The Development of Higher Education Systems in Europe and Asia

F i rst A S E M R ec t ors’ C on feren c e
F rei e U n i v ersi t a t B erl i n , G erm a n y , 2 7 – 2 9 O c t ob er 2 0 0 8
The Development of Higher Education
S y s tems in Europe and A s ia:
Similarities and Differences
Futao HUANG
Professor & PhD.
R esea rc h I n st i t u t e for H i g her E d u c a t i on
H i roshi m a U n i v ersi t y , J a p a n
futao@hiroshima-u. ac . j p
1
Major content
• M
s
• M
a
a jo r c h a ra
y s te m s in A
a jo r d riv e
n d E u ro p e
c o u n trie s
• C o n c lu d in g
c te ris tic
s ia a n d
rs fo r c h
a n d re sp
s o f H ig h e r E d u c a tio n (H E )
E u ro p e
a n g in g H E s y s te m s in A s ia
o n s e s b y A s ia n a n d E u ro p e a n
re m a rk s
2
E u ro p ean mo dels and th eir I nflu ences
The Medieval
U n iver s it y
Medieval
O x b r idg e
R es ear c h
U n iver s it y
P r o f es s io n al
in s t it u t io n s
Traditional
u niv e rs ity
Mo der n
P r o f es s io n al
in s t it u t io n s
2 0
th
C .
G radu ate E d.
E u r o p ean c o n t in en t al m o dels
G erm a n y
R u ssi a
F ra n c e
A n g lo m o dels
E n g la n d
U .S
3
Higher Education Systems: Asia and the West
L at e 1 9
th
C . -1 9 4 5
C o lo n iz ed &
n o n -c o lo n iz ed
c o u n t r ies
S o c ialis t c o u n t r ies
1 9 4 5 -1 9 8 0 s
Mar k et -o r ien t ed
c o u n t r ies
S in c e 1 9 9 0 s
I n dividu al c o u n t r ies
D evelo p ed &
em er g in g
c o u n t r ies
As i a
W
e s te r n i z ati on
M aj or E u rop e an
c ou ntrie s : G e rm any ,
U . K . , F ranc e
S ov i e t m od e l s
S o viet U n io n
Am e r i c an m od e l s
I n te r n ati on al i z ati on
U .S .A .
N orth A m e ric a U K ,
A u s tralia & s om e
E u rop e an c ou ntrie s
W
e s t w or l d
4
M aj or model s of HE Systems in Asia and Europ e
Pu b l i c -d om i n a t ed
I.
M ost A si a n a n d
E u rop ea n
c on t i n en t a l
c ou n t ri es
I I .U K
I n st i t u t i on s
S ta te
c on t rol l ed
M a rk et
ori en t ed
I I I . V ery few A si a n
c ou n t ri es: J a p a n ,
K orea , t he Phi l i p p i n es
Pri v a t e-d om i n a t ed
5
S im ila r c h a ra c te rs o f H E s y s te m s in A s ia a n d E u ro p e
• A s tro n g le a d e rs h ip a n d re g u la tio n o n H E b y c e n tra l
g o v e rn m e n t o r s ta te in m o s t c o u n trie s .
• A s tro n g ro le b y c e n tra l g o v e rn m e n t o r s ta te in fu n d in g H E
s y s te m s a n d p ro v id in g s tu d e n ts a id in m o s t A s ia n a n d
E u ro p e a n c o u n trie s .
• A s tro n g p ro fe s s io n a l a p p ro a c h in th e u n iv e rs ity (n o t a
p o la riz e d v ie w o f a d iv id e b e tw e e n a c a d e m ic a n d
p ro fe s s io n a l p h ilo s o p h ie s ).
• A b ig s h a re o f p u b lic s e c to r in H E s y s te m s e x c e p t fo r a
v e ry fe w c o u n trie s .
6
D is tin c tiv e c h a ra c te rs o f H E s y s te m s in E u ro p e
in c o m p a ris o n w ith th a t o f A s ia
• A b e tte r b a la n c e o f H E fo r e c o n o m ic g ro w th a n d s o c ia l
d e v e lo p m e n t a n d th e p u rs u it o f k n o w le d g e fo r its o w n s a k e
in E u ro p e .
• A
s tro n g e r
e v e n tu a lly m
ta rg e te d a n d
• A h ig h e r re
o n e q u a l te r
w e ig h t p la c e d
ig h t tu rn o u t
a p p lie d in te n
g a rd o f in te rn
m s, e sp . a t a r
o n b a s
to b e m
tio n s ).
a tio n a l
e g io n a l
ic re s e a rc h (w h ic h
o re u s e fu l th a n m o re
c o o p e ra tio n a n d m o b ility
le v e l.
7
Simil ar driv ers of changes in Asia and Europ e
-K n ow l e d g e -b ase d soc ie ty
T o p ro d u c e c re a tiv e g ra d u a te s a n d
c a ll fo r H E to b e m o re re s p o n s iv e
to s o c ia l n e e d s
-G l ob al iz ation
T o b e m o re c o m p e titiv e a t a g lo b a l
le v e l a n d in te rn a tio n a liz e d a t a
re g io n a l le v e l in p a rtic u la r.
