RE pORTS - Reischauer Institute of Japanese Studies

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Harvard
Summer School
in Japan
Whaling
in 19 th Century
Japan
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Visiting
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EDWIN O. REISCHAUER INSTITUTE OF JAPANESE STUDIES
HARVARD UNIVERSITY
VOLUME 13 NUMBER 1 FALL 2008
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Did you know...
• RI funded or facilitated the travel to Japan
of 84 Harvard College students, from 22
concentrations, in 2007-08 and Summer 2008.
Among this group 33% were concentrators
in math, the sciences, or engineering.
• 35 Harvard College students held Summer
Internships in fields from finance to baseball,
from brain science to anime.
• Last year RI gave 54 awards to Harvard
graduate students for dissertation completion,
summer language study, research in Japan
and conference attendance.
• RI facilitates graduate student research
and professional development, supporting 8
Graduate Student Associates in residence.
• Harvard has 33 Japanese studies faculty,
making it one of the largest Japanese studies
centers in the world. Last year, there were
70 courses on Japan or with major content
on Japan.
• Last year RI organized and/or supported
over 65 seminars, collaborative study projects,
workshops, conferences, symposia, and
research projects.
Science, Japan, and Harvard:
A Growing Interest
Harvard undergraduates have been going to Japan for internships for 20 years. They have been
pursuing language study and thesis research in Japan for even longer. But until recently, most
students interested in Japan have come from concentrations in the humanities and social sciences.
However, two programs supported by the Reischauer Institute (RI) create opportunities for science
concentrators to gain experience in world-class Japanese laboratories, such that science concentrators are the fastest growing subset of students spending time in Japan with RI support.
The largest Harvard program in Japan specifically aimed at science concentrators is the Harvard
Summer School (HSS) Program at the RIKEN Brain Science Institute (BSI) near Tokyo. Started
two years ago by Takao K. Hensch, Professor of Molecular and Cellular Biology, FAS, and
Professor of Neurology, Children’s Hospital, the HSS Program at RIKEN BSI sends five to
seven undergraduates to Japan for an intensive 10-week summer program in the lab.
This intensive neuroscience program comprises two parts: independent laboratory research and a
lecture course. Students work alongside top researchers and technicians from Japan and elsewhere
on cutting-edge brain research in RIKEN BSI’s four core research areas: mind and intelligence,
neural circuit function, disease mechanism, and advanced technology development. Students in
this program earn two biological life science course credits, and they may also take a noncredit
course in introductory Japanese.
continued on page 6
• RI has 181 scholars and experts on Japan
in the greater New England community as
RI Associates in Research.
Photo: Kate Xie, Neurobiology ‘10
From fall 2007 through summer 2008, 84 Harvard
undergraduates went to Japan—more than ever
before. And a surprising feature of this growth
was that one-third of those students were
science concentrators.
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From the Director
Dear Friends,
This issue of Tsushin highlights RI’s recent efforts to build its connections with Harvard’s science
community and to create opportunities for undergraduate science concentrators to experience Japan.
Five years ago, the great majority of RI-sponsored undergraduates who traveled to Japan were East
Asian Studies concentrators. Today, with RI sponsoring the travel to Japan of some 85 undergrads
for research, study, or internships each year, 33% are in the sciences and engineering.
Photo: Martha Stewart
EDWIN O. REISCHAUER
INSTITUTE OF JAPANESE STUDIES
Center for Government & International Studies
South Building
Harvard University
1730 Cambridge Street
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
P 617.495.3220 F 617.496.8083
Why this change? One answer is the leadership provided by Takao K. Hensch, Professor of Molecular
and Cellular Biology in FAS and Professor of Neurology at the Children’s Hospital, who, supported
by RI, now offers life science concentrators the chance to take part in cutting edge research in
laboratories at two facilities of the renowned RIKEN—its Brain Science Institute in Tokyo and its
Center for Allergy and Immunology in Yokohama. Similarly, John M. Doyle, Professor of Physics,
is working to give students lab opportunities in his field.
Apart from these faculty-led efforts, however, the pull of Japan for science students has intensified.
RI’s Summer Internship Program is a particular draw. Spurred by the growing emphasis at Harvard
in making an SIE (Significant International Experience) a part of every undergrad’s education, science
students today look for intriguing places where they can gain state-of-the-art knowledge in fields that
engage them. Tokyo, a cosmopolitan metropolis with a track record in scientific and technological
innovation and an intriguing youth culture, thus holds great attractions. The buzz on RI’s internship
program helps; last summer’s 35 interns gave their overall experience in Japan a rating of 4.7 on a 5.0
scale. Harvard Summer School Japan on the campus of Waseda University in Tokyo also draws high
marks from students and attracts science concentrators.
RI’s ties with the science community on campus and internationally are deepening in other ways
as well. Last year, for example, Michael R. Reich, Harvard School of Public Health, spearheaded a
faculty project designed to develop policy ideas for global action on health systems, working closely
with a counterpart group in Japan. Coordinating the binational effort was Keizo Takemi, a former
parliamentarian who spent last year in the Program on U.S.-Japan Relations of the Weatherhead
Center for International Affairs. The faculty group’s work contributed significantly to the launch
by Japan of a global action plan on health at the G-8 Summit in Hokkaido in July.
[email protected]
www.fas.harvard.edu/~rijs
We look forward to future forms of collaboration in the sciences.
© 2008 President and Fellows of Harvard College
SUSAN J. PHARR, DIRECTOR
Ongoing Exhibit
Tapestry Exhibit on the
Japan Friends of Harvard Concourse
I Listen to the Voice of the Thread
Yarn is the flow of time
Color speaks the shape
I feel the life of the thread
I extend my hand
To create the shape that is spoken
MITSUKO ASAKURA
In September, the walls of the CGIS South
Building burst into bloom with an exhibition
of exquisite silk tapestries by Kyoto-based
artist Mitsuko Asakura. Hosted by the
Reischauer Institute with the National
Association of Japan-America Societies and
the Japan Society of Boston, the exhibit is
entitled “Mitsuko Asakura—Tapestry In
Architecture, Creating Human Spaces,”
expressing the artist’s desire to impact the
ordinary environments where people live and
work. The exhibit is accompanied by a DVD
narrated by Asakura showing her at work—
gathering plants to make the dyes, coloring the
silk thread, and weaving the threads together on
a large hand loom to create designs that are
striking for their texture as well as their color.
More than 220 guests celebrated the exhibition’s
opening on September 18 at the fall reception
hosted jointly by the Reischauer Institute and
the Program on U.S.-Japan Relations. On display
through November 21, the tapestry exhibit,
which made its North American debut at the
Japan Society Gallery in New York before coming
to Harvard, moves on to the Morikami Museum
in Delray Beach, Florida, and the American
Institute of Architects Headquarters Gallery
in Washington, DC.
More information is available at:
www.asakuraexhibition.net/english/artist
Photo: Martha Stewart
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Ezra F. Vogel Honored
Ezra F. Vogel, Ph.D. ’58, Henry Ford II Professor of the Social Sciences Emeritus, has been
awarded the 2008 Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Centennial Medal honoring alumni
who have made significant contributions to society that emerged from their graduate study
at Harvard. The medal was first awarded in 1989 on the occasion of the school’s hundredth
anniversary. The citation for Professor Vogel read: “For being America’s scholarly ambassador
to both China and Japan, helping to bring together the public and private domains of East
and West, and for your unique pedagogical talents which have inspired generations of
students, we honor you today.”
Photo: Ezra F. Vogel (right) with Allan M. Brandt, Dean, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences; Professor of the History of Science,
FAS; and Amalie Moses Kass Professor of the History of Medicine, Harvard Medical School
2008-09 Visiting Faculty
ABÉ MARKUS NORNES
Edwin O. Reischauer Visiting
Professor of Japanese Studies,
Dept. of East Asian Languages and
Civilizations and Dept. of Visual
and Environmental Studies
Abé Markus Nornes is Professor of Asian Cinema
in both the Department of Screen Arts and Cultures
and the Department of Asian Languages and
Cultures at the University of Michigan, where he
specializes in Japanese film and documentary. He
is the author of many books, most recently Cinema
Babel (Minnesota), a theoretical and historical look
at the role of translation in film history. His articles
have appeared in edited volumes and journals,
and he has co-edited numerous monographs and
retrospective catalogues. He has been co-owner
of the internet newsgroup KineJapan since its
inception. His Research Guide to Japanese Cinema,
co-authored with Aaron Gerow, Yale, is forthcoming
from the University of Michigan. He is currently
editing a volume on the
Japanese pink film,
co-editing a major collection
of Japanese film theory
(with Aaron Gerow), and
writing a biography of
Donald Richie.
