Behind Boliim Kontrol Sistemlerinin Gecici ve Surekli Hal Davrani§lari, Hata ( Sapma) Analizi 5.1 Zaman yaniti ve test i§aretleri 5.2 Birinci ve ikinci dereceden sistemler 5.3 Ikinci dereceden sistemlere ucuncii kutbun ve sifirin etkisi 5.4 Hata ( Sapma) isareti analizi, Surekli hal hatasi 5.5 Bozucu ve giirultii i§aretleri analizi 5.6 Gecici hal coziimii kontrolii 5.7 Duyarhk analizi 5.8 Davranis indeksleri 5.9 Tasanm ornekleri 5.1 Zaman yaniti ve test isaretleri 5.1.1 Siirekli sistemlerin zaman yamti " Konfrols/sfeffl/erwde.tisA&itdawa/iwwa &/> d^Ag/^/n/ms qeneJJflde sa/aa/f yanrfi i!/2£r/ndw yayj/zr, y/rk i/z Jfa/zM Zamanwfo/ikt/ytmtfordc karsdasArdjr. y/rj/rf /Jr/h// da/i o/u&yiaJJaJ/r ; gedcAAiaA yaa/A/ ve sure/A/ Aa/yaa/ y^Jf) ). SJsiem ya/)/t y/AJ=yjb- yji) oAar. (jec/ci ha/ yan/t/, zaata/t J/er/edice ,ya/?/A/? i///ra y//A o/arak Amm/awr ; I/a? y//J=o 5>urakl/ AaAya/J/fj m , yasp/frs?<y£riyekah/? AvsMok/r. 7a/7 h/rh^ol s/sAemAer/nde g&da AaA a&r/raa/sAar/yAa A&/?>/ Aa/e ms/J/nedey?foczteJzag/?yaa/A/Aez zssA&n <u£/s/#ras/ $ap/na (hata) Au>nhA aafc/meA/abr. C/kwa sartkk A a/' ya referanz y/r/$j He ayu$/tJa/A/y//7/Aa at? s/sfanak karar// olu$ur. Jd$ar//r?a/a d&y&r/etfd/r/ne y&)c/\/£ sOrf&kf/ Aa y/tre yap/hak1ddr. 5.1.2 Orneksel test isaretleri Tatar/a? proAfe/v/fide, aaaA/2 m , ai/ra/vu Ad?y/& at/s/zia/aa, say/da t'ragkW Aesky/r/s /&r<ef/ /Ae yeA/J 7d$ar//r?a/a, darraa/z Ar/AerAer/ Aa A?sfA&r^AAer/ cfafaa ve dsA?/x Aa Ar/AerAer jtayAtfatfark ^//afe d/j&rjb/i/r* ! Bit /s#ret/er : a) &asamak FfajbsyMU olarak -janm/a/i/r ( rfr) = ft uff)) • h) kampa FwksiyMU .)ftaraUikFonh/yon •• Btd) H9 2 -/ o (1/z kafsay/s/ has/////: vedav/y/? eJetfh/v/sth Bj/ai/w/ 5.2 Birinci ve ikinci dereceden sistemler 6/rinci Jtrecede* T/sJ= K/(s+)>)timknakfi/nas/Aatiafe, J?/r//n basarnak r(k)=#fk) giris//j£///s/b/) e/k/s, dlttr. T= 1/p s/s/g/H/r? ^a/wan sab/fi'dr. 7~2/?/»a/r zaMh/n kikftktoes/ yff) t/k/s. btiyiik/£yii/?ii/i k/2fa sMakger/fie is/at/M ydacar. r^k^> i y&ri ys>l hnfre>/ e/i/yian/an seiarak y/k) </hs//j//? /kind d0r£c£d&? kmlko/ s/s/&n/eri ate, 3 yarar/finarak, yUm 1 -i t vi 2. £ degerkrine yore y/AJ W d/sgf/z/m/ farilm/slir. asaq/afa ^A>s Bis atfyisi/ne. i/ifJhi/t ofieat// Aim/fa/)//nfrrd&rf/ah iw//e&6fir. fee/km za/na/7/ Z/ • C/k$/a son t/eyer/m %5V we i/hpnsaya ka Ver/esm/ciftirata) za/Ha/?