14/TOBACCO COMPANIES CYAN MAGENTA YELLOW BLACK Philip Morris is the world’s largest transnational tobacco company, whose Marlboro brand is the world leader. In 1999 the company had sales of over US$47 billion. However, excluding the US domestic market, BAT sells the most cigarettes worldwide and has the largest network in the most countries. The tobacco industry is a mixture of some of the most powerful transnational commercial companies in the world. Tobacco companies, which frequently merge, own other huge industries and run an intricate variety of joint ventures. State tobacco monopolies have been in decline since the 1980s. About 7,000 medium to large state-owned enterprises were privatised in the 1980s and a further 60,000 in the 1990s after the collapse of the former Soviet Union. From the late 1990s, the IMF has pressurised countries such as the Republic of Korea, the Republic of Moldova, Thailand and Turkey to privatise their state tobacco industry as a condition of loans. The remaining monopolies represent a combined consumption of 2 billion cigarettes or 40 percent of the world’s total cigarette consumption. Since the early 1990s, the cigarette companies have massively increased their manufacturing capacity in developing countries and eastern Europe. Where once the rich countries exported “death and disease”, increasingly these are manufactured locally. 50 Tobacco Companies ICELAND FINLAND NORWAY SWEDEN British American Tobacco ESTONIA RUSSIAN FED. LATVIA DENMARK UNITED KINGDOM LITHUANIA IRELAND BELARUS NETH. POLAND Reemsta CZECH BELGIUM FRANCE UKRAINE GERMANY REPUBLIC LUX. HUNGARY AUSTRIA SWITZ. ROMANIA RUSSIAN FEDERATION CROATIA C A N A D A Altadis BULGARIA ITALY SPAIN PORTUGAL GREECE KAZAKHSTAN Philip Morris TUNISIA MOROCCO UNITED STATES OF AMERICA TURKEY Philip Morris $47.1 billion CYPRUS TUNISIA LEBANON IRAQ JORDAN LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYA MEXICO R J Reynolds PAKISTAN EGYPT UAE SAUDI ARABIA INDIA OMAN HONDURAS GUATEMALA EL SALVADOR NICARAGUA JAPAN C H I N A ISL. REP. IRAN BAHRAIN DOMINICAN REPUBLIC CUBA JAMAICA Japan Tobacco International REP. KOREA ISRAEL MOROCCO ALGERIA BANGLADESH MYANMAR Hong Kong SAR VIET NAM THAILAND PHILIPPINES BARBADOS COSTA RICA PANAMA VENEZUELA TRINIDAD & TOBAGO GUYANA SURINAME COLOMBIA ÒWe see the new markets opening up in Central Asia and the Commonwealth of Independent States as really being the future of BAT well into the next century.Ó DPR KOREA UZBEKISTAN ALGERIA SIERRA LEONE GHANA 14 NIGERIA SRI LANKA CAMEROON MALAYSIA UGANDA KENYA ECUADOR SINGAPORE DEM. REP. CONGO UNITED REP. TANZANIA BAT $31.1 billion BRAZIL PERU ZAMBIA I N D O N E S I A MALAWI ZIMBABWE BOLIVIA FIJI MAURITIUS CHILE AUSTRALIA BAT, 1994 SOUTH AFRICA URUGUAY ARGENTINA JTI $21.6 billion 16.4% 15.4% Leading manufacturer by country NEW ZEALAND headquarters location of major transnational tobacco companies The Big Five Leading transnational tobacco companies 1999 Philip Morris Austria Tabak British American Tobacco (BAT) Gallaher Japan Tobacco International (JTI) state monopoly Reemsta other Altadis no data 7.2% Reemsta $6.1 billion 2.6% Philip Morris BAT JTI Reemsta Altadis $2.3 billion percentage of global market share 1.9% Altadis revenue US$ billions 51
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