WBL
WORLD BUSINESS LANGUAGES
BUSINESS
ENGLISH 4 U
UDŽBENIK ENGLESKOG POSLOVNOG JEZIKA ZA SAMOUKE SA IZRAĐENIM
GRAMATIČKIM I JIZIČNIM VJEŽBAMA I OBJAŠNJENJIMA NA HRVATSKOM JEZIKU
ENGLESKO - HRVATSKA VERZIJA
CD 1 – 1
Unit 1 – First unit (1st)
Jedinica 1 – Prva jedinica
MY COMPANY
MOJA KOMPANIJA
(TRGOVAČKO DRUŠTVO)
Likovi: gđica Towell (T), gđica Townsend (TW)
Characters: Miss Towell (T), Miss Townsend (TW)
1
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
My name is Peter Crawford. I am the owner of a large
company in England. The name of my company is
TRADE WINDS Ltd. It is a trading and manufacturing
company which was founded by my grandfather many
years ago.
Its headquarters is in Brighton, in the south of England.
Brighton is a famous seaside resort, some forty miles
from London.
Brighton is well connected with London by railway,
motorway and a number of ordinary roads. Gatwick, one
of London airports is 25 miles away and it serves as
a gateway not only for London but also for the south of
England. We usually use Gatwick when we travel
overseas. It is always more convenient as the main
London airport Heathrow, is often too crowded. The
roads leading to this airport are often jammed. Another
big problem is parking which is, by the way, quite
expensive and not easily accessible. So, when we travel
abroad, one of our associates drives us to the airport and
picks us up again upon our arrival. It is less costly and by
far more convenient. To book our tickets and our hotel
rooms we usually use the services of a small travel
agency. This agency is called THE WINGS OF
FREEDOM and its name somehow personifies its
activities. Now we will witness a phone conversation
between my secretary Miss Towell and an employee of
the travel agency Miss Townsend.
T: This is the Trade Winds head office in Brighton. May
I speak with Miss Townsend, please?
TW: Jane Townsend speaking. What can I do for you?
T: Hello Jane, it’s nice to hear you again. My boss is
planning a trip to Paris. As you know he often travels to
Paris on business. He usually takes the Eurostar train
from London to Paris. As a matter of fact, this time he
would like to fly. He has picked the early morning plane
leaving Gatwick at 7.45. Can you confirm two tickets for
Mr. and Mrs Crawford for tomorrow, June 10th? He will
pick up the tickets at the British Airways check – in
counter at 7.00 o’clock tomorrow morning. Is it OK?
TW: Let me check on the computer now. It’s OK. The
seats have been just confirmed. I’ll send you the invoice
today. Thanks for your order. If there’s anything else I
could do for you, don’t hesitate to tell me.
T: Yes, we’d like you to book a double room in the
Grand Hotel where he usually stays when in Paris.
As far as the return journey is concerned leave it open as
Mr. Crawford hasn’t made up his mind yet how long he
will be staying in Paris.
TW: It’s perfectly all right. We’ll be in touch. Bye – bye
for now.
T: Thanks a lot. Bye – bye.
1
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Moje ime je Peter Crawford. Ja sam vlasnik velike
kompanije u Engleskoj. Ime moje kompanije je TRADE
WINDS Ltd. To je trgovačka i proizvodna kompanija koja
je bila osnovana od mojega djeda prije mnogo godina.
Njezino sjedište je u Brightonu, na jugu Engleske.
Brighton je poznato obalno ljetovalište, nekih 40 milja (65
km) od Londona.
Brighton je dobro povezan sa Londonom željeznicom,
autocestom i određenim brojem običnih puteva. Gatwick,
jedan od londonskih aerodroma je 25 milja udaljen i on
služi kao ulazni aerodrom ne samo za London već i za jug
Engleske. Mi obično koristimo Gatwick kada putujemo u
inozemstvo. To je uvijek pogodnije jer je na glavnom
londonskom aerodromu Heathrow često prevelika gužva.
Putevi koji vode do tog aerodroma su često zakrčeni. Još
jedan veliki problem je parkiranje koje uzgred budi rečeno
prilično skupo i nije lako dostupno. Tako, kada mi
putujemo u inozemstvo jedan od naših suradnika odveze
nas do aerodroma i ponovno nas pokupi po našem dolasku.
To je manje skupo i daleko pogodnije. Da rezerviramo
naše karte i naše hotelske sobe mi obično koristimo usluge
malene putničke agencije. Ta agencija se naziva: KRILA
SLOBODE i njezino ime na neki način utjelovljuje njezine
aktivnosti. Sada ćemo svjedočiti telefonskom razgovoru
između moje sekretarice Miss Towell i službenice
putničke agencije, Miss Townsend.
T: Ovo je glavni ured TRADE WINDS-a u Brightonu.
Mogu li govoriti sa Miss Townsend, molim?
TW: Jane Townsend govori. Što mogu učiniti za Vas/tebe?
T: Halo Jane, lijepo te je čuti ponovno. Moj šef planira put
u Pariz. Kao što ti znaš on često putuje u Pariz poslovno.
On obično uzima Eurostar vlak od Londona do Pariza. U
stvari, ovaj puta on bi želio putovati avionom. On je
izabrao rani jutarnji avion koji odlazi iz Gatwicka u 7.45.
Možeš li ti potvrditi dvije karte za gospodina i gospođu
Crawford za sutra, 10. lipnja? On će podići karte na British
Airways pultu za prijave u 7 sati sutra ujutro. Je li to u
redu?
TW: Dozvoli mi da provjerim na kompjuteru sada. To je u
redu. Sjedala su upravo potvrđena. Poslat ću ti račun
(fakturu) još danas. Hvala na tvojoj narudžbi. Ako ima još
nešto što bih mogla učiniti za tebe nemoj oklijevati da mi
kažeš.
T: Da, mi bismo željeli da nam rezerviraš dvokrevetnu
sobu u Grand hotelu gdje on obično odsjeda kada je u
Parizu. Što se tiče povratnog putovanja ostavi ga otvorenim jer gospodin Crawford još nije odlučio kako dugo će
boraviti u Parizu.
TW: To je savršeno u redu. Biti ćemo u kontaktu.
