UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Prosodic Aspects of Information Structure in Discourse van Donzel, M.E. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): van Donzel, M. E. (1999). Prosodic Aspects of Information Structure in Discourse Den Haag: Holland Academic Graphics/IFOTT General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: http://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (http://dare.uva.nl) Download date: 19 Jun 2017 Appendix C Semantic scales Semantic scales used in the evaluation experiment in chapter 3, with English translations. In the actual experiment the Dutch terms were used. '*' = a < .80. Dutch terms * aangenaam-onaangenaam *vriendelijk-kortaf luid-zacht hees-niet hees stereotiep-gevarieerd aktief-passief *ongekunsteld-geaffecteerd flets-klankrijk slordig-precies stevig-slap *krakerig-niet krakerig traag-vlot melodieus-eentonig krachtig-zwak lelijk-mooi *ruw-glad doods-levendig diep-schel arm-rijk *gespannen-ontspannen expressief-uitdrukkingsloos vast-onvast plat-beschaafd zelfverzekerd-weifelend zeurig-opgewekt verzorgd-onverzorgd *afwijkend-normaal snel-langzaam opgewonden-rustig duidelijk-onduidelijk English translation *pleasant-unpleasant * friendly-dull loud-soft husky-not husky stereotyped-varied active-passive * artless-affected colorless-sonorous careless-precise firm-slack *creaky-not creaky dragging-brisk melodious-monotonous powerful-weak ugly-beautiful *rough-smooth spiritless-vivacious deep-shrill poor-rich *tense-relaxed expressive-expressionless steady-unsteady broad-cultured self-confident-wavering whining-cheerful polished-slovenly *deviating-normal quick-slow agitated-calm distinct-indistinct 166 APPENDIX e Factor loadings per scale and factor Table C.I Results of the factor analysis for the eight speakers and the selected 23 scales in five dimensions (% variance explained in parentheses). Scales are grouped and sorted by loading per factor. Cells with loadings higher than .55 or smaller than -.55 are presented in gray. Semantic scale melodious-monotonous expressive-expressionless stereotyped-varied colorless-sonorous spiritless-vivacious poor-rich active-passive whining-cheerful ugly-beautiful steady-unsteady loud-soft powerful-weak firm-slack quick-slow self-confident-wavering dragging-brisk polished-slovenly broad-cultured careless-precise distinct-indistinct deep-shrill agitated-calm husky-not husky Factor 1 (48%) Intonational characteristics -.841 -.809 .765 .765 .732 .702 -.700 .688 .675 -.162 -.192 -.470 -.494 -.273 -.313 .500 -.262 .117 .294 -.314 .022 -.289 .095 Factor 2 Factor 3 Factor 4 Factor 5 (9%) Dynamic features (6%) Articulation quality (5%) Pitch (5%) Voice abnormality .133 .278 -.041 -.274 -.398 -.286 .448 -.451 -.131 ,681 .656 .647 .624 .622 .570 -.564 .225 -.087 -.127 .346 .043 .223 .060 -.193 -.190 .248 .159 .268 .387 -.073 .160 .493 -.391 .121 -.351 -.253 -.162 -.472 .285 -.827 .819 .768 -.612 -.026 .044 .133 .130 .156 -.082 -.098 -.245 .071 .117 -.230 .127 -.094 .073 .156 .030 .476 .020 -.334 .060 .014 .003 .026 -.075 -.028 -.027 .304 -.040 -.034 -.105 .030 .010 .032 -.534 -.022 -.034 .188 .163 -.009 -.081 .088 .022 .007 .245 .253 .851 -.825 .744 -.009 APPENDIX e 167 Results for the ideal speaker Table C.2 Mean scores and standard deviations for the ideal speaker on the 23 reliable scales. Scales mainly loading on one factor (see Table 3.10) are separated by a dashed line. The positive aspect is presented on the righthand side of each scale. Scales are sorted by mean score per factor. Factor Semantic scale Mean score sd 1 spiritless-vivacious whining-cheerful colorless-sonorous stereotyped-varied ugly-beautiful expressionless-expressive monotonous-melodious poor-rich passive-active_ 6.5 6.0 5.9 5.7 5.5 5.3 5.2 5.2 4.9 .5 .8 .8 .9 1.0 .8 .7 .9 .8 2 dragging-brisk weak-powerful slack-firm wavering-selfconfident unsteady-steady slow-quick _ soft-loud_ 5.8 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.1 3.9 3;5_ .7 .8 .7 .5 1.0 .8 _._8 _ 3 indistinct-distinct careless-precise broad-cultured 5.2 5.0 5.0 .9 .9 1.1 _ _slovejrK'-£o]is_he_d _ _ü_ _l^_ 4 agitated-calm shrill-deep_ 4.1 _3_7 1.1 .7 5 huskv-not huskv 5.5 1.3