Acta
Bolanica
498-520
(1963)
Waters
Dune
I
12
Neerlandica
in
Breede
Quackjeswater,
P.
Netherlands.
the
water
and
Vogelmeer
Leentvaar
Bilthoven
{RIVON,
(R1V0N-communication
)
156 )
nr
1963 )
{received August 5th,
Abstract
chemical
Monthly
dune
water
(origin
±
is
is
1500)
±
related
the
and
in
no
and
plankton samples
the
on
decalcification
to
Water
and
Elodea is found. There
the
three
dune
in
difference
In
in
difference
a
could
and
the
exposition
certain
wind,
to
of view.
place
In
the first
seawind
prevailing
result
flora.
differences
Association
Vogelmeer
for
situated
1960 and
1959,
in
there
Chara
of
;
Myriophyllum
sp.,
plankton
of the
submerged vegetation,
situation
the
near
seashore,
on
the
dune
be
from
found in the dunes
the
near
rainfall
waters
found in
waters
sea
the
Protection
in
the
research
was
1961
are
other dune
not
waters
and
both
there is
industrial
no
recreational activities.
belonging
of Nature
the
to
situated
from
this
on
Netherlands
and
“Kennemerduinen”
out
in
given
taken
the island
on
Amsterdam,
at
Park
carried
as
development of fauna and
March
previous observations in
waters
age
by
given of monthly samples
are
National
data of
these
of different
isolated,
are
point
and the influence of
characterise
are
disturbance
the results
hydrobiological
a
paper.
the
1962
years
Similar
the
near
until
1957,
research
the islands in the Wadden-
1963.
The
monthly samples
analyses
2
liters
samples
sampling
by
plankton
net.
the
bordered
of
were
water
for oxygen
station
collected
open
difference
Quackjeswater
composition
density
conditions,
are
of Rotterdam,
the
1963. The
will follow
In
in the
in
(origin
Water
The
( Fontinalis antipyretica)
mosses
of
fresh-
Quackjeswater
heavy.
Quackjeswater and Breede Water
waters
The
IJmuiden.
January
the
vegetation
interesting
and little
pollution
Voorne southwest
water
a
differences
light
and
can
publication
the dune
zee
the
aquatic
difference
they
these dune
Thirdly,
and domestic
this
are
Moreover the
ecologically.
in
In
of
shallow
the
Breede
was
the Netherlands the shallow natural waters,
coast
In
a
the
In
three
In
age.
along the North Sea
the
found.
be
Vogelmeer
are
from
Netherlands.
decalcification
vegetation
a
caused by
waters,
taken
were
the
submerged vegetation.
of organic matter and
Breede
salinity
a
of
westcoast
1920) and the Vogelmeer (origin 1952)
plenty
in
waters
the
pouring
Finally
were
all
titration
water
the
trees
and
in
were
water
also from
(30
level
were
day.
one
straight
to
the
fixed before
temperature
four buckets
Quackjeswater samples
by
taken
taken
was
liters)
was
For
chemical
laboratory
At
taken. Plankton
was
of
water
through
498
a
noted.
taken from
the northern part
the southern part surrounded
landscape.
and
transport.
by
an
DUNE
The
results
of
analyses
the
IN
chemical
in lists.
plankton
of the
given
of
WATERS
analyses
In
the
abundances of
relative
499
NETHERLANDS
THE
the
in
given
are
lists
plankton
the
graphs;
estimation
an
is
species.
RESULTS
Chlorid
The
observations
monthly
the Breede Water is
show
that
the
of
amount
chlorid
in
always 20 mg/1 higher than that from Quackjes-
and
water
Vogelmeer. The difference between Quackjeswater and
Vogelmeer is only a few milligrams. Except under icecover (January
the concentration of salts
1963), when
of
chlorid
did
considered
of the
In
not
fresh
as
exceed
100
waters,
in
spite
of
chlorid
the
summer
This
is
of the
course
chlorid
is
amount
the
in
(see
10
ruled
and
This
position of the rainwater. Near the
coast
60
approximately
in relation
be
kilometers from
in
one
tember in
1941),
there.
also
by
drops
a
in
As
Vogelmeer).
organisms
on
only
to
a
sandy
soils
the
same
at
Chlorid fluctuated
due
differences
to
in
difference
rainwater contains 16
the
the
in relation
salt
more
This fact could
year.
at
level
and
coast
sea
is
com-
mg/1 Cl;
(Hilversum)
4 mg/1
important factor
an
composition of the rainwater. Seasonal differences
by differences in the direction of the wind and wind
stormy night
one
also
the
to
caused
velocity (Maschhaupt,
In
spring
investigated
not
1938). The distance from the
(Leeflang,
in
influence of
situated
were
is
but
may
be
course
and
water
level
an
constant
more
mg/1.
The
waters,
evaporation,
precipitation
at
the
out.
shallow
was
15
and
summer
water
unutilized,
of the country which
that chlorid
between
be
other
of
graph
nearly
may
with
center
shows
time,
here
amount
should
waters
than
higher
in
year,
chlorid-ion
in the
is
by evaporation
during those periods.
biologically
Comparison
more
rule, the
a
the fluctuations in
of
caused
difference in rainfall
on
as
the dune
so
year.
winter.
the
increases
mg/1,
Vogelmeer
to
of salt
transport
might be precipitated
explain the high
(see
amount
than
of Cl
particles.
normally
on
19
Sep-
graphs).
The constant
higher chlorid of the Breede Water may be explained
by the geographic position just near the sea coast and the nature of
the subsoil.
from
Water
was
The
water
more
A
station
similar
no
At
in the
normally except
showed
decrease
that
a
was
date,
been
1960.
that of
than
porous
has
in
concentrations of chlorid
conductivity.
was
research
Forestry Service
do not differ
sampling
ice.
Hydrologic
the State
on
decrease
the
by J.
ter
the
Hoeve
Breede
Quackjeswater.
places
two
in
the
Quackjes-
13 December when the northern
caused
found in
in
done
The bottom of the
the
by
the
thawing
of
concentration of Ca
south of the
Quackjeswater
the
and
there
icecover.
The concentration of chlorid in the Breede Water fluctuates between
80-100
mg/1, that of the Quackjeswater between 60-75 mg/1 and the
Vogelmeer
data:
between
Breede Water
55-75
May
mg/1.