Doviđenja za sada.
T: Puno ti hvala. Doviđenja.
posjetite www.poslovniengleski4u.com
1
PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONS – FRAZE I IZRAZI
1. trade winds – trgovački vjetrovi
2. trading and manufacturing – trgovanje i proizvodnja
3. which was founded – koja je bila osnovana
4. many years ago – prije mnogo godina
5. the headquarters – sjedište
6. seaside resort – morsko ljetovalište
7. well connected – dobro povezan(a)
8. by railway, motorway – željeznicom, autocestom
9. a number of – određeni broj
10. it is only 25 miles away – je samo 25 milja udaljen(a)
11. it serves – on (ona) služi
12. a gateway – ulazni punkt (točka)
13. when we travel overseas – kada mi putujemo preko mora
14. more convenient – pogodniji(a)
15. main London airport – glavni londonski aerodrom
16. too crowded – previše ispunjen
17. the roads leading to – putevi koji vode do
18. often jammed – često zakrčen
19. by the way – uzgred budi rečeno
20. quite expensive – prilično skupo
21. easily accessible – lako dostupan
22. we travel abroad – mi putujemo u inozemstvo
23. associate – suradnik
24. picks up us again – pokupi nas ponovno
25. upon our arrival – po našem dolasku
26. less costly – manje skup(a)
27. by far – nadaleko
28. to book our tickets – rezervirati naše karte
29. the agency is called – agencija se naziva
30. somehow – nekako, na neki način
31. we will witness – mi ćemo svjedočiti (biti svjedoci)
32. head office – glavni ured
33. may I speak – mogu li razgovarati
34. what can I do for you – što ja mogu učiniti za Vas (tebe)
35. it’s nice to hear you – lijepo te je čuti
36. my boss is planning – moj šef planira
37. on business – poslovno
38. he usually takes – on obično uzima
39. the Eurostar train – vlak koji prolazi tunelom ispod
Engleskog kanala
40. as a matter of fact – u stvari (kako stvari stoje)
41. he would like to fly – on bi želio letjeti
42. he has picked out – on je izabrao
43. leaving Gatwick – koji napušta Gatwick (koji odlazi iz
Gatwicka)
44. can you confirm – možeš li potvrditi
45. check-in counter – pult za prijem putnika
46. let me check – dozvoli mi da provjerim
47. the seats have been confirmed – sjedala su potvrđena
48. I’ll send you the invoice – ja ću ti poslati račun (fakturu)
49. still today – još danas
50. anything else – još nešto
51. that I could do for you – što bih ja mogla učiniti za Vas
52. don’t hesitate – nemoj oklijevati
53. we’d like (we would like) – mi bismo voljeli (željeli)
54. a double room – dvokrevetna soba
a single room – jednokrevetna soba
55. he usually stays – on obično boravi (odsjeda)
56. when in Paris – kada je u Parizu
57. as far as I am concerned – što se mene tiče
58. the return journey – povratno putovanje
59. is concerned – se tiče
60. leave it open – ostavi to otvorenim
61. to make up one’s mind – odlučiti se
62. it’s perfectly all right – to je savršeno u redu
63. we’ll be in touch – biti ćemo u kontaktu
VOCABULARY
company (´kmpəni) – društvo,
kompanija
trading (´treidiŋ) – trgovački
was (w–bijaše
by (bai) – od strane
headquarters (hed´kw:tz) – sjedište,
stožer
forty (´f:ti) – četrdeset
connected (kə´nektid) – povezan
motorway (məutə´wei) – autocesta
road (rud) – cesta, put
away (´wei) – udaljen
also (:lsu) – također
to travel (´trævl) – putovati
convenient (kn´vinint) – pogodno
as (æz) – kako, kao
too (tu: ) – previše, suviše
jammed (dæmd) – zakrčeni
quite (kwait) – sasvim, posve
accessible (´ksesibl) – dostupan
associate (´souieit) – suradnik
to drive (draiv) – voziti (autom)
name ( neim) – ime
wind (wind) – vjetar
manufacturing (mæni´fækt∫əriŋ) –
proizvodnja
year (jə:) – godina
south (sauθ) – jug
seaside (si:´said) – morska obala
mile (mail) – milja
with (wið) – s, sa
number (´nmb) – broj
airport (ε´p:t) – aerodrom, zračna luka
to serve (s:v) – služiti
usually (´juuli) – obično
overseas (uv´si:z) – preko mora,
inozemstvo
main (mein) – glavni
crowded (´krauwdid) – prepunjen,
u gužvi
expensive (iks´pensiv) – skup
abroad (´br:d) – inozemstvo
us (s) – nas
by far (bai ´fa:) – na daleko
service (´s:vis) – usluga
posjetite www.poslovniengleski4u.com
trade (treid) – trgovina, trgovački
Ltd – limited (´li:mitid) – ograničen
which (wit∫) – koja/i
founded ( ´faundid) – osnovana
ago (ə´gəu) – prije
famous (´feiməs) – poznat
resort (ri´z:t) – ljetovalište
from (frm) – od
railway (´reilwei) – željeznica
ordinary (´:dinəri) – obični, redovni
only (´unli) – samo
gateway (´geitwei) – ulazna točka
to use (ju:z) – koristiti
always (´:lweiz) – uvijek
more (m:) – više
often (´fn) – često
leading (´li:diŋ) – koji vode
another (´nð) – još jedan, drugi
by the way (bai ð wei) – uzgred budi
rečeno
to pick up (pik´p) – pokupiti
less (les) – manji
to book (buk) – rezervirati
2
again (´gen) – ponovno
costly (´kstli) – skupo
ticket (´tikit) – karta
travel (´trævl) – putovanje
wings (wiŋz) – krila
to personify (p:´snifai) – personificirati
to witness (´witns) – svjedočiti
between (bi´twi:n) – između
head office (hed´ofis) – glavni ured
can I (kn´ai) – mogu li ja
to plan (plæn) – planirati
business (´biznis) – posao
