SLIDES INTERMEDIATE - UNIT 8

SLIDES INTERMEDIATE - UNIT 8 – EXERCISE KEYS
ACTIVATION 1 p. 57: 1. Science Weekly; 2. National Geographic; 3. The Guardian; 4. The New
York Times.
ACTIVATION 2 p. 57: Student's activity. Suggested answers: Italian students should be aware of
the fact natural disasters such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, floods, forest fires and avalanches
are likely to occur in Italy. Students may think of Mount Vesuvius and Pompei, Mount Etna,
Stromboli as regards volcanic eruptions. Venice and Florence for floods; Sicily, Irpinia, Friuli,
Assisi and Abruzzo as regards earthquakes.
Ex 3 p. 59: 1. It is about an earthquake. 2. It happened in Haiti. 3. I think the consequences may
have been that people lost their lives, relatives, houses, and possessions. They may have got hurt
and / or shocked.
Ex 4 p. 59: 1 d, 2 f, 3 e, 4 a, 5 c, 6 h, 7 b, 8 g
Ex 5 p. 59: Disaster: type / strength - A 7.0-magnitude earthquake - the biggest recorded in this part
of the Caribbean - and the largest to hit Haiti in more than 200 years. Place: Haiti, which forms half
of the island of Hispaniola, with the epicentre near the capital Port-au-Prince. Time: The quake
struck at 4.53 pm local time on Tuesday January 12th 2010. Consequences: number of people killed
/ physical damage - The quake destroyed many buildings burying residents in rubble and sparking
tsunami alerts. Hundreds if not thousands of people are thought to have been killed. What makes the
area vulnerable? It is especially vulnerable to natural disasters because most of the capital's 3
million people live in hillside slums made of wood, tin and cheap concrete.
Ex 6 p. 59: student’s activity
Ex 7 p. 59: 1. told 2. said 3. say / told 4. say 5. tells 6. said
Ex 8 p. 59: 1. say 2. told 3. said 4. said 5. tell 6. says 7. tell 8. say 9. says / said 10 tell
Ex 9 p. 60: 1. Hugh's mother left her son a note where she told him she had gone to the dentist's and
she'd be back by 7 o'clock. 2. She had spoken to his Maths teacher and she had told her about his
bad mark. 3. She told Hugh to study the new Maths rules because of his oral test and to call her on
her mobile if he needed any help. 4. She also told / ordered / asked him to lay the table before she
came back.
Ex 10 p. 60: 1. The girl said that that was her boyfriend and that he was with another girl and that
she would kill him! 2. The boy told his sister not to worry and that he was sure the exam had gone
well. She answered that it had been very difficult and that she knew she could have done better. 3.
On the phone the girl said that as he had a new girlfriend, she didn't want to see him / her boyfriend
any more. He told her not to be silly and that the new girlfriend was his sister. 4. The girl said she
was very sorry / apologised.
Ex 11 p. 61: 1. The reporter asked where the earthquake had taken place. 2. The aid worker wanted
to know how many people had been made homeless. 3. She asked us when we had found the
money. 4. Jill asked me if (whether) I wanted to go to the cinema. 5. Jim asked his brother if
(whether) he was going to help him. 6. Jane asked them when they had seen that film. 7. Fred asked
me / wanted to know when Mary would arrive. 8. My mother asked me/ wanted to know if
(whether) I had cleaned the bathroom.
Ex 12 p. 61: Student's activity
Ex 13 p. 61:
Text From
Message
1.
Mum
Will you be late tonight?
2.
Frank
See you outside the cinema entrance at 8.
3.
Phone company You only have a pound's credit left on your phone.
4.
Kate
Where are you?
5.
Mary
Phone me when you can.
6.
Mum
Why haven't you answered my text?
Transcript [K.: Kate; J.: Jo]
K. Hello, Kate here.
J. Hi Kate, it's Jo. Can you do me a favour?
K. If I can. What's up?
J. I've left my mobile at home. Can you see it on my desk?
K. Yeah - here it is.
J. Do I have any messages?
K. There are 6 messages and 3 missed calls.
J. Can you be an angel and read out my texts?
K. The first is from Mum. It says "will you be late tonight?" Then there's a message from Frank
"see you outside the cinema entrance at 8".