Courses: Japanese Cinema;
The Pacific War Through Film
DAVID ODO
Visiting Lecturer of Anthropology, Dept. of
Anthropology & Visiting Curator, Peabody Museum
of Archaeology and Ethnology
David Odo received his D.Phil. in Social and
Cultural Anthropology from the University of Oxford.
His work uses the critical examination of visual
objects, especially in regard to photographic
practice and consumption, to explore shifting definitions of “Japaneseness,” Japanese colonialism,
modernity, and tourism. His research and teaching
interests also include material anthropology and
museum studies. He recently curated “A Good
Type: Science and Tourism in Early Photographs of
Japan” at the Peabody Museum. He is working on
a manuscript based on his doctoral research in the
Ogasawara Islands, home to a culturally diverse
population with origins that pre-date Japanese
settlement. His publications include “Beyond
Views and Types: reconsidering early photographs
of Japan” (Rijksmuseum Amsterdam, forthcoming),
and “Photography in Colonial Asia,” Special Issue
of International Institute for Asian Studies
Newsletter (guest editor and introductory essay)
(Summer 2007).
Courses: Museum Anthropology: Thinking with
Objects; Visual and Material Culture of Japan;
Material Images: The Anthropology of Photography
KEN TADASHI OSHIMA
Visiting Assistant Professor in Architecture, Dept.
of Architecture, Graduate School of Design
Ken Tadashi Oshima earned his Ph.D. in architectural history and theory from Columbia University,
and, after two years as a Robert and Lisa Sainsbury
Fellow at the Sainsbury Institute for the Study of
Japanese Arts and Cultures in London, has been
an assistant professor in the Department of
Architecture at the University of Washington since
2005. He is an author for the Museum of Modern
Art Exhibition Home Delivery (2008), curator of the
exhibition “SANAA: Beyond Borders” (Henry Art
Gallery 2007-8), and co-curator of “Crafting a
Modern World: The Architecture and Design of
Antonin and Noemi Raymond.” As an editor and
contributor to Architecture + Urbanism, he coauthored the two-volume special issue, Visions
of the Real: Modern Houses in the 20th Century
(2000). Dr. Oshima’s forthcoming publications
include a monograph on Arata Isozaki (Phaidon,
2008) and Constructing Kokusai Kenchiku:
International Architecture in Interwar Japan
(U.W. Press, 2009).
Course: Visions of the Japanese House
ETHAN I. SEGAL
Visiting Assistant Professor of
Japanese History, Dept. of East
Asian Languages and Civilizations
Ethan I. Segal is an assistant professor in the
History Department at Michigan State University.
He was a Fulbright Scholar at the University of
Tokyo and earned his Ph.D. in East Asian History at
Stanford University. His forthcoming book, Coins,
Trade, and the State: Economic Growth in Early
Medieval Japan, highlights the ways in which the
increasingly monetized economy of the twelfth,
thirteenth, and fourteenth centuries paralleled and
contributed to shifts in political and social power in
medieval Japan. He has presented and published
on topics including proto-nationalism in pre-modern
East Asia, images of Japan and the Japanese in
modern film, and the 2001 Japanese textbook
controversy. In 2006 he was awarded a prestigious
Lilly Teaching Fellowship. His most recent research
project is an exploration of gender in early
medieval warrior society.
Courses: Ancient and Medieval Japan; Readings
in Pre-Meiji History; Introduction to Heian and
Medieval Historical Sources; Japan: Tradition
and Transformation.
MELISSA WENDER
Visiting Lecturer on Japanese
Studies, Dept. of East Asian
Languages and Civilizations
Melissa Wender graduated from the Department
of East Asian Languages and Civilizations at
Harvard University in 1989, and received her Ph.D.
from the University of Chicago in 1999. She was a
Postdoctoral Associate at the Yale Council on
East Asian Studies in 2002-03 and has served as
assistant professor at Bates College and visiting
assistant professor at Tufts University. She has
taught courses on literature, popular culture, film,
and minority identity. Her first book, Lamentation
as History: Narratives by Koreans in Japan, 19652000, was published in 2005 by Stanford University
Press. She has edited a collection of translations by
Korean Japanese that is currently under review by
the University of Hawai’i Press. Her latest project
is on women, literature, and war memory.
Courses: Modern Japanese Literature; Re-Writing
Modern Japanese Literature: A Seminar in
Translation
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2008-09 RI Visiting
Scholars
Atsushi Hyodo
Senshu University
2008-09 Reischauer Institute
Postdoctoral Fellows
Labor Unions in Japan
Yongdo Kim
Hosei University
Comparative Study of Manufacturing Industries
in the U.S. and Japan
Keigo Komamura
Keio University
Birth of the Japanese Constitution and its Revision
from the Perspective of U.S.-Japan Relations
Nobuhiro Nishitakatsuji
Kokugakuin University and Daizaifu
Tenmangu Shrine
Shinto in History, Art, and Cultural Activities
Keikichi Ohama
Waseda University
Jonathan E. Abel, Ph.D.
Princeton University, 2005
Dr. Jonathan Abel earned his Ph.D. in Comparative
Literature at Princeton University in 2005. He was
Postdoctoral Fellow at Columbia University’s
Weatherhead East Asian Institute in 2005-2006 and
most recently taught as an Assistant Professor in
the Department of German, Russian, and East Asian
Languages at Bowling Green State University. He
is currently Assistant Professor in the Department
of Comparative Literature at Pennsylvania State
University. His translation of Azuma Hiroki’s Otaku:
Japan’s Database Animals will be published by
University of Minnesota Press in late 2008.
Judicial Review of Administrative Agency Actions
Tomoko Okagaki
National Institute for Defense Studies,
Japan Ministry of Defense
Japan and the Institutionalization of the Sovereign
State System
Sumiko Takaoka
Seikei University
Role of Alternative Dispute Resolution Systems
in the U.S. and Japan
While he is at the Reischauer Institute, Dr. Abel
will focus on his current book project, “Archiving
Censors: The Preservation and Production of Banned
Japanese Discourse, 1923-1976,” which centers on
the interaction between the institutions that store
books and those that seek to suppress them.
Role of Innovation on Corporate Values in the
U.S. and Japan
2008-09 RI Graduate
Student Associates
Raja Adal
History
Art Education in Egyptian and Japanese
Government Schools, 1870-1950
Mikael Bauer
East Asian Languages and Civilizations (EALC)
Japanese and Chinese Buddhism in premodern Japan
Sarah Kashani
Anthropology
Japanese-Korean postcolonial relations; Transnational
Identity and Popular Culture in Japan
Kyong-Mi Kwon
EALC
Early Twentieth Century Ch’unhyang chon adaptations
in Colonial Korea
Regan Murphy
Religion
Buddhism and Kokugaku during the Tokugawa
Period (1600-1868)
Andrea Murray
Anthropology
Sustainable Tourism Development, Environmental
Education and Politics of Climate Change in Okinawa
Hiromu Nagahara
History
Popular Music in Japan, 1930-1950
Jeremy Yellen
History
Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere in
World War II
lecturer in Japanese history at Hosei University,
and research fellow for the Institute of Asian
Cultural Studies at ICU. Her current research focuses
on the comparative history of athlete’s foot and its
problematization in Japan and the U.S.
Trent E. Maxey, Ph.D.
Cornell University, 2005
Chelsea H. Foxwell, Ph.D.
