project
Company
Contractor
Insurers
Designers,
Engineers,
Subcontractors
and Material
Suppliers
Designers, Engineers,
Subcontractors’
and Material
Suppliers’Guarantors
඾ᆺⓗ࡞PPPࡢᘓタ࡟࠿࠿ࡿᵓ㐀
⾜ᨻᶵ㛵
䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖఍♫
ᘓ⠏ㄳ㈇ே
ಖ㝤ᴗ⪅
䝕䝄䜲䝘䞊
䜶䞁䝆䝙䜰
ୗㄳ㈇ே
㈨ᮦ౪⤥ᴗ⪅
䝕䝄䜲䝘䞊
䜶䞁䝆䝙䜰
ୗㄳ㈇ே
㈨ᮦ౪⤥ᴗ⪅
䛾ಖドே
Key Principle – Avoid Gaps in Risk
Allocation
• Isolate risk allocation issues in Concession
Agreement and EPC (Engineer, Procure, Construct)
or other Construction Contract
• Ensure that those flow-down to subcontractors
without gaps
151
୺せ࡞ᣦ㔪 – ࣜࢫࢡ㓄ศ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ
ࢠࣕࢵࣉࢆᇙࡵࡿ
• ᶒ┈༠ᐃ࡜EPC㸦࢚ࣥࢪࢽ࢔㸪ㄪ㐩ཬࡧᘓタ㸧ཪࡣ
ࡑࡢ௚ࡢᘓタ㛵㐃ዎ⣙࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣜࢫࢡ㓄ศࡢၥ㢟ࢆ
ศ㞳ࡍࡿ
• ࡑࢀࡽࡀࢠࣕࢵࣉ࡞ࡃୗㄳ㈇ே࡟ᘬࡁ⥅ࡀࢀ࡚ࡿࡇ
࡜ࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿ
152
Basics
• Scope/Performance Specification/Testing
• Time
• Price
153
ᇶ♏
• ⠊ᅖ / ᛶ⬟௙ᵝ / ᳨ᰝ
• ᫬㛫
• ౯᱁
154
Scope/Performance Spec/Testing
• Ensure that no scope gap exists in subcontracts for
design, engineering, construction, or material supply
• Performance Spec/Testing issues – obligate all subs
to comply with relevant performance/testing
specifications
155
⠊ᅖ / ᛶ⬟௙ᵝ / ᳨ᰝ
• ࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ㸪࢚ࣥࢪࢽ࢔ࣜࣥࢢ㸪ᘓタཪࡣ㈨ᮦ౪⤥࡟
㛵ࡍࡿୗㄳ㈇ዎ⣙࡟࠾࠸࡚⠊ᅖࡢࢠࣕࢵࣉࡀ࡞࠸ࡇ
࡜ࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿ
• ᛶ⬟௙ᵝ / ᳨ᰝࡢၥ㢟 – ࡍ࡭࡚ࡢୗㄳ㈇ே࡟㛵㐃ࡍ
ࡿᛶ⬟ཬࡧ᳨ᰝࡢ௙ᵝࢆ㡰Ᏺࡍࡿࡼ࠺⩏ົ௜ࡅࡿ
156
Time
Ensure that provisions for time extensions flow-down
• Force majeure
• Changes to the work – flow-down all notice and
entitlement provisions
• Concurrent delay (apportionment) and schedule
float ownership
– Clarify at contracting stage/obtain required
baseline schedules from subs
• Review for inconsistency
157
᫬㛫
ᮇ㛫ᘏ㛗࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᮲㡯ࡀᘬࡁ⥅ࡀࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ☜ㄆ
ࡍࡿ
• ୙ྍᢠຊ
ࡍ ࡚ࡢ㏻▱ཬࡧᶒ㝈࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᮲㡯ࡢ
• ௙ᵝኚ᭦ –ࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ㏻▱ཬࡧᶒ㝈࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᮲㡯ࡢ
ᘬ⥅ࡂ
• ྠ᫬㐜ᘏ㸦ࡢ㈐௵ศᢸ㸧ཬࡧࢫࢣࢪࣗ
ྠ᫬㐜ᘏ㸦ࡢ㈐௵ศᢸ㸧ཬࡧࢫࢣࢪ࣮ࣗࣝኚື࡟
ࣝኚື࡟
ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ฼┈ࡢᡤᅾ
– ዎ⣙ẁ㝵࡛ࡢ᫂☜໬ / ୗㄳ㈇ே࠿ࡽᇶᮏⓗ࡞
ࢫࢣࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࢆྲྀᚓ
• ୍㈏ᛶࡢ᳨ド
