turkısh polıtıcs - Yalova Üniversitesi

YALOVA UNIVERSITY – DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Course Name/Code
: Turkish Politics – CIR301
Instructor
: Asst. Prof. Dr. Salih Bayram
Telephone
(internal)
2014-2015
FALL
: 5130
E-mail
: [email protected]
Webpage
: http://www.yalova.edu.tr/PersonDetail.aspx?CategoryID=5564&PersonID=651
Office Hours
: TBA
Aims of the Course
This course aims to acquaint students with the major issues and developments in Turkish politics. The
course consists of three distinct modules. The first module is a historical one and provides a review of the
political developments from the early Republican period to 2000s. The aim of this module is to provide
the necessary historical background. Civil-military relations will also be covered in this module. The
second module focuses on the main political currents and political parties in Turkey, examining Turkish
nationalism, conservatism-Islamism, left-social democracy and Kurdish nationalism. The third and the
final module examines the institutional context within which Turkish politics is played out, with
individual lectures on the constitution and regime type, electoral system, and voter behavior.
Course Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, the student should :
1. be familiar with the history and major issues of Turkish politics
2. be familiar with the major political parties and currents in Turkey
3. be able to analyze the institutional aspects of Turkish politics with special reference to regime type,
electoral system and voter behavior
Method
The instructor may use case studies, lectures, questions and exercises from the textbook, Power Point
presentations, and student experiences and responses.
Textbooks
Ali Kemal Özcan. Turkey’s Kurds: A Theoretical Analysis of the PKK and Abdullah Öcalan. Routledge,
2006.
Ayşe Kadıoğlu and E. Fuat Keyman (Eds.) Symbiotic Antagonisms: Competing Nationalisms in Turkey.
University of Utah Press,2011.
Barry Rubin and Metin Heper (Eds.) Political Parties in Turkey. Frank Cass, 2002.
Celia Kerslake, Kerem Öktem and Philip Robins (Eds.) Turkey’s Engagement with Modernity: Conflict
and Change in the Twentieth Century. Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.
Ergun Özbudun and Ömer Faruk Gençkaya. Democratization and the Politics of Constitution Making in
Turkey. Central European University Press, 2009.
Erik J. Zürcher. Turkey: A Modern History. I.B. Tauris, 2003.
Ersin Kalaycıoğlu and Ali Çarkoğlu. Turkish Democracy Today: Elections, Protest and Stability in an
Islamic Society. I.B. Tauris, 2007.
Ersin Kalaycıoğlu. Turkish Dynamics: Bridge across Troubled Lands. Palgrave Macmilla, 2005.
Feroz Ahmad. Turkey: The Quest for Identity. Oneworld Publications, 2003.
Hugh Poulton. Top Hat, Grey Wolve and Crescent: Turkish Nationalism and the Turkish Republic.
NewYork University Press, 1997.
M. Hakan Yavuz. Islamic Political Identity in Turkey. Oxford University Press, 2003.
Nicole F. Watts. Activists in Office: Kurdish Politics and Protest in Turkey. University of Washington
Press, 2010.
Özgür Mutlu Ulus. Army and the Radical Left in Turkey: Military Coups, Socialist Revolution and
Kemalism. I.B. Tauris, 2010.
Reşat Kasaba (Ed.) The Cambridge History of Turkey, Volume 4: Turkey in the Modern World.
Cambridge University Press, 2008.
Yalova University, Department of International Relations, YALOVA – TURKEY
2014-2015
FALL
YALOVA UNIVERSITY – DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Sabri Sayarı and Yılmaz Esmer (Eds.) Politics, Parties and Elections in Turkey. Lynne Rienner
Publishers, 2002.
Steven A. Cook. Ruling But Not Governing: The Military and Political Development in Egypt, Algeria
and Turkey. The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007.
Tanıl Bora and Murat Gültekingil (Eds.) Modern Türkiye’de Siyasi Düşünce, Cilt 8: Sol. İletişim, 2008.
Ümit Cizre (Ed.) Secular and Islamic Politics in Turkey: The Making of the Justice and Development
Party. Routledge, 2008.
Ziya Gökalp (Translated and edited by Niyazi Berkes) Turkish Nationalism and Western Civilization:
Selected Essays of Ziya Gökalp. Columbia University Press, 1959.
Articles from various academic journals.
There are required and recommended readings assigned for each week. Students are required to come to
class having made the required readings. Students are also encouraged to read recommended pieces.
Attendance Procedure
Punctuality and regular attendance in classes is of prime importance for successful completion of this
course. Students will be expected to arrive for class on time and to remain in class until the end of the
class session.
Course Changes:
The course syllabus provides a general plan for the course. The professor reserves the right to make
periodic changes to the syllabus, including: assignments, case studies, time table, examinations, etc., in
order to accommodate the needs of the class as a whole and fulfill the goals of the course.
Content of the Course
Date
Topic
September 18
September 25
October 2
October 9
October 16
October 23
October 30
November 6
November 13
November 20
November 27
December 4
December 11
December 18
Introduction & General information about course mechanics
The One-Party State
Multi-Party Elections and the DP Rule
1960s and 1970s - Political Polarization
1980s and 1990s - ANAP Rule and Coalition Governments
Civil-Military Relations
Turkish Nationalism
Readings
See below
Midterm Exam
Social Democracy and the Left
Conservatism & Islamism
Kurdish Nationalism
Constitution and Regime Type
Electoral System
Voter Behavior
Evaluation Methods and Tools
A summary of the grading follows:
Midterm Exam: 30%
Final Exam: 40%
Paper: 20%
Attendance: 10%
There will be a midterm exam and a final exam, and students will get points for attendance and
participation. Students are also required to prepare a term paper. Examinations will cover material
presented in class and in the textbook.
Yalova University, Department of International Relations, YALOVA – TURKEY
YALOVA UNIVERSITY – DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
2014-2015
FALL
Class Participation
Students are encouraged to ask questions to clarify understanding and to discuss and debate the theories,
principles, and concepts from the text, case studies, and lectures. Students will be expected to participate
in class and will be called upon on a regular and random basis.
Students are expected to come to class having made all the assigned readings for that session. To be
successful in the course, the student should expect to spend a minimum of 3-4 hours per week on
readings.
Academic Dishonesty:
Academic dishonesty will NOT be tolerated. Any student found to be involved in any verifiable incident
of academic dishonesty (copying, cheating, plagiarizing, etc.) will receive a grade of “F” for the class.
READINGS
MODULE I - INTRODUCTION AND CHRONOLOGICAL REVIEW
Week 1- Introduction
Week 2- The One-Party State
Eric J. Zürcher, Chs. 10 and 11 “The emergence of the one-party state, 1923-27” and “The Kemalist oneparty state, 1925-45”
Recommended:
Feroz Ahmad, Ch.4 “The Kemalist era, 1919-1938”
Ersin Kalaycıoğlu, Ch.2 “Founding the republic and the cultural revolution (1923-1946)”
Week 3 - Multi-Party Elections and the DP Rule
Eric J. Zürcher, Chs. 12 and 13 “The transition to democracy, 1945-50” and “The rule of the democratic
party, 1950-60”
Recommended:
Feroz Ahmad, Ch. 5 “Towards multiparty politics and democracy, 1938-1960”
Ersin Kalaycıoğlu, Ch. 3 “Democracy at work and at risk (1946-1960)”
Week 4 - 1960s and 1970s - Political Polarization
Eric J. Zürcher, Ch. 14 “The second Turkish republic, 1960-1980”
Recommended:
Feroz Ahmad, Ch. 6 “Military guardians, 1960-1980”
Ersin Kalaycıoğlu, Ch. 4 “The second republic (1961-1980)”
Week 5 - 1980s and 1990s - ANAP Rule and Coalition Governments
Eric J. Zürcher, Ch. 15 “The third republic, Turkey since 1980”
Recommended:
Feroz Ahmad, Ch. 7 “The military, the parties and globalization, 1980-2003”
Reşat Kasaba, Ch. 9 “Politics and political parties in republican Turkey” by Feroz Ahmad
Ersin Kalaycıoğlu, Ch. 5 “The third republic (1980-)”
Week 6- Civil-Military Relations
Turkish Studies, “The Turkish Republic and its army, 1923–1960” by William Hale, 2011.
Turkish Studies, “Military coups and Turkish democracy, 1960–1980” by George S. Harris, 2011
Turkish Studies, “Concordance and discordance in Turkish civil-military relations, 1980–2002” by
Nilüfer Narlı, 2011.
