Reading, PA
National Compensation Survey
January 2007
_________________________________________________________________________________________
U.S. Department of Labor
Elaine L. Chao, Secretary
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Philip L. Rones, Deputy Commissioner
September 2007
Bulletin 3140–11
Preface
D
Division of Compensation Data Analysis and Planning, 2
Massachusetts Avenue, NE., Room 4175, Washington, DC
20212–0001, call (202) 691–6199, or send an e-mail to
[email protected].
The data contained in this bulletin are also available at
http://www.bls.gov/ncs/ocs/compub.htm, the BLS Internet site. Data are presented in a Portable Document Format
(PDF) file containing the core bulletin, and in an ASCII file
containing the published table formats.
Results of earlier surveys of this area are available from
BLS regional offices, the Division of Compensation Data
Analysis and Planning, or at the BLS Internet site.
Material in this bulletin is in the public domain and,
with appropriate credit, may be reproduced without permission. This information will be made available to sensory
impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202)
691–5200; Federal Relay Service: 1–800–877–8339.
ata shown in this bulletin were collected as part of the
Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) National Compensation Survey (NCS). The survey could not have been conducted without the cooperation of the many private establishments and government agencies that provided pay data
included in this bulletin. The Bureau thanks these respondents for their cooperation.
Field economists of the Bureau of Labor Statistics collected and reviewed the survey data. The Office of Compensation and Working Conditions, in cooperation with the
Office of Field Operations and the Office of Technology
and Survey Processing in the BLS National Office, designed the survey, processed the data, and prepared the
survey for publication.
For additional information regarding this survey, please
contact any BLS regional office at the address and telephone number listed on the back cover of this bulletin.
You may also write to the Bureau of Labor Statistics at:
iii
Contents
Page
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................
1
Tables:
1. Summary: Mean hourly earnings and weekly hours for selected worker
and establishment characteristics..................................................................................................
2. Civilian workers: Mean hourly earnings for full-time and part-time workers
by work levels...............................................................................................................................
3. Private industry workers: Mean hourly earnings for full-time and part-time workers
by work levels...............................................................................................................................
4. State and local government workers: Mean hourly earnings for full-time and part-time workers
by work levels...............................................................................................................................
5. Combined work levels for civilian workers: Mean hourly earnings for full-time
and part-time workers ...................................................................................................................
6. Civilian workers: Hourly wage percentiles...................................................................................
7. Private industry workers: Hourly wage percentiles ......................................................................
8. State and local government workers: Hourly wage percentiles ....................................................
9. Full-time civilian workers: Hourly wage percentiles ....................................................................
10. Part-time civilian workers: Hourly wage percentiles ....................................................................
11. Full-time civilian workers: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual
earnings and mean weekly and annual hours ................................................................................
12. Full-time private industry workers: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual
earnings and mean weekly and annual hours ................................................................................
13. Full-time State and local government workers: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual
earnings and mean weekly and annual hours ................................................................................
14. Size of establishment: Mean hourly earnings of private industry establishments
for major occupational groups......................................................................................................
15. Establishments with fewer than 100 workers: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual
earnings and mean weekly and annual hours for full-time private industry workers ....................
16. Establishments with 100 workers or more: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual
earnings and mean weekly and annual hours for full-time private industry workers ....................
17. Union and nonunion workers: Mean hourly earnings for major occupational groups ..................
18. Time and incentive workers: Mean hourly earnings for major occupational groups ....................
19. Industry sector: Mean hourly earnings for private industry workers
by major occupational group ........................................................................................................
3
4
7
10
11
14
16
18
19
21
22
24
26
27
28
29
31
32
33
Appendixes:
A. Technical Note...............................................................................................................................
Appendix table 1. Number of workers represented by the survey ................................................
Appendix table 2. Survey establishment response ........................................................................
B. Standard Occupational Classification System................................................................................
v
A–1
A–5
A–6
B–1
Introduction
T
About the tables
The tables that follow present data on straight-time occupational earnings, which include wages and salaries, incentive
pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. These
earnings exclude premium pay for overtime, vacations,
holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. About 800 detailed occupations, listed in Appendix B, are used to describe all occupations in the civilian nonfarm economy (excluding the Federal Government and private households).
Data are not shown for any occupations if they would raise
concerns about the confidentiality of the survey respondents or if the data are insufficient to support reliable estimates.
Table 1 presents an overview of all tables in this bulletin. Mean hourly earnings, weekly hours, and relative standard errors are given for all industries, private industry, and
State and local government for selected worker and establishment characteristics. The worker characteristics include
high-level and intermediate occupational aggregation, fulltime or part-time status, union or nonunion status, and time
or incentive pay. Establishment characteristics include
goods producing, service providing, and size of establishment.
Table 2 presents mean hourly earnings data by work
level for occupational major groups and for detailed occupations. Separate data are also shown for full-time and
part-time workers. Table 3 provides work level data for
private industry workers. Table 4 provides similar data for
State and local government workers. Table 5 simplifies the
work levels by combining them into broader groups within
major and detailed occupations, and for full-time and parttime workers.
Tables 6 through 10 present hourly wage percentiles
that describe the distribution of hourly earnings for individual workers within each published occupation. Data are
provided for the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles
for detailed occupations within all industries, private industry, State and local government, full-time workers, and
part-time workers.
Table 11 presents mean and median hourly, weekly, and
annual earnings, and the associated hours, for major occupational groups and detailed occupations for full-time
workers. Table 12 provides the same type of information
for private industry workers. Table 13 provides similar
data for State and local government workers.
Table 14 presents mean hourly earnings data for establishment employment sizes by high-level occupational ag-
he tables in this bulletin summarize the NCS results for
the Reading, PA, Metropolitan Statistical Area. Data
were collected between June 2006 and July 2007; the average reference month is January 2007. Tabulations provide
information on earnings of workers in a variety of occupations and at different work levels. Also contained in this
bulletin are information on the program, a technical note
describing survey procedures, and an appendix with detailed information on occupational classifications.
Most of the earnings estimates in this bulletin are presented as mean hourly earnings. Mean weekly and annual
earnings, and the corresponding hours, also are provided
for full-time employees in specific occupations. Some occupations, such as teachers and fire fighters, typically have
shorter or longer work schedules than do the majority of
full-time workers. The weekly and annual estimates are
useful for comparing the earnings of occupations having
different work schedules.
NCS products
The Bureau’s National Compensation Survey provides
comprehensive measures of occupational earnings, compensation cost trends, benefit incidence, and detailed plan
provisions. The Employment Cost Index, a quarterly
measure of the change in employer costs for wages and
benefits, is derived from the NCS. Employer Costs for
Employee Compensation measures employers’ average
hourly costs for wages and benefits. NCS also measures
the incidence and provisions of benefit plans. This bulletin
is limited to data on occupational wages and salaries.
Changes to the publications
The locality wage publications are undergoing a number of
significant changes. Please see the bulletins published between September 2006 and July 2007 for information on
earlier changes.
The areas covered by the publications are currently being updated to the December 2003 definitions of Combined
Statistical Areas, Metropolitan Statistical Areas, and Micropolitan Statistical Areas, as determined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB). This bulletin includes a new State and local government sample that
reflects the new area definition.
In appendix table 2, the total numbers of establishments
in the sampling frame are now benchmarked to the latest
available establishment counts, adjusted for establishments
that are out of scope for NCS.
1
high-level occupational aggregation. Table 19 presents
mean hourly earnings data for major industry divisions
within the private sector.
Appendix table 1 presents the number of workers represented by the survey, by high-level occupational aggregation and for all industries, private industry, and State and
local government. Appendix table 2 provides the number
of establishments in the sampling frame and the number of
responding and nonresponding establishments.
gregations in the private sector. Tables 15 and 16 provide
mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual earnings data
for full-time employees in private establishments with
fewer than 100 workers, and in private establishments with
100 workers or more.
Table 17 presents mean hourly earnings data for union
and nonunion workers in all, private, and State and local
government establishments by high-level occupational aggregation. Table 18 provides hourly earnings data for time
and incentive workers in all and private establishments by
2
Table 1. Summary: Mean hourly earnings1 and weekly hours for selected worker and establishment characteristics, Reading, PA,
January 2007
Civilian
workers
Worker and establishment
characteristics
Private industry
workers
Hourly earnings
Mean
Relative
error2
(percent)
$18.05
3.2
Management, professional, and related ...........
Management, business, and financial ..........
Professional and related ...............................
Service ..............................................................
Sales and office ................................................
Sales and related ..........................................
Office and administrative support .................
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance ...................................................
Construction and extraction .........................
Installation, maintenance, and repair ............
Production, transportation, and material
moving ............................................................
Production ....................................................
Transportation and material moving .............
30.44
33.98
28.30
11.17
14.54
13.98
14.85
State and local government
workers
Hourly earnings
Mean
weekly
hours3
Mean
Relative
error2
(percent)
35.4
$17.25
3.7
3.8
6.7
5.3
6.8
3.7
12.4
2.4
36.3
39.6
34.5
30.6
33.8
31.5
35.3
29.75
34.16
26.03
10.32
14.45
13.98
14.73
18.27
17.50
19.10
8.1
2.7
12.3
38.9
36.6
40.3
14.49
15.39
13.48
3.4
1.4
6.0
Full time ............................................................
Part time ...........................................................
19.29
9.62
Union ................................................................
Nonunion ..........................................................
Time ..................................................................
Incentive ...........................................................
Hourly earnings
Mean
weekly
hours3
Mean
weekly
hours3
Mean
Relative
error2
(percent)
35.6
$24.93
1.3
33.5
4.8
7.2
8.8
7.2
3.9
12.4
2.5
36.8
40.5
34.1
29.8
34.2
31.5
36.0
32.64
31.90
32.74
15.15
16.74
–
16.74
2.4
16.5
1.3
12.1
2.5
–
2.5
34.7
31.4
35.2
35.0
26.7
–
26.7
18.31
17.38
19.26
8.6
2.8
12.8
39.6
38.3
40.4
17.57
–
–
5.4
–
–
30.6
–
–
39.7
38.2
41.5
14.49
15.39
13.48
3.5
1.4
6.1
39.8
38.2
41.7
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
3.2
13.3
39.8
20.1
18.46
9.51
3.7
14.4
40.2
20.6
25.93
11.58
1.7
16.4
37.1
14.6
21.87
17.39
3.1
3.9
37.4
35.1
16.00
17.34
4.3
4.0
39.1
35.4
25.80
20.04
1.4
5.6
36.4
23.1
17.78
21.10
3.1
16.5
34.8
43.1
16.87
21.10
3.7
16.6
35.0
44.2
24.93
–
1.3
–
34.0
–
Goods producing ..............................................
Service providing ..............................................
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
18.20
–
2.5
–
39.5
–
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
1-99 workers .....................................................
100-499 workers ...............................................
500 workers or more .........................................
16.61
18.48
20.70
5.9
4.8
3.7
34.4
35.5
37.7
16.61
17.44
18.98
5.9
5.7
4.3
34.8
35.6
38.7
–
25.72
24.63
–
4.0
1.2
–
35.2
35.7
All workers ..........................................................
Worker characteristics4,5
Establishment characteristics
1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They
include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium
pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is
computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers,
weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information.
2 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of
the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample
estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A.
3 Mean weekly hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a week,
exclusive of overtime.
4 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based
on the definition used by each establishment. Union workers are those whose wages are
determined through collective bargaining. Wages of time workers are based solely on
hourly rate or salary; incentive workers are those whose wages are at least partially
based on productivity payments such as piece rates, commissions, and production
bonuses.
5 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational
Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information.
6 Classification of establishments into goods-producing and service-providing
industries applies to private industry only. Industries are determined by the 2002 North
American Industry Classification System (NAICS).
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication
criteria.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
3
Table 2. Civilian workers: Mean hourly earnings1 for full-time and part-time workers2 by work levels3, Reading, PA,
January 2007
Total
Occupation4 and level
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
All workers ..............................................................................
$18.05
3.2
$19.29
3.2
$9.62
13.3
Management occupations .................................................
Level 9 .............................................................
Not able to be leveled .......................................
Industrial production managers ........................................
Education administrators ..................................................
40.49
30.00
48.60
37.72
40.24
15.6
5.6
9.2
48.8
17.4
40.62
30.00
49.31
37.72
40.24
15.7
5.6
9.0
48.8
17.4
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Business and financial operations occupations .............
Level 7 .............................................................
Level 9 .............................................................
28.82
21.16
34.75
6.7
2.3
9.3
28.82
21.16
34.75
6.7
2.3
9.3
–
–
–
–
–
–
Computer and mathematical science occupations .........
Computer systems analysts .............................................
Industrial engineers, including health and safety ..........
Industrial engineers ..................................................
26.95
29.55
34.59
34.59
5.8
8.5
11.0
11.0
26.95
29.55
34.59
34.59
5.8
8.5
11.0
11.0
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Community and social services occupations ..................
21.53
21.0
21.53
21.0
–
–
Education, training, and library occupations ..................
Level 9 .............................................................
Postsecondary teachers ...................................................
Primary, secondary, and special education school
teachers ......................................................................
Level 9 .............................................................
Elementary and middle school teachers .......................
Level 9 .............................................................
Elementary school teachers, except special
education ............................................................
Level 9 .............................................................
31.86
38.28
41.00
7.0
1.5
3.4
33.27
38.41
41.26
7.4
1.8
3.5
14.41
–
–
24.0
–
–
34.19
38.45
35.70
39.06
6.7
2.0
5.7
2.0
35.16
38.58
35.81
39.29
6.7
2.4
5.7
2.7
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
37.36
38.86
3.2
.9
37.56
39.13
2.8
1.7
–
–
–
–
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations ........
Level 6 .............................................................
Level 8 .............................................................
Registered nurses ............................................................
23.87
21.39
–
–
3.0
2.0
–
–
24.16
–
27.65
30.68
6.5
–
5.3
22.6
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Healthcare support occupations .......................................
Level 3 .............................................................
Level 4 .............................................................
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides ....................
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants ......................
Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations ................
12.12
12.10
13.77
11.77
11.44
12.89
3.5
4.9
1.6
1.7
2.7
7.1
12.37
12.61
–
11.78
–
–
3.4
3.8
–
1.7
–
–
10.20
–
–
–
–
–
10.7
–
–
–
–
–
Protective service occupations .........................................
