China and South-East Asian markets

Volume IV Number 26 April 2009
China and South-East
Asian markets
Thailand
Experiences in CNG
programmes
China
An outlook from the
NGV industry
NGVA Euro
Conferencep&eS
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ow
Hacia una
limpia y sosmteonvilidad
ible
Towards a lea
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sustainablecm
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17-19
JUNIOJUNE
2009
Patrocinio
Hosted by
Main Sponsor
Feria de Madri
d
Madrid Fair
Pabellón 1 Pavil
ion 1
info@gnv2009m
adrid.com
www.gnv2009m
adrid.com
Un evento de
An event of
Organizado por
Organized by
2
April 2009
Summary
04
Asian NGV Communications is a publication
of NGV Communications Group, publishing
house and fairs-conferences organizer:
www.ngvgroup.com
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International NGV Guide.
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is member of the
ANGVA (Asia Pacific
NGV Association)
KOREA
300-5, Changchon-Ri ■ Namsan-Myun
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NGV markets in China and
South-East Asia
The price of sweet crude oil went
below USD 45/blue barrel (bbl) on
February 27th (US benchmark light)
although the contract for April ...
19
An outlook on the NGV industry
of China in 2009
Since 1998, the NGV industry in China
has experienced several stages of
development supported by the national
R&D, Demonstration and Promotion ...
24
NGV outlook and challenges in
Thailand
Thailand started pilot NGV projects
during 1984-1992 by introducing NGVs
to Thai motorists to reduce emissions
in the Bangkok area. The prime ...
26
NGV stakeholders’ opinions in
Asian NGV Communications
30
Crude oil price increased, NG
price decreased
27
Changi Airport to employ 1,000
NGVs
31
A quick glance at the South Asian
market
28
NGVs users in Singapore need CNG
stations in every area of the country
32
The vehicle and refuelling station
trends in Iran
29
Three new stations are yet to be
opened in Jakarta
34
GNV2009 exhibition and
conference
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India: 9.5%
Indonesia: 1.6%
Iran: 7.0%
Israel: 0.1%
Japan: 10.2%
Korea: 5.1%
Malaysia: 6.6%
Myanmar: 0.5%
New Zealand: 1.0%
Pakistan: 11.4%
Philippines: 3.6%
Russia:4.3%
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Tel : +82 33 260 3419
e-mail: [email protected]
4
April 2009
NGV markets in China and South-East Asia
The price of sweet crude oil went below
USD 45/blue barrel (bbl) on February 27th
(US benchmark light) although the
contract for April delivery was set at
around USD 45/bbl on the New York
Mercantile Exchange while the May
contract was USD 46.89/bbl.
Some analysts expect that by 2010 oil
price will be traded around USD 65/bbl.
This will be encouraging for our NGV
industry. Although the growth in NGV
adoption is not as rapid and as big as the
last two years, many NGV stakeholders
still see Asia as the region of big
potential, especially those markets in
China, India and Iran. For example,
despite of the slower growth in NGV
adoption compared with last year,
Thailand is still showing an encouraging
fact by adding 12,303 NGVs within the
first two months of 2009. Below are the
most recent activities that took place in
two specific markets / sub-regions: China
and South-East Asia. For more market
information regarding South Asian market
--Iran, India, Pakistan-- please see other
articles in this magazine.
China is estimated to have over 400,000
NGVs at the moment. The private and the
public sectors expect that more types and
models of NGVs will be available in the
market. Currently, most NGVs
—converted and OEM made— are mainly
buses, trucks, and passenger cars. It is
anticipated that special purpose vehicles
including goods vehicles will be adopted
in the current NGV fleet.
More and more domestic resources of
natural gas are explored, and supplies
from both local and foreign countries are
strengthened. Areas with rich coal bed
methane content, such as Shanxi
Province, are seen as the new potential
markets for NGV programme. Despite of
the current economic slow-down and the
decline of oil price and price differential
between CNG and gasoline, a developer
and operator of CNG stations and
manufacturer of NGVs and their kits and
CNG station equipment, Sinoenergy, has
reported a healthy profit gained in 2008.Its
net sales increased by 80.9% to USD
15.9 million while its gross profit increased
by 22.8% to USD 4.8 million.
Thailand tries to strengthen its leadership
position in logistics in Indochina. One of
the most important logistic companies in
the country, DHL, is confident that
Thailand can become a regional trade hub
if the authorities actively support and offer
incentives to the players in the segment.
In line with the government’s “green”
vehicle endeavour and to combat the
rising operation costs, including fuel, DHL
uses “green” vehicles -some with CNG- in
its fleet. With about 140,000 NGVs on
the road, the transport sector utilises only
2% of the country’s natural gas
consumption. As commercial transport
segment uses roughly 2/3 of total
petroleum imports, it is believed that
having this segment using CNG in their
fleets will help lower oil import cost and
contribute a lot to the NGV programme.
each NGV and CNG fuel tax exemption
until 2011, Singapore NGV business
continues pulsing little by little. Vehicle
conversions still take place as workshop(s)
offer special discounted price for
conversion and fuel vouchers. According
to the original plan, two new CNG stations
will be added to the current 3 stations by
the first and second quarter of 2009. One
of those will be the second largest CNG
station in the world, to be equipped with
38 dispensing units. NGVs owners in
Singapore also have access to refuelling
facilities in its neighbouring country,
Malaysia.
Since last year, the government has been
offering tax incentives to companies
making more than 300,000 eco-cars (fuel
efficient and environmentally-friendly) for
domestic and export purposes over the
next five years. It is expected that by
2010, 2 million eco-cars will be produced
with 50-60% export outbound.
With 87 importers of NGV-related
equipment and about 70 certified
conversion workshops, Malaysia has
thousands of CNG cylinders and
conversion kits in its stock. The country
has around 40,200 NGVs and over 100
refuelling facilities. As in many parts of the
world, vehicle conversion rate has been
declining since last November 2008 and
some workshops are taking the
consequences. However, statistically, the
immediate future target is almost
accomplished: to have 50,000 NGVs and
200 CNG stations by the end of 2010.
From November to December 2008,
about 10,000 NGVs and 50 CNG stations
were added in Thailand. From the
beginning of January to end of February
2009, 12, 303 NGVs and 2 stations were
added. As per March 1st, there were
140,038 NGVs and 305 stations in this
country. Premium gasoline was sold at
22.44/litre while CNG remains retailed at
8.50/kg.
Indonesia might re-activate its CNG bajaj
programme to replace the 15,000 old
and/or polluting bajajs in Jakarta, in which
5,000 of those are expected to be
imported by 2010 from India by the
Indonesian sole distributor of bajajs, PT
Abdi Rahardja. Apart from the significant
needs to provide sufficient amount and
network of CNG refuelling stations, the
success of these programmes also
depends on the government willingness to
reconsider the luxury goods tax imposed
on these bajaj. As the vehicle is equipped
with four-stroke engine and powered by
CNG, something that the government
classifies as “new technology”, the luxury
good tax applies. This has increased the
retail cost of each bajaj by 45%. The
Jakarta City Administration has proposed
lowering the import tax to the central
government.
Apart from the extension of the 40%
“Green Vehicles Rebate” on purchase of
Other South-East Asian countries being
active in the NGV sector include Vietnam,
which has purchased 500 CNG buses
from South Korea, and Myanmar with
about 23,000 NGVs and 37 CNG stations.
In 2007, the conversion rate in Myanmar
was estimated at 1,000 vehicles per
month. However, several sources
mentioned that the country is currently
facing a budgeting issue in
importation/purchase of NGV/station
equipment. Although the CNG bus
programme in the Philippines is going at a
humble pace, potential investors in the
gas distribution, CNG station business
and the local government see a big
prospective in fuelling station segment.
Brunei Darussalam is scheduled to join
the industry this year.
Of the twelve South East Asian countries,
only Cambodia, East Timor, Laos have no
plan to adopt NGVs in their fleets yet.
Taiwan—which sometimes is also
categorised as East Asia—has 4 NGVs
and 1 CNG station in 2005 (see more
data at the statistics page of Asian NGV
Communications in this magazine).
However, currently there is no NGV activity
in this country.