matter (´mæt) – predmet
to like (laik) – voljeti
early (´:li) – rani
check – in (tek´in) – prijava
seat (si:t) – sjedalo
to send (send) / sent (sent) / sent (sent)
–poslati
today (tu´dei) – danas
could (kud) – mogao, mogao bih
return (ri´t:n) – povratak
to concern (kn´s:n) – ticati se
yet (jet) – još
perfectly (´pfktli) – savršeno
upon (´pn) – na
small (sm:l) – malen/a
agency (´eidnsi) – agencija
freedom (´fri:dm) – sloboda
activity (æk´tiviti) – aktivnost
phone (fun) – telefon, telefonski
secretary (´sekrtri) – tajnica
may I (mei´ai) – mogu li ja, smijem li ja
to hear (hi) / heard (h:d) / heard (h:d)
– čuti
trip (trip) – putovanje
to take (teik) / took (tuk) / taken (teikn)
– uzeti
to fly (flai) – letjeti
plane (plein) – avion
counter (´kau nt) – pult, šank
just (dst) – upravo
invoice (´invis) – račun, faktura
order (´:d) – narudžba, naredba
to hesitate (´heziteit) – oklijevati
to stay (stei) – boraviti, odsjesti
journey (´d:ni) – putovanje
double room (dbl ´ru:m) – dvokrevetna
soba
to make (meik) /made (meid) / made
(meid) – načiniti
how (hau) – kako
our (au) – naš
called (k:ld) – nazvan
somehow (´smhau) – nekako
now (nau) – sada
conversation (knv´sein) – razgovor
employee ( im´pli:) – službenik
to speak (spi:k) – govoriti
boss (bs) – šef
to know (nu) – znati / knew (nju),
known (nun)
train (trein) – vlak
fact (fækt) – činjenica
time (taim) – vrijeme
to pick – (pik) – izabrati, pokupiti
to confirm (kn´f:m) – potvrditi
to check (tek) – provjeriti
confirmed (kn´f:md) – potvrđen
a lot (´lt) – puno, mnogo
anything else (æni´iŋ els) – još nešto
to tell (tel) / told (tuld) / told (tuld)
– reći
mind (maind) – pamet, um
long (lŋ) – dugo
touch (tt) – dodir, kontakt
arrival (´raivl) – dolazak
all right (:l´rait) – u redu
GRAMMAR - GRAMATIKA
PLURAL OF NOUNS – MNOŽINA IMENICA
1.
Osnovno pravilo za tvorbu množine je da dodajemo slovo s na oblik imenice u jednini.
Primjeri:
wind – winds – (vjetar, vjetrovi)
year – years – (godina, godine)
road – roads – (cesta, ceste)
airport – airports – (zračna luka, zračne luke)
2.
Imenice koje završavaju na -y dobivaju u množini nastavak -es ali tako da se y mijenja u i. To vrijedi za imenice koje ispred -y
imaju suglasnik.
Primjeri:
activity (´æktiviti) – activities (´æktivitiz) – (aktivnost, aktivnosti)
agency (´əidənsi) – agencies (´əidənsi:z) – (agencija, agencije)
Ako imamo imenice koje završavaju na -y ali ispred -y imaju samoglasnik dodajemo -s kao i kod ostalih imena.
Primjeri:
boy– dječak – boys – dječaci
toy – igračka – toys – igračke
3.
Imenice koje završavaju na -sh, -ss, -dge, -tch, -to, dobivaju nastavak -es u množini.
Primjeri:
tomato (tə´matəu) – rajčica – tomatoes (tə´ma:təuz) – rajčice
potato (pə´teitəu) – krumpir – potatoes (pteitəuz) – krumpiri
brush (br) – četka – brushes (´briz) – četke
business (´biznis) – posao – businesses (´biznisis) – poslovi
watch (wt) – sat – watches (´wtiz) – satovi
bridge (brid) – most – bridges (´bridiz) – mostovi
3
posjetite www.poslovniengleski4u.com
4.
Neke imenice imaju nepravilne množine. Takve primjere moramo memorirati.
child (taild) – dijete – children (´tildrn) – djeca
man (mæn) – muškarac – men (men) – muškarci
woman (´wumn) – žena – women (´wimin) – žene
tooth (tu) – zub – teeth (ti) – zubi
foot (fut) – stopalo – feet (fi:t) – stopala
mouse (maus) – miš – mice (mais) – miševi
5.
Imenice koje završavaju na –f ili –fe mijenjaju u množini –f u –ve te se dodaje –s.
Primjeri:
thief (i:f) – lopov – thieves (i:vz) – lopovi
wife (waif) – supruga – wives (waivz) – supruge
shelf (elf) – polica – shelves (elvz) – police
6.
Neke imenice imaju isti oblik za jedninu i množinu.
Primjeri:
sheep – ovca – sheep – ovce
fish – riba – fish – ribe
7.
Neke imenice su uvijek u jednini.
Primjer:
information (inf´mein) – informacija
(ne može se reći a lot of informations – to je krivo) ali se može reći several pieces of information – nekoliko informacija
8.
Neke imenice su uvijek u množini.
Primjeri:
jeans (di:nz) – traperice
trousers (´trauzs) – hlače
shorts (:ts)– kratke hlačice
news (nju:z) – vijesti (Here is the news – glagol se stavlja u jedninu)
Međutim, ipak se može kazati:
a pair of jeans – par traperica
a pair of shorts – par kratkih hlačica
a pair of trousers – par hlača
WORD ORDER – RED RIJEČI
Red riječi u rečenicama je prema određenim pravilima koja se moraju poštivati.
1. Najuobičajeniji je red riječi kako slijedi:
Primjer 1
Subjekt – glagol – objekt
I
read a book – Ja čitam knjigu
2. Ako imamo priložne oznake one se stavljaju prema sljedećem pravilu:
1. manner (´mæn) – način – priložna oznaka načina
2. place (pleis) – mjesto – priložna oznaka mjesta
3. time (taim) – vrijeme) – priložna oznaka vremena
Primjer 2
I gladly read a book in my room in the evening.
Ja rado čitam knjigu u mojoj sobi navečer.
3.
Obzirom da imamo dvije vrste priložnih oznaka vremena, priložne oznake određenog vremena (in the morning,
at 2 o´ clock - ujutro, u 2 sata) i priložne oznake neodređenog vremena (usually, often, seldom – obično, često, rijetko)
moramo paziti gdje ih stavljamo u rečenici.
