PAPER 10
HISTORICAL TRIPOS PART I
BRITISH ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL HISTORY, 1700-1880
THE READING LIST
2016-2017
This document introduces you to Paper 10, covering the economic, social and cultural
history of Britain from 1700 to 1880. It contains an overview of the paper, an outline of the
core lectures, a list of recent general surveys of the period, and, most important, 26 topics
with relevant reading. These topics are the basis for setting questions in Tripos. Of
course, no one student will cover all the topics or all the reading. Your supervisor will
guide you in deciding on eight topics and choosing the reading you will do as the basis for
your essays.
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THE TOPICS
Agricultural change
The nature of industrial change
The commercial economy
Consumption and material culture
The nature of work
The standard of living, 1700-1880
The state and the economy
Population growth, 1700-1880: fertility and nuptiality
Mortality, medicine and public health, 1700-1880
Gender and 18th-century society
Gender and 19th-century society
The language and organisation of the social order in the long 18th century
The language and organisation of the social order in the 19th century
Poverty and policy
Law, crime and punishment in the 18th century
Crime and policing in the 19th century
Popular disturbances from moral economy to Chartism
Towns and urban culture in the 18th century
Towns and urban culture in the 19th century
Religion, belief and unbelief in the 18th and 19th centuries
Manners, sensibility and humanitarianism
Literacy, schooling, print
Popular cultures and customs
Polite culture in the 18th century
High culture in the 19th century
Nationality, ethnicity and empire
Revised 27th September 2016
2
WHAT IS PAPER 10 ABOUT?
In the two centuries covered by this paper, Britain's economy, society, and culture changed
dramatically. There were many continuities, of course; even the 'revolutionary' nature of the
'industrial revolution' is nowadays contested. Even so, the impact of new wealth and goods, and of
new patterns of work and urban living, was certainly greater than in any previous period of British
history, and this impact was socially and culturally transformative. This paper introduces you both
to the economic processes which effected this change and to the ways in which Britons of diverse
ranks experienced and thought about their unstable world and behaved within it.
As the reading list shows, the themes from which you may choose your eight essay topics are
diverse. You will not be able to cover all the themes or all the chronology. Guided by your
supervisor, you will have to make choices. Some of you will choose to sample economic, social
and cultural themes broadly though always over a period, within the years covered by the paper, of
not less than a hundred years. In your preparation for the Tripos exam, you should definitely
consult exams from previous years, where, among other things, you will discover that, when you
are asked to address broad thematic questions relevant to the entire paper, you are often allowed
to restrict your response to a limited period (of fifty, seventy-five or one hundred years, depending
on the question).
Others may wish to specialise on economic or demographic history, say. In this case, you may
study how changes in demography, in agriculture and trade, in labour and capital supply, and in
consumption and demand underpinned economic growth in the eighteenth and early nineteenth
centuries. Or you may study changes in the distribution of wealth and living standards, the
changing role of the state, and the supposed 'retardation' of the economy towards the end of the
period.
Others may prefer to focus on some of the social and cultural adaptations which characterised the
period. You may study shifts in the manners and sensibilities of affluent or upwardly mobile
classes, for example, or the problems of poverty, the growth of literacy among the poor and of
educational provision at all levels, or the distance and overlap between elite and popular cultures.
You may explore how art and literature commented on the dynamism and perils of this rapidly
evolving society, or how national and ethnic identities took shape, or how gender roles and sexual
relationships changed, or how the conflicts between 'haves' and 'have-nots' were accommodated
or contained. The histories of class consciousness, riot, and crime are on offer here.
Note, however, that the distinctions between 'economic', 'social' and 'cultural' history are artificial.
For example, you cannot understand demographic history without a knowledge of sexual and
gender relations, and vice versa; family history was shaped by economic change, and vice versa.
Equally you cannot understand the cultural of consumption without some knowledge of the
patterns of what people of different social classes or gender history without some knowledge of
how patterns of female employment did or did not change.
As you can see, the paper is studied thematically rather than chronologically, so you may find it
helpful to complete work on the parallel 'political' paper (Paper 5) first. This is not essential,
however. In the long run, both papers will intermesh to give you a richly patterned view of the
period.
You expected to attend a sensible selection of the 'outline' and 'thematic' lectures listed below.
The outline lectures are the core offerings. These are continued across both Michaelmas and Lent
terms, but, even if you are taking the paper in Lent, you should attend the relevant lectures in
Michaelmas by way of preparation for your later work. The 'thematic' lectures allow you to go into
greater depth on certain topics. Many of the topics on this paper, especially those on economic
history will you into contact with quantitative history, something many undergraduates find
daunting. Many of you have not previously studied economic history and because of its economic
and quantitative content may find it daunting. For this reason, we recommend you attend the
lectures on Economics for Historians in Michaelmas on and Understanding Quantitative History’in
Lent which are designed to ease the path of those with no previous background in economic
history who may find either the economic content, or the quantification (or both), daunting. Both
sets of lectures may also prove useful for HAP.
GENERAL SURVEYS
3
These works are general guides to the period, which should be consulted routinely.
Smout, T.C., A history of the Scottish people, 1560-1830 (1969)
Porter, R., 18th-century England (1982, 1990)
Smout, T.C., A century of the Scottish people 1830-1950 (1986)
Thompson, F.M.L., The rise of respectable society: the social history of Victorian Britain 18301900 (1988)
Langford, P., A polite and commercial people: England 1727-1783 (1989)
Thompson, F.M.L. (ed.), The Cambridge social history of Britain (1990), 3 vols
Rule, J., The vital century: England's developing economy 1714-1815 (1992)
Rule, J., Albion's people: English society 1714-1815 (1992)
O'Brien, P., and Quinault, R. (eds.), The industrial revolution and British society (1993)
Floud, R. and McCloskey, D. (eds.), The economic history of Britain since 1700, 2nd ed (1994), vol
1
Daunton, M.J., Progress and poverty: an economic and social history of Britain 1700-1850 (1995)
Hay, D., and Rogers, N., 18th-century English society (1997)
O'Gorman, F., The long 18th century (1997)
Price, R., British society 1680-1880 (1999)
Hoppit, J., A land of liberty?: England 1689-1727 (2000)
Whatley, C.A., Scottish society 1707-1830 (2000)
Floud, R. and Johnson, P. (eds.),The Cambridge economic history of modern Britain, 3rd ed (2004),
vol 1
Hilton, B., A mad, bad, & dangerous people? England 1783-1846 (2006)
Boyd, K. and McWilliams, R. (eds.), The Victorian studies reader (2007)
Daunton, M.J., Wealth and welfare: an economic and social history of Britain 1851-1951 (2007)
Hewitt, M., The Victorian world (2012)
Griffin, E., Liberty’s dawn: a people’s history of the industrial revolution (2013)
Floud, R., Johnson, P., and Humphries, J. (eds.), The Cambridge economic history of modern
Britain, 4th ed (2014), vol 1
Vernon, J., Distant Strangers: How Britain Became Modern (2014)
In addition:
Unpublished papers of the ‘Occupational Structure of Britain’ project at the Cambridge Group for
the History of Population and Social Structure’ may be useful for many of the economic topics.
See http://www.geog.cam.ac.uk/research/centres/campop/hpss/occupations/.
ABBREVIATIONS IN THE READING LISTS
JOURNAL TITLES
AgricHR
AHR
BJECS
BH
C&C
EconHR
ECS
EHR
Ex Econ His
HJ
HR
HWJ
IRSH
JBS
JEconH
JECS
JFH
Agricultural History Review
American Historical Review
British Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies
Business History
Continuity and Change
Economic History Review
Eighteenth-Century Studies
English Historical Review
Explorations in Economic History
Historical Journal
Historical Research
History Workshop Journal
International Review of Social History
Journal of British Studies
Journal of Economic History
Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies
Journal of Family History
JIH
JMH
JSH
JHI
JVC
SH
P&P
TRHS
VS
Journal of Interdisciplinary History
Journal of Modern History
Journal of Social History
Journal of the History of Ideas
Journal of Victorian Culture
Social History
Past and Present
Transactions of the Royal Historical Society
Victorian Studies
4
KEY REFERENCE WORKS
Thompson, CSHB
vols
Floud/McCloskey,
EHB
Floud/Johnson,
CEHMB (2004)
5
F.M.L. Thompson (ed.), The Cambridge social history of Britain (1990), 3
Floud, R., and McCloskey, D. (eds.), The economic history of Britain since
1700, 2nd ed (1994), vol 1
Floud, R. and Johnson, P. (eds.), The Cambridge economic history of
Modern Britain, 3rd ed (2004), vol 1
Floud/Johnson/Humphries
CEHMB (2014)
Floud, R., Johnson, P., and Humphries, J. (eds.), The Cambridge economic
history of modern Britain, 4th ed (2014), vol 1
Note that while the most recent edition of the Cambridge Economic History of Modern Britain will
contain the most up-to-date discussion of, and references to the secondary literature, the most
recent edition does not always contain the best general treatment of a particular topic. Also, some
topics, covered in one volume are not covered in a subsequent volume. For instance, there is no
full chapter on population history in the 4th edition. It is for these reasons that three editions are
listed here
OTHER ABBREVIATIONS AND SIGNS
*
books and articles of particular importance
ch
chapter
ed
edition or editor
esp
especially
intro
introduction
conc
conclusion
pt
part
vol
volume
NOTE
Under each topic or subtopic titles are in chronological order of publication (rather than
alphabetical order of author). One aim of this organization is to remind students that the
historiography develops over time, with later works responding to earlier ones. This
organization will help conceptualize how the understanding of historical problems has
evolved.
1. AGRICULTURAL CHANGE
6
Including: the timing and nature of the 'agricultural revolution'; changes in output and
productivity; the timing, nature and consequences of enclosure; the changing character
of rural society. For rural society, see also Topics 12 and 13 ('The language and
organisation of the social order').
OUTPUT AND PRODUCTIVITY: THE ‘AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION’
Hunt, E.H., ‘Labour productivity in English agriculture, 1850-1914’, EcHR 20 (1967)
*Thompson, F.M.L., ‘The second agricultural revolution, 1815-80’, EcHR 21 (1968)
O’Brien, P. K., ‘Agriculture and the home market for English industry, 1660-1820’, EHR 100 (1985)
*Wrigley, E.A., ‘Urban growth and agricultural change: England and the continent in the early
modern period’, JIH 15 (1985); also in People, cities and wealth (1987)
Clark, G., ‘Labour productivity in English agriculture, 1300-1860’, in B. Campbell and M. Overton
(eds.), Land, labour and livestock: historical studies in European agricultural productivity (1991)
* Glennie, P., 'Measuring crop yields in early modern England' in B. Campbell and M. Overton
(eds.), Land, labour and livestock: historical studies in European agricultural productivity (1991)
Shiel, R.S., ‘Improving soil productivity in the pre-fertiliser era' in B. Campbell and M. Overton
(eds.), Land, labour and livestock: historical studies in European agricultural productivity (1991)
*Allen, R.C., Enclosure and the yeoman: the agricultural development of the South Midlands,
1450-1850 (1992)
*Overton, M. and Campbell, B., ‘A new perspective on medieval and early modern agriculture: six
centuries of Norfolk farming, 1250-1850”, P&P 141 (1993)
O’Brien, P.K., ‘Path dependency, or why Britain became an industrialised and urban economy long
before France’, EcHR 49 (1996)
Overton, M., Agricultural revolution in England, (1996), esp chs 3, 4
*Overton, M., ‘Re-establishing the English agricultural revolution’, AgricHR 44 (1996)
*Allen, R.C. 'Tracking the agricultural revolution in England', EcHR 52 (1999)
Turner, M.E., Beckett, J.V. and Afton, B., Farm production in England 1700-1914 (2001)
Floud/Johnson, CEHMB (2004), I, ch 4
Floud/Johnson, CEHMB (2004), II, ch 6
Wrigley, E. A., ‘The transition to an advanced organic economy: half a millennium of English
agriculture’, EcHR, 59 (2006), pp. 435-80.
Allen, R. C., The British industrial revolution in global perspective (2009), ch. 3.
Burnette, J., ‘Agriculture, 1700-1870’, in Floud/Johnson/Humphries CEHMB (2014), ch 3
ENCLOSURE
Turner, M.E., English parliamentary enclosure (1980)
*Wordie, J.R., ‘The chronology of English enclosures, 1500-1914’, EcHR 36 (1983)
*Humphries, J., ‘Enclosure, common rights and women: the proletarianisation of families in the late
18th and early 19th centuries’, JEcH 50 (1990)
King, P., ‘Customary rights and women’s earnings: the importance of gleaning to the rural
labouring poor’, EcHR 44 (1991)
Thompson, E.P., Customs in common (1991)
Allen, R.C., Enclosure and the yeoman: the agricultural development of the South Midlands, 14501850 (1992)
*Neeson, J.M., Commoners: common rights, enclosure and social change in England, 1700-1820
(1993)
*Shaw-Taylor, L., 'Labourers, cows, common rights and parliamentary enclosure: the evidence of
contemporary comment c.1760-1810', P&P 171 (2001)
AGRARIAN SOCIETY
*Dunbabin, J.P.D., ‘The revolt of the fields: the agricultural labourers’ movement in the 1870s’,
P&P 26 (1963)
*Thompson, F.M.L., English landed society in the 19th century (1963)
Clay, C.G.A., ‘Marriage, inheritance and the rise of large estates in England, 1660-1815’, EcHR 21
(1968)
Dunbabin, J.P.D., Rural discontent in 19th-century Britain (1974)
7
Brenner, R., ‘Agrarian class structure and economic development in pre-industrial Europe’, P&P
70 (1976)
*Bonfield, L., ‘Marriage settlements and the ‘rise of the great estates’: the demographic aspect’,
EcHR 32 (1979)
Kussmaul, A., Servants in husbandry in early modern England (1981)
Rubinstein, W.D., ‘New men of wealth and the purchase of land in 19th-century England’, P&P 92
(1981)
*Snell, K.D.M., Annals of the labouring poor: social change and agrarian England, 1660-1900
(1985)
*Wrigley, E.A., ‘Men on the land: employment in agriculture in early 19th-century England’, in
L.Bonfield et al. (eds.), The world we have gained (1986); also in Wrigley, E.A., Poverty,
progress, and population (2004), pp. 87-128.
*Beckett, J.V., ‘The pattern of landownership in England and Wales, 1660-1880’, EcHR 41 (1988)
Devine, T., ‘Social responses to agrarian ‘improvement’: the highland and lowland clearances in
Scotland’, in R.A. Houston and I.D .Whyte (eds.), Scottish society 1500-1800 (1989)
Gregson, N., ‘Tawney revisited: custom and the emergence of capitalist class relations in northeast Cumbria, 1600-1830’, EcHR 42 (1989)
Hoyle, R.W., ‘Tenure and the land market in early modern England’, EcHR 43 (1990)
*Kussmaul, A., A general view of the rural economy of England, 1538-1840 (1990)
Thompson, F.M.L., ‘Life after death: how successful 19th-century businessmen disposed of their
fortunes’, EcHR 43 (1990)
Howkins, A., Reshaping rural England: a social history 1850-1925 (1991)
Offer, A., 'Farm tenure and land values in England c.1750-1950', EcHR 44 (1991)
Verdon, N., Rural women workers in 19th century England (2002)
*Shaw-Taylor, L., ‘The rise of agrarian capitalism and the decline of family farming in England’,
EcHR 65, I., (2012) pp. 26-60
Roberts, M.J.D., 'Gladstonian Liberalism and Environment Protection, 1865-76', EHR 531 (2013)
2. THE NATURE OF INDUSTRIAL CHANGE
8
Including: the status of 'Industrial Revolution' as interpretive model; the factors that
facilitated and impeded industrial development; the contributions of demand and supply;
the measurement of growth; the roles of technology and of the entrepreneur; the forms
of innovation; the question of proto-industrialisation; economic regionalism; changing
forms of energy.
GENERAL WORKS AND INTERPRETATIONS
Floud/Johnson, CEHMB (1994), chs 1,2,5,14,15,16
Cannadine, D., ‘The present and the past in the English Industrial Revolution 1880-1980’, P&P 103
(1984)
*Hoppit, J., ‘Understanding the industrial revolution’, HJ 30 (1987)
Wrigley, E.A., People, cities and wealth (1987)
*Wrigley, E.A., Continuity, chance and change: the character of the industrial revolution in England
(1988)
*Berg, M. and Hudson, P., ‘Rehabilitating the industrial revolution’, EcHR 45 (1992)
Coleman, C., Myth, history, and the Industrial Revolution, (1992)
Hudson, P., The industrial revolution (1992)
*De Vries, J., ‘The industrial revolution and the industrious revolution’, JEcH 54 (1994)
Wrigley, E.A., ‘The divergence of England: the growth of the English economy in the 17th and 18th
centuries’, TRHS, 6th series, 10 (2000)
Inikori, J.E., Africans and the industrial revolution in England (2002)
Wrigley, E. A., Poverty, progress, and population (2004), esp. chs 1, 2, 3
*De Vries, J., The industrious revolution (2008)
Griffin, E., A short history of the British industrial revolution (2010)
*Allen R.C., The British Industrial Revolution in global perspective (2009)
Allen, R., ‘The high wage economy and the Industrial Revolution: a restatement’, Oxford Economic
and Social History Working Papers 115 (2013) [http://www.economics.ox.ac.uk/OxfordEconomic-and-Social-History-Working-Papers/the-high-wage-economy-and-the-industrialrevolution-a-restatement]
*Broadberry, S., Campbell, B, and van Leeuwen, B., ‘When did Britain industrialise? The sectoral
distribution of the labour force and labour productivity in Britain, 1381-1851’, Ex Econ His 50
(2013)
A ’Hearn, B., The British Industrial Revolution in a European Mirror’ in Floud/Johnson/Humphries
CEHMB (2014), ch 1
*Shaw-Taylor, L., and Wrigley, E. A., ‘Occupational structure and population change’ in
Floud/Johnson/Humphries CEHMB (2014), ch 2
MEASURING GROWTH
Harley, C.K., ‘British industrialization before 1841: evidence of slower growth during the industrial
revolution’, JEconH 42 (1982)
*Crafts, N.F.R., ‘British economic growth 1700-1831: a review of the evidence’, EcHR 36 (1983)
*Williamson, J. G., ‘Why was British growth so slow during the industrial revolution?’, JEcH 44
(1984)
*Crafts, N.F.R., British economic growth during the industrial revolution (1985)
Heim, C. and Mirowski, P., ‘Interest rates and crowding out during Britain’s industrial rev’, JEcH 57
(1987)
*Mokyr, J., ‘Has the industrial revolution been crowded out? Some reflections on Crafts and
Williamson’, Ex Econ His 24 (1987)
*Hoppit, J., ‘Counting the industrial revolution’, EcHR 43 (1990)
Crafts, N.F.R. and Harley, C.K., ‘Output growth and the British industrial revolution: a restatement
of the Crafts-Harley view’, EcHR 45 (1992)
*Broadberry, S., Campbell, B.M.S., Klein, A., Overton, M., van Leeuwen. B.,British economic
growth 1270-1870 (2015). Esp. chapters 10 and 11.
ENERGY
Musson, A.E., ‘Industrial motive power in the United Kingdom, 1800-70’, EcHR 29 (1976)
9
*Samuel, R., ‘Workshop of the world: steam power and hand technology in mid-Victorian Britain,’
HWJ 3 (1977)
*von Tunzelmann, G.N., Steam power and British industrialisation to 1860 (1978)
Kanefsky, J., ‘Motive power in British industry’, EcHR 32 (1979)
*Allen, R.C., The British industrial revolution in global perspective (2009)
*Wrigley, E. A., Energy and the English Industrial Revolution (2010).
Humphries, J., ‘The lure of the aggregates and the pitfalls of the patriarchal perspective: a critique
of the high wage economy interpretation of the British industrial revolution’, EcHR 66 (2013)
PROTO-INDUSTRIALIZATION AND REGIONAL PERSPECTIVES
.
*Hudson, P., ‘Proto-industrialisation: the case of the West Riding wool textile industry in the 18th
and early 19th centuries’, HWJ 12 (1981)
*Coleman, D.C. ‘Proto-industrialization: A concept too many?’, Economic History Review (1983)
*Houston, R. and Snell, K.D.M., ‘Proto-industrialisation? Cottage industry, social change and
industrial revolution’, HJ 27 (1984)
*Langton, P., ‘The industrial revolution and the regional geography of England’, Transactions of the
Institute of British Geographers ns 9 (1984)
Berg, M., The age of manufactures 1700-1820: industry, innovation and work in Britain(1985)
Clarkson, L., Protoindustrialisation: the first phase of industrialisation? (1985)
Hudson, P. The genesis of industrial capital: the West Riding wool textile industry, c1750-1850
(1986)
Hudson, P. (ed.), Regions and industries: a perspective on the industrial revolution in Britain
(1989)
Whatley, C.A., The industrial revolution in Scotland (1997)
Shaw-Taylor, L., ‘Diverse experiences: The geography of adult female employment in England and
the 1851 census’ in Goose, N., (ed.) Women in industrialising England (2007).
Goose, N., ‘Regions 1700-1870’ in Floud/Johnson/Humphries CEHMB (2014), ch 5
CULTURES OF INDUSTRY AND ENTERPRISE
Mathias, P., The brewing industry in England, 1700-1830 (1959)
Musson, A.E. and Robinson, E., ‘Science and industry in the late 18th century’, EcHR 13 (1960-1)
Flinn, M.W., Men of iron: the Crowleys in the early iron industry (1962)
Gatrell, V.A.C., ‘Labour, power, and the size of firms in Lancashire cotton in the second quarter of
the 19th century’, EcHR 30 (1977)
Hyde, C.K., Technological change and the British iron industry, 1700-1870 (1977)
McCloskey, D.N., Enterprise and trade in Victorian Britain (1981)
Crouzet, F., The Victorian economy (1982)
Honeyman, K., Origins of enterprise: business leadership in the industrial revolution (1982)
Berg, M. et al. (eds.), Manufacture in town and country before the factory (1983)
Dutton, H., The patent system and inventive activity during the industrial revolution, 1750-1852
(1984)
Crouzet, F., The first industrialists: the problems of origins (1985)
Coleman, D. and MacLeod, C., ‘Attitudes to new techniques: British businessmen, 1800-1950’,
EcHR 39 (1986)
Jones, S.R.H., ‘Technology, transaction costs and the transition to factory production in the British
silk industry, 1700-1870’, JEcH 47 (1987)
MacLeod, C., Inventing the industrial revolution: the English patent system 1660-1800 (1988)
*Hennock, E.P., ‘Technological education in England, 1850-1926’, History of Education 19 (1990)
Mokyr, J., The lever of riches: technological creativity and economic progress (1990)
MacLeod, C., ‘Strategies for innovation: the diffusion of new technology in 19th-century British
industry’ EcHR 45 (1992)
*Berg, M., ‘Small producer capitalism in 18th century England’, BH 35 (1993)
Barker, H., The business of women: female enterprise and urban development in northern
England, 1760-1830 (2006)
Phillips, N., Women in business, 1700-1850 (2006)
Peter Jones, Industrial enlightenment: science, technology and culture in Birmingham and the
West Midlands, 1760-1820 (2008)
10
Kay, A., The foundations of female entrepreneurship: enterprise, home and household in London
c.1800-1870 (2009)
*Mokyr, J., The enlightened economy: An economic history of Britain 1700-1850 (2009).
Mokyr, J., ‘An age of progress’ in Floud/Johnson/Humphries CEHMB (2014), ch 9
Allen, R., ‘Technology’ in Floud/Johnson/Humphries CEHMB (2014), ch 10
3. THE COMMERCIAL ECONOMY
11
Including: the integration of the economy; regionalism; transport; marketing; banking,
credit and capital; business structures.
INTEGRATING THE ECONOMY: TRANSPORT
Davis, R., The rise of the English shipping industry in the 17th and 18th centuries (1962)
North, D.C., ‘Sources of productivity change in ocean shipping, 1600-1850’, Journal of Political
Economy 76 (1968)
*Hawke, G.R., Railways and economic growth in England and Wales, 1840-70 (1970)
Albert, W., The turnpike road system in England, 1663-1840 (1972)
Pawson, E., Transport and economy: the turnpike roads of 18th-century Britain (1977)
Floud/Johnson, CEHMB (2004), ch 11
Jones, S.R.H., ‘The country trade and the marketing and distribution of Birmingham hardware,
1750-1810’, BH 26 (1984)
Ville, S., ‘Total factor productivity in the English shipping industry: the north-east coal trade, 17001850’, EcHR 39 (1986)
*Turnbull, G., ‘Canals, coal and regional growth during the industrial revolution’, EcHR 40 (1987)
Gerhold, D., ‘The growth of the London carrying trade, 1681-1838’, EcHR 41 (1988)
*Gregory, D., ‘The production of regions in England’s industrial revolution’, Journal of Historical
Geography 14 (1988)
*Kussmaul, A., A general view of the rural economy of England, 1538-1840 (1990)
*Bogart, D., ‘The transport revolution in industrialising Britain’ in Floud/Johnson/Humphries
CEHMB (2014), ch 13
INTEGRATING THE ECONOMY: MARKETING
*McKendrick, N., ‘Josiah Wedgwood: an 18th-century entrepreneur in salesmanship and marketing
techniques’, EcHR 12 (1959-60)
Alexander, D., Retailing in England during the industrial revolution (1970)
Baker, D., ‘The marketing of corn in the first half of the 18th century’, AgricHR 18 (1970)
Willan, T.S., An 18th-century shopkeeper: Abraham Dent of Kirkby Stephen (1970)
Wilson, R.G., Gentleman merchants: the merchant community in Leeds, 1700-1830 (1971)
*Chapman, S.D., ‘British marketing enterprise: the changing role of merchants, manufacturers and
financiers, 1700-1860’, Business History Review 53 (1979)
Mui, H.C and L.H., Shops and shopkeeping in 18th-century England (1989)
Richards, T., The commodity culture of Victorian England: advertising and spectacle, 1851-1914
(1990)
BANKING, CREDIT AND CAPITAL
*Pressnell, L., Country banking in the industrial revolution (1956)
*Pollard, S., ‘Fixed capital in the industrial revolution in Britain’, JEconH 24 (1964)
Anderson, B.L., ‘Money and the structure of credit in the 18th century’, BH 12 (1970)
Ward, J.R., The finance of canal building in 18th-century England (1974)
Checkland, S.G., Scottish banking: a history, 1695-1973 (1975)
Reed, M., Investment in railways in Britain, 1820-44: a study in the development of the capital
market (1975)
Chapman, S.D., ‘Financial constraints on the growth of firms in the cotton industry, 1790-1850’,
EcHR 32 (1979)
*Collins, M. and Hudson, P., ‘Provincial bank lending in Yorkshire and Merseyside’, Bulletin of
Economic Research 31 (1979)
Cottrell, P., Industrial finance 1830-1914: the finance and organisation of English manufacturing
industry (1980)
Floud/Johnson, CEHMB (2004), ch 6
*Cameron, R., ‘Banking and industrialisation in Britain in the 19th century’, in A. Slaven (ed.),
Business, Banking and Urban History (1982)
*Hannah, L., The rise of the corporate economy, 2nd ed (1983), chs 1-2
Hoppit, J., Risk and failure in English business, 1700-1800 (1987)
12
Black, I., ‘Geography, political economy and the circulation of finance capital in early industrial
England’, Journal of Historical Geography 15 (1989)
Richardson, P., ‘The structure of capital during the industrial revolution revisited: two cases from
the cotton industry’, EcHR 42 (1989)
Feinstein, C., ‘Capital accumulation in the industrial revolution’, in Floud/McCloskey, I (1994)
Foreman-Peck, J. & Millward, R., Public and private ownership of British industry, 1820-1990
(1994), chs 1-6
Collins, M., Banks and industrial finance in Britain, 1800-1939 (1995)
Muldrew, C., The economy of obligation: the culture of credit and social relations in early modern
England (1998)
Finn, M., The character of credit: personal debt in English culture 1740-1914 (2003), pt III
Taylor, J., Boardroom scandal: the criminalization of company fraud in 19th-century Britain (2013)
4. CONSUMPTION AND MATERIAL CULTURE
13
Including: the status of the 'consumer revolution' thesis; demand and supply in economic
change; changing qualitative and quantitative patterns of consumption; the meaning of
things; the 'luxury debate'.
GENERAL WORKS AND INTERPRETATIONS
Floud/Johnson, CEHMB (2004), chs 9, 13
McKendrick, N. et al., The birth of a consumer society (1982)
Mukerji, C., Patterns of modern consumerism (1987)
Brewer, J. and Porter, R. (eds.), Consumption and the world of goods (1992)
*De Vries, J., ‘The industrial revolution and the industrious revolution’, JEcH 54 (1994)
Berg, M., and Eger, E. (eds.), Luxury in the 18th century (2003)
Berg, M., Luxury and pleasure in 18th-century Britain (2005)
*De Vries, J., The industrious revolution (2008)
*Muldrew, C., Food, energy and the creation of industriousness (2011)
Floud, R., Fogel, R.W., Harris, B., and Hong, S.C., The changing body: health, nutrition, and
human development in the western world since 1700 (2011)
Horrell, S. and Oxley, D., “Bringing home the bacon? Regional nutrition, stature and gender in the
Industrial Revolution”, EcHR 65 (2012)
Horrell, S.,and Gazely, I., “Nutrition in the English agricultural labourers’ household over the course
of the long-nineteenth century”, EcHR 66 (2013)
Kelly, M. and Ó Gráda, C., ‘Numerare est errare: agricultural output and food supply in England
before and during the Industrial Revolution’, JEconH 73 (2013)
*Horrell, S., ‘Consumption, 1700-1870’ in Floud/Johnson/Humphries CEHMB (2014), ch. 8
DOMESTIC DEMAND AND FOREIGN TRADE
*McKendrick, N., ‘Home demand and economic growth’, in N.McKendrick (ed.), Historical
perspectives (1974)
*Mokyr, J., ‘Demand versus supply in the industrial revolution’, JEcH 37 (1977)
Davis, R., The industrial revolution and British overseas trade (1979)
Crouzet, F., ‘Towards an export economy: British exports during industrial revolution’, Ex Econ His
17 (1980)
*Hatton , T.J. et al., ‘18th-century British trade: homespun or empire made?’, Ex Econ His 20
(1983)
*Crafts, N.F.R., British economic growth during the industrial revolution (1985), ch 7
*O’Brien, P.K., ‘Agriculture and the home market for English industry, 1660-1820’, EHR 100 (1985)
*Cain, P. and Hopkins, A.G., British imperialism: innovation and expansion 1688-1914 (1993)
Berg, M., 'Asian luxuries and the making of the European consumer revolution', in M. Berg and E.
Eger (eds.), Luxury in the 18th century (2003)
*Zahedieh, N., ‘Overseas trade and empire’ in Floud/Johnson/Humphries CEHMB (2014), ch 14
THE MAKING, MEANING AND OWNERSHIP OF THINGS
Sekora, J., Luxury: the concept in Western thought (1977), chs 2, 3
Thirsk, J., Economic policy and projects: development of a consumer society in early modern
England (1978)
*Weatherill, L., Consumer behaviour and material culture, 1660-1760 (1988)
Borsay, P., The English urban renaissance: culture and society in provincial town 1660-1770
(1989), chs 8, 9
Earle, P., The making of the English middle class, 1660-1730 (1989)
Mui, H.C and L.H., Shops and shopkeeping in 18th-century England (1989)
Shammas, C., The pre-industrial consumer in England and America (1990)
Lemire, B., Fashion’s favourite: the cotton trade and the consumer in Britain, 1660-1800 (1991)
Raven, J., Judging new wealth: popular publishing and responses to commerce, 1750-1800 (1992)
Breen, T.H., ‘The meaning of things: interpreting the consumer economy in the 18th century’, in J.
Brewer and R. Porter, Consumption and the world of goods (1993)
Styles, J., ‘Manufacturing, consumption and design in 18th-century England’, in J. Brewer and R.
Porter (eds.), Consumption and the world of goods (1993)
14
Vickery, A., ‘Women and the world of goods: a Lancashire consumer and her possessions’, in J.
Brewer and R. Porter (eds.), Consumption and the world of goods (1993)
*King, P., 'Pauper inventories and the material lives of the poor in the 18th and early 19th
centuries', in T. Hitchcock et al., Chronicling poverty: the voices and strategies of the English
poor, 1670-1840 (1997)
Walvin, J., Fruits of empire: exotic produce and British taste, 1660-1800 (1997)
Estabrook, C., Urban and rustic England: cultural ties and social spheres in the provinces 16601780 (1998)
Richards, S., 18th-century ceramics: products for a civilized society (1999)
Finn, M., ‘Men’s things: masculine possession in the consumer revolution’, Social History 25
(2000)
Berg, M., ‘From imitation to invention: creating commodities in 18th-century Britain’, EcHR 55
(2002)
Styles, J., 'Custom or consumption? Plebeian fashion in 18th-century England', in M. Berg and E.
Eger (eds.), Luxury in the 18th century (2003)
Riello, G., A foot in the past: consumers, producers and footwear in the long 18th century (2006)
Styles, J. and Vickery, A. (eds.), Gender, taste material culture in Britain and North America 17001830 (2006)
Stobart, J. et al, Spaces of consumption: leisure and shopping in the English town, c.1680-1830
(2007)
Styles, J., The dress of the people: everyday fashion in 18th-century England (2007)
*Vickery, A., Behind closed doors: at home in Georgian England (2009), esp. ch. 4, 6 and 10
Riello, G. and Parthasarathi, P. (eds.), The spinning world: a global history of cotton textiles
(2011)
CONSUMER SOCIETY IN THE 19TH CENTURY
Steegman, J., Victorian taste (1950)
Briggs, A., Victorian things (1988)
Richards, T., The commodity culture of Victorian England (1990)
Loeb, L.A., Consuming angels: advertising and Victorian women (1994)
Breward, C., The hidden consumer: masculinities, fashion and city life (1999)
Marcus, S., Apartment stories: city and home in 19th-century Paris and London (1999)
Rappaport, E., Shopping for pleasure: women in the making of London's West End (2000)
Alborn, T., 'The first fund managers: life insurance bonuses in Victorian Britain', VS 45 (2002)
Finn, M., The character of credit: personal debt in English culture 1740-1914 (2003), pts I, II
Cohen, D., Household gods: The British and their possessions (2006)
Hamlett, J., Material Relations : domestic interiors and middle-class families in England, 18501910 (2010)
Rich, R., Bourgeois consumption: food, space and identity in London and Paris 1850-1914 (2011)
5. THE NATURE OF WORK
15
Including: the changing culture of work; the disciplining of labour; the persistence of craft
production; the machinery question; the contributions of women's and children's work to
economic performance.
GENERAL WORKS AND INTERPRETATIONS
Floud/Johnson, CEHMB (2004), ch 12
Hunt, E. H., British labour history, 1815-1914 (1981), ch 3
Rule, J., The experience of labour in 18th-century industry (1981)
Berg, M., The age of manufactures (1985), chs 7-8
Valenze, D., The first industrial woman (1995)
Steedman, C., Labours lost: domestic service and the making of modern England (2009)
*Griffin, E., Liberty’s dawn: a people’s history of the industrial revolution (2013), part I
*Wallis, P., ‘Labour markets and training’ in Floud/Johnson/Humphries CEHMB (2014), ch 6
DISCIPLINING LABOUR
McKendrick, N., `Josiah Wedgwood and factory discipline’, HJ 4 (1961)
*Pollard, S., ‘Factory discipline in the industrial revolution’, EcHR 16 (1963-4)
*Reid, D., ‘The decline of St Monday, 1766-1876’, P&P 71 (1976)
*Lazonick, W., ‘Industrial relations and technical change: the case of the self-acting mule’,
Cambridge Journal of. Economics 3 (1979)
Styles, J., ‘Embezzlement, industry and the law in England, 1500-1800’ in M. Berg et al. (eds.),
Manufacture in town and country before the factory (1983)
Randall, A. J., ‘Peculiar perquisites and pernicious practices: embezzlement in the West of
England woollen industry, c1750-1840’, IRSH 35 (1990)
*Thompson, E.P., ‘Time, work-discipline and industrial capitalism’, P&P 38 (1967); also in Customs
in common (1991)
Hatcher, J., ‘Labour, leisure and economic thought before the 19th century’, Past and Present, 160
(1998), pp. 64-115.
Voth, H.J., Time and work in England 1750-1830 (2000)
Schwarz, L., ‘Custom, wages and workload in England during industrialization’, P&P 197 (2007)
THE PERSISTENCE OF CRAFT PRODUCTION
Thompson, E.P., The making of the English working class (1963), ch 8
*Hobsbawm, E.J., ‘Custom, wages, and workload’, Labouring men (1965)
*Samuel, R., ‘Workshop of the world: steampower and hand technology in mid-Victorian Britain’,
HWJ 3 (1977)
Hobsbawm, E. J., ‘Artisans and aristocrats of labour’, in Worlds of labour (1983)
*Sabel C. and Zeitlin, J., ‘Historical alternatives to mass production: politics, markets and
technology in 19C industrialisation’, P&P 108 (1985)
Rule, J. (ed.), British trade unions: the formative years (1988), chs 1, 11
THE MACHINE QUESTION
Harrison, R. (ed.), Independent collier (1979), esp intro
Berg, M., The machinery question and the making of political economy 1815-48 (1980), chs 7-8
*Harrison, R. and Zeitlin, J. (eds.), Divisions of labour (1985), esp chs by Harrison and by Reid and
McClelland
Rule, J., ‘The property of skill in the period of manufacture’ in P.Joyce (ed.), The historical
meanings of work (1986)
Gray, R., The factory question and industrial England, 1830-60 (1996)
Allen, R., ‘Technology’ in Floud/Johnson/Humphries CEHMB (2014), ch 10
WOMEN AND THE LABOUR MARKET
McKendrick, N., `Home demand and economic growth: a new view of women and children in the
industrial revolution’, in N.McKendrick (ed.), Historical perspectives (1974)
16
*Saito, O., ‘Who worked when? Life-time profiles of labour force participation in the late 18th and
mid-19th centuries’, Local Population Studies, 22 (1979), pp. 14-29. Republished in Goose, N.,
(ed.) Women in industrialising England (2007).
Snell, K.D.M., Annals of the labouring poor: social change and agrarian England, 1660-1900
(1985)
John, A. V., (ed.), Unequal opportunities: women’s employment in England, 1800-1918 (1986)
Higgs, E., ‘Women, occupations and work in 19th century censuses’, HWJ 23 (1987)
Humphries, J., '"The most free from objection": the sexual division of labour and women’s work in
19th-century England’, JEcH 47 (1987)
*Earle, P., ‘The female labour market in London in the late seventeenth and early 18th century’,
EcHR (1989)
*Humphries, J. and Horrell,S. ‘Old questions, new data, and alternative perspectives: families’
living standards during the industrial revolution’, JEconH 52 (1992)
*Berg, M., ‘What difference did women’s work make to the industrial revolution?’ HWJ 35 (1993)
Hill, B., Women, work and sexual politics in 18th century England (1994)
*Horrell, S. and Humphries, J., ‘Women’s labour force participation and the transition to the male
breadwinner family, 1790-1865’, EcHR 48 (1995)
Sharpe, P., Adapting to capitalism: working women in English economy, 1700-1850 (1996), esp
chs 2, 3, 4
Honeyman, K., Women, gender and industrialisation in England 1700-1870 (2000)
Verdon, N., Rural women workers in 19th century England (2002)
*Shaw-Taylor, L., ‘Diverse experiences: The geography of adult female employment in England
and the 1851 census’ in Goose, N., (ed.) Women in industrialising England (2007).
