ᨻయไ⛣⾜ᮇࣝࢪ࢙ࣜ࠾ࡅࡿዪᛶࡢ⤌⧊ᆅᇦ㛤Ⓨ ̿ࣥࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣝປാ⪅ࢯࢩࢩ࢜ࣥࡢ㛵ಀࡽ̿ Organization of Algerian Women toward Local Development : Focused on the Relationship between Informal Workers and Associations During the Transition Period ே㛫ᩥᡂ⛉Ꮫ◊✲⛉ ࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮Ꮫ㝿◊✲ᑓᨷ D1 ᒣᮏἋᕼ せ⣙ ᩥ ᮏㄪᰝࡢ┠ⓗࡣࠊ ᖺ௦ࡢෆᡓࢆ⤒࡚ᨻయไ⛣⾜ᮇࢆ㏄࠼ࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࣝࢪ࢙ࣜ ࠾࠸࡚ࠊࣥࣇ࢛࣮࣐࣭࢚ࣝࢥࣀ࣑࣮ᚑࡍࡿዪᛶࢯࢩࢩ࢜ࣥ㸦ᕷẸᅋయࡲࡓࡣ ఫẸ⤌⧊㸧ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡽࠊᆅᇦཬࡧዪᛶయࡼࡿ⯆ࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࣝࢪ࢙ࣜࡣࠊᆅୗ㈨※㛤Ⓨࢆ᭱ඃඛࡍࡿᅜᐙᡂ㛗ᡓ␎ࢆᥖࡆ㈨※ᅜࡋ࡚ࡢࣉࣞ ࢮࣥࢫࢆ㧗ࡵ࡚ࡁࡓ୍᪉࡛ࠊኳ↛㈨※ࡢ㐣ᗘ࡞౫Ꮡࡼࡾ⤒῭యไࡣ⬤ᙅࡋࠊ▼Ἔ౯ ᱁ࡢୗⴠࡸᵓ㐀ㄪᩚᨻ⟇࠸ࡗࡓ」ᩘࡢせᅉࡀᙳ㡪ࡋ࡚ⱝ⪅ࡢኻᴗ㈋ᅔࡀ῝้ࡋࡓࠋ ࣥࣇ࢛࣮࣐࣭࢚ࣝࢥࣀ࣑࣮ࡣࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᏳᐃᑵປ⪅ࡸኻᴗ⪅ࡢ⏕άࡢᇶ┙ࢆᨭ࠼ࡿࡶ ࡢࡋ࡚ὀ┠ࢆᾎࡧࡿ୍᪉࡛ࠊ⾤㢌ࡢ⨾ほࢆᦆࡡࠊࡲࡓ㐪ἲ⤒῭ΰྠࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵ᧔ཤ ࡸ㝖ࡢᑐ㇟ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋᮏㄪᰝ࡛ࡣࠊ࡞࡛ࡶྍどࡀᅔ㞴࡞ࡓࡵࡑࡢᐇែࡀ࠶ࡲ ࡾ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ዪᛶປാ⪅ࡑࡢᏙ❧ࢆ㜵ࡄࡓࡵάືࡋ࡚࠸ࡿዪᛶࢢ࣮ࣝࣉཬࡧࢯ ࢩࢩ࢜ࣥ㛵ࡋࠊᏳࡀᝏࡋࡓ ௦௨㝆ࡢኚ㑄ࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡃࠊ࿘㎶ఫẸࡢዪ ᛶ⫋ᴗᨭࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᪧᕷ⾤࢝ࢫࣂࡢᅋయࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆࠊዪᛶࡢ⤌⧊ࡀປാ⪅ࡢ⏕ά ࡶࡓࡽࡍኚᐜࡘࡁ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋᅋయ⤌⧊ࡢཧほᐹࡽぢ࠼࡚ࡁࡓࡇࡣࠊᡭᕤⱁࢆ ࡣࡌࡵෆ⫋ᚑࡍࡿዪᛶࡢ༙ࡣ⮬Ꮿ␃ࡲࡾᐙ୪⾜ࡋ࡚ປാᚑࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊ ࢯࢩࢩ࢜ࣥࡣၟရࡸ㈍࣮ࣝࢺࡢ☜ಖࢆᨭࡍࡿࡢࡳ࡛࡞ࡃࠕࢯࢩࢩ࢜ࣥ㏻ ࠺ࠖ࠸࠺ྡ┠࡛እฟࡢᶵࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡉࡽෆᡓࡼࡗ࡚⬤ᙅࡋ ࡓ⪅ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࢆಟࡍࡿୖ࡛ࡶᶵ⬟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ⱥᩥ This study aims to examine how Algerian local associations have been involved in networking on the part of women workers engaged in the informal economy since the 1990s. After Algeria gained independence in 1962, the government prioritized strategic policies to exploit natural resources; however, this policy accelerated the establishment of a vulnerable regime that was extremely dependent on those profits. Therefore, 61 the declining global gas and oil prices at the end of the 1980s became a crucial factor in bringing about financial instability. And the structural adjustment program that followed further increased the number of unemployed. The informal economy has become a popular topic for scholars trying to understand and analyze these people’s way of life. But previous studies on this issue in Algeria have not sufficiently focused on women’s informal labor because most women belong to “invisible workplaces” for example doing piecework at home. Thus, the field-work for the present study took place within local women’s associations in urban areas, mainly in a group settled in the Casbah of Algiers to promote training for local women. It took one and a half months to conduct the participant observations and interviews, which aimed to examine the association’s roles and functions in preventing isolation of individual women, especially after the civil war broke out in the 1990s. These associations or groups consist of local women with close familiarity with other individuals, who were organized primarily to promote women’s ability to produce their own profits. To conclude this discussion of the field surveys, it is recognized that women’s groups have significance not