ambroz – herbarij

impressum
PROJEKT: Njegovanje tradicije, istraæivanje i prezentiranje
zaviËajne povijesti Malog Loπinja
PROJECT: Mali Loπinj - A Study of History and Tradition
Projekt je zapoËeo 2005. godine u prigodi obiljeæavanja 150.-e godiπnjice
osnutka Pomorske πkole u Malom Loπinju i 150.-e godiπnjice roenja profesora
Ambroza HaraËiÊa
The project started in 2005 on the occasion of the 150th anniversary of the
founding of the Nautical School in Mali Loπinj and the birth of Ambroz HaraËiÊ's.
Voditeljica projekta / Project Manager: Lidija Kosmos, prof.
U projektu su sudjelovali Mladi povjesniËari Srednje πkole Ambroza HaraËiÊa
/ High School Young Historian Group members who took part in the project:
Leona FuËek-Desanti, Matea ViduliÊ, Fran Kuπeta, Manuela Kajkara,
Anton BudiniÊ & Udruga sakupljaËa samoniklog,
ljekovitog & jestivog bilja AMBROZ HARA»I∆
Nakladnik / Publisher: Srednja πkola Ambroza HaraËiÊa
Za nakladnika / For the Publisher: Tomislav GospodnetiÊ, prof.
Autor teksta / Text: Lidija Kosmos, prof.
Prijevod na engleski / Translation: Julija ©uput, prof.
Projekt financirali:
Grad Mali Loπinj, Primorsko-goranska æupanija
TuristiËka zajednica grada Malog Loπinja, Jadranka hoteli d.o.o.
Ljekarna Snjeæana Muπkardin Mali Loπinj
The Project was made possible through grants provided by:
The City of Mali Loπinj, Primorje-Gorski Kotar County
Mali Loπinj Tourism Agency, Jadranka Hotels d.o.o.
Pharmacy Snjeæana Muπkardin Mali Loπinj
Izloæba HARA»I∆EV HERBARIJ u PalaËi KVARNER, Mali Loπinj, od 15. do 31.
svibnja 2009. godine / Exhibition HARA»I∆’S HERBARIUM in KVARNER palace,
Mali Loπinj, from May 15 to May 31, 2009
Postav izloæbe / Exhibition setup
Maja BRISKI
TOTAL DESIGN by EGOIST ARTZ & PARTZ™
PRODUCER & ART DIRECTOR : MAJA BRISKI [ [email protected] ]
COMPUTER MANIPULATOR & PHOTOGRAPHER : ZANETO PAULIN [ [email protected] ]
TISAK / PRINT : LABINSKA TISKARA [ [email protected] ]
NAKLADA / CIRCULATION : 500 PRIMJERAKA / COPIES
HaraËiÊev herbarij
πto je uvidio veÊ tijekom
studija - da je njegov otok
potpuno nepoznat tadaπnjoj
javnosti. OdluËio je
znanstvenim radom razotkriti
bar dio njegova bogatstva.
Neposredno prije
HaraËiÊevih botaniËkih
istraæivanja, Loπinj je bio cilj
samo povremenih putovanja
ili izleta nekolicine stranih
istraæivaËa pa je poznavanje
njegove flore bilo djelomiËno
i nepotpuno. Ipak, to se uskoro
promijenilo. Mjesta iz kojih
dolaze botaniËari, zaljubljenici
u svoj kraj, su mjesta koja se
mogu podiËiti najkvalitetnijim
i najiscrpnijim floristiËkim
prikazima. Loπinj je imao
sreÊu.
HaraËiÊ je istraæivao
vegetaciju sistematiËno,
precizno i temeljito. Marljivo
je biljeæio svoja opaæanja, a
jednu biljeænicu ispunio je
veÊ za vrijeme studija, kada
je na rodnom otoku provodio
PO»ETAK HARA»I∆EVIH
ljetne praznike. Godine 1890.