Burnette, J., Gender, work and wages in industrial revolution Britain (2008)
Erickson, A.L., 'Married women's work in 18th-century London', Continuity & Change 23 (2008),
267-307
CHILDREN AND THE LABOUR MARKET
Nardinelli, C., ‘Child labour and the factory acts’, JEconH 40 (1980)
Daunton, M. J., ‘Down the pit: work in the Great Northern and South Wales coalfields, 1870-1914’,
EcHR 34 (1981)
*Cunningham, H., ‘The employment and unemployment of children, 1680-1851’, P&P 126 (1990).
See P. Kirby, ‘How many children were “unemployed” in 18th- and 19th-century England’ and
Cunningham’s response in P&P 187 (2005)
*Kirby, P., Child labour in Britain, 1750-1870 (2003).
Horn, P., Children’s work and welfare 1780-1890 (2005)
*Humphries, J., Childhood and child labour in the British industrial revolution (2010)
Goose, N. and Honeyman, K. (eds), Childhood and child labour in industrial England: diversity and
agency, 1750-1914 (2013)
6. THE STANDARD OF LIVING, 1700-1880
17
Including: the impacts of industrial change on different social groups; the status of the
debate about living standards in the Industrial Revolution; wages; bodily measurement;
work hours; and other factors.
THE ‘OLD’ STANDARD OF LIVING DEBATE (TRENDS DURING THE INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION)
Hobsbawm, E.J., Industry and empire (1968), ch 4
Taylor, A. J. (ed.), The standard of living in Britain in the industrial revolution (1975)
Floud/Johnson, CEHMB (2004), ch 10
Lindert, P.H. and Williamson, J.G. ‘English workers’ living standards during the industrial
revolution: a new look’, EcHR 36 (1983)
Crafts, N.F.R., British economic growth during the industrial revolution (1985), ch 5
Schwarz, L. D., ‘The standard of living in the long run: London, 1700-1860’, EcHR 38 (1985)
Mokyr, J., ‘Is there still life in the pessimist case? Consumption during the industrial revolution,
1790-1850’, JEconH 48 (1988)
*Humphries, J. and Horrell,S. ‘Old questions, new data, and alternative perspectives: families’
living standards during the industrial revolution’, JEconH. 52 (1992)
Engerman, S.L. ‘Reflections on the standard of living debate: new arguments and new evidence’,
in J.James and M.Thomas (eds.), Capitalism in context (1993)
Floud/McCloskey, EHB (1994), ch 14
*Crafts, N.F.R., ‘Some dimensions of the ‘quality of life’ during the British industrial revolution’, EcHR
50 (1997)
*Feinstein, C., ‘Pessimism perpetuated: real wages and the standard of living in Britain during and
after the industrial revolution’ JEconH 58 (1998).
*Griffin, E., Liberty’s dawn: a people’s history of the industrial revolution (2013), pt I
CALCULATING WAGES
Hunt, E.H., Regional wage variations in Britain, 1850-1914 (1973)
*Hunt, E.H., ‘Industrialisation and regional inequality: wages in Britain, 1760-1914’, JEcH 46 (1986)
Botham, F. W. and Hunt, E.H., ‘Wages in Britain during the industrial revolution’, EcHR 40 (1987)
Brown, J.C., ‘The condition of England and the standard of living: cotton textiles in the northwest,
1806-50’, JEcH 50 (1990)
Clark, G. ‘Farm wages and living standards in the industrial revolution: England, 1670-1869’
EconHR 54 (2001)
MEASURING HEALTH
*Landers, J., ‘Mortality and metropolis: the case of London, 1675-1825’, Population Studies 41
(1987)
Floud, R., et al., Health, height, and history: nutritional standards, 1750-1980 (1990)
Nicholas, S. and Steckel, R., ‘Heights and living standards of English workers during the early
years of industrialisation, 1770-1815’ JEconH 51 (1991)
Komlos, J., ‘The secular trend in the biological standard of living in the United Kingdom, 17301860’, EcHR 46 (1993)
Huck, P., ‘Infant mortality and living standards of English workers during the Industrial Revolution’
JEconH 55 (1995)
*Szreter, S.R.S. and Mooney, G., ‘Urbanisation, mortality and the standard of living debate’, EcHR
51 (1998)
Horrell, S., Meredith D. and Oxley, D., ‘Measuring misery: body mass, ageing and gender
inequality in Victorian London’, ExEconHis 46 (2009)
Floud, R. et al., The changing body: health, nutrition and human development in the Western world
since 1700 (2011)
Muldrew, C., Food, energy and the creation of industriousness (2011)
Meredith, D. Oxley, D., ‘Nutrition and health 1700-1870’ in Floud/Johnson/Humphries CEHMB
(2014), ch 4
WORKING HOURS
18
Voth, H.J., Time and work in England 1750-1830 (2000)
Voth, H.-J., 'The longest years: new estimates of labor input in England, 1760-1830', JEconH 61
(2001)
*De Vries, J., The industrious revolution (2008)
OTHER FACTORS
Burnett, B., A social history of housing 1815-1985, 2nd ed (1986), ch 6
*Williamson, J..G., Coping with city growth during the industrial revolution (1990)
Hitchcock, T. et al., Chronicling poverty: the voices and strategies of the English poor, 1670-1840
(1997)
*King, P., 'Pauper inventories and the material lives of the poor in the 18th and early 19th
centuries', in Hitchcock, T. et al., Chronicling poverty: the voices and strategies of the English
poor, 1670-1840 (1997)
*Williams, S., ‘Poor relief, labourers’ households and living standards in rural England c.17701834: a Bedfordshire case study’, Economic History Review, 58 (2005), pp. 485-519.
THE ‘NEW’ STANDARD OF LIVING DEBATE (LEVELS BEFORE THE INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION)
*Muldrew, C., Food, energy and the creation of industriousness (2011)
*Floud, R., Fogel, R.W., Harris, B., and Hong, S.C., The changing body: health, nutrition, and
human development in the western world since 1700 (2011)
*Kelly, M. and Ó Gráda, C., ‘Numerare est errare: agricultural output and food supply in England
before and during the Industrial Revolution’, JEconH 73 (2013)
7. THE STATE AND THE ECONOMY
19
Including: economic and social impacts of the Financial Revolution; mercantilism; taxation
and other economic policies; the state and industrialization; trade regulation; 'Victorian
revolution in government' and the economy.
‘MERCANTILISM’ AND ECONOMIC POLICY
*Dickson. P.G.M., The financial revolution in England, 1688-1756 (1967)
*Mathias, P. and O’Brien, P.K., ‘Taxation in Britain and France, 1715-1810: a comparison of the
social and economic incidence of taxes collected for the central governments’, Journal of
European Economic History 5 (1976)
Floud/Johnson, CEHMB (2004), chs 7, 8
*Cain, P.J. and Hopkins, A.G., ‘Gentlemanly capitalism and British overseas expansion, I, the old
colonial system, 1688-1850’, EcHR 39 (1986)
*O’Brien, P.K., ‘The political economy of British taxation, 1660-1815’, EcHR 41 (1988)
Brewer, J., The sinews of power (1989)
North, D.C. and Weingast, B., ‘Constitutions and commitment: the evolution of institutions
governing public choice in seventeenth-century England’, JEconH 43 (1989)
Beckett, J.V. and Turner, M.E., ‘Taxation and economic growth in 18th-century England’, EcHR 43
(1990)
*O’Brien, P.K., Griffiths, T. and Hunt, P., ‘Political components of the industrial revolution:
parliament and the English cotton textile industry, 1660-1774’, EcHR 44 (1991)
Cain, P. and Hopkins, A.G., British imperialism: innovation and expansion 1688-1914 (1993)
*Harling, P. and Mandler, P., ‘From ‘fiscal-military’ state to laissez faire state, 1760-1850’, JBS 32
(1993)
O’Brien, P.K. and Hunt, P., ‘The rise of the fiscal state in England, 1485-1815’, HR 66 (1993)
Floud/McCloskey, EHB (1994), ch 9
Daunton, M.J., Progress and poverty (1995), pt 5
Bowen, H.V., Elites, enterprise and the making of the British overseas empire, 1688-1775 (1996)
Hoppit, J., ‘Political arithmetic in 18th-century England’, EcHR, 49 (1996)
Harling, P., The modern British state (2001)
Hoppit, J., ‘Checking the leviathan, 1688-1832’ in D. Winch and P. K. O’Brien, eds, The political
economy of British historical experience, 1688-1914 (2002), pp. 267-94.
Morgan, K., ‘Mercantilism and the British empire, 1688-1815’ in D. Winch and P. K. O’Brien, eds,
The political economy of British historical experience, 1688-1914 (Oxford, 2002), pp. 165-192
Ashworth, W., Customs and excise (2003)
Innes, J., Inferior politics: social problems and social policies in 18th-century Britain (2009), ch 4
Hoppit, J., 'Compulsion, compensation and property rights in Britain, 1688-1833', P&P 210 (2011)
*Murphy, A. L., ‘The financial revolution and its consequences’ in Floud/Johnson/Humphries
CEHMB (2014), ch 11
*Hoppit, J., ‘Political power and British economic life, 1650-1870’ in Floud/Johnson/Humphries
CEHMB (2014), pp. 344-67.
ECONOMIC POLICY IN THE 19th CENTURY
*Peacock, A. and Wiseman, J., The growth of public expenditure in the United Kingdom (1961)
Coats, A.W. (ed.), The classical economists and economic policy (1971)
Taylor, A.J., Laissez-faire and state intervention in 19th-century Britain (1972)
Stansky, P. (ed.), The Victorian revolution: government and society in Victoria's Britain (1973)
Matthew, H.C.G., ‘Disraeli, Gladstone and the politics of mid-Victorian budgets’, HJ 22 (1979)
Richards, P., 'The state and early industrial capitalism: the case of the handloom weavers', P&P 83
(1979)
Hamlin, C., ‘Muddling in Bumbledom: local government and large sanitary improvements: the case
of four British towns, 1855-85’, VS 32 (1988)
O’Brien, P.K. and Pigman, G., ‘Free trade, British hegemony and the international economic order
in the 19th century’, Review of International Studies 18 (1992)
Cain, P. and Hopkins, A.G., British imperialism: innovation and expansion 1688-1914 (1993)
Mann, M., The sources of social power II: the rise of classes and nation-states 1760-1914 (1993)
Poovey, M., Making a social body: British cultural formation 1830-1914 (1995)
20
Alborn, T.L., Conceiving companies: joint-stock politics in Victorian England (1998)
Hamlin, C., Public health and social justice in the age of Chadwick (1998)
Searle, G., Morality and the Market in Victorian Britain, (1998)
*Daunton, M.J., Trusting Leviathan: the politics of taxation in Britain 1799-1814 (2001)
Harling, P., The modern British state (2001)
Higgs, E., The information state: the central collection of information on citizens since 1500 (2003)
Lindert, P. J., Growing public: social spending and economic growth since the 18th century (2004)
Taylor, J.,Creating Capitalism, (2006)
Howe, A. ‘Free trade and global order: the rise and fall of a Victorian vision’, in D. Bell (ed.),
Victorian visions of global order (2007), pp. 26-46.Hoppit, J., ‘Political power and British
economic life, 1650-1870’ in Floud/Johnson/Humphries CEHMB (2014), ch 12
Backhouse, R. E and Tribe, K., ‘Economic ideas and the emergence of political economy’ in
Floud/Johnson/Humphries CEHMB (2014), ch 15
8. POPULATION GROWTH, 1700-1880: FERTILITY AND NUPTIALITY
21
Including: the empirical bases of demographic knowledge; changing patterns and roles of
nuptiality and fertility in demographic change; Malthus' insights and predictive failures;
differing demographic patterns in rural and urban areas. For sexuality, see Topics 10
and 11 (‘Gender’).
GENERAL WORKS AND INTERPRETATIONS
Flinn, M.W. et al., Scottish population history from the 17th century to the 1930s (1977)
*Wrigley, E.A. and Schofield, R.S., The population history of England 1541-1871: a reconstruction
(1981)
*Houston, R. A., ‘The demographic regime, 1760-1830’, in T.M.Devine and R. Mitchison (eds.),
People and society in Scotland, I (1988)
Woods, R., The population of Britain in the 19th century (1992)
*Wrigley, E.A., “How reliable is our knowledge of the demographic characteristics of the English
population in the early modern period?”, HJ 40 (1997)
Wrigley, E.A. et al., English population history from family reconstruction, 1580-1837 (1997)
Floud/Johnson, CEHMB (2004), chs 3, 9
*Wrigley, E. A., ‘Demographic retrospective’, in Wrigley, E.A., Poverty, progress, and population
(2004).
*Wrigley, E.A., ‘British population during the “long” eighteenth century, 1680-1840’, in
Floud/Johnson, CEHMB (2004), pp. 57-95
Szreter, S.R.S., Health and Wealth (2005)
Wrigley, E. A., ‘English county populations in the later 18th century’, EcHR 60 (2007)
Shaw-Taylor, L., and Wrigley, E. A., ‘Occcupational structure and population change’ in
Floud/Johnson/Humphries CEHMB (2014), ch 2
FAMILIES, HOUSEHOLDS AND THE PREVENTIVE CHECK
Anderson, M., Family structure in mid-19th-century Lancashire (1971)
Laslett, P. and Wall, R. (eds.), Household and family in past time (1972), esp intro
Levine, D., Family formation in an age of nascent capitalism (1977)
*Humphries, J., ‘Class struggle and the persistence of the working-class family’, in A.H.Amsden
(ed.), The economics and women and work (1980)
*Smith, R.M., ‘Fertility, economy and household formation in England over three centuries’,
Population and Development Review 7 (1981)
Hajnal, H., ‘Two kinds of pre-industrial household forms’ in R.Wall (ed.), Family forms in historic
Europe (1983)
*Macfarlane, A., Marriage and love in England: modes of reproduction1300-1840 (1986), chs
1,2,3,5
Gillis, J.R., For better, for worse: British marriage 1600 to the present (1987)
Levine, D., Reproducing families: the political economy of English population history (1987)
Phillips, R., Putting asunder: a history of divorce in Western society (1988), chs 6-12
Levine, D. and Wrightson, K., The making of an industrial society: Whickham, 1560-1765 (1991)
Anderson, M., ‘What’s new about the modern family?’, in N. Drake (ed.), Time, family and
community: perspectives on family and community history (1994)
Fletcher, A., Gender, sex and subordination in England, 1500-1800 (1995)
Reay, B., 'Kinship and the neighbourhood in 19th-century rural England: the myth of the
autonomous nuclear family', JFH 21 (1996)
Wrightson, K., ‘The family in early modern England: continuity and change’, in S. Taylor et al.
(eds.), Hanoverian Britain and empire (1998)
Tadmor, N., Family and friends in 18th-century England: household, kinships and patronage
(2001)
22
THE RISE IN FERTILITY IN THE LONG EIGHTEENTH CENTURY
Hajnal, H., ‘European marriage patterns in perspective’ in D.V.Glass and D.Eversley (eds.),
Population in history (1965)
*Levine, D., ‘Industrialisation and the proletarian family in England’, Past and Present, 107 (1985)
*Schofield, R.S., ‘English marriage patterns revisited’, JFH 10 (1985)
Wrigley, E.A., ‘Urban growth and agricultural change: England and the continent in the early
modern period’, JIH 15 (1985); also in People, cities and wealth (1987)
*Goldstone, J. A., ‘The demographic revolution in England: a re-examination’, Population Studies
49 (1986)
Hill, B., ‘The marriage age of women and the demographers’, HWJ 28 (1989)
*Weir, D.R., ‘Rather never than late: celibacy and age at marriage in English cohort fertility 15411871’, JFH 9 (1990)
Wilson, C. and Woods, R., ‘Fertility in England: a long-term perspective’, Population Studies 45
(1991)
*Wrigley, E..A., ‘Explaining the rise in marital fertility in England in the ‘long’ 18th century’, EcHR
51 (1998)
Williams, S., ‘Malthus, marriage and poor law allowances revisited: a Bedfordshire case study,
1770-1834’, AgricHR 52 (2004)
Williams, S.K., Nutt, T.W., and Levene, A.S., Illegitimacy in Britain 1700-1920 (2005)
Griffin, E., ‘‘A conundrum resolved? Rethinking courtship, marriage and population growth in 18thcentury England’, Past and Present, 215 (2012)
THE FALL IN FERTILITY AND NINETEENTH-CENTURY BIRTH CONTROL
Banks, J.A., Prosperity and parenthood: family planning among the Victorian middle classes
(1954)
McLaren, A., Birth control in 19th century England (1978)
Reay, B., 'Before the transition: fertility in English villages 1800-1880', C&C 9 (1994)
*Szreter, S. and Garrett, E., ‘Reproduction, compositional demography, and economic growth:
family planning in England long before the fertility decline’, Population and Development
Review, 26 (2000)
Rothery, M., ‘The reproductive behaviour of the English landed gentry 1800-1939’, JBS 48 (2009)
9. MORTALITY, MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH 1700-1880
23
Including: relative contributions of nutrition, medicine and the public health movement to
demographic change; impacts of local government and the urban environment causes of
death and age-specific patterns of mortality; For changes to the standard of living, see
Topic 6 ‘The standard of living, 1700-1880’.
GENERAL WORKS AND INTERPRETATIONS
Woods, R. and Woodward, J. (eds.), Urban disease in 19th-century Britain (1984)
Tranter, N., Population and society (1986), ch 3
Woods, R., The population of Britain in the 19th century (1992), ch 6
Harris, J., Private lives, public spirit: a social history of Britain 1870-1914 (1993), ch2
Szreter, S.R.S., ‘The idea of demographic transition: a critical intellectual history’, Population and
development review (1993) (Szreter folder in Seeley)
Szreter, S.R.S., Health and Wealth (2005)
DISEASE ENVIRONMENTS AND MORTALITY RATES
*Woods, R., ‘The structure of mortality in mid-19th century England and Wales’, Journal of
Historical Geography 8 (1982)
Woods, R., ‘The effects of population redistribution on the level of mortality in 19th-century
England and Wales’, JEconH, 45(1985)
*Landers, J., ‘Mortality and metropolis: the case of London, 1675-1825’, Population Studies 41
(1987)
Woods, R., et al., ‘The causes of rapid infant mortality decline in England and Wales, 1861-1921’,
pts I and II, Population Studies 42 (1988) and 43 (1989)
*Landers, J., ‘Age patterns of mortality in London during the 18th century”', Social Hist of Medicine
3 (1990)
Landers, J., Death and the metropolis: studies in the demographic history of London 1670-1880
(1993)
Huck, P., ‘Infant mortality and living standards of English workers during the ind, rev.’ JEcH 55
(1995)
*Szreter, S.R.S. and Mooney, G., ‘Urbanisation, mortality and the standard of living debate’, EcHR
51 (1998)
*Davenport R, Boulton J, and Schwarz L., ‘The decline of adult smallpox in 18th-century London’,
EconHR 64 (2011)
NINETEENTH-CENTURY PUBLIC HEALTH AND URBAN GOVERNMENT
Briggs, A., Victorian cities (1963), ch 5
Chadwick, E., Report on the sanitary condition of the labouring pop (1842): M.W.Flinn,
'Introduction' (1965)
Dyos, H.J., and Reeder, D.A., ‘Slums and suburbs’ in H.J.Dyos, M.Wolff, (eds.), The Victorian city
(1973)
Hennock, E.P., Fit and proper persons: ideal and reality in 19th-century urban government (1973)
Waller, P.J., Town, city and nation (1983), chs 1, 6-7.
