ᮏ᪥䛾ᴫせ䠄10/14䠅 㡢ᴦ䛾グྕⓗഃ㠃 • ๓ᅇ䛾⥆䛝䠄䝁䞁䝢䝳䞊䝍䛸㡢ᴦ䛾Ṕྐ➼䠅 • 㡢㡪ಙྕ 㐃⥆ⓗ䛷䛒䜚䚸グྕ䞉ᵓ㐀䛥䜜䛶䛔䛺䛔䚹 • 㡢ᴦ䝕䞊䝍䛾ศ㢮 • 㡢㡪䝕䞊䝍 • グྕ䠄ᴦ㆕䠅䝕䞊䝍 • 䛭䛾䠄ᵓ㐀グ㏙➼䠅 • 㡢ᴦⓗ䛻ព䛾䛒䜛༢ 㛫䞉㡢㧗䛻䛴䛔䛶㞳ᩓ䛥䜜䛯䜹䝔䝂䝸䛻ศ䛥䜜䜛䚹 э 㡢➢䚸ᴦ㆕ • 㧗ḟ䛾ᵓ㐀 • 䝕䞊䝍䛾䝣䜯䜲䝹ᙧᘧ䠖 ௨ୗ䛾䠎䛴䜢ྲྀ䜚ୖ䛢䜛 • WAV 䠄㡢㡪䝕䞊䝍䠅 • MIDI/SMF 䠄ᴦ㆕䝕䞊䝍䠅 䛭䜜䜙䛾༢䜢⤌䜏ྜ䜟䛫䛶㛵ಀ䛡䛯ᵓ㐀䚸 ᢳ㇟ⓗ䞉ᴫᛕⓗ䛺ᵓ㐀 э ᴦ᭤䛾ゎ㔘䚸㡢ᴦᵓ㐀䛾⾲⌧ 1 㡢ᴦ䝕䞊䝍䛾グ㏙ᙧᘧ䞉ゝㄒ 䠆㡢ᴦ䝕䞊䝍䛾ᙧែ • 㡢㡪ಙྕ 2 ಙྕ䞉ᩘ್ Ļ 㽢103~104 • MIDI ➢ྕ グྕ Ļ 㽢10-1~101 • 㡢ᴦグ㏙ゝㄒ • ᵓ㐀䞉▱㆑⾲⌧ ᵓ㐀 㡢㡪䝕䞊䝍䠄WAV ➼䠅 㡢ᴦ䝕䞊䝍⾲⌧䛸䛧䛶䛾 MIDI/SMF Music XML MML 䛸䛭䛾ᣑᙇ 䝔䜻䝇䝖䝧䞊䝇䠖 MUSIC-X, Csound, CMix, Nyquist, DARMS, Humdrum/Kern, ...... • GUI 䝧䞊䝇䠖 KYMA, MAX, Pd, …... • ⤫ྜⓗ䛺㡢ᴦグ㏙⎔ቃ䞉䝅䝇䝔䝮 • ▱㆑⾲⌧ᆺゝㄒ • Music Structure • DOOD 䝧䞊䝇 • • • • • 3 䝕䞊䝍ᙧᘧ䚸MIDI 㡢※䛾ẚ㍑ 4 㡢㡪䝕䞊䝍䛸グྕ䠄ᴦ㆕䠅䝕䞊䝍 • ྠ䛨᭤䛻䛴䛔䛶 䠄⣙䠎ศ㛫䠅 • 䠖 䝞䝑䝝䠖䝤䝷䞁䝕䞁䝤䝹䜾༠ዌ᭤➨䠑␒➨䠍 ᴦ❶䠄᭱ึ䛾䠎ศ䛠䜙䛔䠅 • MML 䝕䞊䝍 7.7 KB • SMF 䝣䜯䜲䝹 19.2 KB • WAV 䝣䜯䜲䝹䠄44.1 kHz mono䠅 9.46 MB • 䠄⏕₇ዌ䠅 䜘 • MIDI 㡢※䠄䝋䝣䝖䝅䞁䝉䚸እ㒊㡢※➼䚻䠅䛻䜘䛳 䛶㡢㉁䛥䜙䛻䛿᭤䛾⾲䜒䛛䛺䜚␗䛺䜛䚹 • MIDI 㡢※䜢䝏䝳䞊䝙䞁䜾䛧䛯䠄ຍ⸨䠅 • 㡢㡪䝕䞊䝍 ⣙ 10,000 KB 䠄10 MB䠅 Ĺ 䠄䠑䠌䠌ಸ䠅 Ļ 5 6 • MIDI 䝕䞊䝍 ⣙ 20 KB 䝕䜱䝆䝍䝹 㡢㡪䝕䞊䝍䠄䠍䠅 • 㛫㍈᪉ྥ䛾䝕䜱䝆䝍䝹䠄ᶆᮏ䠅 • 䝃䞁䝥䝸䞁䜾䝺䞊䝖䠖 • ᇶᮏⓗ䛻䛿䚸A/D ኚ䛥䜜䛯䝕䜱䝆䝍䝹㡢㡪䝕䞊 䝍䠄ᩘ್䛾⣔ิ䠅䜢グ㘓䛧䛯䜒䛾䚹 • 䛧䛯䛜䛳䛶䝕䞊䝍㔞䛿㘓㡢㛫䠄ཬ䜃䝏䝱䞁䝛䝹 ᩘ䚸ศゎ⬟䠅䛻ᛂ䛨䛶Ỵ䜎䜚䚸₇ዌ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛ᴦ᭤ 䛾✀㢮䛻䛿ᣐ䜙䛺䛔䠄ᴦ㆕䝕䞊䝍䛸䛾㐪䛔䠅 • 䝕䜱䝆䝍䝹䛾䝟䝷䝯䝍 • ᶆᮏ䠄䝃䞁䝥䝸䞁䜾䝺䞊䝖䠅 㔞Ꮚ䠄ศゎ⬟䞉῝ᗘ䠅 • 䠍䝃䞁䝥䝹䛒䛯䜚䛾㔞Ꮚ䝕䞊䝍䠄ᩘ್䠅䜢୪䜉䜛䚹 44.1 kHz (CD), 22050, 11025, 48000, 8000Hz䠄㟁ヰ䠅... • cf.ே㛫䛾ྍ⫈ᇦ䠖 ⣙ 20~20000 Hz • Shannon 䛾ᶆᮏᐃ⌮ 䝃䞁䝥䝸䞁䜾䝺䞊䝖䛾 ½ 䜎䛷䛾࿘Ἴᩘᡂศ䛿 ᛅᐇ䛻ᶆᮏྍ⬟ • ᖜ᪉ྥ䛾䝕䜱䝆䝍䝹䠄㔞Ꮚ䠅 8 bit (48 dB), 16 bit (96 dB: CD/DA), ... 7 8 ⫈ぬ䠄Wikipedia 䜘䜚䠅䠖 ෆ⪥ ྍ⫈ᇦ 䠄20䡚20,000 Hz䠅 9 10 ཧ⪃䠖ྍ⫈ᇦ 䝕䜱䝆䝍䝹 • 㛫㍈᪉ྥ䛾䝕䜱䝆䝍䝹䠄ᶆᮏ䠅 • ᖜ᪉ྥ䛾䝕䜱䝆䝍䝹䠄㔞Ꮚ䠅 㼥 • ᮏᙜ䛾ྍ⫈ᇦ䛿䠛 • ྍ⫈ᇦ䛿ே䛻䜘䛳䛶䛛䛺䜚ಶேᕪ䛜䛒䜛䚹 • 20䡚20,000 Hz 䛸䛔䛖䛾䛿䚸⣧㡢䠄䠙ṇᘻἼ䠅༢⊂ 䛷䛾 ᐃ䛻ᇶ䛵䛟䚹 • 」ྜ㡢䛷䛿䚸༢⊂䛷䛿ㄆ㆑䛥䜜䛺䛔㧗࿘Ἴᡂศ 䜒䠄㡢Ⰽ䠅䛺䛹䛾ᙧ䛷ㄆ㆑䛥䜜䜛䛸ゝ䜟䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹 • 䛂䝰䝇䜻䞊䝖䛃 • ⱝᖺ䠄䡚䠎䠑ᡯ䛠䜙䛔䠅䛿㧗㡢䛜䜘䛟⪺䛣䛘䜛䛜䚸ᖺ 䛸ඹ䛻㧗䛔䜋䛖䛜⪺䛣䛘䛺䛟䛺䜛䚹 • 䛂䝰䝇䜻䞊䝖䛃䠖ⱝ⪅䜢㏣䛔䛰䛩⨨䠛 • ĺྩ䛻䛿⪺䛣䛘䜛䛛䠛 㼥 㼥㻓 㻙㻞㻚㻜㻜 㼤 11 12 ཧ⪃䠖 CD 䛾䝕䞊䝍 䝕䜱䝆䝍䝹䛾 Sampling rate ṇᘻἼ䠄440Hz䠅 䝢䜰䝜㡢䠄୰ኸ䝝䠅 261.1 Hz • CD 䛾ᐜ㔞䠖 ⣙ 650MB䠄CD-ROM 䛾ሙྜ䠅 • 䜸䞊䝕䜱䜸 CD䠄CD-DA䠅䛷䛿䝕䞊䝍㔞䛿䛣䜜䜘䜚 ከ䛔䠄䝏䜵䝑䜽䝡䝑䝖䛺䛹䛜䛺䛔䛯䜑䠅 44,100 Hz 䠄㾂2=䠅22,050 Hz • 䝃䞁䝥䝸䞁䜾䝺䞊䝖䠖 44100 Hz 2 byte / 2 channel, linear PCM 䠄㾂5=䠅8,820 Hz 䠄㾂10=䠅4,410 Hz 䠄㾂20=䠅2,205 Hz 䠄㾂50=䠅882 Hz +]ʌ • ᶆ‽ⓗ䛺グ㘓㛫䛿᭱⣙ 74ศ • ⦎⩦䠖 ᐇ㝿䛾䝕䞊䝍㔞䜢ィ⟬䛧䛶䜏䜘䚹 44,100Hz 8bit 13 䝕䜱䝆䝍䝹ሗ䛾≉ᚩ 14 㡢㡪䝕䞊䝍䠄䠎䠅 • ᩘ್䛾⾲⌧䠖 • ᩚᩘᆺ • ༑ศ䛻㧗䛔ศゎ⬟䛜䛒䜜䜀䚸㐃⥆㔞䜢༑ศṇ☜䛻⾲⌧䛷 䛝䜛䚹 • ᢏ⾡䛾㧗⢭ᗘ䛜⫼ᬒ䛸䛧䛶ᚲせ • ⢭ᗘ䛸䝕䞊䝍㔞䛾䝖䝺䞊䝗䜸䝣 • ே㛫䛾ㄆ▱⬟ຊ䛸䛾ව䛽ྜ䛔 • 䜰䝘䝻䜾ሗ䛻ẚ䜉䛶䚸䛿䜛䛛䛻㧗䛔⮬⏤ᗘ䛷⏕ᡂ䞉ຍ ᕤ䞉⦅㞟➼䛾ฎ⌮䛜䛷䛝䜛䚹 • 䝋䝣䝖䜴䜵䜰ⓗ䛺ฎ⌮ • ➢ྕᩚᩘ䠄WAV 2 byte䠖 䞊32768䡚+32767䠅 • 䝧䞊䝇䝅䝣䝖䠄WAV 1 byte: 0䡚255 (-128)䠅 • ᾋືᑠᩘⅬ䠄Matlab ➼䠅 • 䝏䝱䞁䝛䝹ᩘ • 䝰䝜䝷䝹䠄䠍䝏䝱䞁䝛䝹䠅 • 䝇䝔䝺䜸䠄䠎䝏䝱䞁䝛䝹䠅 • ከ䝏䝱䞁䝛䝹䝇䝔䝺䜸䠄5.1ch surround 䛺䛹䠅 • 䝕䞊䝍䛜㌿㏦䚸䝁䝢䞊䛻䜘䛳䛶ຎ䛧䛺䛔䚹 • ⴭసᶒၥ㢟䠖 䛂Winny ௳䛃➼ 15 16 17 18 㡢㡪䝕䞊䝍䠄䠏䠅 • 䜸䞊䝕䜱䜸䝕䞊䝍䝣䜯䜲䝹ᙧᘧ 㡢㡪䝕䞊䝍䛭䛾䜒䛾䛻ຍ䛘䛶䚸䝟䝷䝯䝍್䛺䛹䜢 䛹䛖グ㘓䛩䜛䛛䛾Ỵ䜎䜚䚹 • 㠀ᖖ䛻ከᩘ䛾ᙧᘧ䛜䛒䜛䚹௦⾲ⓗ䛺䜒䛾䛸䛧䛶 䛿䠖 • WAV (Microsoft) • AIFF (Mac/Apple) • AU (Sun) • 䠄MP3䠅 • 䝕䞊䝍䛾ᅽ⦰䠖 ྍ㏫䠋㠀ྍ㏫䠄MP3 ➼䠅 㡢㡪䝕䞊䝍䠄WAV ᙧᘧ䠅 WAV ᙧᘧ: 䝕䞊䝍⾲⌧䠄ᩘ್䠅 • IFF/RIFF ᙧᘧ Mac ⏝䛾 AIFF 䛾 MS/Windows ∧ • 䝣䜯䜲䝹ᣑᙇᏊ䠖 .wav ➼ • 䝦䝑䝎㒊䚸䝣䜷䞊䝬䝑䝖䝏䝱䞁䜽䚸䝕䞊䝍䝏䝱䞁䜽䜘䜚䛺䜛䚹 • 䝣䜷䞊䝬䝑䝖䝏䝱䞁䜽 䝕䞊䝍䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾ᇶᮏⓗ䛺ሗ䠄䝏䝱䝛䝹ᩘ䚸䝃䞁䝥䝸䞁 䜾䝺䞊䝖➼䠅 • 䝕䞊䝍䝏䝱䞁䜽 