Thailand - World Health Organization

Thailand
South-East Asia Region
I. Epidemiological profile
Population (UN)
High transmission (> 1 case per 1000 population)
2015
Parasites and vectors
5,440,000
%
8
Plasmodium species:
P. falciparum (42%), P.vivax (58%)
Low transmission (0-1 cases per 1000 population)
28,500,000
42
Major anopheles species:
An. dirus, An. minimus, An. maculatus, An. sundaicus
Malaria-free (0 cases)
34,000,000
50
Reported confirmed cases (health facility):
8,022
Total
67,960,000
Confirmed cases at community level:
9,405
Reported deaths:
33
Estimated cases:
52,000 [16,000 ; 150,000]
Estimated deaths:
<50
II. Intervention policies and strategies
Intervention
Policies/strategies
ITN
IRS
Yes/No
Adopted
ITNs/ LLINs distributed free of charge
Yes
First-line treatment of unconfirmed malaria
ITNs/ LLINs distributed to all age groups
Yes
1992
1992
IRS is recommended
Yes
1953
No
-
DDT is authorized for IRS
Antimalarial treatment policy
Medicine
Year adopted
-
-
DHA-PPQ
2015
Treatment failure of P. falciparum
QN+D
2007
Treatment of severe malaria
QN+D
2007
CQ+PQ(14d)
2007
First-line treatment of P. falciparum
Larval control
Use of larval control recommended
Yes
1953
IPT
IPT used to prevent malaria during pregnancy
N/A
-
Diagnosis
Patients of all ages should receive diagnostic test
Yes
1943
Malaria diagnosis is free of charge in the public sector
Yes
1953
ACT is free of charge for all ages in public sector
Yes
1995
Never allowed
1995
Single dose of primaquine is used as gametocidal medicine for
P. falciparum
Yes
1995
Primaquine is used for radical treatment of P. vivax
Yes
1965
Therapeutic efficacy tests (clinical and parasitological failure, %)
G6PD test is a requirement before treatment with primaquine
Yes
2015
Medicine
Directly observed treatment with primaquine is undertaken
Yes
2008
System for monitoring adverse reactions to antimalarials exists
Yes
-
ACD for case investigation (reactive)
Yes
1958
ACD of febrile cases at community level (pro-active)
Yes
1958
Mass screening is undertaken
Yes
1958
Uncomplicated P. falciparum cases routinely admitted
Yes
1995
Uncomplicated P. vivax cases routinely admitted
Yes
1995
-
-
No
-
Treatment
The sale of oral artemisinin-based monotherapies (oAMTs)
Surveillance
Foci and case investigation undertaken
Case reporting from private sector is mandatory
III. Financing
Treatment of P. vivax
Dosage of Primaquine for radical treatment of P. vivax
0.25 mg/Kg (14 days)
Type pf RDT used
P.f + all species (Combo)
Year
Min
Median
Max
Follow-up
No of studies
Species
Insecticide susceptibility bioassays (reported resistance to at least one insecticide for any vector at any locality)
Year
Pyrethroid DDT Carbamate Organophosphate Species/complex tested
2010–2014
Sources of financing
Government expenditure by intervention in 2015
Insecticides & spray materials
ITNs
Diagnostic testing
Antimalarial medicines
Monitoring and Evaluation
Human Resources & Technical Assistance
Management and other costs
20
10
Pie chart includes 100% of total expenditures
0
2005
2006
Gov. expend.
2007
2008
Global Fund
2010
World Bank
IV. Coverage
2011
USAID/PMI
2012
2013
WHO/UNICEF
2014
2015
Others
Coverage of ITN and IRS
Cases tested and treated in public sector
100
100
80
80
60
60
(%)
Population (%)
2009
40
40
20
20
0
0
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
At high risk protected with ITNs
Households with at least one ITN (survey)
V. Impact
2011
2012
2013
2014
2005
2015
2006
2007
80
80
Tests (%)
100
(%)
60
40
0
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2005
% fever cases <5 seeking treatment at public HF (survey)
Reporting completeness
2006
2007
8
0.8
0.6
4
0.4
2
0.2
0
ABER (microscopy & RDT)
2009
2010
Cases (all species)
2011
2012
2013
Cases (P. vivax)
2014
2015
Admissions
6
ABER (%)
Cases per 1000
1
2008
2013
2014
2015
Antimalarials distributed vs reported cases
ACTs distributed vs reported P. f. cases
Primaquine distributed vs reported P. v. cases
2009
2010
2011
Slide positivity rate
2012
2013
2014
2015
RDT positivity rate
Malaria admissions and deaths (per 100 000)
1.2
2007
2008
Parasite prevalence
Confirmed malaria cases per 1000 and ABER
2006
2012
40
20
2007
2011
60
20
2006
2010
Test positivity
Cases treated
2005
2009
Suspected cases tested
% <5 fever cases who had a finger/ heel stick
ACTs as % of all antimalarials received by <5 (survey)
All ages who slept under an ITN (survey)
At high risk protected with IRS
100
0
2005
2008
25
0.25
20
0.2
15
0.15
10
0.1
5
0.05
0
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Admissions (all species)
Deaths (all species)
2011
2012
Admissions (P.vivax)
Deaths (P. vivax)
2013
2014
0
2015
Deaths
Contribution ($USm)
30

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