Columbia University, 2008
Kiyotaka Uzaki
Oita University
From left: Trent Maxey, Ayu Majima, Chelsea Foxwell,
Jun Uchida, and Jonathan Abel
Dr. Chelsea Foxwell earned her B.A. at Harvard
College in 1999, after which she spent 2 years
researching art history at Tokyo National University
of Fine Arts and Music. She then completed her
Ph.D. (2008) at Columbia University’s Department
of Art History and Archaeology, and will begin
teaching at the University of Chicago in the fall
of 2009.
Dr. Foxwell is primarily interested in the relationship
between audience and art in Japan during the
Edo and Meiji periods. In the coming months, she
will expand the scope of her dissertation, “Kano
Hogai (1828-1888) and the Making of the Modern
Japanese Painting,” to include an examination of the
influence of American Ernest Fenollosa’s (1853-1908)
painting collection on artists such as Hogai. Her
project also investigates how changing social
and artistic practices engendered a modern
“Japanese-style painting: Nihonga.
Ayu Majima, Ph.D.
International Christian University, 2004
Dr. Ayu Majima specializes in the socio-cultural
history of modern Japan and the comparative
history of bodily culture. Dr. Majima received her
M.A. (2002) and her Ph.D. (2004) from International
Christian University (ICU) in Tokyo. Her dissertation,
“Physical Beauty and Racial Consciousness among
Elites in Modern Japan: 1853-1926,” examines
the historical development of racial consciousness
and the construction of racial identity among
Japanese male elites.
From 2004-2007, Dr. Majima divided her time among
three roles: postdoctoral fellow at the Japan Society
for the Promotion of Science in Kyoto, part-time
Dr. Trent Maxey spent a year at Kyoto University
before receiving his B.A. from Northwestern
University in History and Philosophy in 1998. He
earned his M.A. in modern Japanese history from
Cornell University in 2001, and his Ph.D. in the
same field in 2005. He has been assistant professor
of Japanese history at Amherst College since
the fall of 2005.
His dissertation, “The ‘Greatest Problem’: the
Politics and Diplomacy of Religion in Meiji Japan,
1868-1884” relates the adoption of “religion” as an
organizing discursive and regulatory category to the
state-formation process in Meiji Japan. Dr. Maxey’s
current research expands the reach of his dissertation to the parliamentary politics of the 1890s,
particularly the General Religion Bill of 1899.
Jun Uchida, Ph.D.
Harvard University, 2005
Dr. Jun Uchida completed her Ph.D. at Harvard
University in 2005, and, after conducting a year of
additional research as a junior fellow of the Harvard
Academy for International and Area Studies, she
joined the History Department at Stanford University
as an assistant professor in 2006.
Dr. Uchida is currently preparing a book manuscript
entitled Brokers of Empire: Japanese Settler
Colonialism in Korea, 1876-1945, which tells the
story of Japanese settlers in colonial Korea. The
book illustrates the informal conduits of power that
drove colonialism on the ground and the complex
dynamics of cross-cultural encounter between
Japanese and Koreans. Dr. Uchida is also examining
the history of decolonization, from the dismantling
of colonial authority on the Korean peninsula to the
drawn-out process of repatriation and the politics
of memory in postwar Japan.
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Photo: Archie Mochizuki
HARVARD SUMMER SCHOOL
Second Year in Japan
H
arvard summer school continued for the second year with two programs in Japan. In 2008 the HSSJ
program at Waseda University, Tokyo brought 23 students from 10 different concentrations together for
six weeks of intensive study of Japanese culture and history. The 2008 HSSJ program at RIKEN Brain Science
Institute (RIKEN BSI) afforded similar exposure for neurobiology concentrators in a lab complex in Saitama Prefecture.
Photo: Archie Mochizuki
Harvard students searching for SIE (Significant International Experience) are discovering opportunities in Japan.
Most of the students who travel to Japan through the Harvard Summer School (HSS) have no prior Japan experience;
the overarching goal is to support interest in Japan among students who are exploring their possible interest in
HSSJ students practice Japanese calligraphy.
Japanese history, culture, and society.
Though no language course is required in either HSSJ program, students at both venues may take
non-credit “survival Japanese” courses to help them navigate the experience. The HSSJ Waseda
students also report receiving valuable language instruction from their host families. In the labs at
RIKEN BSI, students interact with neuroscientists from all over the world, and the labs use English as
their working language.
Photo: Kate Xie, Neurobiology ‘10
HSSJ (Waseda) is open to students from both the U.S. and abroad and to Japanese students from
Waseda University. The 2008 session featured two popular Core courses: “Tokyo,” taught by Professor
Theodore C. Bestor (Harvard, Anthropology) and “Constructing the Samurai,” taught by Professor Mikael
Adolphson (University of Alberta, East Asian Studies). Professor Bestor’s course draws naturally on the
city, and every waking minute can be a learning experience for the students. Professor Adolphson’s
Professor Wesley Jacobsen (second from left) prepares to guide students’
ascent up Mt. Fuji.
course taught students to recognize the myth and reality of samurai from their early origins through
modern Japan. These courses complemented each other well, with the materials from one course often
enhancing the other.
SONIA COMAN, HISTORY OF ART AND ARCHITECTURE ’11 said “that the combination of the two courses taken this
summer has resulted in one of my best academic experiences at Harvard. [Also], besides the practice of Japanese
language, my host family helped me [attain] a close understanding of Japanese culture and society…”
At RIKEN BSI, JOSEPH STUJENSKE, NEUROBIOLOGY ’10 deemed his summer experience “surprising both scientifically and culturally…[My] trips beyond the walls of RIKEN were formative in my true appreciation of Japan and
its people. From the secretary of my lab gently teasing me for putting soy sauce in my rice to the odd looks of
passengers on the subway when I was eating a sandwich, my experiences taught me much about what to do and
especially what not to do in Japan.”
The Reischauer Institute continues its efforts to support new student interest in Japan through programs such as
Photo: Mark Mulligan
HSSJ at Waseda and RIKEN BSI, especially for students who have not traditionally had opportunities to go to Japan
or to study Japanese language and culture.
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Science, Japan and Harvard: A Growing Interest
continued
lab, reported, “The goal of my project was
to fabricate single-atom thick wires for use as
quantum bits (qubits) in a future quantum
computer. I used scanning tunneling
microscopy (STM), atomic force microscopy
(AFM), and polishing to make nanometersized steps in silicon wafers. By depositing
atoms a few at a time adjacent to these
nanometer-sized step edges, we were able to
grow wires that were only one atom wide.”
A second program allows science concentrators to spend eight weeks or more as interns
in Japan working in a laboratory or other
science-related environment. The internship
program does not offer course credit, but RI
provides grants to support students pursuing
this experience, and housing is usually
provided by the host laboratory or research
center. In 2008 four students interned in
labs at the RIKEN Center for Allergy and
Immunology in Yokohama and the RIKEN
Center for Developmental Biology in Kobe.
Undergraduate science concentrators also held
internships at Keio University School of
Medicine, Keio University’s nanotechnology
lab, Tokyo University of Science, and at
Sanyukai, an organization that assists the
homeless.
In addition to the hands-on participation
in cutting edge research in the lab, the added
cultural component makes the reported
experience truly striking. Shiv Gaglani
further wrote:
The final reports from these students
reflect how deeply the internship experience
affected them, intellectually and culturally.
SHIV GAGLANI, ENGINEERING SCIENCES ’10
who interned in the Keio nanotechnology
Japan Experience
by Concentration Field
21%
21%
25%
33%
Humanities
Social Sciences
“I did not realize how hierarchical Japanese
laboratories can be. For example, undergraduates typically only start research as seniors.
[Thus], while progress on my specific project
was slow, I still achieved my main goal,
[which] was to learn about nanotechnology
and practice techniques that I may be using
for my thesis research at Harvard. My
professor in the lab was a famous researcher
in the field of semiconductors and isotope
engineering, and he was, in fact,…friends
with my Harvard physics professor. I once
joked with him and said ‘it’s a small world
in nanotechnology’ (pun intended).”
Sciences
Undeclared
RI’s summer internship coordinator, Jeffrey
Kurashige, Ph.D. candidate in Harvard’s
Department of East Asian Languages and
Civilizations, when questions or problems
arose. Jeffrey organized Harvard outings to
a Chiba Lotte Marines baseball game, the
Sumida River Fireworks Festival, and even
an overnight ascent up Mt. Fuji!