only in helping to commercialize products but also in giving women a reason or excuse to get out of their homes. At the same time, these groups help to repair the civil relationships that had been cut off because of the disturbance to security during the 1990s. ⌧ᆅㄪᰝᮇ㛫㸸2013 ᖺ 9 ᭶ 27 ᪥㹼2013 ᖺ 11 ᭶ 12 ᪥ 㸦9 ᭶ 28 ᪥㹼10 ᭶ 28 ᪥ࣝࢪ࢙ᅾࠊ10 ᭶ 28 ᪥㹼11 ᭶ 11 ᪥ࣃࣜᅾ㸧 ㄪᰝ⫼ᬒ ࣝࢪ࢙ࣜࡣࠊ ᖺࣇࣛࣥࢫࡢ᳜Ẹᆅᨭ㓄ࡽ⊂❧ࡋࡓᚋࠊᆅୗ㈨※㛤Ⓨࢆ᭱ඃ ඛࡍࡿබඹᴗࡢ᥎㐍ࢆᅜᐙᡂ㛗ᡓ␎ࡋ࡚ᥖࡆ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ௨㝆ࠊබඹᴗࡢⓎᒎࡣࣝ ࢪ࢙ࣜ⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࣔࢹࣝࡢᰕ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᅜෆປാேཱྀࡢከᩘ㞠⏝ࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡶᚲ せྍḞ࡞ᡓ␎࡛࠶ࡿࡳ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡔࡀࡑࡢ୍᪉࡛ࠊ㎰ᴗࢆࡣࡌࡵࡍࡿ⏘ᴗࡣ ⾶㏥ࡋࠊ㐣ᗘ࡞౫Ꮡࡢࡓࡵ ᖺ௦ࡢ▼Ἔ౯᱁ᭀⴠࡸᵓ㐀ㄪᩚᨻ⟇ࡼࡗ࡚ኻᴗ⪅ࡣቑ ࠊࡉࡽ㒔ᕷ㒊࡛ࡢேཱྀቑຍࡀ㏣࠸ᡴࡕࢆࡅࠊⱝ⪅ࡢ㞠⏝ၥ㢟ࡣ῝้࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡇࢀࡽ⫋࠶ࡪࢀࡓⱝ⪅㐩ࡢ⏕άࢆᨭ࠼ࡓࡢࡣࠊ㒔ᕷ㒊࣭㎰ᮧ㒊᪉࠾࠸࡚㈋ᅔᒙࡢ ධ⋓ᚓᡭẁࡋ࡚╔┠ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࣥࣇ࢛࣮࣐࣭࢚ࣝࢥࣀ࣑࣮࡛࠶ࡿࠋṇつ㞠⏝ᑵࡅ࡞ ࠸ⱝ⪅ࡽࡣࠊྠศ㔝ࢆせ࡞ධ※࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᴗࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ⏕άࡢᇶ┙ࢆᨭ࠼࡚࠾ࡾࠊ ࣝࢪ࢙ࣜᅜᐙ⤫ィᒁONSࡣࠊ᪥࠾ࡅࡿປാேཱྀࡢ㐣༙ᩘࡣࣥࣇ࢛࣮࣐࣭࢚ࣝࢥ 62 ࣀ࣑࣮ࡼࡗ࡚ධࢆᚓ࡚࠸ࡿබ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡞࡛ࡶዪᛶࡣ⮬Ꮿ࡛ࡢᑠつᶍ࡞⏕⏘ ᚑࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊྍどࡢᅔ㞴ࡉࡀᣦࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ௨ୖࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ᮏㄪᰝ࡛ࡣࠊపᡤᚓ࣭ ㈋ᅔᒙࡢࣝࢪ࢙ࣜேዪᛶࡀ࠸ࣥࣇ࢛࣮࣐࣭࢚ࣝࢥࣀ࣑࣮ࡢປാ⪅ࡋ࡚⤌ࡳ㎸ ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࠊࡾࢃࡅෆᡓᮇ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ ᖺ௦௨㝆ࡢኚᐜࡘࡁศᯒࡍࡿࠋࡑࡢୖ࡛ ࢯࢩࢩ࢜ࣥ㸦ᕷẸᅋయࡲࡓࡣఫẸ⤌⧊㸧ࢆࡣࡌࡵࡋࡓእ㒊⤌⧊ࡢᙺ╔┠ࡋࠊእ 㒊ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ⠏ࡃࡇ࡛ዪᛶࡢ⤌⧊ࡀࡢࡼ࠺㉳ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ᳨ウࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ ㄪᰝ┠ⓗ ᮏㄪᰝࡢ┠ⓗࡣࠊ ᖺ௦ࡢෆᡓࢆ⤒࡚యไ⛣⾜ᮇࢆ㏄࠼ࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࣝࢪ࢙ࣜ࠾࠸ ࡚ࠊࣥࣇ࢛࣮࣐࣭࢚ࣝࢥࣀ࣑࣮ᚑࡍࡿዪᛶࡢ⮬Ⓨⓗ࡞ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡘࡁࢯࢩࢩ࢜ ࣥ㸦ᕷẸᅋయࡲࡓࡣఫẸ⤌⧊㸧ࡢ㛵ಀࡽศᯒࡍࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊᆅᇦཬࡧዪᛶయࡼ ࡿ⯆ࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽࣝࢪ࢙ࣜࡢᪧ᐀ᅜ࡛࠶ࡾྠᅜฟ㌟ࡢ ⛣Ẹࡀ⌧ᅾࡶከࡃᒃఫࡍࡿࣇࣛࣥࢫ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ ᖺ௦௨㝆ࡢࣝࢪ࢙ࣜໃࡢኚື ཬࡧࡑࢀࡶὶධࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ⛣ఫ⪅ࡢືྥࡘࡁࠊ♫⛉Ꮫ㧗➼◊✲㝔ࢆ୰ᚰᩥ⊩㈨ ᩱ㞟ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ࡞࠾ࠊࣝࢪ࢙ࣜ࠾ࡅࡿㄪᰝ࡛ࡣࠊࣥࣇ࢛࣮࣐࣭࢚ࣝࢥࣀ࣑࣮ᚑ ⪅ࡀࡼࡾከࡃࡳࡽࢀࡿ㒔ᕷ㒊ࢆ࡞ㄪᰝᆅࡋࡓࠋ ㄪᰝ᪉ἲ 㤳㒔ࣝࢪ࢙࠾࠸࡚ዪᛶࡢ⫋ᴗカ⦎ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᅋయཬࡧၟရࡢ㈍ࡲ࡛㛵ࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿᅋయࡘࡁࠊཧほᐹ⪺ࡁྲྀࡾᇶ࡙ࡃㄪᰝࢆᐇࡋࡓࠋ࡞ㄪᰝᑐ㇟ࡣࣝࢪ࢙ࡢ ᪧᕷ⾤࢝ࢫࣂ࠶ࡿዪᛶᅋయࠕ࢝ࢫࣂࡢᡭᕤⱁ⫋ேࠖࡋࠊྠᅋయ࡚࣎ࣛࣥࢸࡋ ࡚άືᦠࢃࡾ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ⫋ᴗカ⦎ࡸ㈨㔠⟶⌮࣭㐠Ⴀ᪉ἲࠊᮦᩱ➼≀㈨ࡢㄪ㐩ࠊ㈍ᡭẁ ࡘࡁᩚ⌮ࡍࡿࡶࠊᅋయࡢタ❧ࡽ⌧ᅾ⮳ࡿࡲ࡛ࡢṔྐⓗ⤒⦋ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡾࢃࡅ ᖺ௦ࡢ♫ໃࡢ㛵ಀᛶ╔┠ࡋ࡚⪺ࡁྲྀࡾࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠕ࢝ࢫࣂࡢᡭᕤⱁ⫋ேࠖ ࡢࡶࠊ㒔ᕷ㒊࡚ዪᛶࡢ⫋ᴗカ⦎ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᅋయ࢚࣭࣐࣭ࣝ࢘ࣥࢼࢪࣁཬࡧఏ⤫ᕤ ⱁศ㔝ࡢዪᛶ⫋ேࢆᑐ㇟ၟရࡢ㈍ಁ㐍ᨭࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠕࣞࢨ࣮ࣝࠖࢆゼၥࡢୖࠊά ືᴫせࡘࡁ⪺ࡁྲྀࡾㄪᰝࢆᐇࡋࡓࠋ ࣝࢪ࢙ᅾᚋࡣࠊࣃࣜ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ♫⛉Ꮫ㧗➼◊✲㝔ᆅ୰ᾏྐ◊✲ᡤࡀ㛤ㅮࡍࡿ࣐ࢢ ࣞࣈྐ㛵ࡍࡿබ㛤ࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮ฟᖍࡋࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫࠊࣝࢪ࢙ࣜ୧ᅜ࠾ࡅࡿࣝࢪ࢙ࣜ ㏆⌧௦ྐ◊✲ࡢⓎᒎࡘࡁ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ୍ຓࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࣃࣜ➨ Ꮫ࡚ࣝࢪ࢙ ࣜࡢࣥࣇ࢛࣮࣐࣭࢚ࣝࢥࣀ࣑࣮ࢆᑓ㛛ࡍࡿ⤒῭Ꮫ⪅ࡢࣇࣜࢵࣉ࣭ࢹ࣮ࣝᩍᤵ 㠃ࡋࠊ༠㆟ࡢᶵࢆタࡅࡓࠋࡉࡽ ᖺ௦ࡽ ᖺ௦ࡅ࡚ࣃࣜ⛣ఫࡋࡓ ࣝࢪ࢙ࣜேᩘྡᑐࡋ⪺ࡁྲྀࡾࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࠊ᥋ゐࡋࡓ࡞࡛၏୍ࡢዪᛶ࡛࠶ࡿ R ࡢ⤒ Ṕࡘࡁࠊᮏሗ࿌᭩ࡢ᭱ᚋྲྀࡾୖࡆࡓࠋ ࡞࠾ୖグㄪᰝࡢࠊࣝࢪ࢙࠾࠸࡚ࡣࣥࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣝᴗ⪅࡛⁄ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢭ࣐࣮ࣝ༺ ᕷሙࡢどᐹࠊṇ࡞࣮ࣝࢺ࡛ධᡭࡋࡓእᅜ⏘Ꮚࡶ᭹ࡢࣈࢸࢵࢡࢆ⤒Ⴀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿዪᛶ 63 ࡢࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࠊࣥࣇ࢛࣮࣐࣭ࣝࢭࢡࢱ࣮ࢆᑓ㛛ࡍࡿࣝࢪ࢙Ꮫᩍဨ࠾ࡼࡧグ⪅ ࡢ㠃ࢆ㏻ࡋሗ㞟ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࣃࣜ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࣝࢪ࢙ࣜ㝈ࡽࡎ⛣Ẹ⯡ࡢ♫ ⤫ྜᨭࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᅋయࢆゼၥࡋࡓࠊ♫⛉Ꮫศ㔝ࡢᩥ⊩ࢆከࡃ᭷ࡍࡿ࣏ࣥࣆࢻ ࣮බඹᅗ᭩㤋ཬࡧࣛࣈୡ⏺◊✲ᡤ࡚ᩥ⊩㈨ᩱ㞟ࢆ⾜࠸ࠊࡉࡽ࢝ࣅ࣮ࣝᆅ᪉ࡢዪ ᛶࡢෆ⫋ࢆᑓ㛛ࡍࡿ࣭࣌ࣞࢧࣦ࢛Ꮫᩍဨࢆゼၥࡢୖࠊពぢࡢᶵࢆタࡅࡓࠋࡇ ࢀࡽࢆ࡚ᮏሗ࿌᭩ࡵࡿࡢࡣᅔ㞴࡞ࡓࡵࠊឡࡉࡏ࡚㡬ࡃࡇࡍࡿࠋ ㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ 㸬ࠕ࢝ࢫࣂࡢᡭᕤⱁ⫋ேࠖㄪᰝሗ࿌ 㸬タ❧ࡽ⌧ᅾ⮳ࡿṔྐⓗ⫼ᬒ ࠕ࢝ࢫࣂࡢᡭᕤⱁ⫋ே Artisan de la Casbahࠖࡣࠊ ᖺ࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢡ⣔ᅜ㝿 NGO ࢝ ࣜࢱࢫࡀࠊ࿘㎶ᆅᇦࡢዪᛶᑐࡍࡿᆅྥୖࢆࡵࡊࡋ࡚ࣝࢪ࢙ࡢᪧᕷ⾤࢝ࢫࣂタ❧ࡋ ࡓᅋయ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᙜึࡣࠊእ㒊⪅࡛࠶ࡿ࢝ࣜࢱࢫࡢࢫࢱࢵࣇࡀ㐠Ⴀࡽ⫋ᴗカ⦎⮳ࡿࡲ࡛ ୰ᚰⓗᙺࢆᢸ࠸ࠊ࿘㎶ఫẸࡢዪᛶࡣᨭࢆாཷࡍࡿࡔࡅࡢᏑᅾ࡛ࡋ࡞ࡗࡓࡀࠊ ᖺ௦ᚎࠎ࿘㎶ᆅᇦࡢᏳࡀᝏࡋࡓࡇ࡛ࠊ ᖺࡼࡾࠊᐇ㉁ⓗ࡞㐠Ⴀཬࡧάືࢆᆅඖ ࡢዪᛶ㐩ࡀᘬࡁཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠙┿ ࠚ⤌⧊ࡢෆほ ᖺࠊ᪂ᨻඪࢫ࣮࣒ࣛᩆ῭ᡓ⥺㸦FIS㸧ࡢᆅ᪉㑅ᣲ࠾ࡅࡿᅽࢆయไࡀ↓ຠࡋ ࡓࡇ࡛ࢫ࣮࣒ࣛṊ⩏ໃຊయไഃࡢ⃭ࡋ࠸ᑐ❧ࡀ⥆ࡁࠊ ᖺ௦ࡣᐇୖࡢෆᡓ ≧ែධࡾࠊ␗ᩍᚐ࡛࠶ࡿእᅜேࡣࡶࡕࢁࢇ▱㆑ேࡸࣇ࢙࣑ࢽࢫࢺࠊ᭱⤊ⓗࡣᕷẸ⯡ ࡀᨷᧁࡢᑐ㇟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ࡞ࠊ ᖺ ᭶ ᪥ࠊ࢝ࢫࣂࡢᅗ᭩㈨ᩱᐊົࡋ࡚ ࠕ࢝ࢫࣂࡢᡭᕤⱁ⫋ேࠖࡢ㐠Ⴀ ࠸ࡓ࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢡᩍ㛵ಀ⪅ ேࡀẅᐖࡉࢀࡓࡢࢆཷࡅࠊ ࠶ࡓࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ࢝ࣜࢱࢫࡢࢫࢱࢵࣇࡣࠊࡇࢀ௨ୖ࢝ࢫࣂ␃ࡲࡿࡇࡣฟ᮶࡞࠸ุ᩿ࡍࡿࠋ ᙜࠊྠᅋయ㢖⦾㏻ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ࢝ࢫࣂᅾఫࡢዪᛶ MࠊGࠊF ࡢ ே㏦ࡽࢀࡓࠕࢭࣥࢱ ẅᐖࡉࢀࡓࡢࡣࠊ࣭ࣥࣜ࣋ࣝࢪ࢙࣭ࣈࣛࢨ࣮࣏࣮࣭࢚࣮ࣝࣞࢾ࣭ࢧ࣭ࣥࣞࣔࣥࢩࢫ ࢱ࣮ࠋ 20 64 ࣮ࡢⓎ㊊ࢆồࡴ᭩⡆ࠖ㢟ࡍࡿ᭩≧ࡢ୍㒊ෆᐜࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ⚾ࡓࡕࡣࠊ࢝ࢫࣂࡢ⦭〇ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸦௨ୗࠊࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸧ࡢⓎ㊊⫋ᴗ㣴ᡂࡢࡓࡵࡢᤵ ᴗࡢ㛤ࢆᮃࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡀࠊ࢝ࣜࢱࢫ㛵ಀ⪅ࡣᏳࡀᨵၿࡋ࡞࠸㝈ࡾ࢝ࢫࣂ㉱ࡃࡇ ࡣฟ᮶ࡎࠊᅋయࡢ㐠Ⴀάື㈐௵ࢆ㈇࠺ࡇࡣࡶࡣࡸྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࡇࡇ ゎỴ⟇ࢆ ࡘᥦࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ D ᘓ≀ࡢ㛢㙐 E ⌧ᅾṧࡉࢀࡓ㈨㔠ࢆ⏝࠸ࠊ⌧ᆅࡢዪᛶ㐩࡛㐠Ⴀࢆ㛤 ௨ୖࢆ⇍⪃ࡢୖࠊ᭩㠃࡚ᅇ⟅࠶ࡾࡓ࠸ࠋ ᖺ ᭶ ᪥᭩⡆ࡢ୍㒊ᢤ⢋ ๓ཱྀ㢌࡛ᡴデࡉࢀࡓᚋࠊ᭩㠃ࢆཷࡅࡗࡓ MࠊGࠊF ࡣ㸦㸧ࢆ㑅ᢥࡋࠊ࢝ࢫࣂ࠾ ࡅࡿᐇ㉁ⓗ࡞㐠Ⴀࡣ⌧ᆅࡢዪᛶクࡉࢀࡓࠋࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡋ࡚⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᘓ≀࠾ࡼࡧ୍ 㒊ࡢᶵᮦࠊᚲせ࡞⤒㈝ࢆ࢝ࣜࢱࢫࡀ㈇ᢸࡍࡿ୍᪉࡛ࠊ࢝ࢫࣂ࠾ࡅࡿᤵᴗࡢᥦ౪ࡸࢭࣥࢱ ࣮ࡢ⥔ᣢ⟶⌮ࡣ MࠊGࠊF ࡀ୰ᚰᇳࡾ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢᚋࠊG F ࡣ⤖፧ࢆᶵ࢝ࢫࣂࢆ㞳 ࢀࠊ㢖⦾ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㏻࠼࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊM ࡑࡢጒ࡛࠶ࡿ N ࡀ୰ᚰ࡞ࡾάືࢆ ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊ ᖺ M ࡶ⤖፧ࡀỴࡲࡾࠊ⌧ᅾࡣ N ࡀࢭࣥࢱ࣮ఫࡳ㎸ࡳࠊM ࡣ࢝ࢫ ࣂእ࠶ࡿ⮬Ꮿࡽᐃᮇⓗ㏻࠺ࡇ࡛㐠Ⴀࡀᡂࡾ❧ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ⌧ᅾࠊྠᅋయࡢ㐠Ⴀ㛵ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊ࢝ࢫࣂ࡛ࡢάືࢆᐇ㉁ⓗᨭ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ M Nࠊ ㈨㔠㠃ࡢࣂࢵࢡࢵࣉࢆ⾜࠸ࠊᘓ≀➼㈈⏘ࡢᡤ᭷⪅࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ࢝ࣜࢱࢫ࣭ࣝࢪ࢙ࣜࠊ࢝ ࣜࢱࢫࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢᶫΏࡋⓗᙺࢆᢸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ↓⤥࣎ࣛࣥࢸࡢዪᛶ㸦እᅜ⡠㸧 ே࡛ ࠶ࡿࠋ➹⪅ࡣࠊㄪᰝᮇ㛫୰ࠊእ㒊⪅ࡢ୰࡛᭱ࡶᐇ㉁ⓗ࡞άື㛵ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ேࡢ࣎ࣛࣥ ࢸຍ࠼࡚ࡶࡽ࠸ࠊ⤌⧊㐠Ⴀάືᙧែࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢཧほᐹࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢᡂ ᯝࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊୗグ 㸬࡛ሗ࿌ࡍࡿࠋ 㸬άືᙧែ ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢ࡞άືࡣࠊᕼᮃ⪅ᑐࡋ⦭ࠊᩱ⌮ࠊ࣐ࢡ࣓ࣛ࠸ࡗࡓෆ⫋ࡿ⫋ᴗ カ⦎ࡢᶵࢆᥦ౪ࡢୖࠊᢏ⾡ࢆయᚓࡋࡓዪᛶࡀෆ⫋ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ධࢆᚓࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺ࠊసᴗࡢ Ⓨὀၟရࡢ㈍ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㈍ᶵࢆฟ࡛ࡁࡿࡢࡣ⦭㛵ಀ㝈ࡽࢀࠊᏊ ࡶ᭹ࡸ㠜ࡢ〇సࠊ࢝ࢦࣂࢵࢢࡢ㣭ࡢࠊᐃᮇⓗ᪂సࡢၟရࡸࢹࢨࣥࢆ⦅ࡳฟࡍࡇ ࡛ࠊᅛᐃᐈࡢ⋓ᚓດࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋၟရࡢ〇స࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࡣࠊM Nࠊ࣎ࣛࣥࢸࡀྜྠ ࡛༠㆟ࡢ࠺࠼ᆺࢆ⪃ࡋࠊ⏝ࡍࡿ⏕ᆅࡸࢹࢨࣥࡢヲ⣽ࢆỴᐃࡍࡿࠋᮦᩱ࡞ࡿᕸᆅࡸ ࢝ࢦࣂࢵࢢࠊ㣭ရࡣ N ࡲࡓࡣ࣎ࣛࣥࢸࡀ㐺ᐅㄪ㐩ࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ᪂ࡓ㉎ ධࡋࡓࡶࡢࡣ࣎ࣛࣥࢸࡢࢫࢱࢵࣇሗඹ᭷ࡢ࠺࠼ࠊ࡚ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢᖒ⡙グ㍕ࡉࢀ ࡿࠋᮦᩱ㈝ࡣཎ๎㉎ධᘓ࡚᭰࠼ࠊᚋ࢝ࣜࢱࢫࡀ⢭⟬ࡍࡿࠋᮦᩱࡣࠊ㏆ሙ࠶ࡿᡭᕤ ⱁရࡸᕸᆅࢆᢅ࠺༺ᗑ࡛㉎ධࡍࡿࠊ≉ᐃࡢ≀㈨ࡣ N ࡀ┴እࡲ࡛ㄪ㐩ฟࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ẖ㐌 㹼 ᪥ࠊእ㒊ࡢ࣎ࣛࣥࢸࢫࢱࢵࣇࡀࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࢆゼࢀࠊMࠊN ࡶ㸦㸧Ⓨὀ グ㘓↷ࡽࡋྜࢃࡏ࡞ࡀࡽࡢసᴗࡢ㐍ᤖࠊ㸦㸧ィᖒ⡙ࡢ㏣ຍ㡯ࡢグ㘓ࠊ㸦㸧᪂ࡓ࡞ 65 ࣔࢹࣝࠊၟရࡢᡴࡕྜࢃࡏࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ࡞࠾ࠊປാᑐࡋᚓࡽࢀࡿᑐ౯ࡣᖺࡲ࡛ ࣝࢪ࢙ ࣭ࣜࢹࢼ࣮ࣝ㸦'$㸧㸭㸦'$㸻⣙ 㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊ ᖺᅜෆἲ࡛᭱ప㈤㔠 ࡀ '$ ᘬࡁୖࡆࡽࢀࡓࡇࢆཷࡅࠊྠᖺ '$㸭ቑ㢠ࡋࡓࠋ ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢάືࡢ୰ᚰࡣ⦭〇సᴗࢆ㏻ࡋࡓዪᛶࡢ⮬❧ᨭ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊసᴗ⮬యࡣࡑࢀࡒ ࢀ⮬Ꮿᣢࡕᖐࡿࡇࡀ༙࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡣ࿘㎶ᆅᇦࡢዪᛶࡀ㞟ࡲࡾὶࡍࡿࡓ ࡵࡢሙࡋ࡚ᶵ⬟ࡍࡿࡇࡶᮇᚅࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ᪥࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊM ࡢࡶ࡛ࡘ࡚ᡭ ࢆᏛࢇࡔዪᛶࡀᐃᮇⓗࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࢆゼၥࡋࠊ࠸ࡢ㏆ἣࢆሗ࿌ࡋྜࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀ ࡽࠊࡑࡢࢇࡀ⤖፧ࡸ⮬Ꮿࡢಽቯ➼ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ࡛᪤࢝ࢫࣂࢆ㞳ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ᪂ ࡓࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࢆゼၥࡍࡿ࿘㎶ᆅᇦࡢዪᛶࡀῶᑡഴྥ࠶ࡿࡇࡀᠱᛕ㡯࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡑࡶࡑࡶ࢝ࢫࣂᆅ༊ࡢᐙᒇࡣᘓ≀ࡀྂ࠸ࡓࡵ⪏㟈ᗘࡀᴟ➃పࡃࠊ⮬ᏯࡢಽቯࡸᏳ㠃 ࡢၥ㢟ࡀཎᅉ࡛ࡢᆅ༊⛣ࡽࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ఫẸࡀቑ࠼ࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ୰ࠊ᪥࠾ ࡅࡿ࿘㎶ᆅᇦࡢዪᛶࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞㟂せࢆᐹ▱ࡋࠊᚲせᛂࡌ࡚άືࡢ᪉ྥᛶࢆ㌿ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡃ ࡇࡀồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ Ꮚࡶ᭹ࡸ㠜ࡢᆺࡢỴᐃࡣࠊ㉎ධࡋࡓᡭᕤⱁ㛵ಀࡢ࢝ࢱࣟࢢࡸᐇ≀ࡢ᪤〇ရࢆᡭᮏ⾜ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᪂ࡓ࡞ၟရࢆ⦅ࡳฟࡍ㝿ࡣࠊMࠊN ࣎ࣛࣥࢸࢫࢱࢵࣇࡀ࠸ၟရࡋ ࡚⎍ࡔ⣡ᚓࡍࡿࡲ࡛ヨసရࢆఱᗘࡶ〇సࡍࡿࠋ➹⪅ࡀゼࢀࡓ ᭶ึ᪪ࡣࠊഛ࠼᪂ ၟရࡢᆺࢆ᳨ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ᭱୰࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊ࣎ࣛࣥࢸࢫࢱࢵࣇࡢ୍ேࡀࢳࣗࢽࢪ〇 ࡢዪඣྥࡅࢥ࣮ࢺࢆᣢཧࡋࠊྠᆺࡢ⾰㢮ࢆ〇సฟ᮶࡞࠸ MࠊN ᣢࡕࡅ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡑࡢ ሙ࡛ࠊ⌧ᅾࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࢫࢺࢵࢡࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᕸᆅࢆ☜ㄆࡋ⏝ࡍࡿ⏕ᆅࡸࢧࢬ࠸ࡗࡓヲ ⣽ࢆỴᐃࡢୖࠊM ࡀヨసရྲྀࡾࡿࡇ࡛ྜពࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢࠊᅾ୰〇సࡋ࡚࠸ ࡓ࡞ヨసရཬࡧၟရࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠙┿ ࠚࢥ࣮ࢺࡢぢᮏྑヨసရࡢ㏵୰⤒㐣ᕥ࠙┿ ࠚࣀ࣮ࢺ࢝ࣂ࣮ヨసရ ࣑ࣛࢿ࣮ࢺ⏕ᆅࣅࢽ࣮ࣝࢥ࣮ࢸࣥࢢࡉࢀࡓᕸ ᆅ࡞ࡢ࡛ࠊ㤿ຊࡀᙅ࠸࣑ࢩ࡛ࣥࡣ⥡㯇⦭࠺ࡢ ࡀ㞴ࡋࡃࠊၟရࡍࡿ᳨ウ୰ 66 ࠙┿ ࠚ ၟရ⏝࢝ࢦࣂࢵࢢ ࠙┿ ࠚ ၟရ⏝ࡩࡁࢇ 㸬ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㛵ࢃࡿዪᛶ㐩 ⌧ᅾࠊ࢝ࢫࣂࡢࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᐃᮇⓗ㏻ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ㐠Ⴀᦠࢃࡿ M N ࡢࠊࢭࣥ ࢱ࣮࡛⫋ᴗカ⦎ࡢᤵᴗࢆ㸦M ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ N ࡽ㸧ཷࡅࡓᚋࡶࢆᚓࡿࡓࡵࢭࣥࢱ࣮ ㏻࠺࢝ࢫࣂฟ㌟ࡢዪᛶࠊࡲࡓ⌧ᅾ࠾࠸࡚⫋ᴗカ⦎ࡢᤵᴗࢆཷࡅ᮶ࡿ࿘㎶ᆅᇦᅾఫࡢ ዪᛶ࡛࠶ࡿࠋM N ࡣࣝࢪ࢙ࣜࡀ⊂❧ࡋ࡚ࡲࡶ࡞࠸㡭㸦 ᖺ௦ึ㢌㸧࢝ࢫࣂ࡛ ⏕ࡲࢀࠊ ேࡢᘵጜጒࡶ࢝ࢫࣂ࡛⫱ࡗࡓࡀࠊN ࢆ㝖ࡁࠊ࡚ࡢᘵጜጒࡀ⤖፧ ྠ࢝ࢫࣂࢆ㞳ࢀࠊ⌧ᅾࡣ୧ぶࡶ⏺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋM N ࡣ⤖፧ࡏࡎ࢝ࢫࣂṧࡾࠊ ඹᬽࡽࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊM ࡣ ᖺぶ㢮ࡢ່ࡵࡓ⏨ᛶ⤖፧ࡋࠊኵࡢᐙධࡿࡓࡵ࢝ ࢫࣂࢆ㞳ࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ⌧ᅾࡣ࢝ࢫࣂࡽ⣙ NP ࡢࣈ࣮ࢨࣞᆅ༊ᒃఫࡋࠊ⮬Ꮿ ࡽࣂࢫ࡛ᐃᮇⓗࢭࣥࢱ࣮㏻ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ⤖፧ᚋࡣኵࡢ┘どࡀཝࡋࡃࠊ⮬⏤እฟ࡛ࡁ ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡓࡵ⤖፧ࢆᚋࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࢭࣥࢱ࣮㏻࠺ࡇࡣチྍࡉ ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊෆ⫋ࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿࡇࡼࡾእฟࡢᶵࡀ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋM ࡣࠊ⦭ࡢࡶ ࠶ࡽࡺࡿࢆ✚ᴟⓗཷࡅࡅ࡚࠾ࡾࠊぶ㢮ࡸ▱ேࡽᐃᮇㄪ⌮㛵ಀࡢ౫㢗ࢆ ᘬࡁཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㏆ࠎ⤖፧ࢆ㏄࠼ࡿぶ㢮ࡀ࠶ࢀࡤࠊ୧ᐙࡢ㞟ࡲࡾࡸ⤖፧ᘧ࡛ࡩࡿࡲ࠺ᩱ⌮ ࡸ↝ࡁⳫᏊࡢ୍㒊సᴗࢆᘬࡁཷࡅࠊࡑࢀࡽ୍㐃ࡢෆ⫋ࡼࡗ࡚ᚓࡓධࡣኵࡣሗ࿌ࡏࡎࠊ ⮬ศࡢ⮬⏤⏝࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࠙┿ ࠚぶ㢮ࡽὀᩥࢆཷࡅࠊㄪ⌮సᴗ୰ࡢ 0 ͤࣝࢪ࢙ࣜᩱ⌮ࣈࣞࢵࢡ㸦ᥭࡆᕳࡁ㸧 ࡢ⓶ࢆㄪ⌮୰ࠋ ᯛ࡛ '$ ࡢሗ㓘ࢆᚓࡽࢀࡿࠋ 67 ࢭࣥࢱ࣮࡛ M ࡲࡓࡣ N ࡢࡶ࡛⫋ᴗカ⦎ࡢᢏ⾡ࢆ⩦ᚓࡋࡓዪᛶ㐩ࡣࠊࡑࡢ༙ࡀ࢝ࢫ ࣂࢆ㞳ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊ⌧ᅾࡶᐃᮇⓗࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࢆゼࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ࠺ࡕࡢ୍ே࡛࠶ࡿ S ࡣࠊ ᖺࠊ⏕ᚋ ᖺ࡛㧗⇕ࢆฟࡋࡓ㝿ࠊẕぶࡀᡴࡗࡓ࣡ࢡࢳࣥࡀྜࢃࡎࡰᕥ༙㌟ࡀ 㯞⑷≧ែ࡞ࡾࠊ⌧ᅾࡶయࡑࡢ㞀ᐖࡀṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᡯࡢ㉳ࡁࡓᆅ㟈ࡢ୍㑊㞴ඛ ࡛ M ▱ࡾྜ࠸ࠊ௨㝆ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㏻࠸⥆ࡅࠊ࣑ࢩࣥࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ⦭ࡣᅔ㞴࡞ࡶࡢࡢᩱ⌮ࡸࣅ ࣮ࢬไసࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ᡭࢆᏛࢇࡔࠋࡘ࡚ఫࢇ࡛࠸ࡓ࢝ࢫࣂࡢ⮬Ꮿࡣ ᖺᆅ㟈࡛ಽቯ ࡋࠊᐙ᪘ࡶ࢝ࢫࣂࡽ⣙ NP 㞳ࢀࡓ࢘ࣝࢻ࣭ࣇ࢚ࢵࢺᆅ༊ᘬࡗ㉺ࡋࡓᚋࡶࢭ ࣥࢱ࣮㏻࠸⥆ࡅࠊM ࡸேࡢ㏆ἣሗ࿌ࡢࡓࡵᗘࠎ㢦ࢆฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ∗ぶࢆࡣࡌࡵᐙ ᪘ࡣࠊS ࡀ⮬ຊ࡛ࡢṌ⾜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡶ㛵ࢃࡽࡎࠊ┠ぢ࠼ࡿయࡢ㞀ᐖࢆேࡍࡇ ᢠࢆឤࡌእฟࢆ⚗ࡌ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊ⌧ᅾࡣ∗ぶࡀ S ࡢពᚿࢆᑛ㔜ࡋࠊࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢእฟ ࢆᢎㅙࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓ࠸࠺ࠋ ᪥ࠊࢭࣥࢱ࣮࡚⫋ᴗカ⦎ࢆཷࡅࡿዪᛶࡢᩘࡣᴟ➃ᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾࠊ㐠Ⴀഃࡣ௨๓ẚ άẼࡀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡇࢆჃ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ⌧ᅾࡣ N ࡀ୰ᚰ࡞ࡾࠊS ࡢࡼ࠺ᮍᑵᏛ࠶ࡿ ࠸ࡣ⩏ົᩍ⫱ࢆ୰㏥ࡋࡓ࿘㎶ᆅᇦᅾఫࡢዪᛶࢆཷࡅධࢀࠊᐃᮇᤵᴗࡢ㛤ㅮࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ ࡿࠋࡑࡢࠊᡂᚋࡢၟရࡣࡲࡵ࡚࢝ࣜࢱࢫ⣡ရࡋࠊࢭࣥࢱ࣮⮬㌟࡛㈍ࢆㄳࡅ㈇ ࠺ࡇࡣ࡞ࡗࡓࡀࠊ ᖺࡽࡣࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢ୍ᐊࢆ㈍ࢫ࣮࣌ࢫࡋ࡚⏝ࡋࠊၟရࡢ ୍㒊ࢆ┤᥋ᐉఏࠊ㈍ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠋྠᖺࡣᐉఏ┠ⓗ࡛ྡ่ࡢ㓄ᕸࡶጞࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ ᑗ᮶ⓗࡣ࢙࢘ࣈୖ࡛ࡢᐉఏࡸሗⓎಙࡶ᳨ウࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊάືࡢᣑྥࡅ࡚ពḧⓗ࡞ጼ ໃࢆぢࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㸬ࡑࡢࡢዪᛶ⫋ᴗᨭࡿᅋయ 㸬࢚࣭࣐࣭ࣝ࢘ࣥࢼࢪࣁ ࣝࢪ࢙ࡢ୰ᚰ㒊࡚ዪᛶࡢ⫋ᴗカ⦎ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࢚࣭࣐࣭ࣝ࢘ࣥࢼࢪࣁࡣࠊ ᖺ ࡽ♫⚟♴ᅋయ࢚࣭࣐ࣝ࢘ࣥࡢ୍㒊ࡋ࡚Ⓨ㊊ࡋࠊάືࢆ⥆ࡅ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ ᖺࡢἲᚊᨵṇ క࠸ࠊ⊂❧ࡋࡓዪᛶᨭᅋయࡋ࡚᪂ࡓࢯࢩࢩ࢜ࣥⓏ㘓ࡋࡓࡀࠊఫᡤࡶάືෆᐜ ࡶኚ᭦ࡏࡎࠊࡇࢀࡲ୍࡛ᗘࡶእ㒊⤌⧊ࡽࡢ㈨㔠ຓࢆཷࡅࡎ㐠Ⴀࢆ⥆ࡅ࡚ࡁࡓᅋయ࡛ ࠶ࡿࠋົᒁࠊㅮᖌࠊ㆙ഛဨࢆྵࡵィ ேࡢ᭷⤥ࢫࢱࢵࣇࡀാ࠸࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ ㅮᖌࡣ ே࡛ࠊ㆙ഛဨ௨እࡣ࡚ዪᛶࡀᴗ ົ࠶ࡓࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋㅮᖌࡣཷࡅᣢࡘ⏕ᚐᩘ ࡼࡿࡀࠊ᭶ࡣ '$ ࡽ '$ ࡛ࠊ ົᒁࡢࢫࢱࢵࣇࡣ '$ ๓ᚋࡢ⤥ ࢆᚓࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋㅮᗙࡣ᭷ᩱࡔࡀࠊ ᭶ ࡢཷㅮᩱࡣᖹᆒ '$ ࡢᅋయẚ Ᏻ࡛ㅮᗙෆᐜࡶ㇏ᐩ࡞ࡓࡵࠊ㐲᪉ࡽࡶཷ ㅮᕼᮃ⪅ࡀ᮶ゼࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊṇ☜࡞ேᩘࡣᢕᥱ࠙┿ ࠚධཱྀእほ ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡗࡓࡀᘓ≀ෆ㒊ࡣᖖཷㅮ⏕࡛⁄ࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ㛤ㅮࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿㅮᗙࡣࠊ⦭〇ࠊ่⧆ࠊ 68 ࣃࢵࢳ࣮࣡ࢡࠊࣝࢪ࢙ࣜᩱ⌮ࠊὒ㣗ࠊ㭜ᩱ⌮ࠊࣃࢫࢱᩱ⌮ࠊ〇Ⳬࠊࢼࢵࢶ⏝ࡢ〇Ⳬࠊ ࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒෆᐜࡢᖜࡀᗈࡃࠊᮦᩱ➼ࡣ࡚ᅋయഃࡀ⏝ពࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋㅮᗙࡼࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ୰ ᅜㄒࡢᩍᮏࢆࡶࠊ┿ࡢࡳࢆཧ⪃ࡋ࡚ᤵᴗࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿㅮᖌࡶぢࡽࢀࡓࠋάືࡢ⥲ ᣓ㈐௵⪅࡛࠶ࡿ D ࡼࢀࡤࠊ ᖺάືࢆ㛤ጞࡋ࡚௨㝆ࠊ ᖺ ᭶ࣈ࣮࣓ࣝࢹࢫ ┴ࢆ㟈※ᆅࡍࡿ 0 ࡢᆅ㟈ࡀ㉳ࡁࠊᩘ᪥㛫άືࢆṆࡋࡓᮇ㛫ࢆ㝖ࡅࡤࠊ ᖺ௦ࡶά ືࢆ⥆ࡅ࡚ࡁࡓࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㸬ࣞࢨ࣮ࣝ ዪᛶࡢఏ⤫ᕤⱁ⫋ேࢆᨭࡍࡿࡓࡵタ❧ࡉࢀࡓࠕࣞࢨ࣮ࣝࠖࡣࠊᅜྛᆅ࡛ᡭᕤⱁࡢ ෆ⫋ᚑࡋ࡚࠸ࡿዪᛶྠኈࡢࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࢆᵓ⠏ࡋࠊ㢳ᐈࡢከ࠸㤳㒔ࣝࢪ࢙࿘㎶࡛ၟ ရࡢ㈍ᶵࢆฟࡍࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗタ❧ࡉࢀࡓࠋⓎ㉳ே࡛タ❧ᙜࡽ㐠Ⴀࡢ୰ᚰࢆᢸ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ W ࡣࠊࡑࡶࡑࡶዪᛶࡢᆅྥୖࢆ┠ᣦࡋ ᖺタ❧ࡋࡓࢯࢩࢩ࢜ࣥࠕⓎ ゝࡍࡿዪᛶ㐩ࠖࡢάື㛵ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊ ᖺྠᅋయࡢ⥲ဨࡋ࡚ࡼࡾάື㛵 ࢃࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࡇ࡛ෆ⫋ᚑࡍࡿዪᛶ㐩▱ࡾྜ࠸ࠊᡭᕤⱁศ㔝ࡣ≉⫋ேࡢ⤌⧊ ࡀ㐜ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿឤࡌࡓࡇ࡛ࠊྠศ㔝ᚑࡍࡿዪᛶ≉ࡋࡓᨭࢆ⾜࠸ࡓ࠸⪃࠼ ࡓࡢࡀタ❧ࡢࡁࡗࡅ࡛࠶ࡿࠋW ࡣࠊࣞࢨ࣮ࣝࡣ⫋ேࡢࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ࡛࠶ࡾṇᘧࢯࢩ ࢩ࢜ࣥࡋ࡚Ⓩ㘓ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡀࠊ ᖺ❧ࡕୖࡆ࡚௨㝆ࠊW ࢆ୰ᚰࡋ࡚↓⤥ ࢫࢱࢵࣇ ேࡀࣝࢪ࢙࠶ࡿ㈍ᡤࡢ⟶⌮ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ❧ࡕୖࡆ࡚ࡍࡄࡢ ᖺ ᭶㏆ࡃࡢ୰ኸ㒑౽ᒁ㏆࡛⇿ᙎࢸࣟࡀ㉳ࡁࡓ㝿ࡣ୍୰᩿ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡢࠊ᪥ࡲ࡛௦ไ ࡛㈍ᡤࡢ㐠Ⴀࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࣞࢨ࣮ࣝࡣࠊ↓ㄆྍ㸦ࣥࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣝ㸧ࡢᡭᕤⱁ⫋ேࢆᨭ ࡍࡿࡓࡵタ❧ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢࡢࠊ↓ㄆྍࡢࡲࡲ࡛ࡣಖ㝤ࡢ㐺ᛂእ࡞ࡾࣜࢫࢡࡶ⏕ࡌࡿୖࠊ ㈐௵ࡸಙ⏝⧅ࡀࡿ࠸࠺ほⅬࡽࠊࣥࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣝࡢ⫋ே࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ≉ᐃࡢᮇ㛫ෆ⫋ ேド᫂᭩ࢆྲྀᚓࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊࡑࡢᮇ㛫ࢆ㐣ࡂࡓᚋၟရࡢ㈍ࢆ⥆ࡅࡿࡇࡣฟ᮶࡞࠸ ࠸࠺つᐃࢆタࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋド᫂᭩ࢆᚓࡿࡣᖺ㛫 '$ ࡢᨭᡶ࠸ࡀ⩏ົ࡙ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓ ࡵࠊࡑࢀศ࡞ධࢆᚓࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺ᨭࡍࡿࡇࡶάື᪉㔪ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⌧ᅾࠊࣞࢨ ࣮ࣝࡣࣝࢪ࢙୰ᚰ⾤࠶ࡿࢩࣙࢵࣆࣥࢢ࣭࣮ࣔࣝࡢ୍ゅࢆࡾ࡚ၟရࡢ㈍ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ ࡿࡀࠊࢸࢪ࢘ࢬ┴ࡢ⫋ே ேࠊࢩ࢙ࣝࢩ࢙ࣝ┴ ேࠊࢻ࣮ࣛࣝ┴ ேࡀᐃᮇⓗ⣡ ရࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢࠊࢱ࣐ࣥࣛࢭࢵࢺࡢᡭᕤⱁရࡶ୍ⓗ㈍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠊእⓗ ࢪࢪ࢙ࣝ┴ࡢ⏨ᛶ⫋ேࡼࡿࣂࣈ࣮ࢩࣗࡶᒎ♧㈍ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋW ⮬㌟ࡶᮌᕤ㣭ࡢ⫋ ேド᫂ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ⮬㌟ࡢၟရࡢᒎ♧㈍ࡶ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㸬ࣃ࡛ࣜࡢㄪᰝ 㸬♫⛉Ꮫ㧗➼◊✲㝔ཬࡧࣃࣜ➨ Ꮫ ➹⪅ࡣࠊ♫⛉Ꮫ㧗➼◊✲㝔ࡢᆅ୰ᾏྐ◊✲ᡤ࡚ࠊ࣐ࢢࣞࣈྐࢆᑓ㛛ࡍࡿࣦ࢙࣒ࣝ ࣛࣥ㸦ࣃࣜ➨ Ꮫᩍᤵ㸧ࡼࡿࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮ࠕ࣐ࢢࣞࣈ㛵ࡍࡿ▱ࡢᙧᡂࠖฟᖍࡋࠊࣝ ࢪ࢙ࣜཬࡧࣇࣛࣥࢫ࠾ࡅࡿࣝࢪ࢙ࣜྐ◊✲ࡢືྥࡘࡁᴫほࡍࡿᶵࢆᚓࡓࠋࣦ ࢙࣒ࣝࣛࣥࡣࣔࣟࢵࢥࡢ㏆⌧௦ྐࢆ୰ᚰ࣐ࢢࣞࣈྐ㛵ࡍࡿⴭసࢆ」ᩘฟ∧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ ྠẶࡣࠊࣝࢪ࢙ࣜࠊࢳࣗࢽࢪࠊࣔࣟࢵࢥᅜෆ࠾ࡅࡿ⮬ᅜࡢṔྐ◊✲ࡣ⊂❧௨㝆 69 ࢇⓎᒎࡏࡎࠊࡾࢃࡅ ᖺ௦ࡽ⌧ᅾࡅ࡚ࡣΰἁ≧ែ㸦࢝࢜ࢫ㸧࡛࠶ࡿ㏙ ࡓࠋࡑࡢ⌮⏤ࡋ࡚ࠊ࣮࢝ࣈࡢࢡࢭࢫࡀ◊✲⪅㛤ࢀ࡚࠾ࡽࡎᡭ⥆ࡁࡀ↹㞧࡛ ࠶ࡿࡇࠊࡲࡓࣝࢪ࢙࡛ࣜࡣࡾࢃࡅ ᖺ௦ࡢ୍㐃ࡢฟ᮶ࢆᅜෆࡢṔྐࡋ࡚ᩍ ࠼ࡿ⮬⏤ࡀ࡞ࡃࠊᅜෆࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵ࡶṔྐ◊✲⪅ࡀ⫱ࡘ⎔ቃ࡞࠸ࡇࢆᣲࡆࡓࠋࡑࡢ ୍᪉࡛ࠊ㌷ࡀᡤᣢࡍࡿྛᆅᇦࡢ⾜ᨻ⟶⌮㈨ᩱࡸࠊࢳࣗࢽࢫࡸࣝࢪ࢙࡛࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢡᩍࡀ 㛗ᖺ✚ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓෆ㒊㈨ᩱࠊᅜෆእࡢᏛ㛫༠ാ◊✲ࠊ᳜Ẹᆅ௦ࡢ㈨ᩱࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚Ṕྐ◊ ✲ࡣⓎᒎࡋ࡚ࡁࡓഃ㠃ࡀ࠶ࡿࡋࠊࣝࢪ࢙ࣜ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࡑࡢࡶ᳜Ẹᆅ௦ࡽ ࣐࣮࢘ࣛᩍࡼࡗ࡚Ṕྐࡀグ㏙ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࠊࡲࡓ࣑࣮࣭ࣝࣈࢹ࣮ࣝ࢝ࢹࣝ࠸ ࡗࡓⱥ㞝ࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍࡇ࡛ࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡢࢹ࢜ࣟࢠ࣮ࢆᙧᡂࡋࠕࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡢṔྐࠖࡀ సࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ⫼ᬒࡀ࠶ࡿ㏙ࡓࠋࣦ࢙࣒ࣝࣛࣥࡣࠊࣝࢪ࢙ࣜࡢ⊂❧௨㝆ࠊྠᅜࡢṔ ྐ◊✲ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࡢࡣࢇࡀࣇࣛࣥࢫே㸦ࣝࢪ࢙ࣜ⣔ࣇࣛࣥࢫேࡶྵࡴ㸧࡛࠶ ࡿࡋࠊ⊂❧ᚋࡢ 㹼 ᖺ௦ࡶࣇࣛࣥࢫࣝࢪ࢙ࣜࡢ㛫࡛ࣝࢪ࢙ࣜྐ◊✲ᑐ ࡍࡿ༠ຊࡢヨࡳࡣぢࡽࢀࡓࡶࡢࡢࠊࣝࢪ࢙ࣜᅜෆ࡛Ṕྐ◊✲⪅ࡀቑ࠼ጞࡵࡓࡢࡣ ᖺ௦ධࡗ࡚ࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡽࡶ ᖺ௦ࡢෆᡓ୰ࢇࡀᅜእ㏨ஸࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ ࡓᣦࡍࡿࠋࡉࡽࠊ ᖺࣝࢪ࢙ࣜࡢࣂ࢝ࣟࣞࡀࣛࣅㄒࡉࢀࡿ ࡞ࠊ୍㐃ࡢࣛࣈ࣭ࢫ࣮࣒ࣛᨻ⟇ࡣⱝᖺᒙࡢࢹ࢜ࣟࢠ࣮ᙧᡂࡶከ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཬ ࡰࡋࠊෆᡓ௦✺ධࡋࡓ㏙ࡓࠋ ࣇࣜࢵࣉ࣭ࢹ࣮ࣝ㸦ࣃࣜ➨ Ꮫᩍᤵ㸧ࡣࠊ⤒῭Ꮫࢆᑓ㛛ࡋࠊࡾࢃࡅࣝࢪ࢙ ࣜࡢࣥࣇ࢛࣮࣐࣭࢚ࣝࢥࣀ࣑࣮◊✲ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡛▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᖺࡣ㤳 㒔ࣝࢪ࢙㞄᥋ࡍࡿ࣋ࢪࣕ┴ࡢ ୡᖏᑐࡋ⾜ࡗࡓࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝࡢᅇ⟅ࢆࡶ ࠊࣝࢪ࢙ࣜࡢࣥࣇ࢛࣮࣐࣭࢚ࣝࢥࣀ࣑࣮ᚑ⪅ࡣົ⤒㦂ࡀᑡ࡞࠸ⱝ⪅ࡸ୰➼ᩍ ⫱௨ୗࡢᑵᏛ⪅ከࡃࠊປാ⪅ࡢ༙ᩘ௨ୖࡣࢧ࣮ࣅࢫᴗᚑࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ᭶ࡣ᭱ప㈤㔠 ௨ୗ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺Ⅼࡀ≉ᚩ࡛࠶ࡿⓎ⾲ࡋࡓࠋࢹ࣮ࣝࡼࢀࡤࠊࣝࢪ࢙ࣜࡢࣥࣇ ࢛࣮࣐࣭࢚ࣝࢥࣀ࣑࣮㛵ࡍࡿ┤᥋ⓗ࡞ㄪᰝࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡢࠊၟᴗ ┠ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿෆ⫋ࡸᐙᗞෆ⿵ຓ➼ᑠつᶍ࡞⏕⏘άືᑐࡍࡿ◊✲ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㜌⤒ ῭ࡸࣔࣀ࢝ࢿࡢṇ࡞⛣ື࠸ࡗࡓ㠀ྜἲ࡞⤒῭άື㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡋ࡚ᢅ ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ⫼ᬒࡀ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࠋࣝࢪ࢙ࣜ⤒῭ࡣࠊ ᖺࡽ ᖺࡅ࡚ᅜ㝿▼ Ἔᕷሙ౯᱁ࡀୗⴠࡋࠊ ᖺࡽ ᖺࡣᨻࡢᏳᐃࡀ㏣࠸ᡴࡕࢆࡅ῝้࡞ἣ 㝗ࡗࡓࠋኻᴗ⋡ࡣ ᖺࡢ 㸣ࡽ ᖺࡣ 㸣ቑࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࢹ࣮ࣝࡣ ᵓ㐀ㄪᩚᨻ⟇ࡼࡗ࡚ ᖺࡽ ᖺࡢ㛫 ே௨ୖࡀゎ㞠ࡉࢀࠊࡲࡓேཱྀቑຍక ࠸ዪᛶࡀࡼࡾປാᕷሙὶධࡋࡓࡇࡶࡑࡢせᅉ࡛࠶ࡿᣦࡍࡿࠋࣥࣇ࢛࣮࣐࣭࢚ࣝ ࢥࣀ࣑࣮ᚑࡍࡿປാ⪅ࡢᣑࡶࠊᵓ㐀ㄪᩚᨻ⟇ࡢ୍⎔ࡋ࡚ᕷሙࡢ㛤ᨺࡀ㐍ࡳࠊẸ㛫 ᴗࡸಶேᴗࡢቑຍక࠸Ⓨ⏕ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿㄝ᫂ࡋࡓࠋ 㸬ࣃࣜᅾఫࣝࢪ࢙ࣜேࡢ⪺ࡁྲྀࡾ ᖺࠊR㸦 ᖺ⏕ࡲࢀࠊ ᡯ㸧ࡣ⤖፧ࢆᶵࣝࢪ࢙ࡽࣃࣜ⛣ఫࡋࠊ ᖺ ኟࣃ࡛ࣜฟ⏘ࡋࡓࠋኵࡣ ᖺࣝࢪ࢙ࡽ༢㌟ࣃࣜΏࡗ࡚௨᮶ࠊඛධᅜࡋ࡚࠸ 70 ࡓே⤂ࡋ࡚ࡶࡽࡗࡓ㣧㣗ᗑ࡛ാ࠸࡚࠸ࡓࡶࡢࡢࠊ ᖺ ᭶ࢆ㎡ࡵ⌧ᅾࡣኻ ᴗ≧ែ࠶ࡾࠊኻᴗಖ㝤ࡼࡿධ࡛⏕ィࢆ❧࡚࡚࠸ࡿࠋR ࡢኵࡣࠊ ᖺほගࣅࢨ࡛ ࣇࣛࣥࢫධᅜࡋ࡚௨᮶ࠊࣅࢨࡢ᭷ຠᮇ㝈ࡀษࢀࡓᚋࡶἲ⛣Ẹࡋ࡚ࣃࣜ ᖺ㛫␃ࡲ ࡾࠊࡑࡢᚋࣇࣛࣥࢫேዪᛶ⤖፧ࡋṇᘧ࡞ᅾチྍドࢆධᡭࡋࡓࡶࡢࡢࠊ౯್ほࡢ㐪࠸ ࡽ㞳፧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢᚋࡶ༢㌟ࣃࣜ␃ࡲࡾࣝࢪ࢙ࣜᐃᮇᖐ┬ࡍࡿ⏕άࢆ⥆ࡅ ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊR ᖐ┬୰▱ࡾྜ࠸ࠊᩘᖺࡢࡁྜ࠸ࢆ⤒࡚⤖፧ࡋࡓࠋR ࡣࠊ⤖፧ࡋ࡚ ᖺ ࡶ⤒ࡓ࡞࠸࠺ࡕࢆ㎡ࡵࠊᑵ⫋ඛࡶ᥈ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ኵᏳࢆឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊฟ⏘ࡋ ࡓࡤࡾࡢయ࡛ࡣ⮬ศࡶാࡃࡇࡀฟ᮶࡞࠸Ⴣ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊኻᴗ୰࡛࠶ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽኵ ࡣ᪥୰ࡢࢇࢆ⮬Ꮿእ࡛㐣ࡈࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ୍᪉࡛ࠊR ࡣኵࡢྠక࡞ࡋእฟࡋ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡅ࡞ ࠸ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿୖࠊኵྠకࡼࡿእฟ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ R ࡀ⢝ࡍࡿࡇࢆዲࡲ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࠋ ኻᴗಖ㝤࡛ධࡗ࡚ࡃࡿ᭶ࠎࡢධࡣᢕᥱࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊ࣮࢝ࢻࡶ⌧㔠ࡶኵࡀ࡚⟶⌮ࡋ ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊR ࡀ⮬⏤࠼ࡿ࠾㔠ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋR ࡣࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫᒃఫࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࡶୡᖏෆࡢ⏨ ዪ㛵ಀࡣࣝࢪ࢙ࣜኚࢃࡽࡎࠊࡴࡋࢁ⊂㌟࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㡭ࡢ᪉ࡀ⮬⏤࡛ࠊ⤖፧ࢆᶵ⏕ά ࡢ࡚ࡀኚࢃࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋR ࡢẕぶࡣ➨ኵேࡋ࡚⤖፧ࡋࠊ ே┠ࡢᏊ ࡶࢆ⏘ࢇ࡛ࡍࡄ㞳፧ࡋࡓࡓࡵ R ࡣẕᏊᐙᗞࡢ⎔ቃ࡛⫱ࡕࠊ㧗ᰯ༞ᴗᚋࡣ▱ேࡢ⤂ ࡛ಶேᏯࡢᐙᨻ፬ࡋ࡚ാࡃࡇ࡛ධࢆᚓ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ⌧ᅾࡣᏊ⫱࡚ࡽᐙࡲ࡛ࠊ㈙࠸ฟ ࡋࢆ㝖ࡁ࡚ࢆ R ࡀㄳࡅ㈇ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊᏊࡶࡀᡂ㛗ࡋవ⿱ࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࡓࡽᐙᨻ፬ࡸ࣋ࣅ࣮ ࢩࢵࢱ࣮ࡢࢆぢࡘࡅࠊ⮬ศࡢධࢆᚓࡿࡇࢆᮃࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋ ⪃ᐹ࣭⤖ㄽ ࣥࣇ࢛࣮࣐࣭࢚ࣝࢥࣀ࣑࣮ᚑࡍࡿዪᛶࡢከࡃࡣಶே࣮ࣝࢺࡸཱྀࢥ࣑࡛㢳ᐈࢆ ⋓ᚓࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡓࡵࠊᏳໃࡢᝏඹእ㒊ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡀ⤯ࡓࢀࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡣࠊ㈍ ࣮ࣝࢺࡸ㢳ᐈࢆኻ࠺ࡇ࡞ࡾࡡ࡞࠸ࠋࡢᏑ⥆ࡿࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ༴ᶵⓗ≧ἣ ࢆ㏄࠼ࡓࡇ࡛ዪᛶࡢ⤌⧊ྥࡅࡓྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡀ㉳ࡁࠊ࢝ࢫࣂࡸࣞࢨ࣮ࣝࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠊ ࢆ㏻ࡋࡓዪᛶࡢᆅྥୖࢆ┠ᣦࡍάືࡀᨭ࠼ࡽࢀ⥅⥆ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ⫼ᬒࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓෆ⫋ࡢ సᴗ⮬యࡣᐙ୪⾜ࡋ࡚⮬Ꮿ࡛⾜࠺ሙྜࡀከ࠸ࡶࡢࡢࠊࡑࡇࢯࢩࢩ࢜ࣥ࠸ࡗࡓ ⤌⧊ࡀ㛵ࢃࡿࡇ࡛ࠊධࡢࡳ࡛࡞ࡃእฟࡍࡿᶵࢆዪᛶ࠼ࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࡢࡶࡁ࡞ ኚ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࢝ࢫࣂࡸ࢚࣭࣐࣭ࣝ࢘ࣥࢼࢪࣁ㏻࠺ዪᛶ㐩ࡣࠕࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸭ࢯࢩࢩ࢜ࣥ ㏻࠺ࠖ࠸࠺ྡ┠࡛⮬㌟ࡢእฟࢆṇᙜࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤ⮬Ꮿ࡛㐌ࡢ༙ࢆ㐣ࡈࡉ ࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ࠋ㒔ᕷ㒊ࡣ㎰ᮧ␗࡞ࡾ࿘㎶ఫẸࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡀඖࠎⷧࡃࠊࡸ≉ู࡞⏝ ࡀ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶ୍᪥ࡢ༙ࢆ⮬Ꮿእ࡛㐣ࡈࡍ⏨ᛶẚࠊᐊෆ࡛ᐙ⫱ඣᑓᛕࡍࡿࡢࡳ࡛ ࡣዪᛶࡣᏙ⊂㛢ሰឤࢆឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࠋྠᵝࡢࡇࡣࣃࣜ⛣ఫᚋࡢ⤖፧⏕ά‶ࢆឤࡌ ࡚࠸ࡿ R ࡶ㉳ࡁ࡚࠾ࡾࠊぶᡉࡸேࡀ㏆ࡃ࠸࡞࠸␗ᅜࡢᆅ࡛ࡣᑦ᭦῝้࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⪅ ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡢḞⴠࡣࠊෆᡓ୰ࠊぢ࠼࡞࠸ᜍᛧࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡛᭦῝้ࡋࡓࡀࠊࢯࢩ ࢩ࢜ࣥࡸఫẸ⤌⧊ࡢᙺࡣࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓ㛵ಀᛶࢆ᪂ࡓ⠏ࡁಟࡍࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡇ ᙜ⪅࡛࠶ࡿዪᛶ⮬㌟ࡀ࠸㛵ࡋ࠺ࡿࡣࠊ◊✲ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ᚋࡶ᳨ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ 71 ࡁㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿឤࡌࡓࠋ ᚋࡢ◊✲ྥࡅࡓᒎᮃ ḟㄪᰝ࡛ࡣࠊෆ⫋ᚑࡋ࡚࠸ࡿዪᛶࡢୡᖏෆ࠾ࡅࡿࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮㛵ಀࡘࡁศ ㄪᰝࡍࡿࡇࡀฟ᮶࡞ࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊᚋࡣࡉࡽෆ⫋ᚑࡍࡿዪᛶࡢୡᖏෆ࠾ࡅࡿ ධྜࡸᾘ㈝ືྥࠊධ⟶⌮ᙧែࡘࡁ⏨ዪࡢ㛵ಀᛶ╔┠ࡋࡘࡘㄪᰝศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡁ ࡓ࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࣥࣇ࢛࣮࣐࣭࢚ࣝࢥࣀ࣑࣮ᚑࡍࡿዪᛶ࠸࠼ࡤࠕ⏨ࡣእࠊዪ ࡣෆࠖ࠸࠺ఏ⤫ⓗ࡞ᛶⓗศᴗࢆⰍ⃰ࡃᫎࡋࡓᡭᕤⱁࡸ⨾ᐜ㛵ಀࠊㄪ⌮㛵ಀ࠸ࡗࡓศ 㔝ࡀࢇ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊᏳࡢᅇࡶࡼࡾከᵝ࡛᪂ࡋ࠸ാࡁ᪉ࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺ ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚ᚋࡣࠊ⮬Ꮿእࢆ⫋ሙࡍࡿዪᛶࡢࣥࣇ࢛࣮࣐࣭࢚ࣝࢥࣀ࣑࣮ᚑ ⪅ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶㄪᰝᑐ㇟ࢆᗈࡆ࡚࠸ࡃ᪉㔪࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 72
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