BOTANI»KIH ISTRAÆIVANJA
objavio je prvi, a sljedeÊe
Ambroz HaraËiÊ (1855.godine i drugi dio svojega
1916.), roen je u Malom
rada „Sulla vegetacione
Loπinju, a u Grazu i BeËu se dell´isola di Lussin“. U
posvetio studiju koji je odredio prvom dijelu je predstavio
njegovo æivotno usmjerenje. geografske znaËajke otoka i
Bile su to prirodne znanosti, rasprostranjenost njegove
odnosno, kako su ih tada zvali, flore, a kako je istovremeno
praktiËna filozofija. Godine
obavljao i meteoroloπka
1879. dobio je nastavniËko
opaæanja, u drugom dijelu je
mjesto na Pomorskoj πkoli u objasnio i utjecaj klime na
Malom Loπinju i potvrdio ono vegetaciju.
HERBARIUM CROATICUM
Sastavni dio PrirodoslovnomatematiËkog fakulteta u
Zagrebu, Herbarium Croaticum,
nalazi se u prostorijama
BotaniËkog zavoda na
MaruliÊevom trgu. Na drugom
katu tog impresivnog zdanja
smjeπtena je zbirka koju su joπ
u vrijeme preporoda utemeljili
pioniri hrvatske botanike:
VukotinoviÊ, Hirc, Schlosser,
Rossi i drugi. U zbirci koja
broji viπe od pola milijuna
primjeraka, posebno mjesto
zauzimaju i herbarijski listovi
maloloπinjskog prirodoslovca,
znanstvenika i profesora
Ambroza HaraËiÊa.
U studenom 2007. godine,
Mladi povjesniËari Srednje
πkole Ambroza HaraËiÊa
posjetili su BotaniËki zavod.
Bogatstvo i vrijednosti
HaraËiÊevog rada pokazao nam
je dr.sc. Miπko Plazibat, Ëuvar
Hrvatskog herbarija.
NARODNA BOTANI»KA
NOMENKLATURA
Tijekom istraæivanja,
HaraËiÊ je biljeæio narodna
imena biljaka pa je 1894.
godine u Glasniku Hrvatskog
naravoslovnog druπtva objavio
svoj “Prilog za narodnu
botaniËku nomenklaturu”.
U to vrijeme Austrijanci su
izraivali prve topografske
karte naπih krajeva. Na
njihovim zemljovidima ne
nalazimo veÊinu toponima koje
je HaraËiÊ skupio iz naroda ili
katastra kojeg je pomno
prouËavao. Zato mu treba odati
joπ jedno priznanje, da je prvi
popisao veÊinu naπih biljaka
te tako saËuvao i spasio
domaÊe jeziËno blago za
buduÊe naraπtaje. Imena
lokaliteta spominje u svojim
radovima i na etiketama svog
herbarija, a narodna imena
biljaka koristi i u kasnijim djelima. Morao je pisati na talijanskom jeziku, no Ëesto je dodavao
i hrvatske nazive uz koje bi
dopisao „in lingua nostrana“.
VI©E OD TRI DESETLJE∆A
RADA U PRIRODI
Najstariji herbarijski list
iz HaraËiÊeve zbirke biljeæi
godinu 1883., a u naredna tri
desetljeÊa njegov herbarij je
narastao na oko 4000 listova.
To je najveÊa zbirka flore koja
je ikad skupljena na nekom od
jadranskih otoka. Osim na
Loπinju, biljke je nalazio i na
susjednom Cresu. Na njegovim
herbarijskim etiketama
uoËavamo i nazive okolnih
otoka i otoËiÊa: Unija, Suska,
Svetog Petra, Velih Srakana
- sveukupno 209 razliËitih
lokaliteta. HaraËiÊ nije
zaobiπao niti jedan kutak
otoka, popeo se na svaki
breæuljak, zavirio u svaku
morsku uvalu, obiπao svaki
kamenjar, paπnjak ili livadu.