㈏ᛶࡢ᳨ド
158
Price
Regardless of contract pricing format, e.g., stipulated
sum, guaranteed maximum price, etc., ensure flowdown of
• limits on price increases
• opportunities for price increases
– claims submission agreements/pass
agreements/pass-throughs
throughs
159
౯᱁
ዎ⣙౯᱁࡟㛵ࡍࡿࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࢵࢺ㸦౛㸸つᐃࡉࢀࡓྜ
ィ㢠㸪ಖド࠶ࡿ᭱኱㢠➼㸧࡟࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎ௨ୗࡢᘬ⥅
ࡂ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚☜ㄆࡍࡿ
• ౯᱁ቑຍࡢ㝈⏺
• ౯᱁ቑຍࡢᶵ఍
– ㄳồᥦฟዎ⣙ / ࣃࢫࢫࣝ
ࣃࢫࢫ࣮ࣝ
160
Governing Law
• Beware of inconsistencies in governing law of
Concession Agreement, EPC contract, and statutory
requirements re subcontracts
161
‽ᣐἲ
• ᶒ┈༠ᐃ㸪EPCዎ⣙㸪ୗㄳ㈇ዎ⣙࡟㛵ࡍࡿἲつไ࡟
ࡘ࠸࡚‽ᣐἲࡢ▩┪ࡀ࡞࠸࠿ὀពࡍࡿࡇ࡜
162
Insurance and Indemnification
• Unified scheme for entire project to avoid gaps –
critical to conduct risk review prior to contracting
– Beware of limits on indemnification in
particular jurisdiction
– Defense obligation separate from
indemnification
• control of litigation
163
ಖ㝤ཬࡧ⿵ൾ
• ࢠࣕࢵࣉࢆᇙࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ඲యࡢ⤫୍
ࡉࢀࡓࢫ࣮࣒࢟ – ዎ⣙⥾⤖ࡢ๓࡟ࣜࢫࢡࢆ☜ㄆࡍ
ࡿࡓࡵ࡟㔜せ
– ≉ᐃࡢἲᇦ࡛ࡣ⿵ൾࡢไ㝈ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ὀព
– ᘚㆤ⩏ົࡣ⿵ൾ࡜༊ูࡉࢀࡿ
• ッゴࡢࢥࣥࢺࣟ
ッゴࡢࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝ
ࣝ
164
Warranties
• Ensure subcontractor and material supplier
warranties match obligations of contractor
• Tiered warranties for more/less critical components
Intellectual Property
• Obtain warranties and indemnification from
subs/suppliers as to any IP you must deliver
Site conditions
• Ensure differing site condition risk flows down
165
ಖド
• ୗㄳ㈇ேཬࡧ㈨ᮦ౪⤥ᴗ⪅ࡢಖドࡀㄳ㈇ᴗ⪅ࡢ⩏ົ࡜
୍⮴ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿ
• 㔜せᛶࡢ㧗ప࡟ᛂࡌࡓ㒊ศࡈ࡜ࡢẁ㝵ⓗಖド
▱ⓗ㈈⏘
• ㆡΏࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸▱ⓗ㈈⏘࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ୗㄳ㈇ே / ౪
⤥ᴗ⪅࠿ࡽಖドཬࡧ⿵ൾࢆᚓࡿ
❧ᆅ᮲௳
• ␗࡞ࡿ❧ᆅ᮲௳ࡢࣜࢫࢡࡀᘬࡁ⥅ࡀࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ☜ㄆࡍ
ࡿ
166
Termination rights
• Triggers
• Automatic termination of subcontractor/supplier
agreements on termination of main contract
• Termination for convenience
– Ensure that pricing scheme on convenience
termination flows down
167
ゎ⣙ᶒ
• ゎ⣙஦⏤
• ᮏዎ⣙ࡢ⤊஢࡟క࠺ୗㄳዎ⣙ / ౪⤥ዎ⣙ࡢ⮬ືゎ⣙
• ௵ពゎ⣙ᶒ
– ௵ពゎ⣙࡟࠾ࡅࡿ౯᱁ࢫ࣮࣒࢟ࡢᘬ⥅ࡂࢆ☜
௵ពゎ⣙ ࠾ ࡿ౯᱁ ࢟
⥅ࡂࢆ☜