1957
Other
100
observations
sustain
mg/1; Quackjeswater
May
these
1957
500
mg/1; September
80
Hofker
and
The
1961
van
Breede Water 84
of
74
(1932)
and
biological analysis of these
brackish
water
fresh-water
surprising.
organisms
The chemical
vations
the
Some
on
concern
the
same
two
in
the
data of
dune
Dr.
waters
in the
Breede
van
So
other
and
conclusions
natural
are
given
in
here:
showed
a
Water,
which
observations of
told
and
the Breede
ponds
1930
have
and
me
been
pools
Tenellaplas,
in
the
mg/1.
community
was
1962
and of
rather
are
that the
moreover
Water
mg/1.
in
118
Quackjeswater,
Rijsinge
may
1960 60
August
Quackjeswater
incidental observation,
an
the island of Voorne
in the
biological
Quackjeswater
day.
found
organisms
and
concordance with each other.
from 1930
March
mg/1; Vogelmeer
Rijsinge
mg/1 chlorid
predominantly
on
LEENTVAAR
P.
were
in
data
the obsernot
done
erroneous.
the
near
dune
the
area
of
biological
DUNE
station Weavers’ Duin:
Goudvispoel
54
the
sea.
“Oude
and 256
The
mg
Electric
The
liter.
conductivity.
gives
The
in
sampling stations
the end of
September
water
In
only
May,
increases
in
and
are
Four
144,
resp.
situated
pools
on
340
180,
the
near
sea
from the subsoil may well
as
the values
comparison
with
found in
the
In
that
are
be
other
As
inland
Vechtplassen,
is
at
as
waters
are
in
to
both
sharply until
Quackjeswater,
but
disappear
in
from
by organisms.
The effect however is
rather
which
ions
constant.
chlorid-ions
implicated
conductivity
rather
utilized
of
parallel
conductivity
electrolytes
picture.
lower.
runs
decreases rather
case
are
same
the
is
amount
waters
that of
to
this
these
the
must
broads,
show
parallel
total
the
surface
conductivity
again.
shows
in
most
Quackjeswater
runs
summer,
other ions
the
in
graphs
the
then
Vogelmeer
example
pools
mg/1;
considerable distance
at a
1957
water
insight
an
In the Breede Water the
summer,
Salt
70
data.
chlorid-ion
The
the
marked
May
in
1961
mg/1; September 1961
polluted by waterfowl.
These
of dunes.
these
conductivity
water.
The
1957 42
conductivity
the
the
mg/1; September
May
had
strand”
chlorid per
have influenced
is
501
NETHERLANDS
situated in the dunes
are
row
THE
1957 76
May
Tenellaplas
Groene
behind the first
IN
Weevers’ Duin;
near
mg/1. Both ponds
from the
WATERS
are
increasing
less
in
well.
in
our
low.
country,
Similar
as
values
moderate hard
for
are
waters.
Calcium-hydrocarbonate equilibrium
In the Breede Water
and total hardness
are
and
the
Vogelmeer the graphs of Ca,
HCO3
similar. Under the influence of the assimilation
502
of
P.
the
in
organisms
green
decreases and
the
July, August
changes
are
that
that the
of the
a
calcium
mounts.
waters
are
similar
In the
HCO3
of
a
The
to
amount
of
Quackjeswater
and
pH
many
deposits
is
HCO3
Vogelmeer
practically
throughout
the
no
year.
Westhoff
(1953)
totally different from
type.
character of
that of
precipitated,
marked in the
different
trifoliate, Comarum palustre,
considerable
very
the Breede Water is
vegetation of
is
carbonate is
This is
September.
found in Ca,
Quackjeswater.
Quackjeswater
Menyanthes
and
these
Chemically
states
to
pH
LEENTVAAR
the
vegetation
inland fresh
Utricularia
formed.
neglecta,
of
waters,
the
with
inter alia and
DUNE
My
observations in
own
I also
observed
waters
As
dense
plankton
dense
does
Barth
of Chara is
can
sp.)
by lack
affect
and
They found
others.
the
In
the
caused
the
In
for
CO2
of
bicarbonate
in
little
concentration
organic
that
is
in
and
content
heavy
a
and Phanéro-
of
was
very
this
dissolved
In
of the
increases
hardness,
which
may
hardness,
station.
on
little.
though
which
algae
a
be
In
visible
19
the action
by
At
HCO3.
the calcium and
in
the
spot
of
the HCO3
by
a
by
calcium
of
In
environment.
September
at
the
was
same
very
19
time
low, but
dissolved and
calcium
has
summer
and
very
marked
non-
for
and
station
total
at
filamental
the total
the southern
diminished assimilation
and the presence of
rather
autumn
the
sampling
lower than
a
decalcification
some
waterplants
are
Elodea
Chara,
an
graphs.
find
we
the northern
caused
Probably this is
this overshadowed
hardness
values in
graphs this is
the
caused
Quackjeswater
lower. At
found and
already.
September
on
caused
use
low
been said
has
as
CO2 is
conductivity,
the concentration of
Quackjeswater
value,
is
as
matter,
was
the total
correlate with
to
organic
the
constant
it
high. At August 21
seems
to
water.
Vogelmeer is
concentration of calcium
very low
Cl
HCO3.
amount
dissolved
Vogelmeer also has a submerged vegetation
Myriophyllum and resembles the Breede Water as
now
only
high
decalcification
difference in
a
pH of the
However décalcification in the
a
see
like
mosses
streams.
The
and
of
the
matter.
submerged vegetation
and the Breede Water results
and
of
These observa-
assimilation,
lakes and
there
difference in
The
of
high
a
content
Breede Water
the
Chara.
high
a
calcium-
vegetation
bog lakes, the littoral of lakes subjected
as
profundal
Quackjeswater
by
so
*
'.
CO2, such
action,
wave
and
of green
and HCO3
active.
very
In both
develops.
scarce
very
that the
see
In the
here Chara sp.,
and
like Elodea
algae
Potamogeton, Myriophyllum
,
games
As a result
in
with a
waters
mosses
occur
submerged
only
of dissolved
picture but
by observations in the laboratory,
dissolved
use
is
that
the concentration of Ca
(1957)
only
can
we
and
( Mougeotia
suggest
Finally,
confirmed
are
'
Fontinalis
this
predominant.
were
plankton
These facts
vegetation
water, but that the
very poor
algae
vegetation,
affect
not
was
filamental
equilibrium.
tions in the field
with
agree
only bottom vegetation
organisms,
Ruttner,
of
transparant.
hydrocarbonate
Fontinalis
roughly
canadensis inter alia
growth
result of this
a
the water is
1962
503
NETHERLANDS
predominant growth of Fontinalis antipyretica.
a
uniflora, Elodea
a
THE
IN
growth of Fontinalis
Breede Water
Littorella
WATERS
more
activity
dissolved
CO2.