J. Any more?
K. The third is from the phone company saying you only have a pound's credit left on your phone.
Then there's a message from me saying 'Where are you?" Then there's Mary just saying "phone
me when you can".
J. OK, will do. Is that it?
K. No, there's one more - it's Mum again saying: 'Why haven't you answered my text?"
J. OK I'd better phone her. Thanks Kate, I'll have to come back later and pick the phone up.
K. I'm sorry there are no love messages.
J. You don't really think I'd let you read them if I thought there might be some hot stuff.
K. You never know... Bye Sis.
J. Bye and thanks again.
Ex 14 p. 61: 1. Her Mum asked if she would be late that evening. 2. Frank said he would meet her
outside the cinema that evening at 8. 3. Jo's phone company left a message saying she only had a
pound's credit left on her phone. 4. Jo's sister Kate left a message asking where she was. 5. Jo's
friend Mary asked lo to phone her when she could. 6. Her Mum left a second / another message
asking why Jo hadn't replied to / answered the first text / message / one.
Ex 15 p. 61: 1 tsunami; 2 drought; 3 avalanche; 4 volcanic eruption; 5 flood; 6. hurricane; 7.
earthquake; 8. mudslide; 9 forest fire; 10 tornado.
Ex 16 p. 61:
Type of disaster
Place
earthquake
China
mudslide
Northern Italy
forest fire
Australia
tornado
Mississippi, USA
drought
Congo and Nigeria, Africa
floods
Northern India
tsunami
Indonesia
avalanches
France
volcanic eruptions
Iceland
hurricane
Hong Kong and the US state of Texas
Transcript
This has been an extraordinary year for disasters. There has been a dramatic earthquake in China,
a mudslide in Northern Italy, a terrible forest fire in Australia and a dramatic tornado in Mississippi
in the USA. Then in Africa we have been told there is still drought in the Congo and Nigeria. In
Northern India there have been reported floods and the recent tsunami in Indonesia is still causing
problems. France has had problems with several avalanches this winter and at the other extreme we
have the reported volcanic eruptions in Iceland, which caused so many disruptions to travellers. The
only disaster we haven't mentioned so far is a hurricane, but of course we had hurricanes too, both
in Hong Kong and the US state of Texas.
Ex 17 p. 63: Student's activity. Answers should be that the pictures show areas of potential
disasters, what might happen or has happened and how people could be rescued.
Ex 18 p. 63: 1. relied on 2. stubborn 3. ordeal 4. shoulder blade 5. impede 6. fate 7. wrapped 8. set
out
Ex 19 p. 63: 1. He was trapped in a mountain cave in a town called Xingshun in China. 2. Zeng
relied on his stubborn will to live. 3. He said that if he hadn't been trapped in the cave, he'd probably
still be a farmer. 4. He was hanging from his rope, with two fractured vertebrae in his neck, a
broken shoulder blade, and a fractured ankle. 5. He moved slowly down the mountain to base camp
and then across a glacier to get back. 6. He says that if you do get in trouble, anything that gets in
the way of success has to be eliminated - emotion, fear, pain. It's the mental things that will impede
your survival. 7. During a sandstorm he was lost in the desert with no water in over 100 degrees. 8.
He survived by drinking bats' blood and walking towards a mountain range where he was picked up
by nomads.
Ex 20 p. 63: a storm cellar T; a bathtub T; a gymnasium (neither); an overpass T; get down T; a
ditch T (if it's not raining); a battery powered radio B; canned food and water H; boarded up
windows H.
Transcript
If you ever find yourself in the area surrounding a tornado, the best thing to do is to get into a
shelter that is equipped with a storm cellar [rifugio contro i cicloni]. If you don't have one then go into
your basement [(piano) interrato; seminterrato]. Do not stand near any windows, as they can blow out due
to the drastic drop in pressure. If you cannot reach the basement in time, find a bathroom on the
lowest floor possible. Toilets and bathtubs are usually anchored into the ground, and thus are
usually the only things left intact after a tornado hits.
If you are inside a school or any other large building, do not stand under an area with a very large
roof such as a gymnasium, because they are the most likely to fall first due to the high wind speeds.
