Miwa Mori 森みわ

KEY ARCHITECTS Ltd.
Energieeffizienz in der japanischen Architektur
日本の建築における省エネ性能
23.05.2015 ＠Clean Energy Building Messe
キーアーキテクツ代表取締役 CEO of KEY ARCHITECTS Ltd.
パッシブハウス・ジャパン代表理事 Representative Director of Passive House Japan
東北芸術工科大学客員教授 Visiting Professor of Tohoku University of Art and Design
Miwa Mori
森みわ
Passive House in Kamaura ２００９
The first certified Passive House in Kamakura,
Japan
New building without insulation is legal!
New building with single pane window is legal!
Japanese intelligence for Summer
Air-Conditioner
with APF =intelligent?
above7.0 + Human Sensor
Why can they become
more
Till
now…
From now…
Japanese intelligence for Winter
Why can’t they become more intelligent?
Hot Water Consumption is more important!
Japanese soak into the bath tub almost everyday
and its water temperature is about 42 degree!
Doubled Amount of Domestic Hot Water Consumption, compare to European!
(60 Liter / person / day at 60 degree)
Heating Devices = House Hold Equipments?
COOLING
2%
LIGHTING/
HOUSE HOLD
EQUIPMENTS
35%
HEATING
22%
YEAR 2007
44,27 GＪ/
HOUSE HOLD
COOKING
9%
Break down of the Energy Consumption
(Average Japanese Residential Use)
DHW
30%
GERMANY
vs
JAPAN
Pay attention to others！
日本とドイツ、一体何が違うのか？
What could be the differences between
Germany and Japan?
Eco House in GERMANY
経済性
健康と快適性と省エネ
Money Saving
Healthy Life, Home Safety and Energy Saving
balanced
Eco House in JAPAN
(次世代省エネ基準
= governmental recommendation)
省エネ=経済性
健康と快適性
Energy Saving = Money Saving
Healthy Life and Home Safety
unbalanced
9
Winter Comfort
Outside -10℃
Room Air 20℃
Radiation Temperature
２６℃
２１℃
２０℃
１８℃
３０℃
Outside 5℃
Rooｍ Air 23℃
１６℃
１０℃
１５℃
２００℃
Small house, badly insulated, due to mild outside temperature in winter in Japan!
日本人が我慢強いのではない。我慢できずに亡くなる方の存在を無視しているだけ・・。
Are we really patient? No, we just ignore people who could not survive…
in Year 2012 in…
By heat-shock
20,000 death/year
By traffic accident
4,000 death/year
thermal“Barrier Free”within the house is NOT yet archieved.
入浴中の死者数は冬期に多い
低い室温や居室、浴室間の大きな温度差がヒートショックの主な原因
11
Accidents at winter home caused by “Heat Shock”
no. of death and locations in Japan
Heart
Attack
Stroke
Drown
Other
Home
Hospital
冬になると自宅の浴室等で起きる溺死事故が急激に増えるが、
これは主にヒートショックが原因であると言われている。
日本人が我慢強いのではない。我慢できずに亡くなる方の存在を無視しているだけ・・。
Are we really patient? No, we just ignore people who could not survive…
Death Rate is increasing in Winter in UK !
出典：Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 1997
イギリス・ウェールスでの
５年間に渡る調査の結果、
死亡原因に
下記の現象が見られた。
Day 1
シーズン寒い日の発生
Day 2
心疾患のピーク
Day 5
脳血管疾患のピーク
12
Day 40
呼吸器系疾患のピーク
Day
通常の死亡率に戻る
Increased death rate in winter in Europe
冬に上昇する死亡率・・
出典：BRE THE REAL COST OF POOR HOUSING
Death Rate Increase in Winter..
Finland below１０%
Germany １０～１５％
England /Italy １５～２０％
Spain Portugal Ireland above ２０%
BE PREPAIRED FOR WINTER!!!
比較的温暖で、
冬支度が不十分な国ほど、
冬の死亡率の増加が顕著である。
How is the Climate in Japan?
How is the Climate in Tokyo?
Dehumidification Demand
夏と冬で水蒸気の流れの向きが逆転。日本の家は古来から夏のために設計された。
What is a recommended U-Value
by the Jap. Government?