Temperature
The
is
only
meters
warms
one
ture
distance
a
between the
few kilometers.
to
up
the north.
The
later and in
degree lower. In
curves.
In
The
Quackjeswater
graphs
summer
autumn
September
and the
Breede
Water
Vogelmeer is situated about 100 kiloshow that in
the maximum
there is
spring
the
Vogelmeer
temperature
is about
little difference in the tempera-
and November
temperature has increased
504
P.
during
were
a
period
ice
warm
weather. After December 13 all dune
the
oxygen
graphs
and
the
biochemical
line of
oxygen
theoretical
only
respiration
on
the
26th
of various
the assimilation of
of
July
organisms
green
sufficient
with
organisms.
the
saturation is
given.
Quackjeswater
oxygen
some
In
demand
oxygen
The oxygen values in the northern part of
that
waters
covered.
Dissolved
In
of
LEENTVAAR
is
present
oversaturation
the southern
part
show
for
caused
the
by
the oxygen
DUNE
saturation is
oxygen
complete.
In the
March
caused either
5
and
Water, however, is
coupled
the BOD5
with
is
a
very
not
difference in
a
saturation
oxygen
of the
by
overshadowed. The
high
vegetation
Organic
oxygen
The
supersaturation
consumption
dense
is
and
on
In
but the oxygen saturation is
high again,
not
are
that
July 26
winter,
low
sufficient
to
as
a
make
in unfiltered water,
as
growth of submerged
more
open
the dune
waters
vegetation.
water
is
In
are
very shallow with
the Breede Water
matter,
oldest
one
the
Quackjeswater
(origin
accumulated. The
±
1500)
Breede
and
present.
graphs show, that the Vogelmeer contains the smallest
organic
the
possible about the different roles played by bottom
plankton in the production and consumption of oxygen.
of organic matter in filtered and unfiltered water was
by the KMn04-test. The total amount of organic matter
Vogelmeer
have
(see BOD5).
to
The Breede
amount
higher
The
of
graph).
(see
matter
estimated
the
oxygen
light intensity
conclusions
some
a
sufficient
fairly parallel
runs
Quackjeswater
result of diminished assimilation. The data
is
21
August
consumption.
oxygen
Breede Water
of the northern part
is
505
NETHERLANDS
Quackjeswater show big differences in the
difference in
a
THE
oversaturation may be found. So the northern
part and the
or
southern part of the
by
IN
Between
balance. These may be
or
WATERS
the
and
Water
largest.
much
The
organic
originated
in
amount
Quackjeswater
±
matter
1920,
may
when
506
the
dune
valley
in
excavated
In
the
organic
matter
of
ment
the
that
of
is
finally
was
Water
At
August
organic
lowered.
a
of
be
only
guessed from
growth of phytoplankton
is
very
a
Cylops).
In
developand
to
an
the
in
decreases,
cor-
activities
large quantity of
limited
as
the
increases
matter
is
to
Dinobryon)
increase of PO4 and NH4. The relation
can
This
diminished
matter
organic
the
in
relation
a
Peridinium,
,
decrease
21
dissolved
there is also much
be
may
(Dinobryon
(especially
is
cover
organic matter, probably by
season.
an
there
so
dissolved
plankton;
Vogelmeer
matter
mineralisation
and
water
Breede
the
The
Under ice
activity.
of
sea.
organic
more
summer.
microorganisms
microorganisms
The
the
bacteriological
responding with
of
and
microorganisms
the
course
of
there is less
increased
from
bacterial
as
unfiltered
development
autumn
closed
Quackjeswater
found in
In
was
1952.
during spring
water
of
LEENTVAAR
P.
zoo-
during that time
year.
curve
the
(Polyarthra
flagellates.
of
organic
Breede
Keratella
,
matter
Water.
We
cochlaris)
in
also
the
see
Vogelmeer
an
increase
runs
of
parallel
to
zooplankton
and of undetermined unicellular
green
WATERS
DUNE
P
NH 4
PO4,
varying
be
can
much
in
the
three dune
waters,
August
except
of the
in
it is
as
21
by
July
26,
on
time
NO2 is also
and
a
are
only
in
present
was
detected in
In
NH
,
on
and
4
spring
inorganic
see
that in
organic
October
is
PO4
Water, probably
We also
(northern
always
P0
in the
organic-NH 4 shows
is
4
low
in
12,
some
and
in
increasing
due
to
an
cases
the
slight increase
three
all
initial
inorganic
NH4
,
slight increase of PO4,
an
NH
4
as
coincide.
capable of using
in temperature shows
waters
starvation
the P0 -maximum
4
the maxima
by lack of organisms
a
absent
autumn
detected and it is clear that mineralisation
month later
and
summer
Water in the
Quackjeswater
NO3
rather
activities
biological
to
by the intense growth of the organisms.
maximum in
remain in solution
a
was
interest.
used up
but
the
is present.
maxima of P0
4
dissolved
case
November
NO2
Quackjeswater.
of
the Breede
a
NO2
waters.
the
in
early spring
and the
organisms.
preceded
and
NO3
ammonium
following points
dune
is
in
year;
Comparison of
the
,
conclusions in relation
no
graphs show that PO4 is high in
organic-NH 4 increase in the Breede
organic
Breede Water
At
so
and
4
of the
course
part)
507
NETHERLANDS
The
given.
NH
NH4
organic
,
quantities,
autumn;
THE
N-compounds
and
O4
IN
is
At
the
this
products
them.
In
increase of oxygen
and
organic-NH 4
508
follows,
fact
and
(see
that the
Quackjeswater).
metabolism
inorganic PO4
rather
For
dune
The relations
of
products
content
of
the
some
complicated
are
organisms
add
Conclusions
water.
to
by
the
organic
therefore
are
speculative.
Bacteriological
This
LEENTVAAR
P.
data
bacteriological
waters
was
Miss
by
examination
F.
C.
samples
were
of the
State
Roest,
done in connection with other research
of waterfowl
on
the
chemical
(guanotrophy).
