Model 1

Chemistry: Naming Organic Compounds Guided Inquiry Nomenclature is the process of naming chemical compounds based on their chemical formula. Formula writing is the reverse process, writing the chemical formula for a compound based on its name. There are different naming rules ionic compounds, molecular compounds and organic compounds. Organic Compounds Organic compounds are any compounds that contain both hydrogen and carbon atoms. They may also contain other elements such as oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, et cetera. We are only going to learn the naming rules for the simplest groups of organic compounds: alkanes, alkenes and alkynes. Model 1 CH4 CH3 — CH3 CH3 — CH2 — CH3 Compound A (Methane, CH4) Compound B (Ethane, C2H6) Compound C (Propane, C3H8) CH3 — CH2 — CH2 — CH3 CH2 = CH2 CH2 = CH — CH3 Compound D (Butane, C4H10) Compound E (Ethene, C2H4) Compound F (Propene, C3H6) CH3 — CH2 — CH2 — CH2 — CH3 CH ≡ CH CH ≡ C — CH3 Compound G (Pentane, C5H12) Compound H (Ethyne, C2H2) Compound I (Propyne, C3H4) 1. Compare the structural formula (top) and the condensed structural formula (bottom) for each compound. What is different about the two ways of writing the compound? Why is the lower way of writing the compound called the condensed structural formula? 2. Compare Compounds A, B, C, D and G. List two things that are different about these compounds? 3. What do Compounds B, E and H have in common? 4. What do Compounds C, F, and I have in common? 5. What does the first part of the name tell us about the compound? 6. Compare Compound B, E and H. List two things that are different about these compounds? 7. Compare Compounds C, F and I. List two things that are different about these compounds? 8. What does the second part of the name tell us about the compound? 9. Which of the 9 compounds in Model 1 are alkanes? What makes them alkanes? 10. Which of the 9 compounds in Model 1 are alkenes? What makes them alkenes? 11. Which of the 9 compounds in Model 1 are alkynes? What makes them alkynes? Model 2 Name Formula Name Formula Name Formula Methane CH4 Ethane C2H6 Ethene C2H4 Ethyne C2H2 Propane C3H8 Propene C3H6 Propyne C3H4 Butane C4H10 Butene C4H8 Butyne C4H6 Pentane C5H12 Pentene C5H10 Pentyne C5H8 Hexane C6H14 Hexene C6H12 Hexyne C6H10 Heptane C7H16 Heptene C7H14 Heptyne C7H12 Octane C8H18 Octene C8H16 Octyne C8H14 Nonane C9H20 Nonene C9H18 Nonyne C9H16 Decane C10H22 Decene C10H20 Decyne C10H18 12. Write the prefix for a compound containing the following number of carbon atoms: a. two carbons -‐ c. eight carbons -‐ b. five carbons -‐ d. nine carbons -‐ 13. Write the suffix for each type of compound (refer to Model 1 and Model 2). a. a compound with all single bonds – b. a compound with one double bond – c. a compound with one triple bond -‐ 14. Why aren’t there other compounds listed in the same row as methane in Model 2? It may be helpful to refer to both Model 1 and Model 2 to answer #15 through #17. 15. Compared to the number of carbon atoms, how many hydrogen atoms are there in alkane compounds? 16. Compared to the number of carbon atoms, how many hydrogen atoms are there in alkene compounds? 17. Compared to the number of carbon atoms, how many hydrogen atoms are there in alkyne compounds? Model 3 Name Condensed Structural Formula Name Condensed Structural Formula Ethyne CH ≡ CH Hex-‐1-‐yne CH ≡ C — CH2 — CH2 — CH2 — CH3 Propene CH2 = CH — CH3 Hex-‐2-‐yne CH3 — C ≡ C — CH2 — CH2 — CH3 But-‐1-‐ene CH2 = CH — CH2 — CH3 Hex-‐3-‐yne CH3 — CH2 — C ≡ C — CH2 — CH3 But-‐2-‐ene CH3 — CH = CH — CH3 Hex-‐2-‐yne CH3 — CH2 — CH2 — C ≡ C — CH3 But-‐1-‐ene CH3 — CH2 — CH = CH2 Hex-‐1-‐yne CH3 — CH2 — CH2 — CH2 — C ≡ CH 18. What is the purpose of the numbers in the names of the compounds in Model 3? 19. Why don’t you need a number for the first two compounds, ethyne and propene? 20. Why is the compound at the bottom of the first column named but-‐1-‐ene instead of but-‐3-‐ene? 21. In the second column, why are the last two compounds called hex-‐2-‐yne and hex-‐1-‐ene instead of hex-‐4-‐ene and hex-‐5-‐ene? 22. Complete the table below: Name Condensed Structural Formula CH3 – CH = CH – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 C2H6 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – C ≡ C – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 octane pent-‐2-‐yne C5H12 C3H4 hept-‐1-‐yne CH3 – CH2 – C ≡ C – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 CH3 – CH2 – CH = CH – CH2 – CH3 C10H22 ethyne Formula

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