Try to avoid hallways (corridoi) that have doorways (vie d'accesso) leading outside the building.
If you are outside, find cover under an overpass. A ditch is also a good choice if it is not raining.
If there is rain, then you need to watch out for flash floods (alluvione improvvisa) and drowning
(allagamento; inondazione). Always crouch down and make yourself a small "target". If you are in a car,
do not try to drive away from the tornado, because you might actually be driving toward it.
Numerous people have died in cars because tornadoes have thrown the cars or toppled them over.
Always be prepared with ways to get information about the storm, such as a radio, television, or a
reliable internet site. Also, have a battery power radio in case power is cut off in your area.
If a hurricane watch (allarme uragano) is issued (emesso, pubblicato) for your town, be sure to do the
following:
1. Stock up on (fare provvista di) canned food and fresh water.
2. Put fuel in your car.
3. Get batteries for the radio and some flashlights (torce elettriche).
4. Replenish (reintegrare) all supplies (scorte) of necessary medicine.
5. Secure (mettere al sicuro (o al riparo) all outdoor objects.
6. Board up (chiudere (o sbarrare) con assi) all windows and bring in all pets.
Ex 21 p. 63: 1. Get into a shelter with a storm cellar. 2. Because they are anchored in the ground. 3.
Areas with a very large roof and hallways. 4. Because of flash floods and drowning. 5. You should
get information on the radio, television or the internet. 6. In case the electricity is cut off.
Ex 22 p. 63: 1. T 2. F: the area around doors is weaker. 3. T 4. T 5. F: everyone will be doing that
and crowding will lead to even more injuries.
Ex 23 p. 63: Group work. Each group decides who will present the project to the rest of the class
and the teacher. Each group should produce a "front page" giving a newspaper title as well as
headings and sub-headings for their articles and have the whole poster-page done as if it were a
front page.
Ex 24 p. 64: 1. Joe Paterno said that the minute you thought that you had got it made, disaster was
just around the corner. 2. Oscar Wilde said that the play had been a great success, but the audience
had been a disaster. 3. Stirling Moss said that to achieve anything, you had to be prepared to risk
disaster. 4. John D. Rockfeller said that he had always tried to turn every disaster into an
opportunity. 5. John F. Kennedy said that when written in Chinese, the word crisis was composed
of two characters. One represented danger and the other represented opportunity. 6. Mark Twain
said that courage was resistance to fear, mastery of fear, not absence of fear.
Ex 25 p. 64: 1. says 2. told 3. said 4. told 5. saying 6. told
Ex 26 p. 64: Student's activity. Suggested questions: 1. When did the crash happen? 2. Where was
the wreckage of the plane found? 3. Did anyone know the causes of the crash? Why? 4. How did
the rescue workers reach the wreckage? Why? 5. Were there any survivors? 6. What were the
relatives' reactions to the sad news?
Ex 27 p. 64: Student's activity
SLIDES INTERMEDIATE - PRACTICE BOOK - UNIT 2
PB Ex 1 p. 49: 1. had seen 2. was 3. didn’t know 4. wouldn’t 5. had to 6. couldn’t 7. had found 8.
didn’t know
PB Ex 2 p. 49: 1. Sarah said that she had to get up early the next day. 2. Josh said that he was not
satisfied with his score. 3. The teacher told me that I should try to take that Law test that day. 4. My
friends said that they might spend their summer holiday with me. 5. The Prime Minister said that
the prices wouldn't rise before the end of that year. 6. My colleague told me she would send me a
copy that evening / night when she had finished her calculations. 7. I told my niece she couldn't stay
there in New York any longer. 8. He told me he had phoned me the evening before.
PB Ex 3 p. 49: 1. Alison told Josh she would give him the book the next / following day. 2. The
teacher said (that) the headmaster wouldn't join that meeting that day. 3. Melanie told her mother
(that) she had been looking for that credit card for hours. 4. Frank complained (that) it was too cold
there. 5. Mr Stone repeated to his family he had worked hard the day before. 6. Christine said (that)
she was studying then / at that moment. 7. The reporter said (that) everything had started shaking all
of a sudden. 8. The students said (that) they had just finished their English test.
PB Ex 4 p. 50: 1. The teacher explained that equation was invented by Einstein. 2. He promised he
would phone as soon as possible. 3. They refused to accept my proposal. 4. Meg offered to give us a
lift to school. 5. The thief ordered me to give him my bag. 6. The Prince invited Cinderella to the
ball. 7. The headmaster pointed out that the students normally achieve better marks. 8. Jennifer
thought it was going to rain and said she'd take an umbrella.
PB Ex 5 p. 50: 1. Peter said / affirmed he had cleaned his shoes the day before / the previous day. 2.
Joe declared (that) his teacher would go to China that summer. .3. Helen affirmed (that) she had
been writing a letter the previous day. 4. Margaret told her friend (that) her husband had flown to
Moscow the day before. 5. Michael stated he was going to see that film that week. 6. Jennifer told
her Mum she'd do her best in the exam the next day. 7. Brian stated (that) they hadn't eaten fish two
days before. 8. Susan said / declared (that) she had spent all her pocket money on clothes the
Saturday before. 9. George told his secretary (that) his colleague had already left when he had
arrived there. 10. She said / stated (that) she had started the new school the week before but she
didn't like it.
PB Ex 6 p. 50: 1. He asked me/ wanted to know where I was going. 2. They asked me / wanted to
know how I had done that. 3. They asked / wanted to know who would come to the cinema with
them. 4. She asked me / wanted to know why I was so sad. 5. I wondered how my friends could be
so impatient. 6. I asked him / wanted to know which books he would take with him. 7. I asked him /
wanted to know if / whether he had spoken to Meredith at the party. 8. He asked me / wanted to
know if / whether I could call him back later. 9. My friend asked me / wanted to know who I was
going to the concert with the following Saturday. 10. Her husband asked her / wanted to know if
they had to park there.
PB Ex 7 p. 60: 1. Christopher asked me if I wanted to dance. 2. Betty wanted to know when he had
come. 3. Mark asked me if John had arrived. 4. Elisabeth asked me if she could help me. 5. Ronald
wondered where Maria had parked her car. 6. Mandy asked me whether I had watched her latest
film the evening before. 7. Andrew said he would have lunch with Sue. 8. Justin wanted to know
what I was doing. 9. They told me they had arrived the month before. 10. Ann told us to be quiet.
PB Ex 8 p. 60: 1 B, 2 A, 3 C, 4 A, 5 D.
PB Ex 9 p. 51: 1 B, 2 C, 3 D, 4 B, 5 D; 6 A.
PB Ex 10 p. 51: 1. They said (that) they hadn't expected the tide to rise quickly. 2. John told his
mother (that) he had been unlucky because he hadn't found the keys he had lost. 3. She exclaimed
that the film had had such a tragic end. 4. The teacher said (that) she was sure he would get
accustomed to the new school little by little. 5. Tim said (that) the article said / reported (that) the
old woman had spent a few days in terror because of her mad neighbour. 6. The policeman said
(that) the dog had attacked the poor girl to hurt her. 7. Susan said (that) she thought his behaviour
had been amazing. 8. He said he was drinking his tea when suddenly / all of a sudden he realised
that it was half past eight. 9. One of the tourists said (that) they had had such a horrible experience /
a really horrible experience in that hotel. 10. The former said / stated that the flood had had
devastating effects on the crops.
PB Ex 11 p. 51: 1. She said: "I'm enjoying my new job.” 2. He told me / said to me: "I haven't
remembered / didn't remember to post the parcel for you”. 3. She asked me: “Are you single or
married?” 4. He said to me: “Apply right away if you want to get the job.” 5. My father warned us:
“Don't trust that boy because he is a liar!” 6. Mrs. Brown wanted to know: "Do I have to / Need I
throw that old skirt away?" 7. My mother said to me: "Don't forget to do the washing.” 8. Jeremy
said: “I have forgotten / forgot my homework." 9. Bill said: "I'll arrive late." 10. Ellen asked me:
“What's the matter?"
