ᶏᄖ⊒ ࠕࡔࠞวⴐ࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆၞᡰេဳㄘᬺ㧔CSA㧕 ࠕࡔࠞวⴐ࿖ࡢࠪࡦ࠻ࡦᎺ CSA ㄘ႐⚻༡⠪ ࠕࡦ࠼ࡘࠬ࠲࠙࠻᳁ Mr. Andrew Stout ࡊࡠࡈࠖ࡞ 1968 ᐕ࠲࠰ࡀࡒޔᎺ↢߹ࠇޕ ࠙ࠖࠬࠦࡦࠪࡦᄢቇࡑ࠺ࠖ࠰ࡦᩞතᬺޕ ࡒࡀ࠰࠲Ꮊߩᯏㄘ႐ߦ߅ߡ 6 ࡩ㑆ߩ⎇ୃᓟࡦ࠻ࡦࠪࡢޔᎺߦ 3 ࠛࠞߩㄘࠍขᓧߒࡈ࡞ ࠨࠢ࡞ࡈࠔࡓߩ⚻༡ࠍ㐿ᆎޕ ޔ㓹↪⠪ 70 ੱޔᐕ 5 ⊖ਁ࠼࡞ߦⷙᮨࠍᄢޕ75 ⒳ߦࠊߚࠆᨐ‛ޔ㊁⩿࡞࠻ࠕࠪࠍࡉࡂޔᏒ ౝߩࠬ࠻ࡦ㕍ᨐᐫࡈࠔࡑ࠭ࡑࠤ࠶࠻ߦ⽼ᄁߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦޔᲤㅳ 2,000 ▫ࠍ߃ࠆㄘ ↥‛ࠍᐕ CSA ᄾ⚂⠪ߦឭଏߒߡࠆޕ ၞ߮ో࿖⊛ߥ㘩ᢱㄘᬺ㗴ߩ࠳࠻࠶ࠤࡑ࠭ࡑࠔࡈޕㅪ⋖ߩഃ⸳ℂࡔࡦࡃߢ ࠅ࠼ࡈࡠࠬ࡞࠻ࠕࠪޔදળߩળ⸘㐳ߩࠬ࡞ࠖ࠹ࡦ࠻ࡦࠪࡢޔળ㐳ࠍോߡࠆޕ2004 ᐕࡇޔ ࡘࠫࠚ࠶࠻ࠨ࠙ࡦ࠼ࡆࠫࡀࠬࠫࡖ࠽࡞ߩޟᵈ⋡ߔߴ߈ࡗࡦࠣ࠳ߦޠᜰฬߐࠇߚޕ ᯏㄘᬺ߿ㄘᬺࡆࠫࡀࠬࠍ࠻ࡇ࠶ࠢߦ⻠Ṷ߽ᄙᢙޕ หㄘ႐ߪࠠࡦࠣߩࠣࡦࠣࡠࡉ㧔ߺߤࠅߩ㧕⾨ߥߤޔᢙᄙߊߩᓆࠍฃߌߡࠆޔߚ߹ޕ ࡢࠪࡦ࠻ࡦᎺߢೋߩࠨࡕࡦࡈ㧔㞱ߦోߥ㧕ㄘ႐ߦㆬ߫ࠇߚޕ ᆄߣ 2 ੱߩᕷሶߣߣ߽ߦࠪࠕ࠻࡞ޕ ࡈ࡞ࠨࠢ࡞ࡈࠔࡓߩࡎࡓࡍࠫ㧦http://www.fullcirclefarm.com/ 25 ߪߓߦ ߏ⚫⊝ޕߔ߹ߑߏ߁ߣ߇ࠅޔ᭽ߕ߹ޕߔ߹ߑߏ߁ࠃߪ߅ޔೋߦ࿖㓙ㄘᬺ⠪ᵹදળਗ߮ ߦㄘᨋ᳓↥⋭ߩ⊝᭽ߦߎߩࠃ߁ߥᯏળࠍߚߛ߈߹ߒߚߎߣࠍᗵ⻢↳ߒߍ߹ߔ⚻ߩ⑳ޕ㛎߿⠨߃ࠍ ⊝᭽ߦ߅વ߃ߔࠆߛߌߢߪߥߊߢߎߎޔീᒝߒߡᏫ࿖ࠍߒޔᣣᧄߢᚑഞߒߡࠆ↥ᶖߩࡕ࠺࡞ߩ ᣂߒࠍ☨࿖߳વ߃ߚߣᕁ߹ߔޕ ߪࠣࡠࡃ࡞ൻߩᤨઍߢㇺᏒൻ߽ᄢߒߡ߹ߔޕᤓᣣᣂኋࠍᱠߡㇺᏒൻࠣࡠࡃ࡞ൻࠍᗵ ߓ߹ߒߚ⚿ߩߘޕᨐޔㄘᬺߪరߢ↢↥ߐࠇᵹㅢߐࠇࠆ߽ߩ߆ࠄᄢ߈ߊᄌࠊࠅ߹ߒߚߪߢޕല₸ᕈ ߇᳞ࠄࠇޔౣ✬ߣ⛔ว߇ߎࠅޔᚑ㐳߇ߢ߈ߥߩߢࠇ߫߿ࠆߒ߆ߥߣ߁┹ߩਛߢଔᩰ ߩᒁ߈ਅߍ߇᳞ࠄࠇߡ߹ߔޕర႐ߩ㘩᧚߇ᄬࠊࠇޔኅᣖㄘ႐ߪᶖ߃ߟߟࠅ߹ߔ߇ߩߎޔ ࠃ߁ߦ㘩‛ߩᵹࠇ߇⎕✋ߒߚᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌߡ߹ߔޕ ߒ߆ߒ৻ޔᣇߢߪࠃࠅᄙߊߩᶖ⾌⠪߇⋥ធ⥄ࠄߩ㘩᧚ߩߤߎࠈߣߩߟߥ߇ࠅࠍ᳞ߡ߹ߔޕዊ ߐߥㄘኅߢࠇ߫ޔᄢⷙᮨߥㄘᬺᩣᑼળ␠ࠆߪᄢဳߩ࠴ࠚࡦࠍᜬߞߚ㕍ᨐᐫߦߪߥᯏળ߇ ࠆߪߕߢߔߢߎߘޕ↥ᶖߩ⠨߃߇ߡߊࠆࠊߌߢߔ߇ߛߚߪࠇߎޔනߦㄘኅߛߌߢߪߥߊ↥↢ޔ ⠪ࠍࠇߘߡߒߘޔฃߌขࠆᶖ⾌⠪ᣇߩࡔ࠶࠻ߦߥࠆ߽ߩߢߔޕ ၞᡰេဳㄘᬺ㧔CSA㧕ߩᱧผ ᧄᣣߪ☨ޔ࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆCSA㧔Community Supported Agriculture㧕 ޔၞᡰេဳߩㄘᬺࠍߏ⚫ߒ ߹ߔ☨ߩޕ࿖ߩ↥ᶖߢߔޕ ߹ߕೋߦߎߩCSAࡕ࠺࡞ߩ◲නߥᱧผߢߔޕ1980ᐕઍߩೋߏࠈ↥↢ޔ⠪߇⋥ᄁࠍߔࠆ࠳ࠗࠢ ࠻ࡑࠤ࠹ࠖࡦࠣߩᯏળ߇ᄬࠊࠇߡ߈߹ߒߚ߇ࠇߎޕᄙߊߩవㅴ࿖ߢߎࠅߦߚߩߘޔዊⷙᮨߥ ኅᣖㄘ႐ߪሽ⛯ߢ߈ߥߊߥࠅ߹ߒߚ☨ߢߎߘޕ࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆCSAߢߔ↥↢ޕ⠪ਗ߮ߦߎߩࠃ߁ߥߎߣࠍ ᳇ߦដߌࠆᶖ⾌⠪ߪߕࠇ߽߶߆ߩ㘩‛ߩᵹㅢᣇᴺࠍ⠨߃ᆎ߹ߒߚ☨ޕ࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆೋߩCSAࡕ࠺࡞ ߇ᆎ߹ߞߚߩߪ1986ᐕߢߒߚߩࠞࡔࠕߪࠇߎޕർ᧲ㇱߦࠆዊߐߥੑߟߩㄘ႐ߢᆎ߹ࠅ߹ߒߚߎޕ ߩੑߟߩዊߐߥㄘ႐ߢߪหⓠࠍⴕߞߡ߹ߒߚ⚿ߩߘޕᨐޔㄘ႐ߢขࠇߚ߽ߩࠍ⋥ធᄁࠈ߁ߣߒ ߚߩߢߔޕᣂߒᔨߢߒߚ⋥ޕᄁߢߔ߆ࠄߪࠊߥߪࠆޔᵹㅢ✂ࠍࠊߥᣇᴺߢߔ⋥ޕ ᄁࠍߎߩዊߐߥੑߟߩㄘ႐߇⠨߃ᆎ߹ߒߚߢߎߎࠅ߹ߟޕᣣᧄߩޟឭ៤ࠍޠዉߒߚߩߢߔߩߘޕ ߁߃ߢ࡛ࡠ࠶ࡄߩવ⛔⊛ߥㄘᬺߢࠆࡃࠗࠝ࠳ࠗ࠽ࡒ࠶ࠢߥ⠨߃ᣇࠆߦ࠷ࠗ࠼ߣࠬࠗࠬߦ․ޔ⠨ ߃ࠍ⚵ߺวࠊߖߡᆎ߹ߒߚޕᣣᧄߩឭ៤ߣ࡛ࡠ࠶ࡄߩ⠨߃ࠍวࠊߖߡ࡚ࠪࡇࠬࡦࠗ߇ࠇߎޔ ࡦߣߥࠅ☨࿖CSAࡕ࠺࡞߇↢߹ࠇ߹ߒߚޕ ߥߗCSA߇⊓႐ߒߚ߆ߣ߁ߎߣߢߔ߇ߪࠇߎ߽ߘ߽ߘޔᣂߒࡑࠤ࠹ࠖࡦࠣߩ࠴ࡖࡦࡀ࡞ߣߒ ߡ↢߹ࠇ߹ߒߚࠅ߹ߟޕએ೨ߦߪሽߒߥ߆ߞߚᣇᴺߢߔޕવ⛔⊛ߥㄘኅ߇ࠅޔᄁࠅ႐߇ࠅޔᐫ ⥩߇ࠅ⊒߇ࠇߘޔዷߒߡߊਛߢ㕍ᨐᐫߣ߁ㄭઍ⊛ߥᐫ߇ߢ߈߹ߒߚߒ߆ߒޕㄘኅ⥄り߇ታ㓙ߦ ᄁࠅ႐ߩ▤ℂࠍߔࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚߩߢߔ߫ࠊޕ㕟⊛ߥߎߣߢߒߚޕ ⋥ᄁߦࠃࠅㄘኅߪ⋥ធ߅ቴ᭽ߣߟߥ߇ࠅࠍᜬߟߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠅ߹ߒߚ߅ޕቴ᭽߇ࠍ᳞ ߡࠆߩ߆ߦࠇߘޔᔕߓߡᣂㄘ↥‛ࠍ㐿⊒ߔࠆࠊߌߢߔߡߞࠃߦࠇߘޕᒝജߥ⥄ࠄ↢↥ߒߚ߽ߩࠍᄁ ࠆࡑࠤ࠶࠻ࠍ⏕ߔࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߣߥࠅ߹ߒߚࡃࡦࡔ߫ࠊޕടဳߩࠨࡆࠬߢߔⴕࠍࠇߎޕ ߁ߎߣߦࠃࠅޔᩱၭᦼ㑆ࠍㅢߒߡᶖ⾌⠪ࠍ⏕ߔࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߢߔޕ 26 ᧪ߩㄘᬺ߳ߩᛩ⾗ ᧪ߩㄘᬺߦᛩ⾗ࠍߔࠆࠅࠃޔᐢߊ↥ᶖᵴേࠍᵴ↪ߒዷ㐿ߒߡߊߎߣߦࠃࠅޔㄘᬺ⠪⥄り߇ ౣ߮⥄ࠄߩࡑࠤ࠶࠻ࠪࠚࠕࠍ⏕ߒᱜଔᩰࠍഭߩኻଔߣߒߡฃߌขࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥ ࠅߩ⌀ޔᗧߢߩሽ⛯ᜬ⛯น⢻ߥㄘᬺࠍታߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠅ߹ߔޕ ᤋߞߡࠆߩߪᲤㅳߩⓠߢߔߩ⑳ޕㄘ႐ߢขߞߚ߽ߩ߇ᤋߞߡ߹ߔ࠼ࡦࡉޕߐߛߊߡޕ ߇ᦠߡࠅ߹ߔ߽ߡߣߪ࠼ࡦࡉޕ㊀ⷐߢߔߩࠄ⥄ߡߞࠃߦࠇߘޕㄘ↥‛ߩࠕࠗ࠺ࡦ࠹ࠖ࠹ࠖߣ ࿕ᕈࠍ⏕ߒߥߌࠇ߫ߌ߹ߖࠎ߇ࠊޕㄘ႐ߣㄘ↥‛ߩࠕࠗ࠺ࡦ࠹ࠖ࠹ࠖ⏕ߩߚߦࡉࡦ࠼ ߇ߣߡ߽㊀ⷐߢߔޕ ߥߗCSAࠍㆬ߱ߩ߆㧫 ߢߪߥߗ⑳߇CSAޔၞᡰេဳࠍⴕ߁ߩ߆ߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ߆߽ߒࠇ߹ߖࠎޔߒ߆ߒޕၞᡰេဳߩࡕ࠺ ࡞ߦߪᄙߊߩࡔ࠶࠻߇ࠅ߹ߔޕㄘᬺ⠪ߦߣߞߡ߽ࡔ࠶࠻߇ࠆߩߢߔ߫߃ޕᄁࠅߍࠍ⸽ ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔޕ㔛ⷐࠍ༐ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔޕᄁࠇࠆߢࠈ߁ߣ߁ߎߣߪᔃᗵߦߥࠅ߹ ߔޕ⒳ࠍ߹ߊߣ߈ߦ߽ᔃᗵ߇ࠅ߹ߔࠍࠇߎޕ⢒ߡࠇ߫ᄁࠆࡑࠤ࠶࠻߇ࠆߣ߁ߎߣߪㄘᬺ⠪ ߦߣߞߡᄢᄌߥᔃߢߔޕ ߎࠇࠍታߔࠆߚߦߪᐢ▸ߢቯ⊛ߥ㘈ቴၮ⋚߇ᔅⷐߢߔޕㄘᬺ⠪߇ᛛⴚࠍᛩߒޔㄘኅࠆ ߪㄘ႐ߦ࿕ߩࠬ࠻߇⢛᥊ߦࠅޔ㊀ⷐߥ㘈ቴၮ⋚߇↢߹ࠇ߹ߔߢ߃߁ߩߘޕㄘᬺ⠪ㄘኅ⥄ り߇⽼ᄁଔᩰࠍࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔߩ߆ߎߤޕ㆙ߣߎࠈߢߪࠆޔߢޔ⇇ߩߤߎ߆ߢൎᚻ ߦଔᩰ߇ࠄࠇࠆߩߢߪࠅ߹ߖࠎޕଔᩰࠍࠆߩߪ߽ߞߣ߽ࠃߊߘߩ↢↥ࠦࠬ࠻ߩߎߣࠍ⍮ߞ ߡࠆㄘᬺ⠪⥄りߢߔߢߩࠆߡߞ߆ࠊࠍ࠻ࠬࠦޕẢࠍߍࠆߚߦߪᱜଔᩰㆡᱜଔᩰ߇ߊ ࠄߢࠆ߆ࠊ߆ߞߡࠆߩߪㄘᬺ⠪ߢߔ߅ޕቴ᭽ߣ⋥ធߟߥ߇ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߎߣߪ⋉₸߇㜞ߊߥ ࠆߩߢߔ⋥߽ࠅࠃߔߦޕᄁࠍߒߚ߶߁߇20㧑߆ࠄ50㧑ߪ⋉₸߇㜞ߊߥࠅ߹ߔߡߞࠃߦࠇߎޕዊ ⷙᮨㄘ႐ߢ߽ሽ⛯ߩน⢻ᕈ߇㜞ߊߥࠅ߹ߔޕ ᦨᓟߦ⑳⥄りߎࠇߪ৻⇟ᅢ߈ߥߢߔ߇ޔઃߌⓠᵹㅢߩࠬࠤࠫࡘ࡞ࠍ⥄ࠄㄘᬺ⠪߇▤ℂ ߢ߈߹ߔ↥↢߽ࠇߎߊ߿߁ࠃޕ⠪ߩᚻߦᱷࠆߩߢߔߩࠇߙࠇߘޔࠅࠃߦࠇߘޕㄘ႐߇⥄ࠄߩ࿕ߩ⁁ ᴫߦวࠊߖߡ੍ቯࠍ⚵ߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔߩߡߴߔޕㄘኅߣㄘ႐ߪหߓߢߪࠅ߹ߖࠎޕᩱၭᛛⴚߪߤ ߎߢ߽หߓߢߪࠅ߹ߖࠎ↥↢ޕ⠪⥄ࠄ߇↢↥ࠍ▤ℂߢ߈ࠆߎߣߪࠃࠅ߽㊀ⷐߢࠅߞࠃߦࠇߘޔ ߡᱜߒᗧᕁቯߣ੍ቯࠍ⚵ߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔޕ ߘ߁ߪ⸒ߞߡ߽ޔᶖ⾌⠪ߩ⊝ߐࠎߦCSAߪㄘኅߩߚߛߌߦࠆߣ⺋⸃ߐࠇߚߊߪࠅ߹ߖࠎޕ ຠޔㄘ↥‛⥄߽ຠ⾰߇⸽ߐࠇޔᶖ⾌⠪߇ᅢ߽ߩޔ ޠ࡚ࠬࠗ࠴ޟ ߟޔ⪲⸒߁ߣޠ࡚ࠬࠗ࠴ࠕޟ ߹ࠅᶖ⾌⠪߇᰼ߒ߽ߩߩଏ⛎߇⸽ߐࠇࠆࡔ࠶࠻߇ࠆߩߢߔ߇ߎߎޕ㎛ߢߔ߽߆ߒޕᅢߺߩ↢ ↥⠪ߩᅢߺߩ߽ߩࠍ⾈߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߩߪ㊀ⷐߢߔߩߒࠄߣ↢ੱޕਛߢߪ⥄ߣ߽ߣ߽ߪࠇࠊࠇࠊޔ ಽߚߜߩ࠾࠭ߣᏗᦸߦวߞߚᬺߣ↢↥⠪ࠍࠨࡐ࠻ߔࠆ߽ߩߢߔޔࡦ࠻ࠬߩ߈߭ޕᅢ߈ߥ ᵗደޔᅢ߈ߥ߅⨥ߩࡉࡦ࠼ޔᅢ߈ߥᐥደ⟤ޔኈ㒮߇ࠆߪߕߢߔߩ߈߭ߢߎߘޕㄘኅߡߒߘޔ ฬߥ߅ᓧᗧߩ↢↥⠪߇ᅢ߈ߥㄘ↥‛ࠍߞߡߊࠇࠆ⁁ᴫ߇น⢻ߢߔޕ CSAߩᕈ⾰ߪࠊ߫ੱ߇㓸߹ࠆ႐ᚲߢߔޕ ޠࠖ࠹࠾ࡘࡒࠦޟ ޔหߩਛᔃὐߣߥࠅ߹ߔߎߘޕ ߢหߓࠃ߁ߥ⠨߃ࠍᜬߞߚၞหߩਛߦᶖ⾌⠪߇ࠆ႐ࠍឭଏߔࠆߩ߇CSAߢߔߣࠎߐ⊝ޕหߓ 27 ଔ୯ⷰࠍᜬߞߡࠆੱߚߜߣ৻✜ߩࠣ࡞ࡊߦᚲዻ߇ߢ߈ࠆߩߪߣߡ߽߁ࠇߒᗵߓߢߔޕᶖ⾌⠪߽ ᔃߢోߥ႐ߩ㘩᧚ࠍ⏕ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔޕᔃߢ߈ࠆ㘩᧚ࠍߞߡޔା㗬ࠍᜬߜޔା↪ߢ ߈ࠆ߆ߚߜߢኅᣖߦߘࠇࠍឭଏߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔޕ ᒰὼߩߎߣߥ߇ࠄޔᶖ⾌⠪ߦߣߞߡߩ৻⇟ߩࡔ࠶࠻ߪ߅ߒߐߢߔޕ㘩᧚߇⋥ធᶖ⾌⠪ߦ⽼ᄁߐ ࠇ߹ߔߩߢ߽ߞߣ߽ᣂ㞲ߢߔޕᩕ㙃߽߽ߞߣࠅ߹ߔޕⓠࠍߒߡ߆ࠄ㕖Ᏹߦᣧߊ߫߃ޔ24ᤨ㑆߆ ࠄ36ᤨ㑆એౝߦ߅ዯߌߢ߈߹ߔޕㆊߦሽߒߡ߹ߖࠎߒޔ㐳ߔ߉ࠆᵹㅢ✂ࠍㅢߞߚࠊߌߢߪࠅ ߹ߖࠎޕ 㐳ᵹㅢ✂ࠍ⚻↱ߔࠆߣޔ ߞߚߤߎߢߛࠇ߇࿁ߥߚߩ㘩ߴ‛ࠍߐࠊߞߚߩ߆ࠊ߆ࠅ߹ߖࠎޕ ↢↥⠪ߦߣߞߡߪ㊄㌛⊛ߦ߽ᄢᄌᄢߥᗧ߇ࠅ߹ߔ߇ޔᶖ⾌⠪ߦߣߞߡ߽CSAဳߩㄘ႐߆ࠄ⾈߁ ߶߁߇⾈߿ߔߢߔ߫߃ߣ߆ߗߥޕ㐳ᦼߩᵹㅢㆇャࠦࠬ࠻ߪ߆߆ࠅ߹ߖࠎୖޕᐶߩ⾌↪ߢࠆߣ ߆ޔᐫ⥩ࠍᑪߡߡ⚻༡ߔࠆࠦࠬ࠻߽߆߆ࠅ߹ߖࠎ↥↢ޕ⠪ㄘኅߩ߶߁ߢߪ⚐☴ߦ↢↥ߦ߆߆ߞߚ⾌↪ ߛߌࠍ⺧᳞ߔࠇ߫ᷣߚߢߔޕઃߌߪࠆޔⓠߩࠬࠤࠫࡘ࡞߽ቯߒߡ߹ߔߒ੍᷹น⢻ ߢߔߩߢޔCSAߩㄘ႐ߢߪ߶ߣࠎߤή㚝߇߹ߖࠎߘߎࠄ߆ߛޕⓠ‛ᒰߚࠅߩឭଏߢ߈ࠆଔ୯ߪޔ ዊᄁࠅߩᐫ⥩ߢ⽼ᄁߒߡࠆ߽ߩࠃࠅ߽ᄢ߈ߥଔ୯ࠍឭଏߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔޕ ߘࠇߛߌߢߪࠅ߹ߖࠎޕଔ୯ߛߌߢߪߥߊຠ⾰ߪ㕖Ᏹߦఝࠇߡ߹ߔߩߢ߁߁ߘߣߞ߽ޔᗧ ߢߪଔ୯ߪჇᄢߔࠆߩߢߔߟ߆ޕᶖ⾌⠪߽ᨉࠍ㜞ߊߒߡᔃߒߡ⌁ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔ⥄ޕಽߚߜ߇⾼ ߩᣇᴺ╬ࠍㆬ߱ߎߣߦࠃߞߡޔర␠ળߢㆇ༡ߒߡࠆዊߐߥኅᣖㄘ႐ࠍ⋥ធࠨࡐ࠻ߒߡࠆߣ ߁ḩ⿷ᗵ߽ᗵߓߡߚߛߊߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔޕ CSAߩ⻉ࡕ࠺࡞ ߢߪCSAࡕ࠺࡞ߦߟߡ߅ߒ߹ߔޕ ޟCSAࠝࡦޠ ޔCSAߛߌߩࡕ࠺࡞ߩ႐วߪࠇߎޔㅢᏱߪዊ ߐߥㄘ႐ߢߔޕ ޟዊߐߒ↳߇⑳ߣޠߍߚ႐วߦߪޔ㕙Ⓧߪዊߐߒޔᓥᬺຬ߽ዋߥߊ߽ࡈࡦࠗޔ ዊⷙᮨߣ߁ߎߣߢߔ߇ߩߘޔ႐วߦߪᐕ㑆ߩᄁࠅߍߪ߃߫ᐕ㑆㧝ਁ࠼࡞߆ࠄ㧠ਁ࠼࡞߆߽ߒࠇ ߹ߖࠎޕ80㧑ߩᚲᓧߪㄘᬺએᄖߩᚲᓧࠍᓧߡ߹ߒߡޔᬺㄘኅߣߒߡࠍᓧߡ߹ߔޕ ߎߩCSAࠝࡦߩࡑࠤ࠹ࠖࡦࠣߩࡕ࠺࡞ߪ߫ࠊޔCSAߩ࡙࠻ࡇࠕ⊛ߥࡕ࠺࡞ߦၮߠߡ ߹ߔ߽ࠢࠬޕႎ㈽߽100㧑ಽ߆ߜว߅߁ߣ߁࡙࠻ࡇࠕ⊛ߥࡕ࠺࡞ߦၮߠߡߡߪࠇߎޔCSA ߩᣧᲑ㓏ߩ⠨߃ߢߒߚޕᣂⷙߩෳ⠪ߦߪੱ᳇ߩࠆᣇᴺߢߔޕᣂⷙߦዞㄘߒߡ߽ᡷߡ߅ቴ᭽ၮ ⋚ࠍࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔߒ⚻ޔ㛎ߦၮߠߡㄘᬺᛛⴚࠍりߦઃߌߡߊߎߣ߇น⢻ߢߔޕ ߎߩ႐วߩㄘ႐ㆇ༡ߢߔ߇ޔㅢᏱߪߡࠆੱߪዋੱᢙߢߔޕరߩੱߚߜ߇ߡ߹ߔޕಽ ᬺࠍߒߚࠅߩࠕࠖ࠹ࡦࡏޔᚻવ߽ଐ㗬ߒ߹ߔޕኅᣖ߽ߚߊߐࠎ⽸₂ߔࠆ߽ߩߢߔޕᩱၭߦߪኅᣖ ⥄り߇ࠃߊ߆߆ࠊࠅ߹ߔޔߪߩ߽ߚࠇߐ↥↢ޕㅢᏱߪㄘ႐ߘߩ႐ߢ⽼ᄁߐࠇ߹ߔޕ ߎߩࡕ࠺࡞ߩࡔ࠶࠻ߪߦ߆⏕ޔᛩ߽ዋߥߊᷣߺ߹ߔ߇߽↥↢ޔዊⷙᮨߢߔ⸳ޕᛩ⾗ߪ߹ࠅ ⷐࠅ߹ߖࠎޕㆊߥ⸳߿ᯏེߪⷐࠅ߹ߖࠎ⋧ߟ߆ޕኻ⊛ߦࡑࠤ࠶࠻ࠪࠚࠕ߽ዊߐ߽ߩߢߔ߶ޕ ߣࠎߤߩ↢↥⠪ߦߣߞߡߪߘࠇ߶ߤࡑࠤ࠶࠻ࠪࠚࠕߪⷐࠅ߹ߖࠎ▤ࠄ⥄ޕℂ߇ߢ߈ࠆⷙᮨ߇චಽߢ ࠅ൮ⵝ߽ᦨዊߢᷣߺ߹ߔޕᄢߥߩߪᩱၭߩᛛⴚߢߞߡޔ߽ಝߞߚࡉࡦ࠺ࠖࡦࠣߣ߆߿߿ߎ ߒࡑࠤ࠹ࠖࡦࠣ࠴ࡖࡦࡀ࡞ߦߪߎߛࠊࠅ߹ߖࠎޔߊߥߪߢߌߛࠇߘޕਛᔃߦሽߒߡࠆߩߪㄘ ኅ⥄りߢߔޕ 28 ߢߪ߁߁ߤޔ㓚ო߇ࠆ߆ߦߟߡߢߔߦ߆⏕ޕቄ▵ᕈߦᝄࠅ࿁ߐࠇ߹ߔ߅ޕቴ᭽ߦ᧪ߡߚߛ ߡࠍߩ߽ߒ߅ޔឭଏߒߡޔߣࠄߥ߁ࠃߐߪߢࠇߘޔหߓቄ▵ߢߪ◲නߦߪߢ߈ߥ߆߽ߒࠇߥ ߣ߁ߎߣߪޔᣂⷙ㘈ቴߩ㐿ᜏߪ㔍ߒߩߢߔ߽ߢߦࠇߛޕะߡࠆࠊߌߢߪࠅ߹ߖࠎޕㅢᐕ ߢቯߒߚଏ⛎߇⏕ߢ߈ࠆࠊߌߢߪࠅ߹ߖࠎߩߢޔ႐วߦࠃߞߡߪᣂⷙߩ߅ቴ᭽ࠍ₪ᓧߔࠆߎߣ ߇㔍ߒ߆߽ߒࠇ߹ߖࠎޕ ଏ⛎ߩ㗴߽ࠅ߹ߔ߇࠻࡞ߩࠣࡦࠖ࠹ࠤࡑߩ߆߶ޕሽߒ߹ߖࠎߣޔⓠ߇ࠅㆊ߉ߚࠅ ⓠ߇ਇ⿷ߒߚࠅߔࠆߎߣ߇ࠅ߹ߔޕ႐วߦࠃߞߡߪߥ߆ߥ߆ᄙߊߩ‛ࠍࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߕ߅ޔቴ ᭽ߪ⚊ᓧߒߥ߆߽ߒࠇ߹ߖࠎ⯻∛ߪࠆޕኂߩߚߦਇ⿷ߔࠆ߆߽ߒࠇ߹ߖࠎߒ߅ߪࠆޔቴ ᭽߇༑ࠎߢߊࠇࠆຠ⒳ࠍㆬ߱ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߥߊߡߪࠇߘޔᵢኤജ߇ߥ߆ߞߚߚߢࠆߎߣ߇ࠆ߆߽ ߒࠇ߹ߖࠎޕ ৻ᣇߢޔCSAࠝࡦߢߪߥߊቢ⊛ߦCSAࠍ߁႐วߢߔ߇ߪࠇߎޔਛⷙᮨߥ㕙Ⓧߩㄘ႐ߢࠃߊ ࠄࠇ߹ߔ߫߃ޕᐕ㑆ߩ⋉ߪ㧡ਁ࠼࡞߆ࠄ50ਁ࠼࡞⒟ᐲߢߔޕਥߣߒߡㄘᬺ߇ਛᔃߩᚲᓧߢ ߔޕኅᣖએᄖߩੱߚߜ߽ᓥᬺຬߣߒߡ㓹↪ߒߡ߹ߔޕ ㄘᬺߩㆇ༡ߪㅢᏱߪ⚊ደߣ߆൮ⵝߩ⸳߇ᔅⷐߢߔߒ߽ࡈࡦࠗޔዋߒᄢ߈ߊᔅⷐߢߔߒࠤࡑޔ ࠹ࠖࡦࠣ࠴ࡖࡦࡀ࡞߽ᔅⷐߢߔޕญࠦࡒ߽ᔅⷐߢߔࠔࡈߪߡߒߣ࡞ࡀࡦࡖ࠴ߩࠣࡦࠖ࠹ࠤࡑߩߘޕ ࡑ࠭ࡑࠤ࠶࠻ߪࠆޔㄘ႐ߢߩU㧙PICKޕߔ߹߽ߪࠆޔዊᄁࠅᵹㅢ✂߽߹ ߔޕ ᵹㅢ⽼ᄁߪޔㄘ႐ߢ߽ࠄ߆ࠇߘޔㄘ႐એᄖߩ႐ᚲ߽߹ߒߡߩࡊ࠶ࠕࠢ࠶ࡇ߫߃ޔ႐ᚲߦߟ ߡ߽ޕߔ߹߽ࠢࡢ࠻࠶ࡀߩࡃ࠺ߩ߆߶ߪࠆ࠻࠶ࠤࡑޔ ࡔ࠶࠻ߪ⚻ᷣ⊛ⷙᮨ߇ࠅ߹ߔ߽ࠢࠬޕᷫࠅ߹ߔⶄ߇࡞ࡀࡦࡖ࠴ࠣࡦࠖ࠹ࠤࡑޕᢙࠅ߹ߔ ߒߩߎޔቢ⊛ߥࡕ࠺࡞ߢࠇ߫ᔅߕߤߎ߆ߢᄁࠆߎߣߪߢ߈ࠆࠊߌߢߔޕㅢᏱߪᦨㆡߥ㜞ଔᩰߢ ᄁࠆࡑࠤ࠶࠻ࠍㆬ߱ߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔޕή㚝ߪߐߕ㊂ࠍᦨᄢൻߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔߩߎ߫߃ޕ ㅳߪࡈࠔࡑ࠭ࡑࠤ࠶࠻ߢᄁࠆߣ߆⋥ߦࡈࠚࠪޔᄁࠍߔࠆߣ߆ޔⓠ߇ࠅㆊ߉ߚߣ߈ߦߪ ߦߒߡ߽᭴߹ߖࠎߪࠇߎޕㄘᬺ⠪ߩ࠾࠭ࠅ߹ߟޔ㔛⛎ߣ߆ଔᩰߦᔕߓߡ࠴ࡖࡦࡀ࡞ࠍㆬߔ ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߩߢޔㄘᬺ⠪ߦߣߞߡߪ⋉ࠍᦨᄢൻߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔޕ ৻ᣇߢ㓚ო߽ࠅ߹ߔޕቄ▵ߩოߢߔࠅࠃޕᄙߊߩੱࠍ㓹↪ߒߡ߹ߔޔ߇ࠎߖ߹ࠅ߽ߢ߹߁⸒ޕ ㄘኅߢߪੱ᧚ߩ▤ℂߪߥ߆ߥ߆㔍ߒ߽ߩߢߔ߁߽߽ࡈࡦࠗߦ․ޕዋߒᜬߚߥߌࠇ߫ߌ߹ߖࠎޕ ߣ߁ߎߣߪ⾗ޔ㊄ജ߽ࠃࠅᔅⷐߣߐࠇ߹ߔޕ ߘߒߡႺ⇇ߩߥCSAࡕ࠺࡞߇ࠅ߹ߔߪࠇߎޕਛⷙᮨ߆ࠄᄢⷙᮨߥㄘ႐ߩ႐วߢߔ߇ޔᄢ߈ߣ ⸒ߞߡ߽㕙Ⓧߣߪ㒢ࠅ߹ߖࠎޕዊߐߥ㕙Ⓧߢ߽᭴ࠊߥߩߢߔޕዊߐߥㄘ႐ߢࠆ߆ߤ߁߆ߣ߁ߩ ߪ㕙Ⓧߘߩ߽ߩߢߪߥߊߩߩ߽ޔ⠨߃ᣇߛߣᕁ߹ߔޕᐕ㑆ߩߪᄢ50ਁ࠼࡞એ߇ౖဳ⊛ߥᄢ ߈ߐߢ߫ࠊޔᓥ᧪ߣߪోߊ㆑߁⠨߃ᣇࠍߔࠆ․ᓽ߇ࠆㄘ႐ߢࠄࠇ߹ߔߩߘޕၞหߢߪ⋡ ┙ߟሽߢࠆߎߣ߇ᄙߢߔޕ ߘߩㆇ༡ߩᣇᴺߣߒߡߪޔ࿕ߩᒝߺࠍࠪࠬ࠹ࡓࠍ⥄ࠄ᭴▽ߒࠃ߁ߣߒ߹ߔࠍࡓ࠹ࠬࠪޕ᭴▽ ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅޔㄘᬺ⠪⥄り߇߆ߥࠅߩᡰ㈩ᮭࠍᜬߟߎߣ߇น⢻ߦߥࠅ߹ߔޕCSAࠍቢ⊛ߦ߁ߎ ߣߦࠃࠆࡔ࠶࠻߇ߐࠄߦᒝൻߐࠇ߹ߔޕ ৻ᣇߢߎߩዊᄁࠅߩ࠴ࡖࡦࡀ࡞߇ὐਛᔃὐߣߥࠅ߹ߔߪࠆޔࡦ࠻ࠬ߆ߣ࠻࠶ࠤࡑޕ 29 㕍ᨐᐫ߇߽ߩߏߣࠍࠆߩߢߪࠅ߹ߖࠎ߽ߢ߹ߊޕCSAߩ࠴ࡖࡦࡀ࡞߇ਛᔃߣߥࠅ߹ߔࠄߐޕ ߦ߶߆ߩࡑࠤ࠹ࠖࡦࠣߩᯏળ߽⏕ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔޕ ߘߩหߢ⋡┙ߟሽᗵ߇ࠅ߹ߒߡޔ ߅ቴ᭽ߣߩߟߥ߇ࠅ߇Ⴧ߃߹ߔߣࠪࠚࡈߣߩ㑐ଥ߽Ⴧ߃߹ߔߒޔరߩ㕍ᨐᐫߢ߽ᄁࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ ߔߒ߽ߢޔ㔛ⷐ߇ᵷ↢ߔࠆ߆߽ߒࠇ߹ߖࠎޕ ⊝ߐࠎ⥄り߇࠳ߣߥࠅ࠼ࡦࡉޔ⍮ᐲ߇㜞ߊߥࠇ߫ߩࠣࡦࠖ࠹ࠤࡑޔᯏળߪᩰᲑߦჇ߃ ߹ߔ߁߁ߎޕㄘᬺ⠪ߪㅢᐕߢ༡ᬺߒߡ߹ߒߡޔᯏળߪᄢߒ߹ߔߩߘޔߒ߆ߒޕߩ⽶⩄߽ಽ ᢔߐߖࠄࠇ߹ߔߒޔࠃࠅ߽㊀ⷐߥߩߪࠍࠢࠬޔㅢᐕߢಽᢔߐߖࠆߎߣ߽ߢ߈߹ߔޕ ߘ߁ߥࠅ߹ߔߣޔᓥᬺຬߩ㔌⡯₸࿁ォ߽ᛥ߃ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔߒޔᐲ߽➅ࠅߒ⎇ୃᢎ⢒ࠍߒߚ ࠅ⾓ޔ㊄ࠍᒁ߈ߍߚࠅޔᚻᒰࠍήℂߦᒁ߈ߍߚࠅߒߥߊߡ߽ቯ⊛ߦ߈ᚻࠍࠠࡊߔࠆߎߣ߇ ߢ߈ޔ㘈ቴࠨࡆ߽ࠬࠃߊߢ߈߹ߔޕᏱߦߟߢ߽߅ቴ᭽ߣࠦࡦ࠲ࠢ࠻ࠍㅢᐕߢᜬߞߡࠆࠊߌߢߔޕ ৻ᐕਛ߅ઃ߈ว߇ࠆߩߢ߅ޔቴ᭽ߩᅢߺޔะ߅ޔቴ᭽߇ࠍ᳞ߡࠆߩ߆ࠍ⍮ࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ ߢߔޕ ᛛⴚߪߣߡ߽㊀ⷐߢߔߦ߁ࠃߩߎޕႺ⇇߇ߥߥࠬࡓࠪޔಾࠅ߇ߥCSAᐲߪ㊀ⷐߢߔޕ ߹ߕߪߘߩ‛ᵹ▤ℂߩߚߦ࠺࠲ࡌࠬ߇ᔅⷐߢߔ߅ߩࠬࡌࡉࠚ߽߽࠙ߤ⑳ޕቴ᭽ߣߩࠗࡦ࠲ ࡈࠚࠬ߇ߞߡࠅ߿ߢࡦࠗࡦࠝޔขࠅ߇ߢ߈߹ߔߢࡦࠗࡦࠝޕല₸⊛ߦㄘኅߣߒߡ߿ࠆߎߣ߇ ߢ߈߹ߔ߿ߪ߽ޕ㧝ኻ㧝ߢߪߥߊޔ߫߃ࠍࠬࠚࡈ࠲ࡦࠗߩ࠲ࡘࡇࡦࠦޔ ޟ㧝ኻᄙᢙ߁ߣޠ ߎߣߢㄘኅߣ⍮ࠅว߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔߒ⽼ߢ࠻ࠗࠨࡉࠚ࠙ޔᄁ߽ߒߡ߹ߔࡦࠗࡦࠝࠆࠁࠊޕᐫ ⥩߽ࠅㄘ↥‛߇⽼ᄁߐࠇߡ߹ߔޕ ߎߩࠃ߁ߥႺ⇇ߣಾࠅ߇ߥࡕ࠺࡞ߢߩ㎛ߪࡄ࠻࠽ࠪ࠶ࡊߢߔ⚻ޕᷣ⊛ⅣႺࠍోߔࠆߣ ߁ᗧߢ߽␠ࠄ߆ࠇߘޔળ⊛ߥᯏળࠍࠆߚߩࡀ࠶࠻ࡢࠢࠍࠆߎߣ߇൮⊛ߦ᳞ࠄࠇߡ߹ ߔ↥↢ߩ߆߶ޕ⠪ߣ߽දജࠍߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠅ߹ߖࠎޕరߩ߶߆ߩ↢↥⠪ߣ㑐ଥࠍࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ ߣଏ⛎ജోࠍ㜞ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔ⌀ޕⓨᏪ߇ࠅߦࠆࠊߌߢߪߥߩߢߔ߅ޕ㓞ࠆߪ↸ ߩะߎ߁ߢ߇ߎߞߡࠆ߆⍮ߞߡࠆߩߢޔખ㑆ߩ↢↥⠪ߩജࠍ୫ࠅࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ߅ቴ᭽ߦኻߒ ߡࠃࠅᄙߊߩ߽ߩࠍଏ⛎ߢ߈߹ߔࠆߥ⇣ߪࠇߎޕⓃ‛ࠍ‛↥↢ࠆߥ⇣ޔᄁࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ߆߽ߒࠇ߹ ߖࠎޕ㊁⩿ߛߌࠍᩱၭߒߡߡ߽ޔຠ㘩⡺ࡄࡦߩ߆߶ߪࠆޔ㜞ઃടଔ୯ຠࠍଏ⛎ߢ߈ ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠆ߆߽ߒࠇ߹ߖࠎࠍࠬࡆࠨ࡞ࡈޔߣࠆߥ߁ߘޕឭଏߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠅ߹ߔ↥↢ߩ߆߶ޕ ⠪ߣදജߔࠆߣࠬࠢࠍᷫߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔ߽ߢߟޕᄁࠆ߽ߩ߇ࠆ߽ߢߟޔߩḮ߇ ࠆߎߣߪ↢↥⠪ߦߣߞߡᄢ߈ߥࠬ࠻ࠬߩシᷫߦߥࠅ߹ߔޕ ߅ቴ᭽ߩḩ⿷ᐲ߽㜞ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔޕ ࠃࠅᄙߊߩ߽ߩࠍ৻⽾ᕈ߇ࠆ߆ߚߜߢଏ⛎ߢ߈߹ߔߒޔᣂߒຠ⒳ߚ߹ޔߩ߽ࠃߩ⾰ߪࠆޔ ⽼ᄁ߇ߢ߈ࠆቄ▵ߩࠪ࠭ࡦ߽િ߫ߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔޕ หߢࡄ࠻࠽ࠪ࠶ࡊࠍ᭴▽ߔࠆߎߣߪޔ ߘࠇߩࠗࡌࡦ࠻ߦෳടࠍߒߚࠅߣ❱⚵ߥ߹ߑ߹ߐޔ㑐ଥࠍߞߚࠅޔㄘߩోᵴേߥߤ߇⠨߃ࠄࠇ ߹ߔޕ㘩ຠߩోޔⅣႺߩోߪࠆޔஜᐽ㗴ߣ߽ߟߥ߇ߞߡ߈߹ߔ␠ࠅ߹ߟޕળߩߎߣࠍᧄᒰ ߦ᳇ߦដߌߡࠆߣ߁ᗧߢޔ࿖ߩ⽸₂ੱޔ࿖ߩ⼔⠪ޔర↢↥⠪ߣߒߡ⌀ታߩ⡛ߥሽޔ ⌀ߦᱜߒሽߣߒߡ⥄ࠄࠍ⏕┙ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔޕ ࡈ࡞ࠨࠢ࡞ࡈࠔࡓ㧦ᣂߒ࠲ࠗࡊߩCSAࡕ࠺࡞ ߢߪᣂߒ࠲ࠗࡊߩCSAߣ߁ߎߣߢޕߔ߹ߒ⚫ࠍޠࡓࠔࡈ࡞ࠢࠨ࡞ࡈޟ߇ࠊޔ㐳↵ߢ 30 ߔߪࠇߎޕ᳓⩿ߢߔޕCSAߢᩱၭߒߡࠆ᳓⩿ࠍ㐳↵߇ⓠߒߡ߹ߔޕ ࠊ߇ࡈ࡞ࠨࠢ࡞ࡈࠔࡓߢߔ߇ߪߩߚߒࡦࡊࠝޔ1995ᐕߢߔߣ⑳ޕᆄߢᆎ߹ߒߚߤ⑳ޕ ߽ߩߪߢ߈ࠆ㒢ࠅຠ⾰߇ࠃㄘ↥‛ࠍࠆߎߣߢߒߚߪߦߚߩߘޕ෩ᩰߦࠝࠟ࠾࠶ࠢߩࠟࠗ ࠼ࠗࡦࠍߞߡ߹ߔޕⅣႺࠍࠆߎߣࠍ߈ߜࠎߣ⠨߃ߟ߆ޔ㐳ᦼ⊛ߦ߽ᜬ⛯น⢻ߥㄘᬺߩᣇᴺࠍ ߞߡ߹ߔޕ 㧟ࠛࠞߢᆎ߹ߒߚ߇ߪߢޔ㕙Ⓧߪ260ࠛࠞߦߥߞߡ߹ߔޕኅᣖㄘ႐ߢ႐ᚲߪࡢࠪࡦ ࠻ࡦᎺߩࠞࡀ࡚ࠪࡦߢߔߩ࡞࠻ࠕࠪߪࠇߎޕਅ↸߆ࠄ35ಽ߶ߤゞߢࠆߣ⌕߈߹ߒߡ࡞ࠞࡁࠬޔ ࡒᎹߩᵹၞߢߔߩߎޕᎹߪᄥᐔᵗߩർㇱߣࠕࠬࠞߦᵹࠇㄟࠎߢ߹ߔߪࠇࠊࠇࠊޕ75ࠍ߃ࠆㄘ ↥‛ࡂࡉᨐ‛ߩࡌࠍ↢↥ߒߡ߹ߔߌࠇߤ߽ޔᲤᐕࠕࡔࠞߩㄘോ⋭߆ࠄࠝࠟ࠾࠶ࠢߣ ߒߡ⸽ࠍฃߌߡࠆ߽ߩ߫߆ࠅߢߔޕరߩ↢↥⠪30␠એߣࡄ࠻࠽ࠍ⚵ࠎߢ߹ߔޕᄙߊߩ ↢↥⠪ߪⷫߒੱห⋖ߦߥࠅ߹ߒߡޔ⎕✋ߒߡࠆ߆߽ߒࠇߥ㘩‛ㅪ㎮ߩᵹࠇࠍᤚᱜߒࠃ߁ ߣߒߡ߹ߔޕ ᶖ⾌⠪ߪࠊ߇ㄘ႐ߩຠࠍ⾈ߞߡߚߛߊߩߢࠇ߫ޔ15ࠞᚲߩࡈࠔࡑ࠭ࡑࠤ࠶࠻ޔ50ࠍ ߃ࠆరߩࠬ࠻ࡦߢ⾼⾨ߒߡߚߛߊߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔޕ20ㄭ㕍ᨐᐫߢ߽⽼ᄁߒߡ߹ ߔ߽ߦޕᵹߒߡ߹ߔޕ ࠃࠅ߽㊀ⷐߥߩߪߩࠇࠊࠇࠊޔCSAࡊࡠࠣࡓߦ㧠ජࠍ߃ࠆࡔࡦࡃߦട⋖ࠍߒߡߚߛߊ߆ ߚߜߢㄘ႐ࠍេഥߒߡߚߛߊߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔޕ60ੱࠍ߃ࠆᓥᬺຬ߇ߡߡޔᐕ㑆ࠍㅢߒߡᩱ ၭ൮ⵝ⩄ࠍߒߢߍ߆߅ߩߘޔᐕ㑆ߩᄁࠅߍߪ500ਁ☨࠼࡞ࠍ߃ߡ߹ߔޕ ߒ߆ߒߢߜߚ߆ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޔᏱߦߞߚࠊߌߢߪࠅ߹ߖࠎޕ㧟ࠛࠞߣ߁㕖Ᏹߦዊߐߥⷙᮨ ߆ࠄߣ⑳ޔᆄߩ㧞ੱߢᆎߚ߽ߩߢߔߩߒߚࠊޘᤨޕఱᒉߦ߽ᚻવߞߡ߽ࠄ߹ߒߚޕ㕖Ᏹߦዊⷙᮨ ߆ࠄᆎ߹ࠅ߹ߒߚߢߎߘޕ᳇߇ઃߚߩߪߩߘޔ㔛ⷐࠅ߹ߟޔࠬࡦࡖ࠴ࠄ߆ࠇߘޔ㘩ߩḮߣߩߟߥ߇ ࠅࠍ᳞ࠆᯏળߦࠃߞߡߤࠎߤࠎᚑഞߢ߈ࠆޔᚑ㐳ߢ߈ࠆߣ߁ߎߣߢߔోߪࠇߎޕຬߦߣߞߡߢ߈ ࠆߎߣߢߪࠅ߹ߖࠎߌࠇߤ߽ߪߡߞߣߦ߽ߤ⑳ޔ㕖Ᏹߦᚑഞߒߚࡕ࠺࡞ߛߞߚࠊߌߢߔޔࠅ߹ߟޕ ฎ߈ᤨઍߩવ⛔ߣㄭઍ⊛ߥᛛⴚࠍ⚵ߺวࠊߖࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡߩ߽ߤ⑳ޔCSAࡊࡠࠣࡓߪㄘ႐࿕ߩ ᧄ᧪߃ᜬߞߚଔ୯ࠍᵴ↪ߒߡߔ߹ߔ߹ޔᐢ߇ࠆ㘈ቴࡌࠬߩ࠾࠭ߦߎߚ߃ߡࠆߎߣߢߔޕ ࡈ࡞ࠨࠢ࡞ߩCSAࡊࡠࠣࡓߪ☨ޔ࿖ߢ߽ᦨᄢߩࡊࡠࠣࡓߩ৻ߟߢߔࡃࡦࡔߥࡉࠖ࠹ࠢࠕޕ ᢙߪ4,500ߢߔޕ㧝ㅳᒰߚࠅ2,400▫ߩ㈩㆐ࠄ߆ࠇߘޔ100▎ᚲએߩCSAࡇ࠶ࠢࠕ࠶ࡊࠨࠗ࠻ ߦኻߒߡ߽㈩㆐ࠍߒߡ߹ߔߩߎߚ߹ޕCSAࡊࡠࠣࡓߩࠬ࠲࠻એ᧪ޔ㧝ਁ㧞ජᏪࠍ߃ࠆኅᣖ ߦᯏ㘩ຠࠍឭଏߒߡ߹ߔޕ ⁛⥄ߩ࠹ࠢࡁࡠࠫࠍ㐿⊒ߒ߹ߒߡࠍࡓࠣࡠࡊߩߎޔല₸⊛ߦㆇ༡ߒߡ߹ߔޕ൮⊛ߥ࠺࠲ ࡌࠬߦࠃߞߡߎߩࡏ࠶ࠢࠬߩਛりࠍߞߚࠅߥࠈࠈߚ߹ޔડ↹⚻ޔᷣ⊛ߥ⋙ⷞ⋙〈〝ޔᵹ ㅢߩࡊࡦ࠾ࡦࠣࠍߔߴߡߩ൮ⵝߡߒߘޔᵹㅢߦ㑐ߒߡⴕ߹ߔࠬࡌࡑ࠲ࠬࠞߩࠬࡌࡉࠚ࠙ޕ ߩࠗࡦ࠲ࡈࠚ߽ࠬࠅ߹ߔߩߢߩࡃࡦࡔߡߞࠃߦࠇߎޔᵴേࠍല₸⊛ߦㅊ߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔޕ ߹ߚߩࡓࠣࡠࡊޔ㘈ቴߩߚߩୃᱜ߽◲⚛ൻߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔࠄ߆ߔߢޕ㘈ቴߩ߶߁ߢᲤㅳ⥄ಽ ߚߜߦ㈩㆐ߐࠇࠆࡏ࠶ࠢࠬߩਛりࠍᦧߒߚࠅޔ㈩㆐ౝኈࠍ߃߫ㅳߪߎࠇߪⷐࠄߥߣᄌᦝߔࠆ ߣ߆ޔ㈩㆐ߩࠬࠤࠫࡘ࡞߽߃߫⥄ಽߚߜ߇ભᥜߢ߆ߌࠆߩߢᄌ߃ߚߣ߆࠭࠾ߥࠈࠈޔ ߦวࠊߖߡ㘈ቴߩ߶߁ߢ◲නߦᄌ߃ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔޕ 31 ࠝࡦࠗࡦࠬ࠻ࠕ߽㐿⊒ߒ߹ߒߚߩޘੱޕᵈᢥߣ߁ߎߣߢߣߞ߽ߣߞ߽ޟ᰼ߒߦ߆߶ޕ߇ࠝ ࡈࠔߢ߈ࠆߩ߆ߣޠ⡞߆ࠇ߹ߒߚޕଢߥ߆ߚߜߢㅊടߩࠕࠗ࠹ࡓߣߞ߽߫߃ޔᨐ‛߇⾈ߚ ߣ߆ޔᨐ‛ߛߌߢߥߊ㊁⩿߇⾈ߚߣ߆ޔ㜞ઃടଔ୯ߩઃߚ߽ߩࠍ⾈ߚߣ߆ޕߔߢޔᯏࠦ ࡅߩળ␠߇ࠪࠕ࠻࡞ࡌࠬߢࡍࠕ࠻࠼ࠍⴕߞߡ߹ߔߌࠇߤ߽߫߃߇ࠇߘޔෆߣ߆ㄭᚲߩ ߶߆ߩㄘ႐ߩⓃ‛ߥߤࠍㅊടߢ⾈ߚߣ߈ߦࠝࡦࠗࡦࠍ߹ߔޕCSAߩㄘ႐ߣ߁ߩߪ㕖Ᏹߦ ੱ᳇߇ࠅ߹ߔ߽ߡߞߣߦ࡞ࠢࠨ࡞ࡈޕ㕖Ᏹߦࠛࠠࠨࠗ࠹ࠖࡦࠣߥᤨᦼߢߒߚߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕᚑ㐳 ࠍ㆐ᚑߢ߈ߚߩߪ㕖Ᏹߦߔ߫ࠄߒ߆ߞߚࠊߌߢߔޕ 1990ᐕઍᒰᤨ☨ޔ࿖ోߢ60ߒ߆CSAㄘ႐߇ߥ߆ߞߚߩߦޔߪ1,700ࠍ߃ࠆㄘ႐߇CSAࠍ߿ ߞߡ߹ߔ߇⽼⋥ޔࠣࡦࠖ࠹ࠤࡑ࠻ࠢࠗ࠳ޕ㕖Ᏹߦੱ᳇ߦߥߞߡ߹ߔࠤࡑ࠭ࡑࠔࡈޕ ࠶࠻ߪ㧠ජࠍ߃ߡ߹ߔޕCSAߩㄘ႐ߪ⋥ធߩ㑐ଥࠍᵴ↪ߒߡߣࠎߜ߈ࠍ࠼ࡦ࠻ߩߎޔᵴ↪ߒߡ ߹ߔޕ ᚑഞߩ㎛ ᚑഞ߳ߩ㎛ߣ߁ߎߣߢߔ߇ޔ ߽ߣ߽ߣᧄ᧪߃ᜬߞߡࠆ࿕ߩଔ୯ࠍᵴ↪ߔࠆߣ߁ߎߣߢߔޕ ⑳߇ᧄᣣ⊝ߐࠎߦ߅વ߃ߒߚᦨ߽㊀ⷐߥࡔ࠶ࠫߩ৻ߟ߇ޔㄘ႐߇ᧄ⾰⊛ߦ߃ᜬߞߡࠆᒝߺ ࠍᄁࠆߎߣߢߔޕᄙߊߩળ␠ડᬺ߇⊖ਁ࠼࡞߽⾌߿ߒߡ⥄ޔಽߚߜߩળ␠ߩຠࠍᶖ⾌⠪ߦ⚊ᓧ ߒߡ߽ࠄ߁ࠃ߁ߦദജߒߡ߹ߔ⥄ޕಽߚߜߩຠ߇ߤࠇߊࠄߔ߫ࠄߒ߆ߦ⊖ਁ࠼࡞߽Ფᐕ⾌ ߿ߒߡࠆળ␠߇ᄙਛߢޔㄘኅߩ⑳ߚߜߪߚߛ⥄ಽߚߜߩࠬ࠻ࠍવ߃ࠇ߫ߛߌߢߔ↢ޕ ↥⠪ߪ⥄ಽߚߜ߇ߩᶖ⾌⠪߇᳞ߡࠆᄙߊߩଔ୯ࠍᣢߦ߃ᜬߞߡࠆߎߣߦ᳇ઃߊᔅⷐ߇ ࠅ߹ߔޕ ஜోߥଔ୯߳ߩ࠻ࡦ࠼߇ࠆߎߣߪ☨࿖ߛߌߢߪߥߣᕁ߹ߔ߇ޔ ߩᶖ⾌⠪ߩ㑆ߢߪஜᐽޔ ␠ળޔⅣႺߦ㑐ߔࠆ㗴ࠍ⸃ߔࠆࠃ߁ߥᣂߒଔ୯ߦ㕖Ᏹߦੱ᳇߇㓸߹ߞߡ߹ߔޕኅᣖ⚻༡ߩㄘ ᬺ⠪ߣߒߡߥ߁ࠃߩߎߪ߽ߤ⑳ޔଔ୯ࠍᧄ⢻⊛ߦવ߃ᜬߞߡ߹ߔࠍࠇߎޔࠄ߆ߔߢޕታ⸽ߒߡߎߩ ࠃ߁ߥଔ୯ࠍᣣޘឭଏߒߡࠆࠊߌߢߔߦ࠼ࡦ࠻ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕਸ਼ߞߡ࿕ߩଔ୯ࠍᵴ↪ߒߡޔ㘩ߩ ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩਛߢ࠳ߣߒߡㄘᬺ⠪߇ᵴべߔࠆࠃ߁ߥᤨઍߦߥߞߡ߈ߚߣ⸒߃߹ߔޕ ㄘᬺ⠪↢↥⠪߽৻⇟ਅߩߣߎࠈߦᱷࠆᔅⷐߪߥࠊߌߢߔߣߞ߽ޕᒝജߥჿࠍᜬߞߡ࠳ޔ ߣߒߡᵴべߔࠆᤨઍ߇߿ߞߡ߈ߚߣᕁ߹ߔޕஜᐽ⊛ߥὐߢߔޕஜᐽᗧ⼂ߩ㜞ᶖ⾌⠪ߪޔᓥ᧪ ဳߩㄘ⮎ࠍߞߚㄘᬺߦઍࠊࠆ߽ߩࠍ᳞ߡ߹ߔޕ㕖Ᏹߦ෩ߒஜᐽ㕙ߩ㗴ߣᲕ⯻ㄘ⮎ࠍ㑐 ㅪઃߌࠆേ߈߇߹ߔ߹ߔࠄࠇߡ߹ߔߩߎޕਛߢஜᐽߩᗧ⼂ߩ㜞ઍߢߪᩕ㙃ߩ㗴߽㕖Ᏹߦᄢ ߈ࠊߌߢߔޕሶߤ߽ߩ⢈ḩߩ㗴♧ޔዩ∛ޔᩕ㙃ᄬ⺞߇≸ߚ߹ޔᵹⴕߒߟߟࠅ߹ߔޕ ࠕࡔࠞߢߪᦨ߽㊀ⷐߥஜᐽߩ㗴ߪਥߦሶߤ߽ߦ㑐ߔࠆ㗴ߢߔߩߘޕਛߢ߽ᄢ߈ߥ㗴ߣߒߡ ߍࠄࠇߡࠆ߽ߩߪޔᓐࠄߩ㘩᧚ߩḮ߇㕖Ᏹߦᖡൻߒߡࠆߎߣߢߔޔ߆ߣ࠼ࡈ࠻ࠬࠔࡈޕ㜞ࠞ ࡠߥടᎿ㘩ຠࠍሶߤ߽ߚߜ߇ߚߊߐࠎ㘩ߴߡߡ⥄ࠆࠁࠊޔὼ㘩ຠޔኅᐸߢࠄࠇߚࠃ߁ߥ㘩 ຠࠍ㘩ߴߥߊߥߞߡߒ߹ߞߚߎߣߢߔޕቇᩞߦ߅ߡ߽ቇᩞ⛎㘩ߪᩕ㙃ߢߪߥߊ⾗ޔ㊄ࠦࠬ࠻ߢ ࠄࠇߡߒ߹ߞߡࠆߩ߇⁁ߢߔޕ ߒ߆ߒޔCSAࡕ࠺࡞ߪᶖ⾌⠪ߦㄘᬺ⠪߇⥄ಽߚߜߩㄘᬺࠍ⋥ធ⺑ߢ߈߹ߔ⥄ޔߡߞࠃߦࠇߎޕಽ ߚߜߩ㘩ຠ߇ߤߎ߆ࠄ᧪ߡࠆߩ߆ߦା㗬ࠍᜬߞߡ߽ࠄ߃ࠆࠊߌߢߔޕ 32 ᰴߦ␠ળ⊛ߥὐߢߔޕㄘ႐ࠍਛᔃߣߒߚၞߩ᭴▽ߢCSAㄘ႐ߪੱࠍޘㄘ႐ߦࠎߢ߹ߔޕ ߃߫ቇᩞߩ㆙⿷ߪߤ߁߿ߞߡ‛߇ᩱၭߐࠇߡࠆߩ߆ࠍߖࠆℂᗐ⊛ߥ႐ߢߔޔߡߒߘޕ㘩ຠߩ વ⛔ࠍવ߃ࠆቇᩞߩ࠷ࠕߥࠈࠈޔⓠ⑂⪲ߜ⪭ߚ߹ޔᜪߩࡄ࠹ࠖߣ߆߽ࠅ߹ߔ․ޕ ߥᢱℂࠗࡌࡦ࠻ߥߤࠍߔࠆߣޔฬߥࠬ࠻ࡦߩࠪࠚࡈߥߤࠍࠎߢࠈࠈߥ࠹ࡑࠍᜬߞߚ࠺ ࠖ࠽ࠍឭଏߒ߹ߔߡߞࠃߦࠇߘޕㄘ႐ࠍߞߡߥࠈࠈޔㄘ႐ࠍ࡚ࠪࠤࠬߣߒߡޔరߢ↢ ↥ߐࠇߚ㕖Ᏹߦ߅ߒ㘩ຠࠍߖࠆࠊߌߢߔࠍ࠽ࠖ࠺ߥ߁ࠃߩߘޕ᥉ㅢߦࠬ࠻ࡦߢ㘩ߴࠆߩ ߢࠇ߫ޔ㕖Ᏹߦ㜞߅㊄߇߆߆ࠆࠊߌߢߔޕㄘᬺ߇ߤ߁߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߩ߆ࠍߖࠆߩߦ㕖Ᏹߦ ᓎߦ┙ߜ߹ߔޕ ߹ߚޔၞߩ⚵❱ߣߩࠦࡏ࡚ࠪࡦ߽ࠅ߹ߔޕCSAߩㄘ႐ߪ㘩ຠࠍߞߡߟߥ߇ࠅࠍታߒ ߹ߔߢ࠻࠶ࠤࡑ࠭ࡑࠔࡈ߽⑳ޕࠍߒ߹ߒߚߌࠇߤ߽ߡߞߣߟ৻ࡦࠫࡦ࠾߫߃ߪࠇߎޔ ߽߅ޔ㊄ߩขࠅᛒߛߌߢߪߥߊߡߣࠈࠈޔᢎ߃ߚࠅ߅ޔߡߒࠍߣࠈࠈߚ߹ޔቴߣળࠍ ߔࠆߣ߁ߎߣߪ㕖Ᏹߦ㕙⊕ߎߣߢߔࡦࠫࡦ࠾ޕ㧝ᧄߢࠈࠈߥળ߇ᐢ߇ࠅ߹ߔޕ ߣ߁ߎߣߢޔᚑഞߒߡࠆㄘ႐ߪߎߩࠃ߁ߥ߆ߚߜߢ⥄ಽߚߜߩ␠ળߣߩᵹ㕙ࠍᐢߍߡޔᣂߒ ࡔࡦࡃߩടࠍଦㅴߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔߩ࠼ࡈࡠࠬߪߡߒߣޕേ߈ޔ ࡞ࠣ࡞ࡏࠦ࠶ࡠޟ ࡊޔࡦ࠺ࠟࠖ࠹࠾ࡘࡒࠦޔߚ߹ޕߔ߹ࠅ߇ࡊ࡞ࠣࠆࠇࠊ⸒ߣޠ ࡠࠗࡃࡘࠪ࠶ࡈࠗࡃޟ ࠞ࡞㧔ᣂ㞲ߥ߽ߩࠍరߢ⾈߁㧕 ޔࡦࡍࡦࡖࠠޠ ߩޠࠕ࠹ࠚࡈࠞ࠘࠻ࡓࠔࡈޟขࠅ⚵ߺޔ ㄭ㓞ߩࡈࠔࡑ࠭ࡑࠤ࠶࠻ޔㄘోࡊࡠࠣࡓߥߤߢߔޕ ߎߎߢࠍࠅ߇ߥߟޔᜬߟߎߣߩ㊀ⷐᕈࠍߗ߭ᒝ⺞ߒߚߣᕁ߹ߔߩߎޕᵴേߎߘ߇߹ߐߦㄘ႐ߦ ࠳ࠪ࠶ࡊߩࡐ࡚ࠫࠪࡦࠍ߽ߚࠄߒోࠖ࠹࠾ࡘࡒࠦޔߦኻߒߡା㗬ᕈࠍ߮ߎߔߎߣ߇ߢ ߈ࠆߣᕁ߹ߔޔߚ߹ޕⅣႺߩὐ߽ࠅ߹ߔᦨޕㄭࡔ࠺ࠖࠕ⸥ߥࠈࠈߩࡒࠦࠬࡑޔ߿ႎ ࠍߡޔⅣႺ㗴߇ขࠅߍࠄࠇߥᣣߪߥߢߒࠂ߁ޕ᷷ᥦൻߩ㗴ޔᳪᨴ↢⥄ޔ↢ᕷ߇⎕ უߐࠇߡࠆߎߣߥ߁ࠃߩߎޔᄢ߈ߥⅣႺߩ㗴ߦ⑳ߤ߽ߪ⋥㕙ߒߡ߹ߔޕ ⅣႺ㗴ߦࠃߞߡᶖ⾌⠪ߩⴕേ߇ᄢ߈ߊᄌൻߒ߹ߒߚࠍࡦࠣࠆࠁࠊޕᅢะߦࠃߞߡޔ CSAࡊࡠࠣࡓߩࠃ߁ߥᜬ⛯ᕈߩࠆડᬺ߳ߩ㔛ⷐ߇ᄢ߈ߊિ߮ߡ߹ߔޕㄘᬺ⠪ߪ⸒߁߹ߢ߽ߥ ߊޔߩ⼔ੱੱߢࠆࠊߌߢߔޔࠖ࠹࠾ࡘࡒࠦޔࠄ߆ߔߢޕၞ␠ળߩਛߢߩදജߢ ࠅࡐࠫ࠹ࠖࡉߥ⹏್ߣᮭᆭࠍ⸽ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߡߩߎޔଔ୯ࠍᵴ↪ߒߡࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖࠍⅣႺᓳ⥝ ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߦ㑐ਈߒߡ߽ࠄ߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔߒޔၞߩੱߦޘㄘ႐ߦ᧪ߡ߽ࠄߞߡࡌࡦࡕࠨޔ ߩߤߥࡓ࠻ࠬޔ⒳ᬀ߃ࠍᚻવߞߡ߽ࠄ߁ߎߣ߽ߢ߈߹ߔޕ ߹ߚޔᯏᩱၭࠍߔࠆߎߣߪޔㄘߦߛߌߥߊޔ㊁↢↢‛ߦߣߞߡ߽ޔၞߩⓨ᳇߿᳓ߩ⾰ߦ ߣߞߡ߽ߎߣߢߔޔߡߒߘޕ㕖વ⛔⊛↢‛ߩࠕ࠙࠻࠶࠻ࠍߞߡ⧎↢߫߃ޔᐫߩࠃ߁ߥߣߎ ࠈࠍߞߡCSAߩㄘ႐ߪࠛࡀ࡞ࠡᶖ⾌ࠍᷫࠄߔߎߣ߽ߢ߈߹ߔߒޔㅍߢઍᦧ╷ࠍឭଏߔࠆߎߣ߽ ߢ߈߹ߔޔߡߒߘޕᖺᤊోߩஜᐽஜోߦ㑐ߔࠆᗧ⼂ࠍะߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔ࠾ࠟࠝޕ ࠶ࠢߢࡃࠗࠝ࠳ࠗ࠽ࡒ࠶ࠢߩࡊࡠࠬߪ↢ᚑࡕ࠺࡞ߢᄢ߈ߥ࠴ࡖࡦࠬࠍ↢ߺߒ߹ߔޕવ⛔⊛ߥ㕍ᨐ ᐫ߿ࠍᜬߟᔅⷐߪࠅ߹ߖࠎ⥄ޕಽߚߜߩ↢↥‛ࠍᄁࠆߚߦ⥄ޔಽߚߜ⥄りߢ⥄ಽߚߜߩ㘈ቴࠍ តߖ߫ࠊߌߢߔޕ 33 ߅ࠊࠅߦ ᦨᓟߦߎߎߦߪࠝࡐ࠴ࡘ࠾࠹ࠖߥࠣࡦࠖ࠹ࠗࠨ߽ࠠࠛᦨ߇ࠇߎޕߔ߹ࠅ߇ࠬࡦࡖ࠴ޔㇱಽߛߣ ᕁ߹ߔ⥄߭ߗࠍࠬࡦࡖ࠴ޔࠖ࠹࠾ࡘ࠴ࡐࠝߩߎޕಽߩ࠴ࡖࡦࠬߦߒ߹ߒࠂ߁߿࡞࡞ߪߦࠇߎޕ ⚂ߪోߊࠅ߹ߖࠎߩߚߥޕㄘ႐ߩᧄᒰߩẜജࠍታߒߡޔၞߦ⡯ࠍឭଏߔࠆ࠴ࡖࡦࠬߢ ࠆࠊߌߢߔ⥄߭ߗޔࠄ߆ߔߢޕಽߚߜߩ᧪ߪ⥄ಽߚߜߢࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡞ߒ߹ߒࠂ߁ޕㄘᬺߦߣߞߡߪ 㕖Ᏹߦࠛࠠࠨࠗ࠹ࠖࡦࠣߥᤨઍߦࠆߣᕁߞߡ߹ߔޕ ߟ߹ࠅޔㄘᬺ⠪߇␠ળߩਛߢଔ୯ࠆࡔࡦࡃߣߒߡࠄࠇࠆᤨઍߦࠆࠊߌߢߔޕᢎ߃ࠆޔዉ ߊߡߒߘޔദജࠍߒߡࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖߩਛߢ⥄ὼ㘩ຠో㘩ຠߩ㘩ߩࠪࠬ࠹ࡓࠍଔ୯ߩࠆ߽ߩߣ ߒߡߡߊߎߣߢߔᦨޕᓟߦޔฬߥੱߩ࡞ࡁࡔߩޟ㘩ߴࠆߣ߁ߎߣߪㄘᬺ⊛ߥᵴേߢ ࠆߣߚߖࠄࠊ⚳ߢ⪲⸒߁ߣޠᕁ߹ߔޕߚߒ߹ߑߏ߁ߣ߇ࠅޕ 34 The History of Community Supported Agriculture Indian Line Farm is one two farms that pioneered the original CSA market channel model in 1986 within the U.S.. Its visionary, Robin Van En, is pictured above packing crop shares for its members. CSA in the U.S.A. • The first CSA model in the United States began in 1986 on two small farms in the Northeast. Indian Line Farm and Temple-Wilton Community Farm created a on-farm, shared harvest, direct-to-consumer Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) connection. Popular opinion recognizes the early 1970s-era Japanese “teikei” practice as one of the sources from which the United States CSA model originated. “Teikei” is the partnership with local farmers through subscription and arose in Japan from a group of women’s alarm with the use of toxic pesticides. Complementary factors can be found from biodynamic agricultural traditions found in Switzerland and Germany and in the cultivation of Austrian Rudolph Steiner’s (1861-1925) utopian-like ideologies. • The CSA model provides farms with an additional marketing channel, which allows farmers to connect directly with their customers. • Early CSA programs operated on a subscription basis and were generally smallscale sustainable farms. Investing in the Future of Farming Why Choose a CSA? Farmers benefit from: CSA Models THE CSA – ONLY Model Consumers benefit from: • Guaranteed sales / demand • Guaranteed product / supply • Widespread customer base • Inclusion in a like-minded community • Control over the market price • Safe and local food source • Increase profit margin • Fresher and more nutritious food • Sustains small farms • Affordable • Control over the planting and harvest schedule • Sustain small farms Profile: Small farm (Gross income $10-40K / year), about 80% income subsidized by off-farm job. Typical of early CSA utopian model of 100% shared risk-reward. Popular option for new growers. Operations: Small amount of employees (typically family and CSA members), all products produced and distributed on farm. Benefits (+) : ¾ Low input/ low output ¾ Minimal packing and distribution ¾ Farm as ‘Centerpiece’ Hindrances (-) : ¾ Seasonality ¾ Difficulty generating new customers ¾ Supply issues – ¾ too much or too little ¾ lack of variety 35 㧼㧼㨀㧠㗁ಽ߇ࠅ߹ߔ CSA Models CSA Models CSA – A Model Without Boundaries CSA as a Complement Model Profile: Medium-size farm (Gross income $50-500K / year), primary income is farm-based. Uses non-family employees. Profile: Medium-to-Large Farm (Gross income $500K +). Farm holds a ‘Think-outside-thebox’ attitude. Highly visible in the community. Operations: Additional infrastructure and marketing requirements, sells