Wohl, A.S., Endangered lives: public health in Victorian England (1983)
Hamlin, C., ‘Muddling in Bumbledom: local government and large sanitary improvements: the case
of four British towns, 1855-85’, VS 32 (1988)
*Szreter, S.R.S., ‘Importance of social intervention in Britain’s mortality decline’, Social His of
Medicine 1 (1988)
Szreter, S.R.S., ‘Mortality and public health 1815-1914’, in A.Digby et al.(eds.), New directions in
economic and social history II (1992)
Hardy, A.S., The epidemic streets (1993), intro and chs 5-9
Williams, N. and Mooney, G., ‘Infant mortality in an “age of great cities”: London and the English
provincial cities compared, c.1840-1910’, C&C 9 (1994)
*Szreter, S, ‘Economic growth, disruption, deprivation, disease and death’, Population and
development review (1997) (in Szreter Folder in Seeley) or in A.T. Price-Smith, Plagues and
politics (2001), ch 5
Hamlin, C., Public health and social justice in the age of Chadwick (1998)
24
Szreter, S.R.S. and Hardy A., ‘Urban fertility and mortality patterns’, in M.J. Daunton, (ed.), The
Cambridge urban history of Britain, III: 1840-1950 (2000)
NUTRITION AND LIVING STANDARDS
McKeown, T., The modern rise of population (1976)
Burnett, B., A social history of housing 1815-1985, 2nd ed (1986), ch 6
Floud, R. et al., Height, health and history: nutritional standards, 1750-1980 (1990), ch 7
Oddy, D.J., ‘Food, drink, and nutrition,’ in Thompson, CSHB 2 (1990)
*Meredith, D. Oxley, D., ‘Nutrition and health 1700-1870’ in Floud/Johnson/Humphries CEHMB
(2014), ch 4MEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE
Smith, F.B., The people’s health (1979)
Berridge, V., ‘Health and medicine’, in Thompson. CSHB III (1990) 10. GENDER AND 18thCENTURY SOCIETY
Including: sexual behaviour in theory and in practice; sexuality and class; the domestic
ideology and the domestication of women; gender in relation to public and private life;
marriage and family life; gender and class; masculinity.
GENERAL WORKS AND INTERPRETATIONS
Stone, L., The family, sex and marriage in England, 1500-1800 (1977)
Anderson, M., ‘The social implications of demographic change’, in Thompson, CSHB 2 (1990)
Jones, V. (ed.), Women in the 18th century: constructions of femininity (1990)
Barker-Benfield, G.J., The culture of sensibility: sex and society in 18th-century Britain (1992)
*Vickery, A., ‘Golden age to separate spheres: a review of the categories and chronology of
English women’s history’, HJ 36 (1993)
Fletcher, A., Gender,sex and subordination in England, 1500-1800 (1995)
Barker, H., and Chalus, E., Gender in 18th-century England (1998)
*Shoemaker, R.S., Gender in English society 1650-1850 (1998), ch 4
Harvey, K., and Shepard, A., eds., ‘Special feature on masculinities’, JBS 44 (2005)
Knott, S. and Taylor, B. (eds.), Women, gender and Enlightenment (2005)
*Hunt, M., Women in 18th-century Europe (2009)
Vickery, A., Behind closed doors: at home in Georgian England (2009)
Griffin, E., Liberty’s dawn: a people’s history of the industrial revolution (2013), part II
SEXUALITY
Faderman, L., Surpassing the love of men: romantic friendship and love between women from the
Renaissance to the present, part IB (1981)
*Porter, R. ‘Mixed feelings: the Enlightenment and sexuality in 18th-century Britain’, in P.-G.Bouce
(ed.), Sexuality in 18th-century Britain (1982)
*McLaren, A., Reproductive rituals: the perception of fertility in England from the 16th century to
the 19th century (1984), ch 1
Laqueur, T., Making sex: body and gender from the Greeks to Freud (1990)
Donoghue, E., Passions between women: British lesbian culture 1668-1801 (1993)
Porter R. and Hall, L., The facts of life: the creation of sexual knowledge 1650-1950 (1995)
*Hitchcock, T., English sexualities, 1700-1800 (1997), chs 1, 2, 7
Trumbach, R., ‘London’s sodomites: homosexual behavior and Western culture in the 18th
century’, JSH 11 (1997)
Trumbach, R., Sex and the gender revolution (1998)
Hunt, M., ‘The Sapphic strain: English lesbians in the long 18th century’ in J. Bennett and A. Froide
(eds), Singlewomen in the European past, 1250-1800 (1999)
K. Harvey, ‘The century of sex? Gender, bodies and sexuality in the long 18th century’, HJ 45
(2002)
Turner, D., Fashioning adultery: gender, sex and civility in England 1660-1740 (2002)
Harvey, K., Reading sex in the 18th century (2004)
King, T.A., The gendering of men 1600-1750, vol 1 (2004)
Berry, H., ‘Queering the history of marriage: the social recognition of a castrato husband in 18thcentury Britain’ HWJ 74 (2012)
*Dabhoiwala, F., The origins of sex: a history of the first sexual revolution (2012)
25
THE GENDERING OF THE LABOUR MARKET
Snell, K.D.M., Annals of the labouring poor: social change and agrarian England, 1660-1900
(1985)
Earle, P., ‘The female labour market in London in the late seventeenth and early 18th century’,
EcHR (1989)
Hill, B., Women, work and sexual politics in 18th century England (1994)
Sharpe, P., Adapting to capitalism: working women in English economy, 1700-1850 (1996), esp
chs 2, 3, 4
*Honeyman, K., Women, gender and industrialisation in England 1700-1870 (2000)
Burnette, J., Gender, work and wages in industrial revolution Britain (2008)
Erickson, A.L., 'Married women's work in 18th-century London', Continuity & Change 23 (2008),
267-307
WOMEN IN PUBLIC AND DOMESTIC LIFE
Thomas, K., ‘The double standard’, JHI 20 (1959)
Tomaselli, S., ‘The Enlightenment debate about women’, HWJ 20 (1985)
*Davidoff, L., and Hall, C., Family fortunes: men and women of the English middle class, 17801850 (1987)
Shevelow, K., Women and print culture: the construction of femininity in the early periodical (1989)
Davidoff, L., ‘The family in Britain’, in Thompson, CSHB 2 (1990)
Rendall, J., Women in an industrialising society, 1750-1850 (1990)
Klein, L.E., ‘Gender, conversation and the public sphere in early 18th-century England’, in M.
Worton and J. Still (eds.), Textuality and sexuality (1993)
Kubek, E., ‘Women’s participation in the urban culture of early modern London’, in A. Bermingham
and J. Brewer (eds.), The consumption of culture (1995)
Klein, L.E., ‘Gender and the public/private distinction in the 18th century’, ECS 29 (1995-96)
*Vickery, A., The gentleman’s daughter: women’s lives in Georgian England (1998)
Shoemaker, R.S., ‘Separate spheres? Ideology and practice in London gender relations, 16601740’, in M. McDonald et al. (eds.), Protestant identities: religion, society and self-fashioning in
post-Reformation England (1999)
Guest, H., Small change: women, learning, patriotism, 1750-1810 (2000)
Foyster, E., Marital violence: an English family history 1660-1857 (2005)
Retford, K., The art of domestic life: family portraiture in 18th-century England (2006)
Stott, A., Wilberforce: family and friends (2012)
MEN AND MASCULINITY
Cohen, M., Fashioning masculinity: national identity and language in the 18th century (1996)
Kuchta, D., ‘The making of the self-made man: class, clothing, and English masculinity, 1688-1832’
in V. de Grazia (ed.), The sex of things: gender and consumption in historical perspective
(1996)
Hitchcock, T., and Cohen, M., English masculinities (1999)
*Carter, P., Men and the emergence of polite society, Britain 1660-1800 (2001)
Shoemaker, R.B., 'Male honour and the decline of public violence in 18th- century London', SH 26
(2001)
Kuchta, D., The three-piece suit and modern masculinity: England 1550-1850 (2002)
Harvey, K., ‘The history of masculinity, circa 1650-1800’, JBS 44 (2005)
*Barker, H., ‘Soul, purse and family: middling and lower-class masculinity in 18th-century
Manchester’, SH 33 (2008)
Van Reyk, W., ‘Christian ideals of manliness in the 18th and early 19th centuries’, HJ 52 (2009)
Chernock, A., Men and the making of modern British feminism (2010)
Phillips, N., ‘Parenting the profligate son: masculinity, gentility and juvenile delinquency in England
1791-1814’, Gender and History 22 (2010)
French, H., and Rothery, M., Man’s estate: landed gentry masculinities 1660-1900 (2012)
Harvey, K., The little republic: masculinity and domestic authority in 18th-century Britain (2012)
Abrams, L., ‘The taming of Highland masculinity: inter-personal violence and shifting codes of
manhood c.1760-1840’ Scottish Historical Review 92 (2013)
Atkins, G., 'Christian heroes, providence and patriotism in wartime Britain,
1793-1815', HJ 58 (2015)
26
11. GENDER AND 19th-CENTURY SOCIETY
27
Including: sexual behaviour in theory and in practice; sexuality and class; the domestic
ideology and the domestication of women; gender in relation to public and private life;
marriage and family life; gender and class; masculinity; the nature and impacts of
feminism.
GENERAL WORKS AND INTERPRETATIONS
Thompson, F.M.L., The rise of respectable society (1988), chs 2-6
Anderson, M., ‘The social implications of demographic change’, in Thompson, CSHB 2 (1990)
Davidoff, L., ‘The family in Britain’, in Thompson, CSHB 2 (1990)
*Vickery, A., ‘Golden age to separate spheres: a review of the categories and chronology of
English women’s history’, HJ 36 (1993)
*Shoemaker, R.S., Gender in English society 1650-1850 (1998), ch 4
Davidoff, L. et al, The family story (1999)
Tosh, J., Manliness and masculinities in 19th-century England (2004)
Delap, L., Griffin, B. and Wills, A. (eds.), The politics of domestic authority in Britain since 1800
(2009)
Gleadle, K., Borderline citizens: women, gender and political culture in Britain, 1815-1867 (2009)
Griffin, E., Liberty’s dawn: a people’s history of the industrial revolution (2013), part II
SEXUALITY
Smith, F.B., ‘Sexuality in Britain, l800-l900’, in M.Vicinus (ed.), A widening sphere (1977)
Blake, K., Love and the woman question in Victorian literature (1983)
McLaren, A., Reproductive rituals: the perception of fertility in England from the 16th to the 19th
century (1984), ch 1
Laqueur, T., Making sex: body and gender from the Greeks to Freud (1990)
*Weeks, J., Sex, politics and society: the regulation of sexuality since l800, 2nd ed (1993)
Mason, M., The making of Victorian sexuality (1994)
Mason, M., The making of Victorian sexual attitudes (1994)
Porter, R., and Hall, L., The facts of life: the creation of sexual knowledge 1650-1950 (1995)
Szreter, S.R.S., 'Victorian Britain, 1837-1963: towards a social history of sexuality' JVC 1 (1996)
Francis, M., ‘The domestication of the male some reflections on 19th and 20th century masculinity’,
HJ 45 (2002)
Cocks, H., Nameless offences: homosexual desire in the 19th century (2003)
Cook, H, The long sexual revolution (2004), chs 1-4
Brady, S., Masculinity and male homosexuality in Britain 1861-1913 (2005)
Cocks, H., ‘Making the sodomite speak: voices of the accused …’, Gender and History 18 (2006)
THE GENDERING OF THE LABOUR MARKET
John, A. V., (ed.), Unequal opportunities: women’s employment in England, 1800-1918 (1986)
*Higgs, E., ‘Women, occupations and work in 19th century censuses’, HWJ 23 (1987)
*Humphries, J. and Horrell,S. ‘Old questions, new data, and alternative perspectives: families’
living standards during the industrial revolution’, JEconH 52 (1992)
Rose, S.O., Limited livelihoods: gender and class in 19th-century England (1992)
*Horrell, S. and Humphries, J., ‘Women’s labour force participation and the transition to the malebreadwinner family, 1790-1865’, EcHR 48 (1995)
Honeyman, K., Women, gender and industrialisation in England 1700-1870 (2000)
Verdon, N., Rural women workers in 19th century England (2002)
*Shaw-Taylor, L., ‘Diverse experiences: The geography of adult female employment in England
and the 1851 census’ in Goose, N., (ed.) Women in industrialising England (2007).
*Burnette, J., Gender, work and wages in industrial revolution Britain (2008)
*Erickson, A.L., 'Married women's work in 18th-century London', Continuity & Change 23 (2008),
267-307
28
GENDER IDEOLOGY AND FAMILY LIFE
*Millet, K., ‘Ruskin versus Mill’, in M.Vicinus (ed.), Suffer and be still (1973)
*Gorham, D., The Victorian girl and the feminine ideal (1982)
Gay, P., The bourgeois experience I: the education of the senses (1984), intro, chs 1, 3, 4
Casteras, S.P., Images of Victorian womanhood in English art (1987)
*Davidoff, L., and Hall, C., Family fortunes: men and women of the English middle class, 17801850 (1987)
Poovey, M., Uneven developments: the ideological work of gender in mid-Victorian England (1988)
Sutherland, G., ‘The movement for the higher education of women’, in P.J. Waller (ed.), Political
and social change in modern Britain (1988)
*Roper, M., and Tosh, J. (eds.), Manful assertions: masculinities in Britain since 1800 (1990)
Hammerton, A.J., Cruelty and companionship: conflict in 19th-century married life (1992)
Clark, A., The struggle for the breeches: gender and the making of the British working class (1995)
Mackinnon, A., Love and freedom: professional women and the reshaping of personal life (1997)
Foyster, E., Marital violence: an English family history 1660-1857 (2005)
Crone, R., ‘Mr and Mrs Punch in 19th-century England’, HJ 49 (2006)
Marcus, S., Between women: friendship, desire and marriage in Victorian England (2006)
Gleadle K., ‘Revisiting Family fortunes’, Women’s History Review 16 (2007)
Hilton, M., Women and the shaping of the nation's young: education and public doctrine in Britain
1750-1850 (2007)
Griffin, B., The politics of gender in Victorian Britain: masculinity, political culture and the struggle
for women’s rights (2012), chapters 2-5
PLEBEIAN EXPERIENCES
Sigsworth, E.M. et al., ‘Victorian prostitution and venereal disease’, in M.Vicinus (ed.), Suffer and
be still (1973)
Tomes, N., ‘A "torrent of abuse": crimes of violence bet working-class men and women … 184075’, JSH 11 (1977-78)
Finnegan, F., Poverty and prostitution: Victorian prostitutes in York (1979)
*Walkowitz, J. Prostitution and Victorian society: women, class and the state (1980)
Gillis, J.R., For better, for worse: British marriage 1600 to the present (1985), chs 7, 8
Lewis, J. (ed.), Labour and love: women’s experience of home and family 1850-1914 (1986)
Roberts, E., Women’s work, 1840-1940 (1988)
*Barret-Ducrocq, F., Love in the time of Victoria: sexuality, class and gender in 19th-c London
(1991)
Abrams, L., Myth and materiality in a woman’s world: Shetland 1800-2000 (2005)
‘FEMINISM’
Taylor, B., Eve and the New Jerusalem (1983)
Hollis, P., Ladies elect (1987)
Shanley, M. L., Feminism, marriage and the law in Victorian England, 1850-95 (1989)
*Levine, P., Victorian feminism, 1850-1900 (1990)
*Caine, B., Victorian feminists (1993), chs 5-7
Gleadle, K., The early feminists (1995)
Caine, B., English feminism 1780-1980 (1997)
Kent, S.K., Gender and power in Britain 1640-1990 (1999)
Griffin, B., 'Class, gender and liberalism in Parliament, 1868-1882: … the Married Women's
Property Acts', HJ 46 (2003)
Chernock, A., Men and the making of modern British feminism (2010)
MEN AND MASCULINITY
Tosh, J., ‘What should historians do with masculinity? Reflections on 19th-century Britain’, HWJ 33
(1994)
Davis, A., 'Youth gangs, masculinity, and violence in late Victorian Manchester and Salford', Social
History, 32: 2 (1998), pp. 349-69
Tosh, J., A man's place: masculinity and the middle class home in Victorian England (1999)
Wiener, M., Men of blood: violence, manliness and criminal justice in Victorian England (2004)
Harvey, K., and Shepard, A., eds., ‘Special feature on masculinities’, JBS 44 (2005)
29
*Tosh, J., ‘Masculinities in an industrializing society: Britain 1800-1914’, JBS 44 (2005)
Boddice, R., ‘The manly mind? Revisiting the Victorian "sex in brain" debate’, Gender and History,
23 (2011)
French, H., and Rothery, M., Man’s estate: landed gentry masculinities 1660-1900 (2012)
12. THE LANGUAGE AND ORGANISATION OF THE SOCIAL ORDER
IN THE LONG 18th CENTURY
30
Including: the languages of social differentiation (status, rank, order, class); changing
occupational structures and status hierarchies; regional and status distinctions within
social groups; the position of the aristocracy; the rise of a 'middle class'?; the rise of a
'working class'?; the array and impact of professions and a professional ethos.