3.1 Priložne oznake određenog vremena moraju stajati ili na početku ili na kraju rečenice.
Primjer:
In the morning I read a book ili I read a book in the morning.
4
posjetite www.poslovniengleski4u.com
3.2 Priložne oznake neodređenog vremena moraju stajati ispred glavnog glagola.
Primjer:
I often read a book in the evening. – Ja često čitam knjigu navečer.
I do not often read a book in the evening. – Ja ne čitam često knjigu navečer.
Ako je u rečenici složeno glagolsko vrijeme npr. futur, present perfect itd., prilog neodređenog vremena se stavlja ispred glavnog
glagola.
Primjer:
I will often read a book in the evening. – Ja ću često čitati knjigu navečer.
He has never driven a bus. – On nije nikad vozio autobus.
I have often read a book in the evening. – Ja sam često čitao knjigu navečer.
Iznimka od gornjeg pravila 3.2 je glagol TO BE – biti i modalni glagoli CAN, MUST, MAY. U rečenicama s tim glagolima prilozi
neodređenog vremena stavljaju se iza tih glagola.
Primjeri:
I am often at home in the evening. – Ja sam često kod kuće uvečer.
I can always help them. – Ja mogu uvijek pomoći njima.
She may usually stay at home in the morning. – Ona može obično ostati kod kuće ujutro.
He must sometimes go out at night. – On mora katkad izaći noću.
CD 1 – 2
EXERCISES - VJEŽBE
I.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS – ODGOVORITE NA OVA PITANJA
What is the name of the owner?
The name of the owner is Mr. Crawford.
What company is TRADE WINDS?
TRADE WINDS is a trading and manufacturing company.
Who founded the company?
Mr. Crawford’s grandfather founded the company many years
ago.
Where is their headquarters?
Their headquarters is in Brighton.
Where is Brighton?
Brighton is in the south of England.
How is it connected with London?
It is connected with London by railway, motorway and by ordinary
roads.
How far away is Gatwick?
Gatwick is about 25 miles away.
What is Gatwick?
Gatwick is one of London airports and a gateway to the south of
England.
What is the name of the main London airport?
The name of the main London airport is Heathrow.
What is a big problem of Heathrow?
A big problem is that it is often too crowded, the roads leading to it
are jammed and it is difficult and expensive to find parking there.
How do they travel to Gatwick?
One of their associates takes them in a company car to the airport
and picks them up upon their arrival.
Whose services do they usually use?
They usually use the services of a small travel agency.
What is this agency called?
This agency is called THE WINGS of FREEDOM.
What conversation will we witness?
We will witness a phone conversation between their secretary and
an employee of the travel agency.
1.
Kako se zove vlasnik?
2.
Kakva kompanija je TRADE WINDS?
3.
Tko je osnovao kompaniju?
4.
Gdje je njihov stožer?
5.
Gdje je Brighton?
6.
Kako je povezan sa Londonom?
7.
Koliko je udaljen Gatwick?
8.
Što je Gatwick?
9.
Kako se zove glavni londonski aerodrom?
10.
Koji je veliki problem Heathrowa?
11.
Kako oni putuju do Gatwicka?
12.
Čije usluge oni obično koriste?
13.
Kako se zove ta agencija?
14.
Kakvom razgovoru ćemo mi svjedočiti?
5
posjetite www.poslovniengleski4u.com
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
Who is planning a business trip to Paris?
Mr. Crawford is planning a business trip to Paris.
How does he usually travel to Paris?
He usually takes the Eurostar train which runs through the tunnel
below the English Channel.
How will he travel this time?
This time he will travel by plane.
What time does the plane leave Gatwick?
It is an early morning plane and it leaves Gatwick at 7.45.
Where will he pick up the tickets?
He will pick up the tickets at the check – in counter of British
Airways.
What do we need if we want to travel safely?
We need to have our seats confirmed.
What will Miss Townsend send today?
She will send the invoice today.
What other booking did she make?
She booked a double room at the Grand hotel in Paris.
Do you travel a lot?
Yes, I travel quite a lot, mostly abroad.
Who takes care of your trips?
My secretary takes care of my trips.
15.
Tko planira poslovni put u Pariz?
16.
Kako on obično putuje do Pariza?
17.
Kako će on putovati ovaj put?
18.
Kada avion napušta Gatwick?
19.
Gdje će on pokupiti karte?
20.
Što mi trebamo ako želimo putovati sigurno?
21.
Što će gospođica Townsend poslati danas?
22.
Koju drugu rezervaciju je ona napravila?
23.
Da li Vi putujete puno?
24.
Tko se brine o Vašim putovanjima?
II. PUT INTO THE CORRECT WORD ORDER THESE SENTENCES – STAVITE U PRAVILAN RED RIJEČI OVE
REČENICE:
1.
To Paris travels she usually by plane.
2.
He always is tired in the evening.
3.
Sometimes they clothes buy in London in Oxford Street.
4.
You always can help us when a lot of work we have.
5.
Who likes usually to go by train on business trips?
6.
You seldom are ready to go on foot to school.
7.
She regularly must pay the invoices 7 days after.
8.
Where we can get the information we need will?
9.
They every day park their car in the car park.
10. We laugh usually a lot when in the evening we watch this programme.
6
posjetite www.poslovniengleski4u.com
RJEŠENJA I PRIJEVOD
She usually travels to Paris by plane.
1. Ona obično putuje u Pariz avionom.
He is always tired in the evening.
2. On je uvijek umoran uvečer
They sometimes buy clothes in Oxford Street in London.
3. Oni ponekad kupuju odjeću u Oxford ulici u Londonu
You can always help us when we have a lot of work.
4. Vi nam uvijek možete pomoći kada mi imamo puno posla.
Who usually likes to go on business trips by train?
5. Tko obično voli ići na poslovna putovanja vlakom?
You are seldom ready to go to school on foot.
6. Ti si rijetko spreman ići u školu pješice.
She must regularly pay the invoices after 7 days.
7. Ona mora redovno plaćati račune nakon 7 dana.
Where can we get the information we will need?
8. Gdje možemo dobiti informacije koje ćemo trebati?
Every day they park their car in the car park.