19.38
11.1
19.91
12.9
–
–
Food preparation and serving related occupations ........
Level 1 .............................................................
Level 2 .............................................................
Level 3 .............................................................
Cooks ...............................................................................
Food service, tipped .........................................................
Level 1 .............................................................
Waiters and waitresses ................................................
Level 1 .............................................................
Fast food and counter workers .........................................
Combined food preparation and serving workers,
including fast food ...................................................
7.41
5.24
6.87
9.26
10.40
3.85
3.02
3.57
2.92
9.44
3.5
14.5
16.3
8.1
9.1
17.2
3.8
16.7
1.9
11.6
9.39
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
5.9
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
5.67
4.72
5.90
–
–
4.12
3.14
3.78
–
7.37
9.66
11.8
–
–
–
–
12.60
9.86
12.25
11.05
9.66
12.25
10.8
9.9
6.9
6.9
12.7
6.9
13.80
11.14
–
12.49
11.47
–
9.0
3.8
–
3.6
4.8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance
occupations ..................................................................
Level 1 .............................................................
Level 3 .............................................................
Building cleaning workers .................................................
Level 1 .............................................................
Level 3 .............................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
4
8.3
18.1
31.4
–
–
17.8
9.2
18.4
–
9.0
Table 2. Civilian workers: Mean hourly earnings1 for full-time and part-time workers2 by work levels3, Reading, PA,
January 2007 — Continued
Total
Occupation4 and level
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and
housekeeping cleaners ...........................................
Level 1 .............................................................
Level 3 .............................................................
$11.97
10.95
12.25
3.7
5.8
6.9
$12.70
11.47
–
3.5
4.8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Personal care and service occupations ...........................
11.49
18.7
–
–
$8.36
7.4
Sales and related occupations ..........................................
Level 2 .............................................................
Level 3 .............................................................
Level 4 .............................................................
Retail sales workers .........................................................
Level 2 .............................................................
Level 3 .............................................................
Cashiers, all workers ....................................................
Level 2 .............................................................
Cashiers ...................................................................
Level 2 .............................................................
Retail salespersons ......................................................
13.98
7.30
8.86
23.38
12.13
7.19
8.86
7.26
6.88
7.26
6.88
15.69
12.4
3.9
7.9
24.8
13.5
6.0
7.9
3.7
.0
3.7
.0
33.9
17.57
–
8.91
23.38
14.77
–
8.91
–
–
–
–
17.65
17.7
–
8.0
24.8
18.3
–
8.0
–
–
–
–
30.1
7.49
7.12
–
–
7.45
6.86
–
6.76
–
6.76
–
–
6.7
1.9
–
–
9.4
5.3
–
2.2
–
2.2
–
–
Office and administrative support occupations ..............
Level 1 .............................................................
Level 2 .............................................................
Level 3 .............................................................
Level 4 .............................................................
Level 5 .............................................................
Level 6 .............................................................
Financial clerks .................................................................
Level 4 .............................................................
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks .............
Customer service representatives ....................................
Order clerks ......................................................................
Receptionists and information clerks ................................
Production, planning, and expediting clerks .....................
Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks ...............................
Level 3 .............................................................
Stock clerks and order fillers ............................................
Secretaries and administrative assistants ........................
Level 4 .............................................................
Executive secretaries and administrative assistants ....
Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive ........
Level 4 .............................................................
Office clerks, general ........................................................
14.85
8.19
11.03
12.89
16.14
18.31
18.02
15.99
15.12
16.22
14.87
16.09
11.76
16.27
13.40
13.32
10.00
16.41
14.66
17.64
16.04
14.57
14.07
2.4
8.7
3.8
4.1
5.1
5.3
6.5
8.4
4.5
13.4
8.0
23.6
6.2
7.0
7.3
7.5
8.1
5.5
4.9
6.1
7.8
5.3
6.6
15.19
–
11.57
12.99
16.05
18.82
17.88
16.22
15.12
16.58
15.39
16.09
–
16.27
13.40
13.32
–
16.53
14.66
17.64
16.04
14.57
14.06
3.0
–
4.0
4.2
5.3
4.5
6.7
8.6
4.5
13.5
9.1
23.6
–
7.0
7.3
7.5
–
5.7
4.9
6.1
7.9
5.3
6.8
11.46
–
–
11.49
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
10.8
–
–
3.8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Construction and extraction occupations .......................
17.50
2.7
17.51
2.9
–
–
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations .........
Level 5 .............................................................
Level 6 .............................................................
Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance
workers .......................................................................
19.10
15.39
18.28
12.3
10.3
8.0
19.10
15.39
18.28
12.3
10.3
8.0
–
–
–
–
–
–
20.05
3.4
20.05
3.4
–
–
15.39
8.58
12.04
13.57
15.85
17.22
20.81
23.04
1.4
2.5
5.4
7.9
3.8
2.9
1.8
9.2
15.79
8.63
12.24
14.61
15.85
17.22
20.81
23.04
1.3
2.6
5.3
4.4
3.8
2.9
1.8
9.2
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23.52
2.1
23.52
2.1
–
–
14.58
14.58
13.34
2.5
2.5
8.4
14.58
14.58
13.53
2.5
2.5
7.7
–
–
–
–
–
–
Production occupations ....................................................
Level 1 .............................................................
Level 2 .............................................................
Level 3 .............................................................
Level 4 .............................................................
Level 5 .............................................................
Level 6 .............................................................
Level 7 .............................................................
First-line supervisors/managers of production and
operating workers .......................................................
Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical
assemblers .................................................................
Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers ..........
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators .......................
See footnotes at end of table.
5
Table 2. Civilian workers: Mean hourly earnings1 for full-time and part-time workers2 by work levels3, Reading, PA,
January 2007 — Continued
Total
Occupation4 and level
Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic ...........................................
Miscellaneous metalworkers and plastic workers .............
Printers .............................................................................
Printing machine operators ...........................................
Cutting workers .................................................................
Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and
tenders ....................................................................
Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders ......
Miscellaneous production workers ...................................
Level 3 .............................................................
Helpers--production workers ........................................
Transportation and material moving occupations ..........
Level 1 .............................................................
Level 2 .............................................................
Level 3 .............................................................
Level 4 .............................................................
Level 5 .............................................................
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers .............................
Level 5 .............................................................
Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer .........................
Industrial truck and tractor operators ................................
Laborers and material movers, hand ................................
Level 1 .............................................................
Level 3 .............................................................
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers,
hand ........................................................................
Level 3 .............................................................
Packers and packagers, hand ......................................
Level 1 .............................................................
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
$17.81
18.27
17.46
17.54
13.14
3.0
16.6
4.1
4.3
6.2
$17.81
18.27
17.46
17.54
13.14
3.0
16.6
4.1
4.3
6.2
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
13.14
14.72
13.53
16.52
13.51
6.2
5.9
7.2
8.8
5.5
13.14
14.72
13.53
16.52
13.51
6.2
5.9
7.2
8.8
5.5
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
13.48
9.36
11.37
15.13
15.33
16.94
14.81
16.91
16.27
14.14
13.54
9.83
15.07
6.0
2.4
6.1
1.6
6.7
2.6
6.3
2.0
3.2
1.6
2.7
2.5
1.7
13.59
9.34
11.37
15.13
15.33
16.94
14.93
16.91
16.27
14.14
13.77
9.82
15.07
5.9
1.8
6.1
1.6
6.7
2.6
6.0
2.0
3.2
1.6
3.2
2.0
1.7
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15.12
15.57
13.06
9.82
4.4
4.8
5.2
4.1
15.59
15.57
–
9.31
2.6
4.8
–
3.2
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees.
They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded
are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and
tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the
number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information.
2 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time
schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a
worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time
employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where
a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
3 Each occupation for which data are collected in an establishment is
evaluated based on four factors, including knowledge, job controls and
complexity, contacts, and physical environment. The knowledge factor is tailored
to 24 families of closely related jobs. Points are assigned based on the
occupation’s rank within each factor. The points are summed to determine the
overall level of the occupation. See appendix A for more information.
4 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard
Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information.
5 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a
percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around
a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet
publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data for categories
not shown separately
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
6
Table 3. Private industry workers: Mean hourly earnings1 for full-time and part-time workers2 by work levels3, Reading,
PA, January 2007
Total
Occupation4 and level
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
All workers ..............................................................................
$17.25
3.7
$18.46
3.7
$9.51
14.4
Management occupations .................................................
Level 9 .............................................................
Not able to be leveled .......................................
Industrial production managers ........................................
42.28
29.33
49.31
37.72
18.3
5.9
9.0
48.8
42.28
29.33
49.31
37.72
18.3
5.9
9.0
48.8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Business and financial operations occupations .............
Level 7 .............................................................
Level 9 .............................................................
28.82
21.16
34.75
6.7
2.3
9.3
28.82
21.16
34.75
6.7
2.3
9.3
–
–
–
–
–
–
Computer and mathematical science occupations .........
Industrial engineers, including health and safety ..........
Industrial engineers ..................................................
27.47
34.59
34.59
5.7
11.0
11.0
27.47
34.59
34.59
5.7
11.0
11.0
–
–
–
–
–
–
Education, training, and library occupations ..................
Postsecondary teachers ...................................................
16.57
40.71
16.2
8.4
–
41.48
–
9.1
–
–
–
–
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations ........
Level 6 .............................................................
Level 8 .............................................................
24.23
20.93
–
2.8
.8
–
24.83
–
27.69
8.3
–
6.3
–
–
–
–
–
–
Healthcare support occupations .......................................
Level 3 .............................................................
Level 4 .............................................................
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides ....................
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants ......................
Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations ................
11.94
11.73
13.77
11.40
11.34
12.89
3.9
6.6
1.6
1.8
3.3
7.1
12.20
–
–
–
–
–
3.7
–
–
–
–
–
10.20
–
–
–
–
–
10.7
–
–
–
–
–
Food preparation and serving related occupations ........
Level 1 .............................................................
Level 2 .............................................................
Food service, tipped .........................................................
Level 1 .............................................................
Waiters and waitresses ................................................
Level 1 .............................................................
Fast food and counter workers .........................................
Combined food preparation and serving workers,
including fast food ...................................................
7.17
5.24
6.73
3.75
3.02
3.57
2.92
7.99
2.2
14.5
16.5
17.7
3.8
16.7
1.9
7.8
9.17
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
4.7
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
5.46
4.72
5.61
3.99
3.14
3.78
–
–
8.4
18.1
33.7
18.8
9.2
18.4
–
–
8.20
7.8
–
–
–
–
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance
occupations ..................................................................
Level 1 .............................................................
Building cleaning workers .................................................
Level 1 .............................................................
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and
housekeeping cleaners ...........................................
Level 1 .............................................................
12.17
9.72
9.91
9.47
14.7
10.4
8.1
13.5
13.50
11.05
11.41
–
12.4
4.0
3.9
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
10.91
10.80
4.3
6.5
11.61
–
4.3
–
–
–
–
–
Personal care and service occupations ...........................
12.00
19.7
–
–
8.45
7.9
Sales and related occupations ..........................................
Level 2 .............................................................
Level 3 .............................................................
Level 4 .............................................................
Retail sales workers .........................................................
Level 2 .............................................................
Level 3 .............................................................
Cashiers, all workers ....................................................
Level 2 .............................................................
Cashiers ...................................................................
Level 2 .............................................................
Retail salespersons ......................................................
13.98
7.30
8.86
23.38
12.13
7.19
8.86
7.26
6.88
7.26
6.88
15.69
12.4
3.9
7.9
24.8
13.5
6.0
7.9
3.7
.0
3.7
.0
33.9
17.57
–
8.91
23.38
14.77
–
8.91
–
–
–
–
17.65
17.7
–
8.0
24.8
18.3
–
8.0
–
–
–
–
30.1
7.49
7.12
–
–
7.45
6.86
–
6.76
–
6.76
–
–
6.7
1.9
–
–
9.4
5.3
–
2.2
–
2.2
–
–
Office and administrative support occupations ..............
Level 1 .............................................................
14.73
8.19
2.5
8.7
15.08
–
3.2
–
11.40
–
10.9
–
See footnotes at end of table.
7
Table 3. Private industry workers: Mean hourly earnings1 for full-time and part-time workers2 by work levels3, Reading,
PA, January 2007 — Continued
Total
Occupation4 and level
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Office and administrative support occupations
–Continued
Level 2 .............................................................
Level 3 .............................................................
Level 4 .............................................................
Level 5 .............................................................
Level 6 .............................................................
Financial clerks .................................................................
Level 4 .............................................................
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks .............
Customer service representatives ....................................
Order clerks ......................................................................
Receptionists and information clerks ................................
Production, planning, and expediting clerks .....................
Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks ...............................
Level 3 .............................................................
Stock clerks and order fillers ............................................
Secretaries and administrative assistants ........................
Level 4 .............................................................
Executive secretaries and administrative assistants ....
Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive ........
Level 4 .............................................................
Office clerks, general ........................................................
$11.03
12.89
16.17
18.43
18.00
15.99
15.12
16.22
14.87
16.09
11.76
16.27
13.40
13.32
10.00
16.21
14.28
17.25
15.98
14.06
13.27
3.8
4.2
5.8
5.6
7.5
8.4
4.5
13.4
8.0
23.6
6.2
7.0
7.3
7.5
8.1
6.4
5.5
7.3
9.5
6.2
4.0
$11.57
12.99
16.07
19.00
17.84
16.22
15.12
16.58
15.39
16.09
–
16.27
13.40
13.32
–
16.35
14.28
17.25
15.98
14.06
13.23
4.0
4.2
6.1
4.8
7.7
8.6
4.5
13.5
9.1
23.6
–
7.0
7.3
7.5
–
6.8
5.5
7.3
9.5
6.2
3.9
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Construction and extraction occupations .......................
17.38
2.8
17.34
3.0
–
–
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations .........
Level 6 .............................................................
Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance
workers .......................................................................