THE LANGUAGE OF CLASS AND THE ORGANISATION OF SOCIETY
Briggs, A., ‘The language of “class” in early 19th-century England’, in A.Briggs and J.Saville (eds.),
Essays in labour history (1960)
*Thompson, E.P., The making of the English working class (1963), preface, chs 5, 6, 8, 16
Perkin, H., The origins of modern English society, 1780-1880 (1969), chs 2, 6, 7, 10
Baugh, D., ‘The social basis of stability’, Aristocratic government and society in 18th-century
England (1975)
Morris, R. J., Class and class consciousness in the industrial revolution, 1780-1850 (1979)
Stedman Jones, G., Languages of class (1983), chs 1, 3, 4
Clark, J. C. D., English society 1688-1832 (1985, 2000)
Rule, J., The labouring classes in early industrial Britain, 1750-1850 (1986), pt 4, conc
Corfield, P.J., ‘Class by name and number in 18th century Britain’, History 72 (1987); also in
Corfield, P. (ed.), Language, history, and class (1991), ch 5
Davidoff, L. and Hall, C., Family fortunes: men and women of the English middle class, 1780-1850
(1987)
Mann, M., The sources of social power II: the rise of classes and nation-states 1760-1914 (1993)
Clark, A., The struggle for the breeches: gender and the making of the British working class (1995)
*Wahrman, D., Imagining the middle class: political representation of class 1780-1840 (1995), ch 1
*Cannadine, D., Class in Britain (1998)
Lewis, J.S., Sacred to female patriotism. Gender, class and politics in late Georgian Britain (2003)
THE LANDED AND THE MIDDLING
Mingay, G. E., English landed society in the 18th century (1963)
Rogers, N., ‘Money, land and lineage: the big bourgeoisie of Hanoverian London’, SH 4 (1979)
Andrew, D., ‘The code of honour and its critics’, SH 5 (1980)
Cannadine, D., Lords and landlords: the aristocracy and the towns, 1774-1976 (1980)
Cannon, J., ‘The isthmus repaired: the resurgence of the English aristocracy, 1660-1760’,
Proceedings of the British Academy 68 (1982)
Holmes, G.S., Augustan England: professions, state and society, 1680-1730 (1982)
Bush, M.L., The English aristocracy (1984)
*Cannon, J., Aristocratic century: the peerage of 18th-century England (1984)
Stone, L. and Stone, J.F., An open elite? (1984)
Beckett, J.V., The aristocracy in England, 1660-1914 (1986)
Horwitz, H., ‘“The mess of the middle class” revisited’, C&C 2 (1987)
Earle P., The making of the English middle class: business, society and family life in London 16601730 (1989), conc
Whyman, S., Sociability and power in late Stuart London: cultural worlds of the Verneys, 16601720 (1990)
Barry, J. and Brooks, C. (eds.), The middling sort of people: culture, society and politics 15501800 (1994)
Smail, J., The origins of middle-class culture: Halifax, Yorkshire, 1660-1780 (1994)
Corfield, P., Power and the professions in Britain, 1700-1850 (1995)
*Hancock, D., Citizens of the world: London merchants and the integration of the Atlantic
community (1995)
Mascuch, M., ‘Social mobility and middling self-identity’, SH 20 (1995)
Hunt, M., The middling sort: commerce, gender and the family in England 1680-1780 (1996)
Rosenheim, J., The emergence of a ruling order: English landed society 1650-1750 (1998)
*French, H. R., The middle sort of people in provincial England 1600-1750 (2007)
31
THE LABOURING CLASSES
Thompson, E.P., The making of the English working class (1963)
Kussmaul, A., Servants in husbandry in early modern England (1981)
Malcolmson, R.W., Life and labour in England 1700-1780 (1981)
Rule, J., The experience of labour in 18th-century industry (1981)
Snell, K.D.M., Annals of the labouring poor: social change and agrarian England, 1660-1900
(1985)
Rule, J., The labouring classes in early industrial Britain, 1750-1850 (1986)
Humphries, J., ‘Enclosure, common rights and women: the proletarianisation of families in the late
18th and early 19th centuries’, JEcH 50 (1990)
Thompson, E.P., Customs in common (1991)
Neeson, J.M., Commoners: common rights, enclosure and social change in England, 1700-1820
(1993)
Clark, A., The struggle for the breeches: gender and the making of the British working class (1995)
Shaw-Taylor, L., 'Labourers, cows, common rights and parliamentary enclosure: the evidence of
contemporary comment c.1760-1810', P&P 171 (2001)
King, S., and Tomkins, A., (eds), The poor in England 1700-1850 (2003)
Snell, K.D.M., Parish and belonging: community, identity and welfare, 1700-1950 (2006)
Steedman, C., Labours lost: domestic service and the making of modern England (2009)
*Shaw-Taylor, L., ‘The rise of agrarian capitalism and the decline of family farming in England’
EcHR 65, I., (2012) pp. 26-60
*Griffin, E., Liberty’s dawn: a people’s history of the industrial revolution (2013)
32
13. THE LANGUAGE AND ORGANISATION OF THE SOCIAL ORDER IN THE 19th CENTURY
Including: languages of social differentiation (status, rank, order, class); changing
occupational structures and status hierarchies; regional and status distinctions; the
aristocracy’s position; the rise of a 'middle class'?; the rise of a 'working class'?; the
array and impact of professions and a professional ethos.
THE LANGUAGE OF CLASS AND THE ORGANISATION OF SOCIETY
*Briggs, A., ‘The language of “class” in early 19th-century England’, in A.Briggs and J.Saville
(eds.), Essays in labour history (1960)
Perkin, H., The origins of modern English society, 1780-1880 (1969), chs 2, 6, 7, 10
*Rubinstein, W.D., ‘Wealth, elites and the class structure’, P&P 77 (1977)
Morris, R. J., Class and class consciousness in the industrial revolution, 1780-1850 (1979)
Rubinstein, W.D., Men of property: the very wealthy in Britain since the industrial revolution (1981)
Stedman Jones, G., Languages of class (1983), chs 1, 3, 4
Rule, J., The labouring classes in early industrial Britain, 1750-1850 (1986), pt 4, conc
Reid, A. J., Social classes and social relations in Britain, 1850-1914 (1992)
Mann, M., The sources of social power II: the rise of classes and nation-states 1760-1914 (1993)
Miles, A., ‘How open was 19th-century British society?: social mobility and equality of opportunity,
1839-1914’, in A. Miles and D. Vincent (eds.), Building European society (1993)
Joyce, P., Democratic Subjects, (Cambridge, 1994)
*Savage, M. and .Miles, A., The remaking of the British working class, 1840-1940 (1994)
*Wahrman, D., Imagining the middle class: political representation of class 1780-1840 (1995), ch 1
Cannadine, D., Class in Britain (1998)
Thompson, F.M.L., Gentrification and the enterprise culture: Britain 1780-1980 (2001)
Feldman, D., ‘Class’, in Peter Burke (ed.), History and historians in the 20th Century (2002)
Joyce, P., The state of freedom: a social history of the British state since 1800 (2013)
THE FATE OF THE ARISTOCRACY
Cannadine, D., Lords and landlords: the aristocracy and the towns, 1774-1976 (1980)
Bush, M.L., The English aristocracy (1984)
Beckett, J.V., The aristocracy in England, 1660-1914 (1986)
*Cannadine, D., The declne and fall of the British aristocracy (1990)
Mandler, P., The Fall and Rise of the Stately Home (1997)
MIDDLE CLASSES
Crossick, G., (ed.), The lower middle class in Britain, 1870-1914 (1977), esp intro
Rubinstein, W.D., ‘The Victorian middle class: wealth, occupation and geography’, EcHR 30
(1977)
Goldman, L., 'The origins of British "social science"', HJ 26 (1983)
*Morris, R.J., ‘The middle class and the property cycle during the industrial revolution', in D. Fraser
and A. Sutcliffe (eds.), The pursuit of urban history (1983)
*Cassis, Y., ‘Bankers and English society in the late 19th century’ EcHR 38 (1985)
Kidd, A. J., ‘The middle class in 19th century Manchester’, in A. Kidd et al (ed.), City, class and
culture (1985)
Goldman, L., 'The social science association 1857-86', EHR 100 (1986)
Porter, T., The rise of statistical thinking 1820-1900 (1986)
Davidoff, L. and Hall, C., Family fortunes (1987)
Gourvish, T. R., ‘Rise of professions’, in T.R. Gourvish and A. O’Day (eds.), Later Victorian Britain
(1988)
*Trainor, R., ‘The gentrification of Victorian and Edwardian industrialists’, in A. Beier et al. (eds.),
The first modern society (1989)
*Morris, R.J., Class, sect and party: the making of the British middle class, Leeds, 1820-1850
(1990)
Nenadic, S., ‘Businessmen, the urban middle classes, and the “dominance” of manufacturers in
19th century Britain’, EcHR 44 (1991)
*Green, S., ‘In search of bourgeois civilisation: institutions & ideals in 19th century’, Northern
History 28 (1992)
Morgan, S., ‘Female influence, civic virtue and middle-class identity, c.1830-c,1860’, Women’s
History Review (2004)
Morris, R.J., Men, women and property in England 1780-1870 (2005)
Davidoff, L., Thicker than water: siblings and their relations 1780-1920 (2012)
33
WORKING CLASSES: OCCUPATIONAL AND STATUS DIVISIONS
Hobsbawm, E. J., ‘The labour aristocracy’, Labouring men (1964)
*Stedman Jones, G., Outcast London (1971), pt 1
*Crossick, G., An artisan elite in Victorian society: Kentish London, 1840-80 (1978)
Joyce, P., Work, society and politics: the culture of the factory in later Victorian England (1980)
*Daunton, M.J., ‘"Gentlemanly capitalism” and British industry, 1820-1914’, P&P 122 (1989)
Joyce, P., Visions of the people: industrial England and the question of class, 1840-1914 (1991)
Savage, M., and Miles, A., The remaking of the British working class, 1850-1940 (1994)
WORKING CLASSES: CONSCIOUSNESS
*Thompson, E.P., The making of the English working class (1963), preface, chs 5, 6, 8, 16
Musson, A.E., British trade unions 1800-1875 (1972)
Hollis, P., Class and class conflict in 19th-century England (1973), documents
Foster, R., Class struggle and the industrial revolution (1974), chs 1, 2, 7
Crossick, G., ‘The labour aristocracy and its values’, VS 19 (1976)
*Stedman Jones, G., Languages of class (1983), chs 1, 3, 4
McKibbin, R., 'Why was there no Marxism in Britain?', EHR 99 (1984); also in Ideologies of class
(1990)
Clark, A., The struggle for the breeches: gender and the making of the British working class (1995)
Reid, A., United we stand: a history of Britain’s trade unions (2004)
14. POVERTY AND POLICY
34
Including: changing ideas about poverty; costs and impacts of the Poor Law; the Poor Law
and social policy; the New Poor Law compared to the old Poor Law; costs and impacts of
the New Poor Law; the New Poor Law and social policy; self-help and 'respectability'.
GENERAL WORKS AND INTERPRETATIONS
Rose, M.E., The poor and the city: the poor law in its urban context 1834-1914 (1985)
Rose, M.E., The relief of poverty, 1834-1914, 2nd ed (1986)
Boyer, G.R., An economic history of the English poor law, 1750-1850 (1990)
*Slack, P., The English poor law, 1531-1782 (1990)
Chinn, C., Poverty amidst prosperity: the urban poor 1834-1914 (1995)
*Daunton, M.J., Progress and poverty: 1700-1850 (1995)
Lees, L., The solidarities of strangers: the English poor laws and the people 1700-1948 (1998)
King, S., Poverty and welfare in England 1700-1850 (2000)
*Innes, J., ‘The distinctiveness of the English poor laws, 1750-1850’, in D. Winch and P. K.
O’Brien, The political economy of British historical experience, 1688-1914 (2002), pp. 381-407.
King, S., and Tomkins, A. (eds.), The poor in England 1700-1850: an economy of makeshifts
(2003)
Harris, B., The origins of the welfare state 1800-1948 (2004)
Lindert, P. J., Growing public: social spending and economic growth since the 18th century (2004)
THE OLD POOR LAW AND SOCIAL POLICY
Poynter, J.R., Society and pauperism: English ideas on poor relief, 1795-1834 (1969)
Mitchison, R., ‘The making of the old Scottish poor law’, P&P 63 (1974)
Hont, I., and Ignatieff, M., 'Needs and justice in the Wealth of Nations' in I. Hont and M. Ignatieff
(eds.), Wealth and virtue (1983)
*Snell, K.D.M., Annals of the labouring poor: social change and agrarian England, 1660-1900
(1985)
*Smith, R.M., ‘Transfer incomes, risk and security: the roles of the family and the collectivity in
recent theories of fertility change’, in D. Coleman and R. Schofield (eds.), The state of
population theory (1986)
*Thomson, D., ‘Welfare and the historians’, in L. Bonfield et al. (eds.), The world we have gained
(1986)
Mandler, P., ‘The making of the new poor law redivivus’, P&P 117 (1987)
*Snell, K.D.M. and Millar, J., ‘Lone parent families and the welfare state: past and present’, C&C 2
(1987)
*Mitchison, R., ‘North and south: the development of the gulf in poor law practice’, in R.A.Houston
and I.D. Whyte (eds.), Scottish society (1989)
*Landau, N., ‘The regulation of immigration, economic structures and definitions of the poor in
18th-century England’, HJ 33 (1990)
Slack, P., The English Poor Law, 1531-1782 (1990)
Landau, N., ‘The 18th-century context of the laws of settlement’, C&C 6 (1991)
*Solar, P.M., ‘Poor relief and English economic development before the industrial revolution’,
EcHR 48 (1995)
*Smith, R. M., ‘Charity, self-interest and welfare: reflections from demographic and family history’,
in M. Daunton (ed.), Charity, self-interest and welfare in the English past (London, 1996), pp.
23-50.
Winch, D., Riches and poverty: an intellectual history of political economy in Britain, 1750-1834
(1996)
King, S., ‘Reconstructing lives: the poor, the poor law and welfare in Calverley, 1650-1820’, SH 22
(1997)
*King, S., ‘Poor relief and English economic development reappraised’, EcHR 50 (1997)
Williams, S., ‘Poor relief, labourers’ households and living standards in rural England c1770-1834’,
EcHR 58 (2005)
King, S., ‘Negotiating the law of poor relief in England, 1800-1840’, History 96 (2011)
*Williams, S., Poverty, gender and life-cycle under the English poor law, c.1760-1834 (2011)
Levene, A., The childhood of the poor: welfare in 18th-century London (2012)
35
CHANGING ATTITUDES TO POVERTY AND THE NEW POOR LAW
Stedman Jones, G., Outcast London (1971), chs 5-7, 15-19
*Fraser, D. (ed.), The new poor law in the 19th century (1976)
Thane, P., ‘Craft unions, welfare benefits and the case for trade union law reform, 1867-75’, EcHR
29 (1976)
Fido, J., 'The Charity Organisation Society and social casework in London, 1869-1900’, in
A.P.Donajgrodzki (ed.), Social control in 19th-century Britain (1977)
Benson, J., ‘The thrift of English coal-miners, 1860-95’, EcHR 31 (1978)
Digby, A., Pauper palaces (1978)
Williams, K., From pauperism to poverty (1981)
Himmelfarb, G., The idea of poverty (1985), chs 14-15, 19-20
*Johnson P., Saving and spending: the working-class economy in Britain 1870-1939 (1985)
MacKinnon, M., `English poor law policy and the crusade against outrelief’, JEconH 47 (1987)
Mandler, P., ‘The making of the new poor law redivivus’ P&P 117 (1987); also debate, P&P 127
(1990)
Mandler, P. (ed.), The uses of charity: the poor on relief in the 19th-century metropolis (1990)
Thane, P., ‘Government and society, 1750-1914’, in in Thompson, CSHB 3 (1990)
*Vincent, D., Poor citizens: the state and the poor in the 20th century (1991), ch 1
Driver, F., Power and pauperism: the workhouse system 1832-84 (1993)
Koven, S., Slumming: sexual and social politics in Victorian London (2004)
*Nutt, T., ‘Illegitimacy, paternal financial responsibility, and the 1834 Poor Law Commission
Report: the myth old poor law and the making of the new’, EcHR, 63 (2010), pp. 335-61
15. LAW, CRIME AND PUNISHMENT IN THE 18th CENTURY
36
Including: the nature of crime and violence in myth and reality; the operations of law in
relation to 'class'; the nature of punishment; maintenance of order before the police;
rural-urban contrasts.
GENERAL WORKS AND INTERPRETATIONS
Hay, D. et al. (eds.) Albion’s fatal tree (1975)
Brewer, J., and Styles, J. (eds.), An ungovernable people: the English and their law in the 17th and
18th centuries (1980), intro
*Langbein, J., ‘Albion’s fatal flaw’, P&P 98 (1983)
Sharpe, J.A., Crime in early modern England, 1550-1750 (1984)
*Beattie, J.M., Crime and the courts in England, 1660-1800 (1986)
*Emsley, C., Crime and society in England, 1750-1900 (1987)
*Gatrell, V.A.C., ‘Crime, authority, and the policeman-state, 1750-1950’ in Thompson, CSHB III
(1990)
Emsley, C., The English police: a political and social history (1991)
Landau, N. (ed.), Law, crime and English society 1680-1830 (2002)
Emsley, C., Hard men: the English and violence since 1750 (2005)
LAW, PUNISHMENT AND THE SOCIAL ORDER BEFORE THE POLICE
Paley, W., ‘Of crimes and punishments’, in Principles of moral and political philosophy (1785),
book 6, ch 9
*Hay, D., ‘Property, authority and the criminal law’, in D. Hay et al. (eds.) Albion’s fatal tree (1975)
Hay, D., ‘Poaching and the game laws on Cannock Chase’, in D. Hay et al. (eds.) Albion’s fatal
tree (1975)
Thompson, E.P., Whigs and hunters: the origin of the Black Act (1975), esp ch 10
Brewer, J., ‘The Wilkites and the law 1763-74: a study of radical notions of governance’, in J.
Brewer and J. Styles (eds.), An ungovernable people: the English and their law in the 17th and
18th centuries (1980)
Styles, J., ‘”Our traitorous money makers”: the Yorkshire coiners and the law 1760-83’ in An
ungovernable people: the English and their law in the 17th and 18th centuries (1980)
Hay, D., ‘War, dearth and theft in the 18th century: the record of the English courts’, P&P 95 (1982)
Styles, J., ‘Embezzlement, industry and the law in England, 1500-1800’, in M. Berg et al. (eds.),
Manufacture in town and country before the factory (1983)
*King, P., ‘Decision-making and decision-makers in criminal law l750-l800’, HJ 27 (1984)
King, P., ‘Newspaper reporting, prosecution practice and perceptions of urban crime: the
Colchester crime wave of 1765’, C&C 2 (1987)
Hay, D., ‘The class composition of the palladium of liberty: trial jurors in the 18th century’, in J.S.
Cockburn and T.A. Green (eds.), Twelve good men and true: the criminal trial jury 1200-1800
(1988)
Linebaugh, P., The London hanged: crime and civil society in the 18th century (1991)
Shoemaker, R.B., Prosecution and punishment: petty crime and the law in London and Middlesex,
c1660-1725 (1991)
*Gilmour, I., Riot, risings and revolution: governance and violence in 18th-century England (1992),
ch 7
McGowen, R., ‘From pillory to gallows: the punishment of forgery in the age of the financial
revolution’, P&P (1999)
King, P., Crime, justice and discretion in England, 1740-1820 (2000)
Beattie, J. M., Policing and punishment in London, 1660-1720 (2001), 10.18.241
McGowen, R., ‘Making the “bloody code”? Forgery legislation in 18th-century England’, in N.
Landau, Law, crime and English society 1660-1830 (2002)
McGowen, R., ‘The problem of punishment in 18th-century England’, in S. Devereaux and P.
Griffiths (eds.), Penal practice and culture 1500-1900 (2004)
King, P., Crime and the law in England, 1750-1840: remaking justice from the margins (2006)
Devereaux, S., ‘Recasting the theatre of execution in London: the end of Tyburn’, P&P (2009)
Foyster, E., ‘Prisoners writing home: the functions of their letters c.1680-1800’ JSH 47 (2014)
37
REFORM
*Ignatieff, M., A just measure of pain: the penitentiary and the industrial revolution, 1750-1850
(1979)
*Philips, D. ‘"A new engine of power and authority": the institutionalisation of law-enforcement in
England, l780-l830’, in V.A.C. Gatrell et al. (eds.), Crime and the law (1980)
McGowen, R., ‘A powerful sympathy: terror, the prison and humanitarian reform in early 19thcentury Britain’, JBS (1986)
Hay, D., ‘Prosecution and power: malicious prosecution 1750-1850’, in D. Hay and F. Snyder
(eds,), Policing and prosecution in Britain 1750-1850 (1989)
Hay, D., and Snyder, F., ‘Using the criminal law, 1750-1850: policing, private prosecution and the
state’, in D. Hay and F. Snyder (eds,), Policing and prosecution in Britain 1750-1850 (1989)
*Gatrell, V.A.C., ‘Crime, authority, and the policeman-state, 1750-1950’ in Thompson, CSHB III
(1990)
*Gatrell, V.A.C., The hanging tree: execution and the English people 1770-1868 (1994)
Hilton, B., ‘The gallows and Mr Peel’, in T. Blanning and D. Cannadine, History and biography:
essays in honour of Derek Beales (1996)
*Taylor, David, The new police: crime, conflict, and control in 19th-century England (1997)
Lobban, M., ‘“Old wine in ne bottles”: the concept and practice of law reform, c1780-1830’, in A.
