Snímek 1

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What is SCIENCE?
What is the difference between
NATURAL and SOCIAL sciences?
What is covered by LINGUISTICS?
What is PHONETICS?
How does it differ from PHONOLOGY?
What is GENERALIZATION?
What is a (phonemic) SYSTEM?
What is CONTRASTIVE science?
What is SCIENCE?
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Any systematic knowledge-base or
prescriptive practice that is capable of
resulting in a prediction or predictable
outcome (from the Latin scientia, meaning
"knowledge")
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Answering questions
Asking them
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What is the difference between
NATURAL and SOCIAL sciences?
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Laws of nature vs. intuition
No clear-cut borders;
fluid continuum or range
Ends of spectrum:
Quantum mechanics vs. Philosophy
Economy vs. Linguistics
What is covered by LINGUISTICS?
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Phonetics and phonology
Morphology
Lexicology
Syntax
Stylistics
Pragmatics and Discourse Studies
Corpus Linguistics
Sociolinguistics, Psycholinguistics, etc.
What is PHONETICS?
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Study of speech sounds
Syllables
Stress
Rhythm
Intonation
How does PHONETICS
differ from PHONOLOGY?
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Letters vs. speech sounds
Generalization
Concrete realization vs. Abstract units
Speech sounds vs. Phonemes
What is a (phonemic) SYSTEM?
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Elements (phonemes)
Connections and relationships among
them
Change of one element is reflected in
the whole system
Open systems vs. closed systems
What is CONTRASTIVE science?
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Comparison and contrast of sound
material of different languages
Mostly English/Czech (not exclusive)
Fixed vs. Relative length of vowels
Different function of tones
in English and Chinese
Some notes
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British vs. American English
Active skills vs. passive knowledge
Received Pronunciation (RP)
Transcription symbols of
International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
Production of speech sounds
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Expiratory air flow
Lungs – bronchi – trachea – larynx
Vocal folds (wide open, narrowing or
closed)
Pharynx - oral (or nasal) cavity
Articulators modifying the air flow
Articulators
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Soft palate
Hard palate
Alveolar ridge
Tongue
Lips
Teeth
Nasal cavity
(k)
(s)
(t)
(p)
(th)
(m)

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