/ 7^: son//^/M bM i)r yWewz #e/n?es/ /oo deferis/adzka/aas/fewyecar?za/^anOeki/ok % YifkseJ/ne za/nan/~£'son a/eqerws) %10 'uxdan %9£ j/ia yMset y£cen za/na/j B>/r_fanfro/S/stito//i z/k/s/n/n /basamak g/r/sJ /</n ) Mhe/k say/amas/ /sf&iir : 4) Kaytik as/m b) kdci/k yl/ksg/nie 2a/va/?/ c) k/f^Dk gedk/ne 2a/va/)/ of) Kliaiik yer/es/m 2a/na/i/ Bu arada, r(rl- y(/j = £/k) l/e kaa/m/aaaa 5a/>/xa yaadkafa kklik ka/masf ama^/annoakkaa//r(3/>-hifarhafa*jnfita//atJa9& /fifpgra///?//?m/n/m///n• yay>/fotawabr: I=/fe&)ldt Mni/nu/ Uygu/a/vada 7~ yer/es/ne suresi , sonafef&y/f 2% a /y/y/& ka/ tekilde. be/jrlen/r. bu da y*k/auk 0/arak $onaa//w vzrjr. 7~. son deferm s- % V /c/aa/e kafosak sek/Zt/ % as//n _ swum a/-**/ (kafazy/s/) kak/a ve. kasakfer/d/k/eri btt/t/ttMak/ad/r •. % OSM- £ Atk/eSX ( /k/sity t/er&z&ifaa s/'s/kAv/zr ) f %a?»t O0 O.Z f 0,t 0,7- 0,6 16 *tk> es #,3 0,¥ 0,$ 25,*/ S?2 AS/JH 0 Or nek: 3/r hkhl 0,1 0,2.0,1 Of, OS o.c o* s/shain/n .1 W/- WAV^^/J olarak Vi/ilmMtr. Bir bteaiviak girly/ie. ikd/n, smmsozfe^tyzr(<ke$a/ tMM/nekaas/, SMU/H era/?/, ohtma 2aman/, O^/M daman/ < awtfky*) ek^e £tf /(s\2f%S+&£) k/o/ninJen f {*. 1. kazaJK) : t {tfvntfa 2*/»an/ Z a _iL = -A—=oSs Mim(-fye)degerj M (%) *a (%z /c/#) Xiao = e xioo=2*>,i% Ornek l\[>/ ; s/stern/ni as/m s% , yer/esme za/nam (y#2des/ 2%) 4sanJyen/n st/h/zdaka/aa?ksek//de fasar/ay/n/z. iukano/ak/ batf/alMon,fa'/ttasm/cit f=o ?&?ayyi//?afane/ffir J 0,7-0?/C)/J ku„= l//},?o?=:\kzo/i/r. $Mffc o>/arak K=w*= 2. , yb=2<fOij„ =2 o>//va//okr. - t / 5.3 Ikinci dereceden sistemlere iicuncii kutbun ve sifinn etkisi t/<u#dt afereceafea k/r s/s/zat/a , m= ? Jraffsker kowks/yer?a J/e /aw/v/a/tobyM/ i/xra?ya///*/( tv = i ak/aarak mra?a//e^knkm/s^r). <C<a//£a?a's//7da Cjk#?&?f, n ktSa/aaan £ayka/?a?as/ kaJ/ko/e / kcaMa afeszceak* s/srfe*t, aca/?c# reek kalay? efkk/' /k/va/ e^/Jgrek, /k//& afefgzesktf s/sfeate yak Josvk a/arak ab*ktf///?#k;//r(kask/a, ab/n/aa/?k, kaiup ha//). 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Mo ian (*/x* Iff) (f^^) Of&m 127A ve oJarmasunes//2.