Turkish Studies, “Coup plots and the transformation of civil-military relations in Turkey under AKP rule”,
by Mehmet Bardakçı, 2013.
Recommended:
Turkish Studies, “Turkish civil-military relations: a Latin American comparison” by David Pion-Berlin,
2011
Yalova University, Department of International Relations, YALOVA – TURKEY
YALOVA UNIVERSITY – DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
2014-2015
FALL
Turkish Studies, “The Turkish military‟s autonomy, JDP rule and the EU reform process in the 2000s: an
assessment of the Turkish version of democratic control of armed forces (DECAF)” by Şule Toktaş and
Ümit Kurt, 2010.
Turkish Studies, “Civil-military relations in Europe, the Middle East and Turkey” by Nil S. Satana, 2011.
MODULE II - MAIN POLITICAL CURRENTS & PARTIES
Week 7- Turkish Nationalism
Kadıoğlu & Keyman, Ch.4 “Nationalist discourses in Turkey” by Tanıl Bora
Politics, Religion & Ideology, “The Rise and Fall of Nine Lights Ideology”, by Tamer Balcı, 2011.
Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, “Ideological Construction of the Politics of Nationalism in Turkey: The
Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi (MHP), 1965–1980”, by Ali Erken, 2014.
Recommended:
Insight Turkey, “Turkey‟s Radical Right and the Kurdish Issue: he MHP‟s Reaction to the “Democratic
Opening”, by Ödül Celep, 2010.
Kadıoğlu & Keyman, Ch. 6, “The genealogy of Turkish nationalism: from civic and ethnic to conservative
nationalism in Turkey” by Umut Uzer
Ziya Gökalp, “What is a nation”, “The ideal of nationalism”, “The Turkist programme: language”,
“Literature and music”, and “Religion”
Hugh Poulton, Ch. 5 “The grey wolve: the pan-Turkist fringe”.
Kadıoğlu & Keyman, Ch. 5 “The changing nature of nationalism in Turkey: actors, discourses and the
struggle for hegemony” by Umut Özkırımlı
Rubin & Heper, Ch. 3 “The Nationalist Action Party: representing the state, the nation or the
nationalists?”by Alev Çınar and Burak Arıkan
Week 8- Social Democracy and the Left
Bora & Gültekingil, “Türkiye‟de sosyalizm tarihinin ana çizgileri” by Murat Belge.
Turkish Studies, “The center-left parties in Turkey” by Sencer Ayata and Ayşe-Güneş Ayata. 2007.
Turkish Studies, “The EU Policy of the Republican People's Party under Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu: A New Wine
in an Old Wine Cellar”, by Seçkin Barış Gülmez, 2013.
Recommended:
Journal of Balkan and NearEastern Studies, “Europe and the impass of center-left politics in Turkey:
lessons from the Greek experience” by Ziya Öniş and Ioannis N. Grigoriadis.
Rubin & Heper, Ch. 7 “The Republican People‟s Party” by Ayşe Güneş Ayata
Özgür Mutlu Ulus, Ch. 9 “Conclusion”
Week 9- Conservatism & Islamism
Yavuz, Ch. 1 “Islamic social movements”
Ümit Cizre, Ch. 8 “The social bases of the Justice and Development Party” by İbrahim Dalmış and Ertan
Aydın
South European Society and Politics, “AKP at the Crossroads: Erdoğan's Majoritarian Drift”, by Ergun
Özbudun, 2014.
Democratization, “Moderation of religious and secular politics, a country's „centre‟ and democratization”,
by Murat Somer, 2014.
Recommended:
Kerslake, Öktem & Robins, Ch. 5 “Transformation of sufi-based communities in modern Turkey: the
Nakşibedis, the Nurcus and the Gülen community” by Elizabeth Özdalga
Yavuz, Chs. 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10: “The matrix of Turkish Islamic movements: the Nakşibendi sufi order”,
“Print-based Islamic discourse: the Nur movement”, “The neo-Nur movement of Fethulah Gülen”,“The
National Outlook movement and the rise of the Refah Party” and “The securitization of Islam and the
triumph of the AKP”.
Umut Azak, Chs. 3, 4 and 5 “Turkish Islam contested: the ezan debate and secularism”, “Reactionary
Islam as violent threat: the Malatya incident” and “Reactionary Islam as creeping threat: Said Nursi and
his disciples”.