-M ark e tiz ation an d I mp ac ts of N e ol ib e ral ism
T o c a ll fo r a c c o u n ta b ility , m o re
e ffic ie n c y , tra n s p a re n c y a n d
e ffe c tiv e n e s s in g o v e rn a n c e a n d
m a n a g e m e n t a t b o th n a tio n a l a n d
in s titu tio n a l le v e ls a s w e ll a s
d iv e rs ify in g re s o u rc e s o f H E .
--An i n c rea sed i m p ort a n c e of
a p p l i c a t i on & i n n ov a t i on of
k n ow l ed g e a n d a c l oser l i n k a g e
of H E w i t h i n d u st ry .
- A shi ft from d i rec t st a t e
reg u l a t i on t o p eer-rev i ew ed
q u a l i t y a ssu ra n c e m ec ha n i sm s
-E n ha n c em en t of H E q u a l i t y
b y b u i l d i n g u p few i n t en si v el y fu n d ed u n i v ersi t i es
--A n i n t rod u c t i on of
m a n a g eri a l i sm a n d
c om p et i t i on i n t o H E
-A fu rt her i n t ern a t i on a l i z a t i on
of H E
8
P articul ar driv ers of changes in and resp onses b y
Asian & Europ ean countries resp ectiv el y
T h e c h a n g e s in E u ro p e
te n d to b e m o re
a ffe c te d b y
Globalization
W h e re a s in m o s t A s ia n
c o u n trie s th e y a re m o re
in flu e n c e d b y
b o th M
as s if ic ation
a n d g lobalization
E st a b l i shi n g a n
E u rop ea n d i m en si on b y
est a b l i shi n g a m ore
c om p a t i b l e,
t ra n sp a ren t , a n d
c om p et i t i v e H E sy st em
a t a reg i on a l l ev el
Di v ersi fy i n
sy st em s b y
p ri v a t e sec
i n c orp ora t
sec t or, a n d
t he q u a l i t y
t hrou g h
i n t ern a t i on
g H E
ex p a n d i n g
t or a n d
i on of p u b l i c
i m p rov i n g
of H E
a l i z a t i on
9
B U T more chal l enges &
p ressures f or Asian countries
Q u a n t i t a t i v e g row t h, q u a l i t a t i v
en ha n c em en t , m ore a u t on om y a t
i n st i t u t i on a l l ev el , m ore c om p et i t
& effi c i en t , d i v ersi fy i n g resou rc
a n d i n c rea si n g eq u i t y of H E
M on g ol ,
M al ay s i a
I n d on e s i a,
T h ai l an d ,
I n d ia
elite stage
e
a n
iv e
es,
E n ha n c i n g q u a l i t y of H E ,
a n d fu rt her
i n t ern a t i on a l i z a t i on of H E
C hi n a
Q uan titativ e g row th
an d Q ual itativ e
e n han c e me n t
m ass stage
J a p a n , K orea , a n d
t he Phi l i p p i n es
u n iv er sal stage
10
Where are the Asia-Europ e HE systems going ?
Pu b l i c -d om i n a t ed
I.
M ost E u rop ea n
c on t i n en t a l
c ou n t ri es
I I .U K
I n st i t u t i on s
A n g lo m o dels
?
S ta te
c on t rol l ed
M a rk et
ori en t ed
I I I . V ery few A si a n
c ou n t ri es: J a p a n ,
K orea , t he Phi l i p p i n es
Pri v a t e-d om i n a t ed
11
Where are the Asia-Europ e HE systems going ?
Pu b l i c -d om i n a t ed
I.
M ost A si a n
c ou n t ri es
I I .U K
I n st i t u t i on s
S ta te
c on t rol l ed
M a rk et
ori en t ed
I I I . V ery few A si a n
c ou n t ri es: J a p a n ,
K orea , t he Phi l i p p i n es
Pri v a t e-d om i n a t ed
J ap an m o dels
?
12
T h e s am e q u es ti ons to b e ans w ered i n b oth reg i ons
i n p arti cu l ar
• W h a t c o m b in a tio n o f
p o lic ie s is m o s t lik e ly
e d u c a tio n s y s te m ?
A n d
• H o w c a n w e m a in ta in
c h a ra c te rs o f n a tio n a l
g lo b a liz a tio n ?
m a r k e t a n d n o n -m a r k e t
to a c h ie v e a h e a lth y h ig h e r
n a tio n a l id e n titie s a n d
H E s y s te m s in th is e ra o f
13
Suggestions to b e f ol l ow ed b y Asia and Europ e
• S tre n g th e n in g
a s a w is e a c to r
in te rv e n tio n a n
• E s ta b lis h in g a
in d u s try a n d m
re le v a n t to s o c
• E n h a n c in g th e
a c tiv itie s in b o
m e c h a n is m s , b
c o lla b o ra tiv e e
th e ro le o f c e n tra l g o v e rn m e n t o r s ta te
w ith a u s e fu l m ix o f b e n e v o le n t
d g u a rd ia n a n g e l fo r a c a d e m ic fre e d o m .
w id e r a n d c lo s e r lin k a g e o f H E w ith
a k in g H E b e m o re re s p o n s iv e a n d
ia l n e e d s .
q u a lity o f te a c h in g a n d re s e a rc h
th re g io n s b y in tro d u c in g c o m p e titiv e
u t m o re im p o rta n tly , b y u n d e rta k in g
ffo rts a t re g io n a l a n d g lo b a l le v e l .
14
Thank you!
fu tao @ h iro sh ima-u . ac. j p
15

Download Report