BY2012 Microbiology Gallery of Ciliates Ciliates - Characteristics ¾ Found almost everywhere – lakes, ponds, rivers, oceans, soils ¾ Have short hair-like surface structures termed cilia ¾ Have two types of nuclei – macronuclei (polyploid, general cell regulation) and micronuclei (diploid, reproduction) ¾ Have contractile vacuoles that collect and expel excess water from cells to maintain osmotic pressure/ionic balance ¾ Feed on bacteria, algae and detritus SEMs of Different Genera of Ciliates 3 2 1 5 4 7 6 8 1. Aspidisca 2. Loxocephalus 3. Colpoda 4. Blepharisma 5. Paramecium 6. Colpidium 7. Holosticha 8. Uronema Paramecium – Ciliate SEM Paramecium – Ciliate Posterior contractile vacuole Food vacuole Cytoproct Cytostome Buccal cavity with rows of cilia Cilia Macronucleus Oral Trichocysts vestibule Anterior contractile vacuole Micronucleus Oral groove Paramecium caudatum Contractile vacuole Food vacuoles Macronucleus Phase contrast microscopy Oral vestibule Buccal cavity Contractile vacuoles Nomarski differential interference contrast microscopy Paramecium caudatum Cilia Food vacuole Contractile vacuole Macronucleus Contractile vacuole Paramecium Food vacuole Macronucleus Contractile vacuole Contractile vacuole Paramecium SEM showing cilia covering surface of Paramecium Paramecium caudatum Posterior contractile vacuole Cilia Macronucleus Oral vestibule Anterior contractile vacuole Paramecium caudatum Paramecia undergoing mitosis Tetrahymena thermophila Oral vestibule Macronucleus Cilia A free-living ciliate in freshwater – macronuclear genome sequenced Hypotrichous Ciliates Euplotes Euplotes Euplotes Some ciliates possess tufts of cilia rather than cilia covering their complete surface and have fewer cilia than paramecia Oxytricha fallax A hypotrichous ciliate Aspidisca Colpidium colpoda Oral vestibule Macronucleus Contractile vacuole Macronucleus Colpoda inflata Uronema spp. Blepharisma Macronucleus Holosticha Stentor roseli Stentor is a sessile ciliate, usually attached to algae or detritus, a filter feeder with a horn- or trumpetshaped body with a ring of cilia (arrowed) around the mouth of the horn that sweeps particles into the horn Macronucleus and Micronuclei of Paramecium cilia Micronuclei arrowed Two micronuclei are present in Paramecium Macronucleus and Micronucleus of Ciliates Nomarski micrograph of Eudiplodinium macronucleus (pink) micronucleus (red, arrowed) Nomarski micrograph of Entodinium macronucleus (pink) micronucleus (red, arrowed) Micrograph of Paramecium macronucleus (blue) micronuclei (blue dots, arrowed)stained with DAPI Macronucleus and Micronucleus of Stegotricha Ma K M Stegotricha stained with silver protein showing the micronucleus (M) situated anterior to macronucleus (Ma), a cytopharngeal structure (C) and the body surface covered by evenly spaced slightly oblique ciliary rows (K) (kineties)
© Copyright 2024 Paperzz