The dune
of birds
all
and
Vogelmeer
so
and
and
waters
the Escherichia
the
are
taken
the three
Institute.
concerning the effect
quality of the water
only polluted by the excrements
biological
coli found will be bird
Breede Water
in
Sanitary
there
is
a
colony
coli. In
the
of blackheaded
WATERS
DUNE
IN
THE
gulls (Lams ridibundus), in the Quackjeswater only
are
few birds
a
(ducks)
present. The number of Coliform bacteria in the Vogelmeer
in the Breede
540,
9
water
this
Water 540, in the northern part of the
and in the southern part
into
matter
the water,
addition of PO4 is
situated
surrounded
estimated
found
inland,
more
cultivated
37° C
at
group
are
with other
nest
period
same
bring organic
the effect
other water,
an
nest
Molinia
on
after
cultivation
south
1150,
part
The
undetermined.
higher than that
order of
our
same
those of
the
last
group
of
bacteria
those
Wasmeer,
In
comparison
numbers in
much
very
was
were
The numbers of
of the
the
was
1400. Breede
part
magnitude.
(broads)
country
22° C
at
number
375, 510, 460, 320.
:
of the
in
increase of PO4
an
of
have been
must
In
birds
somewhat
slightly,
are
also
analyses
the land.
on
1500 and
at
counts
respectively
are
waters
the
was
Quackjes-
and here the number of Coliform bacteria
Vogelmeer
of the last group
group
the birds
Quackjeswater—north
1400,
In
noticeable. The influence
not
The bacterial
well.
follows.
the first
the
The birds
(Wasmeer Hilversum),
water
during
as
Water
by
32.
PO4.
especially
small, probably because
as
509
NETHERLANDS
the
first
lower.
Microorganisms
The
is
dune
dense
a
The
that
are
of
shallow
very
submerged
species
gracilis,
occur
Polyarthra
regularly.
Mytilina
sp.,
Botryococcus braunii,
spring
as
Synchaeta
1-2
(depth
These
The list
species.
sp.,
Diaptomus
Peridinium
sp.,
Dinobryon
Some
species develop
and
develop in
blue
algae
found
species
summer.
Flagellates,
common
in
green
in
predominantly
occur
are
in autumn,
dominant,
are
present
diatoms
algae, desmids, diatoms
and
summer
autumn.
eutrophic fresh and shallow
this is in accordance with the chemical
lates
well
quadrata, Synura uvella, Dyctiosphaerium
sp., Dinobryon sp. and others. The Cladocera reach maxima
Rotifera
shows,
Cyclops
are
mucronata,
Mougeotia sp.
sp., Keratella
and there
meters)
vegetation.
in number of
Quackjeswater is richest
some
sertularia,
in
waters
growth
and
few
are
in great numbers. There
are
analyses
also
of the
water.
green
algae
The
and
Flagelare
not
of Cladocera and
species
many
water
Rotifera.
There is
no
vegetation
organisms. Only
graphs
separate
There is
northern
and
were
part
longiseta,
integrum
were
the
found
and the
found:
is
mainly:
the
composition
southern
by
evenly
part
trees
numbers and of these
of the
the
of
plankton
in the
Quackjeswater.
The
and sheltered from wind. The
distributed and
Rotifera
Pleuroxus
rostrum,
Daphnia
Eurycercus
Platyias patulus,
aduncus,
gelatinous globules
Cladocera
mucronata,
Squatinella
by development of plankton
probably
no
factor
microorganisms in this relation. In the southern
Cladocera
Scapholeberis
sp.,
the
overshadowed
to
caused
added.
vegetation
importance
colour
species develop in great
difference in
some
part
submerged
few
are
northern part is
of
a
the
Lecane
green
luna, Filinia
algae
Pediastrum
of Nostoc sp. In the northern part,
longispina,
lamellatus,
Brachionus bakeri and
Simocephalus
Ostracoda,
the blue
expinosus,
Rotifera Rotaria
green
filaments
510
P.
LEENTVAAR
Table
1
Quackjeswater
1962
ice
ice
Month
Day
Day
Quackjeswater
ice
ice
34556789
3
4
5
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
12
5
2
2
2
28
28
26
21
18
12
12
15
12
11
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
11
32
53
31
11
1
11
21
21
1
1
21
22
22
1
11
2
2
22
1/63
Crustacea:
Cyclops
sp
Diaptomus
gracilis
....
Harpacticiden
Bosmina
11
1
1
.
111111
11
11
1
1
...
111
1
Simocephalus
Simocephalus expinosus
.
.
serrulatus
Simocephalus
Simocephalus serrulatus
.
.
.
Scapholeberis
Scapholeberis
Alona
1111111
11
11
1
1
1
Ill
11
1
.
.
.
1
mucronata
quadrangularis
..
1
.
.
111
1
.
.
1
1
1
1
sphaericus
111
1
11
111
1
11
1
1
1
11
1
1
1111
11
.
Rhynchotalona
Rhynchotalona
Peracantha
1
....
....
testudinaria
Graptoleberis
Graptoleberis
11
.
...
sp
sp
Chydorus
111
1
1
1
vetulus
I1
111
1
sp
Simocephalus
Simocephalus
22
22
11
11
11
....
....
Acroperus harpae
Alona
11
1
1
11
1
1
Daphnia
Daphnia longispina
1
11
11121
21
.
rostrata
.
.
1
.
1
truncata
....
lamellatus
lamellatus
Eurycercus
.
.
1
Pleuroxus
Pleuroxus
Alonella
Alonella
1111
1
1
1
1
.
...
Ostracoda
Ostracoda
aduncus
aduncus
111
1
1
1
Ill
1
1
1
....
....
1
nana
Ceriodaphnia pulchella
pulchella
.
.
111
1
111
1
.
Diaphanosoma brachyurum .
rectirostris
rectirostris
Camptocercus
.
.
Rotatoria:
Rotatoria:
Keratella
Keratella
cochlearis
Keratella
Keratella
quadrata
Polyarthra
11
sp
52
52
1
1
44
12
11
21
1
1
13
11
2
2
Platyias
patulus
Platyias
quadricornis
Testudinella patina
Trichotria
11
....
....
11
1
11
11111
111
1
11
II
11
....
....
111
1
11
2
1
1
1
.
...
.
.
11
....
1111111
1
11
11
1
1
111
1
11
tetractis
I111
11
....
....
Trichotria
Notholca
Rotaria
pocillum
111
1
foliacea
11
11
11
1
1
1
Ill
sp
Synchaeta
Ill
1
11
sp
Monommata
Monommata
Euchlanis
longiseta
longiseta
.