6
April 2009
中国和东南亚天然气汽车市场动态
2月27日，世界石油价格还低于45美元/桶，而四月份纽约商品交易所的交货合同价格升到了45美元/桶，五月份
的合同价格更是达到了46.89美元/桶。专家预期，到2010年石油价格将回升为65美元/桶。这对天然气汽车产业
来说是个振奋人心的消息。虽然天然气汽车数量的增幅不如前两年快，仍有很多利益相关者认为亚洲的市场潜力
巨大，特别是中国、印度和伊朗。举例来说，尽管与去年相比天然气汽车的增幅变缓，泰国在今天头两个月仍就
增加了12,303辆天然气汽车。以下内容反映的是中国及东南亚市场最近的表现。如果您想了解南亚市场情况，如
伊朗、印度和巴基斯坦，请阅读本期杂志相关文章。
据估算，目前中国天然气汽车保有量超过了40万辆。无论是公共车辆还是私家车中的天然气汽车种类和型号将进
一步增加。目前在原产和改装的天然气汽车中，主要是公交车、卡车和乘用车。预计，物流车等专用车辆也将在
不久采用天然气车型。
中国国内的天然气资源不断被开发出来，国内和国际的天然气供给得到加强。像山西这样的富含煤层气的省份被
认为有望成为天然气汽车产业的新兴市场。虽然身处金融危机困境且油气价差不断缩小，中国能源公司（Sinoen
ergy）——一家中国本土的天然气加气站开发和运营商——仍在2008年获得了可观的利润。其销售额同比增加了
80.9%，达到1,590万元人民币，而毛利增长了22.8%，达480万元人民币。
泰国正在加强其在印度支那地区物流业领导者的角色。其最重要的一个物流公司——
DHL相信若政府实施激励政策，泰国可以成为区域贸易中心。为了响应政府“倡导绿色汽车”的号召，同时也为
了削减公司燃料开支，DHL公司已经开始向车队引进了天然气车型。虽然泰国天然气汽车数量达到了14万辆，但
其消耗的天然气仅为全国天然气消费量的2%。泰国的商用车石油消耗量占全国石油进口量的2/3，因此，若能增
加商用车队中天然气的消费，不仅可以推广更多的天然气汽车，还有利于降低进口石油成本。
自去年以来，政府为那些未来5年可生产30万辆以上“生态车辆”（节能环保车）的企业提供税收优惠，无论是
国内销售还是用于出口。预计到2010年，生态车辆产量将达到200万辆，其中50-60%供出口。
2008年11月到12月，泰国新增1万辆天然气汽车，新建50座加气站。从2009年1月初到2月底，泰国又增加天然气
汽车12,303辆，加气站2座。截止到今年3月1日，天然气汽车保有量在泰国已达到140,038辆，加气站305座。高
级汽油售价已升至22.44泰铢/升，而压缩天然气仍售8.5泰铢/公斤。
印尼可能将重新实施天然气汽车计划——替代首都雅加达1,5000辆老旧的和/或排放恶化的印度bajaj汽车，
其中5,000辆将在2010年前由印尼唯一bajaj汽车经销商PT Abdi Rahardja公司负责进口。
除了要保障燃气的供应量和加气站网络的完善，政府还要考虑调整对bajaj天然气汽车征收的奢侈品税。因为，b
ajaj车装配的是4冲程天然气发动机，政府将之归结为“新技术”，因此征收奢侈品税。这增加了每辆bajaj车45
%的零售成本。雅加达城市管理当局提出议案，降低中央政府征收的进口税。
除了对购买每辆天然气汽车实行40%的“绿色汽车退款”优惠以及对压缩天然气实行免税的政策延长到2011年外
，新加坡的天然气汽车产业稳步增长。汽车改装厂不仅为用户改装车辆提供优惠价格，还赠送燃料优惠券。据原
来的计划，到2009年第一和第二季度，新加坡在原有3个加气站基础上增加2座新站。其中的一座总共配有38个加
气机，将成为世界上第二大加气站。新加坡的天然气汽车用户在其邻国马来西亚也可以加到气。
马来西亚拥有87个天然气汽车设备进口商和70个经认证的改装厂，它们共存有成千个气瓶和改装套件。该国拥有
40200辆天然气车和100座加气站。与世界其他地区相同，马来西亚的天然气汽车改装率自2008年11月以来呈下降
趋势。然而，该国近期发展目标却几乎已经完成：到2010年达到50,000辆天然气汽车和200座加气站。
其他在天然气汽车产业方面比较活跃的东南亚国家还包括越南，它从韩国购进了500辆天然气客车。而缅甸拥有2
3,000辆天然气车和37座加气站。2007年，缅甸的天然气汽车改装率估计为每月1,000辆。然而多方消息显示，该
国遇到了进口加气站设备的财务问题。尽管菲律宾的天然气公交车项目进展不快，该国的燃气投资商、加气站运
营商和政府认为加气站仍旧是一块潜力的领域。文莱计划今年导入天然气汽车。
在12个东南亚国中，仅仅柬埔寨、东帝汶以及老挝还没有天然气汽车的发展规划。台湾——
有时也被归为东亚国家——
在2005年保有4辆天然气汽车和1座加气站（本期杂志统计栏目中有更多数据），但是还没有开展天然气汽车的任
何活动。
8
April 2009
중국과 동남아시아의 NGV 시장
뉴욕상업거래소에서 4월 원유배급계약이 배럴당 45달러 수준이고 동시에 5월 계약이 배럴당 46.89달러 수준임에도
불구하고 2월 27일 원유가격이 배럴당 45달러 이하로 하락하였다. 일부 전문가들은 2010년까지는 유가가 배럴당 65달러
수준에서 거래될 것을 기대하고 있다. 이것은 NGV산업을 더욱 촉진하는 계기가 될 것이다. 비록 NGV 도입의 성장이 지난
2년 간만큼 빠르거나 큰 규모는 아니지만 많은 NGV 투자자들은 계속해서 아시아 지역 특히 중국, 인도, 이란과 같은
시장들을 큰 잠재지역으로 보고 있다. 예를 들어 작년과 비교하여 NGV도입의 저조한 성장에도 불구하고 태국은 계속해서
2009년 초 두 달 내에 12,303대의 NGV를 추가로 도입시키는 등 보급촉진사례를 보여주고 있다. 아래는 두 특정시장에서
진행되고 있는 가장 최근의 활동이다.
중국은 현재 400,000대의 NGV를 보유한 것으로 추정되고 있다. 개인과 공공분야에서는 NGV 유형과 모델들이 좀 더
다양해질 것으로 생각하고 있다. 현재 개조 또는 OEM 생산의 NGV 대부분은 주로 버스, 트럭, 그리고 승용차량이다.
화물차량을 포함한 특수용도의 차량들이 현재 NGV시장에 도입될 것으로 예상된다.
더 많은 천연가스의 국내자원이 개발되고 있으며 지방과 외국으로부터의 공급이 강화되었다. 충분한 석탄층메탄을 보유한
산시성 지방과 같은 지역은 NGV프로그램을 위한 새로운 잠재시장으로 보여진다. 경기침체와 유가의 하락, CNG와 휘발유
가격의 차액, CNG개발자와 충전소 운영자, NGV제조업자와 kit 및 CNG충전설비간의 가격차이에도 불구하고
Sinoenergy는 2008년도의 상당한 이윤을 보고하였다. 총수익이 480만 달러로 22.8% 증가한 반면 순 매출액은 1590만
달러로 80.9% 증가하였다.
태국은 인도차이나반도에서 물류분야에서 리더쉽 위치를 확보하기 위해 노력하고 있다. 이 나라에서 가장 영향력 있는
물류회사 중 하나인 DHL은 당국이 지원을 활발히 하고 이 지역의 업체들에게 장려금을 제공한다면 태국이 지역의
무역허브가 될 것을 확신하고 있다. 정부의 “녹색”차량 사용노력과 함께 연료가격을 포함한 운영비용의 인상에 강력히
반대하기 위해 DHL은 CNG와 함께 “녹색”차량을 이용하고 있다. 약 140,000대의 NGV를 운행함으로써, 상업용
수송분야는 태국 전체의 천연가스 소비량의 2%만을 사용하고 있다. 상업용 수송분야에서 석유수입의 약 2/3 정도를
사용하기 때문에 이 차량들이 CNG를 이용하는 것은 석유수입비용을 절감하는데 도움이 되며 NGV 프로그램에 크게
기여할 것이다.
지난해 이후 정부는 향후 5년 동안 내수 및 수출용 친환경승용차(연비가 좋으며 환경친화적인)를 300,000대 이상
제작하는 회사에게는 세금혜택을 주고 있다. 2010년까지 200만대의 친환경승용차가 제작될 것으로 기대되며, 50-60%는
해외수출용이 될 것이다.
2008년 11월부터 12월까지 태국 내에 약 10,000대의 NGV와 50개의 충전소를 추가되었다. 2009년 1월 초부터 2월
말까지는 12,303대의 NGV와 2개의 충전소가 추가되었다. 3월 1일 기준으로 이 나라에는 140,308대의 NGV와 305개의
충전소가 운영 중이다. CNG는 8.50/kg에 거래되는 반면 프리미엄 가솔린은 리22.44/litre에 판매되었다.
인도네시아는 자카르타 내에 노후 되거나 또는 대기를 오염시킬 소지가 있는 15,000대의 바자즈(Bajaj) 를 교체하는
CNG바자즈(Bajaj) 프로그램을 재개할 계획이다. 이 중 5,000대는 2010년까지 인도로부터 인도네시아의 바자즈 독점
공급자인 PT Abdi Rahardja에 의해 수입될 예정이다.
CNG충전소의 보급망과 충분한 공급량을 제공하는 것과는 별개로, 이 프로그램의 성공의 여부는 이 바자즈에 사치성
물품에 부과하는 세금을 재고하는 것과 같은 정부의 적극적인 의지에 달려있다. 이 차량들은 4행정엔진과 함께 CNG로
운행되며 정부에서 “신기술”로 분류하기 때문에 사치세가 부과된다. 이는 바자즈 한 대당 소매가를 45% 인상시켰다.
자카르타시 정부는 중앙정부에 수입관세를 낮추어줄 것을 제안하였다.
2011년까지 NGV차량의 구입과 CNG연료비의 면세라는 “녹색 자동차 환급금”의 40% 확장과 더불어 싱가포르는 조금씩
NGV사업을 진척해가고 있다. 차량개조는 아직까지는 개조비용의 특별할인가와 연료할인권을 제공하는 워크숍에서
진행되고 있다. 당초 계획에 따르면 2009년 1분기와 2분기에 각각 현재 3개의 CNG충전소에 추가적으로 두 개의 새로운
충전소가 더 생길 예정이다. 이 중 하나는 38개의 디스펜서를 갖춘 세계에서 두 번째로 큰 충전소이다. 싱가포르내의
NGV 소유주들은 또한, 인접국가인 말레이시아에 있는 충전설비를 이용할 수 있다.
87개의 NGV 관련 부품 수입업체와 70개의 공인개조워크숍을 보유한 말레이시아는 수천 개의 CNG실린더와 개조kit의
재고가 있다. 현재 이 나라에는 약 40,200대의 NGV와 100개가 넘는 충전설비를 보유한다. 전 세계적으로 많은 지역에서
차량 개조율이 2008년 11월 이후로 감소하고 있으며 일부 워크숍들은 그 결과를 받아들이고 있다. 그러나 통계상으로는
2010년 말까지 50,000대의 NGV와 200대의 CNG충전소를 보유한다는
당면 목표에 거의 도달된 상황이다:
한국으로부터 500대의 CNG버스를 구입한 베트남과 23,000대의 NGV와 37개의 CNG충전소를 보유한 미얀마를 포함하여
다른 동남아국가들도 NGV분야에서 활기를 띠고 있다. 2007년에는 미얀마 내의 차량 개조율은 한 달에 1,000대 정도로
추정된다. 그러나 몇 몇 자료에서는 미얀마가 현재 NGV와 충전설비의 수입 및 구입에 필요한 예산 문제에 직면하였다고
언급하였다. 필리핀 내의 CNG버스 프로그램이 현재 미비한 수준으로 진행되고 있지만 가스공급사업과 CNG충전사업에의
잠정적인 투자자들과 지역정부는 충전소분야에서의 큰 가망성을 보고 있다. 브루나이 왕국은 올해 이 사업에 동참할
계획이다.
12개의 동남아시아 국가 중에 오직 캄보디아, 동티모르, 라오스는 아직까지 NGV보급계획이 없다. 타이완-가끔은
동아시아로 분류됨-은 2005년에 4대의 NGV와 1개의 CNG충전소만이 존재하였다(더 자세한 수치는 이 잡지내의 Asian
NGV Communications의 통계면 참고). 그러나 현재 이 나라에는 NGV가 전혀 활성화되고 있지 않다.