The Reischauer Institute is enthusiastic in
its support of the Harvard College mission
to give all of its students a Significant
International Experience (SIE).
All Harvard undergraduates going to Japan
on these programs participated in a predeparture orientation. They also relied on
FACULTY NEWS
Edwin Cranston
will publishThe
Secret Island and the
Enticing Flame:
Worlds of Memory,
Discovery, and Loss
in Japanese Poetry
(Cornell East Asia
Series, 2009).
Melissa
McCormick’s
research on Genji
paintings was
featured in the
documentary The
Tale of Genji: A
Thousand Year Mystery by Japan Broadcasting
Corporation (NHK). It was aired as a Hi-Vision
Special and a NHK Special in November 2008.
Toshiko Mori’s work has been honored in a
monograph, Toshiko Mori Architect: Works and
Projects (Monacelli Press, 2008), published with
a forward by K. Michael Hays. It includes more
than twenty-five residential, cultural, institutional, and commercial projects. A reception
was held at Sean Kelly Gallery, New York, on
June 26, 2008 to celebrate the publication.
Mark Mulligan has
edited Nurturing
Dreams (MIT Press,
2008), a collection of
essays chronicling the
professional life and
philosophical musings
of Tokyo-based architect
Fumihiko Maki over his
more-than-half-century
career in design. The collection focuses on the
twin subjects of modern architecture and the
contemporary city.
Photo: Neal Hamberg
This fall, Mary C.
Brinton published
in Japanese, Lost in
Transition:Youth,
Education and Work
in Post-industrial
Japan (NTT Press,
2008).
From left: Consul General Yoichi Suzuki, Takako Suzuki, Susan Pharr,
and Robert Mitchell
Susan J. Pharr was awarded the Japanese
government’s Order of the Rising Sun, Gold
Rays with Neck Ribbon, in a ceremony on May
15, 2008. The award honors her contributions
to the study of Japan and her promotion of
intellectual exchange between Japan and the
United States.
Michael R. Reich is working with Keizo
Takemi for the Japanese government on the G8
Summit follow-up activities on global health.
Photo: Phillip Hafferty, EAS ‘08
Seminars and scientific meetings at RIKEN
BSI are conducted in English, but once off
campus students are fully immersed in typical
daily Japanese life with easy access by subway
to Tokyo. Students are housed on the RIKEN
campus in furnished studio apartments with
high-speed Internet, satellite television, a
kitchen, and a bathroom. As word of this
opportunity spreads, applications for the
program are increasing each year.
7
Harvard Japan Summer
Internships 2008
Photo: Taro Kuriyama, Literature ‘09
Japan Summer 2008 students at a Chiba Lotte
Marines baseball game with manager Bobby
Valentine (sixth from left). Summer internship
coordinator Jeffrey Kurashige (second from
right) is in attendance with students.
For two decades, Harvard College students with
two years of Japanese have been able to gain firsthand experience of the country’s culture, society,
and business through internships at companies
and organizations in Tokyo, Osaka, Kyoto, Hiroshima,
Okayama and Tsukuba. Beginning in 2005, the
Reischauer Institute, in collaboration with the
Japanese Language Program, the Program on
U.S.-Japan Relations, the Office of International
Programs, and other offices on campus, has
extended these opportunities to a wider circle of
Harvard College students – increasing the total
number of internship sites; opening the program
to students with little or no prior training in the
Japanese language, students in the sciences,
and students who find internships in Japan on
their own; offering orientations; and providing
a student coordinator in Tokyo to serve as a
resource over the summer.
In summer 2008, 35 students from 15 different
Harvard concentrations held summer internships in
Japan. Of these, 14 were placed in traditional settings such as banking, consulting, government, policy
research, or corporate management. The remaining
interns worked in an array of non-profit organizations, science laboratories, and small start-up firms.
The variety in student concentrations and internship
sites is reflected in these examples:
BRANDON EUM, ENGINEERING SCIENCES (SB) ’09
took an internship at Tokyo Gas Co., Ltd., in order
to unite his field of study with his passion for Japan
and Japanese culture and to “interact with professionals with whom I can discuss the differences
in professional and personal culture and ethics
between Japan and America.”
ZACHARY FRANKEL, UNDECLARED ’11 worked at the
toy manufacturer Bandai Co., Ltd., to improve his
language skills beyond the classroom, enhance his
interest in business, and prepare himself for a
potential longer stay in Japan.
LAUREN FULTON, GOVERNMENT ’10 with only a year
NICHOLAS MOY, ECONOMICS ’10 worked at the
of Japanese language, interned at Showa Women’s
University, which included working for a member of
the Japanese Diet both in parliamentary session and
in touring his home (and more rural) district in
Nagano. In her final report, she wrote,
Institute for Global Environmental Strategies in order
to pursue his interest in industrial organization and
international trade, and finance.
“The entire time, I watched and learned, often
discussing my observations with Shinohara-sensei.
We discussed traditional Japan and contemporary
Japan, the rural versus the urban, and the role of
these distinctions in governance. We compared the
problems confronting Japan and America and if or
why the countries’ responses should diverge. I was
amazed that learning so much about the challenges
of Japanese politicians encouraged me to reflect
on the issues we face in our own country.”
Through this program, Harvard College students
match their aspirations, passions, and academic
skills with the generosity, experience, and expertise
of their hosts, within a cultural mix that can be
life-changing for the students while creating solid
partnerships between the university and a variety
of institutions in Japan.
TARO KURIYAMA, LITERATURE ’09 a native speaker
of Japanese, was placed with a professional
baseball team, the Chiba Lotte Marines Co., Ltd. to
understand how a business works at the macro level
as well as how Western and Japanese businesses
influence each other.
ALESSANDRO LA PORTA, COMPUTER SCIENCE ’09
requested and received an internship at Toei
Animation Co., Ltd., building on his long-time
interest in anime and the anime industry.
NARA LEE, UNDECLARED ’11 designed her own
internship at both Tokyo University and the
International Committee of the Red Cross in order
to focus on international refugee law and the
refugee issue in Japan. She reported,
“These internships were the perfect match for me
as they focused on international refugee law and
the refugee issue in Japan. Upon discovering the
existence of a significant refugee population and the
Japanese government’s plan to admit even more,
I immediately worried about the Japanese economy.
Three months later, [it] was surprising how much
my perception on refugees had changed. It was
fascinating to see the transformation from paper
to actual fieldwork take place.”
Top: Shiv Gaglani, Engineering Sciences ‘10, at the
Ryogoku Kokugikan sports arena, Tokyo. Bottom: Iddoshe
Hirpa, Chemistry ‘11 at RIKEN RCAI lab.
REISC
8
hAUER
RE
pORTS
Environment for Change
19TH CENTURY JAPANESE WHALING
Along the Kumano coast in modern Wakayama Prefecture, three villages have a longstanding
tradition of whaling, dating back to the late seventeenth century: Koza, Miwasaki, and, the
most famous of these, Taiji. At the start of the nineteenth century, Taiji whalers were still using
techniques developed nearly two centuries earlier. Whalers would row out from shore, entrap a
whale in their nets, then harpoon it, and haul it back to shore. By the early twentieth century,
however, whalers from this area had begun using steamships and harpoon guns, technologies
adopted from Western whaling nations such as the United States and Norway. They also began
to follow these nations’ use of whales more for their oil than for their meat.
JAKOBINA ARCH
Ph.D. candidate in History and
East Asian Languages, Dept. of East
Asian Languages and Civilization,
Harvard University
The transition to a whaling industry nearly indistinguishable from that of the early twentiethcentury United States, Norway, or Germany occurred during a time of rapid economic change
and as the Meiji state grew stronger in Japan. The whaling industry had ties to the state, but
despite this link, the Wakayama whaling industry was impacted more by changes in environmental
conditions than by political factors. The effects of global whaling on whale populations in the
Pacific forced whalers in Wakayama to search for new ways to maintain their livelihood. The result
was a transformation of the Wakayama whaling industry only slightly after, and with similar results
to, the transformation of American and Norwegian whaling from sail to steam and diesel power.