19.26
18.36
12.8
8.0
19.26
18.36
12.8
8.0
–
–
–
–
20.78
4.5
20.78
4.5
–
–
15.39
8.58
12.04
13.57
15.85
17.22
20.81
23.04
1.4
2.5
5.4
7.9
3.8
2.9
1.8
9.2
15.79
8.63
12.24
14.61
15.85
17.22
20.81
23.04
1.3
2.6
5.3
4.4
3.8
2.9
1.8
9.2
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23.52
2.1
23.52
2.1
–
–
14.58
14.58
13.34
2.5
2.5
8.4
14.58
14.58
13.53
2.5
2.5
7.7
–
–
–
–
–
–
Production occupations ....................................................
Level 1 .............................................................
Level 2 .............................................................
Level 3 .............................................................
Level 4 .............................................................
Level 5 .............................................................
Level 6 .............................................................
Level 7 .............................................................
First-line supervisors/managers of production and
operating workers .......................................................
Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical
assemblers .................................................................
Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers ..........
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators .......................
Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic ...........................................
Miscellaneous metalworkers and plastic workers .............
Printers .............................................................................
Printing machine operators ...........................................
Cutting workers .................................................................
Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and
tenders ....................................................................
Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders ......
Miscellaneous production workers ...................................
Level 3 .............................................................
Helpers--production workers ........................................
17.81
18.27
17.46
17.54
13.14
3.0
16.6
4.1
4.3
6.2
17.81
18.27
17.46
17.54
13.14
3.0
16.6
4.1
4.3
6.2
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
13.14
14.72
13.53
16.52
13.51
6.2
5.9
7.2
8.8
5.5
13.14
14.72
13.53
16.52
13.51
6.2
5.9
7.2
8.8
5.5
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Transportation and material moving occupations ..........
Level 1 .............................................................
Level 2 .............................................................
Level 3 .............................................................
Level 4 .............................................................
Level 5 .............................................................
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers .............................
13.48
9.36
11.37
15.18
15.33
16.94
14.81
6.1
2.4
6.1
1.6
6.7
2.6
6.3
13.59
9.34
11.37
15.18
15.33
16.94
14.93
5.9
1.8
6.1
1.6
6.7
2.6
6.0
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
See footnotes at end of table.
8
Table 3. Private industry workers: Mean hourly earnings1 for full-time and part-time workers2 by work levels3, Reading,
PA, January 2007 — Continued
Total
Occupation4 and level
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers –Continued
Level 5 .............................................................
Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer .........................
Industrial truck and tractor operators ................................
Laborers and material movers, hand ................................
Level 1 .............................................................
Level 3 .............................................................
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers,
hand ........................................................................
Level 3 .............................................................
Packers and packagers, hand ......................................
Level 1 .............................................................
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
$16.91
16.27
14.14
13.54
9.83
15.07
2.0
3.2
1.6
2.7
2.5
1.7
$16.91
16.27
14.14
13.77
9.82
15.07
2.0
3.2
1.6
3.2
2.0
1.7
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15.12
15.57
13.06
9.82
4.4
4.8
5.2
4.1
15.59
15.57
–
9.31
2.6
4.8
–
3.2
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees.
They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded
are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and
tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the
number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information.
2 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time
schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a
worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time
employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where
a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
3 Each occupation for which data are collected in an establishment is
evaluated based on four factors, including knowledge, job controls and
complexity, contacts, and physical environment. The knowledge factor is tailored
to 24 families of closely related jobs. Points are assigned based on the
occupation’s rank within each factor. The points are summed to determine the
overall level of the occupation. See appendix A for more information.
4 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard
Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information.
5 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a
percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around
a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet
publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data for categories
not shown separately
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
9
Table 4. State and local government workers: Mean hourly earnings1 for full-time and part-time workers2 by work
levels3, Reading, PA, January 2007
Total
Occupation4 and level
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
All workers ..............................................................................
$24.93
1.3
$25.93
1.7
$11.58
16.4
Management occupations .................................................
31.90
16.5
–
–
–
–
Education, training, and library occupations ..................
Level 9 .............................................................
Primary, secondary, and special education school
teachers ......................................................................
Level 9 .............................................................
Elementary and middle school teachers .......................
Level 9 .............................................................
Elementary school teachers, except special
education ............................................................
Level 9 .............................................................
35.37
38.38
1.7
1.5
36.50
38.50
1.1
1.9
–
–
–
–
37.63
38.45
37.76
39.06
.3
2.0
1.7
2.0
37.74
38.58
37.94
39.29
.0
2.4
1.3
2.7
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
37.36
38.86
3.2
.9
37.56
39.13
2.8
1.7
–
–
–
–
Protective service occupations .........................................
18.60
15.5
19.30
18.2
–
–
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance
occupations ..................................................................
14.25
7.9
–
–
–
–
Office and administrative support occupations ..............
16.74
2.5
16.73
2.6
–
–
1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees.
They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded
are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and
tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the
number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information.
2 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time
schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a
worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time
employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where
a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
3 Each occupation for which data are collected in an establishment is
evaluated based on four factors, including knowledge, job controls and
complexity, contacts, and physical environment. The knowledge factor is tailored
to 24 families of closely related jobs. Points are assigned based on the
occupation’s rank within each factor. The points are summed to determine the
overall level of the occupation. See appendix A for more information.
4 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard
Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information.
5 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a
percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around
a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet
publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data for categories
not shown separately
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
10
Table 5. Combined work levels1 for civilian workers: Mean hourly earnings2 for full-time and part-time workers3,
Reading, PA, January 2007
Total
Occupation4 and level
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
All workers ..............................................................................
$18.05
3.2
$19.29
3.2
$9.62
13.3
Management occupations .................................................
Group II .............................................................
Group III ............................................................
Industrial production managers ........................................
Education administrators ..................................................
40.49
24.40
42.84
37.72
40.24
15.6
7.9
24.3
48.8
17.4
40.62
–
–
37.72
40.24
15.7
–
–
48.8
17.4
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Business and financial operations occupations .............
Group II .............................................................
Group III ............................................................
28.82
23.09
36.01
6.7
7.2
8.6
28.82
–
–
6.7
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Computer and mathematical science occupations .........
Group II .............................................................
Computer systems analysts .............................................
Industrial engineers, including health and safety ..........
Industrial engineers ..................................................
26.95
24.14
29.55
34.59
34.59
5.8
8.8
8.5
11.0
11.0
26.95
–
29.55
34.59
34.59
5.8
–
8.5
11.0
11.0
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Community and social services occupations ..................
Group II .............................................................
21.53
18.12
21.0
11.0
21.53
–
21.0
–
–
–
–
–
Education, training, and library occupations ..................
Group II .............................................................
Group III ............................................................
Postsecondary teachers ...................................................
Primary, secondary, and special education school
teachers ......................................................................
Group III ............................................................
Elementary and middle school teachers .......................
Group III ............................................................
Elementary school teachers, except special
education ............................................................
Group III ............................................................
31.86
14.90
38.72
41.00
7.0
10.7
1.5
3.4
33.27
–
–
41.26
7.4
–
–
3.5
14.41
–
–
–
24.0
–
–
–
34.19
38.45
35.70
39.06
6.7
2.0
5.7
2.0
35.16
–
35.81
–
6.7
–
5.7
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
37.36
38.86
3.2
.9
37.56
39.13
2.8
1.7
–
–
–
–
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations ........
Group II .............................................................
Registered nurses ............................................................
23.87
21.96
–
3.0
3.1
–
24.16
–
30.68
6.5
–
22.6
–
–
–
–
–
–
Healthcare support occupations .......................................
Group I ..............................................................
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides ....................
Group I ..............................................................
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants ......................
Group I ..............................................................
Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations ................
Group I ..............................................................
12.12
12.32
11.77
11.94
11.44
11.44
12.89
12.89
3.5
4.0
1.7
2.3
2.7
2.7
7.1
7.1
12.37
–
11.78
–
–
–
–
–
3.4
–
1.7
–
–
–
–
–
10.20
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
10.7
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Protective service occupations .........................................
Group II .............................................................
19.38
23.43
11.1
3.6
19.91
–
12.9
–
–
–
–
–
Food preparation and serving related occupations ........
Group I ..............................................................
Cooks ...............................................................................
Food service, tipped .........................................................
Group I ..............................................................
Waiters and waitresses ................................................
Group I ..............................................................
Fast food and counter workers .........................................
Group I ..............................................................
Combined food preparation and serving workers,
including fast food ...................................................
Group I ..............................................................
7.41
6.85
10.40
3.85
3.85
3.57
3.57
9.44
9.47
3.5
5.1
9.1
17.2
17.2
16.7
16.7
11.6
11.7
9.39
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
5.9
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
5.67
–
–
4.12
–
3.78
3.78
7.37
–
9.66
9.70
11.8
12.0
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
12.60
11.29
10.8
6.0
13.80
–
9.0
–
–
–
–
–
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance
occupations ..................................................................
Group I ..............................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
11
8.3
–
–
17.8
–
18.4
18.4
9.0
–
Table 5. Combined work levels1 for civilian workers: Mean hourly earnings2 for full-time and part-time workers3,
Reading, PA, January 2007 — Continued
Total
Occupation4 and level
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Building cleaning workers .................................................
Group I ..............................................................
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and
housekeeping cleaners ...........................................
Group I ..............................................................
$11.05
11.05
6.9
6.9
$12.49
–
3.6
–
–
–
–
–
11.97
11.97
3.7
3.7
12.70
12.70
3.5
3.5
–
–
–
–
Personal care and service occupations ...........................
Group I ..............................................................
11.49
8.66
18.7
5.8
–
–
–
–
$8.36
–
7.4
–
Sales and related occupations ..........................................
Group I ..............................................................
Group II .............................................................
Retail sales workers .........................................................
Group I ..............................................................
Cashiers, all workers ....................................................
Group I ..............................................................
Cashiers ...................................................................
Group I ..............................................................
Retail salespersons ......................................................
Group I ..............................................................
13.98
11.56
23.69
12.13
12.00
7.26
7.26
7.26
7.26
15.69
15.69
12.4
11.8
9.5
13.5
13.7
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.7
33.9
33.9
17.57
–
–
14.77
–
–
–
–
–
17.65
17.65
17.7
–
–
18.3
–
–
–
–
–
30.1
30.1
7.49
–
–
7.45
–
6.76
–
6.76
6.76
–
–
6.7
–
–
9.4
–
2.2
–
2.2
2.2
–
–
Office and administrative support occupations ..............
Group I ..............................................................
Group II .............................................................
Financial clerks .................................................................
Group I ..............................................................
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks .............
Customer service representatives ....................................
Group II .............................................................
Order clerks ......................................................................
Group I ..............................................................
Receptionists and information clerks ................................
Group I ..............................................................
Production, planning, and expediting clerks .....................
Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks ...............................
Group I ..............................................................
Stock clerks and order fillers ............................................
Group I ..............................................................
Secretaries and administrative assistants ........................
Group I ..............................................................
Group II .............................................................
Executive secretaries and administrative assistants ....
Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive ........
Group I ..............................................................
Office clerks, general ........................................................
Group I ..............................................................
14.85
13.54
18.19
15.99
13.93
16.22
14.87
17.40
16.09
16.29
11.76
11.76
16.27
13.40
13.40
10.00
9.82
16.41
14.67
18.85
17.64
16.04
14.58
14.07
13.27
2.4
2.6
4.0
8.4
2.8
13.4
8.0
10.6
23.6
24.3
6.2
6.2
7.0
7.3
7.3
8.1
7.8
5.5
4.9
8.8
6.1
7.8
5.3
6.6
4.0
15.19
–
–
16.22
–
16.58
15.39
17.40
16.09
16.29
–
–
16.27
13.40
13.40
–
–
16.53
–
–
17.64
16.04
14.57
14.06
13.23
3.0
–
–
8.6
–
13.5
9.1
10.6
23.6
24.3
–
–
7.0
7.3
7.3
–
–
5.7
–
–
6.1
7.9
5.3
6.8
3.9
11.46
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
10.8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Construction and extraction occupations .......................
Group I ..............................................................
Group II .............................................................
17.50
13.55
21.46
2.7
2.1
5.8
17.51
–
–
2.9
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations .........
Group II .............................................................
Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance
workers .......................................................................
Group II .............................................................
19.10
20.30
12.3
11.6
19.10
–
12.3
–
–
–
–
–
20.05
20.24
3.4
3.2
20.05
–
3.4
–
–
–
–
–
15.39
13.36
19.63
1.4
4.0
1.3
15.79
–
–
1.3
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23.52
2.1
23.52
2.1
–
–
14.58
14.58
13.34
2.5
2.5
8.4
14.58
14.58
13.53
2.5
2.5
7.7
–
–
–
–
–
–
Production occupations ....................................................
Group I ..............................................................
Group II .............................................................
First-line supervisors/managers of production and
operating workers .......................................................
Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical
assemblers .................................................................
Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers ..........
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators .......................
See footnotes at end of table.
12
Table 5. Combined work levels1 for civilian workers: Mean hourly earnings2 for full-time and part-time workers3,
Reading, PA, January 2007 — Continued
Total
Occupation4 and level
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators –Continued
Group I ..............................................................
Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic ...........................................
Miscellaneous metalworkers and plastic workers .............
Printers .............................................................................
Printing machine operators ...........................................
Cutting workers .................................................................
Group I ..............................................................
Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and
tenders ....................................................................
Group I ..............................................................
Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders ......
Group I ..............................................................
Miscellaneous production workers ...................................
Group I ..............................................................
Helpers--production workers ........................................
Group I ..............................................................
Transportation and material moving occupations ..........
Group I ..............................................................
Group II .............................................................
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers .............................
Group I ..............................................................
Group II .............................................................
Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer .........................
Group I ..............................................................
Industrial truck and tractor operators ................................
Laborers and material movers, hand ................................
Group I ..............................................................
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers,
hand ........................................................................
Group I ..............................................................
Packers and packagers, hand ......................................
Group I ..............................................................