10
April 2009
中国および東南アジアにおけるＮＧＶ市場
変動の激しい原油価格は２月２７日に１バレル４５米ドルまで下降した。ニューヨーク・マーカンタイル取引所において４月の原油先物
取引は１バレル４５米ドルであったが、５月分は１バレル４８.８９米ドルとなった。経済アナリストには２０１０年には原油価格が１バレル６５
米ドル程度で取引されると予測しているものもいる。原油価格の上昇はＮＧＶ産業にとって追い風である。ＮＧＶ普及の伸びは過去２
年ほど急速かつ大きくないが、多くのＮＧＶステークホルダーはアジア地域を、特に中国、インドそしてイランを大きな可能性のある市
場と考えている。たとえば、昨年よりＮＧＶ普及速度はゆっくりであるが、タイは２００９年１月から２月にかけて１２,３０３台のＮＧＶを導入
するというＮＧＶ普及の意欲を示している。以下に中国と東南アジアという２つの国・地域で起きた最新の事柄について示す。南アジア
、つまりイラン、インド、パキスタンについては本誌の記事を参照していただきたい。
中国は現在、４０万台のＮＧＶが普及していると推定されている。民間も公的機関もより多くの型式、モデルのＮＧＶが市場に出回るこ
とを期待している。現在、改造車またはＯＥＭ車であるＮＧＶは、そのほとんどがバス、トラック、乗用車である。貨物車を含む特殊車両
がＮＧＶフリートになることが予想されている。
国内資源である天然ガスがどんどん開発され、国内外からの供給が迫っている。山西省のように炭層メタンが豊富な地域はＮＧＶ普
及の新たな可能性がある市場だと考えられている。現在の世界同時不況、原油価格やＣＮＧとガソリンの価格差の低下にもかかわら
ず、ＣＮＧスタンドの設置者や運営者であり、ＮＧＶ，改造キット、ＣＮＧスタンド機器メーカーであるSinoenergy社は、２００８年に黒字で
あったと報告した。売上高は８０.９％増加した１５９０万米ドル、売上総利益は２２.８％増加し、４８０万米ドルであった。
タイは、インドシナ半島での物流においてリーダー的存在を強化しようとしている。タイにおいて最も重要な物流会社の一つであるＤＨ
Ｌ社は、もし、政府が積極的に支援し、物流業界にインセンティブを与えるのであれば、タイは地域の物流のハブになることができると
信じている。政府の「グリーン」ビークル政策に従い、燃料を含む運営コスト上昇と戦いながら、ＤＨＬ社は、ＣＮＧ車を含む「グリーン」
ビークルを使用している。約１４万台のＮＧＶが普及しているが、輸送分野では国内の天然ガス消費のたった２％である。商用輸送用
分野は全輸入原油の約３分の２を消費しているので、輸送用燃料としてＣＮＧを使用することは原油輸入価格の低減の一助になり、Ｎ
ＧＶ普及プログラムに大きく貢献すると考えられる。
昨年から５年間に政府は国内および輸出で３０万台のエコ・カー（低燃費で環境に優しい車）を普及するために税制優遇措置を取っ
ている。２０１０年までに２００万台のエコ・カーが、そのうち５０～６０％は輸出分であるが、生産されると期待されている。
２００８年１１月から１２月までにタイでは１万台のＮＧＶと５０ヶ所のＣＮＧスタンドが設置された。２００９年１月から２月末までに１２,３０３
台のＮＧＶとＣＮＧスタンド２ヶ所がオープンした。３月１日現在、１４０,０３８台のＮＧＶ，３０５ヶ所のＣＮＧスタンドである。ＣＮＧ小売価格
が８.５０バーツ／kgであるが、プレミアムガソリンは２２.４４バーツ／リットルで販売されている。
インドネシアはジャカルタにおいて１万５千台の古い、排ガスが汚れている小型三輪車バジャイをＣＮＧ化するプログラムを再開するか
もしれない。そのうちの５千台はインド製バジャイのインドネシアにおける独占販売を行っているPT Abdi
Rahardja社が２０１０年にインドから輸入することを考えている。充分なＣＮＧスタンドネットワークの整備の必要性は別として、これらの
プログラムの成功は、これらのバジャイにかかる贅沢品税を再考する意志が政府にあるかどうかにかかっている。バジャイは４ストロー
クエンジンを搭載し、ＣＮＧで走るので、政府が「新技術」とみなし、贅沢品税をかけている。この税金はバジャイの小売価格を４５％引
き上げている。ジャカルタ市は政府に対して関税の低減を要求している。
ＮＧＶ購入の際に４０％まで認められる「グリーンビークルリベート」や２０１１年までのＣＮＧに対する燃料税免除とは別に、シンガポー
ルＮＧＶ産業は少しずつ進展し続けている。ＣＮＧ改造は特別な値引き価格と燃料券がついた改造工場で依然として行われている。
計画によると、新たに２ヶ所のＣＮＧスタンドが２００９年第１四半期および第２四半期までに現在の３ヶ所に加わる予定である。そのうち
の１ヶ所はディスペンサーを３８基設置する世界第２位の大きなＣＮＧスタンドになる予定である。シンガポールのＮＧＶオーナーは隣
国であるマレーシアへもＣＮＧを充填しに行くことができる。
ＮＧＶ機器輸入会社８７社、約７０ヶ所の公認改造工場があるマレーシアでは、何千本ものＣＮＧシリンダーと改造キットの在庫がある。
現在、４０,２００台のＮＧＶと１００ヶ所以上のＣＮＧスタンドがある。世界の多くの国々のようにＮＧＶへの改造費用は２００８年１１月以来
下がり続けており、いくつかの改造工場が仕事を継続している。しかしながら、数字的に見ると、直近の普及目標はほぼ達成している
。つまり、２０１０年末までに５万台のＮＧＶと２００ヶ所のＣＮＧスタンドの普及である。
韓国から５００台のＣＮＧバスを購入したベトナムや２万３千台のＮＧＶと３７ヶ所のＣＮＧスタンドがあるミャンマーを含む他の東南アジア
諸国は、ＮＧＶ普及が活発である。２００７年には、ミャンマーでのＣＮＧ改造数は月間１０００台と推定されていた。しかし、情報筋による
と、ミャンマーは現在、ＮＧＶおよびＣＮＧスタンド機器の輸入や購入に対して予算の問題に直面している。フィリピンにおけるＣＮＧバ
スプログラムの進捗は遅いが、ＣＮＧスタンドビジネスへ参入可能性のある投資家や地方政府はＣＮＧスタンドに大きな期待をしている
。ブルネイ・ダルサーム国は今年、ＮＧＶを導入する予定である。
東南アジア１２ヶ国のうち、カンボジア、東チモール、ラオスがまだＮＧＶ導入計画がない。東アジアに入るかもしれないが、台湾では２
００５年にＮＧＶ４台と１ヶ所のＣＮＧスタンドを導入している。しかしながら、現在はＮＧＶがなくなってしまっている。（詳細は本誌のＮＧ
Ｖ普及データページを参照ください。）
12
April 2009
14
April 2009
April 2009
15
16
April 2009
ตลาดเอ็นจีวีในประเทศจีนและเอเชียตะวันออกเฉียงใต
(sweet crude oil) 45 US$/ 27 (US benchmark light) New York Mercantile Exchange
!
"#!%&'* 45 US$/ +',!
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17
18
April 2009
Industri NGV di Cina dan Asia Tenggara
Harga dari minyak mentah turun hingga USD
45/blue barrel (bbl) pada tanggal 27 Februari
di Amerika Serikat. Meskipun demikian,
harga minyak bagi pengiriman bulan April
mencapai USD 45/bbl di New York
Mercantile Exchange, sedangkan konrak
bagi bulan Mei mencapai USD 46.89/bbl.
Beberapa analist mengharapkan bahwa
harga minyak untuk tahun 2010 akan
diperdagangkan sekitar USD 65/bbl. Jika
target ini tercapai, hal ini akan dapat
membantu industri NGV. Meskipun kenaikan
jumlah NGVs pada saat ini tidaklah sebesar
dua tahun terakhir ini, banyak stakeholder
yang masih menganggap Asia sebagai
region berpotensi besar, khususnya pangas
pasar di Cina, India dan Iran. Contohnya,
meskipun tingkat adopsi dan konversi NGV
di Tailand menurun dibandingkan tahun lalu,
12,303 NGVs telah ditambahkan di negara
ini selama 2 bulan pertama tahun 2009.
Aktifitas-aktifitas terbaru di Cina dan Asia
Tenggara dideskripsikan di bawah ini.
Informasi lanjut dari negara-negara di Asia
Selatan --Iran, India, Pakistan—dapat dibaca
di halaman lain dari majalah ini.
Pada saat ini Cina diprediksikan mempunyai
lebih dari 400,000 NGVs. Sektor pemerintah
dan swasta mengharapkan keluarnya
jenis-jenis kendaraan baru yang akan
dilengkapi dengan system NGV, seperti
kendaraan pengangkutan barang dan jenis
kendaraan lainnya. Pada saat ini, sebagian
besar NGVs —buatan pabrik atau yang
dikonversi— adalah bis, truk, dan
mobil/sedan.
Explorasi dari tambang gas local terus
berlanjut, sedangkan supply gas dari dalam
dan luar negeri terus ditingkatkan.
Daerah-daerah berkandungan metan
coal-bed tinggi seperti provinsi Shanxi dilihat
sebagai area dengan potensi baru bagi
pengembangan program NGV. Meskipun
keadaan ekonomi dunia dan Cina serta
harga perbedaadn harga CNG versus
minyak sedang menurun, kontraktor dan
operator dari stasiun CNG dan produser
NGV dan component-componen NGV dan
stasiunnya, Sinoenergy, melaporkan
peningkatan profit di tahun 2008. Sales dari
perusahaan ini meningkat sebanyak 80.9%
menjadi USD 15.9M, sedangakan
keuntungan brutonya meningkat 22.8%
menjadi USD 4.8 million.
Tailand mencoba menguatkan kedudukan
utamanya di bidang logistic di Indochina.
Salah satu perusahaan logistic utama, DHL,
yakin bahwa Tailand akan menjadi regional
trade hub jika pemerintah menawarkan
suportnya secara aktif kepada pihak logistik.
Sejalan dengan program “kendaraan ramah
lingkungan” dari pemerintah dan dalam
rangka menurunkan harga pengeporasian
kendaraan yang makin meningkat, DHL
menggunakan kendaraan berbahan bakar
alteratif termasuk NGVs. Dengan adanya
140,000 NGVs, 2% dari konsumsi gas alam
(NG) Tailand digunakan oleh sektor transport.