The similarity arose not just from the transmission of technologies between these countries’
whalers, but also from the shared problem of declining whale populations.
Many factors promoted drastic changes in whaling technology. While whaling brought generations
of prosperity to Kumano villages such as Taiji, overreliance on whaling also brought disaster when
other nations, particularly the United States, became involved in large-scale hunting and removed
most of the whales from the Pacific, leaving the villagers with nothing to catch.
To define the process of technological change in this industry, I will first explain the context in
which Kumano whalers worked. Then I will describe one example of the impact of global whaling
on the Kumano whaling industry. Finally I will discuss how the whalers of this area responded
and adapted to the consequences of global whaling on whale populations in the Pacific.
Kumano Whaling in the Nineteenth Century
In the nineteenth century, Kumano whalers hunted gray whales, humpbacks, and right whales.
All three of these species migrated along the Kuroshio (Japan Current), swimming close enough
to shore for a shore-based whaling operation to be practical. For the three whaling villages in this
area, the winter whaling season coincided with the yearly migrations
of whales along the coast. It was also a time when few fish species were
available. The economy of these villages thus relied on their ability to catch
While whaling could bring generations of prosperity to
whales for at least half of the year. Whales were also a large and valuable
Kumano villages such as Taiji, reliance on whaling also
resource, bringing a great deal of income to village whaling groups once
brought disaster when other nations, particularly the United
rendered and sold. Whaling products included meat, oil for lamps, and
insecticide, as well as bone and sinews for puppets and musical instruments.
States, became involved in large-scale hunting and
In a typical season in the beginning of the nineteenth century, the village
removed most of the whales from the Pacific, leaving the
of Koza could bring in as many as 20 whales, which fed the approximately
villagers with nothing to catch.
300 people involved in the whaling effort and earned them enough income
to pay village taxes for the year.
But the destination of these whales was the American Pacific hunting grounds. From the 1840s
to the 1860s, American whalers (who made up 80% of the world’s whaling fleet) brought in 10-15
million gallons of whale oil. That would mean the taking of as many as 25,000 whales. In comparison, for the first half of the nineteenth century, all whalers in Japan caught only 70-80 whales
total per year. The over-harvesting of right whales by American whalers offshore made it difficult
for Japanese shore-based whalers to maintain even this modest number of catches. Whalers in
Wakayama were thus driven to desperate measures by the end of the nineteenth century.
9
One prevailing assumption is that the Japanese had a more nuanced view of whales than that
of more thoroughly exploitation-based whaling nations such as the United States. However, the
assumption of a dramatic difference in attitudes is based on some misconceptions, at least in
regard to whalers in Wakayama.
Wakayama Prefecture
Kumano Coast
An example used to support the theory of greater Japanese concern for whales is that of a supposed
taboo on hunting right whales with calves. However, there is no evidence for a historical concern
with preserving mother-calf pairs in this area. Although specific signals were used by mountain
lookouts to indicate the species and the presence of calves, such signals were not warnings to avoid
pursuit. The ability to distinguish the species being pursued and whether there was a calf present
simply helped whalers to adjust their tactics. Interviews conducted by Taiji Gorosaku, a twentiethcentury whaler from the village, note the fierce protectiveness of right whale mothers for their
calves. This protectiveness made them dangerous to hunt, but not taboo. Whalers sometimes even
took advantage of the bond between mothers and calves; if the calf was trapped alive, the mother
would remain in the area trying to save it, and would therefore be easier to catch. This technique
was common among American whalers and was sometimes used in Japan as well.
Kyoto
Osaka
The 1878 Disaster and Its Ramifications
Wakayama
A disastrous decision made in 1878 to hunt such a mother-calf pair, rather than suggesting the
end of a taboo and the influence of modernization on Taiji attitudes, was the result of the desperate
circumstances of the village, due to the declining catches of the whales that supported the local
economy.
Koza River
Ota River
Miwasaki
Wakayama
Taiji
Koza
On December 24, 1878, a storm was blowing in, and it was already late in the day by the time
the lookouts spotted a pair of whales. Despite the dangers, the female was too large for the
whalers, who had caught nothing yet that season, to pass up. But the whales proved too difficult
to catch before the storm arrived, and by the time the whalers realized they could not keep the
struggling whales entangled in their nets without losing their boats, it was too late. Although the
whales were cut free, they likely died later of their wounds, along with over 100 whalers (a high
proportion of the total village population). Most of the whalers died from exposure when their
boats were caught in the strong offshore current, while others who managed to survive were unable
to return from the uninhabited islands where they had been driven by the storm until late spring
of the following year.
Adaptation of Whaling Technology
The desperate circumstances leading to this poor decision eventually forced the Kumano whalers
to adopt new techniques and to find new locations for whaling. One new method involved
trying to adapt American harpoon guns to use within the coastal whaling tradition. This was not
particularly successful, mostly because there were no longer enough targets to catch with the
difficult-to-use harpoons. Eventually, a version of this technology was adapted by a man named
Maeda. He invented a repeating harpoon gun for catching the smaller pilot whales still available
inshore. This technique is the basis for the coastal whaling practiced in Taiji today.
The other option was to do as the American and Norwegian whalers had begun to do: turn their
sights to new offshore species. Because Japan’s was a coastal industry rather than a pelagic (open
ocean) one, the change in the Japanese whaling industry when whalers began targeting the faster
rorquals, such as blue whales and fin whales, seems greater than that in the Western whaling
industries who were pursuing the same course. However, in both cases it was the lack of easier
targets that forced whalers to change their techniques. Once Japanese whalers began chasing down
pelagic species, they also were faced with the problem of bringing the product the greater distance
back to shore. They found that oil rendered on the ship was far easier to transport than meat,
which until refrigeration developed, would have spoiled before the ship returned to port.
Viewing this change in industry techniques as forced by the same factors of declining resources that
other nations faced makes it easier to understand how the transformation was accomplished with
similar results. The transition in Taiji was not because whalers suddenly decided to adopt an entirely
new technology to catch whales for a completely different product. Instead this shift was the result
of a gradual adaptation to changes in available resources (whale species) and access to new global
markets for different whale products.
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ライシャワー
レポート
STUDENT ACTIVITY
Japan-America Student Conference at Harvard
Each summer, JASC students from universities across Japan and the United
States convene for a month, traveling to different sites to discuss some of the
hottest topics facing the two nations. The program alternates host countries each
year, giving students the rare opportunity to see new places, whether at home or
abroad, and to learn about their culture through the eyes of others. From politics
to pop culture and everything in between, JASC offers motivated university
students of all levels an outlet for ambition, intellect, and cultural stimulation.
Not only do conference participants learn about one of the world’s most strategic
bilateral alliances, they also have the opportunity to reinforce the bonds between
countries, sharing knowledge and experiences while making memories and
friendships with other future leaders. This year the Conference examined a
number of global issues impacting both Japanese and American society, from
war memory, comparative law, and environmental ethics to the development of
corporate social responsibility.
Twenty-six energetic students from 19 U.S. colleges and universities
joined 36 students from Japanese universities to participate in the 60th
annual Japan-America Student Conference (JASC) this summer.
The Reischauer Institute hosted the group on the Harvard campus for five days
in August. While in residence the students held panel presentations together,
lived in dorms, and toured some of Boston’s historic sights. Harvard Japanese
studies faculty met with the delegates in small break-out groups on one
afternoon to discuss issues of interest to the students.
Harvard was the final stop on the 2008 JASC after one week each in Oregon,
California, and Montana, and the students were treated to a welcome address by
Ezra F. Vogel, Henry Ford II Research Professor of the Social Sciences Emeritus.
A lively question and answer session followed his remarks. This was the first
time the Reischauer Institute had hosted JASC on campus since 2000.
Harvard undergraduate NANCY YANG, EAST ASIAN STUDIES ’09, served as a
member of the JASC American Executive Committee (AEC) this year, and she
played a large role in planning and organizing the conference. In 2009 Harvard
students will continue their tradition of leadership in JASC, as RACHEL STAUM,
EAST ASIAN STUDIES ’10, was elected to the AEC for the 61st conference to
be held in Japan.
サイエンス、日本、そしてハーバード : 高まる関心
続き
理研 BSIのセミナーとサイエンスに関する
ミーティングは英語で行われますが、地下
鉄による東京へのアクセスが便利なこ
ともあり、1歩キャンパスの外を出れば、
典型的な日本での日常生活をたっぷり
と味わうことができます。また、参加し
た学生は理研キャンパスにある高速イ
ンターネット・衛星テレビ・台所・および
浴室がある家具つきのワンルームマン
ションに住むことができます。こうした
機会が得られるという話が広まるにつ
れて毎年このプログラムへの申し込みは
増え続けています。
RI が支援するもう一つのプログラムで
は、サイエンス専攻の学生たちは日本の研
究室やその他サイエンスに関連した環境
で 8週間、もしくはそれ以上インターンとし
て働くことができます。このインターン
シップ・プログラムでは履修単位は得
られないものの、学生がこの経験を得
るための支援としてRIが奨学金を授与
し、また住むところは通常受け入れ先の研
究室や研究所で用意してもらえます。
2008年度は4人の学生が理研の横浜にあ
る免疫・アレルギー科学総合研究セン
ターと神戸にある発生・再生科学総合
研究センターの研究室でインターンをし
ました。サイエンス専攻の学部生たちは他
にも慶応義塾大学の医学部、慶應義塾大学
のナノテクノロジー研究室、ホームレスのため
の無料クリニックを運営している山友会、
東京理科大学でインターンシップを行いま
した。
参加した学生たちの書いた最終報告書を
読むと、このインターンシップ経験がどれ
くらい深く彼らに知的・文化的な影響を
与えたかがわかります。2010年度卒業予定
で工学科学専攻、そして慶應義塾大学のナ
ノテクノロジーの研究室でインターンと
して研究に従事したシブ・ガグラニさんは
こう書いています。
「私のプロジェクトの
目標は将来の量子コンピュータで量子
ビット (qubits)として使うための単一原子幅
のワイヤーを作ることでした。シリコンウェ
ハー上にナノメートルサイズの段差を作る
ため、走査型トンネル顕微鏡 (STM)、原子間
力顕微鏡 (AFM)、そして研磨を使いました。
隣接したナノメートルサイズの段差の縁
の近くに1度に少しずつ原子を堆積してい
くことでたった1原子幅のナノワイヤーを
作り上げることができました。
」
研究室での最先端の研究へ自ら参加できる
ことに加えて、彼らにとって文化を学ぶと
いうことが日本での経験をさらに印象深い
ものにしていることがわかります。シブ・ガ
グラニさんはさらにこうも書いています。
「私は、日本の実験室がどれほど階層的で
あるかを知りませんでした。例えば、学部
生は通常4年生になって初めて研究を始め
るのです。
（したがって、
）私の特定のプロ
ジェクトにおける進歩は遅かったのです
が、それでも主な目的は達成しました。
それはナノテクノロジーについて学ぶこ
ととハーバードで論文研究のために使う
かもしれない技術を練習をすることでし
た。日本の研究室の教授は半導体と同位
元素工学の分野で有名な研究者なので
すが、彼は実は。。。ハーバードの物理学
の教授と友人だったのです。私は一度彼に
「ナノテクノロジーの世界はさすが、狭
いね！
（ナノテクノロジーが極小の世界で
あることと掛けている）
」と冗談を言った
ものです。
これらのプログラムで日本に行ったハーバ
ードの学部生は全員出発前オリエンテー
ションに参加しました。また、何か疑問が
ある時や問題が起こった時はRIの夏期学
生コーディネーターであり、ハーバードの
東アジア言語文明学部の博士候補生でも
あるジェフリー・倉重に相談できました。
ジェフリーは千葉ロッテマリーンズの野球
の試合、隅田川花火大会、さらに富士山登
山まで（！）ハーバードの学生たちの遠足を
企画しました。
ライシャワー日本研究所は、全ての学
生に意義深い国際的経験 (SIE) を与える
という、ハーバードカレッジの使命を
支援するのに力を注いでいます。これか
らも私たちはすべての分野を専攻する
学生が日本を経験できるよう支援し、
働きかけていきます。
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11
所長より
親愛なる友へ
Photo: Martha Stewart
今号の「通信」はライシャワー日本研究所 (RI) がハーバードのサイエンスコミュ二ティとの関
係を構築し、サイエンス専攻の学部生に日本を体験する機会を与えるという最近の試みにつ
いて特集しています。
EDWIN O. REISCHAUER
INSTITUTE OF JAPANESE STUDIES
Center for Government & International Studies
South Building
Harvard University
1730 Cambridge Street
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
P 617.495.3220 F 617.496.8083
5年前、RIの支援を受けて日本を訪れた学部生の大多数は東アジア研究専攻でした。今ではRI
の支援を受けて毎年研究や勉強、あるいはインターンシップのために日本を訪れる85名の学
部生の内、33% はサイエンスや工学専攻の学生です。
なぜこうした変化が起きたのでしょうか。これは1つには FASの分子細胞生物学教授とハー
バードメディカルスクールの神経学教授を兼任するタカオ・ヘンシュ先生のリーダーシッ
プのおかげです。ヘンシュ先生は現在 R I の支援を受け、有名な理化学研究所（理研）の2つ
の研究センター
（東京の脳科学総合研究センターと横浜の免疫・アレルギー科学総合研究セ
ンター）にある研究室で最新の研究に参加する機会を生命科学分野の学生に与えてくれてい
るのです。同様に物理学のジョン・ドイル教授も学生に物理学関連の研究室で働く機会を与
えるために働きかけてくださっています。
しかしながら、こうした教授陣主導の様々な試みを別としても、サイエンス専攻の学生に
とって日本の魅力というのは増してきています。RIの夏季インターンシッププログラムは特
に人気のあるプログラムです。ハーバードはSIE (意義深い国際的な経験)がすべての学部生
に対する教育の一環になることを近年ますます重要視しているため、サイエンス専攻の学
生たちは今、興味を惹かれる分野で最先端の知識を得られ、かつ好奇心をそそる場所を探し
ています。したがって、サイエンス及びテクノロジーの分野で飛躍的な前進を遂げた実績が
あり、興味深い若者文化で知られる国際都市東京はかなりの人気を誇ります。RIのインター
ンシッププログラムの好評もその人気に拍車を掛けています。夏の同プログラム参加者35名
は日本での体験を総合して5点の中4.7点と評価しました。また、早稲田大学キャンパスでのハ
ーバード・サマースクール・ジャパンも参加した学生から高い評価を得ると共にサイエン
ス専攻の学生たちに人気があります。
RI とサイエンスコミュニティとの繋がりは学内だけに留まらず、国際的にも様々な形で
深まってきています。例えば、昨年ハーバード公衆衛生大学院のマイケル・ライシュ
教授は日本グループと密接に連携しながら、教授陣によるプロジェクトの陣頭指揮を
とりました。このプロジェクトは、保険システム強化のためのグローバルアクションの
政策案を作るのを目的としていました。その2国間の活動を調整したのは、昨年1年間
ウェザーヘッド国際問題研究所の日米関係プログラムに在籍した元参議院議員武美
敬三氏でした。この教授陣の働きは、7月に北海道で行われたG 8 サミットの準備として、
日本が国際保健に関するグローバルアクションプランに着手するのに大きく貢献しました。
[email protected]
www.fas.harvard.edu/~rijs
私たちは今後もサイエンス分野での、様々な形での連携を楽しみにしています。
© 2008 President and Fellows of Harvard College
スーザン J. ファー
展覧会
ジャパン・フレンズ・オブ・ハーバード・コンコース
での染織タピストリー展示
朝倉美津子
この 9月、政策国際研究センター
(CGIS)南棟の壁は、京都を中心に活
動されている芸術家朝倉美津子氏
による優雅なシルクの染織タピス
トリーの展示で華やかに彩られて
います。ライシャワー研究所が全米
日米協会連合及びボストン日本協会
と共に主催しているこの展覧会は
「朝倉美津子が織りなす染織タピス
トリーと建築空間」と題され、人々が
生活し仕事をする、見慣れてしまった
空間に新しい印象を与えたいという
芸術家の願望を表現しています。
この展覧会では朝倉氏が染料の元となる
植物を集め、絹糸を染め、そして色同様
生地も人目を引くようなデザインを創り
出すため大きな手織り機で糸を織ってい
るところなど実際の製作過程を自身の
言葉で語ったDVDも上映されています。
9月18日に行われたライシャワー研究所
と日米関係プログラム共催の秋のレセ
プションでは220人以上の招待客が展覧
会のオープニングを祝いました。ニュー
ヨークのジャパン・ソサエティーギャラ
リーで北アメリカでのデビューを飾った
この展覧会はハーバードでは11月21日
まで行われ、その後フロリダのデルレ
イビーチにある森上美術館、続いて
ワシントンDCにある米国建築士協会
本部ギャラリーでも開催予定です。
詳しい情報は下記のリンクを参照して
ください : http://www.asakuraexhibition.net
Photo: Martha Stewart
私は糸の声を聴く
経糸は時間の流れ
色は形を主張する
私は糸の命を感じ取り
主張する形となるよう、
手をさしのべる
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RIJS_japanese3pages_FINAL.qxd:Layout 1
日本での
ハーバード・
サマースクール
19世紀
日本における
捕鯨
S
U
S
H
I
2008-09
客員教授
T
ライシャワー
レポート
VOLUME 13 NUMBER 1 秋 2008
エドウィン O. ライシャワー日本研究所
ハーバード大学
ご存知でしたか。。。
・ライシャワー研究所は2007年－2008
年度及び 2008年夏期に、22の分野を
専攻する84名のハーバード学部生に対
し日本へ渡航するための資金援助・
支援をしました。そのうち33％は数学、
科学、または工学専攻の学生です。