...
.
.
3
321
21
sp
Lecane
luna
Lecane
lunaris
.
1
.
.
11
1
1
11
1
1
1
11
1111111
1
11
11
11
11
1
11
1
1
1
mucronata
....
11
11
11
1
11
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
11
11
1
111
1
11
....
ventralis
Colurella
1
1
1
.
I1
Lecane
Mt.
Mt.
11
11
1
11
11
1
11111111
rhomboidula
Lepadella patella
Mytilina
I
11111
1
11
1
1
1
sp
Lepadella
1
11
1
1
11
11
1
111111111
....
var.
macr.
.
.
.
Ill
11
1
sp
Anureopsis
Squatinella
Trichocerca
Trichocerca
Brachionus
fissa
fissa
rostrum
rostrum
longiseta
longiseta
bakeri
111
1
.
1
1
111
1
1
1
11
11
112
11
2
11
11
1
1
....
....
...
.
.
.
1
1
11
1
1
1
DUNE
WATERS
Table
IN
1
THE
511
NETHERLANDS
(continued)
Quackjeswater
ice
ice
1962
Month
Month
34556789
3
6
7
4
5
5
8
9
Day
Day
Quackjeswater
Br.
11
11
12
12
1/63
1/63
5
2
2
2
28
28
28
28
26
21
21
18
18
12
15
15
12
11
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
luna
luna
1
Lophocharis
Lophocharis salpina
salpina
11
....
....
Scaridium longicauda
longicauda
1
...
.
.
Eudactylota
Eudactylota eudactylota
..
.
1
.
1
longiseta
Asplanchna
ice
ice
1
calyciflorus
Cathypna
Cathypna
Filinia
Filinia
10
10
1
1
1
1
sp
Protozoa:
Arcella
11
1
1
vulgaris
aculeata
Centropyxis aculeata
Difflugia
Difflugia
.
.
11
1
11
11
21
1
11
11
11
11
II
1
11
1
1
11211111
2
.
...
1
1
1
sp
Flagellatae:
Synura
uvella
Peridinium
11
23113
23
3
sp
Dinobryon
Dinobryon sertularia
.
...
.
.
Eudorina elegans
Pandorina
Euglena
morum
Euglena
Gonium
43
43
32
22
22
11
11
33
33
31
24
24
33
33
52
52
33
31
12
12
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
22
22
1
11
11
11
11
21111
2
....
1
11111
11
11
1
1I
sp
sp
sp
Phacus
pleuronectes
Phacus
longicauda
longicauda
12
12
13
13
11
11
11
1
11
1
1111
11
11
1
11
11
1
12
2
11
11
1
1
1
1
1
1
....
....
1
111
1
11
....
111
1
sp
Uroglena
Uroglena
11
111
1
1
1
11
11
111211
12
pectorale
tortus
tortus
1
2
11
1
1
1111
11
11
aureus
aureus
Phacus
Phacus
32
32
acus
Trachelomonas
Trachelomonas
Volvox
Volvox
111
1
23
volvox
1
2
12
Chlamydomonas
Gymnodinium
Gymnodinium
21
sp
1
sp
Undetermined
Undetermined
12
.......
21
21
1
2
2
111
1
1
1
1
1
22
22
1
1
11
Chlor ophyceae:
Chlorophyceae:
Pediastrum
Pediastrum biradiatum
Pediastrum boryanum
Pediastrum
duplex
.
.
.
.
1
.
acuminatus
acuminatus
Scenedesmus
submarina
submarina
Tetraedron
Tetraedron
minimum
1
1
1
11
1
1111
1
1
1
1
1
11
11
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
Tetraedron
Tetraedron
sp
1
.
...
.
.
.
1
31
131
11
3
11
32111
21
11111
1
11
11
1
1
1111111
1
11
11
11
.
1
1
.
.
2
2
111
1
11
111
1
1
1
1I
....
....
111
1
1
1
11111
1
11
11
11
....
....
.
...
.
Crucigenia
Crucigenia rectangularis
sp
1
11
11
11
braunii
braunii
Selenastrum gracile
Mougeotia
Mougeotia
1
1
1111
.
sp
falcatus
Ankistrodesmus falcatus
Ankistrodesmus
Oocystis
Oocystis
1
11111
1
11
11
1
1
Coelastrum microporum
microporum
Botryococcus
Botryococcus
.
.
11
.
.
sp
Dyctiosphaerium
Dyctiosphaerium
111
1
11
1
1
quadricauda
Scenedesmus
11
....
Pediastrum integrum/gland..
Pediastrum
integrum/gland..
Scenedesmus
111111
1
1
11
11
I1
.
.
...
.
1
1
..
1
1
.
.
11
11
12
13
33
33
11
14
14
14
22
1
1
11
512
P.
Table
LEENTVAAR
1
(continued)
Quackjeswater
Quackjeswater
ice
1962
Month
Month
3
3
4
5
Day
5
2
2
2
28
28
28
26
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
eswater
Quackjeswater
Quackj
Cladophora
5
6
6
7
7
sp
Zygnema
sp
10
10
11
11
12
12
21
21
18
18
12
12
15
15
12
11
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
1
sp
sp
Spirogyra
Spirogyra
11
2
2
ice
9
9
8
8
1/63
1/63
1
1112
1
1
1
2
11
1
1
Desmidiaceae:
Pleurentaenium
Closterium
Closterium
Staurastrum
Cosmarium
2
2
Ill
11
1
1
sp
Micrasterias
Micrasterias
11
1
2
12
1
11
1
11
1
1
1
111111
1111111
1
11
1
1
1
1
11111
1
11
11
11
.
truncata
1
1
...
.
.
2
11
12
12
1
1
1
2111212111
sp
kinahana
kinahana
Gonatozygon
Euastrum
1
1
sp
sp
sp
.
.
11
11
.
111111
1
1
1
11
1
sp
sp
Diatomeae:
Diatomeae:
Diatoma
11
11
elongatum
11
11
....1111
capucina
Fragilaria
crotonensis
crotonensis
N.
N.
.
...
.
11
11
11111
1
11
11
11
Ill
1
1
1
.
111
1
1
1
11211
11
11
2
12
12
11
111
1
sigmoidea
....
acicularis
Kleine
1
....
ulna
Synedra ulna
Nitzschia
1
....
Fragilaria
1111
11
1
1
2
1
11
21
21
1112121
21
pennatae
1
2
12
Cyanophyceae:
Cyanophyceae:
Cylindrospermum
sp.
