Y SYSTEM RESBIRADU The RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Intercostal Muscles (cyhyrau rhyngasennol) Nasal Cavity / Ceudod Trwynol MEWNADADLU ALLADADLU INHALATION EXHALATION Cyhyrau Rhyngasennol = CYFANGU Intercostal Muscles = CONTRACT Cyhyrau Rhyngasennol = YMLACIO Intercostal Muscles = RELAXES Asennau symud ALLAN a FYNY Ribs move OUT and UP Asennau symud MEWN a LAWR Ribs move IN and OUT Diaffram = CYFANGU a symud LAWR Diaphragm = CONTRACT + moves DOWN Diaffram = YMLACIO a symud FYNY Diaphragm = RELAXES + moves UP Cyfaint y thoracs = CYNYDDU Volume of thoracs = INCREASES Cyfaint y thoracs = LLEIHAU Volume of thoracs = DECREASES Gwasgedd = LLEIHAU Gwasgedd = CYNYDDU MODEL o’r SYSTEM RESBIRADU MODEL of the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM CYFNEWID NWYOL yn yr ALFEOLWS GASEOUS EXCHANGE in the ALVEOLUS OCSIGEN (tryledu o’r alfeolws i’r celloedd gwaed coch) OXYGEN (diffuses from the alveolus into the red blood cells) CARBON DEUOCSID (tryledu o plasma y gwaed i’r alfeolws) CARBON DEUOCSID (diffuses from the blood plasma into the ADDASIADAU yr ALFEOLWS ADAPTATIONS in the ALVEOLUS Waliau’r alfeolws + capilari gwaed = 1 Cell o drwch (hwyluso trylediad nwyon) Walls of alveoli + blood capillaries = 1 cell thick (facilitates diffusion of gases) Leinin yr alfeolws yn LLAITH = nwyon yn tryledu yn gynt Alveolus lining is MOIST = gases diffuse quickly Rhwydwaith o gapilariau = cyflenwad da o waed Network of capillaries = good blood supply Arwynebedd Mawr = Cynyddu cyfradd trylediad Large Surface Area = Increase the rate of diffusion Allanadlu LLAI = celloedd yn defnyddio O2 yn ystod resbiradaeth Allanadlu MWY = celloedd yn cynhyrchu CO2 yn ystod resbiradaeth LESS exhaled = Cells use O2 during respiration MORE exhaled = Cells produce CO2 during respiration GAS % in INHALED AIR % in EXHALED AIR OXYGEN 21 16 CARBON DIOXIDE 0.04 4 NITROGEN 79 79 WATER VAPOUR <1 >1 Mewnanadlu ac Allanadlu RUN FAINT = celloedd ddim yn ei ddefnyddio na’i gynhyrchu ! Inhale and Exhale the SAME amount = cells don’t use or produce it ! Allanadlu MWY = lleithder o leinin yr alfeolws ! Exhale MORE = Moisture from the alveoli lining ! YSMYGU BRONCITIS SMOKING EMFFYSEMA CANCR yr YSGYFAINT TWBERCWLOSI S BRONCHITIS EMPHYSEME A LUNG CANCER TUBERCULO SIS MWCWS a CILIA / MUCUS and CILLIA (celloedd epitheliwm ciliedig) epithelial cells) (ciliated Mae’r tracea / bronci wedi ei leinio gyda MWCWS sy’n eu cadw yn llaith a dal baw /llwch a germau ! The trachea and bronchi are lined with MUCUS which keeps the lining moist and traps dirt/dust and germs ! Mae blew bach – CILIA - yn symud y mwcws tuag i fyny sy’n cael ei waredu o’r ysgyfaint. Tiny hairs – CILLIA - move the mucus upwards and out of the lungs. CILIA = Parlysu / Marw ! CILLIA – Paralyzed / Die ! MWCWS yn casglu yn yr ysgyfaint = tagiad ysmygwyr ! MUCUS – collects in the lungs = smokers cough ! CANCR yr YSGYFAINT (oherwydd y tar)! CANCER (due to the tar) ! EMFFYSEMALUNG – niwed i waliau’r alfeoli ! (cyfnewid nwyol yn llai effeithiol - prinder O2) EMPHYSEMA – damage to alveoli walls ! (gaseous exchange less effective – NEWID AGWEDD CHANGED ATTITUDES Gwahardd YSMYGU o fannau cyhoeddus ! SMOKING banned from public places ! Peryglon Ysmygu ar bacedi ! Health Warnings on cigarette Llinellau packets ! cymorth ! Phone Helplines ! Dim hysbysebu gan gwmniau sigarennau ! Cigarette companies not allowed to advertise ! RESBIRADAETH AEROBIC (bob cell) AEROBIC RESPIRATION (every cell) RESBIRADAETH ANAEROBIC (cyhyrau) ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION (muscles) AEROBIG v ANAEROBIG AEROBIC v ANAEROBIC Gyda OCSIGEN / With OXYGEN MWY o egni / MORE energy Drwy’r adeg ymhob cell fyw ! All the time in every living cell ! DIM ocsigen / NO oxygen LLAI o egni / LESS energy Celloedd Cyhyrol – Ymarfer Caled Muscle Cells – Strenuous Exercise ! DYLED OCSIGEN = Crampiau OXYGEN DEBT = Cramps ! Resbiradaeth ANAEROBIG = DYLED OCSIGEN ANAEROBIC Respiration = OXYGEN Swm yrDEBT ocsigen sydd ei angen i gael gwared ar yr asid lactig sydd wedi casglu yn y cyhyrau ! The oxygen needed to get rid of the build up of lactic acid in the muscles ! POBL FFIT = llai o ddyled ocsigen / cynhyrchu llai o asid lactig = gallu cyflenwi mwy o ocsigen i’r cyhyrau ! FIT PEOPLE = less oxygen debt / produce less lactic acid = better supply of oxygen to the muscles ! EPLESIAD (resbiradaeth anaerobic – burum) FERMENTATION (anaerobic respiration – yeast) Alcohol AER / AIR resbiradaeth aerobig hyd DWR = nadu aer fynd i’r glochen / gadael CO2 nes i’r adael ! ocsigen gael ei ddefnyddio ! aerobic WATER = prevents air passing into the jar / SUDD FFRWYTH + SIWGR = ffynhonnell allows CO2 out ! egni i’r BURUM FRUIT JUICE + SUGAR = energy source for respiration the YEAST Siaced gynnes – Cynhesrwydd i’r BURUM occurs until Insulating Jacket – Warmth for the the oxygen is YEAST used up ! Pys yn Resbiradu Rhyddhau Gwres Peas Respiring Releasing Heat Rheolydd (cymharu) Control (compare) DIHEINTYDD = lladd bacteria sy’n resbiradu ! DISINFECTAN T = kills germs that respire ! Fflasg A = Rhyddau Gwres - Pys (+ Bacteria yn resbiradu) ! Flask A = Heat Released – Pys + (Bacteria yn resbiradu) ! Fflasg B = Rhyddhau Gwres – bacteria yn resbiradu (pys berw wedi marw) ! Flask B = Heat Released – bacteria respiring (boiled peas killed) ! Fflasg C = Dim gwres – Pys wedi marw + diheintydd wedi lladd y bacteria ! Flask C = No Heat – peas are dead + dissinfectant has killed
© Copyright 2024 Paperzz
