From the Potting Shed November 2014 Master Gardeners of Bergen County SAVE THE DATE! Time to Renew your MG Membership November MG Meeting Butterflies and BeeGAP Presented by Jeannie Geremia, Garden Club of NJ, Inc. Tuesday, November 18 7:30pm County Administration Building One Bergen Plaza, Hackensack 1st Floor Learning Center (Home of the County Extension Office) Refreshments at 7pm; Announcements at 7:20pm; Speaker at 7:30pm Do you know the decline of pollinators has become a critical issue as one third of food we eat relies on our pollinators? Become a GAP, Gardeners Adding Pollinators, gardener as you increase the number of pollinators in your gardens, yards and community areas by providing habitats such as nesting sites and plants attractive to native bees and butterflies. Jeannie Geremia, Garden Club of New Jersey Butterflies & BeeGAP (Gardeners Adding Pollinators) Chair, will present on ways in which we can grow our pollinator population specifically focusing on butterflies and native bees. Jeannie will illustrate the proposed New Jersey legislation designed to help save our monarchs from extinction. There will be handouts, including posters and booklets and information on establishing monarch way stations and overwintering black swallowtails. Jeannie Geremia is the Garden Club of New Jersey, Inc. Butterflies & BeeGAP (Gardeners Adding Pollinators) Chair, GCNJ Community Gardens Chair, and is a National Garden Clubs, Inc., Accredited Judge for the GCNJ. Jeannie is a writer for Gardener News, a monthly newspaper serving the gardening community. Jeannie is also the GCNJ 2015 State Flower Show Chair, titled “A Garden of Authors” as part of the NJ Flower and Garden Show “The Great American Novel” to be held Feb. 12-15, 2015 at the NJ Convention Center in Edison, NJ. The membership renewal form is attached to this email. Please complete it, making changes to the information that differs from last year. Then send it along with your check for $20 payable to the Master Gardeners of Bergen County and send it to: John Walters 6 Valley Road Glen Rock, NJ 07452 Renewal forms and payments are due by Nov. 30. 2015 MG Slate of Officers Per Article II, Section 4 of the Master Gardeners of Bergen County By-Laws, the Nominating Committee (Karen Pennell, Carol Thielke, and Tracey Fraser), presented a slate of officers to serve in 2015 at both the October 2014 Executive Board meeting and general meeting. The slate of officers was confirmed at the Executive Board meeting. There were no additional nominees from the floor when the slate of officers was presented to the general membership. The following slate of officers will be presented for vote at the general November meeting: President Vice President Treasurer Corresponding Secretary Recording Secretary Table of Contents Save the Date MG of BC News Farmers� Markets Fall Class Syllabus Trips and Tours Membership News Horticulture News Volunteers Needed/Site News Shows & Conferences Garden Club Grapevine Joseph Cooper John Walters Fran Langendoen Serpil Leveen Suzanne Danzig Page 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 7 8 1 MG of BC News Cans for Community Thanksgiving Food Collection From the President’s Desk It’s my pleasure to announce the “2014 Award for Excellence” Winners presented by the Rutgers Master Gardeners Association of New Jersey. They are Albina Daukantas and Hank Annunziata. The Excellence Awards were established as a means of recognizing the contributions and service of volunteers who have generously contributed their expertise to the Master Gardener Organization. Albina Daukantas is from the Class of 2011 and does an exceptional job organizing and producing the decorations at many MG events including the joint meeting, picnics, graduations, and holiday parties. She raises money for Cans for Community and other nonprofits by raffling her donated beautiful centerpieces. She always lends a helping hand and brightens every MG event with her talents in floral design. Hank Annunziata is from the Class of 2010 and has volunteered over 145 hours at various sites such as Teaneck, Glen Rock, special projects, and administrative work. Hank has gone above and beyond expectations as hospitably host at our monthly meetings, picnics, holiday parties and graduation ceremonies. Congratulations and Thank You for your service to the Master Gardeners of Bergen County! Happy Gardening Joseph The November food collection will support the Center for Food Action’s Thanksgiving Food Collection. If