Limited Water Exchange Shrimp Culture Technology in Korea

Limited Water Exchange Shrimp
Culture Technology in Korea
Jong S. Kim*, In K. Jang, Hyung C. Seo
Yeong R. Cho and Bong R. Kim
[email protected]
West Sea Mariculture Research Center, NFRDI
2nd YSLME RMC, Jeju, Korea. June 16-18 2009
CONTENTS
• Current Status
• Limited Water Exchange Culture
• Achievements and Challenges
Current Status of
Shrimp Farming in Korea
Shrimp Farming in Korea
• Located along the Yellow Sea Coast
• Semi-intensive or Intensive Culture
• Low Productivity
– Due to Viral Disease
– One Crop a Year
• Food Safety
• Environmental Impact
Sustainable Farming
• Environmental Protection
• Disease Prevention
• Food Safety
– High Quality Demand
– Traceable
• Higher Productivity
• Animal Welfare
Future Trend in Aquaculture and Fisheries
375
350
Yield MMT.
325
300
275
250
225
200
175
150
125
100
75
50
1980
2025
73%
Aquaculture
Capture
2011
50%
2005
38%
1985
12.5%
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
FAO data and Diana projection
Newer Technologies
•
•
•
•
•
•
Aquaponics in Vertical Farm
Off-shore Farming
Inland Saline Culture
Urban Aquaculture
Desert Aquaculture
Bio-floc based Culture etc.
“CLOSED” & “RECYCLED”
Limited Water Exchange
Shrimp Culture
General Characteristics of
Limited Water Exchange Culture
•
•
•
•
Closed recirculating culture system
Suspended bio-floc based
Super-intensive (density)
Higher natural productivity
WSMRC
Benefits of Bio-floc Culture System
• Limited or zero water exchange
• Higher bio-security
• Environmentally friendly system
– Reducing nutrient rich effluent dishcharge
• Protein reuse (Higher efficiency up to 45%)
• Cost-effective
• Full control of toxic nitrogen compound
such as ammonia and nitrites
Bio-Floc ?
• Floc comprise 70-80% of organic matter
including microbial communities.
• Good nutrition quality (protein reuse/minerals)
• Control water quality
• Heterotrophic condition?
– Heterotrophic bacteria
– Nitrifying bacteria
(chemolithic autotrophs)
 Bio-floc formation and properties are still
empirical and un-predictable.
Mineralization / Nitrification
Mineralization by Heterotrophic Bacteria
(Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Escherichia etc.)
Nitrification by Chemolithic Autotrophs
Nitrosomonas (NH4+ oxidizers) and Nitrobacter (NO2- oxidizers)
Species of marine nitrifiers are different from those that
prefer fresh water, and yet, are very closely related.
Nitrifiers are very slow growing because of the manner
in which they must obtain energy (need carbon source).
Nitrogen Syndrome
• Feed protein is inefficiently utilized by
aquatic animals.
– Shrimp protein utilization efficiency : about 20%
– Fish protein utilization efficiency : about 25%
• 70~80% of the nitrogen in feed is converted
into ammonia either by direct excretion or
mineralization by heterotrophic bacteria
 10-20% of the organic matter in rearing water
degrade daily.
Carbon Source
• Bacteria feed carbohydrate and digest
– 50% of carbohydrate to energy and CO2
– 50% to new cell material (protein).
• The bacteria take up ammonium from the water
to produce microbial protein.
• To immobilize 1 kg ammonium N we need to add
20 kg of hydrocarbon(mostly mollasses).
• The C/N ratio of feed and added hydrocarbon
should be 20.
What’s new ?
Bio-floc RAS
(Bottom manifold-No bottom sludge)
Typical RAS
Achievement & Challenges
Construction of new Facility
• Demonstration farm (model farm) for limited
water exchange shrimp culture to aquarists
• Commercial scale greenhouse enclosed
raceway tanks
• Each raceway equipped with as follows;
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Recirculation pump with Venturi system
Bottom manifold (Spraying nozzles)
Aeration system (Blower and oxygen generator)
Protein skimmer as a foam fractionator
Settlling tank (Denitrification tank)
Heat pump for wintering
Automatic monitoring & warning system
Exterior of the Building
Located in Temperate Regions
(with 2-layered Plastic Cover)
Internal Feature (Raceway)
Some equipments
Automatic monitoring
Heating System (Heat Pump)
Nursery Trials
• Four raceways (12-18 m2)
• Limited water exchange
• Stocking
– L. vannamei of Postlarvae
(3,000-5,600/m3)
– June, 2007
Summary of Nursery Trials
• Yeild : Up to 4.22 kg/m3
• Survival rate (%) : 54.5%
• FCR : 0.79
Stocking
density
Initial
B.W.
(g)
(/m2)
(/m3)
Tank 1
0.09
1,846
3,000
Tank 2
0.09
3,462
Tank 3
0.08
Tank 4
0.08
Tank
Final
B.W.
(g)
(kg/m2)
(kg/m3)
42
1.73
1.53
5,625
42
1.45
2,333
3,818
42
3,333
5,455
42
Days
Yield
Surv.
rate(%)
FCR
2.49
48
1.02
1.89
3.31
40.6
0.79
2.03
2.58
4.22
54.4
1.03
1.97
2.51
4.10
38.2
1.29
Grow-out Trials in Lined Pond
• Pond Size
– 2 HDPE lined ponds (500m2)
• Aeration
– Pond 1 : Paddle wheel and air injector
– Pond 2 : PDP with air injector
• Stocking
–
–
–
–
L. vannamei 150,000 (300/m2) of PL
Mean B.W. 0.15g
Stocking : July 9, 2007
Harvest : October 15 2007
• Management
– Limited water exchange
– EP diet(CP 38%), FCR 1.2
Summary of Grow-out Trials
in Lined Pond
• Yeild : Up to 2.72 kg/m2
• Survival rate (%) : 72.6%
Stocking
Pond
Harvest
B.W.(g)
Total No.
Density
(/m2)
Pond 1
0.015
150,000
300
Pond 2
0.015
150,000
300
Period
(days)
Survival
(%)
B.W.(g)
Total
(kg)
Production
(kg/m2)
91
12.5
1,362
2.72
72.6
91
12.2
1,282
2.56
70.1
Commercial Farm in Korea
Commercial Farm in Korea
• Commercial Farm
– Located in Goseong
– Limited water exchange system have been in use since 2004
• Tank Size : 190, 160, 300m2 (6 raceways )
• Productivity
– 6.7kg/m2/crop in 2007
– 6.9kg/m2/crop in 2008
Conclusion
• Limited water exchange shrimp culture system
stocked with Pacific white shrimp can be done
successfully in lined ponds and greenhouseenclosed raceways in Korea
• This technology can be conducted in shrimp
farms in Korea currently available as a tool to
minimize losses due to viral disease outbreaks
and to reduce environmental impact by shrimp
farming.
• However, there is much still to be learned about
the potential biological and economic benefits of
producing shrimp in bio-floc based limited water
exchange culture system in Korea.
Further Study
• Two crops a year in HDPE-lined pond
• Greenhouse enclosed Raceway Culture
year round (2 or 3 crops a year)
• Increase productivity per unit area
• Reduce operation costs
• Study on the heterotrophic bacterial and
nitrifying bacterial communities (including
unculturable bacteria)
Thank for
your attention !

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