WEIGHT: HOW IT EFFECTS A HEALTHY LIFE. A “few pounds” overweight… What is the big deal? The Nutrition and Physical Activity Unit N&PA Alabama Department of Public Health The Nutrition and Physical Activity Unit N&PA Alabama Department of Public Health 1 The Nutrition and Physical Activity Unit N&PA Alabama Department of Public Health Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2002 No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25% N&PA Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC The Nutrition and Physical Activity Unit Alabama Department of Public Health 2 The Nutrition and Physical Activity Unit N&PA Alabama Department of Public Health The Nutrition and Physical Activity Unit N&PA Alabama Department of Public Health 3 SO WHAT? •Health risks associated with obesity – Increased morbidity – Hypertension – Type 2 diabetes – Coronary heart disease – Impaired immune function – Osteoarthritis – Sleep apnea – Colon cancer – Heart attacks – Gastro esophageal Reflux N&PA The Nutrition and Physical Activity Unit Alabama Department of Public Health SO WHAT? Obesity costs money. Medicare and Medicaid programs spend $84 Million annually on 5 major chronic conditions: • Diabetes • Heart disease • Cancer The Nutrition and Physical Activity Unit • Depression • Arthritis N&PA Alabama Department of Public Health 4 What Is Obesity? English Formula – BMI = ( Weight in Pounds (Height in inches x Height in inches)) x 703 – A person who weighs 220 pounds and is 6 feet 3 inches tall has a BMI of 27.5. ( 220 lbs. (75 inches) x (75 inches)) x 703 = 27.5 The Nutrition and Physical Activity Unit N&PA Alabama Department of Public Health BMI Calculation continued • Metric Formula (using kilograms and meters) • BMI = Weight in Kilograms (Height in Meters) x (Height in Meters) • For example, a person who weighs 99.79 Kilograms and is 1.905 Meters tall has a BMI of 27.5. • 99.79 Kg (1.905 m) x (1.905 m)= 27.5 The Nutrition and Physical Activity Unit N&PA Alabama Department of Public Health 5 What Do the Numbers Mean? BMI Weight Status • • • • Below 18.5 Underweight 18.5 – 24.9 Normal 25.0 – 29.9 Overweight 30.0 and Above Obese The Nutrition and Physical Activity Unit N&PA Alabama Department of Public Health Waist Circumference • Body fat is stored above the waist or below the waist in apple or pear body shapes. • In both men and women excess intraabdominal adipose tissue correlates strongly with cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, hypertension, stroke, and type 2 diabetes. The Nutrition and Physical Activity Unit N&PA Alabama Department of Public Health 6 Waist measurements • Measured at the mid point between the ileac crest (hip bone) and the lower rib. • HIGH RISK – Men > 40 inches – Women > 35 inches The Nutrition and Physical Activity Unit N&PA Alabama Department of Public Health Why Are We Obese Now? • COMPLEX issue and the solution will include aspects of: – Individual behavioral – Interpersonal – Institutional/Organizational – Community/ Environmental aspects – Public Policy The Nutrition and Physical Activity Unit N&PA Alabama Department of Public Health 7 Individual behavioral Address the awareness, knowledge, attitudes, beliefs values, and preferences. • Examples: Reduce time watching TV and other sitting activities (phone, computer). • Build physical activity into regular routines. • MD to counsel patient on need of weight loss. The Nutrition and Physical Activity Unit N&PA Alabama Department of Public Health Individual • MD, RD, or counselor can help person determine why they eat if they are not hungry. • Example: Which comfort foods are used for emotional eating and why? What coping skill can replace eating? • Eating too fast results in eating too much. • Eating “wrong foods” and too much of them The Nutrition and Physical Activity Unit N&PA Alabama Department of Public Health 8 Interpersonal Family, friends, and peers who provide social identity, support, and role definition. • Example: Peer walking group at work or church. • Spouse supports eating healthier, approach made as a couple. The Nutrition and Physical Activity Unit N&PA Alabama Department of Public Health Institutional/ Organizational Rules, regulations, policies, and informal structures which may constrain or promote behaviors. • Example: Insure school meals provide food options that are low in fat and calories without added sugars. The Nutrition and Physical Activity Unit N&PA Alabama Department of Public Health 