ᐇ㝿䛾Ἴᙧ䝕䞊䝍䛾ᩘ್ิ • Big Endian/Little Endian ၥ㢟 • ㈨ᩱ䠖 http://www.kk.iij4u.or.jp/~kondo/wave/ ➼ • ᩘ್䛾⾲⌧䠖 ᩚᩘᆺ • 2byte: ➢ྕᩚᩘ䠄䞊32768䡚+32767䠅 ඛ㢌䝡䝑䝖䠖➢ྕ䝡䝑䝖 • 0xxx xxxx xxxx xxxx: ṇ䠄䜎䛯䛿 0䠅 • 1xxx xxxx xxxx xxxx: ㈇ • 1byte: 䝧䞊䝇䝅䝣䝖䠄0䡚255 (-128)䠅 • 1000 0000: 0 • 1xxx xxxx: ṇ䠄x0䠅 • 0xxx xxxx: ㈇䠄x0䠅 19 WAV ᙧᘧ: 䝕䞊䝍⾲⌧ 20 MIDI (Musical Instruments Digital Interface) • 䜒䛸䜒䛸䛿䚸䝕䜱䝆䝍䝹ᴦჾ䛾ሗ䛾䛯䜑䛾 つ᱁䛸䛧䛶ไᐃ䛥䜜䛯䚹(1982/1983) • ከ䝏䝱䞁䝛䝹䝕䞊䝍䛿䚸ྛᩘ್䝕䞊䝍䜢䝏䝱䝛䝹 㡰䛻୪䜉䜛䚹 • 䠎䝏䝱䞁䝛䝹䝇䝔䝺䜸䛾ሙྜ䚸L, R, L, R, … 䝝䞊䝗䜴䜵䜰䜲䞁䝍䝣䜵䞊䝇䚸➢ྕ᪉ᘧ䚸㏻ಙ䝥䝻䝖䝁䝹 • ➢ྕ䠖 㡢䛾㧗䛥䠄䝜䞊䝖␒ྕ䠅䚸ᙉ䛥䠄Velocity)䚸䛭䛾 • 䝞䜲䝖䜸䞊䝎䞊 Intel ᪉ᘧ䠄䛔䜟䜖䜛 little endian䠅 • n byte 䛾䠎㐍ᩘ⾲⌧䛜 [b1 b2 … bn] 䛾䛸䛝䚸 䝣䜯䜲䝹䛻䛿 bn, …, b2, b1 䛾㡰䛻᭩䛝ฟ䛩䚹 • ᣑᙇつ᱁䠖 GM (General MIDI) 䝯䞊䜹䞊ᅛ᭷䠖 GS (Roland), XG (YAMAHA) ➼ • 䝣䜯䜲䝹ಖᏑᙧᘧ䠖 SMF (Standard MIDI File) 21 MIDI ᶵჾ䠄䠍䠅 22 MIDI ᶵჾ䠄䠎䠅 • MIDI 㡢※䠄䝅䞁䝉䝃䜲䝄䠅 ྛ✀䛾ᴦჾ䛾㡢䜢ྜᡂ䛧䛶䜸䞊䝕䜱䜸⨨䛻㏦䜛䚹 • 㡢※䜻䞊䝪䞊䝗 㡢※䛸䜻䞊䝪䞊䝗➼䛾䝁䞁䝖䝻䞊䝷䛜୍య䛻䛺䛳 䛯䜒䛾䠄ᚑ᮶ᴦჾ䛾䜲䝯䞊䝆䠅 • 㡢※䠇䝁䞁䝖䝻䞊䝷 ᚑ᮶ᴦჾ䛻ᑐ䛩䜛䛝䛺㐪䛔䛿䚸Ⓨ㡢㒊ศ䛸₇ ዌ䜲䞁䝍䝣䜵䞊䝇䛜ศ㞳䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䚹 • FM