Burns and J. Innes (eds.), Rethinking the age of reform (2003)
Handler, P., ‘Forgery and the end of the “bloody code” in early 19th-century England’, HJ (2005)
King, P., Crime and the law in England, 1750-1840: remaking justice from the margins (2006)
38
16. CRIME AND POLICING IN THE 19th CENTURY
Including: the nature of crime and violence in myth and reality; the operations of law in
relation to 'class'; the rise and impact of policing; the nature of punishment; rural-urban
contrasts. For reform of law and justice, see Topic 15 (‘Law, crime and punishment in
the18th century’); for humanitarianism and related issues, see Topic 21 (‘Manners,
sensibility and humanitarianism’).
GENERAL WORKS AND INTERPRETATIONS
*Emsley, C., Crime and society in England, 1750-1900 (1987)
*Gatrell, V.A.C., ‘Crime, authority, and the policeman-state, 1750-1950’ in Thompson, CSHB III
(1990)
Emsley, C., The English police: a political and social history (1991)
Wiener, M., Reconstructing the criminal: culture, law and policy, 1830-1914 (1991)
*Johnson, P., ‘Class law in Victorian England’, P&P 141 (1993)
Taylor, David, The new police: crime, conflict, and control in 19th-century England (1997)
Philips, D., and Storch, R.D., Policing provincial England 1839-56 (1999)
Morris, R., ‘“Lies, damned lies and criminal statistics”: reinterpreting the criminal statistics in
England and Wales’, Crime, Histoires et Sociétés/Crime, History and Societies 5 (2001)
Wood, J. Carter, Violence and crime in 19th-century England (2004)
Emsley, C., Hard men: the English and violence since 1750 (2005)
Knox, W., and McKinlay, A., ‘Crime, protest and policing in 19th-century Scotland’ in T. Griffiths
and G. Morton (eds.), A history of everyday life in Scotland 1800-1900 (2010)
POLICING CRIME AND STREET ORDER
Storch, R.D. ‘The plague of the blue locusts: police reform and popular resistance in northern
England, l840-57’, IRSH 20 (1975)
Storch, R.D., ‘The policeman as domestic missionary: urban discipline and popular culture in
northern England, l850-80’, JSH 9 (1976)
Tomes, N., ‘A "torrent of abuse": crimes of violence between working-class men and women in
London 1840-75’, JSH 11 (1977-78)
*Gatrell, V.A.C., ‘The decline of theft and violence in Victorian and Edwardian England and Wales’,
in V.A.C. Gatrell et al. (eds.), Crime and the law (1980)
Tomlinson, M.H., ‘Penal servitude 1846-65: a system in evolution’, in V. Bailey (ed.), Policing and
punishment in 19th-century Britain (1981)
Jones, D., 'Crime in London: the metropolitan police, l83l-92', in Protest, community and police
in19th-century Britain (1982)
Jones, D., 'The conquering of 'China': crime in an industrial community, l842-64' in Protest,
community and police in19th-century Britain (1982)
Sindall, R., ‘Middle-class crime in 19th-century England’, Criminal Justice History 4 (1983)
Steedman, C., Policing the Victorian community: the formation of English provincial police forces
1856-80 (1984)
Swift, R., ‘Urban policing in early Victorian. England, 1835-86: a reappraisal’, History 73 (1988)
Inwood, S., ‘Policing London’s morals: the Metropolitan Police and popular culture 1829-50’,
London Journal 15 (1990)
Zedner, L., Women, crime and custody in Victorian England (1991)
Taylor, H., ‘Rationing crime: political economy of criminal statistics since the 1850s’, EcHR 51
(1998)
King, P., Crime and law in England, 1750-1850: remaking justice from the margins (2006).
Shore, H., ‘Punishment, reformation or welfare: responses to “the problem” of juvenile crime in
Victorian and Edwardian Britain’, in H. Johnston (ed.,), Punishment and control in historical
perspective (2008)
Lawrence, P., (ed.), The New Police in the 19th Century (2011)
CONSTRUCTING THE ‘CRIMINAL'
Philips, D., Crime and authority: the Black Country, l835-60 (1977) chs 6, 7, 8
39
*Davis, J. ‘The London garotting panic of l862: a moral panic and the creation of a criminal class in
mid-Victorian England’, in V.A.C. Gatrell et al. (eds.), Crime and the law (1980)
*Davis, J. ‘Jennings Buildings and the Royal Borough: the construction of the underclass in midVictorian England’, in D. Feldman and G. Stedman Jones (eds.), Metropolis- London (1989)
Wiener, M., Reconstructing the criminal: culture, law and policy, 1830-1914 (1991)
*Bailey, V., ‘The fabrication of deviance: "dangerous classes" and "criminal classes" in Victorian
England’, in J.Rule and R.Malcolmson (eds.), Protest and survival (1993)
Carter Wood, J., ‘A useful savagery: the invention of violence in 19th-century England’, JVC, 9
(2004), pp. 22-42
Wiener, M., Men of blood: violence, manliness and criminal justice in Victorian England (2004)
17. POPULAR DISTURBANCES FROM MORAL ECONOMY TO CHARTISM
Including: the changing interpretation of 'the crowd'; changing locations and motivations of
popular disturbances; the patterns of rural and urban disturbances; the changing nature
of crowd activity in relation to 'class' and politics; the moral economy; perceptions
and/versus realities of popular disturbances; the control of popular disturbances.
THE NATURE OF THE CROWD
Thompson, E.P., The making of the English working class (1963)
Rudé, G., The crowd in history, 1730-l848 (1964)
*Thompson, E.P., ‘The moral economy of the English crowd in the 18th century', P&P 50 (1971)
Holton, R.J., ‘The crowd in history: some problems of theory and method', SH 3 (1978)
*Stevenson, J., Popular disturbances in England, l700-l870 (1979; 2nd ed, 1992, covers 17001832)
Richter, D., Riotous Victorians (1981)
*Bohstedt, J., Riots and community politics in England and Wales, 1790-1810 (1984)
Woods, D., ‘Community violence', in J.Benson (ed.), The working class in England, l870-1914
(1984)
Harrison, M., Crowds and history: mass phenomena in English towns 1790-1835 (1988)
*Gilmour, I., Riot, risings and revolution: governance and violence in 18th-century England (1992)
Archer, J.E., Social unrest and popular protest in England 1780-1840 (2000)
Randall, A., Riotous assemblies: popular protest in Hanoverian England (2006)
Bohstedt, J. The politics of provisions: food riots, moral economy, and market transition in
England, c.1550-1850 (2010)
RURAL DISTURBANCES
*Hobsbawm, E.J., ‘The machine-breakers’, Labouring men (1964)
Hobsbawm, E.J., and Rudé, G., Captain Swing (1968)
Dunbabin, J.P.D., Rural discontent in l9th-century Britain (1974)
*Stevenson, J., ‘Food riots in England, l792-1818' in J. Stevenson and R. Quinault (eds.), Popular
protest and public order (1974)
Williams, D.E., ‘Were 'hunger' rioters really hungry?', P&P 71 (1976)
Booth, A., ‘Food riots in the north-west of England, l790-l80l', P&P 77 (1977)
Wells, R., ‘The development of the English rural proletariat and social protest l700-l850', Journal of
Peasant Studies 6 (1979)
Charlesworth, A., An atlas of rural protest in Britain, 1549-l900 (1982)
Jones, D., ‘Arson and the rural community: mid-19th-century East Anglia', Crime, protest,
community and police in 19th-century Britain (1982)
Williams, D.E., ‘Morals, markets and the English crowd in l766', P&P 104 (1984)
CROWDS BEFORE CHARTISM
Stevenson, J., ‘Social control and the prevention of riots, l789-l829' in A.P.Donajgrodzki (ed.),
Social control in 19th-century Britain (1977)
Emsley, C., ‘The Home Office and its sources of information and investigation, l79l-l80l', EHR 94
(1979)
Emsley, C., ‘An aspect of Pitt's "Terror": prosecutions for sedition during the l790s', SH 6 (1981)
Rule, J., The experience of labour in l8th-century industry (1981)
40
Harrison, M., ‘"To raise and dare resentment": the Bristol bridge riot of l793 re-examined', HJ 26
(1983)
Harrison, M., ‘The ordering of the urban environment: time, work, and the occurrence of crowds,
1790-1835', P&P 110 (1986)
Bohstedt, J., and Williams, D.E., ‘The diffusion of riots: the patterns of 1766, 1795 and 1801 in
Devonshire', JIH 19 (1988-89)
*Rogers, N., Crowds, culture, and politics in Georgian Britain (1998)
THE CHARTIST CROWD AND ITS CONTROL
Mather, F.C., Public order in the age of the Chartists (1959)
Philips, D., ‘Riots and public order: the Black Country l835-50' in J. Stevenson and R. Quinault,
Popular protest and public order (1974)
Large, D., ‘London in the year of revolutions 1848', in J.Stevenson (ed.), London in the age of
reform (1977)
Goodway, D., London chartism, l838-48 (1982), pts 2, 3
Stedman Jones, G., ‘Rethinking Chartism’, Languages of class (1983)
Jones, D., The last rising: the Newport insurrection of 1839 (1985)
DISTURBANCES AFTER CHARTISM
Stedman Jones, G., Outcast London (1971)
Richter, D., ‘The role of mob riot in Victorian elections, l865-85', VS 15 (1971-2)
Gilley, S., ‘The Garibaldi riots of l862', HJ 16 (1973)
Price, R.N., ‘The other face of respectability: violence in the Manchester brickmaking trade, l85970', P&P 66 (1975)
Arnstein, W.L., ‘The Murphy riots: a Victorian dilemma', VS 19 (1975-76)
Bailey, V., ‘Salvation Army riots, the ‘Skeleton Army' and legal authority in a provincial town', in
A.P.Donajgrodzki (ed.), Social control in 19th-century Britain (1977)
Quinlivan, P., and Rose, P., The Fenians in England, l865-72 (1982)
Smith, P.T., Policing Victorian London (1985)
18. TOWNS AND URBAN CULTURE IN THE 18th CENTURY
41
Including: the taxonomy of towns; the reasons for and limits of urban growth in the
eighteenth century; towns in relation to consumption and to 'the public sphere'; the
cultural life of towns (association); the growth of London and its impact on the
provinces; urban problems and attempts at solving them. For urban demography, see
Topics 8 and 9 (demography).
URBAN RENAISSANCE
Lampard, E.E., ‘Historical aspects of urbanization’ in P.M. Hauser and L.F. Schnore (eds.), Study
of urbanization (1965)
*Wrigley, E.A., ‘A simple model of London’s importance in changing English society and economy,
1650-1750’, P&P 37 (1967)
Everitt, A. (ed.), Perspectives in English urban history (1973)
Chalklin, C.W., The provincial towns of Georgian England (1974)
Merrington, J., ‘Town and country in the transition to capitalism’, New Left Review 93 (1975)
Fisher, F.J., ‘London as an “engine of economic growth”’, in P. Clark (ed.), The early modern town
(1976)
*Wrigley, E.A., ‘Parasite or stimulus: the town in a pre-industrial economy’, in P. Abrams and E.A.
Wrigley (eds.), Towns in societies (1978)
Corfield, P., The impact of English towns, 1700-1800 (1982)
Wrigley, E.A., ‘Urban growth and agricultural change: England and the continent in the early
modern period’, JIH 15 (1985); also in People, cities and wealth (1987)
*McInnes, A., ‘The emergence of a leisure town: Shrewsbury, 1660-1760’, P&P 120 (1988)
*Borsay, P., The English urban renaissance (1989)
Borsay, P., The 18th-century town (1990), esp chs 5, 12
Ayres, J., Building the Georgian city (1998)
Sweet, R., The English town 1680-1840 (1999)
Clark, P., The Cambridge urban history of Britain, Vol II: 1540-1840 (2000)
Chalklin, C.W., The rise of the English town 1650-1850 (2001)
Harris, B., ‘Towns, improvement and cultural change in Georgian Scotland: the evidence of the
Angus burghs c.1760-1820’, Urban History 33 (2006)
Stobart, J. et al, Spaces of consumption: leisure and shopping in the English town, c.1680-1830
(2007)
Harris, B., ‘Cultural change in provincial Scottish towns, c. 1700-1820’, HJ (2011)
Conlin, J., Tales of two cities: Paris, London and the birth of the modern city (2013)
McKean, C., ‘Was there a British Georgian town? A comparison between selected Scottish burghs
and English towns’, HR 86(2013)
URBAN CULTURE AND THE PUBLIC SPHERE
Fawcett, T., ‘18th-century debating societies’, BJECS 3 (1980)
Clark, P., The English alehouse (1983)
Fawcett, T., ‘Self-improvement societies: the early “lit. and phils.”’, in Life in the Georgian town
(1986)
Looney, J.J., ‘Cultural life in the provinces: Leeds and York, 1720-1820’, in A.L. Beier et al. (eds.),
The first modern society (1989)
Barry, J., ‘Provincial town culture, 1640-1780’, in A. Wear and J. Pittock (eds.), Interpretation and
cultural history (1990)
Girouard, M., The English town (1990)
Wilson, K., ‘Urban culture and political activism in Hanoverian England’, in E. Hellmuth (ed.), The
transformation of political culture (1990)
Langford, P., Public life and the propertied Englishman 1689-1798 (1991), ch 4
Davison, L., et al. (eds.), Stilling the grumbling hive (1992)
Goodman, D., ‘Public sphere and private life’, History and Theory 31 (1992)
*Brewer, J., ‘This, that and the other: public, social and private in the 17th and 18th centuries’, in
D. Castiglione and L. Sharp (eds.), Shifting boundaries: the transformation of the languages of
public and private in the 18th century (1995)
Thale, M., ‘Women in debating societies in 1780’, Gender and History 7 (1995)
42
Andrew, D., ‘Popular culture and public debate: London 1780’, HJ 39 (1996)
Klein, L.E., ‘Coffeehouse civility, 1660-1714: an aspect of post-courtly culture in England’,
Huntington Library Quarterly 59 (1996)
Eastwood, D., Government and community in the English provinces, 1700-1830 (1997), ch 3
Estabrook, C., Urban and rustic England: cultural ties and social spheres in the provinces 16601780 (1998)
*Clark, P., British clubs and societies 1580-1800: the origins of an associational world (2000)
Hitchcock, T., Down and out in 18th-century London (2004)
*Shoemaker, R., The London mob: violence and disorder in 18th-century England (2004)
Cowan, B., The social life of coffee: the emergence of the British coffeehouse (2005)
Lake, P., and Pincus, S., ‘Rethinking the public sphere in early modern England’, JBS 45 (2006)
19. TOWNS AND URBAN CULTURE IN THE 19th CENTURY
43
Including: the taxonomy of towns; the impact of economic change on urban growth; towns
in relation to consumption and to 'the public sphere'; the cultural life of towns (including
the culture of association); the growth of London and its impact on the provinces; the
impact of Manchester, Liverpool, Birmingham and other such cities; urban problems and
attempts at solving them. For urban demography, see Topics 8 and 9 (demography).
GENERAL WORKS AND INTERPRETATIONS
Briggs, A., Victorian cities (1968)
*Dyos, H.J. & Wolff, M. (eds.), The Victorian City: Images and Realities, 2 vols (1973)
Merrington, J., ‘Town and country in the transition to capitalism’, New Left Review 93 (1975)
Clark, P., The Cambridge urban history of Britain. II: 1540-1840 (2000)
Daunton, M.J., The Cambridge urban history of Britain, III: 1840-1950 (2000), esp intro
Hunt, T., Building Jerusalem: the rise and fall of the Victorian city (2004)
White, J., London in the 19th century (2007)
Morris, R.J., ‘New spaces for Scotland, 1800-1900’ in T. Griffiths and G. Morton (eds.), A history of
everyday life in Scotland 1800-1900 (2010)
COPING WITH URBAN GROWTH
Lampard, E.E., ‘Historical aspects of urbanization’ in P.M. Hauser and L.F. Schnore (eds.), Study
of urbanization (1965)
Everitt, A.(ed.), Perspectives in English urban history (1973)
Hennock, E.P., Fit and proper persons: ideal and reality in 19th-century urban government (1973)
Dyos, H.J., Exploring the urban past (1982)
Daunton, M.J., House and home in the Victorian city: working class housing, 1850-1914 (1983)
Englander, D., Landlord and tenant in urban Britain, 1838-1918 (1983)
Waller, P.J., Town, city and nation: England, 1850-1914 (1983)
Wohl, A.S., Endangered lives: public health in Victorian England (1983)
Dennis, R., English industrial cities of the 19th century (1984)
Kidd, A.J. & Roberts, K.W. (eds.), City, class and culture: studies of social policy and cultural
production in Victorian Manchester (1985)
Cherry, G.E., Cities and plans: the shaping of urban Britain in the 19th and 20th centuries (1988),
chs 1-3
Hamlin, C., ‘Muddling in Bumbledom: local government and large sanitary improvements: the case
of four British towns, 1855-85’, VS 32 (1988)
R. Grant, ‘Merthyr Tydfil in the mid-19th century: the struggle for public health’, Welsh history
review 14 (1989)
Williamson, J.G., Coping with city growth during the British industrial revolution (1990)
Schwarz, L.D,, London in the age of industrialisation ... 1700-1850 (1992)
Roger, R. and Morris, R.J. (eds.), The Victorian city 1820-1914 (1993)
Meller, H.E., Towns, plans and society in modern Britain (1997), chs 1-3
*Szreter, S, ‘Economic growth, disruption, deprivation, disease and death’, Population and
development review (1997) (in Szreter Folder in Seeley) or in A.T. Price-Smith, Plagues and
politics (2001), ch 5
Hamlin, C., Public health and social justice in the age of Chadwick (1998)
URBAN CULTURES AND CONSTRUCTIONS
Davidoff, L., The best circles: society, etiquette and the Season (1973)
Morris, R.J., ‘Voluntary societies and British urban elites, 1780-1850’, in P. Borsay (ed.), The 18thcentury town (1990); also HJ 26 (1983)
Stamp, G., The changing metropolis: earliest photographs of London 1839-79 (1984)
*Lees, A., Cities perceived: urban society in European and American thought, 1820-1940 (1985)
Feldman, D. and Stedman Jones, G. (eds.), Metropolis – London: histories and representations
(1989)
Nord, D.E., Walking the Victorian streets: women, representation, and the city (1995)
*Simon, C.J. and Nardinelli, C., ‘The talk of the town: human capital, information and the growth of
English cities, 1861-1961’, Ex Econ His 33 (1996)
Marcus, S., Apartment stories: city and home in 19th-century Paris and London (1999)
Gunn, Simon, The public culture of the Victorian middle class (2000)
Nead, L., Victorian Babylon: people, streets and images in 19th-century London (2000)
Joyce, P., The rule of freedom: liberalism and the modern city (2003)
Morris, R.J., Men, women and property in England 1780-1870 (2005)
Morgan, S., A Victorian woman’s place: public culture in the 19th century (2007)
Dennis, R., Cities in modernity (2008)
Crone, R., Violent Victorians: popular entertainment in 19th-century London (2012)
Conlin, J., Tales of two cities: Paris, London and the birth of the modern city (2013)
Whyte,W., Redbrick: A social and architectural history of Britain's civic universities (2014)
44
45
20. RELIGION, BELIEF AND UNBELIEF IN THE 18th AND 19th CENTURIES
Including: the kinds and effectiveness of inherited religious institutions; the impact of
evangelicalism; the retooling of religion in response to new cultural, social and intellectual
challenges; belief and practice in relation to 'class' and region; the relationship between
religion and other forms of knowledge.