.
...
.
Gomphospaera aponina
Gomphospaera
aponina
Chroococcus
Chroococcus
Nostoc
=
present,
*
=
present
3
3
12
2
1
11
1
1
sp
sp
Ill
1
1
1
11
1
1
11
1
1
sp
sp
2
in
1
1
.
sp
sp
Tolypothrix
1
12
1
2
.
11
1
1
.
=
few
specimens,
1959,
60
or
61.
3
=
many
specimens,
4
—
abundant,
5
=
very
abundant.
DUNE
WATERS
IN
THE
Table
513
NETHERLANDS
2
Vogelmeer
~
1962
1962
ice
ice
Month
Month
3
3
4
4
5
5
6
6
7
7
Day
5
2
2
28
28
28
26
11
11
8
9
10
11
12
12
21
18
18
12
15
15
12
12
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1/63
11
Crustacea:
Cyclops
sp.
sp
.
.
11
.
Daphnia
Daphnia longispina
Daphnia pulex
Bosmina
*
�
111
1
�
*
....
1
1
1
2
1112
Simocephalus
Alona
Alona
2
2
11
1
1
sp
sp
Acroperus harpae
Alona
2
2
....
.
.
.
vetulus
11
...
.
quadrangularis
quadrangularis
1
1
11
sphaericus
sphaericus
....
.
.
lamellatus
Eurycercus
.
.
1
1
11
.
Ostracoda
1113
1
1
1
3
Pleuroxus
Alonella
aduncus
nana
....
.
.
1
1
....
Ceriodaphnia
pulchella
Ceriodaphnia pulchella
Harpacticiden
Harpacticiden
.
.
....
uncinatus
Pleuroxus
Pleuroxus
Daphnia
1
1
.
...
sp
Chydorus
11
11
.
.
3
.
.
....
.
magna
*
�
.
.
Simocephalus serrulatus
.
*
�
.
Rotatoria:
Rotatoria:
Keratella
Keratella
cochlearis
cochlearis
Keratella
quadrata
quadrata
Polyarthra
....
11
1
1
....
.
.
1
1
sp
sp
acuminata
Notholca
Notholca
striata
....
.
.
2
2
1
1
1
1
111
1
1
1
2
3
2
2
2
2
1
1
11
11
11
1
1
1
1
Ill
11
211
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
11111113
3
1
sp
1
1
sp
sp
Cathypna
luna
1
....
1
1
sp
Lepadella patella
longiseta
Anureopsis fissa
.
1
1
1
.
.
12
1
2
....
3
....
sulcata
Pompholyx
Pompholyx
1
1
.
....
.
1
1
sp
Mytiina
Mytiina
3
.
sp
Trichocerca
Trichocerca
Colurella
Colurella
.
sp
Asplanchna
Asplanchna
mucronata
mucronata
*
�
....
.
.
lunaris
....
Brachionus
Brachionus
rubens
rubens
.
.
....
Mctopidia oxysternum
oxysternum
M.
M.
1
.
.
sp
Euchlanis
Lecane
Lecane
2
2
.
Synchaeta
Rotifer
1
....
Notholca
Notholca
Filinia
1
1
1
111
1
1
11
1
1
.
.
.
Lecane
11
....
.
.
Trichotria pocillum
Trichotria
foliacea
4
4
*
�
Testudinella
Testudinella patina
Notholca
Notholca
1
1
1
3
3
1121332333
2
3
3
2
3
.
.
.
.
.
triptera
triplera
Brachionus
bidens
Brachionus
bidens
Collotheca
Conochilus
Conochilus
.
.
.
.
.
mutabilis
mutabilis
....
unicornis
.
.
.
Protozoa:
Protozoa:
Ophrydium
versatile
1
1
...
1
1
1
514
P.
LEENTVAAR
Table
2
(continued)
Vogelmeer
1962
1962
3
4
5
5
Day
5
2
2
28
6
6
28
28
aculeata
Centropyxis
Arcella
ice
ice
Month
7
7
26
26
8
21
9
10
11
12
18
12
15
12
12
1/63
1/63
11
111
1
.
.
.
...
111
1
vulgaris
111
1
Flagellatae:
Eudorina
elegans
Pandorina
morum
....
Dinobryon sertularia
Peridinium
Peridinium
Gonium
1
1111
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
11
1
1
.
...
.
.
1
sp
1
12
2
Gymnodinium
Gymnodinium
11
1
1
sociale
sp
sp
Trachelomonas
Trachelomonas
volvocina
11
.
1
2
12
Undetermined
Uroglena
Uroglena
Volvox
1
3
3
2
2
133222
2
volvox
aureus
Chlorophyceae:
Botryococcus braunii
.
Pediastrum
integr/gl
Scenedesmus
Coelastrum
Coelastrum
.
....
microporum
microporum
2
1
1
2
1
1
1211
1111221
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
.
1
.
.
1
221
2
2
1
.
.
.
1
1
11
1
1
1
.
3
1
4
42
2
....
111
1
1
pulchellum
111
1
1
1
111
1
1
1
111
1
1
1
1
sp
*
�
biradiatum
biradiatum
.
.
.
*
�
Cladophora
Cladophora
Zygnema
Zygnema
3
1
1
sp
Oedogonium
2
.
sp
Pediastrum
1
1
1
Dyctiosphaerium
Mougeotia
2
2
sp
submarina
Spirogyra
.
....
Crucigenia rectangularis
Oocystis
.
...
quadricauda
Scenedesmus
1
.
...
.
Pediastrum boryanum
sp
sp
Kirchneriella
obesa
....
Desmidiaceae:
Desmidiaceae:
Cosmarium
sp
Staurastrum
Closterium
Euastrum
Euastrum
1
1111
1
1
1
1
1
13
1
3
Ill
1
1
1
sp
verrucosum
verrucosum
Gonatozygon
Penium
sp
111
1
2
2
1
I111
111
1
...
sp
1
1
sp.?
Pleurentaenium
Pleurentaenium
sp
Diatomeae:
Diatomeae:
Diatoma elongatum
elongatum
Fragilaria
capucina
Fragilaria
crotonensis
Synedra
Surirella
....
....
....
....
acicularis
33
3
3
2
1
1
121
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
11112211
1
1
1
1
111
1
1
1
Pinnularia viridis
Nitzschia
Nitzschia
111
1
.
sp
sigmoidea
1
3
...