you are able to donate a non-perishable food item, please review the list of suggested items. Please check package distribution dates to assure no expired food is donated. Additionally, checks (payable to the Center for Food Action) or supermarket gift cards may be given to Tracey Fraser for delivery to the food pantry. Suggested items: Hearty Soups Canned Vegetables & Canned Yams Gravy, Instant Potatoes | Stuffing | Cranberry Sauce Pasta & Pasta Sauce 100% Juice | Canned Fruit As always, thank you for your immense generosity! Happy Thanksgiving! Contributors to this month’s newsletter include: Daphne Boss Alayon, Melissa Broder, Joseph Cooper, Suzanne Danzig, Sally Ditton, Tracey Fraser, Arnie Friedman, Barb Johansson, Lucy Malka, Leslie Maltz, Karen Pennell, and John Walters. FARMERS’ MARKETS Closter Farmers’ Market April-November, Sun. 9am-2pm See the attached order form to order MG apparel. 20 Legion Place Fort Lee Farmers’ Market 1355 Inwood Terrace, Fort Lee Community Center outdoor plaza www.fortleenj.org June 29-Nov. 23, Sun. 8am-2pm Nyack Farmers’ Market Main St. parking lot www.nyackchamber.org Thurs 8-2pm; Sat. 8-1pm until Nov. 26 Winter/Spring Meeting Schedule 2015: Jan. 27, Feb. 24, Mar. 24, Apr. 28, May 19 Holiday Party details will be in the December edition of this newsletter. Ramsey Farmers’ Market Main St. Train www.ramseyfarmersmarket.org Station (outdoors) June-November, Sun. 9am-2pm (After November, it moves to Eric Smith School for the Winter from 10 to 4pm) Ridgewood Farmers' Market NJ Transit Railroad Station (Garber Square) www.ridgewoodchamber.com June 23-Nov. 3, Sun. 9am-3pm Happy Thanksgiving! 2 MG PROGRAM SYLLABUS FOR FALL 2014 Rutgers Cooperative Extension of Bergen County rd 1 Bergen County Plaza; 3 floor; Hackensack, NJ Joel Flagler, Agricultural Agent; [email protected]; (201) 336-6780 Dail Reid, Horticultural Consultant, [email protected]; (201) 336-6788 th All classes are 10am-12noon in the Learning Center on the 4 floor, unless stated otherwise DATE TOPIC INSTRUCTOR Oct. 10 Introductions; Orientation to the course Joel Flagler Oct. 11 (Sat.) Rutgers Statewide MG conference, Cook Campus, New Brunswick Oct. 17 IPM Philosophy & Fundamentals; Plant Processes Joel Flagler Oct. 24 Pruning: Principles and Practices Dail Reid Oct. 31 Field Trip to Skylands—NJ Botanical Garden (Ringwood) Meet 10 am Parking Lot A (light rain or shine) Joel Flagler Nov. 7 Planting w/ BC Environmental Council Joel Flagler, Angelo Caruso Overpeck County Park II, Ridgefield Park; 10 am; w/shovels, gloves; free lunch! Nov. 14 Horticultural Therapy Joel Flagler Nov. 21 Fall in the Garden Dail Reid Nov. 28 No Class Thanksgiving Break Dec. 5 Soil Science Joel Flagler Dec. 12 Landscape IPM; Best Management Practices (NJAES); Winter Damage Joel Flagler Bergen County Rutgers Cooperative Extension Office Joel Flagler Agricultural/Resources Management Agent & County Extension Dept. Head 201-336-6780 Dail Reid Horticulture Consultant 201-336-6788 Cooperating Agencies: Rutgers, the State University of NJ, US Department of Agriculture, and Bergen County Board of Chosen Freeholders. Rutgers Cooperative Extension educational programs are offered to all without regard to race, religion, color, age, national origin, gender, sexual orientation or disability. Rutgers Cooperative Extension is an Equal Opportunity Employer 3 TRIPS AND TOURS Skylands Open House Historic Skylands Manor in the New Jersey State light refreshments and valet parking. Tickets are $40 Botanical Garden will be filled with an extravagant and reservations are required by Nov. 26. To reserve display of seasonal décor during NJBG’s spectacular tickets, please call 973-962-9534 or visit our secure annual Holiday Open House from Dec. 4 thru 7. website at njbg.org. This year, NJBG celebrates �A Renaissance Holiday’ that NJBG is located on Morris Road in Ringwood, NJ, and is would make Henry VIII feel right at home. The Manor open daily from 8am to 8pm. Admission to the Garden will be richly decorated with glitter and greenery that is always free. Info: 973-962-9534 or njbg.org captures a bygone time as we focus on the warm and happy feel of the season. Skylands Manor, a 45-room Tudor-style country estate NJBG - Skylands Manor Tours November 2 built in the early 1920s, features many fine historic Guided tours of the ground floor of historic Skylands architectural elements and is an elegant backdrop for Manor at the New Jersey State Botanical Garden will be this celebration of the season. In