Brojna su svjedoËanstva
njegovih suvremenika o
njegovim izletima s kojih bi
se redovito vraÊao s prepunom
torbicom. ZaËueni bi mu
postavljali pitanja, a on je
oduπevljeno tumaËio koje je
primjerke pronaπao na morskoj
obali, a koje na stijenama, u
makiji ili u πumi. Izlete bi
Ëesto organizirao i s acima,
pa bi ih poveo na planinarenje
na OsorπÊicu ili u obilazak
Nerezina. Nerijetko bi mu koji
vredniji primjerak donio i neki
od njegovih uËenika, a HaraËiÊ
bi njegovo ime zapisao na
herbarijskoj etiketi.
ENDEMSKE BILJNE VRSTE
U Hrvatskom herbariju imali
smo priliku vidjeti stotinjak
herbarijskih listova s biljkama
kao πto su: pjeπËarski mak s
Poljane, jednobodljikasta
ostika s »ikata, preslica s
Unija, gospin vlasak s Valdarki, jesenski gorocvijet s
Koludarca, visibabe s Halmaca, ljubice s Boccafalse ... No,
to je tek mali dio njegovog
biljnog blaga.
Posebno mjesto u zbirci
zauzimaju endemski primjerci
biljaka. HaraËiÊ je na otoku
uoËio posebnu vrstu paprati,
Phyllitis hybrida
(Scolopendrium hybridum),
za koju su botaniËari tog
vremena vjerovali da je
izumrla. Sabrao je znaËajnu
zbirku komparativnog
materijala kako bi dokazao
endemiËnost te vrste. To je u
ono vrijeme pobudilo izuzetan
interes u krugovina austrijskih
Primjerak luka
(pasduh) za kojeg je
HaraËiÊ uoËio da se po
svojim
karakteristikama
cvijeta i praπnika
razlikuje od tipiËnog
oblika te vrste, pa ga
je nazvao Allium
ampeloprasum var.
lussinense [Hrvatski
herbarij BotaniËkog
zavoda PMF-a u
Zagrebu].
A specimen of onion
discovered by HaraËiÊ.
He had noted that its
flower and stamen
were different
from a typical shape
of that species, and he
gave it the name
“Allium ampeloprasum
var. lussinense”
[Croatian Herbarium
of Department of
Botany at the Faculty
of Science, Zagreb
University].
botaniËara. Vidjeli smo tu
zaista bogatu kolekciju paprati,
koju u naπim krajevima zovu
jelenak. Na dvadesetak
herbarijskih listova uoËavamo
zapisane natuknice. HaraËiÊ je
vodio biljeπke opisujuÊi
specifiËnosti svakog dijela
biljke, kao na primjer: list sa
dva reænja ili jeziËasta forma
lista. Paprat je skupljao
tijekom cijele godine i na
razliËitim mjestima. Na
etiketama prepoznajemo imena
lokaliteta, kao πto su: Privlaka,
Kalvarija, Poljana, Valdarke,
Velopin, Slatina, Vela Straæa,
»ikat, Rovenska, Javorna i
Draæica. Uz ime lokaliteta
dopisane su i znaËajke terena:
na vrhu ili ispod breæuljka,
iznad uspona, uz stari zid, na
crvenoj zemlji.
Svoja zapaæanja o rijetkoj
paprati HaraËiÊ je objavio
1893. godine u znanstvenom
Ëasopisu Zoologischbotanischen Gesellschaft,
koji je izlazio u BeËu. U istom
Ëasopisu nalazimo i Ëlanak o
posebnoj vrsti luka Allium
ampeloprasum. Opazio ga je
na otoku i primijetio da se po
svojim karakteristikama cvijeta
i praπnika razlikuje od tipiËnog
oblika te vrste, pa ga je nazvao
rasprostranjenost biljnog
svijeta, drugi klimu Loπinja i
njezin odnos prema vegetaciji,
a u treÊem se nalazi
sistematski popis flore. Zadnji
dio knjige je i najopseæniji,
na 150 stranica teksta
navedena su staniπta i
nalaziπta biljaka, vrijeme
“OTOK LO©INJ, NJEGOVA
cvatnje, rasprostranjenost i
KLIMA I VEGETACIJA”
druge znaËajke, a uz latinske
Godine 1905., u prigodi
nazive dodana su i narodna
50. obljetnice πkole i svog
pedesetog roendana, HaraËiÊ imena.