PB Ex 12 p. 51: 1. A rescue operation is still under way after an avalanche buried some skiers on
Mont Blanc. 2. Skyscrapers need to be built with reinforced concrete to make them earthquakeresistant. 3. In Haiti the poor houses in the slums are made of wood and tin. 4. The ash from the
volcanic eruption is burying the fields and houses in the area. 5. The statue in the square was
toppled over by the earthquake. 6. Working as a volunteer in Haiti sparked Lucy's interest in
humanitarian causes. 7. The explosion reduced the building to rubble.
PB Ex 13 p. 51: 1. Tornado; 2. Mudslide; 3. Forest fire; 4. Hurricane; 5. Volcanic eruption; 6.
Flood; 7. Earthquake; 8. Drought; 9. Avalanche; 10. Tsunami.
PB Ex 14 p. 52: 1. tell 2. said 3. said / say 4. tell 5. said 6. told 7. tell 8. said 9. say 10. said
PB Ex 15 p. 52: 1. Is there any interesting news in the newspaper? 2. I have just read a surprisingly
unusual article. 3. Really? What is it about? 4. It is about a volunteer's training experience in a
mountain rescue team. 5. What happened to him? 6. In the training exercise, he was / played the
part of a victim buried alive by on avalanche. 7. What else did the article say about the training
exercise? 8. The article described a cave, big enough to contain the volunteer, dug in the snow
whose entrance had been covered with snow. 9. Who should have found the victim? 10. A twoyear-old golden retriever should have found the cave and dug the victim out. 11. Don't dogs need to
smell the victim? 12. Yes, they do. The article added that to make the situation more realistic, skis
and sticks had been scattered around. 13. Did the article say anything else about the dog? 14. The
article informed / stated that the dog had been trained for avalanche rescue and added that the
presence of a rescue dog in these situations increased the chance of the (avalanche) victim's survival
because the dog was quickly / soon ready and (was) fast / rapid in its search.
PB Ex 16 p. 52: Gli scienziati studiano i 'glaciovulcani'
II vulcano Eyjafjallajökull in Islanda, che è entrato in eruzione recentemente, è un glaciovulcano,
un vulcano ricoperto da ghiaccio. "Quando un vulcano ricoperto da ghiaccio erutta, l'interazione tra
magma, ghiaccio e acqua di disgelo può avere risultati catastrofici, " dice Sonia Esperanca, direttore
della Divisione delle scienze della Terra del Fondo Nazionale Scientifico. La scorsa settimana in
Islanda gli scienziati erano ben preparati alle inondazioni che possono accadere dopo che un
glaciovulcano emette gas / soffia e scioglie la sua copertura di ghiaccio. Le inondazioni sono state
seguite dall'emissione di tonnellate di ceneri nell'atmosfera.
La maggior parte del resto del mondo, comunque, non si era resa conto che un'eruzione proveniente
da una piccola isola settentrionale nel mezzo dell'oceano Atlantico potesse congelare il trasporto
aereo e bloccare il commercio globale.
La scorsa settimana scienziati dell'università di Pittsburgh hanno dichiarato che quando la lava
bollente scioglie velocemente il ghiaccio, l'acqua può mischiarsi con il magma e produrre violente
esplosioni di cenere vulcanica. Queste particelle possono essere portate molto più in alto
nell'atmosfera rispetto alla cenere (proveniente) da simili eruzioni senza contenuto d'acqua. Quando
frammenti surriscaldati di magma liquido colpiscono l'aria fredda, solidificano in miliardi di
miliardi di particelle, sospinte nell'atmosfera dall'energia dell'eruzione vulcanica.
PB Ex 17 p. 53: 1. Jennifer told me she would help me. 2. Bruce informed me (that) he was going to
move to Nevada. 3. Maria asked me what I was talking about. 4. Mike told me (that) he might be
late. 5. My mother wondered why I was so tired. 6. I wondered if / whether what I had heard was
right. 7. When Frank asked me if I could still get (the) tickets for the concert, I told him I had
already bought them. 8. John told me he would come to my party but he couldn't stay for more than
an hour. 9. He told me (that) we would meet in front of / outside the cinema and that I should also
tell Alex (too). 10. George said he would go jogging that evening.
PB Ex 18 p. 53: 1. Sue assured Meg she'd arrive at her party by 9 pm. 2 Bob promised his Mum
he'd phone her every week. 3. Nick suggested to Elizabeth that they have a walk in the park. 4.
