4/15/2015 BBio 352, Spring 2015 •Agenda for Wednesday, April 15 • Finish muscles • Muscle cell diversity • Asynchronous muscle and the miracle of flight • Start digestion • Motility/smooth muscles • Food acquisition/digestion: comparisons • • • • Intracellular vs. Extracellular Aquatic vs. Terrestrial Mammal vs. Non-mammal Carnivore vs. Herbivore Survival of the fittest? Humans (BBio 241) vs. Animals (BBio 352)! 1 4/15/2015 3 main types of muscle Skeletal Cardiac Smooth Organization of thin & thick filaments Activation mechanism Calcium source Calcium regulation of contraction Contraction speed & endurance Digestion overview: 4 stages Sherwood Fig. 14-1 ATP production 2 4/15/2015 Motility: moving the contents of the digestive tract Sherwood Fig. 8-28 • Powered by smooth muscle 2 types of motility in digestive system • Propulsive • Mixing 3 4/15/2015 Recall: earthworm hydrostatic skeleton… Smooth muscle contraction along GI tract https://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/test-2/deck/5841412; original source unknown http://wps.pearsoncustom.com/wps/media/objects/5697/5834441/ebook/fig/big/ch-30-01d.jpg 4 4/15/2015 What kind of motility happens here? http://apbrwww5.apsu.edu/thompsonj/Anatomy%20&%20Physiology/2020/2020%20Exam%20Reviews/Exam%203/CH23%20Stomach%20Anatomy.htm Original source unknown Food acquisition/digestion: comparisons • Intracellular vs. Extracellular • Aquatic vs. Terrestrial • Mammal vs. Non-mammal • Carnivore vs. Herbivore 5 4/15/2015 Digestion: intracellular vs. extracellular •Basic options • 1. import food into cells • protists, sponges, some cnidarians • 2. export digestive enzymes out of cells Intracellular digestion by sponges johnmccraess.ocdsb.ca; original source unknown 6 4/15/2015 • Intracellular digestion • Advantage vs. extracellular digestion? Simplicity! • Limitations vs. extracellular digestion? Food acquisition: aquatic vs. terrestrial • Aquatic • Prey often suspended in viscous medium • Suction feeding <===> ram feeding • • • • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6emvb4QHGiU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TbGILi8p5Y8 Kinetic jaws Size of mouth opening • Terrestrial • Must contact prey • Inertial feeding: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RXaMjaf0_mo • Muscular tongue 7 4/15/2015 “Hydrodynamic tongue”: a step along the aquatic/terrestrial transition? • Mudskipper: amphibious fish that seeks food on land! • Brings mouthful of water onto land…. Why??? • http://www.livescience.com/50198-water-tongue-helpsfish-feed.html Food acquisition: mammals vs. non-mammals • Difference in metabolic rates? • Mammals have a palate! http://training.seer.cancer.gov/head-neck/anatomy/overview.html 8 4/15/2015 Food acquisition: mammals vs. non-mammals • Mammals have specialized teeth! • Mammals have a steady, predictable # of teeth (“precise occlusion”)! A: mouse; B: pig; C: dolphin. Brooke A. Armfield et al., PeerJ 2013 Food acquisition: herbivores vs. carnivores • Which is the carnivore? (photos: Bone Clones) 9 4/15/2015 CARNIVORE HERBIVORE Tooth actions Jaw joint vs. tooth line Key muscle 10
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