je objavio rezultate svog
dugogodiπnjeg znanstvenog SUDBINA HERBARIJA
Profesor HaraËiÊ nastavio
rada u knjizi „L'isola di Lussin.
je istraæivati dalje, i nakon πto
Il suo clima e la sua
je umirovljen. Bio je neumoran
vegetazione“. To je djelo
rezultat njegovog cjelokupnog do kraja æivota. Posljednje
primjerke biljaka prikupio je
istraæivanja na podruËju
1914. godine, uoËi rata, a
botanike. Marljivim
neposredno prije svoje smrti.
sakupljanjem biljaka i
Nakon raspada Austro-Ugarske
sistematskim biljeæenjem
Monarhije i dolaskom
njihovih znaËajki, uspio je
talijanskih vlasti koje nisu
tijekom svog istraæivanja
opisati 1018 specifiËnih vrsta marile za hrvatsku baπtinu,
HaraËiÊev herbarij prolazi kroz
koje je pronaπao na otoËju.
teπku sudbinu.
Taj materijal je posluæio za
HaraËiÊeve zasluge su
objavljivanje knjige koja
predstavlja njegovo æivotno potpuno zanemarene,
botaniËki rad u Loπinju
djelo.
obustavljen, a njegov herbarij
Knjiga sadræava tri
poglavlja: prvi opisuje otok i zaboravljen i zapuπten.
Allium ampeloprasum var.
lussinense. Rijetke i posebno
zanimljive vrste HaraËiÊ je
opisao znatno opπirnije od
ostalih, a tako je uËinio i sa
specifiËnom biljkom reæuhom
- Cardamine maritima.
PoËetna dva dijela HaraËiÊevog rada “Sulla
vegetazione dell´isola di Lussin“ Ëiji je prvi
nastavak objavljen 1890. godine.
First two parts of HaraËiÊ’s work “Sulla
vegetazione dell´isola di Lussin“ (first book
was published in 1890)
GORE/ UP: dr. Dinko KozuliÊ.
DOLJE / DOWN: Scena iz svakodnevnog
æivota; fregata Radetzky 1894. godine u
maloloπinjskoj luci (snimio A. HaraËiÊ). /
A scene from everyday life; the Radetzky
Regatta in 1894 in the port of Mali Loπinj
(photographed by Ambroz HaraËiÊ).
toliko moguÊnosti za izlete,
boravak na svjeæem zraku,
πetnje po πumama i
rascvjetalim livadama.
OstavljajuÊi nam u nasljee
svoj herbarij, profesor HaraËiÊ
pouËava nas kako se voli
zaviËaj. GledajuÊi bogatstvo
prikupljenog materijala u
Hrvatskom herbariju,
KonaËno ga je 1920. godine HaraËiÊevo umijeÊe u postupku
spasio dr. Dinko KozuliÊ, muæ preπanja, njegovu
HaraËiÊeve posvojene kÊeri,
sistematiËnost u skupljanju
koji ga je prenio u Zagreb.
flore i preciznost u biljeæenju
podataka, sa sigurnoπÊu
SCIENCIA AMATA
moæemo zakljuËiti da ga u
Sciencia amata - tako
predanom radu i ljubavi
nazivaju botaniku. Nije Ëudno, prema prirodi i rodnom
kada ta „ljupka znanost“ pruæa Loπinju nitko nije nadmaπio.