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
$12.02
5.3
–
–
–
–
17.81
18.27
17.46
17.54
13.14
13.14
3.0
16.6
4.1
4.3
6.2
6.2
$17.81
18.27
17.46
17.54
13.14
–
3.0
16.6
4.1
4.3
6.2
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
13.14
13.14
14.72
14.72
13.53
12.93
13.51
13.51
6.2
6.2
5.9
5.9
7.2
12.2
5.5
5.5
13.14
13.14
14.72
14.72
13.53
–
13.51
13.51
6.2
6.2
5.9
5.9
7.2
–
5.5
5.5
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
13.48
12.66
16.97
14.81
13.05
16.91
16.27
15.19
14.14
13.54
13.54
6.0
5.6
2.7
6.3
9.8
2.0
3.2
3.8
1.6
2.7
2.7
13.59
–
–
14.93
–
–
16.27
15.19
14.14
13.77
–
5.9
–
–
6.0
–
–
3.2
3.8
1.6
3.2
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15.12
15.12
13.06
13.06
4.4
4.4
5.2
5.2
15.59
15.59
–
–
2.6
2.6
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1 Combined work levels simplify the presentation of work levels by combining
levels 1 through 15 into four broad groups. Group I combines levels 1-4, group II
combines levels 5-8, group III combines levels 9-12, and group IV combines
levels 13-15.
2 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees.
They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded
are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and
tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the
number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information.
3 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time
schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a
worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time
employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where
a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
4 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard
Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information.
5 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a
percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around
a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet
publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data for categories
not shown separately
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
13
Table 6. Civilian workers: Hourly wage percentiles1, Reading, PA, January 2007
Occupation2
10
25
Median
50
75
90
All workers ..............................................................................
$8.00
$11.05
$15.40
$21.70
$31.25
Management occupations .................................................
Industrial production managers ........................................
Education administrators ..................................................
21.81
11.06
22.37
27.55
11.06
24.92
33.97
34.44
36.05
51.60
43.71
51.60
78.61
78.61
51.60
Business and financial operations occupations .............
19.02
21.16
27.40
33.65
45.27
Computer and mathematical science occupations .........
Computer systems analysts .............................................
Industrial engineers, including health and safety ..........
Industrial engineers ..................................................
20.54
20.54
23.06
23.06
23.09
25.10
28.38
28.38
23.63
29.73
36.93
36.93
33.69
34.48
39.03
39.03
36.55
37.84
44.64
44.64
Community and social services occupations ..................
9.74
17.46
17.74
26.18
35.13
Education, training, and library occupations ..................
Postsecondary teachers ...................................................
Primary, secondary, and special education school
teachers ......................................................................
Elementary and middle school teachers .......................
Elementary school teachers, except special
education ............................................................
11.63
27.07
16.55
30.78
32.07
36.27
41.73
56.27
51.35
65.18
12.14
12.14
28.23
28.97
33.93
34.30
42.80
45.07
51.81
53.31
27.30
30.01
35.45
46.49
54.47
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations ........
17.28
21.07
23.24
24.45
32.00
Healthcare support occupations .......................................
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides ....................
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants ......................
Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations ................
10.51
10.51
10.25
8.06
11.45
11.17
10.51
11.67
11.48
11.48
11.76
13.13
13.10
11.97
11.98
14.95
14.95
13.34
13.34
15.50
Protective service occupations .........................................
11.44
12.20
19.33
26.27
29.33
Food preparation and serving related occupations ........
Cooks ...............................................................................
Food service, tipped .........................................................
Waiters and waitresses ................................................
Fast food and counter workers .........................................
Combined food preparation and serving workers,
including fast food ...................................................
2.83
8.93
2.83
2.83
6.35
2.85
8.93
2.83
2.83
7.14
7.50
9.00
2.83
2.83
9.53
10.00
10.40
3.25
3.25
11.37
13.11
14.00
8.49
3.25
13.11
7.00
7.14
10.52
11.41
13.11
7.00
6.50
9.16
8.79
11.50
10.95
15.97
12.10
20.19
16.61
8.79
9.42
11.50
14.25
16.75
Personal care and service occupations ...........................
6.50
7.96
8.84
10.61
21.46
Sales and related occupations ..........................................
Retail sales workers .........................................................
Cashiers, all workers ....................................................
Cashiers ...................................................................
Retail salespersons ......................................................
6.68
6.68
6.00
6.00
7.32
7.17
7.11
6.68
6.68
8.21
9.10
8.00
7.17
7.17
11.94
16.72
12.77
7.86
7.86
15.08
29.18
22.90
8.00
8.00
29.28
Office and administrative support occupations ..............
Financial clerks .................................................................
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks .............
Customer service representatives ....................................
Order clerks ......................................................................
Receptionists and information clerks ................................
Production, planning, and expediting clerks .....................
Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks ...............................
Stock clerks and order fillers ............................................
Secretaries and administrative assistants ........................
Executive secretaries and administrative assistants ....
Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive ........
Office clerks, general ........................................................
10.20
11.17
10.86
9.67
11.26
8.80
12.00
10.71
6.85
12.68
13.26
11.00
11.75
12.00
13.00
13.00
12.95
12.75
9.39
12.00
11.36
7.50
13.26
14.55
13.95
12.23
13.90
14.60
15.36
14.04
13.00
13.00
16.80
12.00
10.20
15.50
17.20
15.50
14.00
17.73
18.60
20.83
16.98
19.00
13.00
18.56
15.34
12.27
18.65
19.71
18.65
16.20
20.83
21.70
21.70
21.63
26.47
13.00
18.56
17.75
12.27
22.14
21.22
25.00
17.33
Construction and extraction occupations .......................
11.25
13.00
16.38
22.74
27.91
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance
occupations ..................................................................
Building cleaning workers .................................................
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and
housekeeping cleaners ...........................................
See footnotes at end of table.
14
Table 6. Civilian workers: Hourly wage percentiles1, Reading, PA, January 2007 — Continued
10
25
Median
50
75
90
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations .........
Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance
workers .......................................................................
$11.75
$14.61
$16.50
$21.30
$24.75
15.57
17.85
18.31
22.90
23.19
Production occupations ....................................................
First-line supervisors/managers of production and
operating workers .......................................................
Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical
assemblers .................................................................
Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers ..........
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators .......................
Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic ...........................................
Miscellaneous metalworkers and plastic workers .............
Printers .............................................................................
Printing machine operators ...........................................
Cutting workers .................................................................
Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and
tenders ....................................................................
Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders ......
Miscellaneous production workers ...................................
Helpers--production workers ........................................
8.50
11.15
15.45
17.90
22.05
18.27
21.87
24.00
24.48
27.16
11.40
11.40
8.76
13.44
13.44
10.00
14.41
14.41
13.78
14.73
14.73
15.80
16.77
16.77
17.70
15.40
13.50
13.59
12.41
7.50
15.40
13.82
16.25
16.25
8.50
15.85
19.08
17.00
17.59
13.25
19.29
22.05
19.75
19.75
17.50
24.28
23.19
19.79
19.79
17.68
7.50
12.20
7.50
8.50
8.50
13.40
9.41
11.52
13.25
15.25
15.09
13.42
17.50
15.65
16.98
17.20
17.68
17.12
18.29
17.20
8.81
9.50
13.50
12.00
9.80
10.21
12.48
15.50
12.50
10.65
14.25
15.66
16.00
13.45
14.25
16.08
16.66
17.15
16.09
16.06
18.03
18.73
18.73
17.65
17.70
10.30
9.16
14.60
10.90
16.25
14.25
17.13
14.40
18.13
15.75
Occupation2
Transportation and material moving occupations ..........
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers .............................
Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer .........................
Industrial truck and tractor operators ................................
Laborers and material movers, hand ................................
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers,
hand ........................................................................
Packers and packagers, hand ......................................
1 Percentiles designate position in the earnings distribution and are
calculated from individual-worker earnings and the hours they are
scheduled to work. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the hours
are paid the same as or more than the rate shown, and half are paid the
same as or less than the rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth
of the hours are paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the
75th percentile, one-fourth are paid the same as or more than the rate
shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. Hourly
wages are the straight-time wages or salaries paid to employees. They
include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay.
Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays;
nonproduction bonuses; and tips.
2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard
Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more
information.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not
meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data
for categories not shown separately
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
15
Table 7. Private industry workers: Hourly wage percentiles1, Reading, PA, January 2007
Occupation2
10
25
Median
50
75
90
All workers ..............................................................................
$7.70
$10.65
$15.00
$20.21
$29.18
Management occupations .................................................
Industrial production managers ........................................
22.09
11.06
28.09
11.06
35.21
34.44
53.39
43.71
80.73
78.61
Business and financial operations occupations .............
19.02
21.16
27.40
33.65
45.27
Computer and mathematical science occupations .........
Industrial engineers, including health and safety ..........
Industrial engineers ..................................................
20.30
23.06
23.06
23.09
28.38
28.38
25.10
36.93
36.93
34.14
39.03
39.03
36.78
44.64
44.64
Education, training, and library occupations ..................
Postsecondary teachers ...................................................
9.50
21.30
11.37
26.59
12.34
34.92
16.55
61.35
30.22
66.00
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations ........
17.28
21.09
23.24
24.45
32.61
Healthcare support occupations .......................................
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides ....................
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants ......................
Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations ................
10.35
10.51
10.25
8.06
11.17
10.77
10.51
11.67
11.48
11.48
11.00
13.13
12.84
11.48
11.78
14.95
14.95
12.24
13.34
15.50
Food preparation and serving related occupations ........
Food service, tipped .........................................................
Waiters and waitresses ................................................
Fast food and counter workers .........................................
Combined food preparation and serving workers,
including fast food ...................................................
2.83
2.83
2.83
6.00
2.85
2.83
2.83
7.00
7.08
2.83
2.83
7.25
9.50
3.25
3.25
9.50
13.64
6.41
3.25
10.52
6.35
7.14
7.35
9.53
10.52
6.89
6.25
8.75
7.39
11.50
9.60
15.25
11.50
20.19
12.05
8.00
9.00
11.25
11.50
15.33
Personal care and service occupations ...........................
6.50
8.00
8.94
11.00
21.46
Sales and related occupations ..........................................
Retail sales workers .........................................................
Cashiers, all workers ....................................................
Cashiers ...................................................................
Retail salespersons ......................................................
6.68
6.68
6.00
6.00
7.32
7.17
7.11
6.68
6.68
8.21
9.10
8.00
7.17
7.17
11.94
16.72
12.77
7.86
7.86
15.08
29.18
22.90
8.00
8.00
29.28
Office and administrative support occupations ..............
Financial clerks .................................................................
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks .............
Customer service representatives ....................................
Order clerks ......................................................................
Receptionists and information clerks ................................
Production, planning, and expediting clerks .....................
Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks ...............................
Stock clerks and order fillers ............................................
Secretaries and administrative assistants ........................
Executive secretaries and administrative assistants ....
Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive ........
Office clerks, general ........................................................
10.09
11.17
10.86
9.67
11.26
8.80
12.00
10.71
6.85
12.68
13.26
10.00
10.78
12.00
13.00
13.00
12.95
12.75
9.39
12.00
11.36
7.50
13.26
13.90
14.25
12.23
13.43
14.60
15.36
14.04
13.00
13.00
16.80
12.00
10.20
15.50
16.93
15.50
12.23
17.40
18.60
20.83
16.98
19.00
13.00
18.56
15.34
12.27
17.88
19.40
16.10
15.50
20.83
21.70
21.70
21.63
26.47
13.00
18.56
17.75
12.27
22.14
21.44
25.00
16.20
Construction and extraction occupations .......................
11.25
12.58
15.03
21.37
27.91
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations .........
Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance
workers .......................................................................
11.75
14.50
16.50
21.75
24.75
16.22
18.31
19.50
23.19
23.19
Production occupations ....................................................
First-line supervisors/managers of production and
operating workers .......................................................
Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical
assemblers .................................................................
Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers ..........
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators .......................
8.50
11.15
15.45
17.90
22.05
18.27
21.87
24.00
24.48
27.16
11.40
11.40
8.76
13.44
13.44
10.00
14.41
14.41
13.78
14.73
14.73
15.80
16.77
16.77
17.70
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance
occupations ..................................................................
Building cleaning workers .................................................
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and
housekeeping cleaners ...........................................
See footnotes at end of table.
16
Table 7. Private industry workers: Hourly wage percentiles1, Reading, PA, January 2007 — Continued
10
25
Median
50
75
90
$15.40
13.50
13.59
12.41
7.50
$15.40
13.82
16.25
16.25
8.50
$15.85
19.08
17.00
17.59
13.25
$19.29
22.05
19.75
19.75
17.50
$24.28
23.19
19.79
19.79
17.68
7.50
12.20
7.50
8.50
8.50
13.40
9.41
11.52
13.25
15.25
15.09
13.42
17.50
15.65
16.98
17.20
17.68
17.12
18.29
17.20
8.81
9.50
13.50
12.00
9.80
10.16
12.48
15.50
12.50
10.65
14.25
15.66
16.00
13.45
14.25
16.08
16.66
17.15
16.09
16.06
18.03
18.73
18.73
17.65
17.70
10.30
9.16
14.60
10.90
16.25
14.25
17.13
14.40
18.13
15.75
Occupation2
Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic ...........................................
Miscellaneous metalworkers and plastic workers .............
Printers .............................................................................
Printing machine operators ...........................................
Cutting workers .................................................................
Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and
tenders ....................................................................
Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders ......
Miscellaneous production workers ...................................
Helpers--production workers ........................................
Transportation and material moving occupations ..........
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers .............................
Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer .........................
Industrial truck and tractor operators ................................
Laborers and material movers, hand ................................
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers,
hand ........................................................................
Packers and packagers, hand ......................................
1 Percentiles designate position in the earnings distribution and are
calculated from individual-worker earnings and the hours they are
scheduled to work. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the hours
are paid the same as or more than the rate shown, and half are paid the
same as or less than the rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth
of the hours are paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the
75th percentile, one-fourth are paid the same as or more than the rate
shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. Hourly
wages are the straight-time wages or salaries paid to employees. They
include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay.
Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays;
nonproduction bonuses; and tips.
2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard
Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more
information.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not
meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data
for categories not shown separately
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
17
Table 8. State and local government workers: Hourly wage percentiles1, Reading, PA, January 2007
Occupation2
10
25
Median
50
75
90
All workers ..............................................................................
$11.50
$14.35
$21.63
$32.75
$45.28
Management occupations .................................................
20.77
21.81
24.64
36.05
51.60
Education, training, and library occupations ..................
Primary, secondary, and special education school
teachers ......................................................................