9. Svaki dan oni parkiraju svoj auto na parkiralištu.
They park their car in the car park every day.
10. We usually laugh a lot when we watch this programme in 10. Mi se obično jako smijemo kada gledamo ovaj program
the evening.
navečer.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
OBJAŠNJENJA:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
USUALLY je priloška oznaka neodređenog vremena i stavlja se ispred glagola.
ALWAYS je priloška oznaka neodređenog vremena i stavlja se iza glagola TO BE.
SOMETIMES je priloška oznaka neodređenog vremena i dolazi ispred glagola.
ALWAYS je priloška oznaka neodređenog vremena i dolazi iza modalnog glagola CAN.
SELDOM je priloška oznaka neodređenog vremena i dolazi iza glagola TO BE.
REGULARLY je priloška oznaka neodređenog vremena i dolazi iza modalnog glagola MUST.
Upitni oblik modalnog glagola CAN tvori se inverzijom.
EVERY DAY je priloška oznaka određenog vremena i stavlja se na početak ili kraj rečenice.
USUALLY dolazi ispred glagola, a IN THE EVENING na kraj rečenice.
III. PUT THE UNDERLINED WORDS INTO THE PLURAL AND CHANGE THE SENTENCE APPROPRIATELY –
STAVITE U MNOŽINU POTCRTANE RIJEČI I PROMIJENITE REČENICE KAKO TREBA
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
A woman has the same rights as a man.
Žena ima ista prava kao i muškarac.
A train between these two towns runs twice a day.
Vlak između ova dva grada vozi dvaput dnevno.
A sheep in a European country is not a rare domestic animal.
Ovca u europskoj zemlji nije rijetka domaća životinja.
That activity is not very popular.
Ta aktivnost nije veoma popularna.
My child is a very good student.
Moje dijete je veoma dobar student.
I have a bad tooth.
Ja imam pokvaren zub.
He has a pain in his left foot.
Boli ga lijevo stopalo. – On ima bol u lijevom stopalu.
Women have the same rights as men.
Trains between these two towns run twice a day.
Sheep in European countries are not rare domestic animals.
Those activities are not very popular.
Our children are very good students.
We have bad teeth.
They have pains in their left feet.
DODATNA OBJAŠNJENJA
I. A ili an je neodređeni član i nema množine pa se u takvim rečenicama izostavlja.
II. Množina od THAT je THOSE, množina od THIS je THESE.
III. Pridjevi imaju isti oblik za jedninu i množinu npr. rare, popular.
IV. Množina WOMAN je nepravilna i glasi WOMEN, a od MAN je MEN.
V. SHEEP ima isti oblik u jednini i množini.
VI. Množina od CHILD je CHILDREN, od TOOTH je TEETH.
VII. Množina od HIS, HER, ITS je THEIR.
7
posjetite www.poslovniengleski4u.com
CD 1 - 3
PHRASES INCLUDING THE VERB – TO GET (IZRAZI KOJI UKLJUČUJU GLAGOL – TO GET)
TO GET – dobiti, primiti
Glagol TO GET se često koristi u kombinaciji s prijedlozima
to get up – ustati
I get up at 7:00 a.m. – Ja ustajem u 7 ujutro.
to get down – spustiti, skinuti
He got down her suitcase from the rack. – On je skinuo njezin kofer s prtljažnika.
to get in to – stići, prispijeći
When do we get in to Victoria station? – Kada stižemo na kolodvor Victoria?
to get through – proći (kroz)
They must first get through the customs. – Oni moraju prvo proći kroz carinu.
to get over – završiti
He will get over with his homework in 30 minutes. – On će završiti svoju zadaću za 30 minuta.
to get on – ući (na vlak, autobus), napredovati
We get on the train in 10 minutes. – Mi ulazimo u vlak za 10 minuta.
How are you getting on? – Kako ti ide? Kako Vi napredujete?
to get off – sići (s vlaka, autobusa)
We will get off at the next bus stop. – Sići ćemo na sljedećej autobusnoj stanici.
to get out – izaći
Get out of my house! – Izađi iz moje kuće!
to get over – preći preko nečega, prebroditi
It was hard for her to get over her husband’s death. – Bilo joj je teško prebroditi smrt muža.
to get into – ući
Get into the car immediately. – Uđi u auto smjesta.
to get to – prihvatiti se (nekog posla)
We are ready to get to serious work. – Mi smo spremni da se prihvatimo ozbiljnog posla.
to have got – imati, trebati
She has got to study every day. – Ona treba studirati svaki dan.
to get along – uspijevati, slagati se
How are you getting along with your boss? – Kako se slažeš sa svojim šefom?
8
posjetite www.poslovniengleski4u.com
CD 1 – 13
Unit 5 – Fifth unit (5th)
Jedinica 5 – Peta jedinica
MARKETING AND SALES STRATEGY
1
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Like any serious and global company we have always
relied very much on marketing and sales strategy. These
two activities have been the backbone of successful and
profitable operations not only in the United Kingdom but
all over the world.
We established our marketing department in our main
office years ago. Then little by little we adapted our
marketing strategy to specific conditions worldwide
simultaneously as we grew into a global player
conquering foreign markets. Our overseas subsidiaries
have adopted the main principles of this strategy and they
have been controlling their position thanks to their
strength and a constant support of our headquarters. Coordination, correct decision making and a full range of
right measures at the right time have been the crucial
moves of our management. A constant follow up and feed
back by both our own staff and our foreign partners have
secured us smooth operations in all foreign markets. With
all these prerequisites it is much easier now to run our
firm on a daily, monthly and annual basis. The financial
data and sales figures pouring in enable our analysts to
find out the real situation. In case something unpleasant
turns up we are ready to react promptly and take the right
measures to rectify the situation. Before we launch a new
product we carefully do the market research, analyse the
prices and the competition and take all the necessary
steps. We reconsider possible objections of our people on
the spot and never rush into a market without being
reassured that we have made the right decision. The
connections of our representatives with the local
authorities and even the government officials are some
guarantee of a successful investment. The natives,
working with our foreign subsidiaries are a valuable
source of all kinds of information. They know best what
suits their domestic markets, the taste of their countrymen
and can even suggest the right name of a product. The
packaging material must not hurt the feelings of potential
buyers. The choice of colours and motives must
correspond with the living habits of a particular nation.