IZVORI I LITERATURA / SOURCES AND REFERENCES
• Arhiv Srednje πkole A. HaraËiÊa u Malom Loπinju / Mali Loπinj High School Archives
• PodruËni ured za katastar Rijeka, ispostava Mali Loπinj / Regional Office for Cadastar,
Branch Mali Loπinj
• Dræavni arhiv u Rijeci/ Rijeka State Archives
• Hrvatski herbarij BotaniËkog zavoda PMF-a u Zagrebu / Faculty of Natural Sciences
and Mathematics, Botanical Institute - University of Zagreb
• Nacionalna i sveuËiliπna knjiænica u Zagrebu / National and University Library, Zagreb
• Ambroz HaraËiÊ, Sulla vegetazione dell´isola di Lussin, Gorizia, 1890.
• Ambroz HaraËiÊ, L´isola di Lussin, il suo clima e la sua vegetazione, Mali Loπinj, 1905.
• Ambroz HaraËiÊ, Otok Loπinj, njegova klima i vegetacija, OtoËki ljetopis 8, s talijanskog
preveo dr. Ivan KozuliÊ, Mali Loπinj, 1992.
• Zbornik radova o prirodoslovcu Ambrozu HaraËiÊu, Hrvatsko prirodoslovno druπtvo,
urednik Æarko DadiÊ, Zagreb, 1981.
• Mato BoæiËeviÊ, Ambroz HaraËiÊ - najzasluæniji profesor pomorske πkole u Malom
Loπinju, OtoËki ljetopis 3, Mali Loπinj, 1980.
• Neera Hreglich Mercanti, Ricordando Lussino I-VI , 1999.
• Branko FuËiÊ, Apsyrtides, Narodno sveuËiliπte, Mali Loπinj, 1990.
• Dr. Branko Briski, Samoniklo jestivo i ljekovito bilje otoka Cresa i Loπinja, Zagreb, 1995.
• Dragutin Hirc, Na kvarnerskim otocima, Rijeka, 2003.
GORE /UP:
Originalni poster
za najavu izloæbe.
/ The original promotional poster.
DESNO / RIGHT: Voditeljica projekta Lidija
Kosmos i ravnatelj πkole Tomislav
GospodnetiÊ, na otvaranju izloæbe. / The
head of the project Lidija Kosmos and
Ambroz HaraËiÊ High School principal
Tomislav GospodnetiÊ at the opening
ceremony of the exhibition.
DOLJE / DOWN: MatiËnjak kao skulpturalni
objekt. / A lemon balm as a sculpture.
GradonaËelnik Malog Loπinja,
Gari Cappelli, otvara izloæbu.
The Mayor of Mali Losinj,
Gary Cappelli, is opening
the exhibition of HaraËiÊ Herbarium.
Ambijentalni postav multimedijskog
projekta HaraËiÊev herbarij ukljuËio je
autorski tekst i povijesne fotografije,
prezentaciju, svjeæe ubrano zaËinsko i
ljekovito bilje, dvadesetak herbarijskih
listova i izbor jela od samoniklog bilja.
The content of the exhibition of the
multimedia project HaraËiÊ Herbarium
included texts as well as a presentation,
historical photographs, freshly picked
medicinal herbs and herbs used for
seasoning, almost twenty herbarium
pages, and a menu of edible wild plants.
UËenici Nautice sa profesorom HaraËiÊem
na vrhu OsorπÊice, 1894. godine.
Nautica's students with their teacher HaraËiÊ
on the top of mount OsorπÊica in 1894.
DESNO / RIGHT:
Detalj izloæenog
herbarija
profesorice
Kosmos. / A detail
from the displayed
herbarium
compiled by the
head of the project
Lidija Kosmos.
DOLJE / DOWN:
Domijenak, na
kojem su
posluæena jela i
napici od
samoniklog
loπinjskog bilja.
/ The banquet:
dishes and
beverages made
from wild plants.
LIJEVO / LEFT:
Rascvjetali neven kao
edukativni element
projekta. / A pot
marigold in blossom
as an educational
element of the
project.
DESNO / RIGHT:
UËenici osnovne
πkole iz Cresa i
struËno vodstvo pri
obilasku HaraËiÊevog
herbarija u PalaËi
Kvarner. / Elementary
school students from
Cres accompanied by
their teachers visit
HaraËiÊ Herbarium
displayed in the
Kvarner palace in
Mali Loπinj.