9 Community/ Environmental Aspects Decisions based on environment or community. • Communities, homes, and workplaces each shape health decisions. With fewer options for physical activity and healthy eating, it becomes more difficult for people to make good choices. • Example: Cannot to walk to the store or work because of a lack of sidewalks. Walk to school program supported. • Making healthy food selection more available in local grocery stores, convenience stores, and restaurants. The Nutrition and Physical Activity Unit N&PA Alabama Department of Public Health Environmental Changes Needed to Impact Energy Balance Work • Create more opportunities for physical activity at work. • Review of foods available in cafeteria or vending area. Community • Promote healthier choices including at least 5 servings of fruits and vegetables a day, and reasonable portion sizes. • Encourage the food industry to provide reasonable food and beverage portion sizes. • Encourage food outlets to increase the availability of lowcalorie, nutritious food items. • Create opportunities for physical activity in communities. The Nutrition and Physical Activity Unit N&PA Alabama Department of Public Health 10 Public Policy Local, state, and federal government policies regulations and laws that regulate or support healthy actions and practices for disease prevention, early detection, control, and management. Example at state level: Bill introduced to mandate daily PE class for all children, from pre-kindergarten through grade 12. The Nutrition and Physical Activity Unit N&PA Alabama Department of Public Health Obesity is a COMPLEX ISSUE • Physical activity and poor diets are the major causes of America’ overweight and obesity epidemic. • As we are gaining intelligence we are loosing our bodies. The Nutrition and Physical Activity Unit N&PA Alabama Department of Public Health 11 It’s Not a “Diet”: It’s a Lifestyle Choose a plan to fit into a healthy lifestyle. Balance calories with physical activity. • Lose weight slowly. • Keep it off long term. • Improve your overall health. • Not leave you chronically hungry. The Nutrition and Physical Activity Unit N&PA Alabama Department of Public Health Physical Activity • Walking 3-5 miles a day is optimal. • Consistency is the key. • Start with what you can do comfortably and build up to the optimal amount. The Nutrition and Physical Activity Unit N&PA Alabama Department of Public Health 12 Success: Is POSSIBLE Research shows most people who lose 30 or more pounds and keep it off long-term: • Consume a high-fiber, low-fat diet • Exercise regularly • Are consistent with lifestyle habits The Nutrition and Physical Activity Unit N&PA Alabama Department of Public Health If We Do Not Lose Weight By 2020… • Proportion of individuals reporting fair or poor health will increase by 12% for men 14% for women • One in five health care dollars will be devoted to treating the consequences of obesity aged 50- 69. This is 50% more than now. The Nutrition and Physical Activity Unit N&PA Alabama Department of Public Health 13 What is the next step? • To take the next step! • Get involved at the home, local, city, and state level. The Nutrition and Physical Activity Unit N&PA Alabama Department of Public Health The Nutrition and Physical Activity Unit N&PA Alabama Department of Public Health 14 The Nutrition and Physical Activity Unit N&PA Alabama Department of Public Health The Nutrition and Physical Activity Unit N&PA Alabama Department of Public Health 15 The Nutrition and Physical Activity Unit N&PA Alabama Department of Public Health The Nutrition and Physical Activity Unit N&PA Alabama Department of Public Health 16 The Nutrition and Physical Activity Unit N&PA Alabama Department of Public Health The Nutrition and Physical Activity Unit N&PA Alabama Department of Public Health 17 The Nutrition and Physical Activity Unit N&PA Alabama Department of Public Health The Nutrition and Physical Activity Unit N&PA Alabama Department of Public Health 18 The Nutrition and Physical Activity Unit N&PA Alabama Department of Public Health The Nutrition and Physical Activity Unit N&PA Alabama Department of Public Health 19 The Nutrition and Physical Activity Unit N&PA Alabama Department of Public Health The Nutrition and Physical Activity Unit N&PA Alabama Department of Public Health 20 The Nutrition and Physical Activity Unit N&PA Alabama Department of Public Health 21
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