Finally, we have to be aware of what segment of the
market we want to reach. If it is an expensive product,
aimed to reach high-end market it cannot be offered at the
same time to a low-end market under the same brand.
Branding has become highly appreciated by end – users.
Very often a product is sold because it has a global
appeal. A brand is worth a fortune nowadays, provided it
is widespread and recognised especially by the young.
We are not going to mention these famous brands but I
hope you know what we mean. Our R&D department
which stands for research and development has been an
inevitable part of our overall activities. It must not be
neglected as it is a passport to constant revenue and
earnings and consequently profits which assure our
worldwide leading edge.
MARKETING I STRATEGIJA PRODAJE
1
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Kao i bilo koja ozbiljna i globalna kompanija i mi smo se
uvijek oslanjali veoma mnogo na marketing i strategiju
prodaje. Te dvije aktivnosti su kičma uspješnih i
profitabilnih poslovanja ne samo u Ujedinjenom
Kraljevstvu već svuda širom svijeta.
Mi smo osnovali naš marketinški odjel u našem glavnom
uredu prije nekoliko godina. Zatim, malo po malo mi smo
prilagodili našu marketing strategiju posebnim uvjetima
širom svijeta istovremeno kako smo izrasli u globalnog
igrača osvajajući strana tržišta. Naše inozemne podružnice
prihvatile su glavne principe te strategije i one kontroliraju
svoje pozicije zahvaljujući svojoj snazi i stalnoj podršci
našeg stožera. Koordinacija, ispravno donošenje odluka
i cjeloviti raspon ispravnih mjera u pravo vrijeme su bili
(i još su) bitni potezi našeg menadžmenta. Stalno praćenje i
povratne informacije i od našeg vlastitog osoblja i naših
stranih partnera osiguravaju nam glatka (bez teškoća)
poslovanja na svim stranim tržištima. Sa svim tim
preduvjetima mnogo je lakše sada voditi našu tvrtku na
dnevnoj, mjesečnoj i godišnjoj osnovi. Financijski podatci
i brojke o prodaji koje se slijevaju, omogućavaju našim
analitičarima da otkriju stvarnu situaciju. U slučaju da se
nešto neugodno pojavi mi smo spremni da reagiramo
neposredno (smjesta) i poduzmemo ispravne mjere da
ispravimo tu situaciju. Prije nego što lansiramo novi
proizvod mi pažljivo obavimo tržišno ispitivanje,
analiziramo cijene i konkurenciju i učinimo sve potrebne
korake. Mi opetovano razmotrimo moguće prigovore naših
ljudi na licu mjesta i nikada ne žurimo na neko tržište bez
da smo se uvjerili da smo učinili pravu odluku. Veze naših
predstavnika s lokalnim vlastima i čak s vladinim
službenicima su neka garancija uspješne investicije.
Domaći radnici koji su kod naših stranih podružnica su
vrijedan izvor svih vrsti informacija. Oni najbolje znaju što
odgovara njihovim tržištima, ukus svojih zemljaka, i čak
i mogu predložiti pravo ime nekog proizvoda. Materijal za
pakovanje ne smije povrijediti osjećaje potencijalnih
kupaca. Izbor boja i motiva mora odgovarati s životnim
navikama određene zemlje. Konačno, moramo biti svjesni
koji segment tržišta mi želimo doseći. Ako je to neki skupi
proizvod, s kojim se cilja doprijeti do najskupljeg dijela
tržišta, on se ne može nuditi pod istom tržišnom markom.
Branding (stvaranje tržišne marke) postalo je visoko
cijenjeno od strane krajnjih korisnika.
Veoma često proizvod se prodaje jer je dostigao globalnu
privlačnost. Brand (tržišna marka) vrijedi bogatstvo u
današnje vrijeme pod uvjetom da je široko rasprostranjen
i priznat pogotovo od mladih. Ne namjeravamo spominjati
te poznate brandove, ali se nadam da Vi znate na što
mislimo. Naš R&D odjel što znači istraživanje i razvoj je
neizostavan dio naše sveukupne aktivnosti. On ne smije
biti zanemaren jer on je putovnica konstantnom prihodu,
zaradi i posljedično profitima koji osiguravaju našu vodeću
ulogu širom svijeta.
32
posjetite www.poslovniengleski4u.com
PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONS – FRAZE I IZRAZI
1. like any – nalik na bilo koju
2. global company – globalna kompanija
3. to rely on – pouzdavati se, oslanjati se
4. the backbone of successful – kičma uspješnog
5. operations – poslovanje
6. all over the world – širom svijeta
7. we established – mi smo osnovali, uspostavili
8. years ago – godinama prije
9. little by little – malo, pomalo
10. worldwide – po svijetu
11. simultaneously – istovremeno
12. conquering – osvajajući
13. foreign markets – strana tržišta
14. overseas subsidiary – prekomorska podružnica
15. main principles – glavni principi
16. they have been controlling – oni kontroliraju
17. thanks to – zahvaljujući
18. constant support – stalna podrška
19. headquarters – uprava, glavi štab, stožer
20. decision making – donošenje odluka
21. full range – puna paleta, puni raspon
22. at the right time – u pravo vrijeme
23. crucial moves – bitni potezi
24. follow up – praćenje
25. feed back – povratna informacija
26. by both – od oba, obadva
27. own staff – vlastito osoblje
28. foreign partners – strani partneri
29. have secured us – osigurali su nama
30. smooth operations – glatko poslovanje (bez problema)
31. daily – dnevni
32. monthly – mjesečni
33. annual – godišnji
34. financial data – financijski podatci
35. sales figures – brojke o prodaji
36. pouring in – koje se slijevaju u
37. to enable – omogućiti
38. analyst – analitičar
39. to find out – pronaći, saznati
40. in case – u slučaju da
41. something unpleasant – nešto neugodno
42. to turn up – pojaviti se
43. to be ready – biti spreman
44. to react promptly – reagirati smjesta (neposredno)