Oduπevljenje uspjehom projekta na
otvorenju izloæbe - voditeljica projekta,
profesorica Lidija Kosmos i Mladi
povjesniËari Srednje πkole Ambroza
HaraËiÊa / Project Manager Lidija
Kosmos and High School Young
Historian Group members: Fran Kuπeta,
Anton BudiniÊ, Matea ViduliÊ, Manuela
Kajkara & Leona FuËek-Desanti
HaraËiÊ’s Herbarium
a teaching position in
Nautical School in Mali Loπinj,
and there he confirmed what
he had already discovered
during his studies - that his
island is completely unknown
to broader public. Therefore,
HaraËiÊ decided to
scientifically explore the island
and reveal its botanical
diversity to the world.
In the period that preceded
HaraËiÊ’s botanical research,
Loπinj had been the target of
only a few sporadic trips
undertaken by foreign
researchers. As a result, the
knowledge of the island’s flora
was partial and incomplete.
This was soon to change. The
places with the most complete
and valid scientific botanical
data are generally the
birthplaces of botanists who
were infatuated with their
homeland. Loπinj was lucky to
have HaraËiÊ. He explored its
vegetation in a systematic,
precise, and thorough
manner by diligently recording
every observation. Already as
BEGINNINGS OF HARACIC’S
a student he had filled one
BOTANICAL RESEARCH
Ambroz HaraËiÊ (1855 - notebook during his summer
1916) was born in Mali Loπinj vacations. In 1890, HaraËiÊ
on the island of Loπinj but his published the first part, and
the following year the second
studies in Graz and Vienna
part of his work “Sulla
determined his vocation in
vegetazione dell’isola di
life. It was there that he
studied “the natural sciences”, Lussin” (The Vegetation of
at that time called “applied the Island of Loπinj). In the
philosophy”. In 1879 he got first part, he presented
THE CROATIAN HERBARIUM
belongs to the Faculty of
Science of the University of
Zagreb. It is on display on the
second floor of the imposing
Department of Botany building
on MaruliÊ square. The
compilation of the herbarium
was started during the Croatian
national revival (1835-1849)
by pioneers of botanical
science in Croatia such as
VukotinoviÊ, Hirc, Schlosser,
and Rossi. In the collection
that consists of half a million
specimens, the herbarium
pages compiled by a botanist,
scientist, and teacher, Ambroz
HaraËiÊ, from Mali Loπinj hold
a special place.
In November of 2007, the
group “Young Historians”
from Mali Loπinj High School
visited the Department of
Botany in Zagreb. There, Ph.D.
Miπko Plazibat, custodian of
the Croatian Herbarium
presented the voluminous and
important work of HaraËiÊ.
TreÊi i Ëetvrti
nastavak
HaraËiÊevog
rada “Sulla
vegetazione
dell´isola di
Lussin“.
Third and
fourth part of
HaraËiÊ’s work
“Sulla
vegetazione
dell´isola di
Lussin“.
language heritage for future
generations. He mentions the
names of places on the labels
in his herbarium, and he also
uses popular names of plants
in his later works. He had to
write in the Italian language,
but he often added Croatian
names with the comment “in
lingua nostrana” (in our
language).
geographical characteristics of
the island and the distribution
of its vegetation. While
searching for plants he was
also doing meteorological
observations, so in the second
part he explained the influence
of the climate on the
vegetation.
MORE THAN THREE DECADES OF
EXPLORING NATURE
POPULAR BOTANICAL
The first page of the
NOMENCLATURE
HaraËiÊ’s herbarium dates from
In the course of his research 1883. In the following three
HaraËiÊ had been recording
decades the herbarium
popular names of the plants expanded to 4000 pages, and
and so in 1894 he published came to represent the largest
his “Contribution to Popular compilation of flora collected
Botanical Nomenclature” in on an Adriatic island. In
Croatian Naturalistic Newsletter. addition to Loπinj, HaraËiÊ
At that time, Austrians
picked up plants on the
made the first topographic
adjacent island of Cres. The
maps of our country, but they labels in his herbarium list the
did not show most toponyms names of smaller islands
that HaraËiÊ had discovered surrounding Loπinj: Unije,
through talking to people or Susak, Sveti Petar, Velike
searching the town records.