keeping with the available on Sunday, November 2 from 11am to 3pm. botanical surroundings, the lush holiday décor features abundant live and dried plants and flowers, elegant appointments, and displays created with youngsters in mind. The decorating theme is changed annually, so each year the Manor has a very different look. Individual rooms are decorated by scores of volunteers from northern NJ garden clubs, Master Gardener programs and local companies, as well as NJBG members. NJBG/Skylands Association, the non-profit member organization that supports the Botanical Garden, sponsors this annual fundraising event. Sponsored by the NJBG/Skylands Association, the nonprofit member support organization working with the State to preserve the gardens, the 45-minute guided tours of Skylands history and architecture are conducted by NJBG volunteer tour guides, or docents. Skylands Manor, a Tudor Revival mansion, was constructed in the early 20th century for Clarence McKenzie Lewis by renowned architect John Russell Pope. Pope also designed many outstanding public buildings, including the Jefferson Memorial and National Gallery of Art, both in Washington, D.C. Among Skylands Manor's many attractions is a remarkable Daytime tours of the NJBG Holiday Open House are collection of antique stained glass medallions set in available Thursday through Sunday, Dec. 4–7, from leaded windows, including pieces from 16 century 10am to 4pm. Admission is $8 for adults, $7 for seniors, German, Bavarian and Swiss sites. The lanterns, $5 for children 6-12, and free for children under six. No electrical fixtures, lamps, spiral staircase rail and gate baby strollers please. Tickets are available on-site. The were fashioned by Samuel Yellin, who led the American last tour begins at 4pm. revival of the use of iron as decorative art. Group tours are also available on Dec. 4 and 5. Please The suggested donations for Manor House tours are: $7 call 973-962-9534 or email [email protected] to schedule a for adults; $5 for seniors and students aged 13-18; $3 for group tour. children aged 6-12; and free for children under age 6. Evening Receptions are available on Friday and Self-guided Holiday Open House tours will also be Saturday evenings, Dec. 5 and 6, from 6pm to 8pm. available December 4–7 as NJBG celebrates �A During these special evening showings, the Manor will Renaissance Holiday.’ th be yours for leisurely enjoyment with champagne, 4 MEMBERSHIP NEWS Archivist Wanted Meet Arnie Friedman, Class of 2004 How did our former MG President go from selling furniture to having his own “Landscapes By Design” business? Let’s take a look. Born in the Bronx, Arnie’s family moved to a house in Teaneck, where he attended high school. Commuting to his furniture business in Jersey City, his father had little time for gardening, so early on, Arnie would help plant squared off rows of annuals in a garden bed. He would “fog” the roses to get rid of the Japanese beetles without wearing any protection (and believes now that it might have been DDT). One year he turned the entire front lawn and reseeded it. That was his introduction to gardening. He went on to NYU, with a major in experimental psychology and a minor in English. After graduation, he attended the University of Toledo, Ohio, for a combined MS/DRS program, but left to pursue an already growing involvement in sculpture and painting. Back in NJ, with two well-known artists as mentors, he bought a house in Tenafly, drove a cab, learned to do welding and continued to sculpt with metal and was involved with the NJ Art Center. Finding himself unable to support himself with fine art, he moved to Florida and worked as a sales rep in the furniture business. When that venture imploded, he returned to NJ, and went back to help his father in his furniture business. He met and married Jeanie and moved to Englewood. He would work in their garden every morning before leaving for work. With a mutual interest in gardening, they worked together. His connection with sculpting led to a beginning putting in hardscaping. Again he left the furniture business, and they moved, now with two daughters, to their present home in Upper Saddle River. Jean’s introduction to NYBG classes, which they both immediately “loved”, led to Arnie’s certificates in Garden Design, Horticulture, and Landscape Design. Jean went for an interview with Joel Flagler for the MG program, Arnie joined her, and they graduated together. He learned a lot from both Joel and doing volunteer