.
.
sp
Nitzschia
Nitzschia
5
14
1
4
vulgare
Diatoma
111
1
111
1
....
....
....
3
2
32
111
1
DUNE
WATERS
Table
IN
2
THE
515
NETHERLANDS
(continued)
Vogelmeer
1962
1962
ice
ice
Month
Month
3
4
4
5
5
5
5
Day
5
2
2
2
28
28
3
1
kleine pennatae
pennatae
6
6
28
28
7
7
26
26
8
21
21
9
9
10
10
H
11
12
18
18
12
15
15
12
1
1
2
12
....
Cymatopleura
Cymatopleura elliptica
elliptica
1/63
1/63
11
11
11
...
.
Cyanophyceae:
1
1
Oscillatoria aghardii
aghardii cf
Anabaena
Anabaena
.
.
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
I
1
sp
Gomphosphaera aponina
Merismopedia
sp.
sp
.
Gloeiotrichia pisum
.
1111111
1
1
1
1
1
1
11
3
.
.
....
limnetica
Lyngbya
Lyngbya
1
.
.
.
1
1
....
.
.
Breede
Water
Water
1962
ice
ice
Month
Month
3
3
4
5
Day
Day
5
2
2
2
2
5
28
6
28
7
7
8
8
26
21
21
3
2
2
9
10
10
11
12
18
12
15
12
1/63
1/63
11
11
Crustacea:
Cyclops
2
sp
Daphnia longispina
Daphnia pulex
Bosmina
Bosmina
.
2
2
....
Acroperus harpae
harpae
Alona
.
.
.
13
1
3
2
2
3
2
2
1
1
Ill
1
1
1
1
1
Ill
1
1
1
1
.
...
quadrangularis
.
11
...
11
sp
Chydorus
sphaericus
11
....
.
.
lamellatus
lamellatus
Eurycercus
.
11 1
1
...
Ostracoda
Ostracoda
11
Pleuroxus
Pleuroxus
Alonella
Alonella
13
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
11111
sp
vetulus
Simocephalus vetulus
Alona
Alona
11
1
1
.
....
aduncus
.
.
11
1
1
nana
1
....
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia pulchella
pulchella
.
Ill
1
1
1
.
Ill
1
1
1
Harpacticiden
Pleuroxus
1
111
11
1
1
....
1
1
....
uncinatus
.
.
....
Daphnia
Daphnia
magna
Simocephalus
.
.
.
*
�
*
*
serrulatus
.
.
Rotatoria:
Keratella
Keratella
cochlearis
cochlearis
Keratella
quadrata
quadrata
.
....
.
Polyarthra
Polyarthra
Notholca
Notholca
Notholca
Notholca
Notholca
pocillum
.
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
22222
2
2
2
1111
....
.
.
1
1
.
1
....
1
1
1
1
1
.
1
1
1
1
1
.
acuminata
.
.
....
striata
Synchaeta
Euchlanis
.
1
1
1
1
1
2111211
2
2
1
2
2
patina
foliacea
foliacea
1
12
2
.
....
sp
sp
Testudinella
Trichotria
.
sp
Trichocerca
Trichocerca
.
.
1
1
11
1
12
2
12
2
1
1
1
1
sp
sp
Asplanchna
.
sp
1
1
1
1
1
1
1111
�
sp
111
1
516
P.
Table
LEENTVAAR
2
(continued)
Breede
Breede
Water
Water
1962
Colurella
3
4
5
5
5
6
Day
5
5
2
2
2
2
28
28
28
28
7
7
26
26
8
21
21
9
10
11
12
12
18
18
12
12
15
15
12
12
luna
111
1
sp
1
1
1
111
1
Lepadella patella
Filinia
�
*
longiseta
Anureopsis
Anureopsis
fissa
Pompholyx
sulcata
Rotifer
1/63
T/63
11
11
sp
Cathypna
Lecane
ice
ice
Month
111
1
1
1
1
1
....
sp
Mytiina
Lecane
mucronata
1
1
....
lunaris
1
rubens
Brachionus
1
1
....
Metopidia oxysternum
�
*
...
.
.
.
*
M.
triptera
triplera
Brachionus
*
bidens
bidens
mutabilis
mutabilis
Collotheca
Collotheca
*
....
*
unicornis
Conochilus
.
.
.
.
...
.
Protozoa:
Ophrydiuna versatile
Ophrydium
Arcella
.
1
Centropyxis aculeata
Centropyxis
...
.
.
.
1
vulgaris
111
1
Flagellatae:
Flagellatae:
Eudorina
1
morum
....
sertularia
Dinobryon
1
411
4
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
221111
1
.
...
.
.
Peridinium
Gonium
Gonium
Ill
1
1
1
elegans
Pandorina
sp
2
2
sociale
Gymnodinium
Ill
1
1
1
sp
Trachelomonas
volvocina
2
Undetermined
Undetermined
2
2
2
*
�
volvox
Uroglena volvox
*
Volvox
aureus
aureus
Chlorophyceae:
Chlorophyceae :
braunii
Botryococcus braunii
.
boryanum
Pediastrum
integr/gl
integr/gl
Scenedesmus
Coelastrum
1
Spirogyra
1
1
1
1
111
1
1
.
1
1
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
....
12
1
2
1
1
sp
Oedogonium
11
1111
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
sp
biradiatum
Cladophora
1
1
pulchellum
pulchellum
sp
Pediastrum
11
....
microporum
Dyctiosphaerium
.
.
sp
*
Zygnema
sp
Kirchneriella
1
111
1
1
1
sp
submarina
Mougeotia
1
1
.
....
Crucigenia rectangularis
Oocystis
.
...
.
quadricauda
Scenedesmus
Scenedesmus
1
1
1
1
1
1111122
2
2
.
...
.
Pediastrum
Pediastrum
*
obesa
....
1
1
DUNE
WATERS
Table
IN
2
THE
517
NETHERLANDS
(continued)
Breede
Breede Water
Water
1962
1962
ice
Month
Day
Day
3
4
5
5
6
7
8
9
34556789
10
10
11
12
12
5
5
12
12
15
15
12
12
2
2
2
2
28
28
28
28
26
26
21
21
18
18
1/63
1/63
11
11
Desmidiaceae:
Desmidiaceae:
Cosmarium
Cosmarium
Closterium
Euastrum
1
sp
sp
sp
sp
.
verrucosum
Gonatozygon
Gonatozygon
Penium
Penium
1
1
sp
sp
Staurastrum
.