Elementary and middle school teachers .......................
Elementary school teachers, except special
education ............................................................
14.26
28.56
34.55
44.09
51.99
27.37
27.37
30.15
30.11
36.08
35.98
44.87
46.49
52.18
54.27
27.30
30.01
35.45
46.49
54.47
Protective service occupations .........................................
10.89
11.85
19.71
26.27
26.79
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance
occupations ..................................................................
9.30
11.25
14.29
16.75
17.82
Office and administrative support occupations ..............
12.65
15.34
16.81
18.31
21.21
1 Percentiles designate position in the earnings distribution and are
calculated from individual-worker earnings and the hours they are
scheduled to work. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the hours
are paid the same as or more than the rate shown, and half are paid the
same as or less than the rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth
of the hours are paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the
75th percentile, one-fourth are paid the same as or more than the rate
shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. Hourly
wages are the straight-time wages or salaries paid to employees. They
include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay.
Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays;
nonproduction bonuses; and tips.
2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard
Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more
information.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not
meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data
for categories not shown separately
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
18
Table 9. Full-time1 civilian workers: Hourly wage percentiles2, Reading, PA, January 2007
Full-time workers
Occupation3
10
25
Median
50
75
90
All workers ..............................................................................
$9.50
$12.20
$16.11
$22.74
$33.64
Management occupations .................................................
Industrial production managers ........................................
Education administrators ..................................................
21.81
11.06
22.37
27.55
11.06
24.92
33.97
34.44
36.05
51.60
43.71
51.60
78.61
78.61
51.60
Business and financial operations occupations .............
19.02
21.16
27.40
33.65
45.27
Computer and mathematical science occupations .........
Computer systems analysts .............................................
Industrial engineers, including health and safety ..........
Industrial engineers ..................................................
20.54
20.54
23.06
23.06
23.09
25.10
28.38
28.38
23.63
29.73
36.93
36.93
33.69
34.48
39.03
39.03
36.55
37.84
44.64
44.64
Community and social services occupations ..................
9.74
17.46
17.74
26.18
35.13
Education, training, and library occupations ..................
Postsecondary teachers ...................................................
Primary, secondary, and special education school
teachers ......................................................................
Elementary and middle school teachers .......................
Elementary school teachers, except special
education ............................................................
12.21
27.07
25.17
31.33
33.01
36.27
42.80
57.31
51.95
65.18
12.34
12.14
28.73
29.22
34.63
35.22
43.30
45.53
51.95
53.91
27.37
30.01
35.95
46.83
54.54
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations ........
Registered nurses ............................................................
16.51
14.00
19.95
23.67
21.63
27.90
25.76
29.24
34.67
67.98
Healthcare support occupations .......................................
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides ....................
10.51
10.51
11.48
11.33
11.67
11.48
13.13
11.97
14.95
13.34
Protective service occupations .........................................
11.79
12.70
20.15
26.27
29.33
Food preparation and serving related occupations ........
2.83
8.00
9.50
13.00
13.64
9.05
9.35
11.00
10.52
12.25
11.50
16.75
15.15
20.19
16.94
9.37
10.95
11.50
15.33
16.98
Sales and related occupations ..........................................
Retail sales workers .........................................................
Retail salespersons ......................................................
7.17
7.17
7.63
8.00
7.86
9.50
13.41
9.65
13.41
24.41
15.08
20.21
29.18
24.81
37.89
Office and administrative support occupations ..............
Financial clerks .................................................................
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks .............
Customer service representatives ....................................
Order clerks ......................................................................
Production, planning, and expediting clerks .....................
Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks ...............................
Secretaries and administrative assistants ........................
Executive secretaries and administrative assistants ....
Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive ........
Office clerks, general ........................................................
10.60
11.79
11.52
11.20
11.26
12.00
10.71
11.93
13.26
11.00
11.75
12.27
13.00
13.00
13.00
12.75
12.00
11.36
13.90
14.55
13.95
12.23
14.25
15.36
16.98
14.25
13.00
16.80
12.00
15.50
17.20
15.50
14.00
17.87
19.56
20.83
17.33
19.00
18.56
15.34
18.65
19.71
18.65
16.20
20.85
21.70
21.70
21.77
26.47
18.56
17.75
22.49
21.22
25.00
17.33
Construction and extraction occupations .......................
11.50
13.00
16.38
22.74
27.91
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations .........
Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance
workers .......................................................................
11.75
14.61
16.50
21.30
24.75
15.57
17.85
18.31
22.90
23.19
Production occupations ....................................................
First-line supervisors/managers of production and
operating workers .......................................................
Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical
assemblers .................................................................
Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers ..........
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators .......................
9.25
12.13
15.72
18.27
22.05
18.27
21.87
24.00
24.48
27.16
11.40
11.40
8.76
13.44
13.44
10.56
14.41
14.41
14.00
14.73
14.73
15.98
16.77
16.77
17.70
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance
occupations ..................................................................
Building cleaning workers .................................................
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and
housekeeping cleaners ...........................................
See footnotes at end of table.
19
Table 9. Full-time1 civilian workers: Hourly wage percentiles2, Reading, PA, January 2007 — Continued
Full-time workers
Occupation3
Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic ...........................................
Miscellaneous metalworkers and plastic workers .............
Printers .............................................................................
Printing machine operators ...........................................
Cutting workers .................................................................
Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and
tenders ....................................................................
Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders ......
Miscellaneous production workers ...................................
Helpers--production workers ........................................
Transportation and material moving occupations ..........
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers .............................
Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer .........................
Industrial truck and tractor operators ................................
Laborers and material movers, hand ................................
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers,
hand ........................................................................
10
25
Median
50
75
90
$15.40
13.50
13.59
12.41
7.50
$15.40
13.82
16.25
16.25
8.50
$15.85
19.08
17.00
17.59
13.25
$19.29
22.05
19.75
19.75
17.50
$24.28
23.19
19.79
19.79
17.68
7.50
12.20
7.50
8.50
8.50
13.40
9.41
11.52
13.25
15.25
15.09
13.42
17.50
15.65
16.98
17.20
17.68
17.12
18.29
17.20
9.00
9.50
13.50
12.00
9.95
10.33
12.51
15.50
12.50
10.81
14.25
15.66
16.00
13.45
14.25
16.12
16.72
17.15
16.09
16.22
18.03
18.73
18.73
17.65
18.03
12.15
14.60
16.25
18.03
18.13
1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time
schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore,
a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a
full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in
another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
2 Percentiles designate position in the earnings distribution and are
calculated from individual-worker earnings and the hours they are
scheduled to work. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the hours
are paid the same as or more than the rate shown, and half are paid the
same as or less than the rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth
of the hours are paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the
75th percentile, one-fourth are paid the same as or more than the rate
shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. Hourly
wages are the straight-time wages or salaries paid to employees. They
include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay.
Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays;
nonproduction bonuses; and tips.
3 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard
Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more
information.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not
meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data
for categories not shown separately
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
20
Table 10. Part-time1 civilian workers: Hourly wage percentiles2, Reading, PA, January 2007
Part-time workers
Occupation3
10
25
Median
50
75
90
All workers ..............................................................................
$3.25
$6.50
$7.80
$10.71
$21.72
Education, training, and library occupations ..................
9.50
9.50
11.15
12.52
28.71
Healthcare support occupations .......................................
7.50
8.06
11.02
11.90
12.50
Food preparation and serving related occupations ........
Food service, tipped .........................................................
Waiters and waitresses ................................................
Fast food and counter workers .........................................
2.83
2.83
2.83
6.00
2.83
2.83
2.83
6.35
5.48
2.85
2.83
7.14
8.00
3.25
3.25
7.14
10.00
10.00
9.75
10.62
Personal care and service occupations ...........................
6.25
6.70
8.00
9.00
11.00
Sales and related occupations ..........................................
Retail sales workers .........................................................
Cashiers, all workers ....................................................
Cashiers ...................................................................
6.00
6.00
5.50
5.50
6.68
6.50
6.25
6.25
7.00
7.00
6.68
6.68
8.00
8.00
7.35
7.35
9.50
9.25
7.73
7.73
Office and administrative support occupations ..............
7.13
8.80
10.50
13.03
18.64
1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time
schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore,
a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a
full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in
another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
2 Percentiles designate position in the earnings distribution and are
calculated from individual-worker earnings and the hours they are
scheduled to work. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the hours
are paid the same as or more than the rate shown, and half are paid the
same as or less than the rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth
of the hours are paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the
75th percentile, one-fourth are paid the same as or more than the rate
shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. Hourly
wages are the straight-time wages or salaries paid to employees. They
include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay.
Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays;
nonproduction bonuses; and tips.
3 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard
Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more
information.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not
meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data
for categories not shown separately
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
21
Table 11. Full-time1 civilian workers: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual earnings and mean weekly and
annual hours, Reading, PA, January 2007
Hourly earnings3
Weekly earnings4
Occupation2
Annual earnings5
Mean
weekly
hours
Mean
Median
Mean
annual
hours
$646
39.8
$39,016
$33,622
2,023
1,648
1,509
1,580
1,359
1,378
1,442
40.6
40.0
39.3
85,681
78,465
82,184
70,649
71,639
74,986
2,109
2,080
2,043
27.40
1,162
1,067
40.3
60,447
55,494
2,098
Mean
Median
Mean
Median
All workers ................................................
$19.29
$16.11
$769
Management occupations ...................
Industrial production managers ..........
Education administrators ....................
40.62
37.72
40.24
33.97
34.44
36.05
Business and financial operations
occupations ....................................
28.82
Computer and mathematical science
occupations ....................................
Computer systems analysts ...............
Industrial engineers, including
health and safety ......................
Industrial engineers ....................
26.95
29.55
23.63
29.73
1,069
1,159
945
1,152
39.6
39.2
55,578
60,310
49,148
59,904
2,062
2,041
34.59
34.59
36.93
36.93
1,383
1,383
1,477
1,477
40.0
40.0
71,942
71,942
76,812
76,812
2,080
2,080
Community and social services
occupations ....................................
21.53
17.74
848
710
39.4
43,418
36,901
2,017
33.27
41.26
33.01
36.27
1,208
1,580
1,181
1,365
36.3
38.3
46,237
62,223
45,143
55,867
1,390
1,508
35.16
34.63
1,256
1,238
35.7
47,242
46,043
1,344
35.81
35.22
1,255
1,207
35.1
47,199
45,619
1,318
37.56
35.95
1,317
1,261
35.1
49,276
46,948
1,312
24.16
30.68
21.63
27.90
932
1,166
840
1,116
38.6
38.0
47,710
55,872
42,973
57,658
1,975
1,821
Education, training, and library
occupations ....................................
Postsecondary teachers .....................
Primary, secondary, and special
education school teachers ............
Elementary and middle school
teachers ....................................
Elementary school teachers,
except special education ......
Healthcare practitioner and technical
occupations ....................................
Registered nurses ..............................
Healthcare support occupations .........
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health
aides .............................................
12.37
11.67
474
459
38.3
24,657
23,885
1,993
11.78
11.48
464
459
39.4
24,119
23,885
2,047
Protective service occupations ...........
19.91
20.15
788
788
39.6
40,978
41,001
2,058
Food preparation and serving related
occupations ....................................
9.39
9.50
362
380
38.6
18,845
19,760
2,007
Building and grounds cleaning and
maintenance occupations .............
Building cleaning workers ...................
Janitors and cleaners, except
maids and housekeeping
cleaners ....................................
13.80
12.49
12.25
11.50
555
498
484
460
40.2
39.9
27,823
25,891
23,920
23,920
2,016
2,073
12.70
11.50
506
460
39.9
26,328
23,920
2,072
Sales and related occupations ............
Retail sales workers ...........................
Retail salespersons ........................
17.57
14.77
17.65
13.41
9.65
13.41
689
570
715
536
361
536
39.2
38.6
40.5
35,845
29,620
37,188
27,891
18,772
27,891
2,040
2,005
2,107
15.19
16.22
14.25
15.36
600
647
556
590
39.5
39.9
31,035
33,653
28,912
30,664
2,044
2,075
16.58
15.39
16.09
16.98
14.25
13.00
661
613
668
637
567
520
39.8
39.8
41.5
34,351
31,852
34,727
33,117
29,483
27,040
2,071
2,069
2,158
16.27
16.80
669
672
41.1
34,782
34,944
2,138
13.40
12.00
536
480
40.0
27,869
24,960
2,080
Office and administrative support
occupations ....................................
Financial clerks ...................................
Bookkeeping, accounting, and
auditing clerks ...........................
Customer service representatives ......
Order clerks ........................................
Production, planning, and expediting
clerks ............................................
Shipping, receiving, and traffic
clerks ............................................
See footnotes at end of table.
22
Table 11. Full-time1 civilian workers: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual earnings and mean weekly and
annual hours, Reading, PA, January 2007 — Continued
Hourly earnings3
Weekly earnings4
Occupation2
Secretaries and administrative
assistants ......................................
Executive secretaries and
administrative assistants ..........
Secretaries, except legal, medical,
and executive ...........................
Office clerks, general ..........................
Construction and extraction
occupations ....................................
Installation, maintenance, and repair
occupations ....................................
Industrial machinery installation,
repair, and maintenance
workers .........................................
Production occupations ......................
First-line supervisors/managers of
production and operating
workers .........................................
Electrical, electronics, and
electromechanical assemblers .....
Electrical and electronic equipment
assemblers ...............................
Miscellaneous assemblers and
fabricators .....................................
Molders and molding machine setters,
operators, and tenders, metal and
plastic ...........................................
Miscellaneous metalworkers and
plastic workers ..............................
Printers ...............................................
Printing machine operators .............
Cutting workers ...................................
Cutting and slicing machine setters,
operators, and tenders .............
Packaging and filling machine
operators and tenders ..................
Miscellaneous production workers .....
Helpers--production workers ..........
Transportation and material moving
occupations ....................................
Driver/sales workers and truck
drivers ...........................................
Truck drivers, heavy and
tractor-trailer .............................
Industrial truck and tractor operators ..
Laborers and material movers, hand ..
Laborers and freight, stock, and
material movers, hand ..............