using a variety of marketing channels including farmers markets, U-pick, wholesale, and retail. Distribution on and off farm through pick-up sites. Operations: Farms utilize their unique strengths to create systems, which give increased control over operations to the farmer. Enhance beneficial attributes of ‘CSA as a Complement’ model Make CSA retail channel the anchoring point, securing and supporting additional marketing opportunities. Benefits (+): ¾ Increase economy of scale ¾ Reduces risk ¾ Maximize yields / no waste ¾ Maximizes profit Year round operations Spreads opportunities, workload, and risk throughout the year Less employee turnover Less need for training and opportunity for increased wage and benefits Better customer service Hindrances (-): ¾ Seasonal ¾ Higher number of employees ¾ Greater infrastructure needs Technology Database – CSA logistical management Web-based customer service interface Website / Online Store CSA Models CSA – A Model Without Boundaries Partnerships: Build a network of economic, environmental, and social opportunities for the farm on a holistic level Collaboration with other producers Develop relationships with other local producers to enhance supply. Can include different crops or products i.e. meat, dairy, bread, and valueadded products. Decrease risk Increase customer satisfaction due to a better, more consistent supply: new varieties, higher quality, and season extension. Community involvement Engage in current events: farm-to-institution, farmland preservation, food safety, environmental and health issues Achieve authenticity as a socially conscious business, land steward, and local grower. A New Breed of CSA Full Circle CSA Model Full Circle Farm • Full Circle Farm was created in 1995 by Andrew Stout and his wife Wendy Munroe with the mission to grow the highest quality produce possible, by following strict organic guidelines, working in balance with the environment, and using long term sustainable farming methods. • Today it is a 260-acre family run farm located in Carnation, Washington along the banks of the Snoqualmie River, serving the Pacific NW and Alaska. • The farm grows and packs over 75 varieties of produce, herbs, and berries all certified Organic by the USDA each year. • Partners with over 30 local producers. • Consumers can find Full Circle products at 15 farmers markets, over 50 local restaurants, in nearly 20 grocery stores, via wholesale, and most importantly through our 4000+ member CSA Program. • Our 60 valuable employees grow, pack, and ship our produce year round and help the farm achieve sales exceeding $5 million USD. Combining ‘Old World’ TRADITION with modern TECHNOLOGY, our CSA Program leverages the farm’s inherent values meet the needs of our ever-expanding customer base. The Full Circle CSA Program is one of the largest in the United States. 