.
.
1
11
1
1
1
1
1I
.
.
1
sp
sp.?
sp.?
*
�
Pleurentaenium
sp
Diatomeae:
Diatomeae:
Diatoma
elongatum
elongatum
Diatoma
vulgare
1
11
Fragilaria capucina
capucina
Synedra
.
.
.
.
11
.
.
11
sp
sp
Surirella
1
1
sp
Pinnularia
Pinnularia
viridis
viridis
Nitzschia
sigmoidea
sigmoidea
Nitzschia
Nitzschia
acicularis
acicularis
kleine
1
....
....
crotonensis
crotonensis
Fragilaria
11
1
1
....
....
1
11
....
....
....
....
1
pennatae
pennatae
Cymatopleura
Cymatopleura elliptica
...
.
.
11
1
.
:
Cyanophyceae:
Cyanophyceae
Oscillatoria
Oscillatoria aghardii
aghardii
Anabaena
....
1
1
sp
Gomphosphaera
Gomphosphaera aponina
aponina
Merismopedia
Gloeiotrichia
Gloeiotrichia
Lyngbya
Lyngbya
1
1111
1
1
1
1
.
*
*
sp
pisum
....
limnetica
2
....
Cylindrospermum
of
.
the southern
part
filaments. The
The influence of the
sp.
shows
greater light intensity in
clearly in the abundant growth of Mougeotia
occurrence
of the cladocere
watersurface in the northern
situation.
certainly
The
presency
an
of
important
may
constant
chemical
community
The
The
seems
Breede
dune
to
be
waters
are
and
more
and
leaves
or
the
are
In
so
fewer
present:
the
bottomliving
Cyclops sp.,
Vogelmeer
are
in
the
the
to
the
sheltered
water
are
is
in agreement with
found in the
composition
constant
Vogelmeer
organisms
Keratella
regularly
composition
undisturbed and have
the
less
years
were
are
cochlearis,
present:
of the
a
fairly
plankton
too.
are
different
Quackjeswater in composition of plankton. There is
and
clinging
by
factor.
composition
Water
explained
decaying
more
1962. No essential differences
plankton.
Scapholeberis
be
plankton observations in previous
those in
of the
The
also
part,
caught.
more
In
from
open
both
the
water
waters
Polyarthra sp., Asplanchna sp.
Keratella
quadrata, Pediastrum
518
P.
Cosmarium
integrum,
the
Breede
The
of
amount
and
scarcely
Breede
as
Botryococcus
Polyarthra
In
capucina,
braunii,
about
Vogelmeer
(spring,
the
some
are
Oscillatoria
cf. aghardii (spring); in the Breede Water these
sp.
under the ice
Except
great
very
numbers
of the
plankton
Fragilaria
was
It is of interest
The
This
van
species
found in
opinion,
general
lacking
An
of the
as
a
every
gracilis
only
made the
that
rule,
a
some
never
in
same
plankton
species
is
the
no
and
occurs
in
the
the
Polyarthra.
Oscillatoria,
in
were
freshwater
Quackjeswater.
shows
Oscillatoria
pisum.
only
Bosmina spp.
typical
a
exists
combination of
and
Cyclops
(summer ).
between
similarity
Gloeiotrichia
years
and
cf
spring.
found.
organism.
Hofker
and
observation. This
again strengthens
community in
body of
being present
a
every
year
water
and
is
others
year.
important
dune
and
a
the Breede Water
found
was
with
previous
Diaptomus
Rijsinge ( 1932)
constant
separately
that in
Copepod
Vogelmeer
Some
and the Breede Water
Notholca spp.
capucina,
also
aghardii
1962 the
3,
individuals.
the
(spring),
are:
Peridinium
(spring),
the
is
numerous
elongatum
species Dinobryon, Peridinium, Cyclops
stands
Vogelmeer
March
at
of
Quackjeswater
combination of the
The
Dinobryon
in
(summer
Fragilaria
autumn),
sp.
plankton of the
rather
cochlearis
Diatoma
(spring),
than
waters
autumn),
(summer,
capucina
less
two
in the
species
Keratella
autumn),
the
In
aponina.
Peridinium
pulex,
and
same
of diatoms
occurrence
the
Gomphospaera
Daphnia
difference between
striking
irregular
Water.
is
species
A
Quackjeswater.
Fragilaria
sp.,
Water:
LEENTVAAR
factor
waters
may
in
be
the
development
that in
dry
of the
summers
no
biocommunities
water
remains.
DUNE
This however
dune
waters
a
summer,
organisms.
It has
be
occurs
under
typical
only
community
These biotopes have
been mentioned
investigated in the
data will
provide
a
THE
IN
In
waters.
dry
found of
years
up
in the three
every
specially
year
in
adapted
may
been under observation this time.
that in 1963 other
The results will
discussed in
insight
in
microorganisms, bottom vegetation
shallow
many
that
not
way.
waters
better
pools
be
already
same
519
NETHERLANDS
with intervals of
discussion.
those of the three dune
of
WATERS
the
dune
be
waters
will
compared with
this paper.
complicated
Probably
the
interrelations
and chemical conditions in these
520
LEENTVAAR
P.
REFERENCES
Baars,
und
K.
J.
Barth,
H.
I.
fasc.
22,
1957.
und
Gewasser
1960.
J.
ter
Cosquino
Aufnahme
pflanzen.
Hoeve,
Le
J.
1960.
Bussy.
de
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Suisse
d’Hydrologie
1.
Abgabe
und
Enige aspecten
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van
von
van
de
und
COa
H
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bei
Waterhuishouding
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submerse
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17/18.
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Natuurbescherming
van
bet
DuinStaats-
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Hofker, J.
C.
en
1934.
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van
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van
en
1928-29.
1940.
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Ned.
Dierk.
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duingebied
van
36.
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1957.
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W.
1959. Verslag
duinen
1938.
L.
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de
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Meyendel. Rapp.
van
Inst. Gez. Techn.
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TNO.
35.
1963.
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Natuur
65.
60.
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het
eiland
Voorne.
RIVON-
rapport.
Maschhaupt, J.
G.
1938/41. Lysimeteronderzoekingen
proefstation
II,
Westhoff,
V.
te
Groningen
en
elders.
Versl.
1941.
1953.
Natuur
en
Techniek
21:
6.
en
aan
het
Landb.k.
Rijkslandbouwonderz.
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