Annual earnings5
Mean
weekly
hours
Mean
Median
Mean
annual
hours
$620
38.2
$32,858
$32,240
1,988
685
677
38.9
35,634
35,219
2,020
15.50
14.00
607
522
570
528
37.9
37.1
31,576
27,141
29,640
27,437
1,969
1,931
17.51
16.38
690
650
39.4
35,898
33,800
2,050
19.10
16.50
770
660
40.3
40,057
34,320
2,097
20.05
18.31
802
732
40.0
41,708
38,081
2,080
15.79
15.72
631
628
40.0
32,838
32,656
2,079
23.52
24.00
990
1,080
42.1
51,487
56,167
2,189
14.58
14.41
583
576
40.0
30,331
29,973
2,080
14.58
14.41
583
576
40.0
30,331
29,973
2,080
13.53
14.00
541
560
40.0
28,139
29,120
2,080
17.81
15.85
713
634
40.0
37,055
32,968
2,080
18.27
17.46
17.54
13.14
19.08
17.00
17.59
13.25
731
698
702
526
763
680
704
530
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
38,004
36,317
36,491
27,337
39,682
35,360
36,587
27,560
2,080
2,080
2,080
2,080
13.14
13.25
526
530
40.0
27,337
27,560
2,080
14.72
13.53
13.51
15.25
15.09
13.42
589
541
540
610
604
537
40.0
40.0
40.0
30,627
28,137
28,104
31,720
31,387
27,914
2,080
2,080
2,080
13.59
14.25
582
570
42.8
30,087
29,640
2,213
14.93
15.66
657
682
44.0
34,149
35,464
2,288
16.27
14.14
13.77
16.00
13.45
14.25
744
566
554
749
538
570
45.7
40.0
40.3
38,688
29,409
28,832
38,958
27,976
29,640
2,377
2,080
2,093
15.59
16.25
624
650
40.0
32,424
33,800
2,080
Mean
Median
Mean
Median
$16.53
$15.50
$632
17.64
17.20
16.04
14.06
1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time
schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a
worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time
employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm,
where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard
Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more
information.
3 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to
employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and
hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays,
nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay
of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See
appendix A for more information.
4 Mean weekly earnings are the straight-time weekly wages or salaries
paid to employees. Median weekly earnings designates position - one-half of
the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean weekly
hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a week, exclusive of
overtime.
5 Mean annual earnings are the straight-time annual wages or salaries
paid to employees. Median annual earnings designates position - one-half of
the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean annual
hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a year, exclusive of
overtime.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet
publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data for
categories not shown separately
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
23
Table 12. Full-time1 private industry workers: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual earnings and mean
weekly and annual hours, Reading, PA, January 2007
Hourly earnings3
Weekly earnings4
Occupation2
Annual earnings5
Mean
weekly
hours
Mean
Median
Mean
annual
hours
$630
40.2
$38,361
$32,562
2,078
1,725
1,509
1,408
1,378
40.8
40.0
89,687
78,465
73,231
71,639
2,121
2,080
27.40
1,162
1,067
40.3
60,447
55,494
2,098
Mean
Median
Mean
Median
All workers ................................................
$18.46
$15.76
$743
Management occupations ...................
Industrial production managers ..........
42.28
37.72
35.21
34.44
Business and financial operations
occupations ....................................
28.82
Computer and mathematical science
occupations ....................................
Industrial engineers, including
health and safety ......................
Industrial engineers ....................
27.47
25.10
1,094
1,004
39.8
56,900
52,202
2,071
34.59
34.59
36.93
36.93
1,383
1,383
1,477
1,477
40.0
40.0
71,942
71,942
76,812
76,812
2,080
2,080
Education, training, and library
occupations
Postsecondary teachers ...............
41.48
35.41
1,659
1,416
40.0
63,261
59,506
1,525
Healthcare practitioner and technical
occupations ....................................
24.83
21.92
968
845
39.0
50,353
43,930
2,028
Healthcare support occupations .........
12.20
11.48
466
459
38.2
24,219
23,885
1,986
Food preparation and serving related
occupations ....................................
9.17
9.24
355
360
38.7
18,457
18,743
2,012
Building and grounds cleaning and
maintenance occupations .............
Building cleaning workers ...................
Janitors and cleaners, except
maids and housekeeping
cleaners ....................................
13.50
11.41
12.25
11.50
546
457
460
460
40.4
40.0
27,083
23,739
23,920
23,920
2,006
2,080
11.61
11.50
464
460
40.0
24,143
23,920
2,080
Sales and related occupations ............
Retail sales workers ...........................
Retail salespersons ........................
17.57
14.77
17.65
13.41
9.65
13.41
689
570
715
536
361
536
39.2
38.6
40.5
35,845
29,620
37,188
27,891
18,772
27,891
2,040
2,005
2,107
15.08
16.22
14.00
15.36
600
647
546
590
39.8
39.9
31,015
33,653
28,289
30,664
2,057
2,075
16.58
15.39
16.09
16.98
14.25
13.00
661
613
668
637
567
520
39.8
39.8
41.5
34,351
31,852
34,727
33,117
29,483
27,040
2,071
2,069
2,158
16.27
16.80
669
672
41.1
34,782
34,944
2,138
13.40
12.00
536
480
40.0
27,869
24,960
2,080
16.35
15.50
638
620
39.0
33,182
32,240
2,030
17.25
16.93
689
677
39.9
35,811
35,219
2,076
15.98
13.23
15.50
12.23
616
500
570
489
38.6
37.8
32,052
25,980
29,640
25,432
2,006
1,963
17.34
15.00
685
580
39.5
35,605
30,160
2,053
19.26
16.50
778
660
40.4
40,451
34,320
2,100
20.78
19.50
831
780
40.0
43,232
40,560
2,080
Office and administrative support
occupations ....................................
Financial clerks ...................................
Bookkeeping, accounting, and
auditing clerks ...........................
Customer service representatives ......
Order clerks ........................................
Production, planning, and expediting
clerks ............................................
Shipping, receiving, and traffic
clerks ............................................
Secretaries and administrative
assistants ......................................
Executive secretaries and
administrative assistants ..........
Secretaries, except legal, medical,
and executive ...........................
Office clerks, general ..........................
Construction and extraction
occupations ....................................
Installation, maintenance, and repair
occupations ....................................
Industrial machinery installation,
repair, and maintenance
workers .........................................
See footnotes at end of table.
24
Table 12. Full-time1 private industry workers: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual earnings and mean
weekly and annual hours, Reading, PA, January 2007 — Continued
Hourly earnings3
Weekly earnings4
Occupation2
Production occupations ......................
First-line supervisors/managers of
production and operating
workers .........................................
Electrical, electronics, and
electromechanical assemblers .....
Electrical and electronic equipment
assemblers ...............................
Miscellaneous assemblers and
fabricators .....................................
Molders and molding machine setters,
operators, and tenders, metal and
plastic ...........................................
Miscellaneous metalworkers and
plastic workers ..............................
Printers ...............................................
Printing machine operators .............
Cutting workers ...................................
Cutting and slicing machine setters,
operators, and tenders .............
Packaging and filling machine
operators and tenders ..................
Miscellaneous production workers .....
Helpers--production workers ..........
Transportation and material moving
occupations ....................................
Driver/sales workers and truck
drivers ...........................................
Truck drivers, heavy and
tractor-trailer .............................
Industrial truck and tractor operators ..
Laborers and material movers, hand ..
Laborers and freight, stock, and
material movers, hand ..............
Annual earnings5
Mean
weekly
hours
Mean
Median
Mean
annual
hours
$628
40.0
$32,838
$32,656
2,079
990
1,080
42.1
51,487
56,167
2,189
14.41
583
576
40.0
30,331
29,973
2,080
14.58
14.41
583
576
40.0
30,331
29,973
2,080
13.53
14.00
541
560
40.0
28,139
29,120
2,080
17.81
15.85
713
634
40.0
37,055
32,968
2,080
18.27
17.46
17.54
13.14
19.08
17.00
17.59
13.25
731
698
702
526
763
680
704
530
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
38,004
36,317
36,491
27,337
39,682
35,360
36,587
27,560
2,080
2,080
2,080
2,080
13.14
13.25
526
530
40.0
27,337
27,560
2,080
14.72
13.53
13.51
15.25
15.09
13.42
589
541
540
610
604
537
40.0
40.0
40.0
30,627
28,137
28,104
31,720
31,387
27,914
2,080
2,080
2,080
13.59
14.25
586
572
43.1
30,455
29,765
2,240
14.93
15.66
657
682
44.0
34,149
35,464
2,288
16.27
14.14
13.77
16.00
13.45
14.25
744
566
554
749
538
570
45.7
40.0
40.3
38,688
29,409
28,832
38,958
27,976
29,640
2,377
2,080
2,093
15.59
16.25
624
650
40.0
32,424
33,800
2,080
Mean
Median
Mean
Median
$15.79
$15.72
$631
23.52
24.00
14.58
1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time
schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a
worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time
employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm,
where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard
Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more
information.
3 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to
employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and
hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays,
nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay
of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See
appendix A for more information.
4 Mean weekly earnings are the straight-time weekly wages or salaries
paid to employees. Median weekly earnings designates position - one-half of
the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean weekly
hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a week, exclusive of
overtime.
5 Mean annual earnings are the straight-time annual wages or salaries
paid to employees. Median annual earnings designates position - one-half of
the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean annual
hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a year, exclusive of
overtime.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet
publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data for
categories not shown separately
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
25
Table 13. Full-time1 State and local government workers: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual earnings
and mean weekly and annual hours, Reading, PA, January 2007
Hourly earnings3
Weekly earnings4
Occupation2
Annual earnings5
Mean
weekly
hours
Mean
Median
Mean
annual
hours
$831
37.1
$43,215
$41,240
1,667
1,301
1,264
35.6
49,140
47,630
1,346
36.08
1,333
1,292
35.3
49,827
48,063
1,320
37.94
36.08
1,316
1,261
34.7
49,237
46,918
1,298
37.56
35.95
1,317
1,261
35.1
49,276
46,948
1,312
Protective service occupations ...........
19.30
20.45
760
818
39.4
39,557
42,526
2,049
Office and administrative support
occupations ....................................
16.73
16.81
602
607
36.0
31,304
31,541
1,872
All workers ................................................
Education, training, and library
occupations ....................................
Primary, secondary, and special
education school teachers ............
Elementary and middle school
teachers ....................................
Elementary school teachers,
except special education ......
Mean
Median
Mean
Median
$25.93
$22.49
$961
36.50
35.63
37.74
1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time
schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a
worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time
employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm,
where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard
Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more
information.
3 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to
employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and
hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays,
nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay
of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See
appendix A for more information.
4 Mean weekly earnings are the straight-time weekly wages or salaries
paid to employees. Median weekly earnings designates position - one-half of
the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean weekly
hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a week, exclusive of
overtime.
5 Mean annual earnings are the straight-time annual wages or salaries
paid to employees. Median annual earnings designates position - one-half of
the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean annual
hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a year, exclusive of
overtime.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet
publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data for
categories not shown separately
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
26
Table 14. Size of establishment: Mean hourly earnings1 of private industry establishments
for major occupational groups, Reading, PA, January 2007
Occupational group2
Total
1-99
workers
100-499
workers
500
workers
or more
All workers ....................................................................
$17.25
$16.61
$17.44
$18.98
Management, professional, and related .....................
Management, business, and financial ....................
Professional and related .........................................
Service ........................................................................
Sales and office ..........................................................
Sales and related ....................................................
Office and administrative support ...........................
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ....
Construction and extraction ...................................
Installation, maintenance, and repair ......................
Production, transportation, and material moving ........
Production ..............................................................
Transportation and material moving .......................
29.75
34.16
26.03
10.32
14.45
13.98
14.73
18.31
17.38
19.26
14.49
15.39
13.48
31.04
35.58
27.58
9.46
14.63
14.50
14.75
18.23
17.67
19.14
12.62
13.17
12.28
27.64
30.10
24.14
12.37
13.25
9.43
14.73
16.52
–
18.25
14.88
15.52
13.11
30.25
44.27
24.74
–
16.52
–
14.68
–
–
–
16.53
17.22
15.70
Relative error3 (percent)
All workers ....................................................................
3.7
5.9
5.7
4.3
Management, professional, and related .....................
Management, business, and financial ....................
Professional and related .........................................
Service ........................................................................
Sales and office ..........................................................
Sales and related ....................................................
Office and administrative support ...........................
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ....
Construction and extraction ...................................
Installation, maintenance, and repair ......................
Production, transportation, and material moving ........
Production ..............................................................
Transportation and material moving .......................
4.8
7.2
8.8
7.2
3.9
12.4
2.5
8.6
2.8
12.8
3.5
1.4
6.1
7.6
10.8
13.8
9.5
5.1
12.1
5.2
10.3
2.7
17.2
7.7
12.1
9.8
7.9
6.7
11.2
14.7
8.5
6.8
4.1
6.2
–
2.0
6.5
4.0
10.7
5.4
7.7
3.3
–
6.7
–
6.2
–
–
–
6.4
9.5
2.9
1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries
paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living
adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for
overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and
tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers
and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours.
See appendix A for more information.
2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000
Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See
appendix B for more information.
3 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error
expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to
calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate.
For more information about RSEs, see appendix A.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that
data did not meet publication criteria.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation
Survey.
27
Table 15. Establishments with fewer than 100 workers: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual earnings and mean
weekly and annual hours for full-time1 private industry workers, Reading, PA, January 2007
Hourly earnings3
Weekly earnings4
Occupation2
Annual earnings5
Mean
weekly
hours
Mean
Median
Mean
annual
hours
$603
40.5
$38,382
$31,200
2,089
1,857
1,322
42.3
96,569
68,752
2,200
30.58
1,298
1,180
41.1
67,520
61,360
2,139
9.15
9.01
353
360
38.6
18,361
18,743
2,007
Sales and related occupations ................................
Retail sales workers ...............................................
Retail salespersons ............................................
18.15
16.12
21.36
15.08
12.50
15.08
708
615
870
603
438
603
39.0
38.2
40.7
36,816
31,994
45,237
31,368
22,750
31,368
2,029
1,985
2,118
Office and administrative support occupations ....
Secretaries and administrative assistants ..............