%ki~ —>(T 1 fe/7 /c/#J saa/ye. o/arM ketay>/a/i/ kukuy>/ar//7 kasha a/ma's/ ka/Me ,k ^keyOffer, zrat/yka, 20% v& Wfu/f&fls okarak J?ek/e#»iekfeya'i. $=0,05 a/eqeri (<f/Otfs-=z-zo) / / / tir ya£/as/k//k o/eyer/o/ap, 20s OfS/at o vee-jfiekffMr. S/sfejft//? ~fr~a/r$k#r -koaksJyoaamsmka $/kr ka/aaafar/t d& afavra/?/<> kz?/k//k/k yUker£c#£kr< He a/enll $o/?las/k etk/n httylata yah* /s& , z/fir/an/i efk/s/k kzabr k&zk? s/ kaabr, Bu /tzal&ak / kal/M/larak fa$a/7a?/t?a'a k/r J>'a s/tzyee k #fk/s/ka!ea karka/ua/vas/ y/>/a/ra ytitk ; (PI) * G6) Yes) klaraia samz/ C2%kr/fer/ id*) ASs ve asm ekatakssfoMz S/sit/n/a kaca/kaaa?aa isfea$/a. ^i/Jz yaUaS/jt o/arak 4-%)< [w As ^kjy^ #k//7^^k t/a/sa (a&w & *far. nya/?/*3t, ) . bavrew/? ira/rsk*r ke/jkvyMa T& , m rr i/d/H/aaf&l/k s % K kk s^X fi X ) /fs + A^S ^ = £+2fas+<V*=* z e&W/yi uyay/a^a i K 2m ize , K ^ 1b B/f duramda T ^ , %Gt&X*+& o/arak 6ed/ecek tkvrsa aia 7?s)* ) J*+ f6s+122 a/arott 6e//rUh)r. filmak/aJ/r. . o/ur(dcfazaaa1). 6pCs)*1 Ian a&ai 21% darak 6d/hka/Hev/?e kar&a, ka$J/2y£c kalianfkntito hal/adz, bu a/eyer, Meaal/y/ U2&-&, • A 5.4 Hata ( Sapma ) isareti analizi, Surekli hal hatasi Sek/Jdekj negaf/f yar/hes/ajvaJ/ s/s/eat &/e a//aj//?. £f*)* R(s) r Yts) /-//*)=* 1 tc/h /h/rim g&r/kesfesn e// $/'$fkjn) RCs) " 1+ GC*) saaaca ayars/yca, £fo* Fro- Afs)_ Gfo Mrs) R(s) zomcaaa var/f/r. Ba $MUC ESs) /sarefia/afife)y/r/s/a/a J>/c V& stsieai -forifay MUM bay// o/dagaaa gfofyf77?eJ5fa//r. Gc>2&/>fi4/?iin tZ—>oo -i&s? s///r o//naya/?/>//& sarek// ha/ha/as/ p/arah aa /aaa//n//r. 5a/7 o/&yer fa/m , l/ni e(/) * Im sE/$) yaz/Iah///r.5o>/?a<0/am/:. efa>)=e ^//ai . o/a?a&/aabr ss s^o Ba dt/nt/nda, or/jek oJarak fcfs)^J_ y/r/s/ae ///sh//? fb/r/a? samakyy/r/$i) saretft'hat' ha/as/, e = l/m „ . o/ar. i * 1+66) •f geribedme//' dstma/e. stM rM/>ay/r/s/he /'k/kk/k krf 10% okaa?k sek/kafe k( afey&k/?/' J/u/a/wz. - ///n s£fc)=* ///* s £ksu £ zzlim ^ = _jE HafitoM 1&Vo tifoiau it/fide $0M/c#/?a vara J/r. « , KCs+9) o/#n oj =JEQ— e&Mjpk uyamca, J(= 500 Btritn-geribeslme// a/may*/? s/si^/enJe (k.seb/deyprji/dky ayar/nca k&fa a/?ak/-z/ y#y>/ktk/'k/k. 6fs) Rfi) 6&) Yrsj Bti a/uru/nah stire/c//ha/ Ziafas/ e ss , o/a&?£//r. Or/iek : = f*Q , //C$) = (s+s) a/ay? /?eaak/ yar/kesJeate// sssfgyrjz/e. , h/r//n hafa/^ak y/r/s//?e /J/x/ya 5Ut£k// ha/ ha/as//?/ ha/aaaz. Est/oyer sjsfe/r?, fa) Gfs) b/4//w/7al£ ofaza/rfrr. 6 /s) ve //Os) yer/er//?& faaa/arsa, &/*),. , too s?+110s+400 darake/t/e aa#//r. a = 1/s l/nt * ^/ a ^ -Og S^ 1 + "00 1+0,25 ' s * 110S+400 s 5 0 2 o/u(, 3/r s/sUoi/n saraJU/ /?#/ hafe$/ e l^a/ai: Skton 71/,/ : s/s/aat//? &/s) ya/>/$/aaJ Gfs) /wh/ytauaaa s=a'da/://a/a/>/a~ r/a//i say/s/ $/sfa» //hi /t/arak a///aaa//r///r( , K(4+2$) 3 /?/>/ s/£^#?y _55 0 ^ ^*, . > — f/pj s/sfaaide. /// ff 4+(j($) — 4-h 6(9) a/ar. 5.5 Bozucu ve giiriiltii isaretleri analizi 3u k^z zeki/ckek/ h//)k dyayyra/w /node// kk km/to/0/w/? 3 #/ri<>// hjrj/71 genhesketne/i skskejn^ &k. ahs//). fe) Y& kk>l harefker/.s/rasiyka. kozaca ve aUru/fu isaref/irm _ karsM Jhmektidir. w ko/iirof etfkm k o n t m l 5 r EJs) 1 + 6h)6(s) Gc(s) \ . s/sfem G(s) 1+ 6d)6fo 1+G/s)5ft vanl/r. T^fe) k>02ua/ ve Nfs) giri/fi isareHeri s/ /sardine p/tiftisuz. eft yen /zarel/er o/maklad/r. zdHatMa kukanda verilen E/s) ha/a /sard £/$)= Rh)=Nfc)=o ia/J yazj/irsa, T/s) 6(s) bavik Mukw^fc) Mrehnin olur. SSrulJigu 0iLi Lis) - hata kardinddriol/JMSUZ e/tkki azallK Mkte. kt)2vat isaretler aleak kreka/xlid/n Ba nedznke &/s) ko/iirdlorti/iufi kf^rmnda c i/(1+ B foGfc))c/uyaHigjnm akak Irzkans/arda kuci/k ahasma c dikkat edilmel/dlr. Ormk : r>ekiUekifapatcevr/mlj hiz bnfrd sisiemino. ilitkin l?hk diag- ram £fc a/m/a. T (s) 11 t KuvvetJenc/lrfQ O l</(s) . Km Ka 7s7B t—>- Takometre. Bu djyayrasn sekddek/ gene/ bicimz. sokulab'ilir (Y(f)^.Wfs),Nti^o) 'HQ Rfs) 6Js) ^klfs) Gfs) z 1 66)- KgKtn Rfc)=o i cm Tj (s) 'in / £/y=__L__ Els) ,m=K,+ Ts+b hkta ka refine, e/h'si ek cr/mw. Si^kanda vzrilefi 6Mudar tfy#r//?ca, Em= &L-—7;rs) 7 yazjlob'dit. 6 6 H 1 l <Mrfi/r»win Jiim kreka/is> bolgesinde. 1 de/l J bkiyiiJ oltnas/ kialinde., R($)~D ic/n , l/\Jf$ 72) uyamw, GJs), 6k) V£ 9 1. 2 Jffc) yerferine konarak, <z/de edlkzcek pkursa, dde. tdihr. 7,fs) = y swdkyer feormi yak momanii'kin, surekl, hal diwrnu uyarjnca, limu/(i) = Jim sWfs)^ -1 b olur. Kmeklendind bmcinin yukekilm/ halinda de>, sonottuna vanl/r.
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