ㄆࡍࡿ
168
Liquidated Damages
• Delay damages
• Performance guarantee damages
• Reasonable good faith estimate of damages/avoid
penalty-unenforceability issue
• Security for performance
– Ensure that subs and suppliers post security
for allocable share of risk
169
ᦆᐖ㈺ൾࡢணᐃ
• 㐜ᘏᦆᐖ
• ᒚ⾜ಖド࡟㛵ࡍࡿᦆᐖ
• ㄔᐇ࡛ྜ⌮ⓗ࡞ᦆᐖࡢぢ✚ࡶࡾ / 㐪⣙㔠ࡢᇳ⾜୙⬟
ᛶࡢၥ㢟ࡢᅇ㑊
• ᒚ⾜ࡢᢸಖ
– 㓄ศࡉࢀࡿࣜࢫࢡ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ୗㄳ㈇ேཬࡧ౪⤥
ᴗ⪅ࡀᢸಖࢆᕪࡋධࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿ
170
Liability Caps
• For key subcontractors and material suppliers,
ensure that their liquidated damages obligations are
sufficient to cover yours
• Waiver of consequential damages
– Flow-down
– Lost p
profits issue
171
㈺ൾ㢠ࡢୖ㝈
• ୺せ࡞ୗㄳ㈇ேཬࡧ㈨ᮦ౪⤥ᴗ⪅ࡀ㈇࠺ᦆᐖ㈺ൾࡢ
ணᐃ㢠ࡀ⮬ࡽ㈇࠺ᦆᐖ㢠ࢆ࢝ࣂ࣮ࡍࡿࡢ࡟༑ศ࡛࠶
ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿ
• ὴ⏕ⓗᦆᐖࡢච㝖
– ࣇ࣮ࣟࢲ࢘ࣥ
– 㐓ኻ฼┈ࡢၥ㢟
ኻ
ၥ
172
Dispute Resolution
• DRB/DAB
• Mediation
• Arbitration
• Joinder Clause
C
– Executed by subs and their
parents/guarantors/security providers
• Obligation to continue working/provide materials in
event of dispute (tied to security for performance)
173
⣮தゎỴ
• DRB / DAB
• ㄪ೵
• ௰⿢
• ేྜ᮲㡯
– ୗㄳ㈇ேཬࡧࡑࡢぶ఍♫ / ಖドே / ᢸಖᥦ౪⪅࡟
ࡼࡗ࡚⥾⤖ࡉࢀࡿ
• ⣮த᫬࡟ᕤ஦ࢆ⥆ࡅࡿ / ㈨ᮦࢆ౪⤥ࡍࡿ⩏ົ 㸦ᒚ⾜
ࡢಖド࡜㛵ಀ㸧
174
Thank
a you
Questions?
175
ࡈΎ⫈࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓ
㉁ၥࡣࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ࠿?
176
Contact
Phillip Georgiou
Jones Day - Singapore
[email protected]
65.6233.5992
Bill Napier
Jones Day - Sydney
[email protected]
61.2.8272.0730
Stephen V
V. O'Neal
O Neal
Jones Day – San Francisco
[email protected]
1.415.875.5780
Maria Tan Pedersen
Jones Day – Hong Kong
[email protected]
852 3189 7354
852.3189.7354
Disclaimer
The views expressed by a speaker at the seminar or contained in this presentation material are those of such individual’s
own, and do not reflect the views of the Firm. This presentation material is prepared for the sole purpose of explanation of
the subject matters of this seminar, and is not intended to provide, and should not be deemed to constitute, legal advice on
any specific facts or circumstances. This presentation material is protected by the copyright law, and may not duplicated,
quoted, modified, translated or distributed without the prior consent of the Firm.