4500 Active Members Deliver to over 100 CSA pick-up sites Organically feeding over 12,000 families since the CSA Program inception. We have developed proprietary technology to efficiently operate the Program. Extensive database, which allows content creation, economic oversight and logistics planning for packing and distribution. Web-based Customer Service interface which effectively tracks membership activity and simplifies Program modifications for the customer, like box content substitutions and delivery modifications Online store to allow members to conveniently purchase items in addition to their weekly CSA share. Driving further sales of fruits and vegetables in addition to value-added products, like organic chocolate, coffee, eggs, and grains. 36 CSA Farms are Popular U.S. 1990: 60 CSA farms U.S. 2007: 1700 plus CSA farms Keys to Success: Leverage Your Inherent Values Trend toward Wholesome Values Health Values In today’s consumer, there exists a new found popularity for values which support health, social, and environmental concerns. As family farmers we inherently possess these values. Therefore, farmers are able to capitalize on these trends to leverage their inherent values and emerge as leaders in the food system. Social Values Health conscious consumers are seeking alternatives to conventional / chemical agriculture. Severe health issues are increasingly being linked to pesticide-use. Nutrition concerns have become key factors in health conscious households. Childhood obesity, diabetes, malnutrition, and cancer are rising epidemics. The CSA Model allows the farmer to explain their growing practices directly to their customers providing them with confidence in in their food source. 37 Environmental Values Community building with the farm as the centerpiece. CSA farms are ideally suited to bring people onto the farm through school tours, harvest parties, gleaning operations, and special culinary events. Collaboration with community organizations CSA farms use food to connect. By supporting interest groups, successful farms can increase exposure and membership. Examples include: The Slow Food Movement, “Locovore” groups , Community Gardens, Buy Fresh Buy Local Campaigns, Farm-to-Cafeteria Initiatives, Neighborhood Farmers Markets, Farmland preservation programs Environmental concerns have produced significant changes in consumer behavior. The preference for “Green” options drive demand for sustainable enterprises, like CSA Programs. Farmers are natural stewards of the land, warranting a strong positive reputation and respect in the community. We can leverage this value by: Involving the community in environmental restoration projects. Growing organically Good for our farmland, wildlife, and local air and water quality By using non-traditional sales outlets (i.e. grocery stores), CSA farms reduce energy consumption, offer alternatives to packaging, increase awareness about planet health. Opportunity 38
© Copyright 2024 Paperzz