ྜᡂ᪉ᘧ䠄Yamaha DX-7 ➼䠅 • PCM 㡢※䠄Pulse Coded Modulation䠅 • 䛭䛾 • 䝁䞁䝖䝻䞊䝷 ㏻ᖖ䛾ᴦჾ䛾₇ዌ䜲䞁䝍䝣䜵䞊䝇䛻䛒䛯䜛䚹 • MIDI 䜻䞊䝪䞊䝗 • MIDI 䝗䝷䝮 • 䜴䜱䞁䝗䞉䝁䞁䝖䝻䞊䝷䚸䜼䝍䞊䞉䝁䞁䝖䝻䞊䝷䚸 䠊䠊䠊 • 䜻䞊䝪䞊䝗䛷ᘻᴦჾ䚸⟶ᴦჾ➼䛾㡢䛜ฟ䛫䜛䚹 • ≀⌮ⓗ䛻㞳䜜䛶䛔䛶䜒䛛䜎䜟䛺䛔䚹 • 」ᩘ䛾㡢※䜢ྠ䛻ไᚚ䛷䛝䜛䚹 • 䛭䛾 䝅䞊䜿䞁䝃䚸䝭䜻䝃䞊䚸䝸䝈䝮䝪䝑䜽䝇䚸䠊䠊䠊 23 24 MIDI 䛸䝁䞁䝢䝳䞊䝍䠄䠍䠅 MIDI 䛸䝁䞁䝢䝳䞊䝍䠄䠎䠅 • DTM (Desk Top Music) 㡢ᴦሗ䜢ᵝ䚻䛺ᙧ䛷⾲⌧䞉ධຊ䞉⦅㞟䞉ฟຊ䛩䜛⤫ྜ ⓗ䛺䝅䝇䝔䝮 Finale, Professional Composer, Cakewalk, Cubase, Sibelius, MAX/MSP, ... • 䛂䝋䝣䝖䝅䞁䝉䛃 MIDI 㡢※䛾ᶵ⬟䜢䝁䞁䝢䝳䞊䝍ୖ䛷䝋䝣䝖䜴䜵䜰ⓗ䛻ᐇ ⌧䛩䜛䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮 • ⌧ᅾ䛾䝁䞁䝢䝳䞊䝍䛻䛿ᶆ‽ⓗ䛻ഛ䛥䜜䛶䛚䜚䚸䝤䝷䜴 䝄䛺䛹䛾ぶ䝅䝇䝔䝮䛛䜙䜃ฟ䛥䜜䛶䜟䜜䜛䚹 • SMF 䛿ᶆ‽ⓗ䛺㡢ᴦ䝕䞊䝍ᙧᘧ䛸䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䚹 • 䝁䞁䝢䝳䞊䝍䛸 MIDI ᶵჾ䜢᥋⥆䛩䜛䛻䛿䚸MIDI 䜲䞁䝍 䝣䜵䞊䝇䛜ᚲせ䚹 䠄᭱㏆䛾 MIDI 㡢※䛷䛿⤌䜏㎸䜏䛷⏝ព䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠖 RS-232C, USB 䜲䞁䝍䝣䜵䞊䝇➼䠅 • 䝁䞁䝢䝳䞊䝍䛻䜘䛳䛶 • MIDI ᶵჾ䜢ไᚚ䛩䜛䠄₇ዌ䜢⾜䛖䠅 • MIDI ᶵჾ䛛䜙ሗ䜢ධຊ䛧䚸グ㘓䠄㘓㡢䠅䚸ຍᕤ䞉⦅ 㞟䚸ฟຊ䛩䜛 • 䛾䝯䝕䜱䜰䛸䛾⼥ྜ䚸ከᵝ䛺⾲⌧ᙧᘧ䛾ᐇ⌧ cf MusicXML (Recordare) 䜒 de facto ᶆ‽䛸䛺䜚䛴䛴䛒䜛䚹 25 26 MIDI 䝯䝑䝉䞊䝆 MIDI/SMF • MIDI: Musical Instrument