・35名のハーバードの学部生は金融関係
から野球、脳科学からアニメまでさまざ
まな分野で夏期インターンシップを行
いました。
・昨年ライシャワー研究所は博士論文執
筆、夏期語学研修、日本での研究及び
学会参加に対しハーバードの大学院生
に54に上る奨学金を授与しました。
・ライシャワー研究所は大学院生の研究
とプロフェッショナル・デベロップメント
を支援していて、現在 8名の大学院生に
オフィス・スペースを提供しています。
・ハーバードには33名もの日本研究の
教授陣が在籍し、世界で最も大きな日
本研究のプログラムの一つとなっていま
す。昨年日本に関する講座、
もしくは
日本を大きく取り上げた講座は70以上
を数えます。
・昨年ライシャワー研究所は65回以上の
セミナー・共同研究プロジェクト・ワー
クショップ・学術会議・シンポジウム・
研究プロジェクトを行い、支援しました。
サイエンス、日本、そしてハーバード:
高まる関心
ハーバードの学部生は 20年にわたって日本へインターンシップに行っています。
日本語学習と論文研究に至ってはそれ以前から日本を訪れています。けれど最近
まで、日本に興味を持っているほとんどの学生は人文・社会科学専攻でした。しか
しながら、ライシャワー日本研究所 ( RI) が支援する 2 つのプログラムに参加するこ
とでサイエンス専攻の学生は世界レベルの日本の研究室で経験を得る機会が与え
られることから、RI の支援で日本に滞在する学生の中でも、サイエンス専攻の学生
は最も急激に増えているグループです。
特にサイエンス専攻の学生を対象にしたハーバードで最も大きな日本でのプログ
ラムは、東京近郊の理研脳科学総合研究センター (BSI)でのハーバード・サマース
クール (HSS)プログラムです。 2年前に FAS（ハーバードの人文科学大学院プログラムの総
称）の分子細胞生物学教授とハーバードメディカルスクールの神経学教授タカオ・ヘンシュ
先生によって始められたこの理研 B S I での H S S プログラムは、毎年 5人から 7人の学
部生を日本に送り、
ラボでの 10週間にわたる夏期集中プログラムに参加させています。
この脳科学集中講座は各ラボでの研究とレクチャーコースの2部構成になっています。
学生たちは日本や外国からの優秀な研究者・技術者と共に理研 BSTの 4つのコア研
究領域（心と知性への挑戦コア、回路機能メカニズムコア、疾患メカニズムコア、
先端基盤技術開発コア）における最先端の脳に関する研究に従事します。このプロ
グラムに参加した学生は生物学関連の生命科学講座の 2単位を修得でき、また、単位
取得はできないものの、初級日本語のクラスを取ることもできます。
10ページに続く
・ニューイングランド地域社会におい
て181名の日本に関する研究者及び専門
家がライシャワー研究所の提携研究員
となっています。
Photo: Kate Xie, Neurobiology ‘10
2 0 0 7 年秋から 2 0 0 8 年夏にかけて、
ハーバードの学部生 8 4 名が日本を訪れま
した。これは今までで一番多い人数です。
そして、この増加の驚くべき点は、これら
学部生の約 3 分の 1 がサイエンス専攻の
学生ということです。
HARVARD FILM ARCHIVE: FILM SERIES
DECEMBER 7-22, 2008
Nagisa Oshima
& the Struggle for a Radical Cinema
An unflinchingly iconoclastic and ceaselessly inventive
filmmaker, Nagisa Oshima (1932- ) has scorched an
indelible path across postwar Japanese cinema.
Oshima is one of Japan’s original outlaw masters—a rebellious
and instinctively anti-establishment artist whose apprentice
work bears a resemblance to the films of such contemporary
enfant terribles as Sejun Suzuki (1923- ), Koji Wakamatsu
(1936- ) and Kiju Yoshida (1933- ), maverick and fiercely independent directors who, like Oshima, all began under studio contracts. Oshima quickly established himself as one of the most
politically committed and driven filmmakers of his generation,
beginning with the remarkable elegy to the failed student-led
protest movement offered by his controversial third feature,
Night and Fog in Japan (1960), which was almost immediately
pulled from theatrical distribution by his studio, Shochiku, and
banned from public and private exhibition.
Devoted to political activism since his days as an outspoken
student leader at the prestigious Kyoto University, Oshima was
led by the traumatic experience of Night and Fog in Japan
towards a different mode of political cinema, increasingly turning away from party politics towards a broader and ultimately
more ambitious critique of Japanese history and national identity. In a series of important mid-career films, Oshima adopted
controversial crime headlines from across modern Japanese
history—the serial killer in Violence at Noon, the cruel,
exploitative parents in Boy, the prostitute’s murderous act in
In the Realm of the Senses –transforming their crimes into desperate but deliberate acts of rebellion against the status quo.
The figure of the transgressive criminal outlaw has remained a
seminal touchstone of Oshima’s cinema, closely linked to his
interest in the strange illogic of the sexual unconscious,
whether of individuals or of Japanese society as a whole.
Equally important as the political charge of Oshima’s cinema is
its steadfast devotion to narrative and aesthetic innovation.
An incredibly restless and unceasing experimental drive has led
Oshima to invent a radically different formal language for almost
all of his films, from the deliberate long-sequence shots of his
early youth exploitation pictures A Town of Love and Hope and
The Sun’s Burial to the complex, fast and often deliberately disorienting cutting of Violence at Noon and The Man Who Left
His Will on Film. Yet while Oshima’s most formally daring films,
such as Death By Hanging, clearly reveal a distrust of cinematic
illusionism, the director nevertheless also commands an astonishing eye for unconventional beauty that gives way to the lush,
exhilarating sensuality of films such as Cruel Story of Youth,
Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence and In the Realm of the Senses.
This complete retrospective of Oshima’s feature films offers
a rare opportunity to see some of postwar Japanese cinema’s
most iconic and important works—an experience that, by
contrast, reveals the total poverty of politically engaged art
cinema today.