Party Politics, “Islamists, democracy and Turkey: A test of the inclusion-moderation hypothesis”, by
Mehmet Gürses, 2014.
Week 10- Kurdish Nationalism
Reşat Kasaba, Ch. 12 “Kurds and the Turkish state” by Hamit Bozarslan
Yalova University, Department of International Relations, YALOVA – TURKEY
YALOVA UNIVERSITY – DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
2014-2015
FALL
Nicole F. Watts, Ch.2 “New collective challengers: the institutional trajectory of Turkey‟s first pro-Kurdish
party”
Ethnopolitics, “Elite Discourses, Nationalism and Moderation: A Dialectical Analysis of Turkish and
Kurdish Nationalisms”, by Serhun Al, 2014.
International Crisis Group, Europe Report No. 219, “Turkey, the PKK and a Kurdish settlement”, 11
September 2012.
Recommended:
Turkish Studies, “Turkey‟s Kurdish Opening: Long Awaited Achievements and Failed Expectations”, by
Özlem Kayhan Pusane, 2014.
TDSR, “Constructing Narratives of Kurdish Nationalism in the Urban Space of Diyarbakır, Turkey”, by
Muna Güvenç, 2011.
Ethnic and Racial Studies, “The racialization of Kurdish identity in Turkey”, by Murat Ergin, 2014.
Kadıoğlu & Keyman, Chs. 9 and 10 “Does Kurdish nationalism have a navel” by Hakan Özoğlu and
“Banditry to disloyalty: Turkish nationalisms and the Kurdish question” by Mesut Yeğen
Nicole F. Watts, “Introduction: other routes of resistance”, and Ch. 1 “Early routes: conditions of Kurdish
electoral mobilization”
Ali Kemal Özcan, Ch. 4 “The discourse and objectives of the PKK”
Ali Kemal Özcan, Ch. 3 “Enter the PKK”
MODULE III - INSTITUTIONS
Week 11- Constitution and Regime Type
Ergun Özbudun & Ömer Faruk Gençkaya, Chs. 1 and 6 “The history of constitution making in Turkey” and
“The constitutional crisis of 2007-2008 and the search for a new constitution”
Recommended:
Gazi Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, “2007 anayasa değişikliğinin doğurduğu tereddütler ve
çözüm yolları” by Bülent Yavuz
Political Science Quarterly, “Parliamentary government with a strong president: the post-1989 Turkish
experience” by Metin Heper and Menderes Çınar
Week 12- Electoral System and the Party System
Turkish Studies, “The electoral system and the 2007 elections: effects and debates” by William Hale, 2008
Sayarı & Esmer, Ch.1 “The changing party system” by Sabri Sayarı
Recommended:
Turkish Studies, “Extreme instability in electoral system changes: the Turkish case” by Burak Cop, 2011
Turkish Studies, “Towards a new Turkish party system?” by Sabri Sayarı, 2007
Insight Turkey, “Turkey‟s 2011 General Elections: Towards a Dominant Party System?”, by Ali Çarkoğlu,
2011.
Week 13- Voter Behavior
Kalaycıoğlu & Çarkoğlu, Ch. 7 “Explaining the vote choice in November 2002”
South European Society and Politics, “Plus ça Change Plus C'est la Même Chose: Consolidation of the
AKP's Predominance in the March 2014 Local Elections in Turkey”, by Ali Çarkoğlu, 2014.
Social Indicators Research, “Social Indicators and Voting: The Turkish Case”, by Emre Toros, 2014.
Recommended:
Sayarı & Esmer (Eds.), Chs. 5 and 7 “At the ballot box: determinants of voting behavior” by Yılmaz Esmer
and “Ethnic and religious bases of voting” by Ayşe-Güneş Ayata and Sencer Ayata
Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, “The Polarization Trap, Studies in Conflict & Terrorism”, by Arzu Kıbrıs,
2014.
Turkish Studies, “Attitudinal orientation to party organizations in Turkey in the 2000s” by Ersin
Kalaycıoğlu, 2008
Electoral Studies, “Economic evaluations vs. ideology: Diagnosing the sources of electoral change in
Turkey, 2002–2011”, by Ali Çarkoğlu, 2012.
Yalova University, Department of International Relations, YALOVA – TURKEY