Karena segmen transport komersil
menggunakan sekitar 2/3 bagian dari total
import minyak negara, penggunaan CNG di
sector ini akan sangat membantu
pengurangan import minyak dan membantu
kesusksesan program CNG.
Sejak tahun lalu, pemerintah menyediakan
diskon pajak bagi perusahaan-perusahaan
yang menawarkan 300,000 eco-mobil (yang
menggunakan bahan bakar secara efisien
serta ramah lingkungan) bagi sales lokal dan
eksport dalam lima tahun mendatang.
Diharapkan pada tahun 2010, 2 juta
eco-mobil akan diproduksi yang mana 5060% akan dieksport.
Dari November-December 2008, sekitar
10,000 NGVs dan 50 stasiun CNG
ditambahkan di Tailand. Dari permulaan
Januari ke akhir Februari 2009, telah
ditambahkan 12, 303 NGVs dan 2 stasiun.
Pada tanggal 1 Maret, Tailand mempunyai
140,038 NGVs dan 305 stasiun.
Bensin premium dijual seharga 22.44/liter
sedangakan harga CNG tetap stabil 8.50/kg.
Program CNG bajaj Indonesia diharapkan
(oleh pihak swasta) akan kembali aktifDalam
program ini, 15,000 bajaj tua di Jakarta akan
diganti dengan CNG bajaj, yang mana 5,000
unit diharapkan akan diimport dari India di
tahun 2010 oleh distributor bajaj tunggal
Indonesia, PT Abdi Rahardja. Suksesnya
program ini tergantung dari memadaina
jumlah pump stasiun CNG dan niat
pemerintah untuk meninjau lagi
kebijaksanaanya dimana CNG bajaj
dikenakan pajak ”luxury goods”. Karena
bajaj-bajaj ini dilengkapi dengan mesin 4-tak
dan berbahan bakar CNG, pemerintah
mengklasifikasikan kendaraan ini sebagai
kendaraan berteknologi tinggi dan dikenakan
pajak Luxuty goods. Dengan adanya pajak
ini, harga CNG bajaj meningkat sebanyak
45%. Pemerintah pusat Jakarta telah
mengajukan proposal ke pemerintah pusat
agar mereka menurunkan import pajak yang
bersangkutan.
Selain dari perpanjangan dari 40% “Green
Vehicles Rebate” bagi tiap pembelian NGV
dan pengecualian pajak bagi bahan bakar
CNG (0% pajak), bisnis NGV di Singapura
terus berkembang sedikit demi sedikit.
Konversi kendaraan masih aktif dilakukan
dan sebagian konversi workshop
menawarkan spesial diskon untuk konversi
kendaraan dan voucher bahan bakar.
Menurut rencana semula, dua staiun CNG
baru akan ditambahkan selama Q1 dan Q2
tahun ini, melengkapi 3 stasiun yang telah
beroperasi. Salah satu dari dua stasiun
tersebut akan menjadi fasilitas CNG terbesar
kedua di dunia, dilengkapi dengan 38
dispensing unit. Pemilik NGVs di Singapura
juga mempunyai akses ke stasiun CNG di
negara tetangganya, Malaysia.
Malaysia mempunyai 87 importer bagi
komponen-komponen NGV dan sekitar 70
pusat pemodifikasian kendaraan ke NGVs
(conversion workshop), negara ini masih
mempunyai stock dari ribuan CNG cilinder
dan conversion kits. Malaysia mempunyai
40,200 NGVs dan lebih dari 100 stasiun
CNG. Seperti di banyak negara lainnya,
jumlah modifikasi kendaraan ke NGVs telah
menurun sejak November 2008 dan
beberapa workshop mengalami impak besar.
Meskipun begitu, jika kita berpandu pada
data statistik, target Malaysia untuk
mengoperasikan 50,000 NGVs dan 200 stasiun
CNG pada tahun 2010 hampir tercapai.
Negara-negara Asia Tenggara lainnya yang
aktif di industri NGV termasuk Vietnam, yang
baru saja membeli 500 bis CNG dari Korea
Selatan, dan Myanmar dengan 23,000 NGVs
dan 37 stasiun CNG. Di tahun 2007, tingkat
modifikasi di Myanmar diperkirakan
sebanyak 1,000 unit/bulan. Beberapa
sumber menyatakan bahwa negara ini
sedang menghadapi masalah budgetting
bagi import/pembelian komponen-komponen
NGV/stasiun. Meskipun program bis CNG di
Filipina berjalan dengan lambat, banyak
investor dan pemerintah melihat prospek
besar di segmen pompa stasiun. Brunei
Darussalam diharapkan memulai bisnis NGV
tahun ini..
Dari 12 negara Asia Tenggara, hanya
Kamboja, Timor Timur dan Laos East Timor,
Laos yang belum mempunyai rencana untuk
mengadopsi NGVs di armada kendaraan
mereka. Taiwan—yang kadang dikategorikan
sebagai negara Asia Timur—mempunyai 4
NGVs dan1 stasiun CNG di tahun 2005 (lihat
data selengkapnya di bagian statistic dari
majalah Asian NGV Communications). Tetapi
tidak ada industri NGV tidaklha aktif di
Taiwan pada saat ini
April 2009
19
China 2009, an outlook of the NGV industry
Since 1998, the NGV
industry in China has
experienced several stages
of development supported
by the national R&D,
Demonstration and
Promotion Programmes. So
far, there is an estimate of
more than 400,000 NGVs
running in China. The high
growth reveals that China is
a potentially big market of
NGVs. In 2009, what will it
be like for the industry? The
author holds the following
opinions based on his own
perspectives.
Shifting from
government-driven to
market-driven
For the cities where NGV
and its infrastructure
technologies are mature and
largely applied, the driving
force from the government
side in terms of energy
saving and environment
protection will be weaker
than that from the market
focusing on price
performance ratio of
products. At present CNG is
better positioned than LPG in
terms of price and quality.
Under this condition, it can
be expected more owners
will buy OEM NGVs or
convert their vehicles to
NGVs.
NGV types enriched
Based on the judgment of
point “a” above, and China’s
policy to expand NGV usage
in different transport sectors,
to meet demands in different
market segments, it is also
expected that besides buses
and taxis, more types of
vehicles using NG will be
offered. The expected new
types of vehicles include
utility vehicles, postal
vehicles, and other special
purpose vehicles. In
Chongqing, one of the
biggest NGV markets in
The author, Willis Guan from
Clean Vehicle Productivity
Center
China, although the local
government has strictly
controlled the conversion of
private cars to NGVs, more
OEM bi-fuel NG cars are
now available for the market.
Electric NGVs
Another important
development in the NGV
technology in the country is
that hybrid NG/electric
vehicles are emerging in the
market. It comes from a
background that China is
proactively promoting energy
efficient and new (alternative)
energy vehicles, in which
hybrid gasoline or diesel /
electric vehicles and battery
electric vehicles (EVs) are the
most important products to
use in demonstrations and
promote. In line with the
policy, several local
manufacturers are
cooperating with foreign
hybrid-system suppliers, to
develop hybrid NG buses for
project demonstration. They
might also get subsidies for a
trial project from the
government. These products
are claimed to be able to
save more fuel than
dedicated - or bi-fuel NGVs.
Natural gas supply
diversified
Gas supply is a very
important factor for a
sustainable development of
the NGV industry. In recent
years, China has actively
enriched its sources of NG
both domestically and
internationally. With the
construction of second West
–East Gas Pipeline kicked
off, more cities will get the
chance to use this clean fuel
in the near future.
Furthermore, some areas in
China--such as Shanxi
Province--are rich in
coal-bed methane. This
offers an opportunity to
introduce NGVs in the
surrounding areas.
20
April 2009
China CNG market analysis
China Fuels Price
In RMB /L
Premium Gasoline
Regular Gasoline
Diesel
LPG
5,26
4,95
4,45
3,62
Location by
CNG Fuel price
Province & Cities in RMB/NM3
By: Major Chu, Senior Business
Development Manager Asia
Pacific
Alternative fuels and CNG,
Emerson Process Management
Co.,Ltd. The firm offers a quick
product delivery, fast warranty
replacement, and CNG
customer training.
Overview
After 10 years of rapid development in
China since 1998, NGV industry now is
growing even faster in terms of
infrastructure, resources, OEM
suppliers, technologies, etc. There are
more than 400,000 vehicles and 1,300
CNG plus 12 LNG stations available in
more than 20 provinces and cities of
China. And in coming years, it might
further increase by 15%-20% more in
vehicle segment and 20%-25% in
station fuelling sector.
The following analysis will cover NGV
statistics, motivations, energy profile,
resources, SWOT, OEMs, future outlook
plans to give NGV stakeholders in
China a better understanding about
Chinese CNG and LNG market.
The panorama
NGV
➢ Compared to the past years, the NGV
population has increased from 330,000
to over 400,000 units. It is targeted that
by 2010, China will have 500,000
NGVs.
➢ About 63% of the present NGV
population in the country is car/LDVs,
31% is public buses, 6% is other type
vehicles, such as trucks & trailers
(HVDs). It can also be seen as 48%
consisting of taxis, 18% public buses,
6% trucks and trailers and 28% society
vehicles such as private cars, school
1
Anhui
2.87-3.5
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Beijing *
Chongqing *
Guang dong
Guang xi
Hainan
Hebei
Heilongjiang
Henan
Hubei
Hunan
Inner Mongolia
Jiangsu
Jilin
Liaoning
Ningxia
Shanxi
Shandong
Shandong Dongying
Shanghai *
Shaanxi
Sichuan
Tianjin *
Xinjiang
Zhejiang
2.7-2.9
1,98
3.8-4.6
3.97-5.5
3.2-3.4
2.2-2.8
3.6-3.7
3,3
3,35
3,35
2.17-2.98
3.28-3.5
3.2-3.7
3.2-3.6
2,3
3.0-3.2
2.8-3.85
1.6-1.8
3,65
2,65
2.0-2.7
2,95
1.3-2.2
3,4
* City is direct under the jurisdiction of
Central Government
buses, companies’ fleets, etc.
Fuels Price
➢ Gasoline & diesel price in China is
guided by Committee of National
Development & Improvement. The
prices are almost similar all over China.
➢ CNG price is really different among
provinces and cities. It mostly depends
on the gas supply, cost of
transportation and the compensation
from the local government.
Stations
➢ There are about 1,300 -1,350 stations
in China right now and they will
continue to increase by 300-350
stations per year.
