Italian Unification (1861-1918)
“The Senate and the Chamber of Deputies have
approved; We have sanctioned and hereby promulgate as follows:
Single Article: King Victor Emmanuel II assumes
for himself and his successors the title of King
of Italy. Therefore, we hereby order that this Article, bearing the seal of State, be included in
the Official Collection of the Acts of Government, and that all subjects concerned observe
and enforce it as a law of the State. Done in
Turin, March 17 th, 1861.”
The Kingdom of Italy was thus officially proclaimed and the Single Article was included in law
No. 4671 of the Kingdom of Sardinia after the
Bill was approved by the Parliament on 14 March 1861. On 21 April 1861 it
became the first law of the newly-formed Kingdom of Italy.
This was the result of a process that, starting from the 7 different states into
which Italy was divided and proceeding through the 1st (1848-49) and the 2nd
(1859-1861) War of Independence and the Expedition of the Thousand (1860),
ended with Victor Emmanuel II being proclaimed King of Italy. The unification
process continued with the 3rd War of Independence (1866), the second expedition to Rome headed by Garibaldi (1867) and the annexation of Rome (1870).
The national unification process, that generated the current Italian State,
ended with World War I (1915-1918).
2 June 1946
Exactly 65 years ago, on 2 and 3 June 1946, the Italian people was called to
the polls in a universal suffrage national referendum to choose between the
monarchy and a republic. Since then, to celebrate this momentous event,
June 2 became a National Holiday, which for some time was celebrated on
the first Sunday of the month. In 2001, on the basis of Law no. 336, 20
November 2000, Republic Day was finally established as a national holiday
to be celebrated on 2 June.
This is the very message we
received from the patriots
and soldiers, young and old,
who made Italy.
We have the responsibility to
treasure and transmit this
message to our future generations, so that the sacrifice of
all our brethren who gave
their lives for the completion
of the unification process on
the battlefields of World War I
as well as in other wars, fought in and outside the national
territory, won’t be forgotten,
and will remind us that freedom is a precious gift, conquered at the cost of lives
and requiring to be nurtured and safeguarded through our continued commitment.
Our Armed Forces have marched side by side with Italian history, fighting to conquer
and maintain the unity of the country and to ensure that its borders and interests be
defended. They have contributed to maintain internal security, coping with natural
disasters and humanitarian emergencies, responding to the needs of the Italian people in situations as diverse as the 1908 earthquake in Calabria and Sicily and the
recent environmental emergency in Naples and in its province. The Italian military
are presently engaged in international peacekeeping and security missions abroad,
complex and often difficult activities, implemented in the best interest of the whole
community, also to contrast terrorism and keep its threat away from our homes.
In these 150 years of Italian history, the Italian Armed Forces have always responded to the call of their Homeland, proving their commitment and determination, regardless of sacrifice, showing superb loyalty and courage, and
deserving the love and gratefulness of the Italian people.
The reason why, as Minister of Defence in the year of the 150th anniversary of
the Italian unification, I called for all the celebrations of the various Armed Forces to be closely connected to this anniversary is that the history of the Armed
Forces and Italian history form a single, indivisible, wonderful reality.
Ignazio La Russa
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“150th anniversary of the Unification of Italy”
REPUBLIC DAY CELEBRATIONS
PROGRAM
10.00 am
Hosting of National Flag, Altare della Patria, Piazza Venezia
Italian President Giorgio Napolitano pays homage to the Unknown Soldier
11.00 am
Military Parade
1.00 pm
Joint Military Band Performance – Piazza Venezia
www.difesa.it
150 years ago, on 17 March 1861, in Turin, the proclamation of the Kingdom of
Italy and the birth of the Italian National State, reuniting under a single flag the
different states that composed Italy before its unification, marked the fulfilment
of the dream of many generations of patriots.