GENERAL WORKS AND INTERPRETATIONS
*Gilbert, A.D., Religion and society in industrial England, 1740-1914 (1976)
Currie, R., et al., Churches and churchgoers: patterns of church growth in the British isles since 1700
(1977)
Hilton, B., The age of atonement: the influence of evangelicalism on social and economic thought
1785-1865 (1988)
Parsons, G. (ed.), Religion in Victorian Britain, 5 vols (1988)
*Obelkevich, J., ‘Religion’ in Thompson, CSHB 3 (1990)
McLeod, H., Religion and society in England, 1850-1914 (1996)
Brown, C.G., Religion and society in Scotland since 1707 (1997)
Snell, K.D.M., Parish and belonging: community, identity and welfare in England and Wales, 17001950 (2006)
*Brown, S.J., Providence and empire: religion, politics and society in the United Kingdom, 1815-1914
(2008)
Yates, N., 18th-century Britain: religion and politics, 1714-1815 (2008)
THE CHURCHES AND THEIR CHALLENGES IN THE LONG EIGHTEENTH CENTURY
Bossy, J., The English Catholic community, 1570-1850 (1975), chs 13-15
*Walsh, J., Haydon, C., and Taylor, S. (eds.), The Church of England, c.1689-1833 (1994), intro
Jacob, W.M., Lay people and religion in the early 18th century (1996)
Crockett, A., and Snell, K. D. M., ‘From the 1676 Compton census to the 1851 Census of Religious
Worship: religious continuity or discontinuity?’, Rural History, 8 (1997)
Gregory, J., Restoration, reformation and reform, 1660-1828: archbishops of Canterbury and their
diocese (2000)
Spaeth, D., The Church in an age of danger: parsons and parishioners 1660-1740 (2000)
Burns, A., ‘English ‘church reform’ revisited, 1780-1840’, in A. Burns and J. Innes (eds), Rethinking the
age of reform (2003)
Gregory, J., and Chamberlain, J.S. (eds.), The national church in local perspective: the Church of
England and the regions 1600-1800 (2003)
Jacob, W. M., The clerical profession in the long 18th century (2007)
Glickman, G., The English Catholic community 1688-1745 (2009)
*Gregory, J., ‘“For all sorts and conditions of men”: the social life of the Book of Common Prayer during
the long 18th century: or, bringing the history of religion and social history together’, SH 34 (2009)
Gregory, J., "Transforming the age of reason into an age of faiths: or, putting religions and beliefs
(back) into the 18th century." JECS 32 (2009)
Friedman, T., The 18th-century church in Britain (2011)
Smith, M.A., ‘The Hanoverian parish: towards a new agenda’, P&P (2012)
REVIVALISM
Lewis, D.M., Lighten their darkness: the evangelical mission to working-class London, 1828-1860
(1986)
Lovegrove, D. W., Established church, sectarian people (1988)
Bebbington, D. W., Evangelicalism in modern Britain: a history from the 1730s to the 1980s (1989)
Snape, M.F., ‘Anti-Methodism in 18th-century England: the Pendle Forest riots of 1748’, Journal of
Ecclesiastical History (1998)
*Hempton, D., Methodism: empire of the spirit (2006)
Hindmarsh, The evangelical conversion narrative: spiritual autobiography in early modern England
(2006)
Mack, P., Heart religion in the British Enlightenment (2008)
Bebbington, D.W., Victorian religious revivals: culture and piety in local and global context (2012)
46
RELIGION, SOCIETY AND CULTURE IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY
Chadwick, O., Victorian Miniature (1960)
Bebbington, D.W., The nonconformist conscience: chapel and politics, 1870-1914 (1982)
Wolffe, J., God and greater Britain: religion and national life in Britain and Ireland 1843-1945 (1994)
Knight, F., The 19th-century Church and English society (1995)
Jalland, P., Death in the Victorian Family (1996)
Snell, K. D. M. and Ell, P. S., Rival Jerusalems: the geography of Victorian religion (Cambridge, 2000)
*Larsen, T., Contested Christianity: the political and social contexts of Victorian theology (2004)
Burns, A., ‘The authority of the Church’, in P. Mandler (ed.), Liberty and authority in Victorian Britain
(Oxford, 2006)
Reed, J.S., Glorious battle: the cultural politics of Victorian Anglo-Catholicism (2006)
Wheeler, M., Old enemies: Catholic and Protestant in 19th-century culture (2006)
Herringer, C.E., Victorians and the Virgin Mary: religion and gender in England, 1830-85 (2008)
Cantor, G., Religion and the Great Exhibition of 1851 (2011)
Larsen, T., A people of one book: the Bible and the Victorians (2011)
RELIGION, CLASS AND POLITICAL CHANGE
*Thompson, E.P., The making of the English working class (1963), esp. ch11
Obelkevich, J., Religion and rural society: South Lindsey, 1825-1875 (1976)
Harrison, J.F.C., The second coming: popular millenarianism 1780-1850 (1979)
McLeod, H., Religion and the working class in 19th-century Britain (1984)
McCalman, I., Radical underworld: prophets, pornographers and revolutionaries in London, 1795-1840
(1993)
Smith, M., Religion in industrial society: Oldham and Saddleworth 1740-1865 (1994)
RELIGION, ENLIGHTENMENT AND SCIENCE
Burrow, J., Evolution and society: a study in Victorian social theory (1966)
Alter, P., The reluctant patron: science and the state in Britain, 1850-1970 (1972), chs 1-7
Morrell, J. and Thackray, A., Gentlemen of science (1981)
Collini, S., Winch, D. & Burrow, J., That noble science of politics (1983)
Inkster, I. and Morrell, J., Metropolis and province: science in British culture, 1780-1850 (1983)
Cooter, R., The cultural meaning of popular science: phrenology and the organisation of consent in
19th-century Britain (1984)
Goldman, L., “The Social Science Association, 1857-1886”, EHR 100 (1986)
Desmond, A., The politics of evolution: morphology, medicine and reform in radical London (1989)
*Turner, F., Contesting cultural authority (1993), chs 1-4, 6, 7
Haakonssen, K. (ed.), Enlightenment and religion: rational dissent in 18th-century Britain (1996)
Winter, A., Mesmerized: powers of mind in Victorian Britain (1998)
MacHaffie, B.J., ‘Old Testament criticism and the education of Victorian children’, in S.J. Brown
and G. Newlands (eds.), Scottish Christianity in the modern world (2000)
Secord, J., Victorian sensation: the extraordinary publication, reception, and secret authorship of
Vestiges of the Creation (2001)
Larsen, T., Crisis of doubt: honest faith in 19th-century England (2006)
Shaw, J., Miracles in enlightenment England (2006)
Brown, S.J., ‘Beliefs and religions’ in T. Griffiths and G. Morton (eds.), A history of everyday life in
Scotland 1800-1900 (2010)
Erdozain, D., The problem of pleasure: sport, recreation and the crisis of Victorian religion (2010)
Thompson, D.M., ‘The enlightenment, the late 18th-century revolutions and their aftermath’, in I.
Katznelson & G. Stedman Jones (eds.), Religion and the political imagination (2010)
21. MANNERS, SENSIBILITY AND HUMANITARIANISM
47
Including: the social provenance and relations of sensibility and humanitarianism;
campaigns for the reformation of manners; the reform of institutions; philanthropy; the
origins and accomplishments of humanitarianism; social control through good works.
For the impact of religion, see Topic 20 ('Religion, Belief and Unbelief').
SENSIBILITY AND HUMANITARIANISM
Harrison, B., Drink and the Victorians (1971)
Fido, F., ‘The Charity Organisation Society and social casework in London, l869-l900’, in A.P.
Donajgrodzki (ed.), Social control in 19th-century Britain (1977)
Ignatieff, M., A just measure of pain: the penitentiary in the industrial revolution (1978)
Harrison, B., ‘Philanthropy and the Victorians’, Peaceable kingdom (1982)
*Morris, R.J., ‘Voluntary societies and British urban elites, 1780-1850’, in P. Borsay (ed.), The
18th-century town (1990); also HJ 26 (1983)
Digby, A., Madness, morality and medicine: a study of the York Retreat, 1796-1914 (1985)
*Haskell, T.L., ‘Capitalism and the origins of humanitarian sensibility’, pts I and II, AHR 90 (1985)
Davidoff, L., and C.Hall, Family fortunes: men and women of the English middle class, 1780-1850
(1987), esp pt I
Forsythe, W.J., The reform of prisoners, 1830-1900 (1987)
Porter, Roy, Mind forg’d manacles: madness from Restoration to Regency (1987)
Andrew, D. T., Philanthropy and police: London charity in the 18th century (1989)
*Laqueur, T.W.,‘Bodies, details, and the humanitarian narrative’, in L.Hunt (ed.), The new cultural
history (1989)
*Innes, J., ‘Politics and morals: the reformation of manners movement in later 18th-century
England’, in Hellmuth, E (ed.) The transformation of political culture (1990)
Prochaska, F.K., ‘Philanthropy’, in Thompson, CSHB 3 (1990)
Ritvo, H., The animal estate: the English and other creatures in the Victorian age (1990)
Scull, A., Most solitary of afflictions: madness and society in Britain, 1700-1900 (1993)
*Gatrell, V.A.C., The hanging tree: execution and the English people 1770-1868 (1994), pts III, IV
Oldfield, J.R., Popular politics and British anti-slavery: the mobilisation of public opinion against the
slave trade, 1787-1807 (1995)
Hudson, N., ‘”Britons never will be slaves”: national myth, conservatism, and the beginnings of
British antislavery’, ECS 34 (2001)
Brown, C. L., Moral capital: foundations of British abolitionism (2006)
Draper, N., The price of emancipation: slave-ownership, compensation and British society at the
end of slavery (2009)
Drescher, S., Abolition: a history of slavery and antislavery (2009)
Glasson, T., Mastering Christianity: missionary Anglicanism and slavery in the Atlantic world
(2011)
DISCIPLINING MANNERS
Bahlman, D., The moral revolution of 1688 (1957)
Brown, F.K., Fathers of the Victorians: the age of Wilberforce (1961)
*Quinlan, M.J., Victorian prelude: a history of English manners 1700-1830 (1965)
Thomas, D., A long time burning: the history of literary censorship in England (1969)
Curtis, T.C., and Speck, W.A., ‘The societies for the reformation of manners’, Literature and
History 3 (1976)
Bristow E.J., Vice and vigilance: purity movements in Britain since 1700 (1977)
Roberts, M.J.D., ‘The Society for the Suppression of Vice and its early critics, 1802-1812', HJ 26
(1983)
Davison, L., et al. (eds.), Stilling the grumbling hive (1992)
Morgan, M., Manners, morals and class in England 1774-1858 (1994), intro, chs 1, 2, 4, conc
Burns, A., and Innes, J., eds., Rethinking the age of reform: Britain 1780-1850 (2003)
Roberts, M.J.D., Making English morals: voluntary association and moral reform in England, 17871886 (2004)
Wahrman, D., The making of the modern self: identity and culture in 18th-century England (2004)
Brown, M., ‘Rethinking early 19th-century asylum reform’, HJ 49 (2006)
Gatrell, V.A.C., City of laughter: sex and satire in 18th-century London (2006)
Dabhoiwala, F., ‘Sex and Societies for Moral Reform, 1688-1800’, JBS 46 (2007)
Dixon, T., The invention of altruism: making moral meanings in Victorian Britain (2008)
48
22. LITERACY, SCHOOLING, PRINT
49
Including: rates, kinds and meanings of literacy; popular educational institutions and
social control; the motivations and character of popular self-education; the nature of
popular print culture.
GENERAL WORKS AND INTERPRETATIONS
Sutherland, G., ‘Education’, in Thompson, CSHB 3 (1990)
Scott, P., and Fletcher, P. (eds.), Culture and education in Victorian England (1990)
*Sanderson, M. Education, economic change, and society 1780-1870, 2nd ed (1991)
Anderson, R.D., Education and the Scottish people, 1750-1918 (1995)
Raven, J. et al. (eds.), The practice and representation of reading in England (1996) chs 9-14
*Reay, B., Popular cultures in England, 1550-1750 (1998), ch 2
*Rose, J., The intellectual life of the British working classes (2001)
Lindert, P. J., Growing public: social spending and economic growth since the 18th century (2004)
Hilton, M., Women and the shaping of the nation’s young (2007)
Griffin, E., Liberty’s dawn: a people’s history of the industrial revolution (2013), part III
Whyte,W., Redbrick: A social and architectural history of Britain's civic universities (2014)
LITERACY, READING AND PRINT CULTURE
Webb, R.K., The British working class reader, 1790-1848: literacy and social tension (1955)
Altick, R., The English common reader ... 1800-1900 (1957)
Schofield, R., ‘The measurement of literacy in pre-industrial England’, in J.Goody (ed.), Literacy in
traditional societies (1968)
Stone, L., ‘Literacy and education in England 1640-1900’, P&P 42 (1969)
Sanderson, M., ‘Literacy and social mobility in the industrial revolution in England’, P&P 56 (1972)
*Schofield, R., ‘Dimensions of illiteracy, 1750-1850’ Ex Econ.His 10 (1973)
James, L., Print and the people 1819-1851 (1976)
Vincent, D., Bread, knowledge, freedom: 19th-century working-class autobiographies (1981), intro,
chs 3, 6, 7, 8
Wiener, J.H., (ed.), Papers for the millions (1988)
*Vincent, D., Literacy and popular culture: England 1750-1914 (1989)
Anderson, P., The printed image and popular culture, 1790-1860 (1991)
*Reay, B., ‘The context and meaning of popular literacy’, P&P 131 (1991)
*Mitch, D.F., The rise of popular literacy in Victorian England (1992)
Flint, K., The woman reader, 1837-1914 (1993)
Cressy, D., ‘Literacy in context’, in R. Porter & J. Brewer (eds.), Consumption & the world of goods
(1994)
Secord, J., Victorian sensation (2003)
St Clair, W., The reading nation in the romantic period (2004)
McKitterick, D., (ed.), The Cambridge history of the book in Britain, vol. 6: 1830-1914 (2009)
Suarez, M.F. and M.L., Turner, M.L., (eds.), The Cambridge History of the Book in Britain, vol. 5:
1695-1830 (2009)
Whyman, S., The pen and the people: English letter writers 1660-1800 (2009)
Crone, R., ‘Reappraising Victorian literacy through prison records’, JVC, 15 (2010), 3-37
Fyfe, A., Steam-powered knowledge: William Chambers and the business of publishing 18201860 (2012)
Foyster, E., ‘Prisoners writing home: the functions of their letters c.1680-1800’ JSH 47 (2014)
FORMAL AND INFORMAL EDUCATION
Johnson, R., ‘Educational policy and social control in early Victorian England’, P&P 49 (1970)
Tompson, R. S., Classics or charity? (1971)
*Colls, R., ‘"O, happy English children!" Coal, class and education in the north-east’, P&P 73
(1976)
*Laqueur, T.W., Religion & respectability: Sunday Schools and working-class culture, 1780-1850
(1976)
Donajgrodzki, A.P., ‘"Social police" and the bureaucratic elite: a vision of order in the age of
reform’, in A.P.Donajgrodzki (ed.), Social control in 19th-century Britain (1977)
50
Johnson, R., ‘Elementary education: the education of the poorer classes’, in G.Sutherland (ed.),
Government and society in l9th-century Britain (1977)
McCann, P., ‘Popular education, socialization, and social control: Spitalfields, 1812-1824’, in
P.McCann (ed.), Popular education and socialization in the 19th century (1977)
*Thompson, F.M.L., ‘Social control in Victorian Britain’, EcHR 34 (1981)
*Gardner, P., The lost elementary schools of Victorian England (1984)
Skedd, S., ‘Women teachers and the expansion of girls’ schooling’, in H. Barker and E. Chalus
(eds.), Gender in 18th-Century England (1997)
Snell, K.D.M., ‘The Sunday School movement in England and Wales: child labour, denominational
control and working-class culture’, P&P 164 (1999)
*Rose, J., The intellectual life of the British working classes (2001), chs 1-5
Cohen, M., ‘Notes towards rethinking girls’ education in the 18th century’, in S. Knott and B. Taylor
(eds.), Women, gender and Enlightenment (2005)
EDUCATION FOR THE UPPER ORDERS
Bamford, T.W., The rise of the public schools (1967)
Sutherland, G., ‘Secondary education’, in G. Sutherland (ed.), Government and society in 19thcentury Britain (1977)
Anderson, R.D., Universities and elites in Britain since 1800 (1992)
Leedham-Green, E., A concise history of the University of Cambridge (1996), chs 4, 5
Brock, M.G. (ed.), The history of the University of Oxford, VI (1997), chs 1, 23, VII (2000), chs 1,
31-33
Anderson, R. D., ‘Aristocratic values and elite education in Britain and France’, in D. Lancien and
M. Saint Martin (eds.), Anciennes et nouvelles aristocraties de 1880 à nos jours (2007)
De Bellaigue, C., Educating women: schooling and identity in England and France 1800-1867
(2007)
23. POPULAR CULTURES AND CUSTOMS
51
Including: continuity and change in popular culture and leisure; the impact of
'commercialisation' and 'respectability'; elites, social control and popular culture; the
significance of pub, club and musical hall; popular celebration (fair, wake, carnival,
holiday); sport. For popular literacy and print, see also Topic 22 ('Literacy, Schooling,
Print').
GENERAL WORKS AND INTERPRETATIONS
Malcolmson, R.W., Popular recreations in English society, l700-l850 (1973)
Storch, R.D., ‘The problem of working-class leisure: middle-class moral reform in the industrial
north, l825-50’, in A.P.Donajgrodzki, Social control in 19th-century Britain (1977)
*Bailey, P., Leisure and class in Victorian England (1978)
Cunningham, H., Leisure in the industrial revolution (1980)
Thompson, F.M.L., ‘Social control in Victorian Britain', EcHR 34 (1981)
*Stedman Jones, G., ‘Working class culture and politics in London', Languages of class (1983)
*Golby, J.M., and Purdue, A., The civilisation of the crowd: popular culture in England, l750-l900
(1984)
Harris, T. (ed.), Popular culture in England, c.1500-1850 (1985)
*Cunningham, H., ‘Leisure and culture', in Thompson, CSHB II (1990)
Bailey, P., Popular culture and performance in the Victorian city (1998)
*Reay, B., Popular cultures in England, 1550-1750 (1998), ch 2
*Davies, A., Leisure, gender and poverty: working class culture in Salford and Manchester 1900-39
(1992)
Mullan, J., and Reid, C., eds., 18th-century popular culture (2000), intro
Griffin, E., England’s revelry: a history of popular sports and pastimes, 1660-1830 (2005)
Bailey, P., ‘Entertainmentality! Liberalizing modern pleasure in the Victorian leisure industry’, in S.