45. to take right measures – poduzeti prave mjere
46. to rectify – ispraviti
47. before we launch – prije nego što mi lansiramo
48. to do market research – uraditi istraživanje tržišta
49. to analyse – analizirati
50. competition – konkurencija, natjecanje
51. necessary steps – potrebne korake
52. to reconsider – ponovno razmotriti
53. possible objections – mogući prigovori
54. people on the spot – ljudi na licu mjesta
55. to rush – brzati, jurnuti
56. without being reassured – bez da smo uvjereni
57. to make a decision – donijeti odluku
58. connection – veza
59. local authority – lokalna vlast
60. even – čak
61. government officials – vladini službenici
62. some guarantee – neka garancija
63. successful investment – uspješna investicija
64. natives – domaći ljudi
65. with our foreign subsidiaries – kod naših stranih
podružnica
66. a valuable source – vrijedan izvor
67. of all kinds – svih vrsta
68. to suit their markets – da odgovara njihovim tržištima
69. can even suggest – mogu čak predlagati
70. must not hurt – ne smije povrijediti
71. potential buyers – potencijalni kupci
72. choice of colours – izbor boja
73. living habits – životne navike
74. of a particular nation – određene zemlje
75. to be aware – biti svjestan
76. segment of the market – tržišni segment
77. aimed to reach – cilj je doseći
78. high-end market – skupi (vrhunski) dio tržišta
79. it cannot be offered – ne može se ponuditi
80. low-end market – niski (jeftini) dio tržišta
81. under the same brand – pod istim brandom
82. highly appreciated – visoko cijenjen
83. end-user – krajnji korisnik
84. is sold – prodaje se
85. global appeal – svjetska privlačnost
86. to be worth – biti vrijedan (u novcu)
87. nowadays – u današnje vrijeme
88. provided – pod uvjetom
89. widespread – širom rasprostranjen
90. recognised – priznat
91. the young – mladi
92. what we mean – ono što mi mislimo
93. R&D (research and development) – istraživanje i razvoj
94. to stand for – stajati za (značiti)
95. inevitable – nezaobilazan, neizostavan
96. to be neglected – biti zanemaren
97. revenue – prihod (od prodaje)
98. earnings – zarada
99. consequently – posljedično
100. leading edge – predvodnik napretka, vodeća uloga
VOCABULARY
marketing (´ma:ktiŋ) – marketing
global (´glubl) – globalni, svjetski
activity (æk´tiviti) – aktivnost
profitable (pr´fitbl) – koji donosi profit
kingdom (´kiŋdm) – kraljevstvo
sales (seilz) – prodaja
to rely (ri´lai) – osloniti se, pouzdati se
backbone (bæk´bun) – kičma
operations (p´reinz) – poslovanje
to establish (i´stæbli) – osnovati,
ustanoviti
like (laik) – nalik, kao
strategy (stræ´tdi) – strategija
of (v) – od (koga ili čega)
united (ju´naitid) – ujedinjen/a/o
department (di´pa:tmnt) – odjel
then (ðen) – tada
33
posjetite www.poslovniengleski4u.com
years (j:z) – godine
specific (´spesifik) – posebni
constant (´knstnt) – stalan
by (bai) – od
own (un) – vlastiti
simultaneously (si´multeinjsli)
– istovremeno
principle (´prinsipl) – princip
strength (streŋ) – snaga
coordination (k:dinein) – koordinacija
making (´meikiŋ) – izrada, pravljenje
measure (´me:) – mjera
management (´mændment)
– upravljanje
research (ri´s:t) – istraživanje
competition (km´petin)
– konkurencija, natjecanje
easier (´i:zi) – lakši
annual (´ænjul) – godišnji/a
to pour in (p:) – slijevati se
to find out (faind´aut) – pronaći, saznati
case (keis) – slučaj
an official (´fil) – službenik
natives (´neitiviz) – domaći ljudi
kind (kaind) – vrsta
countrymen (´kntrimen) – zemljaci
material (mæ´tiril) – materijal
potential (´ptenl) – mogući
correspond (kr´spnd) – odgovarati
particular (p´tikjul) – određena
aware (´wε) – svjestan
spot (spt) – mjesto
reassured (ri´:d) – uvjeren
authorities (:´ritiz) – vlasti
government (g´vment) – vlada
low-end (´luend) – krajnji, najniži
branding (brændiŋ) – stvaranje tržišne
marke
sold (suld) – prodan
fortune (´f:tn) – bogatstvo
recognised (´rikgnaizd) – priznat
young (jŋ) – mladi/a
development (di´velpmnt) – razvoj
neglected (n´glektid) – zanemaren
to reach (ri:t) – doseći
high-end (´haiend) – krajnji , najviši
earnings (´:niŋgz) – zarada
little (litl) – malo
condition (kn´din) – uvjet
follow up (´flu p) – praćenje
both (bu) – oba, obadva
to secure (s´kju) – osigurati
grew (gru:) – prošlo vrijeme od ˝to grow˝
player (plei) – igrač
to control (kn´trul) – kontrolirati
constant (´knstnt) – stalan
correct (k´rekt) – ispravan
full (ful) – potpun
crucial (´kru:l ) – bitan
promptly (´prmtli) – neposredno,
odmah
to analyse (æn´laiz) – analizirati
necessary (´nessri) – potrebni
to reconsider (ri´knsid) – ponovno
razmotriti
basis (´beisiz) – osnova
to enable (i´neibl) – omogućiti
real (ri:l) – stvarna
unpleasant (n´pleznt) – neugodno
guarantee (ge´rnti) – garancija
valuable (´væljubl) – vrijedan
to suit (sju:t) – odgovarati
to suggest (s´dest) – predložiti
to hurt (h:t) – povrijediti, raniti
buyer (´bj) – kupac
living (´liviŋ) – životni
nation (´nein) – zemlja, nacija
objection (b´dekn) – prigovor
to rush (r) – juriti, žuriti
representative (repr´zenttiv)
– predstavnik
offered (´f:d) – ponuđen
under (´nd) – pod
to become (bi´km) – postati
appreciated (´priietid) – cijenjen
appeal (´pi:l) – privlačnost
provided (pr´vaidid) – pod uvjetom
especially (i´speli) – pogotovo
famous (´feims) – poznati
inevitable (i´nevitbl) – neizostavan
passport (pa:s´p:t) – putovnica
expensive (ik´spensiv) – skup
edge (ed) – rub
profit (´prfit) – profit
to adapt (´dæpt) – prilagoditi, prihvatiti
worldwide (wld´waid) – širom svijeta
feed back (fi:d ´bæk) – povratna
informacija
smooth (smu:) – gladak, bez teškoća