15.50
16.00
13.50
15.50
612
615
528
620
39.5
38.5
31,486
31,999
27,352
32,240
2,031
2,000
Construction and extraction occupations .............
17.64
16.82
696
673
39.4
36,169
34,975
2,050
Installation, maintenance, and repair
occupations ........................................................
19.14
16.30
775
652
40.5
40,301
33,904
2,106
Production occupations ..........................................
14.12
13.91
560
556
39.7
29,144
28,933
2,065
Transportation and material moving
occupations ........................................................
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers ...................
Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer ...............
12.44
14.44
15.92
11.33
15.62
15.81
577
646
752
519
626
784
46.4
44.7
47.2
29,991
33,602
39,110
26,964
32,562
40,742
2,412
2,326
2,456
Mean
Median
Mean
Median
All workers ....................................................................
$18.37
$15.32
$744
Management occupations .......................................
43.90
31.22
Business and financial operations occupations ...
31.57
Food preparation and serving related
occupations ........................................................
1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule
based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a
35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one
establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is
the minimum full-time schedule.
2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational
Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information.
3 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees.
They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are
premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The
mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of
workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information.
4 Mean weekly earnings are the straight-time weekly wages or salaries paid to
employees. Median weekly earnings designates position - one-half of the hours are
paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean weekly hours are the hours an
employee is scheduled to work in a week, exclusive of overtime.
5 Mean annual earnings are the straight-time annual wages or salaries paid to
employees. Median annual earnings designates position - one-half of the hours are
paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean annual hours are the hours an
employee is scheduled to work in a year, exclusive of overtime.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet
publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data for categories not
shown separately
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
28
Table 16. Establishments with 100 workers or more: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual earnings and mean
weekly and annual hours for full-time1 private industry workers, Reading, PA, January 2007
Hourly earnings3
Weekly earnings4
Occupation2
Annual earnings5
Mean
weekly
hours
Mean
Median
Mean
annual
hours
$642
39.9
$38,338
$33,405
2,066
1,650
1,502
39.9
85,803
78,121
2,077
24.52
1,026
960
39.6
53,337
49,942
2,057
27.44
25.10
1,093
1,004
39.8
56,829
52,202
2,071
Architecture and engineering occupations ...........
Engineers ...............................................................
Industrial engineers, including health and
safety ............................................................
Industrial engineers ........................................
30.82
34.57
33.58
35.88
1,233
1,383
1,343
1,435
40.0
40.0
64,106
71,911
69,842
74,620
2,080
2,080
34.59
34.59
36.93
36.93
1,383
1,383
1,477
1,477
40.0
40.0
71,942
71,942
76,812
76,812
2,080
2,080
Education, training, and library occupations ........
26.56
11.51
1,062
460
40.0
46,097
42,712
1,736
Healthcare practitioner and technical
occupations ........................................................
23.08
21.12
923
845
40.0
47,996
43,930
2,080
Healthcare support occupations .............................
12.11
11.78
474
471
39.2
24,668
24,502
2,037
Mean
Median
Mean
Median
All workers ....................................................................
$18.56
$16.20
$741
Management occupations .......................................
41.31
37.56
Business and financial operations occupations ...
25.93
Computer and mathematical science
occupations ........................................................
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance
occupations ........................................................
Building cleaning workers .......................................
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and
housekeeping cleaners .................................
11.51
11.36
10.17
10.12
459
454
407
405
39.9
40.0
23,890
23,626
21,154
21,050
2,076
2,080
11.69
10.17
468
407
40.0
24,318
21,154
2,080
Sales and related occupations ................................
15.61
10.50
625
420
40.0
32,475
21,840
2,080
Office and administrative support occupations ....
Financial clerks .......................................................
Customer service representatives ..........................
Production, planning, and expediting clerks ...........
Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks .....................
Secretaries and administrative assistants ..............
14.73
15.05
15.29
16.27
12.61
16.87
14.25
14.47
15.06
16.80
11.87
14.25
589
599
607
669
504
674
570
579
596
672
475
570
40.0
39.8
39.7
41.1
40.0
39.9
30,608
31,141
31,565
34,782
26,219
35,042
29,640
30,093
30,993
34,944
24,690
29,640
2,078
2,069
2,065
2,138
2,080
2,077
19.68
18.31
787
732
40.0
40,941
38,081
2,080
19.93
18.95
797
758
40.0
41,453
39,416
2,080
16.40
15.85
658
634
40.1
34,197
32,968
2,085
14.58
14.41
583
576
40.0
30,331
29,973
2,080
14.58
13.01
14.41
13.00
583
520
576
520
40.0
40.0
30,331
27,057
29,973
27,040
2,080
2,080
17.81
15.85
713
634
40.0
37,055
32,968
2,080
14.72
14.05
15.25
15.24
589
562
610
610
40.0
40.0
30,627
29,228
31,720
31,699
2,080
2,080
Installation, maintenance, and repair
occupations ........................................................
Industrial machinery installation, repair, and
maintenance workers .......................................
Production occupations ..........................................
Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical
assemblers .......................................................
Electrical and electronic equipment
assemblers ...................................................
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators .............
Molders and molding machine setters, operators,
and tenders, metal and plastic ..........................
Packaging and filling machine operators and
tenders ..............................................................
Miscellaneous production workers .........................
See footnotes at end of table.
29
Table 16. Establishments with 100 workers or more: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual earnings and mean
weekly and annual hours for full-time1 private industry workers, Reading, PA, January 2007 — Continued
Hourly earnings3
Weekly earnings4
Occupation2
Helpers--production workers ..............................
Transportation and material moving
occupations ........................................................
Laborers and material movers, hand ......................
Laborers and freight, stock, and material
movers, hand ................................................
Mean
weekly
hours
Mean
Median
Mean
annual
hours
$603
40.0
$30,143
$31,366
2,080
594
571
588
584
40.0
40.0
30,889
29,673
30,597
30,368
2,080
2,080
624
650
40.0
32,424
33,800
2,080
Mean
Median
Mean
Median
$14.49
$15.08
$580
14.85
14.27
14.71
14.60
15.59
16.25
1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule
based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a
35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one
establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is
the minimum full-time schedule.
2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational
Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information.
3 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees.
They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are
premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The
mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of
workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information.
4 Mean weekly earnings are the straight-time weekly wages or salaries paid to
Annual earnings5
employees. Median weekly earnings designates position - one-half of the hours are
paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean weekly hours are the hours an
employee is scheduled to work in a week, exclusive of overtime.
5 Mean annual earnings are the straight-time annual wages or salaries paid to
employees. Median annual earnings designates position - one-half of the hours are
paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean annual hours are the hours an
employee is scheduled to work in a year, exclusive of overtime.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet
publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data for categories not
shown separately
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
30
Table 17. Union1 and nonunion workers: Mean hourly earnings2 for major occupational groups, Reading, PA,
January 2007
Union
Nonunion
Civilian
workers
Private
industry
workers
State and
local
government
workers
Civilian
workers
Private
industry
workers
State and
local
government
workers
All workers ....................................................................
$21.87
$16.00
$25.80
$17.39
$17.34
$20.04
Management, professional, and related .....................
Management, business, and financial ....................
Professional and related .........................................
Service ........................................................................
Sales and office ..........................................................
Sales and related ....................................................
Office and administrative support ...........................
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ....
Construction and extraction ...................................
Installation, maintenance, and repair ......................
Production, transportation, and material moving ........
Production ..............................................................
Transportation and material moving .......................
31.17
–
31.70
15.75
16.87
–
16.87
18.83
21.02
–
15.85
15.32
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
20.02
–
–
15.85
15.32
–
32.93
–
33.65
15.93
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
30.22
34.41
26.39
10.26
14.45
13.98
14.73
18.21
16.94
19.31
14.16
15.41
12.98
30.22
34.16
26.69
10.29
14.42
13.98
14.69
18.24
16.97
19.35
14.17
15.41
12.97
30.26
–
–
9.04
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Occupational group3
Relative error4 (percent)
All workers ....................................................................
3.1
4.3
1.4
3.9
4.0
5.6
Management, professional, and related .....................
Management, business, and financial ....................
Professional and related .........................................
Service ........................................................................
Sales and office ..........................................................
Sales and related ....................................................
Office and administrative support ...........................
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ....
Construction and extraction ...................................
Installation, maintenance, and repair ......................
Production, transportation, and material moving ........
Production ..............................................................
Transportation and material moving .......................
4.9
–
4.8
14.0
4.7
–
4.7
9.5
8.5
–
4.4
5.7
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
13.2
–
–
4.4
5.7
–
3.3
–
2.5
14.7
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
4.4
7.0
8.5
7.1
3.9
12.4
2.6
8.2
5.4
12.8
4.2
2.2
6.3
4.6
7.2
8.3
7.3
3.9
12.4
2.6
8.3
5.4
13.0
4.3
2.2
6.4
5.3
–
–
6.4
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1 Union workers are those whose wages are determined through
collective bargaining.
2 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to
employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and
hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays,
nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay
of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See
appendix A for more information.
3 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard
Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more
information.
4 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a
percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval"
around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix
A.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet
publication criteria.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
31
Table 18. Time and incentive workers1: Mean hourly earnings2 for major occupational
groups, Reading, PA, January 2007
Time
Occupational group3
Incentive
Civilian
workers
Private
industry
workers
Civilian
workers
Private
industry
workers
All workers ....................................................................
$17.78
$16.87
$21.10
$21.10
Management, professional, and related .....................
Management, business, and financial ....................
Professional and related .........................................
Service ........................................................................
Sales and office ..........................................................
Sales and related ....................................................
Office and administrative support ...........................
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ....
Construction and extraction ...................................
Installation, maintenance, and repair ......................
Production, transportation, and material moving ........
Production ..............................................................
Transportation and material moving .......................
30.23
33.58
28.37
11.17
13.11
9.88
14.53
17.26
–
17.44
14.86
15.55
13.84
29.44
33.73
26.10
10.32
12.94
9.88
14.38
17.24
17.38
17.51
14.87
15.55
13.84
–
–
–
–
24.20
25.57
20.48
–
–
–
12.25
–
–
–
–
–
–
24.22
25.57
20.51
–
–
–
12.25
–
–
Relative error4 (percent)
All workers ....................................................................
3.1
3.7
16.5
16.6
Management, professional, and related .....................
Management, business, and financial ....................
Professional and related .........................................
Service ........................................................................
Sales and office ..........................................................
Sales and related ....................................................
Office and administrative support ...........................
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ....
Construction and extraction ...................................
Installation, maintenance, and repair ......................
Production, transportation, and material moving ........
Production ..............................................................
Transportation and material moving .......................
4.3
8.4
5.3
6.8
2.9
7.1
2.4
3.6
–
6.0
2.2
1.6
3.2
5.7
9.1
8.8
7.2
3.0
7.1
2.5
3.8
2.8
6.4
2.3
1.6
3.2
–
–
–
–
11.2
13.6
10.8
–
–
–
14.6
–
–
–
–
–
–
11.2
13.6
10.9
–
–
–
14.6
–
–
1 Wages of time workers are based solely on hourly rate
or salary. Incentive workers are those whose wages are at
least partially based on productivity payments such as piece
rates, commissions, and production bonuses.
2 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries
paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living
adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for
overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and
tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers
and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours.
See appendix A for more information.
3 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000
Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See
appendix B for more information.
4 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error
expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to
calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate.
For more information about RSEs, see appendix A.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that
data did not meet publication criteria.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation
Survey.
32
Table 19. Industry sector1: Mean hourly earnings2 for private industry workers by major occupational group, Reading, PA,
January 2007
Goods producing
Occupational group3
All workers ................................................
Management, professional, and
related ...............................................
Management, business, and
financial ........................................
Professional and related .....................
Service ....................................................
Sales and office ......................................
Sales and related ................................
Office and administrative support .......
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance .....................................
Installation, maintenance, and repair ..
Production, transportation, and material
moving ..............................................
Production ..........................................
Transportation and material moving ...
Service providing
Construction
Manufacturing
Trade,
transportation,
and utilities
Information
Financial
activities
Professional and
business
services
Education
and
health
services
Leisure
and
hospitality
Other
services
–
$18.14
$16.56
–
–
$20.51
–
–
$13.01
–
31.34
44.41
–
–
31.80
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
34.30
27.02
–
17.28
–
17.02
48.68
–
13.97
13.74
14.02
13.23
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15.90
–
15.78
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
20.37
20.51
14.47
13.87
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15.37
15.84
14.24
14.57
–
14.89
–
–
–
–
–
–
11.14
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Relative error4 (percent)
All workers ................................................
Management, professional, and
related ...............................................
Management, business, and
financial ........................................
Professional and related .....................
Service ....................................................
Sales and office ......................................
Sales and related ................................
Office and administrative support .......
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance .....................................
Installation, maintenance, and repair ..
Production, transportation, and material
moving ..............................................
Production ..........................................
Transportation and material moving ...
–
2.8
5.1
–
–
10.5
–
–
18.8
–
9.2
18.2
–
–
8.5
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
11.9
4.1
–
1.5
–
.3
34.4
–
19.8
8.7
14.4
6.1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
4.4
–
4.3
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1.8
2.1
5.2
4.6
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1.2
.0
3.1
7.0
–
6.8
–
–
–
–
–
–
9.0
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1 Industry sectors are determined by the 2002 North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS).
2 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They
include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are
premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The
mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of
workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information.
3 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational
Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information.
4 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of
the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample
estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication
criteria.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
33
Appendix A: Technical Note
T
Sample design
The sample for this survey area was selected using a twostage stratified design with probability proportional to employment sampling at each stage. The first stage of sample
selection was a probability sample of establishments. The
sample of establishments was drawn by first stratifying the
sampling frame by industry and ownership. The number of
sample establishments allocated to each stratum is approximately proportional to the stratum employment. Each
sampled establishment is selected within a stratum with a
probability proportional to its employment. Use of this
technique means that the larger an establishment’s employment, the greater its chance of selection. Weights were
applied to each establishment when the data were tabulated
so that it represents similar units (by industry and employment size) in the economy that were not selected for collection. The second stage of sample selection, detailed below,
was a probability sample of occupations within a sampled
establishment.
his section provides basic information on the procedures and concepts used to produce the data contained
in this bulletin. It is divided into three parts: Planning for
the survey; data collection; and processing and analyzing
the data. Although this section answers some questions
commonly asked by data users, it is not a comprehensive
description of all of the steps required to produce the data.