Srakane - 209 different
Therefore, HaraËiÊ should be locations in all.
recognized, not only for
During his exploration of
recording the majority of the Loπinj, HaraËiÊ searched the
island’s plants, but also for
most remote places on the
preserving and saving our
island, climbed every hill,
looked at every cove, crossed
every stretch of rocky ground,
pasture and meadow. His
contemporaries who witnessed
his trips reported that he
would regularly come back
with a bagful of plants. In
wonder, they would ask
questions and HaraËiÊ would
enthusiastically explain which
specimen he had found on the
shore, and which he had found
on the rocks, in the underbrush
or in the forest. Frequently,
HaraËiÊ organized his field
trips with his students, taking
them to climb mount OsorπÊica
or stroll around the small
coastal village of Nerezine.
Jedan od primjeraka
paprati Scolopendrium
hybridum iz HaraËiÊeve
herbarske zbirke
pohranjene u Hrvatskom
herbariju BotaniËkog
zavoda PMF-a u Zagrebu.
A specimen of fern,
Scolopendrium hybridum.
The HaraËiÊ's collection
from the Croatian
herbarium of Department
of Botany at the Faculty
of Science, Zagreb
University.
When a student of his found
a rare specimen, HaraËiÊ would
record his name on the
herbarium label.
ENDEMIC PLANTS
In the Croatian Herbarium,
we saw approximately a
hundred of pages of plants.
We will mention here only a
few from HaraËiÊ’s rich
collection: prickly poppy
(Papaver argemone) found in
the bay of Poljane; one awned aegilops (Aegilops
uniaristata Vis.) found in the
bay of »ikat; horsetail
(Equisetum arvense L.) from
the island of Unije; maidenhair
Spektakularna loπinjska veslaËka regata
odræana 1894. godine (snimio Ambroz
HaraËiÊ). / Spectacular rowing boat race
held in the port of Mali Loπinj in 1984
(photographed by Ambroz HaraËiÊ).
fern (Adijantum capilleus
veneris L.) from the bay of
Valdarke; blooddrops ( Adonis
Annua L.) from the atoll of
Koludarac; snowdrop
(Galanthus nivalis) from the
location of Halmac; and violet
(Viola) from the bay of
Boccafalsa.
The endemic species hold
a special place in the HarËiÊ’s
collection. On the island of
Loπinj, HaraËiÊ discovered a
particular species of fern,
Phyllitis hybrida
(Scolopendrium hybridum),
that was believed to be
extinct. He collected a
considerable amount of comparative data to prove that
Phyllitis hybrida was an endemic plant. At that time, this
discovery aroused the attention of Austrian botanists.
In the Croatian herbarium
we admired the breadth of
HaraËiÊ’s fern collection known
in our region as hart’s tongue.
It includes twenty pages of
comments. HaraËiÊ took notes
describing the particular
features of each part of the
plant, such as the two lobes
or the tongue-shaped leaf. He
had collected the fern over
the whole year from different
locations. On the labels, we
recognize the names of
locations on the island of
Loπinj such as: Privlaka,
Kalvarija, Poljana, Valdarke,
Velopin, Slatina, Vela Straæa,
Rovenska, Javorna, Draæica.
Next to the names of locations,
there are descriptions of the
terrain where the fern was
found: on the top of the hill,
over the hill, next to the old
wall, in the red soil.
HaraËiÊ published his
scientific research of this rare
fern in the scientific journal
Zoologisch- botanischen
Gesellschaft, printed in
Vienna. In the same journal,
HaraËiÊ published an article
related to a particular species
of onion he had discovered
on the island of Loπinj. He
had noted that its flower and
stamen were different from a
typical shape of that species,
and he gave it the name
“Allium ampeloprasum var.
lussinense”.