The successful result of the Expedition of the Thousand and the final defeat
of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies by the Savoy Army marked the end of a
process that had begun many years before, fostered by the works of poets
and writers such as Manzoni, Ippolito Nievo and Silvio Pellico; a process inspired by the ideas and actions of great patriots and enlightened statesmen,
Mazzini and Cavour in the first place. A process that was brought to a successful conclusion by the soldiers of the Piedmont Army and the scores of volunteers who, since 1848, rushed from every village to fight together on the
battlefields of the Italian peninsula to finally consign to history a united, free
and independent Italian state.
In 1860 the wholehearted belief that Italy could be unified drove Giuseppe Garibaldi, by then victorious, to accept the invitation to speak from the main balcony
of the Royal Palace in Naples. It was a memorable, farsighted speech, that is
still extremely meaningful: “Harmony is Italy’s first need, the second being unity
among all Italians”. These very significant words, a precious legacy for future
generations, were actually put into effect sometime later in Teano, where Garibaldi met Victor Emmanuel II and recognised him as the King of Italy. These
were the feelings that inspired the values of Risorgimento and the current national values: Democracy, Equality, Justice, Love for one’s country. These are
the sacred values that the Italian Armed Forces, which played a fundamental
role both in the unifying process and in the establishment and consolidation of
the feeling of national unity, are called to protect.
PARADE MARCHING ORDER
PROLOGUE
- Granatieri di Sardegna Band - 1786 (A)
- Under the “Tricolore”
( the Italian Flag)
- “Oliosi” flag- 1866
- Gonfalons of the Capitals:
Turin, Florence, Rome
PARADE BEGINS
- Carabinieri Band
- Troops Commander (A)
- Flags of the Armed Forces and
of the Guardia di Finanza (GdF)
- Gonfalons of the Italian Regions,
Provinces and Municipalities
- Military standards of Service and
Veterans’ Associations
SPECIAL AND HIGH
READINESS FORCES
- Joint Coy
(A, AF, N, CC, GdF, POLPEN)
- Grenadiers of Sardinia Coy
1st Regiment - Origins of the Italian
Army (A)
3rd Sub-sector (1915-1918)
World War I
(Historic Uniform)
- Commander, 2nd Sector (AF)
- Navy Formation - Origins of the Navy
- “Sassari” Brigade Band (A)
- Navy Band
- Carabinieri Coy
Origins of the Carabinieri
- Army Coy (Infantry- Grenadiers
Mountain Troops, Alpini)
- Friendly and Allied Nations’ Flags
- Guardia di Finanza Coy
Foundation of the GdF
- Navy Formation- Flags:
COMOS, “Carlotto” Regiment
- Friendly and Allied Nations’ Formation
2nd Sub-sector (1866-1914)
From the III War of Independence
to World War I
(Historic Uniform)
- Commander, 2nd Sub-sector (N)
- Army Coy - “Lancieri di Montebello”
(8th Rgt)
- Army Coy - Mountain Troops “Alpini”
(1872)
- Navy Formation
1 Flag, 2 standards
- Carabinieri Coy
Carabinieri Cadets Legion
- Guardia di Finanza Coy
GdF Formation
- Historic Vehicles (A,N,AF)
4th Sub-sector (1919-1945)
From the end of WWI to the end of
WWII and Liberation War
(Historic uniforms)
1ST SECTOR:
HISTORY AND REENACTMENT
(1861-1865)
- Italian Red Cross Coy
Volunteer Nursing Corps
- Commander,1st Sub-sector (A)
- “Pozzuolo del Friuli” Band (A)
- Bersaglieri Band (A)
- Army Coy - Bersaglieri
- Ambulanza Ippotrainata - Ambulanza
Manutrainata (1866) (CRI)
Theatres of Operations:
(Combat Uniform)
- Commander, 1st sub-sector (GdF)
- Air Force Formation
- Carabinieri Coy - Paratroops
employed in Northern Africa
- Guardia di Finanza Coy
GdF Formation
- Commander, 2nd sub-sector (A)
- The Commander,
US Naval Forces Europe Band
Middle Eastern Theatre
(Lebanon, Kurdistan, Iraq, MFO)
Darfur, Libya, Eritrea, Op. Atalanta)
- Army and Carabinieri Coy
Modena Military Academy
- Multinational Coy
(EUROGENDFOR, CoESPU)
- Navy Coy - Livorno Navy Academy
- Air Force Coy
Pozzuoli Air Force Academy
- Army Coy (Cimic Group South,
28° Rgt. “Pavia” PSYOPS,
7° Rgt. “Cremona” NBC)
- Guardia di Finanza Coy
Bergamo GdF Academy
- Army, CC, AF, GdF Formation
(Dog units, EOD assets)
- Carabinieri Coy
Rome Officers’ School
- Navy, Air Force, Carabinieri Coy
- Commander, 2nd Sub-sector (AF)
- Navy Formation- Coast Guard
- Army Coy
9th Parachute Rgt. “Col Moschin”
- Carabinieri Coy – Heliborne squadron
Cacciatori “Calabria” and “Sardegna”
- Navy Coy - COMSUBIN
- Guardia di Finanza Coy
GdF Naval Service
Asian Theatre
(East Timor, Afghanistan)
- Army Coy
Mountain Troops “Alpini” Rgt.
- Joint Coy (N, AF, CC, GdF)
American theatre of operations
(Haiti)
- Air Force Coy
Raiders and Riflemen
- Carabinieri Coy - GIS
- Joint Relief Coy – Military personnel
(A, N, AF, CC, GdF, CRI, IIVV, SMOM)
- Army Coy
4th Alpini Parachute Regiment
- Joint Relief Coy - Civilian Personnel
(PS, POLPEN,CFS, VVF ,CRI, CISOM)
- Carabinieri Coy
1st Rgt Carabinieri “Tuscania”
- Guardia di Finanza Coy - GICO/PI
- Joint Medical Coy: “Celio”
- Civilian component Coy
(VVFF, CRI, PROCIV)
- State Police Coy - NOCS
rd
3 SECTOR
Excellence and Specialist Units
Present and Future
(Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina,
Kosovo, FYROM)
- Commander, 3rd Sector (CC)
st
- Army Coy – Railway Engineer Rgt
- Carabinieri Coy - MSU
- Mixed “Police” Coy
- Fanfara Bersaglieri (EI)
- Joint Coy - Representatives of the
Liberation War (A-N-AF, CC, GdF)
- Cp.EI - Bersaglieri
- Historic Vehicles (A , CRI, N, AF)
- National Civil Service
(GdF, CP, POLPEN, CFS)
4 Sub-sector
Police and Relief Forces
- Commander, 4th Sub-sector
(State Police)
- Navy Coy – Military Component
European Theatre of Operations
th
- Army Coy – Parachute Regiment
- AF Coy
Military Polyclinic (A, AF, N., CC, IIVV)
VBM Freccia with “Soldato Futuro”
robotics - CENTAURO 120
CENTAURO 76/62 DRACO
CENTAURO 155/39 – PORCUPINE
(Counter Rocket Artillery and Mortar
(C/RAM) system) – ASTRA TRUCK
with armoured cab (Army)
2nd Sub-sector
Special and High Readiness Forces
(Somalia, Congo, Mozambique,
- Army company (1940/1942 uniform)
- Navy Formation
2nd Sub-Sector
Theatres of operations:
Middle East, Asia and America
(Combat Uniform )
Africa and Europe
African Theatre of Operations
- Carabinieri Institute Cadet Band
1st Sub-sector (1861-1865)
Origins of the Unified State and
Armed Forces
(Historic Uniform)
1st Sub-sector
- Formation of the Sovereign Military
Order of Malta (SMOM)
- Italian Red Cross Coy
Military Red Cross Corps
- Horse and hand - drawn ambulances
(1866) (CRI)
- UN – NATO - EU Flags
- Carabinieri Coy - CC Formation
- Commander, 4th Sub-sector (CC)
- Commander, 1 Sector (N)
International Missions
- Commander, 3rd Sub-sector (AF)
- GdF Coy
st
2nd SECTOR
1 Sub-sector
Military Schools and Academies
- Penitentiary Police Coy - GOM
3rd Sub-sector
Landing, aerial and
stabilization forces
- Commander, 3rd Sub-sector (CC)
- Guardia di Finanza Band (GdF)
- Army Coy - Lagunari Rgt.