Planning for the survey
The overall design of the National Compensation Survey
(NCS) includes questions of scope, frame, and sample selection.
Survey scope
This survey covered establishments employing one worker
or more in private goods-producing industries (mining,
construction, and manufacturing); private service-providing
industries (trade, transportation, and utilities, information,
financial activities, professional and business services, education and health services, leisure and hospitality, and other
services); State governments; and local governments. Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, private households,
and the Federal Government were excluded from the scope
of the survey. For purposes of this survey, an establishment is an economic unit that produces goods or services, a
central administrative office, or an auxiliary unit providing
support services to a company. For private industries in
this survey, the establishment is usually at a single physical
location. For State and local governments, an establishment
is defined as all locations of a government agency within
the sampled area.
The statistical area covered by this survey is defined by
the U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB) as of
December 2003. The Reading, PA, Metropolitan Statistical Area consists of Berks County, PA.
Data collection
The collection of data from survey respondents required
detailed procedures. Field economists collected the data,
working out of the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ (BLS) Regional Offices and visiting each establishment surveyed.
Other contact methods, such as mail and telephone, were
used to clarify and update data.
Occupational selection and classification
Identification of the occupations for which wage data were
to be collected was a multistep process:
1. Probability-proportional-to-size selection of establishment jobs
2. Classification of jobs into occupations based on the
2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC)
system
3. Characterization of jobs as full-time versus parttime, union versus nonunion, and time versus incentive
4. Determination of the level of work of each job
Sampling frame
The list of establishments from which the survey sample
was selected (sampling frame) was developed from State
unemployment insurance reports. Due to the volatility of
industries within the private sector, sampling frames were
developed using the most recent month of reference available at the time the sample was selected. Approximately
one-fifth of the sample is reselected each year.
For each occupation, wage data were collected for those
workers whose jobs could be characterized by the criteria
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identified in the last three steps. If a specific work level
could not be determined, wages were still collected.
In step one, the jobs to be sampled were selected at each
establishment by the BLS field economist. A complete list
of employees was used for sampling, with each selected
worker representing a job within the establishment.
As with the selection of establishments, the selection of
a job was based on probability proportional to its size in
the establishment. The greater the number of people working in a job in the establishment, the greater its chance of
selection.
The number of jobs for which data were collected in
each establishment was based on the establishment’s employment size. The number of jobs selected followed this
schedule:
Number
of employees
Number
of selected jobs
1–49
50–249
250 or more
Up to 4
6
8
The second step of the process entailed classifying the
selected jobs into occupations based on their duties. NCS
uses the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC)
system. A selected job may fall into any one of about 800
occupational classifications, from accountant to zoologist.
When workers could be classified in more than one occupation, they were classified in the occupation that required the
higher skill level. When there was no perceptible difference in skill level, the workers were classified in the occupation that described their primary activity.
Each occupational classification is an element of a
broader classification known as a major group. Occupations can fall into any of 22 major groups. Appendix B
contains a complete list of all individual occupations, classified by the major group to which they belong.
In step three, certain other job characteristics of the
chosen worker were identified. First, the worker was identified as holding either a full-time or part-time job, based
on the establishment’s definition of those terms. Then, the
worker was classified as having a time versus incentive job,
depending on whether any part of pay was directly based
on the actual production of the worker, rather than solely
on hours worked. Finally, the worker was identified as being in a union job or a nonunion job. See the “Definition of
terms” section on the following page for more detail.
Occupational leveling
In the last step before wage data were collected, the work
level of each selected job was determined using a “point
factor leveling” process. Point factor leveling matches certain aspects of a job to specific levels of work with assigned point values. Points for each factor are then totaled
to determine the overall work level for the job.
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The NCS program is in the process of converting from a
nine-factor to a four-factor occupational leveling system.
The conversion is being phased in via annual NCS sample
replenishment groups and will require several years for full
implementation. The four occupational leveling factors
are:
•
•
•
•
Knowledge
Job controls and complexity
Contacts (nature and purpose)
Physical environment
Each factor consists of several levels, and each level has
an associated description and assigned points. A knowledge guide for 24 families of closely related occupations
contains short definitions of the point levels of knowledge
expected for the occupations and presents relevant examples. The other three factors use identical descriptions for
all occupational categories and contain a definition of each
point level within each factor.
The description within each factor best matching the job
is chosen. The point levels within each factor are designed
to describe the thresholds of distinct levels of work. When
a job does not meet the full description of a point level, the
next lowest point level is used. Points for the four factors
are totaled to determine the overall work level. NCS publishes data for up to 15 work levels.
Most supervisory occupations are evaluated based on
their duties and responsibilities. A modified approach is
used for professional and administrative supervisors when
they direct professional work and are paid primarily to supervise. Such supervisory occupations are leveled based
on the work level of the highest position reporting to them.
For a complete description of point factor leveling, refer
to the publication “National Compensation Survey: Guide
for Evaluating Your Firm’s Jobs and Pay,” available at the
BLS National Compensation Survey Internet site at
http://www.bls.gov/ncs/ocs/sp/ncbr0004.pdf.
Combined work levels
This bulletin includes a table which simplifies the presentation of work levels by combining them into four broad
groups. The groups were determined by combinations of
knowledge, job controls and complexity, contacts, physical
environment, and supervisory duties, and are meant to be
comparable across different occupations. The broad
groups and the combined work levels are:
Group
designation
Levels
combined
Group I
Group II
Group III
Group IV
Levels 1–4
Levels 5–8
Levels 9–12
Levels 13–15
Collection period
Survey data were collected over a 13-month period for 60
metropolitan areas in the NCS program. For 20 small metropolitan areas, data were collected over a 4-month period.
For each establishment in the survey, the data reflect the establishment’s most recent information at the time of collection. The payroll reference month shown in the tables reflects the average date of this information for all sample
units.
Time-based worker. Any employee whose earnings are
solely tied to an hourly rate or salary.
Earnings
Earnings were defined as regular payments from the employer to the employee as compensation for straight-time
hourly work, or for any salaried work performed. The following components were included as part of earnings:
Union worker. Any employee is in a union occupation
when all of the following conditions are met:
•
•
•
•
•
Incentive pay, including commissions, production
bonuses, and piece rates
Cost-of-living allowances
Hazard pay
Payments of income deferred due to participation
in a salary reduction plan
Deadhead pay, defined as pay given to transportation workers returning in a vehicle without freight
or passengers
The following forms of payments were not considered
part of straight-time earnings:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Shift differentials, defined as extra payment for
working a schedule that varies from the norm, such
as night or weekend work
Premium pay for overtime, holidays, and weekends
Bonuses not directly tied to production (such as
Christmas and profit-sharing bonuses)
Uniform and tool allowances
Free or subsidized room and board
Payments made by third parties (for example, tips)
On-call pay
To calculate earnings for various periods (hourly,
weekly, and annual), data on work schedules also were collected. For hourly workers, scheduled hours worked per
day and per week, exclusive of overtime, were recorded.
Annual weeks worked were determined. Because salaried
workers who are exempt from overtime provisions often
work beyond the assigned work schedule, their typical
number of hours actually worked was collected.
Definition of terms
Full-time worker. Any employee whom the employer considers to be full time.
Part-time worker. Any employee whom the employer considers to be part time.
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Incentive worker. Any employee whose earnings are tied,
at least in part, to commissions, piece rates, production bonuses, or other incentives based on production or sales.
Nonunion worker. An employee in an occupation not
meeting the conditions for union coverage.
•
•
•
A labor organization is recognized as the bargaining agent for all workers in the occupation
Wage and salary rates are determined through collective bargaining or negotiations
Settlement terms, which must include earnings provisions and may include benefit provisions, are embodied in a signed, mutually binding collective bargaining agreement
Level. A ranking within an occupation based on the requirements of the position.
Processing and analyzing the data
Data were processed and analyzed at the BLS National Office following collection.
Weighting and nonresponse
Sample weights were calculated for each establishment and
occupation in the survey. These weights reflected the relative size of the occupation within the establishment and of
the establishment within the sample universe. Weights
were used to aggregate data for the individual establishments or occupations into the various data series. Some of
the establishments surveyed could not supply or refused to
supply information. If data were not provided by a sample
member during the initial interview, the weights of responding sample members in the same or similar “cells”
were adjusted to account for the missing data. This technique assumes that the mean value of data for the nonrespondents equals the mean value of data for the respondents at some detailed “cell” level. Responding and
nonresponding establishments were classified into these
cells according to industry and employment size. Responding and nonresponding occupations within responding establishments were classified into cells that were additionally defined by major occupation group.
If average hourly earnings data were not provided by a
sample member during the update interview, then missing
average hourly earnings were imputed by multiplying prior
average hourly earnings by the rate of change in the average hourly earnings of respondents. The regression model
that takes into account available establishment characteris-
tics is used to derive the rate of change in the average
hourly earnings.
Establishments that were determined to be out of business or outside the scope of the survey had their weights
changed to zero.
Estimation
The wage series in the tables are computed by combining
the wages for each sampled occupation. Before being
combined, individual wage rates are weighted by the number of workers; the sample weight, adjusted for nonresponding establishments and other factors; and the occupation’s scheduled hours of work. The sample weight reflects
the inverse of each unit’s probability of selection at each
sample selection stage and four weight adjustment factors.
The first factor adjusts for establishment nonresponse and
the second factor adjusts for occupational nonresponse.
The third factor adjusts for any special situations that may
have occurred during data collection. The fourth factor,
post-stratification, also called benchmarking, is introduced
to adjust estimated employment totals to the current counts
of employment by industry. The latest available employment counts were used to derive average hourly earnings in
this publication.
Not all calculated series met the criteria for publication.
Before any series was published, it was reviewed to make
sure that the number of observations underlying it was sufficient. This review prevented the publication of a series
that could have revealed information about a specific establishment.
Estimates of the number of workers represent the total
in all establishments within the scope of the study, and not
the number actually surveyed. Because occupational structures among establishments differ, estimates of the number
of workers obtained from the sample of establishments
serve to indicate only the relative importance of the occupational groups studied.
Percentiles
The percentiles presented in tables 6 through 10 are computed using earnings reported for individual workers in
sampled establishment jobs and their scheduled hours of
work. Establishments in the survey may report only individual-worker earnings for each sampled job. For the calculation of percentile estimates, the individual-worker
hourly earnings are appropriately weighted and then arrayed from lowest to highest.
The published 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position in the earnings distribution within
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each published occupation. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the
rate shown, and half are paid the same as or less than the
rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of the hours
are paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the
75th percentile, one-fourth are paid the same as or more
than the rate shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow
the same logic.
Data reliability
The data in this bulletin are estimates from a scientifically
selected probability sample. There are two types of errors
possible in an estimate based on a sample survey, sampling
and nonsampling.
Sampling errors occur because observations come only
from a sample and not from an entire population. The
sample used for this survey is one of a number of possible
samples of the same size that could have been selected using the sample design. Estimates derived from the different
samples would differ from each other.
A measure of the variation among these differing estimates is called the standard error or sampling error. It indicates the precision with which an estimate from a particular sample approximates the average result of all possible
samples. The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard
error divided by the estimate. RSE data are provided
alongside the earnings data in the bulletin tables.
The standard error can be used to calculate a “confidence interval” around a sample estimate. As an example,
suppose a table shows that mean hourly earnings for all
workers were $17.75, with a relative standard error of 1.0
percent for this estimate. At the 90-percent level, the confidence interval for this estimate is from $17.46 to $18.04
($17.75 minus and plus $0.29, where $0.29 is the product
of 1.645 times 1.0 percent times $17.75). If all possible
samples were selected to estimate the population value, the
interval from each sample would include the true population value approximately 90 percent of the time.
Nonsampling errors also affect survey results. They
can stem from many sources, such as inability to obtain information for some establishments, difficulties with survey
definitions, inability of the respondents to provide correct
information, or mistakes in recording or coding the data obtained. Although they were not specifically measured, the
nonsampling errors were expected to be minimal due to the
extensive training of the field economists who gathered the
survey data, computer edits of the data, and detailed data
review.
Appendix table 1. Number of workers1 represented by the survey, Reading, PA,
January 2007
Civilian
workers
Occupational group2
Private
industry
workers
State and
local
government
workers
All workers ....................................................................
168,500
147,300
21,100
Management, professional, and related .....................
Management, business, and financial ....................
Professional and related .........................................
Service ........................................................................
Sales and office ..........................................................
Sales and related ....................................................
Office and administrative support ...........................
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ....
Construction and extraction ...................................
Installation, maintenance, and repair ......................
Production, transportation, and material moving ........
Production ..............................................................
Transportation and material moving .......................
40,500
13,000
27,500
34,100
45,400
17,300
28,100
14,400
5,500
8,300
34,100
18,700
15,400
28,500
11,700
16,800
28,500
43,300
17,300
26,000
13,300
4,900
7,800
33,800
18,700
15,100
12,000
1,200
10,700
5,600
2,100
–
2,100
1,100
–
–
–
–
–
1 The number of workers represented by the
survey are rounded to the nearest 100. Estimates of
the number of workers provide a description of size
and composition of the labor force included in the
survey. Estimates are not intended, however, for
comparison to other statistical series to measure
employment trends or levels.
2 Workers are classified by occupation using the
2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC)
system. See appendix B for more information.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or
that data did not meet publication criteria.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National
Compensation Survey.
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Appendix table 2. Survey establishment response, Reading, PA, January 2007
Establishments
Total
Private
industry
State and
local
government
Total in sampling frame1 ................................................
8,271
7,996
275
Total in sample ...............................................................
Responding ............................................................
Refused or unable to provide data .........................
Out of business or not in survey scope ..................
235
137
61
37
221
123
61
37
14
14
0
0
1 The list of establishments from which the
survey sample was selected (sampling frame) was
developed from State unemployment insurance
reports and is based on the 2002 North American
Industry Classification System (NAICS). For private
industries, an establishment is usually a single
physical location. For State and local governments,
an establishment is defined as all locations of a
government entity.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or
that data did not meet publication criteria.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National
Compensation Survey.
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2008