hours on the Help Line. Now with a well-established business, he takes time for teaching, lecturing, is both Treasurer of the NY chapter of the Assoc. of Professional Landscape Designers, and is a member of the Upper Saddle River Planning Board. See what the influence of a wife can do for a good man! Attention “Senior” MGs. If you’re no longer able to do physical work (think weeding), but you want to keep up your certification hours, this job may be for you. The MG’s need a new ARCHIVIST. The job includes creating an index and scanning documents on to a disk to create an archive and answering questions from the Board as requested. If interested, e-mail Joseph Cooper, [email protected], ASAP. Volunteers Needed for the Program Committee The Program committee is looking for people to assist with identifying and securing speakers for the monthly education seminar, assist with facilities, greeting and introducing speakers, and program logistics. Volunteer time includes a 2 to 4 hour commitment per month. If interested, please contact Tracey Fraser [email protected] Welcome Class of 2015 A hearty welcome to the new Master Gardener Class of 2015! You are embarking on a wonderful journey. No matter what your reasons for pursuing Master Gardener certification, you are now joining a passionate group that shares several things in common: a love of gardening, an interest in learning more about the science of it all, and a desire to give back to the community. Get involved! Visit the different volunteer sites to find out which opportunities appeal to you most. Start putting in your 100 hours early on, so you can fulfill them at your leisure and enjoy the experience. Don’t miss class — Joel Flagler and his guest speakers are knowledgeable and dynamic. Sign up for hotline! You will learn so much from researching answers to questions and working with the incomparable Dail Reid, our horticultural expert. Attend the Master Gardeners of Bergen County monthly meetings. There’s a great line-up of guest speakers, as well as the opportunity to meet our community. Visit www.mgofbc.org and read the newsletter — both are terrific resources. Like everything else in life, you will only get as much out of this program as you put into it. Dig in and enjoy! Fall-blooming anemone 5 HORTICULTURE NEWS From The Green Side: Leaves and Preparing the Garden for Winter As the days shorten and the weather turns cool, gardeners begin to think about putting our gardens to sleep for the winter and cleaning that mess of leaves pilling up on our lawns. First, let’s address what needs to be done to prepare for winters cold - cleaning up the perennial beds. With the cool nights and first frost, most of the summer perennials go dormant leaving a mushy pile of old greens. These need to be cut back with pruners or just yanked out by hand. This is done to avoid the buildup of mold and prevent unwanted fungus from attacking dormant root systems. Look around for erratic canes of roses that might break off in winter snows and cut them back. Rose pruning should be left for March. Ornamental grasses are a mixed bag as the experts are of two minds on the need to cut them back for winter. If they are tall and have pretty flower heads, they can be left for spring. The look of the tall fronds in the winter and even poking out of the snow is appealing. Some flower heads on the native grasses are also a food source for over wintering species. If grasses have matted down or are bending over a path, they can be cut down to a foot or so above the ground. Some experts say that leaving the stalks all winter encourages crown rot, while others say that leaving the foliage protects the crown from frost and winter burn. You must decide for yourself on this; it becomes an esthetic and practical choice plant by plant. Tender plants like a fig tree and a spring blooming Camellia should be protected. The fig should get tightly wrapped with an insulated foam sheet with dead leaves piled inside as it is not a winter hardy plant in this zone. A Camellia bush is just on its edge of hardiness zone. Since the spring blooming variety has set buds already for spring, try to protect the plant from winter wind burn or desiccation caused by the winter winds drying the evergreen leaves and flower buds. One way to protect a Camellia is to put up stakes around the bush and staple burlap around it as a wind break. Broad leaf evergreens (such as cherry or skip laurel, holly, rhododendron, etc.) are very susceptible to what is