NEW KNOWLEDGE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE ISSN 1314 -5703 DETERMINATION OF GENOTOXIC EFFECT OF INSECTICIDE DELTAMETRINE WP 250 KEMAJL KURTESHI1, KASUM LETAJ1, ZEQIR SHAQIRI2, ARBNOR ALIDEMA3 1 Department of Bilogy, Faculty of Natyral Science UNIVERSITY OF PRISHTINA, 10000 Prishtinë, Kosovë 2 Faculty of Education, UNIVERSITY OF PRISHTINA, 10000 Prishtinë, Kosovë 3 PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY REXALL, 10000 Prishtinë, Kosovë Corresponding author: Address: Eqrem Qabej nn, Prishtinë, 10000, Kosovë E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Micronucleus (MN) assay is an ideal monitoring system that uses aquatic organisms to assess the genotoxicity of water in the field and in the laboratory. The aim of this study it was to determinated the genotoxic effect of insecticide deltametrine 250 WP through micronucleus in erythrocytes of golden fish (Carasius aureus), after in vitro treatement in aquarium for 8 days in 4 aquaria and 1 aquaria used as controll. Frequency of micronuclei at treated fish it was higher compared with controll group. Key word: insecticide, micronucleus, erythrocyte, fish deltametrine, Introduction Various industrial and agricultural activities increase pollution, particularly in the aquatic environment, which is contaminated by various toxic chemicals from the discharge of waste waters and agricultural drainage(Isani, 2009). These are responsible for multiple effects at the organisms, including humans, affecting organ function, reproductive status, species survival, population size and ultimately biodiversity. Among these, carcinogenic and mutagenic compounds are the most problematic as their effect may exert a damage beyond that of individual and may be active through following generations. Epizootic neoplasm has been found in a variety of ectothermic species, such as shell fish, echinoderms, jawless fish and bony fish. Various investigations using fish for screening the clastogenic effects of xenobiotics indicate that these fish represent good experimental models for genotoxicity studies (Pantaleao et al., 2006). Material and methods Fish Carasius aureus were placed in five different aquaria, each one containing tap water(negative control) and four different aquaria containing different dilution of fungicid propinebtriadimenol: (0.02ml insecticide /l water, 0.03ml insecticide /l water, 0.04ml insecticide /l water, 0.05ml insecticide /l water ). The fish was cut in caudal region and smears of peripheral blood were made on grease free clean slides. For each fish prepare four slides. Slides were coded,for each fish. The smears are air-dried and fixed in absolute ethanol for 25 minute. The next day,the slides were stained in giemsa(diluted in distilled water in ratio 3:1 ) for 30 minutes (Schmid1975). Stained slides were rinsed thorouhly in distilled water,air-draid, and mounted with coverslip. From each individual 2000 erythrocyte, 500 per slides were scored under an oil-immersion objective. Results and disscusion The results of average number of micronuclei (per aquarium) in peripheral erythrocyte in fish species Carasius aureus treated for 8 days, are sumarised at the table 1. According to investigation (Tab.1)in fishes treated in concentration 0.05 ml fungicid/ l water is proved high frequency, statistically significant,compared with control group of fish. ANNIVERSARY INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND APPLIED CONFERENCE – UARD, BULGARIA 61 NEW KNOWLEDGE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE Also it was verified that frequency of micronuclei in peripheral erythrocite of Carasius aureus, increase proportionallity with increase of concentration of insecticide. Frequency of micronuclei at fish Carasius aureus in first aquarium with concetration 0.05 fungicid/ l water was about fivefould high compared with control fish. Frequency of MN in second(with concentration of insecticide 0.04 ml/l water) was about fourfold higher and threefold in third aquarium compared with control fish. ISSN 1314 -5703 According to these results (tab.1) it can be conclude that C.aureus exposed in different concetration of insecticide deltametrine WP 250 is verified the high frequency of micronuclei in insecticide deltametrine concentration ratio 0.05 ml insecticid: 1l water(36.33MN), 0.04ml insecticid:1l water ( 31.25MN), 0.03 ml insecticid:1l water and 0.02 ml insecticid:1l water (27.15 MN), which are statistically significant compared with controll group(7.65 MN). Statistical analysis is done by ststistical software SigmaStat version 3.4, 2004 year. Tab.1. Average number of micronuclei( MN) in 2000 erythrocytes of peripheral blood of fish Carasius aureus after 8 days treatment in different dilution of insecticide deltametrine WP 250 / and statistical analysis beetwen treated aquarium and control aquarium Aquarium-1: 0.05 fungicid/ l liter water Average number of MN per aquarium 36.33 31.25 Aquarium -2: 0.04ml/l 27.15 Aquarium -3: 0.03ml/l 21.47 Aquarium -4: 0.02ml/l Aquarium -5: cotroll group Significancy Aquarium1:control group P=<0.001,s Aquarium2:control group P=<0.001,s Aquarium3:control group P=<0.001,s Aquarium4:control group P=<0.001,s 7.65 Legend: s-significant Ns- not significant Conclusion Based on this investigation we can conclude that insecticide deltametrine WP 250 is genotoxic, as it were damage the chromosome of fish, seeing that chromosome are fragmented, and formed the small nucleic body called micronuclei. The averge number of micronuclei it was higher, at treated fish, statistically significant compared with control group( P<0.001). The averge number of micronuclei it was higher, at treated fish, statistically significant compared with control group( P<0.001). References: 1.Aft, R.L, Zhang, W.F., and Glus, D. (2006). Evaluation of 2-deoxy-D-glucose as a chemotherapeutic agent: mechanism of cell death. Br J Cancer, 87: 805-812. 2.Linde, A.R., Sanchez-Galan, S., Izquierdo, J.I. Arribas, P., Maratinon, E. and Garcia-Vazquez, E.(1998):Browntrout as biomonitor of heavy metal pollution: effect of age on the reliability of the assessment, Ecotox.Environ. Saf. 40. 120– 125. 3.Campana, M.A., Panzeri, A.M., Moreno, V.J., and Dulout, F.N. (1999): Genotoxic evaluation of the pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin using the micronucleus test in erythrocytes of the fish Cheirodon interruptus.Mutat.Res.438(2):155-61. 4.Kligerman, D., (1982). Fishes as biological detectors of the effects of genotoxic agents. 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