➢ About 85% stations is owned by
public company, such as CNPC,
Sinopec, CNOOC, China fuels Gas Co.,
Xinao Fuel Gas, etc. Around 15% is
owned by private sector.
➢ Although CNG station population
develops rapidly in some areas
especially in Sichuan, Xinjiang, Shanxi,
Henan, Hebei and Shandong Provinces,
some cities have to stop (postpone) the
expansion due to limitation of local
infrastructure, some issues with NG
resources and the high cost of station
maintenance, etc. This happens
particularly in big cities like Shanghai,
Beijing and Guilin, (some stations have
closed). Hopefully the energy program
with CNG or LNG restarts once things
improve.
CNG Stations
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Location by
location
Anhui
Beijing *
Chongqing *
Guang dong
Guang xi
Hainan
Hebei
Heilongjiang
Henan
Hubei
Hunan
Inner Mogolia
Jiangsu
Jilin
Liaoning
Ningxia
Sanxi
Shandong
Shanghai *
Shanxi
Sichuan
TianJin *
Xinjiang
Zhejiang
Total
# of Stations
by Jan 09
49
35
75
10
3
17
50
15
62
71
39
51
42
45
27
26
45
200
5
126
220
5
100
6
1324
* City is direct under the jurisdiction of
Central Government
LNG Stations
# of Stations by
Jan 09
3
3
2
2
2*
1
1
Location by location
HaiKou
ShenZhen
ZanJiang
Gui Yang
ChangSha
Beijing
HangZhou
April 2009
NGV Manufacture and OEMs
CNG Vehicles
➢ In 2006, 30.5% NGVs was supplied
by vehicle manufacturers and 69.5%
was converted in conversion
workshops. Presently, OEM NGVs share
rose to 45%-50%, especially in new taxi
and the passengers’ bus segments.
Those LDVs/taxis are mainly produced
by JETTA of FAW-VOLKSWAGEN,
Shanghai CHERY, Chong Qing LIFA,
Ford Mondeo and Elysee of Dongfeng
CITROEN, etc. For passengers’ bus,
the main players are Kinglong and Higer
with CNG engine from Wancai Power,
Yucai Engine Group and Cummins,
while 90% of CNG kits and other
components used by OEM NGVs are
imported from Italy. However there are
still a lot vehicles converted by CNG
workshops, such as private cars,
school cars, etc.
All cars use Bifuel gasoline/CNG system, while most buses use dedicated
CNG. For those converted vehicles,
over 90% kits and components used in
the vehicles are made locally.
➢ China also exported some OEM
NGVs to South and South-East Asian
21
countries like Pakistan and Thailand in
2008.
➢ Conversion cost used to be 4,0006,000RMB for cars and 9,000-12,000
RMB for bigger vehicles-- depending on
the capacity and performance of
vehicles cylinder. For further details,
please refer to www.CAFV.com
CNG Compressor
➢ In early 2000, the major part of CNG
station like compressor, dispenser, was
mainly imported from Italy, Canada and
Argentina as the total package. After
several years learning and developing,
the local supplier became the major
player in China, like Chengdu Jinxing,
Zigong Tongda, ChongQing
Compressor, Bengfu Compressor and
Wuxi Compressor, etc., even a lot are
exporting to the Country in Middle East.
Dispenser market
➢ China OEMs dispensers used to be
the gasoline dispenser suppliers in 90’s.
They started producing CNG dispensers
since 2000 by learning the technology
from the industry and other markets.
Nowadays, they are masters at the
dispenser technology of flow
measurement and electronics control unit.
➢ To create higher dispenser
performance, as key part of flow
measurement, CNG050 Micro Motion
Coriolis Mass flow meter is chosen by
most OEMs. Eugen Seitz valves,
Swagelok fittings and tubes and Parker
filling heads are widely used by OEMs
as well.
➢ So far, there are more than 10
dispenser OEMs in China, but 80% of
the market is occupied by 2 OEMs in
Sichuan area – Chendu Houpu and
Continue to page 22
22
April 2009
Continued on page 21
Chongqing Silian. Others are shared by
Chomgqing Juchchuang, and Beijing
Changkong, etc.
➢ The most important aspect is that 2
national level regulations for CNG
dispenser manufacture have been
issued: GB/T 19237-2003 and JJG
996-2005. These focus more on
metering inspection and give much
clearer procedure on meter calibration
and verification.
➢ CNG station network SCADA system is
more accepted by CNG end users, and
more and more selected by customers.
SWOT analysis
Strengths
➢ Abundant NG resources compared to
crude oil reserves
➢ A lot of experiences with NGV
industry since 1998
➢ Government support
➢ R&D capabilities of full NGV products
and technologies.
➢ Clear regulations from national
technology supervision department on
NGV industry
Weaknesses
➢ Lack of bureaucracy for NGV industry
➢ CNG price difference could be the
barrier to further development of NGV
sector
➢ High competition in NGV equipment
sector that is out of order could kill
some OEMs.
➢ Technology service in NGV industry
needs to be improved considerably
Opportunities
➢ More and more cities and areas are
using NG as alternative fuel
➢ NGV is more accepted and preferred
by people in China
➢ The infrastructure in North West
China is improved with pipeline
construction and further development of
the NGV industry
➢ Export of (OEM) NGVs and
technology (equipment and system) to
overseas.
Challenges
➢ NGV coverage to be further enlarged
➢ More funding to be invested in the
pipeline and sub-pipeline construction
➢ Network management of CNG
refueling stations
➢ Unreasonable price competition in
NGV equipment sector
➢ To balance CNG vs. LPG usage in
some areas.
➢ Management of CNG conversion
workshop
Energy profile
➢ China is the second largest country in
the world that has huge energy
demand. Looking at the current energy
production capacity and consumption,
China still needs to import oil and NG.
➢ In 2007, 19 M tonnes crude oil were
imported and 1.94 M was exported.
Compared to the other developed
countries, China’s NG consumption is
not significant. Although coal is still the
prime energy, several big natural gas
field discoveries in North-West,
South-West and Inner Mongolia during
the recent years accelerated NG
resources development and utilization.
➢ Chinese (energy) experts forecasted
that by 2010, the total gas demand in
the country could reach up to 110B
Nm3, and the local supply capacity
could reach 94B Nm3. There are still
16B Nm3 to be imported.
➢ LNG terminals around the South, East
coast and Yellow Sea coast will fill up
the gap of gas supply. LNG could be
used for power plant and peak load
control in city network in the city gate.
There are quite a lot of NG power
plants that will be built along with LNG
terminals. There are some cities near
the South coast already initiating LNG
vehicle programme, such as those in
Guangdong & Hainan Provinces.
April 2009
23
Conclusion with future outlook
Analysis of whole country Nature Gas demand
Future price analysis
By 2015
Region
Low
High
South and East Coast 3,26
3,55
3,4
3,39
3,15
East of Yangzi River 2,82
AVE
Bohai Bay
2,78
3,22
3
Central & South
2,76
2,19
2,99
2,85
2,82
North East
2,66
South West
2,2
2,4
2,3
Central West
2,16
2,44
2,3
North West
2,08
2,3
2,19
With NG resources and infrastructure
developing further in China, the clean
LNG and CNG will be more and more
preferred by consumers. The following
key factors could speed up the success
of NGV industry.
➢ Natural Gas utilization-Percentage of
Primary Energy
➢ The rapid installation of sub-pipeline
to cities and towns
➢ Favourable CNG price versus gasoline and diesel prices
➢ Local government promotion/campaign and supports
➢ Environment protection programmes
in big cities.
There is no specified target from central
government regarding NGV and station
population. However, by end 2008,
some new organizations formed under
CNPC and CNOOC will focus on the
NG utilization. Consequently, some
cities and towns have been designated
to become important developing
regions.
Based on the above-mentioned
reasons, the author believes that
500,000 NGVs and 2,000 NG stations
could be achieved by 2010.
24
April 2009
NGV outlook and challenges in Thailand
The biggest CNG refuelling station in the world is located in Bangkok. It has 44 nozzles
Thailand started pilot NGV projects
during 1984-1992 by introducing NGVs
to Thai motorists to reduce emissions in
the Bangkok area. The prime target
users are owners of heavy-duty
diesel-engine bus fleets. Five buses
under the Bangkok Mass Transit
Authority (BMTA) were converted to
CNG and three other trials involved the
conversion of in-use buses and trucks
to dedicated CNG and diesel/CNG
dual-fuel system by means of a gas
mixer. These trials’ result was not
favourable for the fleet owners in terms
of fuel economy and drivability.
At that time, there was one small
on-line refuelling station.
In 1993, the poor performance of the
diesel buses encouraged the Thai
government to fund BMTA to purchase
82 OEM dedicated CNG buses.
At the same time, PTT invested in a
fast-fill on-line CNG refuelling station,
designed to serve these buses at their
depots. Despite the satisfactory
performance, CNG quality problems
came from the variation of quality of
natural gas from the Gulf of Thailand.
These problems have been partially
solved while other solutions are
ongoing. Fleet performance proved
moderately attractive in economy’s
view, but their exhaust emission proved
a good success.
At the same period, both heavy-duty
vehicles and passenger cars were
converted to run on CNG. The first
CNG marketing programme for 100
taxis began with their successful
conversion to the bi-fuel system for
simplicity and reliability.
As the programme was warmly
accepted by taxies, PTT expanded this
promotion to 1,000 and, later, 3,000
taxis during 2002 – 2004. A total of 12
refueling stations were installed,
consisting of 2 mother stations, 2
conventional stations, and 8 daughter
refuelling stations.
Since 2005, CNG has become the fuel
of choice to cope with the current and
future circumstances characterised by
high, volatile oil prices as well as limited
oil reserves. The government has
revised its energy policy. Like many
other countries with domestic gas
April 2009
25
The prospect of Asian market in 2009
As for the Asia NGV market we do
see tremendous potential in the
CNG Sector, provided the
government of the respective country
along with the regulatory body take
the initiative to set adequate
infrastructure for CNG refuelling and
conversion networks.
The Fuel Price Factor does play a
crucial role in the progress made by
this sector, however we are confident
that the 20-year outlook and
measures taken by various countries
By Punnachai Footrakul, Vice
President-NGV Marketing Department,
PTT Public Co., Ltd.
reserves, Thailand has now diligently
promoted indigenous alternative fuels to
replace oil. Gasohol, bio diesel, and
Natural Gas were singled out as major
alternative fuels in transport sector to
cushion the impacts of high oil prices.
Of the three, natural gas has emerged
as the fuel of choice, since NGV
technology and NG usage in vehicles
have been developed for some time
already.
