Sec. 4-5: Applying Ratios to
Probability
1. Outcome:
The result of a single trial of a probability
experiment.
Getting a “TAIL” with one flip of a coin
2. Event:
The “desired effect” of a probability
experiment.
A “TAIL” or “HEAD” when flipping a coin.
Simple Events: Result of a single trial.
Compound Events: 2 or more simple
events, like rolling an EVEN number on a
die.
3. Sample Space:
The SET of all possible outcomes of an
experiment.
{Tails, Heads}
4. Probability: P(x)
Where x represents the event.
P(x) = “Desired outcome”
Sample Size
a. Theoretical Probability: uses SAMPLE
SPACES to determine probability. (You
do NOT have to actually DO an
experiment)
P(“3”) = 1/6
b. Experimental Probability: An
experiment must be done to determine
the probability of an event. (Each
outcome is considered to be equally
likely.)
P(a cancer eliminating pill) = ???
5. Complement:
The opposite (probability).
P(x) = 1 – P(x)
if P(x) = .4
then
P(x) = .6
if P(x) = 1/5
then
P(x) = 4/5
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