“Serenissima” (amphibious troops)
- Navy Coy - “San Marco” Rgt.
st
- Commander, 1 sub-sector (N)
- Air Force Band
- Military School Joint Coy - Nunziatella
Teulié (A), Morosini (N), Douhet (AF)
- Navy Formation
(Surface and submarine units )
- Joint Coy - Military Air Forces
(A, N, AF, CC, GdF)
- EMPAR Radar
MISSILES: ASTER 15 – ASTER 30
TESEO MK3 –
TORPEDOES:
BLACK SHARK – MU 90
C-MES fast patrol boat with
OTOMELARA turret
Coast Guard: fast patrol
boat class 600 – Coast Guard PMC
Mobile Environmental Laboratory,
Ministry of the Environment
RAT 31 DL/M (AF) Radar
Patrol Motor Boat Class V3000
V 2000 (GdF)
IVECO ONE NBCR Vehicle (VVF)
Mobile Laboratory (CFS)
5th Sub-sector
Italian Scientific and
Tecnological Excellence
EPILOGUE
- Commander, 5th Sub-sector (A)
- Falco UAV – UAV – VTLM Lince
(one equipped with a remotely
operated turret , one with a gunner
protection package, one normal
version, one ambulance version)
VBA -VTMM ambulance
VBM Freccia, antitank version
- Commander, Carabinieri Mounted
Troops
- Carabinieri Mounted Band
- Sqd. rgt “Lancieri di Montebello” (A)
- Mounted Sqd - Rgt. (CC)
- Mounted Sqd (PS)
- Mounted Sqd (CFS)
LEGENDA
A= Army
N= Navy
AF = Air Force
CC= Carabinieri
GdF = Guardia di Finanza (Customs Police)
POLPEN = Penitentiary Police
CFS = State Forestry Corps
PS = State Police
CRI = Italian Red Cross
IIVV = Volunteer Nursing Corps
VVF = Fire Brigade
CP = Coast Guard
SMOM = Sovereign Military Order of Malta
PROCIV: Italian Civil Protection
Republic Day and the Armed Forces
Today, the Italian Republic celebrates its 65th anniversary, that the Armed Forces will honor with the traditional military parade. These year’s theme, "The
150th anniversary of the Italian Unification", aims at illustrating the dedication
and spirit of sacrifice that bind the Armed Forces to the destiny of the country.
The Armed Forces are at the service of the Republic. This is the formula used
by the law to express, in the highest and deepest terms, the indissoluble link
between the Armed Forces and Italy, its institutions, its people. The Armed Forces serve the community and, at the same time, are its direct expression and
the embodiment of its values. By their presence and their daily work, they fulfill
the sacred duty all Italian citizens are called to by the Constitution: the defense
of the country. True to this commitment, the Armed Forces constantly adapt
their composition, organization and way of working to the priorities arising from
the institutional tasks they are called to perform.
Italy, with its Armed Forces, remains a pillar of stability in the euro-Atlantic area
and the Mediterranean basin, ensuring continuous monitoring and protection
of the territory under its sovereignty and contributing to the security of the allies,
in accordance with the treaties in force.
Italy plays a major role in the defence of international security, taking part with
its contingents to major military stabilization operations. Every day, more than
7000 Italian military fulfil their duty in different crisis areas, far from their Country, in hard and risky conditions. This commitments add up to activities carried
out within the Country to fulfil the institutional duties assigned to Defence, including tasks that do not fall within the purely and typically military sphere: for
example, specific tasks performed to cope with natural disasters or in other
cases of extraordinary necessity and urgency.
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