Digital Interface • Status byte䠄ඛ㢌䠍䝞䜲䝖䠅䛸 data byte(s) 䜘䜚䛺䜛䚹 • Status byte 䛿 MSB on䠄ඛ㢌䝡䝑䝖䛜 1䠅䚸data byte 䛿ཎ๎ 䛸䛧䛶 MSB off䠄እ䛒䜚䠅䚹 • 䝝䞊䝗䜴䜵䜰 31.25 kHz serial, photo-coupler ᥋⥆ 䠄MIDI 䝁䝛䜽䝍䚸MIDI 䜿䞊䝤䝹䠅 • 䝁䞊䝗䠖 MIDI 䝁䞊䝗 • ᣑᙇ䠖 GM (General MIDI), GS, XG, ... 8nH: AnH: CnH: EnH: • SMF: Standard MIDI File Format note off key pressure program change pitch bend 9nH: BnH: DnH: FxH: note on control change channel pressure system message • Channel voice message (status 8nH䡚EnH) 䛷䛿 status byte 䛾ୗ 4 bit 䛿䝏䝱䝛䝹ᣦᐃ䠄䠍䠒䝏䝱䝛䝹䠅 • Running status: ๓䛾䝯䝑䝉䞊䝆䛸ྠ䛨 status byte 䛿┬␎ྍ⬟䚹 • MIDI 䝕䞊䝍䛾䝣䜯䜲䝹ಖᏑᙧᘧ • 㛫ሗ䚸䝖䝷䝑䜽䜈䛾ศ䚸䝯䝍ሗ➼ 27 28 29 30 䝜䞊䝖䞉䜲䝧䞁䝖 • note-on: 9nH + [note number]+[velocity] • note-off: 8nH + [note number]+[velocity] • note number: ༙㡢༢䛷䛾㡢㧗 䠄0䡚127: ୰ኸ䝝䛿 60䠅 • velocity: 㡢䛾䛂ᙉ䛥䛃䠄0䡚127䠅 note-on 䛷 velocity=0 䛺䜙ᾘ㡢䛻┦ᙜ э running status ⏝ SMF SMF: 䝦䝑䝎䝏䝱䞁䜽 IFF/RIFF ᙧᘧ‽ᣐ 䝣䜯䜲䝹ᣑᙇᏊ䠖 .mid, .midi, .smf ➼ 䝦䝑䝎䝏䝱䞁䜽䛸䝖䝷䝑䜽䝏䝱䞁䜽䜘䜚䛺䜛䚹 䝦䝑䝎䝏䝱䞁䜽 䝣䜯䜲䝹䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾ᇶᮏⓗ䛺ሗ • 䝖䝷䝑䜽䝏䝱䞁䜽 ྛ䛂䝖䝷䝑䜽䛃䛾ᐇ㝿䛾䝕䞊䝍䜢᱁⣡ э䛂䝏䝱䝛䝹䛃䛸䛂䝖䝷䝑䜽䛃䛾㐪䛔䛻ὀព • “MThd” <length><format><ntrks><division> • <length>(4bytes): 䝏䝱䞁䜽䛾㛗䛥䠄್ 6䠅 • <format>(2bytes): 0, 1, 2 䛾䛔䛪䜜䛛 0: 䠍䝖䝷䝑䜽䚸1: 」ᩘ䝖䝷䝑䜽䚸䠄2: 」ᩘ᭤➼䠅 • <ntrks>(2bytes): 䝖䝷䝑䜽ᩘ • <division>(2bytes): 㛫ศゎ⬟ ㏻ᖖ䛿䠐ศ㡢➢䛾ศゎ༢䜢グ䛩 䠄ูᙧᘧ䠖SMPTE+frame ticks) • • • • 31 32 SMF: 䝖䝷䝑䜽䝏䝱䞁䜽 SMF: ྍኚ㛗ᩘ್ᣦᐃ • “MTrk”<length><events>* • <length>(4 bytes): track 䛾㛗䛥 • 䜲䝧䞁䝖 • ᩘ್䜢 7 bit 䛪䛴䛻ศ䛧䛶䝁䞊䝕䜱䞁䜾 MSB on 䛾ሙྜ䛻䛿ᩘ್䛜⥆䛟䚹 䠅 120 = 78H = 0111 1000B 259 = 103H = 1000 0010 0000 0011B • [delta-time] MIDI 䜲䝧䞁䝖 䠄SysEx ௨እ䛾䠅MIDI 䝁䞊䝗 • [delta-time] SysEx 䜲䝧䞁䝖 F0, F7 status 䛾 MIDI 䝁䞊䝗䠄ྍኚ㛗䝕䞊䝍䜢క䛖䠅 • [delta-time] 䝯䝍䞉䜲䝧䞁䝖 ᭤ྡ䚸䝔䜻䝇䝖䚸ㄪ䚸ᢿᏊ䛺䛹䛾᭩ㄅⓗሗ • delta-time: ┤๓䛾䜲䝧䞁䝖䛸䛾㛫ᕪ ྠ䜲䝧䞁䝖䛾ሙྜ䛻䛿 0 䜢ᣦᐃ䛩䜛䚹 33 34 SMF: 䝯䝍䞉䜲䝧䞁䝖 SMF䠖 㐠⏝ • ᭩ㄅⓗሗ䠖 䝔䜻䝇䝖䚸ⴭసᶒ⾲♧䚸䝅䞊䜿䞁䝇䠋䝖䝷䝑䜽ྡ䚸 ᴦჾྡ䚸ḷモ䚸䝬䞊䜹䞊䚸䜻䝳䞊䞉䝫䜲䞁䝖 • ᴦ᭤ሗ䠖 䝔䞁䝫ᣦᐃ䚸ᢿᏊ䚸ㄪ • 䝖䝷䝑䜽䛾⤊䜟䜚䠖 end of track • 䛭䛾 䝅䞊䜿䞁䝇␒ྕ䚸MIDI Channel Prefix, 䝅䞊䜿䞁䝃ᅛ᭷ሗ➼ • ᐇ㝿䛾䝕䞊䝍䛷䛿䚸note on/off 䛻 running status 䜢⏝䛧䛶䛔䜛䜒䛾䛜ከ䛔䚹 э ୰㏵䛛䜙䛾⏕䛻ၥ㢟䛒䜚 • 