commonly called winter burn. Again, this is desiccation or the drying out of the green leaves as a result of the heavy winter winds. In winter with little rain and root systems that are dormant, the plant cannot replenish the moisture dried out by the heavy winds. To counter act this, plants should be sprayed in late November with an anti-desiccant like Wilt Proof. This is an environmentally safe application of a light wax that coats the leaves sealing them from evaporating out their moisture. However, if we have a warm late February or a mild March, the anti-desiccant can get washed off the leaves. So a second application at the end of February is a prudent thing to do. If you spray too early in the fall, it will wash right off with the first rain. Wait till it becomes cold and stays cold for it to work. Consider having a professional apply the anti-desiccant using a high pressure powered sprayer. Trying to spray by hand is a killer to do because the waxes get very thick in the cold and clog a hand sprayer. If you do it while the days are warm, it will wash right off the leaves. The sustainable and environmentally correct thing to do is not to remove your leaves from your property. Why? The use of blowers, vacuums, bulldozers, and trucks to haul away mountains of leaves burns a lot of fossil fuel, filling our air with carbon waste and clogging our landfills. Ground-up leaves take up one-tenth the space of whole leaves and are a great source of nutrients for your soil. The responsible thing to do is grind them up with your mower as they fall and either let the pieces remain where they lie or blow or rake them into your beds as mulch. Ground-up leaves are an excellent soil amendment. They will save money that would have spent buying mulch in the spring. Shallow rooted plants like Rhododendrons and Ilex do not like to have their root systems cleaned of surface litter. They like the rich nutrient of soils that hold plenty of moisture through the winter and summer. For more information, see http://leleny.org/ for a video that explains “Love �Em and Leave �Em". Useful Links Many local garden centers give MG discounts. See the list at mgofbc.org/useful-links.html. Bring your membership card when shopping. Fall blooming Helianthus Angustifolius 6 VOLUNTEERS NEEDED/SITE NEWS SHOWS, CONFERENCES, FAIRS & WORKSHOPS NJBG Wreathmaking Workshops on Nov. 22 Washington Spring Garden News NJBG will sponsor two hands-on Wreathmaking Workshops at the New Jersey State Botanical Garden Carriage House Visitor Center, on Morris Rd., Ringwood, NJ, on Saturday, November 22, 2014, at 10am and 1pm. The workshops are an annual tradition at NJBG. In these two workshops, you’ll learn how to assemble and decorate holiday wreaths to grace your home, using a variety of fresh and dried plant materials. You’ll make two wreaths; one to take home with you and one for use at NJBG’s Holiday Open House. All materials are provided, but bring clippers, gloves and any special ribbon or decorations you might wish to use. Before we tucked our Washington Spring Garden in for the winter the volunteers at the garden enjoyed an end of the year picnic to celebrate our hard work and invite a few new friends to tour the garden before we said our farewells for 2014. It was a beautiful day! Master Gardeners seen in our photo are Donna Karpel, Jeffrey Chan, Freddy Levitan, Pat Vellas, Christiane Oliveri, Serpil Leveen, Suzanne Danzig and our dear "Friend of the Garden" Maureen. Thank you all for you dedication and hard work. The fee is $25 for NJBG members and $30 for nonmembers. This popular program regularly sells out, so make your reservations early. For tickets and info, see www.njbg.org or call 973-962-9534. Garretson Forge and Farm Workshop November 30 Wreath Workshop 1pm - 4pm Pre-register to make your own wreath See website for more details www.garretsonfarm.org Thielke Arboretum Workshop Skylands Holiday Open House: Volunteers Needed It's beginning to look a lot like Christmas! At least in the minds of the intrepid band of Master Gardener volunteers who will transform the Dining and Breakfast Rooms for the annual Holiday Open House! Volunteers are needed to work as docents during the Open House in two hour shifts Dec. 4, 5, 6, & 7, from 10am-12; 122pm; and 2-4pm. If you can volunteer, contact De Trezza, Committee Chair, and let her know what hours you can work. Also, volunteers are also needed to help with the decorating/set up on Dec. 1, 2, & 3, from 104pm. Contact De at H: 201-670-6363, cell/txt: 201 757 7406, or [email protected] Holiday Wreath Decorating Workshops Nov. 22 2 sessions 10am & 1pm (2 hours each), Community Church Fellowship Hall, $25 per wreath, all materials provided. See www.glenrockarboretum.org Frelinghuysen Arboretum Workshops in Morristown, NJ www.arboretumfriends.org Nov. 19. Grow, Cook, Eat- Winter Root Vegetables. How to grow range of winter veggies, problems & pests, recipes and more. Non members $20. Nov. 22 Holiday Swag Workshop 10-12pm. Pre-register. $40. Nov. 24 Thanksgiving Centerpiece Workshop. 