The current “Encouragement Standard” in Japan
(Energy Saving Standard for the Next Generation)
Heat Losses/Floor area (W/m2K)
ZONE 1
ZONE 2
ZONE 3
ZONE 4
ZONE 5
ZONE 6
1.6
1.9
2.4
2.7
2.7
3.7
Air Tightness
(cm2/m2)
2
2
5
5
5
5
Typical House Size in Japan
Floor Area = 120m2
Thermal Envelop = 300m2
Tokyo
Average U-Value of the thermal skin in Tokyo to be…
2.7W/m2K x 120m2 / 300m2 =
1.0W/m2K!
These very low standard to be mandatory by
2020…
What kind of window U-value required for a Passive House?
7 Very hot
6 Hot
5 Warm
4 Warm, temperate
3 Cool, temperate
2 Cold
1 Arctic
1 Energy recovery
Reg. Name
No.
1 Arctic
Tromso, Murmansk, Novosibirsk, Magadan
Recommanded glazing Hygiene criterion
θSi,min
fRsi
Vacuum low-e
9,20
0,80
2 Cold
Ancorage, Stockholm, Moscow, Harbin
Quadruple paned low-e
11,00
0,75
0,65
0,60
0,55
3
4
5
6
7
Washington, London,Rom, Chengdu, Tokio
LA, Lisboa, Melbourne, Santiago (CL)
Lake Victoria, Johannesburg, Mexico City
Maiami, Rio de Janeiro (BR), Windhoek
Houston, Sahara, Saudi Arabia, India
Triple paned low-e
Double paned low-e
Double paned insulating
Double paned anti-sun
Triple paned anti-sun
12,60
0,70
14,00
0,60
15,50
0,55
not defined
not defined
0,85
1,30
2,90
1,60
1,30
0,80
1,25
2,85
1,55
1,25
0,75
1,20
2,80
1,50
1,20
Cool-temperate
Warm-temperate
Warm
Hot
Extremly hot, often humid
Cities
Maximum U-Value
UW,installed
UW
Ug
0,45
0,40
0,35
dPHt:
PropassivhausENERsign:
CertifiedBiTri:
windows
for cold
climates
ENERsign:
Source: Passiv Haus Institut Darmstadt
Comparison window U-value
世界各国の窓性能の比較
Country
Finland
Germany
Austria
Denmark
Checo
England
Hungary
France
Italy
Spain
China Beijing
China Shanghai
Japan
Window U-Value requirement (W/m2K)
1.0
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.7
1.8
2.0
2.6
2.0-4.6
2.1-2.8
2.0
2.5
No requirement!
Current market average window U-value is
4.6W/m2K!!
www.tatemono-nenpi.com/map
poor thermal performance of the building + high awareness of energy saving
= risking your life quality and increasing death rate in winter.
DON’T CARE ABOUT ECOLOGY!
BE CAREFULL WITH YOUR OWN LIFE!
German House ?
Japanese House ?
“EGO” instead of “ECO”
Why not living in more healthy way?
22
The first certified passive house in Japan in 2009
4 years after 11th March…
“The elephant in the room”
部屋の中に巨大な象がいませんか？
An enormous problem in front of us is
obvious to everybody, however,
Nobody talks about it.
Reducing CO2 emission is NOT the goal.
Sustainable development and human activity are the goal.
Let’s produce sustainable home for our sustainable community
持続可能な社会のためのエコハウスを目指そう！
Leaning from Jap. tradition
地産池消で伝統工法から学ぶ
（天然素材＋吉田兼好の家づくり）
ストック住宅の活用！
吉田兼好
Adding hot-water-bottle principle
エネルギー効率の向上
（器の魔法瓶化＋設備効率）
Introducing renewable energy source
再生可能エネルギーの採用
(太陽熱、バイオマス、風力、
太陽光発電etc)
25
One example of the “very Japanese” Passive House…
県産材を使った省エネモデルハウス“木灯館（ことぼしかん）”完成
Nobody would call this house as “German House”!
But this is a Passive House (15kWh/m2 Annual Heating Demand)!
十津川村の杉を使った高性能サッシ
Increased energy efficiency of the window
by using high performance glazing
and local wood from Totsukawa Village
Dreh-kipp (Tilt-turn) window
with aluminum cladding
ドレーキップ窓アルミクラッド仕様
Sliding door
片引き窓アルミクラッド仕様
One example of the “very Japanese” Passive House…
土壁＋竹小舞の真壁構造に断熱気密性能を付加することで
パッシブハウス基準の冷暖房負荷を達成
“diffusion open” wall construction by using Japanese traditional clay wall
and wood based insulation
Thank You!
ご静聴ありがとうございました。
www.key-architects.com
www.passivehouse-japan.org

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