Ch 15

Ch 15 - 16
Ordinary Household Acids
Lemon Juice
Orange Juice
Lime Juice
Vinegar
Apples
Grapes
Sour milk
Pop
Citric acid
Acetic acid
Malic acid
Tartaric acid
Lactic acid
Phosphoric acid
Acids are also found in aspirin, vitamin C, eyewash, tea, pickles,
etc. They play an important part in digestion.
Property of Acids
Sour taste
2. Change color with acid/base indicators:
1. Litmus paper – red
2. Phenolphthalein – colorless
3. pH paper – check the color code
3. React with active metals to release H2
Ba(s) H 2 SO4 (aq) BaSO4 (aq) H 2
1.
Strong Acid + Strong Base = “salt” + H2O
HCl NaOH
NaCl H 2O
5. Some acids conduct electricity & are called electrolytes.
4.
Ordinary Household Bases
Soaps
Tums
Rolaids
Laxatives
Ammonia for cleaning
Drain Cleaners
Milk of Magnesia (MOM)
Sodium Hydroxide - lye
Calcium Hydroxide
Aluminum Hydroxide
Ammonia
Sodium Hydroxide
Magnesium Hydroxide
Common Uses for Acids
Sulfuric Acid:
Used in petroleum refinery & manufacture of fertilizer
Used for the production of metals, paper, paint, dyes,
detergent, etc.
Used in car batteries
Nitric Acid:
Used in explosives
Used to make rubber, plastic dyes and pharmaceuticals
Phosphoric Acid:
Used in the manufacture of fertilizer, animal feed,
detergents, and ceramics.
Used as a flavoring agent for beverages
Used as a cleaning agent for dairy.
Hydrochloric Acid:
Used in digestion (stomach acid)
Used as a general cleaning agent, food processing, and
activation of oil wells.
Acetic Acid:
White vinegar is 4 – 8 % acetic acid
Used in fungicides
Properties of Bases
Bitter taste – may cause skin rashes and burns like acids
2. Change color with acid/base indicators:
1. Litmus paper – blue
2. Phenolphthalein – bright pink
3. pH paper – check the color code
3. Dilute aqueous solutions feel slippery.
4. Strong Acid + Strong Base = “salt” + H2O
1.
(same as acids)
5.
Some bases conduct electricity & are called electrolytes.
When acids form, a hydronium ion (H3O+) forms.
Ex. HCl (g) + H2O
H2O + H+ + ClH 3O
Bases form hydroxide ions (OH-)
KOH + H2O
K+ + OH- + H+ + OH-
DEMO
Acid Rain
http://www.epa.gov/acidrain/
16.1

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