Gunn and J. Vernon (eds.) The peculiarities of liberal modernity in imperial Britain (2011)
Morgan, C., ‘Celebrity: Academic “Pseudo-Event” or a Useful Concept for Historians?’, Cultural
and Social History 8 (2011)
Crone, R., Violent Victorians: popular entertainment in 19th-century London (2012)
CONTINUITY IN CUSTOM, PRACTICE AND BELIEF
*Cunningham, H., ‘The metropolitan fairs', in A.P.Donajgrodzki (ed.), Social control in 19th-century
Britain (1977)
Bushaway, R., By rite: custom, ceremony and community in England, l770-l880 (1982)
Laqueur, T.W., ‘Crowds, carnivals and the state in English executions, 1604-1868', in A.L. Beier et
al. (eds.), The first modern society (1989)
MacMaster, N., ‘The battle for Mousehold Heath 1857-84', P&P 127 (1990)
Thompson, E.P., Customs in common (1991), chs 3,7,8
O'Gorman, F., ‘Campaign rituals and ceremonies: the social meaning of elections in England 17801860’, P&P 135 (1992)
Gatrell, V.A.C., The hanging tree: execution and the English people 1770-1868 (1994), chs 2, 3
Bell, K., The legend of spring-heeled Jack: Victorian urban folklore and popular cultures (2012)
PUBS, CLUBS AND MUSIC HALLS
Harrison, B., Drink and the Victorians (1971)
*Reid, D.A., ‘The decline of saint Monday 1766-1876', P&P 71 (1976)
*Bailey, P., ‘Custom, capital and culture in the Victorian music hall' in R.D.Storch, Popular culture
and custom in 19th-century England (1982)
*Storch, R.D. (ed.), Popular culture and custom in 19th-century England (1982)
Clark, P., The English alehouse: a social history, 1200-1830 (1983)
Walton, J.K., The English seaside resort: a social history, 1750-1914 (1983)
Bailey, P., ‘Making sense of music hall' in P.Bailey (ed.), Music Hall (1986)
Bailey, P., ‘Conspiracies of meaning: music-hall and the knowingness of popular culture' P&P 144
(1994)
Kift, D., The Victorian music hall: culture, class and conflict (1996)
52
SPORT
*Greenwood, J. ‘A man and dog fight in Hanley', in P.J.Keating, Into unknown England, l866-1913
(1976)
Vamplew, W., The turf: a social and economic history of horse racing (1976)
Itzkowitz, D.C., Peculiar privilege: a social history of English foxhunting, 1753-1885 (1977)
Haley, B., The healthy body and Victorian culture (1978)
*Mason, A., Association football and English society, l863-1915 (1980)
Mangan, J.A., Athleticism in the Victorian and Edwardian public school (1981)
Mangan, J.A., (ed.), Pleasure, profit and proselytism: British culture and sport 1700-1914 (1988)
*Holt, R., Sport and the British: a modern history (1989)
Griffin, E., Blood sport. A history of hunting in Britain (2007)
24. POLITE CULTURE IN THE 18th CENTURY
53
Including: cultural patronage; the commercialisation of culture; cultural consumption; the
meanings and social catchment of 'polite culture'; gender and the arts; Enlightenment.
See also Topic 18 ('Towns and Urban Culture in the 18th Century').
POLITENESS
Brauer, G.C., The education of a gentleman: theories of gentlemanly education in England, 16601775 (1959)
Barrell, J., ‘Introduction’, English literature in history 1730-80 (1983)
Eagleton, T., The function of criticism from the Spectator to post-structuralism (1984)
Klein, L.E., ‘The third earl of Shaftesbury and the progress of politeness’, ECS 18 (1984)
*Langford, P., A polite and commercial people: England 1727-1783 (1989), esp ch 10
*Borsay, P., The English urban renaissance (1991), pt IV
Brewer, J., ‘“The most polite age and the most vicious”: attitudes towards culture as a commodity,
1660-1800’, in A. Bermingham and J. Brewer (eds.), The consumption of culture 1600-1800
(1995)
Copley, S., ‘Commerce, conversation and politeness in the early 18th-century periodical’, BJECS
18 (1995)
Klein, L.E., ‘Politeness for plebes: consumption and social identity in early 18th-century England’,
in A. Bermingham and J. Brewer (eds.), The consumption of culture 1600-1800 (1995)
Vickery, A., The gentleman’s daughter: women’s lives in Georgian England (1998), ch 6
Berry, H., ‘Rethinking politeness in 18th-century England: Moll King’s coffee house and the
significance of “flash talk”’, TRHS, 6th series, 11 (2001)
Carter, P., Men and the emergence of polite society, Britain 1660-1800 (2001)
*Klein, L.E., ‘Politeness and the interpretation of the British 18th century’, HJ 45 (2002)
Shoemaker, R.B. 'The taming of the duel: masculinity, honour and ritual violence in London, 16601800', HJ 45 (2002)
Tosh, J. and others, ‘English politeness: conduct, social rank and moral virtue c1400-1900’,
TRHS, 6th series, 12 (2002)
Gatrell, V.A.C., City of laughter: sex and satire in 18th-century London (2006)
Klein, L., ‘Sociability, politeness, and aristocratic self-formation in the life and career of the second
earl of Shelburne’ HJ 55 (2012)
THE COMMERCIALISATION OF CULTURE
Lees-Milne, J., Earls of creation (1962)
Lippincott, L., Selling art in Georgian London: the rise of Arthur Pond (1983)
Copley, S., ‘Polite culture in commercial society’, in A.E. Benjamin et al. (eds.), The figural and the
literal (1987)
Pears, I., The discovery of painting: the growth of interest in the arts in England 1680-1768 (1988)
Raven, J., Judging new wealth: popular publishing and responses to commerce, 1750-1800 (1992)
Solkin, D., Painting for money: the visual arts and the public sphere in 18th-century England (1992)
Ferdinand, C.Y., ‘Selling it in the provinces: news and commerce round 18th-century Salisbury’, in
J. Brewer and R. Porter (eds.), Consumption and the world of goods (1993)
McVeigh, S., Concert life in London from Mozart to Haydn (1993)
Bermingham, A., and Brewer, J. (eds.), The consumption of culture 1600-1800 (1995)
Brewer, J., ‘Culture production, consumption and the place of the artist in 18th-century England’, in
B. Allen (ed.), Towards a modern art world (1995)
Porter, R. and Mulvey, M. (eds.) Pleasure in the 18th century (1996)
*Brewer, J., The pleasures of the imagination: English culture in the 18th century (1997)
Ferdinand, C.Y., Benjamin Collins and the provincial newspaper trade in the 18th century (1997)
Stobart, J., ‘Selling (through) politeness: advertising provincial shops in 18th-century England’,
Cultural and Social History 5 (2008)
ENLIGHTENMENT AS A SOCIAL PRACTICE
Kearney, H., Scholars and gentlemen (1970)
Phillipson, N., ‘Culture and society in the 18th century province: the case of Edinburgh and the
Scottish Enlightenment’, in L. Stone (ed.), The university in society (1974)
54
Thackray, A., ‘Natural knowledge in cultural context: the Manchester model’, AHR 79 (1974)
Porter, R., ‘Gentlemen and geology: the emergence of a scientific career, 1660-1902’, HJ 21
(1978)
Porter, R., and Rousseau, G.S. (eds.), The ferment of knowledge (1980)
Porter, R., ‘Science, provincial culture and public opinion in Enlightenment England’, BJECS 3
(1980)
*Phillipson, N., ‘The Scottish Enlightenment’, in R. Porter and M. Teich (eds.), The Enlightenment
in national perspective (1981)
*Porter, R., ‘The Enlightenment in England’, in R. Porter and M. Teich (eds.), The Enlightenment in
national perspective (1981)
Sher, R., Church and university in the Scottish Enlightenment (1985)
Jacob, M., Living the Enlightenment (1991), chs 1, 2
Black, J., The British abroad: the grand tour in the 18th century (1992)
Golinski, J., Science as public culture: chemistry and enlightenment in Britain, 1760-1820 (1992)
Gascoigne, J., Joseph Banks and the English Enlightenment (1994)
Drayton, R., Nature's government: science, imperial Britain and the 'improvement' of the world
(2000)
Jones, P. M., Industrial Enlightenment: science, technology and culture in Birmingham and the
West Midlands 1760-1820 (2008)
Elliott, P., The Derby philosophers: science and culture in British urban society 1700-1850 (2009)
Mokyr, J., The enlightened economy (2009)
Elliott, P., Enlightenment, modernity and science: geographies of scientific culture and
improvement in Georgian England (2010)
25. HIGH CULTURE IN THE 19th CENTURY
55
Including: ideas of culture; competing models of the intellectual; competing ideas of
cultural authority; ideas of history and progress; the cultural industries
IDEAS OF CULTURE
Young, G.M., Portrait of an age (1936)
Houghton, W.E., The Victorian frame of mind (1957)
Williams, R., Culture and society 1780-1950 (1958), pt 1
Brantlinger, P., The spirit of reform: British literature and politics 1832-67 (1977)
Arnold, M., Culture and anarchy (1869), ed. S. Collini (1993)
Turner, F., Contesting cultural authority (1993)
Jones, H.S., Victorian political thought (2000)
Rose, J., The intellectual life of the British working classes (2001)
Connell, P., Romanticism, economics and the question of ‘culture’ (2005)
Ashton, R., Victorian Bloomsbury (2012)
SAGES, SAVANTS AND MORALISTS
House, H., The Dickens world (1941)
Annan, N., ‘The intellectual aristocracy’, in Plumb, J.H. (ed.), Studies in social history (1955)
Holloway, J., The Victorian sage (1965)
Gross, J., The rise and fall of the man of letters (1969), chs. 1-4
Morrell, J. and Thackray, A., Gentlemen of science (1981)
Heyck, T.W., The transformation of intellectual life in Victorian England (1982)
Inkster, I. and Morrell, J. (eds.), Metropolis and province: science in British culture, 1780-1850
(1983)
Collini, S., Public moralists (1991)
Winter, A., Mesmerized: powers of mind in Victorian Britain (1998)
Beer, G., Darwin’s plots (2000)
Ruskin, J., Sesame and lilies (1865), ed. D. Nord (2002)
Whyte, W., ‘The intellectual aristocracy revisited’, JVC 10 (2005)
Jones, H.S., Intellect and Character in Victorian England: Mark Pattison and the Invention of the
Don (2007).
Dixon, T., The invention of altruism: making moral meanings in Victorian Britain (2008)
Whyte, W., ‘Antinomies of sage culture’, in Hewitt, M. (ed.), The Victorian world (2012)
PAST AND PRESENT
Forbes, D., The Liberal Anglican idea of history (1952)
Burrow, J., Evolution and society: a study in Victorian social theory (1966)
Williams, R., The country and the city (1973)
Burrow, J., A liberal descent: Victorian historians and the English past (1981)
Turner, F., The Greek heritage in Victorian Britain (1981)
Dellheim, C., The face of the past: the preservation of the medieval inheritance in Victorian
England (1982)
Collini, S., Winch, D. & Burrow, J., That noble science of politics (1983)
Bann, S., The clothing of Clio: a study of the representation of history in 19th-century Britain and
France (1984)
Goldman, L., ‘The Social Science Association, 1857-1886’, EHR 100 (1986)
Bowler, P., The invention of progress (1989)
Desmond, A., The politics of evolution: morphology, medicine and reform in radical London (1989)
Mandler, P., The fall and rise of the stately home (1997), part 1
Mandler, P., ‘In the Olden Time: romantic history and English national identity, 1820-1950’, in
Brockliss, L. and Eastwood, D., eds., A union of multiple identities (1997)
Burrow, J., ‘Images of time’, in S. Collini et al. (eds), History, religion and culture (2000)
Mitchell, R., Picturing the past: English history in text and image 1830-1870 (2000)
Secord, J., Victorian sensation : the extraordinary publication, reception, and secret authorship of
Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation (2000)
Melman, B., The culture of history: English uses of the past 1800-1953 (2006)
Bull, T. and Bull, M. (eds.), Tudorism: historical imagination and the appropriation of the 16th
century (2011), chs. 1-3, 5-6, 9-10
56
CULTURAL INSTITUTIONS AND MEDIA
Kent, C.,’Higher Journalism and the Mid-Victorian Clerisy’, Victorian Studies (1969)
Ehrlich, C., The music profession in Britain since the 18th century (1985), chs 3-7
Kidd, A.J., and Roberts, K.W. (eds.), City, class and culture: studies of cultural production and
social policy in Victorian Manchester (1985), chs 6-9
Wolff, J., and Seed, J. (eds.), The culture of capital: art, power and the 19th-century middle class
(1988)
Ehrlich, C., The piano: a history, 2nd ed. (1990), chs 1-5
Gillett, P., The Victorian painter’s world (1990), esp chs 2,7
Anderson, P., The printed image and the transformation of popular culture, 1790-1860 (1991)
Musgrave, M., The musical life of the Crystal Palace (1995)
Macleod, D.S., Art and the Victorian middle class: money and the making of cultural identity
(1996), esp chs 2-4
Gunn, S., ‘The sublime and the vulgar: music and the construction of ‘high culture’ in Manchester
c. 1840-1880’, JVC 2 (1997)
Minihan, J., The nationalization of culture: the development of state subsidies to the arts in Great
Britain (1977), chs 2-5, and symposium in VS 40 (1997)
Ehrlich, C., and Russell, D., ‘Victorian music: a perspective’, JVC 3 (1998)
Taylor, B., Art for the nation: exhibitions and the London public 1747-2001 (1999), chs 2-4
Bashford, C., and Langley, L. (eds.), Music and British culture 1785-1914 (2000)
Gunn, S., The public culture of the Victorian middle class (2000)
St Clair, W., The reading nation in the romantic period (2004)
Hill, K., Culture and class in English public museums, 1850-1914 (2005)
Conlin, J., The nation’s mantelpiece: a history of the National Gallery (2006)
Mandler, P., ‘Art in a cool climate: the cultural policy of the British state in European context, c.
1780 to c. 1850’, in Blanning, T. and Schulze, H., eds., University and Diversity in European
Culture c. 1800 (2006)
Hall-Witt, J., Fashionable acts: opera and elite culture in London 1780-1880 (2007)
McKitterick, D. (ed.), The Cambridge History of the Book in Britain, vol. 6: 1830-1914 (2009)
Hoock, H., ‘“Struggling against a vulgar prejudice”: patriotism and the collecting of British art at the
turn of the 19th century’, JBS 49 (2010)
Fyfe, A., Steam-powered knowledge: William Chambers and the business of publishing 18201860 (2012)
Waterfield, G.,,The People's Galleries: Art Museums and Exhibitions in Britain 1800-1914
(2015)
Bashford, C., and Marvin, R., (eds.) The Idea of Art Music in a Commercial World, 1800-1930
(2016)
26. NATIONALITY, ETHNICITY AND EMPIRE
57
Including: the role of empire in national identity; immigration and race; relations among
English, Scottish, Welsh, Irish, British, Celtic identities.
GENERAL WORKS AND INTERPRETATIONS
Samuel, R. (ed.), Patriotism: the making and unmaking of British national identity (1989)
Porter, R. (ed.), Myths of the English (1992)
Taylor, M., “John Bull and the iconography of public opinion in England c.1712 –1929”, P&P 134
(1992)
*Brockliss, L. and Eastwood, D. (eds.), A union of multiple identities: the British isles c1750–c1850
(1997)
Robbins, K., Great Britain: identities, institutions and the idea of Britishness (1998)
Kumar, K., The making of English national identity (2003), chs 6-7
Porter, B., The absent-minded imperialists: empire, society and culture in Britain (2004)
Webster, A., The debate on the rise of the British empire (2006)
Mandler, P., The English national character (2007)
Thompson, J., ‘Modern Britain and the new imperial history’, History Compass 5 (2007)
FORGING THE NATION
Colley, L., 'Whose nation? Class and national consciousness in Britain 1750-1830', P&P 113
(1986)
*Colley, L., Britons: forging the nation, 1707-1837 (1992)
Wahrman, D., ‘National society, communal culture’, SH 17 (1992)
Wilson, K., The sense of the people: politics, culture and imperialism in England, 1715-1785 (1995)
*Pittock, M., Inventing and resisting Britain: cultural identities in Britain and Ireland, 1685-1789
(1997)
Claydon, T. and McBride, I., Protestantism and national identity: Britain and Ireland, c.1650c.1850 (1998)
*Newman, G., The rise of English nationalism: a cultural history, 1740-1830, rev. ed. (1998)
Kidd, C., British identities before nationalism (1999)
Clark, J. C. D., 'Protestantism, nationalism, and national identity,1660-1832', HJ 43 (2000)
Drayton, R., Nature's government: science, imperial Britain and the 'improvement' of the world
(2000)
Langford, P., Englishness identified: manners and character, 1650-1850 (2000)
Colley, L., Captives: Britain, empire and world, 1600-1850 (2003)
Wilson, K., The island race: Englishness, empire and gender in the 18th century (2003)
Wahrman, D., The making of the modern self: identity and culture in 18th-century England (2004)
Hoock, H., Empires of the imagination: politics, war, and the arts in the British world, 1750-1850
(2010)
Morton, G., ‘Identity out of place’, in T. Griffiths and G. Morton (eds.), A history of everyday life in
Scotland 1800-1900 (2010)
Conway, S., Britain, Ireland and Continental Europe in the 18th Century (2011)
Marshall, P. J., Remaking the British Atlantic: the United States and the British Empire after
American independence (2012)
RACE, NATION AND EMPIRE IN THE 19TH CENTURY
Lorimer, D.A., Colour, class and the Victorians: English attitudes to the Negro in the mid-19th
century (1978)
Thornton, A.P., The imperial idea and its enemies, 2nd ed (1985)
Stocking, G., Victorian anthropology (1987)
Robbins, K., 19th-century Britain: England, Scotland, and Wales, the making of a nation (1988)
Hall, C., ‘Missionary stories: gender and ethnicity in England in the 1830s and 1840s’, in White,
male and middle-class (1992)
Foster, R.F., “Paddy and Mr. Punch”, in Paddy and Mr. Punch (1993)
Midgley, C., “Anti-slavery and feminism in 19th-century Britain”, Gender & History 3 (1993)
Feldman, D., Englishmen and Jews: social relations and political culture (1994)
Metcalf, T., Ideologies of the Raj (1994)
58
Young, R.J.C., Colonial desire (1995)
Hastings, A., The construction of nationhood: ethnicity, religion and nationalism (1997)
Mandler, P., 'Against ‘Englishness’: English culture and the limits to rural nostalgia, 1850-1940',
TRHS, 6th series, 7 (1997)
Samuel, R., 'The discovery of puritanism, 1820-1914', in Island stories (1998)
Hall, C. et al., Defining the Victorian nation: class, race, gender and the Reform Act of 1867 (2000)
Mandler, P., '"Race" and "nation" in mid-Victorian thought”, in S. Collini et al. (eds.), History,
religion and culture: British intellectual history 1750-1950 (2000)
Seleski, P., ‘Identity, immigration and the state: Irish immigrants and English settlement in London,
1790-1840’, in G. K. Behlmer and F. M. Leventhal (eds.), Singular continuities: tradition,
nostalgia, and society in modern Britain (2000)
Morgan, M., National identities and travel in Victorian Britain (2001)
Colls, R., Identity of England (2002)
Hall, C., Civilising subjects: metropole and colony in the English imagination,1830-1867 (2002)
Porter, A., Religion versus empire? British Protestant missionaries and overseas expansion 17001914 (2004)
Porter, B., The absent-minded imperialists: empire, society and culture in Britain (2004)
Thompson, A., The Empire strikes back? The impact of imperialism on Britain from the mid-19th
century (2005)
Bell, D. (ed.), Victorian visions of global order (2007)
Taylor, T., ‘“Some little or contemptible war upon her hands”: Renynolds’s newspaper and
empire’, in Humpherys, A., and James, L. (eds.), G. W. M. Reynolds: 19th-century fiction,
politics and the press (2008)
Potter, S. J., ‘Empire, cultures and identities in 19th- and 20th-century Britain’, History Compass 5
(2007)
Belich, J., Replenishing the Earth, (2009)
Finn, M., ‘Slaves out of context: domestic slavery and the Anglo-Indian family, c. 1780-1830’,
TRHS, 6th series 19 (2009)
Qureshi, S., Peoples on parade: exhibitions, empire and anthropology in 19th-century Britain
(2011)
Huzzey, R., Freedom burning: anti-slavery and empire in Victorian Britain (2012)
Tosh, J., ‘Jeremiah Goldswain’s farewell: family and fortune in early 19th-century English
emigration’, HWJ 77 (2014)
Revised 6th October 2015. LS-T

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