©2013 JONES DAY, All Rights Reserved
177
㐃⤡ඛ
ࣇ࢕ࣜ ࣉ ࢪ ࣝࢪ
ࣇ࢕ࣜࢵࣉ࣭ࢪࣙࣝࢪࣗ
ࣅࣝ ࢿ࢖ࣆ࢔
ࣅ࣭ࣝࢿ࢖ࣆ࢔
ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࣭ࢹ࢖ ࢩ࣏࣮ࣥ࢞ࣝ
ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࣭ࢹ࢖
ࢩࢻࢽ࣮
[email protected]
pg
g @j
y
65.6233.5992
[email protected]
61.2.8272.0730
ࢫࢸ࢕࣮ࣈ࣭࢜ࢽ࣮ࣝ
࣐ࣜ࢔࣭ࣆࢲ࣮ࢭࣥ
ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࣭ࢹ࢖ ࢧࣥࣇࣛࣥࢩࢫࢥ
[email protected]
1.415.875.5780
ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࣭ࢹ࢖
㤶 
[email protected]
852.3189.7354
䛤ὀព
ᮏ㈨ᩱ୰䠈ᮏ䝉䝭䝘䞊䛷䛾Ⓨゝ䛚䜘䜃ᮏ㈨ᩱ୰䛾ពぢ䛻䜟䛯䜛㒊ศ䛿䠈ㅮ₇⪅䛾ಶேⓗぢゎ䛷䛒䜚䠈ᙜ஦ົᡤ䛾ពぢ䜢௦⾲䛩䜛䜒
䛾䛷䛿䛒䜚䜎䛫䜣䚹 ᮏ㈨ᩱ䛿䠈ᮏ䝉䝭䝘䞊䛾䝔䞊䝬䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾ㄝ᫂⏝䛻సᡂ䛥䜜䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䜚䠈≉ᐃ䛾஦ᐇ䜔஦᝟䛻㛵䛩䜛ᘚㆤኈ
䛾ἲⓗ䛺䜰䝗䝞䜲䝇䛸䛿䛺䜚䜎䛫䜣䚹ᮏ㈨ᩱ䛿ⴭసᶒ䛻䜘䜛ಖㆤ䛾ᑐ㇟䛸䛺䜚䜎䛩䚹ᙜ஦ົᡤ䛾஦๓䛾チྍ䛺䛟䠈」〇䠈㌿㍕䠈ኚ᭦䠈
⩻᱌䠈⩻ヂ䠈෌㓄ᕸ➼䜢䛩䜛䛣䛸䛿䛷䛝䜎䛫䜣䛾䛷䠈䛤ὀព䛟䛰䛥䛔䚹
©2013 JONES DAY, All Rights Reserved
178
ᮾி࢜ࣇ࢕ࢫ㐃⤡ඛ
㕥ᮌ ṇල
Ჴ⃝ 㧗ᚿ
ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࣭ࢹ࢖ᮾி
ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࣭ࢹ࢖ᮾி
[email protected]
03.6800.1817
[email protected]
03.6744.1604
©2013 JONES DAY, All Rights Reserved
179
እᅜἲඹྠ஦ᴗ
ࢪ
ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬ࣭ࢹ࢖ἲᚊ஦ົᡤ
ࢬ ࢹ ἲᚊ஦ົᡤ
ࠛ105-0001
ࠛ105
0001
ᮾி㒔 ༊⹡ࣀ㛛4୎┠1␒17ྕ
⚄㇂⏫ࣉࣛ࢖࣒ࣉࣞ࢖ࢫ
03 3433 3939
03.3433.3939
www.jonesday.com
©2013 JONES DAY, All Rights Reserved
180