㛫ศゎ⬟䛿䚸䛝䛔䜋䛹⣽䛛䛔ᣦᐃ䛜䛷䛝䜛 䛜䚸delta-time 䛺䛹䛾䝞䜲䝖ᩘ䛜ከ䛟䛺䜛䚹 䘉 㻩㻌㻥㻢㻘㻌䘉 㻩㻌㻠㻤㻜㻌䛺䛹 • ᐇ㝿䛾₇ዌ䛾㉁䛿㡢※౫Ꮡ • 䝖䝷䝑䜽䛸䝏䝱䝛䝹䛾㛵ಀ䚸ศ䠋⤫ྜ • 䝔䜻䝇䝖୰䛾᪥ᮏㄒ䝁䞊䝗 35 36 ᩥ⊩ 䠄MIDI 㛵ಀ䠅 ᩥ⊩ • 㡢ᴦ㟁Ꮚᴗ༠ http://www.amei.or.jp/ MIDI 1.0 つ᱁᭩䚸䝸䝑䝖䞊䝭䝳䞊䝆䝑䜽 (1998) • MMA (MIDI Manufacturer’s Association) http://www.midi.org/ • ᪂⣧ SMF 䝸䝣䜯䝺䞁䝇䞉䝤䝑䜽䚸GS 䝸䝣䜯䝺䞁䝇䞉䝤䝑䜽 Edirol 䝸䝑䝖䞊䝭䝳䞊䝆䝑䜽 (1996) • ⏣㎶⩏䠖 Windows 䝃䜴䞁䝗䝥䝻䜾䝷䝭䞁䜾䚸 ⩧Ὃ♫ (2001) • 䠄ᤵᴗ䝨䞊䝆䛾䝸䞁䜽㞟䜒ཧ↷䠅 • E. Selfridge-Field (Ed.): Beyond MIDI: The Handbook of Musical Codes, MIT Press (1997), BN 0-262-19394-9. • C. Roads: The Computer Music Tutorial, MIT Press (1996), BN 0-262-68082-2 䠄ᖹ⏣䠄ヂ䠅䠖䛂䝁䞁䝢䝳䞊䝍㡢ᴦ䛃䚸ᮾி㟁ᶵᏛ ฟ∧䚸2001䠅 • ᖹ⏣ᆂ䠖䛂䝁䞁䝢䝳䞊䝍ୖ䛷䛾㡢ᴦ▱㆑䛾⾲⌧䛃䚸 bit ู䛂䝁䞁䝢䝳䞊䝍䛸㡢ᴦ䛾ୡ⏺䛃4.2 ⠇䚸 pp.163-181. 37 ⡆᫆ MML(Music Macro Language) • http://www.slis.tsukuba.ac.jp/~hiraga/mml/ • 䝕䞊䝍 • ᴦ㆕䝕䞊䝍䜢䝔䜻䝇䝖ᙧᘧ䛷ධຊ䛧䚸MIDI/SMF 䝣䜯 䜲䝹䛻ኚ䛩䜛 Web 䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮 • SMF 䝣䜯䜲䝹䛾䝎䞁䝥䛻䜘䜚䛭䛾ෆᐜ䜒ㄪ䜉䜙䜜䜛䚹 • 䠄䛷䛝䜜䜀⡆༢䛺ᡴ䛱㎸䜏₇⩦䜢䜔䛳䛶䜒䜙䛖䛴䜒䜚䠅 39 38
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