Stella offered to do the ironing for Susan. 5. The mechanic advised not to touch that wire. 6.
Theresa's sister asked her to help her with her Latin exercise. 7. They apologized for having called
(us / you) so late.
PB Ex 19 p. 53: 1. scusarsi to say you're sorry 14. fare la spia to tell tales 3. ringraziare to say thank
you 12. mentire to tell a lie 6. salutare to say hello / goodbye 7. pregare to say a prayer 18.
distinguere to tell the difference 10. raccontare una storia to tell a story 17. sgridare to tell off 15.
svelare un segreto to tell a secret
PB Ex 20 p. 53: 1. saying goodbye. 2. to tell the difference. 3. say please and thank you 4. tell the
truth 5. tell you a secret / to tell 6. tells a joke 7. say you're sorry.
PB Ex 21 p. 54: 1. top porch 2. packed 3. overnight 4. peak 5. injuries 6. air pockets
PB Ex 22 p. 54: 1. He comes from New Orleans in the USA. 2. They went to a hotel and stayed
there for six days. 3. They walked through the flood water to a bridge. 4. A helicopter came and
picked them up from the bridge and took them to their house to pick up some stuff and then
collected them and took them to the airport. 5. She was with her scout group on a two-day winter
climbing skills course near Ben Nevis in the Scottish Highlands. 6. When she was rescued she was
under 3 ft of snow and had been in sub-zero temperatures for 76 hours. 7. He said that it was
amazing that anyone had survived in those circumstances. 8. The experts told her that they had
probably survived because they hadn't suffered any major injuries when they were buried in the
snow and (that) they were also lucky that air pockets had formed around their bodies and they had
had enough space to breathe.
PB Ex 23 p. 54: 1. There are two main types of wave that are generated when you have an
earthquake. 2. Waves can't travel through liquids and therefore aren't visible on the other side of the
planet. 3. When the waves hit the Earth's surface, they set up vibrations. 4. We only have about 10
years’ worth of instrumental data. 5. There are hundreds of earthquakes happening all the time but
some are too small to be detected by humans. 6. Most of the time earthquakes occur along a fault
line where it has happened before.
Transcript
[S.: speaker; F.: Dr. Fraser]
S. Good evening and welcome to "Our Earth". Our guest tonight is an expert on Natural Disasters
and is going to talk to us about earthquakes. Dr. Anne Fraser is a research scientist from Brunell
University in London. Hello Dr Fraser and welcome to the programme.
F. Good evening.
S. Are we any nearer to understanding why earthquakes happen?
F. To understand earthquakes more we are studying what is happening under the earth's surface. In
fact, there are two main types of wave that are generated when you have an earthquake. They're
called primary and secondary waves. Through monitoring these waves we can see how long
they've taken to reach various locations around the Earth. We also found that waves can't travel
through liquids, and therefore aren't visible on the other side of the planet.
S. That's because the centre of the earth is liquid?
F. Yes, so earthquakes only travel around the surface. When the waves hit the surface, they set up
vibrations. This is what we feel as the strong ground motion. It's also what causes the most
damage to buildings and causes panic among populations.
S. Can we predict when the next one will happen?
F. Unfortunately we aren't close to predicting earthquakes as we only have about 10 years’ worth of
instrumental data. We don't understand the Earth as well as we might and we can't predict what
amount of time will lapse between one earthquake and the next. So for the time being we have to
concentrate on making buildings safer. It is the falling building that cause the injuries and loss of
life.
S. How can we make buildings safer?
F. New buildings can be designed using seismic [/ˈsaɪzmɪk/ = seismical /ˈsaɪzmɪkl/] codes and old
buildings reinforced.
S. How many earthquakes are going on around the world at the moment?
F. There are hundreds of earthquakes happening all the time but some are too small to be detected
by humans, and some occur under the oceans or in the desert where no-one notices. Most of the
time earthquakes occur along a fault line where it has happened before but this is not always true
- so beware it can happen at any time.
S. Well, I'll certainly be more aware of tremors now. Thank you Dr. Fraser, it has been really
interesting talking to you.
PB Ex 24 p. 54: Student's open answer based on recording.
PB Ex 25 p. 54: Student's activity.

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