In the Croatian herbarium,
HaraËiÊ’s descriptions of rare
and interesting species are
more detailed than other more
common species. For example,
he gave a detail description
of the sea bitter cress
(Cardamine maritima).
“THE ISLAND OF LOπINJ: ITS
CLIMATE AND VEGETATION”
In 1905, on the occasion
of the 50th anniversary of the
Nautical School in Loπinj and
his 50th birthday, HaraËiÊ
published his lifelong scientific
research in the book “L'isola
di Lussin. Il suo clima e la
sua vegetazione”. This book
represents the culmination of
his scientific research in
botany and consists of the
description of 1018 specific
species that HaraËiÊ had
identified on the Loπinj island.
The book is divided into
three chapters: the first
describes the island and flora
of Loπinj; the second describes
the climate of Loπinj and its
impact on vegetation; and the
third part lists the
nomenclature of the island’s
flora. The third chapter is the
biggest part of the book. In
150 pages, HaraËiÊ
meticulously described the
habitats of plants, their
locations, the time of their
blooming, their distribution,
and their other characteristics.
In addition to the Latin names
of plants, HaraËiÊ also added
their popular names.
THE DESTINY
OF THE HERBARIUM
Professor HaraËiÊ continued
his research even after he had
retired. Tireless until the end
of his life, he collected his
last specimens in 1914, in the
wake of the World War I.
After the collapse of the
Austrian-Hungarian Monarchy
and the establishment of a
new Italian government that
did not care for any Croatian
legacy, HaraËiÊ’s herbarium fell
into obscurity.
All botanical work in Loπinj
ended, and his herbarium was
forgotten. Only in 1920 did
Dinko KozuliÊ, MD, the husband
of HaraËiÊ’s adopted daughter
rescue it and finally moved it
to Zagreb.
SCIENCIA AMATA
Sciencia amata - that is
how botany was called.
No wonder, since that “lovely
science” offers so many
opportunities for field trips in
the fresh air, strolls across the
woods and blooming meadows.
Leaving to us his herbarium,
HaraËiÊ gives us a lesson in
love of one’s homeland.
Looking at the amount of the
data collected in the Croatian
herbarium, as well as HaraËiÊ’s
art in pressing plants, his
systematic approach in
collecting flora, and his
accuracy in recording data,
we can rest assured that
nobody has surpassed him in
his devotion to work nor in
his love for nature and his
native Loπinj.
HaraËiÊev crteæ
endemske paprati
dio je njegovog
Ëlanka
objavljenog 1893.
godine u BeËu, u
znanstvenom
Ëasopisu
Zoologischbotanischen
Gesellschaft. /
HaraËiÊ's drawing of
the endemic fern;
the drawing was a
part of the article
published in 1893
in Wienna in the
scientific magazine
Zoologischbotanischen
Geselschaft.
Ambroz HaraËiÊ sa
suprugom Mimi
(Marija Marelija)
pred kuÊom (danas
zgrada Odgojnog
doma u ZagrebaËkoj
ulici). Na kuÊi se
vide meteoroloπki
instrumenti. Biljke u
vrtu obiljeæene su
drvenim πtapiÊima
koji nose ploËice s
latinskim nazivima.
Ambroz HaraËiÊ with
his wife Mimi (
Marija Marelija) in
front of their house
(today's Youth
Correctional Facility
in ZagrebaËka
street).
Meteorological
instruments can be
seen on the house.
The plants in the
garden
are marked with
wooden sticks
carrying labels
with latin names.
IZLOÆBA HARA»I∆EV HERBARIJ
PALAËA KVARNER • MALI LOπINJ, HRVATSKA, 2009. GODINE
EXHIBITION HARA»I∆’S HERBARIUM
KVARNER PALACE • MALI LOπINJ, CROATIA, 2009