7-9pm. Pre-register. $75. Dec. 5 to Dec 14. Gingerbread Wonderland 10am to 4:30pm (7:30pm on Fridays) Annual exhibition of extraordinary gingerbread creations. Dec. 6, 7, 13, and 14 includes Craft show - great holiday gifts and more. Free admission. 7 The November Garden Club Grapevine Nov. 6 7:30pm Garden Club of Harrington Park, Harrington Park Library, 10 Herring St. Topic: Unique Plants for Fall and Winter Color; speaker: Tom Bender Info: www.gardenclubofharringtonpark.com or Gerri Gibney at 201-768-2615. Nov. 7 1pm Demarest Garden Club, Demarest United Methodist Church Topic: Napkin Art and Container Decorating Workshop; speaker: Doris Belschner Nov. 10 7pm Sundial Garden Club of Hillsdale, Meadowbrook School, 50 Piermont Rd. Topic: Happy Hydrangeas: A Plant for Every Garden; speaker: Bruce Crawford, Director, Rutgers Gardens Nov. 11 7pm Ramsey Area Garden Club, Lutheran Church of the Redeemer, 55 Wyckoff Ave. Topic: Thanksgiving floral arrangements; speaker: Carol Anton Nov. 12 7pm Wyckoff Area Garden Club, Wyckoff Public Library, Monroe Room, 200 Woodland Ave. Topic: An introduction to Bonsai; speaker: John Michalski Info: 201 723-1065 or www.wyckoffgc.org Nov. 13 7:30pm Garden Club of Teaneck, Richard Rodda Center, 250 Capital Court, Teaneck Topic: Containing deer damage in your garden; speakers: Tom Bender and Paul Kubarych www.gardenclubofteaneck.org/BendKub.html Nov. 18 7:45pm Glen Rock Environmental Commission, Glen Rock Municipal Annex Building, 678 Maple Ave. Topic: Images of Costa Rica; speaker: Douglas Goodell Info: contact Donald Levine at 201-447-6099. Nov. 18 7pm Backyard Garden Club, River Vale Library, 412 Rivervale Road, River Vale Topic: Keeping Your Back Healthy While Growing a Healthy Garden; speaker: Dr. Cathy Gurman Nov. 19 7:30pm Allendale Garden Club, Brighton Gardens, Saddle River Topic: Easy-to-grow native plants; speaker: Elaine Silverstein Nov. 19 8pm Bergen County Audubon Society, Puffin Center, 20 Puffin way, Teaneck Topic: The Role of Fungi in the Ecosystem of the Greenbrook Sanctuary; speaker: Paul Sadowski Nov. 20 7pm Hasbrouck Heights Garden Club, 320 Boulevard, Library meeting room, Hasbrouck Heights Topic: Amaryllis Workshop; speaker: Pat Czarnecki. Register in advance to participate in the workshop. Contact: Ann: 201 288 3956. Nov. 20 7pm Bergen Passaic Chapter, Native Plant Society, Auditorium, Bergen Regional Medical Center, 230 E. Ridgewood Ave., Paramus Topic: Propagation of Native Plants; speaker: Nancy Slowik Nov. 21 6:30pm Garden Club of Oakland, Colony Florist, 762 Franklin Ave,, Franklin Lakes Topic: Arranging the Harvest; speaker: Ken Norman of Colony Florist. Info: 201-337-7285 Fee to attend Nov. 23 2pm Garden Club of Harrington Park, Harrington Park Library, 10 Herring St. Topic: Thanksgiving Cornucopia Workshop; speaker: Gerri Gibney. All materials will be supplied. Bring pruners/sharp scissors and gardening gloves. Fee: GCHP Members-$15; non-members-$20. Preregistration is required. Info: www.gardenclubofharringtonpark.com, [email protected], or Gerri Gibney at 201-768-2615. Please contact our liaison, Lucy Malka, at [email protected] or 201-791-3562, to supply information for the Garden th Clubs Grapevine. Publications deadlines are no later than the 25 of the prior month. As a reminder, the Master Gardeners of Bergen County does not share or sell its mailing list to non-members. We keep all membership information confidential and for use by members only. If you receive email from other organizations, we did not give permission for their use of our membership list. We would appreciate it if our members would not share our list with non-members or use it for any unauthorized purposes as it is for official MG use only. And when sending an email to the MG mailing list, please remember to address it using the “bcc” option instead of “to” in order to keep the list of recipients from being visible. 8
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