Classlflcatlon of Bones

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Bone Marklngs
1. Match
the terms in column B with the appropriate description in column
ColumnA
A:
Column B
l.
sharp,slenderprocess*
a,
condyle
2.
small rounded projection*
b.
crest
b; crest
3.
narrow ridgeofbone*
c.
epicondyle
o;
tuberosity
4.
large rounded pmjection*
d.
fissure
8;
head
5.
structure supported on neckt
e.
foramen
j;,
ramus
6.
armlike projectiont
f.
fossa
a;
condyle
7,
rounded. convex projectiont
g.
head
d;
rtssure
8.
narrow depression oropening,
h.
meatus
h: meatus
9.
canal-like stmcturet
i.
process
j.
ramus
k.
sinus
l.
spine
large, iregularly shaped projection*
m.
trochanter
n:
tubercle
e; forumen
10. openingthrougha
ll.
k;
sinus
bone$
shallowdepressiont
12. air-filledcavity
3.
m: trochanter
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c;
epicondyle
14.
raised area of a condyle*
n.
tubercle
i;
process
15. projection or prominence
o.
tuberosity
* A site of muscle attachrnent
Takes part in joint formation.
* A passageway for nerves or blood vessels.
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Classlflcatlon of Bones
2.
The four major anatomical classifications of bones are long, short flat, and inegular. Which category has the least amounl
of spongy bone relative to its total volume? l4I{,
3.
Classify each of the bones in the next chart into one of the four major categoriee by checking the appropriate column. Use
appropriate references as flece.lsary.
Revierry Sheet
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Grosr Anatomy of the Typical long Bone
4.
Use the terms below to identify the structures marked by leader lines and braces in the diagrams (some terms are used rnore
than once).
Key
A: a. articular cartilage
b. compact bone
c. diaphysis
d. endosteum
e.
epiphyseal line
epiphysis
C. medullary cavity
h. nutrient allery
f,
d
i.
j.
k.
l.
periosteum
red marrow caviry
trabeculae ofspongy bone
yellow numow
KeyB:
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.f1
b.
d.
compact bone
i.
endosteum
periosteum
t.
yellow marrow
b,
compact bo0e
periosteum
trabeculae of
spongy bone
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L
Key
C:
i.
k.
t-
.l
./l
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Review Sheet
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5.
Match the terms in question
information below.
l.
containsspongyboneinadults
c
5.
scientific term for bone shafi
2.
madeofcompactbone
8(l)
6.
containsfatinadultbones
j
3.
site of blood cell formation
7.
growth plate remrant
d
,i
8.
n'rajor submembranous site of osteoblasts
f
6.
I with the
4.
osteoclast$
major submembranous site of
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What differences between compact and sponqy bone can be seen with the sdked eye? Comltact bone appears homogeneous:
hone has obvious snaces.
7. What
is the function of the periosteurn?
Pratects tlrc bonz and is tlte structurc from which blood vetsels and nerttes enter bone
Mlcroscoplc ltructure of Compact Bone
8.
Trace the route taken by nutrients through a bone, starting with the periosteum and ending with an osteocyte in a lacuna.
Pe,Jloste$tn
')
Perforating
canal
-)
rcrnrdl ( Hdve rsian) canal
9.
3-
tonalicuhts
osteocyte
Se veral descriptions of bone structure are given below. Identify the structure involved by choosing the appropriate term from
the key and placing its letter in the blanlc Then, on the photomicrogmph of bone on the right (208X), identify all structures
named in the key and bracket an osteon.
Key: a. canaliculi b. centml canal c. concentric lamellae
(:
1,
d.
lacunae e. matrix
lavers ofbonv matrix around a central
canal
site of osteocytes
longitudinal canal canying blood vessels,
lymphatics, and nerves
minute canals connecting osteocytes of an
osteon
e5.
inorganic salts deposited in organic
ground substance
Osslflcqtlon: Botlle Formatlon and Growth ln
1O How
kngth
does the appeaftmce of the chondrocytes in the transformation zone differ from those in the growth zone?
Thosc in t]rc tronsformation zone are mwclt larxer (l*pertrophied)-
11. Compare and contrast events occurring on the epiphyseal and diaphyseal faces of the epiphyseal plate
Epiphyseal face:
Cartilase matrix is beinp taid down.
Diaphyseal face: Cartiloge matrix is being eroded and replaced by hane ru,ttrix.
Review Sheet
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Chemlcal Composltion of Bone
,t
12. What is the function of the organic matrix in bone
To pt'o,-ide t'lexibility (and stren*th).
13. Name the important organic bone components. Collugcnit
arul elastic fihers and ground substances: cells
14. Calcium salts form the bulk of the inorganic material in bone. What is the function ofthe calcium
salts?
To nrovide lnrdness end strenlth.
15. Baking removes
*!s(
from bone. Soaking bone in ngid rcrnsvss 'laki'&7 salts
16. Which is responsible for bone structue? (circle the appropriate response)
inorganicportion
organicportion
{36iFr.rl.lrrrffi]
Cartilager of the Skeleton
17. Using key choices, identify each type of cartilage described (in terms of its body location or function) below.
Key: a
a: elastic
.t
b;
-tfJ-
b.
elastic
fibrocartilage
c: hialine
fitxocartilage
c.
hyaline
b; frhocartilage
6. rneniscus in a knee joint
2. betweenthe vertebrae
c;
7. connects the ribs to the sternum
3. forms the walls of the
b; fibrocartilage
8. most effective at rcsisting
compression
9. most springy and flexible
l.
supports the external ear
hyaline
voice box (larynx)
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a: elustit'
4. the epiglottis
a; elastit
c: h),oline
5. articular.canilagtes
c; hyaline
10. mosl abundant
18. ldentify the 1wo types of cartilage diagrammed below. On each, label rhe chondroc-rtes in lacurute andlhe m&trix.
_
Matrix
0
A\\r) )
,-= ((a\\{./'
Kd),_=.Y-)
ICYC9 ,.@^
/
Cl*ndra:1tes
in lacunae
(a) fibrocartilase
l5.l
Review Sheet 9
(b) hyaline cartilaxe

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