The high world crude oil price affected
the continuous increase in volume of
CNG sale in Thailand as described by
the below graph. As you can see, the
CNG sales volume was only at 180
tonnes per day in 2006 but doubled to
390 tonnes per day in 2007 and
increased tremendously to 1,145
tonnes per day in 2008 and 3,000
tonnes per day in 2009. Although the
Dubai crude oil price has been
decreasing from the midyear of 2008,
you can notice that the CNG sale
volume is still growing during the
presently decreasing rate of oil.
to promote CNG sector will continue to
grow, no doubt there will be some
fluctuations in demand in the short term
but the long term prospect do look
promising.
Aditya Agicha, Director, Associate High
Pressure Technologies Pvt ltd, Cylinder
manufacturer, India
“Although the worldwide economic
downturn also will affect NGV market
development, the key driving forces of
fuel and technology – economics,
energy security, and the environment
– should allow the industry to sustain
a reasonable level of continued
expansion in most markets that now
are active.
However, as the market continues to
expand, the industry will need to
focus more on quality control and
training, to ensure that the
standards of excellence and safety
are maintained at the highest levels.”
Dr. Jeffrey M. Seisler, CEO, Clean Fuels
Consulting, Belgium
26
April 2009
NGV stakeholders’ opinions
“I think Asian NGV Communications
can be considered the premier NGV
industry publication in Asia.
The statistics section is particularly
useful to monitor market by market their
characters and progresses.
Every month I look forward to reading
informative articles from all corners of
Asia about industry milestones and
expansion.”
Ryan Freer, Business Development, NGVI
(Thailand) Co., Ltd., Thailand and South
Korea
“The Asian NGV Communications is a
valuable document where people can
understand the Asian market situation.”
Giuliano Vallini, CEO, Rainbow CNG
Systems, China and Thailand
“In my opinion, Asian NGV
Communications is an efficient and
powerful tool for the people of the NGV
industry to learn about the related
information they need. It's worth
reading.
And it can always give confidence to
the NGV industry in the world.”
Willis Guan, Clean Vehicle Productivity
Center, China
Asian NGV magazine is very
informative about market activities,
market developments, active market
players.
Further new products related to the
industry are shown. It is a good
platform for advertising your own
products. I appreciate your efforts in
publishing the magazine in different
languages, even though I only read the
English part.
Very informative are the statistics at the
back of the magazine.
It clearly shows how our industry is
developing and where new investments
are being made.
Michael Schuker, OEM Sales Manager,
Endress+Hauser Flowtec AG, flowmeter
for CNG and LPG
Special reports of
May edition
• HDV market and its FUELING FACILITIES
• Pre-GNV2009 expo: Product &
brand name introduction by exhibitors
June edition
• Asian buyer in Europe
• Market reviews: current and future
projects and targets
• Extra magazine distribution in
GNV2009 Madrid expo, Spain
July edition
• COMPRESSOR and DISPENSER
manufacturer’s views
August edition
• The world of VEHICLE
CONVERSION segment
September edition
• Asian export-import with North and
South America
• Extra magazine distribution in the
1st Latin American Summit of NGV
and Alternatives Fuels in Peru
For advertisement/publications and
more information on further editions,
please contact: [email protected]
Visit our website: www.asiangv.com
April 2009
Changi Airport to employ 1,000 NGVs
Despite of the slow down in NGV
adoption/vehicle conversion during the
past few months, CNG programme in
Singapore is expected to take off soon.
The authorities of Changi airport in the
country are studying the possibility to
power about 1,000 ground-handling
vehicles with CNG. These vehicles,
such as forklifts, baggage tractors and
aircraft tow trucks, are mainly fuelled by
diesel, at present.
The first trial vehicles are expected to
be delivered around April. The airport
already has a CNG forklift—belongs to
cargo operator CargoTec--has already
in service plus the recently purchased
one unit CNG baggage-tractor made-in
China. To facilitate these “clean”
vehicles, a mobile CNG-refuelling
station will be installed at a site with
direct access to Changi Airport.
The vehicles are supplied by Asian
Micro Holdings, a Singapore-listed
maker of computer components that is
diversifying into CNG-powered
transportation.
Victor Lim the chief executive of the
vehicle supplier, Asian Micro, said that
up to ten NGVs will be delivered for a
three-month trial. The mobile refuelling
station that they will supply is a
converted CNG transporter with gas
storage capacity of 1,000 litres, able to
refuel about eight vehicles per day.
C Melchers GmbH & Co, a conversion
workshop and dealer of German's
Mulag CNG baggage tractors, is also
keen to provide NGVs to Changi as
well, and plan to approach the Civil
Aviation Authority of Singapore (CAAS)
and various airport ground handlers.
The CAAS is studying the possibility to
construct a permanent CNG station.
Mr Johnny Harjantho, managing
director of refueller Smart Energy, said
that they can build the station within a
period of three months.
He mentioned that ideally, the station
should be accessible to CNG taxi
operators, to increase the feasibility of
the station.
27
28
April 2009
NGVs users in Singapore need CNG
stations in every area of the country
By mid 2009, Singapore would have 5 CNG refuelling
stations of which 3 were already opened during the past
year(s). Despite of the size of the country, with only 707.1
km2 in total, 5 CNG stations are considered not sufficient by
natural gas vehicles users, particularly by taxi drivers.
These drivers expect that at least each area in the country is
facilitated by gas stations. Singapore is currently divided into
55 urban planning areas, organised into five regions: Central,
East, North, North-East, and West region.
Mr. Tan Soon Chye, the general manager of Prime Taxis that
has a fleet of 450 CNG taxis, suggested that gas stations
should be installed in a central area like Bukit Merah.
He also expects that the government will offer some
incentives to encourage people to convert their cars to NGVs,
either to be used as private cars or as taxis. He concluded
that this could accelerate CNG programme in Singapore.
As per January this year, there were 1,009 CNG taxis and
about 2,500 other CNG vehicles in the country facilitated by
only three CNG stations in Mandai Link, Jalan Buroh and
Jurong Island. Queues are more commonly being seen in
these stations, especially those in Mandai Link and in Jurong
Island. The fuelling challenge is not only a question of
network/distribution coverage, but also dispensing capacity
and fuelling time. For example, since the end of February this
year, only four out of sixteen dispensing units in the Mandai
station work, causing an hour queue for each car.
The station had relied on a secondary compressor as a
back-up. Due to the lower output capacity of the secondary
compressor, it can only handle four dispensers
simultaneously, according to Smart Energy, the owner of this
station.
The firm has purchased another compressor system to
upgrade the current setup.
The other issue is maintenance of the station.
The fuelling facility in Jurong Island broke down in January
2008 and lasted for two weeks.
A careful and thorough planning in installing a CNG fuelling
station is highly crucial. Investors might want to consider
buying a more costly but with higher capacity and/or higher
quality fuelling system, avoiding unnecessary additional
cost and ensuring an excellent and continuous fuel
dispensing service. Also consider about the potential and
desired expansion plan in advance, even at the first stage of
the construction plan.
24 al 26 de Septiembre, 2009
September 24-26, 2009
Jockey Plaza Convention Center
Lima, Perú / Peru
I Cumbre Latinoamericana de
GNV y Combustibles Alternativos
I Latin American Summit of
NGV and Alternative Fuels
Sponsors Silver
Convoca
Hosted by:
Sponsors Bronze
Auspicia
Supported by
www.expognvperu.com
[email protected]
Organiza
Organized by:
April 2009
29
Three new stations are
yet to be opened in Jakarta
In Indonesia, PT Aksara Andalan Prima has built three new CNG
stations in the Jakarta City; two units in East Jakarta and one
more in the Northern part of the city.
In Indonesia, PT Aksara Andalan Prima
has built three new CNG stations in the
Jakarta City; two units in East Jakarta
and one more in the Northern part of
the city.
The construction of these fuelling
facilities was completed about half-a
year ago but those are yet to be
opened. PT Aksara is waiting for PT
Perusahaan Gas Negara (PGN, the
state-owned gas company) to integrate
its pipeline into Aksara’s compressor.
When this is done, then PT Pertamina
will be able to supply the gas.
According to Nurhaskim, technical
manager of PT Aksara, PT PGN would
like to settle certain gas issues with
other CNG station operators before
starting supplying gas to the new
stations. However, other six stations get
their gas supply with no problem, as
confirmed by Transjakarta head Daryati
Asrining Rini. Transjakarta is also the
operator of public NCG buses in this
capital city.
The Governor of Jakarta, Fauzi Bowo,
said that the city administration would
soon issue detailed information about
the delay in the gas supply and will
solve the problem soon. Bowo informed
that the characteristics of every CNG
station are different and, thus, there are
different procedures and measures in
these new stations. He stated that the
delay was not caused by the
administration’s debts (of the existing
stations) to PGN.
The new stations were expected to
reduce the bus queues in the existing 7
stations in the city, and thus lowering
the whole fuelling (and queuing) process
time. Nowadays, many bus drivers have
to wait for about 20 minutes before they
can refill their vehicles, which is not
favourable to both bus operators and
passengers. These CNG buses, 355
units in total, are owned by
Transjakarta. In 2008, the bus operator
reported using 3 hours out of its 17
hours daily operation for the daily refuelling process.
These CNG buses run on 6 out of 7
busways, in which Corridor 1 is a special busway for diesel buses while the
rest are for CNG buses.
Indonesia was reported to have 12
CNG stations in October 2006. After
several stations were closed down, 6-7
stations remained opened by December
2007. As reported by Asian NGV
Communications, in March 2008
Jakarta had 9 refuelling stations opened
for public. By June 2008, the
construction of the three new stations
was completed.
As in 2006 the city (administration) and
PGN agreed to build 77 natural gas
stations, there should be about 72 more
stations yet to be built. No deadline is
set yet.
The new stations were believed to have
the capacity to serve 900 Transjakarta
buses, 16,732 taxis, 4,700 public
minivans and 247 minibuses.
30
April 2009
Crude oil price increased, NG price decreased
Crude price for April delivery made on
March 9th rose to 48.83 USD/bbl and
closed at 47.07 USD/bbl on the New
York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX).
The May contract increased by??? USD
0.34 to 48.06 USD/bbl. This has been
the highest figure of the last two
months.
On the other hand, NG price continues
to decline, down 2% or USD 0.08 to
3.87 USD/MMbtu on NYMEX. Pritchard
Capital Partners stated that this year,
gas futures prices declined by 31% and
are 72% below the highest point on
July 2nd, 2008 of 13.69 USD/Mcf.