The Nagisa Oshima retrospective and its North American tour
were organized by James Quandt for Cinematheque Ontario,
Toronto. The following individuals and organizations made the
retrospective possible: Nagisa Oshima, Tokyo; Marie Suzuki, The
Japan Foundation, Tokyo; Masayo Okada, Yuka Sukano, Atsuko
Fukuda, Kawakita Memorial Film Institute, Tokyo; Eiko Oshima,
Oshima Productions, Tokyo; Peter Becker, Kim Hendrickson,
Fumiko Takagi, Sarah Finklea, Janus Films, New York; the
Reischauer Institute of Japanese Studies, Harvard University.
Nagisa Oshima
THE HARVARD FILM ARCHIVE
Carpenter Center for the Arts
24 Quincy Street, Cambridge, MA
& the Struggle for a Radical Cinema
SATURDAY, DECEMBER 13
FRIDAY, DECEMBER 19
7:OO PM
7:00 PM
Boy (Shonen)
INTRODUCTION BY ABÉ MARKUS NORNES
Directed by Nagisa Oshima. With Fumio Watanabe,
Akiko Koyama, Tetsuo Abe; Japan 1969, 35mm, 105
minutes, color, Japanese with English subtitles
Edwin O. Reischauer Visiting Professor of Japanese
Studies, Dept. of East Asian Languages and Civilizations
and Dept. of Visual and Environmental Studies
9:00 PM
In the Realm of the Senses (Ai no koriida)
Pleasures of the Flesh (Etsuraku)
Directed by Nagisa Oshima. With Eiko Matsuda, Tatsuya
Fuji, Taiji Tonoyama; Japan/France 1976, 35mm, 105
minutes, color, Japanese with English subtitles
TICKETS
$8 General Admission; $6 non-Harvard
students, Harvard staff and seniors;
Harvard students free.
The HFA does not sell advance tickets.
Tickets go on sale at the HFA box office
45 minutes prior to showtime.
Directed by Nagisa Oshima. With Katsuo Nakamura,
Mariko Kaga, Yumiko Nogawa; Japan 1965, 35mm, 90
minutes, color, Japanese with English subtitles
Dear Summer Sister (Natsu no imoto)
SUNDAY, DECEMBER 14
FOR MORE INFORMATION
617.495.4700 or http://hcl.harvard.edu/hfa
3:OO PM
7:00 PM
Merry Christmas Mr. Lawrence
(Senjo no merii kurisumasu)
Directed by Nagisa Oshima. With David Bowie, Ryuichi
Sakamoto, Tom Conti; UK/Japan 1983, 35mm, 122 minutes,
color, English and Japanese with English subtitles
FOLLOWED BY
A Town of Love and Hope (Ai to kibo no machi)
Directed by Nagisa Oshima. With Hiroshi Fujikawa, Yuko
Mochizuki, Yuki Tominaga; Japan 1959, 35mm, 62 minutes,
b/w, Japanese with English subtitles
Directed by Nagisa Oshima. With Hosei Komatsu,
Hiromi Kurita, Akiko Koyama; Japan 1972, 35mm, 95
minutes, color, Japanese with English subtitles
Shiro Amakusa, The Christian Rebel
(Amakusa Shiro Tokisada)
Directed by Nagisa Oshima. With Hashizo Okawa, Satomi
Oka, Ryutaro Otomo; Japan 1962, 35mm, 100 minutes,
color, Japanese with English subtitles
SUNDAY, DECEMBER 7
9:15 PM
FOLLOWED BY
Diary of Yunbogi (Yunbogi no Nikki)
Directed by Nagisa Oshima. With Hosei Komatsu;
Japan 1965, 16mm, 30 minutes, b/w, Japanese with
English subtitles
SATURDAY, DECEMBER 20
7:00 PM
Diary of a Shinjuku Thief
(Shinjuku dorobo nikki)
Directed by Nagisa Oshima. With Fumio Watanabe,
Kei Sato, Tadanori Yokoo; Japan 1968, 35mm, 94 minutes,
b/w, Japanese with English subtitles
9:00 PM
7:00 PM
Death by Hanging (Koshikei)
The Ceremony (Gishiki)
Directed by Nagisa Oshima. With Kei Sato, Fumio
Watanabe, Toshirô Ishido; Japan 1968, 35mm, 117 minutes,
b/w, Japanese with English subtitles
Directed by Nagisa Oshima. With Kenzo Kawarazaki, Atsuko
Kaku, Kei Sato; Japan 1971, 35mm, 122 minutes, color,
Japanese with English subtitles
9:30 PM
SUNDAY, DECEMBER 21
Three Resurrected Drunkards
(Kaette kita yopparai)
3:00 PM
Directed by Nagisa Oshima. With Kazuhiko Kato,
Osamu Kitayama, Norihiko Hashida; Japan 1968, 35mm,
80 minutes, color, Japanese with English subtitles
Directed by Nagisa Oshima. With Charlotte Rampling,
Anthony Higgins, Victoria Abril; France/USA/Japan
1986, 35mm, 98 minutes, color, French and English
with English subtitles
MONDAY, DECEMBER 15
7:00 PM
7:00 PM
Empire of Passion (Ai no borei)
Band of Ninja (Ninja Bugei-cho)
The Sun’s Burial (Taiyo no hakaba)
Directed by Nagisa Oshima. Japan 1967, 35mm,
100 minutes, b/w, Narrated in English
Directed by Nagisa Oshima. With Takahiro Tamura,
Kazuko Yoshiyuki, Tatsuya Fuji; Japan/France 1978, 35mm,
106 minutes, color, Japanese with English subtitles
Directed by Nagisa Oshima. With Kayoko Honoo, Isao
Sasaki, Masahiko Tsugawa; Japan 1960, 35mm, 87 minutes,
color, Japanese with English subtitles
9:30 PM
9:15 PM
A Treatise on Japanese Bawdy Songs
(Nihon shunka-ko)
The Man Who Left His Will on Film
(Tokyo senso sengo hiwa)
Directed by Nagisa Oshima. With Ichiro Araki, Hideko
Yoshida, Koji Iwabuchi; Japan 1967, 35mm, 103 minutes,
color, Japanese with English subtitles
Directed by Nagisa Oshima. With Kazuo Goto, Emiko
Iwasaki, Sugio Fukuoka; Japan 1970, 35mm, 94 minutes,
b/w, Japanese with English subtitles
MONDAY, DECEMBER 8
7:00 PM
Cruel Story of Youth (Seishun zankoku
monogatari)
Directed by Nagisa Oshima. With Yusuke Kawazu, Miyuki
Kuwano, Yoshiko Kuga; Japan 1960, 35mm, 96 minutes,
color, Japanese with English subtitles
9:00 PM
FRIDAY, DECEMBER 12
7:00 PM
Max mon Amour
Night and Fog in Japan (Nihon no yoru to kiri)
Directed by Nagisa Oshima. With Fumio Watanabe, Miyuki
Kuwano, Masahiko Tsugawa; Japan 1960, 35mm, 107
minutes, color, Japanese with English subtitles
THURSDAY, DECEMBER 18
9:15 PM
Violence at Noon (Hakuchu no torima)
The Catch (Shiiku)
Directed by Nagisa Oshima. With Saeda Kawaguchi, Akiko
Koyama, Kei Sato; Japan 1966, 35mm, 90 minutes, color,
Japanese with English subtitles
Directed by Nagisa Oshima. With Rentaro Mikuni, Sadako
Sawamura, Hugh Hurd; Japan 1961, 35mm, 97 minutes,
b/w, Japanese with English subtitles
7:00 PM
MONDAY, DECEMBER 22
7:00 PM
Taboo (Gohatto)
Directed by Nagisa Oshima. With Takeshi Kitano, Ryuhei
Matsuda, Shinji Takeda; Japan 2000, 35mm, 101 minutes,
color, Japanese with English subtitles
FOLLOWED BY
9:00 PM
Kyoto: My Mothers Place
Japanese Summer: Double Suicide
(Muri-shinju: Nihon no natsu)
Directed by Nagisa Oshima; Japan 1991, video, 50 minutes,
color, Japanese with English subtitles
Directed by Nagisa Oshima. With Keiko Sakuai, Kei
Sato; Japan 1967, 35mm, 98 minutes, b/w, Japanese
with English subtitles

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