The March trend showed that when
premarket oil price was up, natural gas
price dropped, said Raymond James,
an energy analyst.
The average price for OPEC's basket of
12 reference crudes gained USD 0.99
to 44.14 USD/bbl on March 9th.
Olivier Jakob at Petromatrix, a
Swiss-based independent research
group specialised in the oil markets,
said that if Saudi Arabia wishes to have
75 USD/bbl oil, an additional cut in oil
production is required. Stanley Reed,
the Bureau Chief of Business Week
London, said that Iran probably would
like to see oil price at 80 USD/bbl and
Venezuela at 100 USD/bbl.
Jakob indicated that at this stage, it
does seem that the next Ordinary
OPEC meeting in Vienna (15 March
2009) would result in further cut in oil
quota than those that have been
decided during the 151st (Extraordinary)
Meeting of the OPEC Conference in
Oran City, Algeria. During a series of
extraordinary meetings, OPEC
members have announced cuts of
500,000 barrel/day in September 2008.
During the October meeting, the target
was set at 1.5 M barrel/day cut for
November 2009 and afterwards a new
cut of 2.2 M barrel/day was introduced.
The OPEC-11 member countries
decided during the Oran-151st meeting
to bundle the cut in oil production quota
mentioned aboved so that the total cut
now is as much as 4.2 M barrel/day
effective January 1st, 2009.
The reference output was that of
September 2008, when 29.045 M
barrel/day oil was produced by the
OPEC-11.
demand would go further (and causing
a drop in oil price).
The decision to cut the production
quota was made based on several
factors such as the current global
financial crisis, the world economic
situation and their impacts on the oil
market. The financial crisis has
significantly affected the world
economy, weakening energy demand in
general, and oil in particular.
The OPEC-11 consists of Algeria,
Angola, Ecuador, I. R. Iran, Kuwait,
Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia,
UAE, and Venezuela. Saudi Arabia was
reported to be already moving toward
the cut while Venezuela and Iran are yet
to meet the agreed quota. Reed said
that the world was most probably using
the 2.5 M barrel/day less oil than that of
the same period last year.
He concluded that although many
people are keen to see global economic
condition recover in the second half of
2009, he thinks that it will take longer
than that.
The slowdown in oil demand is also
caused by the over-supply of crude oil
that has been taking place for some
time. During the fourth quarter of 2008,
OPEC forecasted that the fall in
Oil & Gas price forecast for 2009 and 2010
Taking into consideration of the
still-ongoing global economic
downturn, the US Energy Information
Administration short-term energy
outlook shows its projection for
average oil price in West Texas
Intermediate in 2009 to reach the
level of 42 USD/bbl, and 53 USD
/bbl for 2010. Average annual world
oil consumption is projected to
decline almost 1.4 million barrel/day
this year.
The economic downturn in the US
has also affected global oil demand
and thus, influenced oil price.
The pricing point for natural gas
futures contracts traded on the New
York Mercantile Exchange (So-called
Henry Hub) is projected to go down
to about 4.70 USD/Mcf in 2009, from
an average of 9.13 USD/Mcf in 2008.
It is expected that by 2010, the pirce
will rise again to an average of almost
5.90 USD/Mcf.
April 2009
31
A quick glance at the South Asian market
In February, the Pakistani government announced that the
Oil and Gas Regulatory Authority (OGRA) Ordinance 2002
was amended by adding a sub-section 43B on sale price of
CNG, allowing OGRA to determine and notify prices of CNG
in the same manner it fixes gasoline and diesel prices.
The adjustment is now called “OGRA (Amendment)
Ordinance 2009”.
In the past, the selling price of CNG was controlled by “CNG
Station Owners Association”.
In the near future, OGRA will decide regarding the pricing
structure of CNG. Even before this new ordinance was
released, cost of uncompressed natural gas was set by gas
utility companies, Sui Northern and Sui Southern.
Meanwhile, CNG consumers demanded that authorities to
either reduced CNG prices below Rs 40/kg or promoted
gasoline ranging between Rs35 and Rs 40/litre.
The All Pakistan CNG Association expects that the
government will cut CNG price from Rs 48.50- Rs 50/kg in
January-February to around Rs 43/kg in March. Previously,
CNG was sold at Rs 44.50/kg
All Pakistan CNG Association Vice Chairman, Ghiyas
Abdullah Paracha, said that the association was demanding
that there should be a 20% price differential between CNG
and gasoline to sustain the volume of CNG sales. Since
January this year, gasoline and diesel have been sold at Rs
57.84/litre and Rs 57.22/litre.
In the safety sector, the authority has imposed Rs 8,000 fines
each to owners of two CNG stations in Islamabad for keeping
expired extinguishers in their sites.
Toyota Kirloskar Motor of India has launched a new CNG
variant of Innova in the local market. Toyota is aiming to sell
CNG variant to the big commercial segment of tour operators
and fleet owners in which Innova is the market leader.
Apart from vehicles from Japan mostly converted locally in
Bangladesh and the OEM made CNG buses from China ,
buses, pick-ups and jeeps assembled by Tata Motors India
and Nitol, which are mostly powered by CNG, are also
available in this market. Since last December, consumers can
also buy Tata Ace CNG that comes with a factory-fitted CNG
kit and two CNG cylinders that can cover about 200 km distance on one filling.
As reported in the February edition of Asian NGV
Communication, Iran has entered the “1 million plus” NGV
country club this year, joining Pakistan (2M NGVs), Argentina
(1.7M) and Brazil (1.6M). CNG programme was started in
1975 with a pilot project in which 1,200 taxis and private
passenger cars in Shiraz city were converted.
This industry was actively promoted in 2000 when Iranian
Fuel Conservation Organization (IFCO) was established to
manage fuel consumption in various sectors in which NGV
promotion was one of its main agenda items.
Iran Khodro, a local carmaker, has launched the most
powerful CNG car in the world- Samand Soren ELX
four-doors. The Soren was claimed to have an output of 150
hp and can maintain its power even at the height of 2,000
meters [6,561 feet] above sea level.
32
April 2009
The vehicle and refuelling
station trends in Iran
In this country, the number of NGVs is
growing on a daily basis. Nowadays,
people use CNG more than ever.
This success is underlined by its target
of having more than 1.2 M NGVs in the
country. At the moment, over 250
workshops in 94 cities are qualified to
convert vehicles to NGV mode.
So far, over 436,000 gasoline vehicles
were converted. The government offers
subsidy to cover 90% of the conversion
costs including the required equipment.
The gasoline-powered Samand,
Peugeot 405, Peugeot (RD), Pride (KIA),
Peykan, Peykan pick-up and Mazda
1600 pick-up are being converted in
retrofitting centres. Some of these
vehicles are also available in CNG or
bifuel version made by OEMs.
Iran Khodro and SAIPA group —the two
biggest car manufacturers in Iran— are
upgrading their OEM NGV collections
everyday. Samand, Soren, Peugeot
405, Peugeot 206-SD, Peugeot Pars,
Nov./Dec.
2008
Peugeot (ROA), Pride (KIA), Peykan
pick-up, Nissan pick-up and Mazda
1600 pick-up bifuel CNG/gasoline are
now being produced by these two
companies.
with dedicated-CNG engine (EF7).
By November/December 2008, car
manufacturers produced about 772,000
OEM NGVs. Additionally Iran Khodro is
manufacturing one model of Samand
Recently, Gas Khodro Co. decided to
decrease the conversion of gasoline
vehicles to NGVs because automakers
are manufacturing a big amount of
NGVs.
The output trend of OEM NGVs versus
the converted ones is shown in a
diagram below.
Fortunately Iran was able to achieve
about half of the target so drivers can
refuel their car in a quicker and easier
manner.
More than 30 minutes refuelling queues
still occur in only 4% of cities in Iran.
Currently, 766 CNG stations (430
dedicated CNG and 336 gasoline-CNG
ones) are available in 302 cities, while
1,014 more stations are planned to
be built.
It is very surprising to know that this
number increased about two times
during this Iranian year (20 March
2008 up to now).
The CNG refuelling station
construction trend is shown in the
diagram below.
CNG stations
The high growth in NGV population
has created long lines at CNG
stations in some big cities, such as
in Tehran.
Thus, the government set a target
of having about 1,000 dedicated
CNG and 800 double purpose (CNG
and gasoline) stations by end of the
current Iranian year (20 March 2009).
The authors, Alireza Rahnama
and Mahmoud Reza Bagherbeik,
Iranian Gas Khodro Co./National
Iranian Gas Co
15 February 2009
April 2009
33
12a Conferenza ed Esposizione fieristica dell’Associazione
Internazionale dei Veicoli a Gas Naturale - IANGV
12th Conference and Exhibition of the International
Association for Natural Gas Vehicles - IANGV
Dal 8 al 10 giugno 2010
June 8-10, 2010
Nuova Fiera di Roma New Rome Fair
Padiglioni 9, 10 e area esterna Pavilions 9, 10 and outdoor area
Roma, Italia Rome, Italy
La soluzione attuale
per un trasporto migliore
Today's solution
for a better transport
Un evento di
An event of
www.ngv2010roma.com
[email protected]
Ospitato da
Hosted by
Organizzato da
Organized by
34
April 2009
BusinessCentre
The NGV world defines its future
The major actors of the methane industry will
gather at the International Conference, hosted
by NGVA Europe. The main topics related to
the present of this fuel, as well as to its outlook
and trends, will be analyzed by specialists.
The meeting is in the capital of Spain, on June 17- 19. Below,
more details about the conferences.
Pavilion 1 of Madrid Fair will be the stage for analysis and
debate where participants will approach current and key
subjects related to the development of natural gas, biogas
and hydrogen applied to transport.
For the International Conference, which is hosted by the
European Association of Natural Gas for Vehicles (NGVA
Europe), a program of sessions and round tables designed
which will deal with the main themes of interest of the thriving
NGV industry. The oral presentations will be made by industry
businessmen, government officials, renowned specialists and
experienced protagonists of the segment.
This meeting is essential to keep up to date with what is
happening in the NGV world. Also, to have all necessary
tools, make decisions and get to know what will be the
direction this fuel will take next.
The phenomenon of Valdemingómez
The International Conference will take place within the
framework of GNV 2009 Madrid, organized by NGV
Communications Group, a company with over 20 years of
experience in managing NGV-related events.
On the other hand, Johann Hudd, Iberia Regional Agent of
Flotech, will expound on the largest biogas purification plant
of the world: Valdemingómez, located in Madrid. It should be
noted that development and research on this fuel are
remarkable in Spain.
Central Themes
The slogan "Towards a clean and sustainable mobility"
defines the theme of the conferences given by speakers from
the Old Continent in particular, and the world in general.
The key note speakers who will take part in the opening
ceremony will be Peter Boisen, NGVA Europe Chairman; a
high-ranking official from Madrid City Council; Richard
Kolodziej, President of the International Association for
Natural Gas Vehicles and Josep Moragas Freixa, Managing
Director of Retail Business of Grupo Gas Natural .
The presence of the industry’s associations - as well as of the
highest authority of the Spanish capital - reflects the
significance of this event and the interest stirred up by the
development of this fuel within the community.
In addition, Ana Botella Serrano, Head of Environment Area of
Madrid City, will speak about Madrid City Council’s
environment and transportation policy.
Hundreds of urban transport vehicles, taxis, refuse trucks,
special airport units and other applications already operate on
natural gas around its streets and broad avenues. Besides,
numerous projects of public fueling stations will soon be
incorporated in the existing fuel supplying network.
Within regional and national reports, the expert Chitrapongse
Kwangsukstith, President of Asia Pacific Natural Gas
Vehicles Association, will provide a thorough outlook about
this region, described as the driving force of demand for
natural gas vehicles.
Supercomputing Center
Also, it will be considered the eco-friendly aspect of natural
gas for vehicles and its application in Madrid and Barcelona.
José Baldasano, from the Barcelona Supercomputing Center
(BSC-CNS) will be in charge of this session.
In Spain the use of NGV prevent the emission of 23 tons
carbon dioxide every year and 15 cities already benefit from
of this efficient energy alternative.
In this NGV summit, users’ experiences will be also taken into
consideration. For this round table, it has been scheduled the
participation of Juan Angel Terrón Alonso, EMT Engineering
Director, who will speak about the task done by the Municipal
Transport Company of Madrid, with the largest fleet of NGV
buses in the continent. Natural gas urban vehicles and
diverse experiences in the urban environmental field will also
be part of this program, presented by Alfonso García,
Environmental Technical Services Director of Madrid’s
Fomento de Construcciones y Contratas.
April 2009
35
BusinessCentre
Markets in action
The selection of Madrid capital of Spain and enclave
of the Old Continent as
venue for this summit- was
not at random. That is why
there will be a detailed
analysis of European NGV
markets in action.
The session will be chaired by Hans Wach, GasMobil AG
General Director and NGVA Europe Secretary.
The speakers will be Berhnard Jeken, Managing Director of E.
ON Gas Mobil GmbH, who will deal with Germany and its
teachings about refueling stations and marketing; Vanni
Cappellato, Consorzio NGV System Italia President, who will
speak about Italy, the main continental market and Bernt
Svensén, Biogas Väst Project Manager, will offer an overview
about Sweden, the country of biogas.
Apart from these subjects which are vital to the NGV industry,
there will be a 24th World Gas Conference IGU 2009 Preview.
Davor Matic, IGU SG 5.3 Coordinator, will talk about global
opportunities for natural gas as a transportation fuel.
These conferences are just some of the presentations
planned within the framework of GNV 2009 Madrid.
The central themes of this segment, its present and
future -without doubt- will be discussed in depth and
strictness during this meeting which NGV industry players are
looking forward to attending.
OEMs
OEMs will also be present at the International Conference.
Speakers from Opel, Mercedes Benz, Volkswagen, Renault
and Fiat will talk about LDVs: NGV and its advantages in the
current automotive market.
Furthermore, to outline an overview of HDVs, speakers from
Irisbus-Iveco, Man, Volvo and Mercedes Benz will give a
technological and commercial outlook on buses and trucks.
Versus Gas News
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The company also offer personalized
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Main area of operation is Electronic Controller
for Sequential Gas Injection. Experienced
engineers stay for customer’s disposal in
that area.
The target of VERSUS is to get and maintain the
position of leader supplier of LPG/CNG/LNG solutions for automotive industry operators: manufacturers,
car
dealers, distributors, engineers, installers and finally end
users whose satisfaction is still main target of VERSUS.
What we offer:
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® Other GAS accessories for NGV cars
® Personalized solutions for B2B customers in the area of
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® Group of engineers' knowledge that are ready to design
digital micro-controller’s application
"ECU VERSUS has been designed based on the most
recent methods of processing electronic impulses in
CNG/LPG dosage systems. Main features of ECU VERSUS:
® Efficient processor that support
automatic recognition of engine
parameters. As a result ECU
VERSUS can set up proper
settings automatically.
® Ability to map GAS
injectors' based on
performance of gasoline
fuel injectors during the
drive. This simplifies
and shortens the time
of device installation in a
car and respectively
raises the quality of
control and reduces fuel
consumption.
® Automatic calibration on idle together
with advanced mapping while driving. Our design
control algorithms of GAS injectors are based on control
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® Simplicity in service, configuration and diagnostics of the
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The company hereby invite its potential partners to try and
discover Polish technology of innovations and unlimited
functionality. Detailed information about our company and
our products are present in our website:
www.versusgas.com
36
April 2009
Asian NGV statistics
NGV statistics
Natural Gas Vehicles
Country
Total
Pakistan
2.000.000
Iran
1.215.593
India
821.872
China
400.000
Bangladesh
180.000
Thailand
140.038
Russia
103.000
Armenia
101.352
Egypt
101.078
Uzbekistan
47.000
Malaysia
40.248
Japan
35.720
Myanmar
22.821
Korea
17.123
Tajikistan
10.600
Kyrgyzstan
6.000
Singapore
3.509
Turkey
3.056
Georgia
3.000
Indonesia
2.550
Australia
2.453
Vietnam
500
United Arab Emirates
305
New Zealand
283
Philippines
36
Taiwan
4
Asia + Eurasia
5.258.141
World
10.055.340
Cars/
LDVs
1.949.960
1.209.381
315.200
231.685
117.229
114.758
18.000
69.971
97.523
47.000
40.067
13.778
2.902
247
10.600
40
6.200
12.000
112.755
3.233
9.066
8.000
9.831
1.201
3.470
2.564
3.000
1.755
130
30
492
305
180
11
4.249.716
8.800.863
Refuelling stations
MD/HD MD/HD Others
buses trucks
170
1.417
18.290
16.538
335
1.263
500
0
66
25
4
201.456
266.785
Total
Public Private
50.000 2.600 2.600
12
764
703
61
715 493.957
325
6
319
1.100 54.460 1.336
920
416
8.355 51.183
296
6
290
14.541
1.673
305
280
25
35.000 42.000
226
201
25
19.626
1.924
214
9
205
1.794
560
118
114
4
43
43
11
101
99
2
19.312
1.213
327
294
33
4
1.625
37
37
338
121
121
53
53
6.000
6
6
9
3
3
9
5
4
4
4
210
250
9
9
1.060
146
127
19
1
1
0
2
1
1
37
14
14
3
1
2
1
1
102.087 704.882 7.064 5.643 1.421
148.063 839.629 14.892 13.057 1.834
Fuel Prices
1.003
52,00
230
9
13
21,36
72
12
26,79
23,80
33,50
4,25
16
10
678
13
4,13
0,60
35
0,40
130
1
1.321 901
1.365 13.009
166,83
840,55
353,61
236,30
118,01
383,57
40,04
59,57
62,80
57,88
22,62
8,46
7,73
22,24
55,48
49,93
1,91
0,30
0,72
1,94
0,54
1,50
4,66
0,0%
0,0%
44,1%
0,0%
53,3%
0,0%
42,7%
41,1%
148,1%
50,2%
0,0%
0,0%
0,0%
0,0%
216,5%
200,0%
0,0%
20,6%
0,0%
0,0%
0,0%
0,05
0,23
0,08
0,01
1490,19
2567,44
0,0%
0,0%
0,0%
0,0%
Last update
December 2008
February 2009
March 2008
February 2009
November 2008
February 2009
December 2008
March 2008
December 2008
December 2007
January 2009
September 2008
October 2008
June 2008
December 2007
December 2007
January 2009
July 2008
December 2007
December 2008
March 2007
January 2009
March 2007
March 2007
February 2006
April 2005
March 2009
March 2009
Cities with stations
Premium Regular
Country Gasoline Gasoline Diesel
(Euro/litre)
(Euro/litre)
Armenia
Bangladesh
China
Egypt
India
Indonesia
Iran
Japan
Korea
Kyrgyzstan
Malaysia
Pakistan
Philippines
Russia
Singapore
Tajikistan
Thailand
Turkey
Uzbekistan
Monthly gas consumption (M Nm3)
Under VRA
Average
The
Reported
conconsumption consumption
struction
(actual report) in theory consumption
0,79
0,52
0,59
0,24
0,83
0,55
0,110
1,39
1,07
0,51
1,75
0,89
0,80
1,03
0,49
1,70
0,49
(Euro/litre)
0,73
0,49
0,56
0,12
0,76
0,44
0,075
1,31
0,60
0,49
0,69
0,92
0,55
0,47
1,60
0,34
0,71
0,34
0,50
0,15
0,53
0,61
0,012
1,19
1,06
0,70
0,49
0,62
0,87
0,70
0,86
0,45
0,44
1,26
0,34
CNG
(Euro/
Nm3)
0,27
0,18
0,34
0,06
0,27
0,23
0,015
0,68
0,43
0,26
0,19
0,45
0,22
0,22
0,52
0,21
0,17
0,78
0,11
CNG price
CNG price
equivalent per equivalent per
litre gasoline litre diesel
0,24
0,16
0,30
0,05
0,24
0,21
0,014
0,52
0,39
0,23
0,17
0,40
0,20
0,20
0,46
0,19
0,15
0,68
0,10
0,28
0,18
0,35
0,06
0,28
0,24
0,015
0,58
0,44
0,27
0,19
0,46
0,23
0,23
0,53
0,22
0,17
0,76
0,11
2.386
667
Asia
Worldwide
World review
Region
Asia
Eurasia
Africa
Europe
South/Central
North America
World
Total NGVs
Cars
/LDVs
5.047.733 4.156.181
MD/HD
Buses
MD/HD
Trucks
Others
fuelling
stations
183.133
47.461
660.958
54.626
43.924
6.611
453
210.408
93.535
18.323
226
220
6
885.556
756.976
40.263
33.816
54.501
2.619
3.799.277 3.697.951
13.820
9.660
77.846
4.285
112.140
7
96.000
11.240
2.500
2.400
917
10.055.340 8.800.863
266.785
148.063
839.629
14.892