to grow/grew/grown – rasti
to conquer (´knk) – osvojiti
thanks (æŋks) – zahvaljujući
support (s´p:t) – podrška
decision (di´sin) – odluka
range (´reind) – raspon
move (mu:v) – potez
to rectify (´rekti:fai) – ispraviti
to launch (l:nt) – lansirati
price (prajs) – cijena
step (step) – korak
prerequisites (pri´rekwizits) – preduvjeti
monthly (´mnli) – mjesečni/a
data (´deit) – podatci
analyst (´ænlist) – analitičar
situation (sitju´ein) – situacija
to react (ri´ækt) – reagirati
investment (in´vestment) – investicija
source (s:s) – izvor
taste (teist) – ukus
packaging (´pækdiŋ) – ambalažni
feeling (´fi:liŋ) – osjećaj
colour (´kl) – boja
habit (´hæbit) – navika
finally (´fainli) – napokon, konačno
people (pi:pl) – ljudi, narod
being (´bi:ŋ) – bivanje
to need (ni:d) – trebati
even (i:vn) – čak
same (seim) – isti, isto
brand (brænd) – tržišna marka
highly (´haili) – visoko
end-user (end´juz:) – krajnji korisnik
worth (w:) – vrijedan
widespread (waid´spred) – široko
rasprostranjen
to mean (mi:n) – misliti
part (pa:t) – dio
to want (wnt) – željeti
aimed (´eimd) – sa ciljem
revenue (´revnju) – prihod (od prodaje)
to assure (´u) – osigurati
GRAMMAR - GRAMATIKA
PAST TENSE I PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
Gramatički dio ove nastavne jedinice posvetili smo razlici između PAST TENSE i PRESENT PERFECT TENSE. Već smo
prije naveli osnovna pravila. Da ih ponovimo!
PAST TENSE se upotrebljava za radnje koje su se dogodile u prošlosti te se navodi kada se to dogodilo.
Primjeri iz teksta (za PAST TENSE): We established our marketing department years ago.
(Mi smo ustanovili naš marketinški odjel godinama prije/prije mnogo godina.)
Then we adapted our strategy to specific conditions.
(Tada smo prilagodili našu strategiju na specifične uvjete.)
34
posjetite www.poslovniengleski4u.com
Nastavlja se sa iznošenjem određene misli i iz sadržaja se vidi da se to događalo u prošlosti.
Primjer iz teksta (za PRESENT PERFECT TENSE): We have always relied on marketing and sales strategy.
(Mi smo se uvijek pouzdavali /i još se pouzdajemo/ na marketing
i strategiju prodaje.) – ˝always˝ traži Prezent Perfect – pravilo III.
PRESENT PERFECT se upotrebljava, kao što je navedeno u UNIT 4 u sljedećim situacijama:
I.
Radnju koja je upravo završila.
II.
Radnju koja je završila u prošlosti ali se ne navodi kada – posljedice te radnje još se osjećaju.
III. Uz priložne oznake koje uključuju sadašnje vrijeme.
Our overseas subsidiaries have adapted the main principles of this strategy.
(Naše prekomorske podružnice su prihvatile glavne principe ove strategije.) – pravilo II.
Branding has become highly appreciated by end-users.
(Stvaranje tržišne marke je postalo visoko cijenjeno od strane krajnjih korisnika.) – pravilo II.
Da pokušamo rezimirati: Ako se navodi kada se nešto dogodilo u prošlosti MORA se upotrijebiti PAST TENSE.
Ako se ne navodi kada se nešto dogodilo, ili uz priložne oznake koje uključuju sadašnji trenutak, sadašnje
vrijeme (pravilo III) upotrijebite PRESENT PERFECT (ili SIMPLE ili CONTINUOUS).
Navedena pravila se prvenstveno odnose na britanski engleski. U američkom engleskom primjene
navedenih pravila nisu tako striktne.
CD 1 – 14
EXERCISES - VJEŽBE
I.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS – ODGOVORITE NA OVA PITANJA
What have we always relied on?
We have always relied on marketing and sales strategy.
What have these two activities been?
These two activities have been the backbone of successful and
profitable operations in the UK and all over the world.
When did we establish our marketing department?
We established our marketing department years ago.
What did we do little by little?
Little by little we adapted our marketing strategy to specific
conditions worldwide.
What have our overseas subsidiaries adopted?
Our overseas subsidiaries have adopted the main principles of this
strategy.
How have they been controlling their position?
They have been controlling their position thanks to their strength
and a constant support of our headquarters.
What have been the crucial moves of our management?
Co-ordination, correct decision making and a full range of right
measures at the right time have been the crucial moves of our
management.
What has secured us smooth operations in all foreign markets?
A constant follow up and feed back by both our own staff and our
foreign partners have secured us smooth operations in all foreign
markets.
What is much easier with all these prerequisites?
It is much easier to run our firm on daily, monthly and annual
basis.
What enables our analysts to find out the real situation?
The financial data and sales figures enable our analysts to find out
the real situation.
What can we do in case something unpleasant turns up?
In case something unpleasant turns up we can take the right
measures to rectify the situation.
1.
Na što smo se uvijek oslanjali?
2.
Što su te dvije aktivnosti?
3.
Kada smo ustanovili naš marketinški odjel?
4.
Što smo mi učinili malo po malo?
5.
Što su naše prekomorske podružnice
prihvatile?
6.
Kako one kontroliraju svoje pozicije?
7.
Što su bitni potezi našeg menadžmenta?
8.
Što nam je osiguralo glatko poslovanje na
svim stranim tržištima?
9.
Što je mnogo lakše sa svim tim preduvjetima?
10.
Što omogućava našim analitičarima da saznaju stvarnu situaciju?
11.
Što možemo mi uraditi u slučaju da se nešto
neugodno pojavi?
35
posjetite www.poslovniengleski4u.com
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
What do we do before we launch a new product?
Before we launch a new product we carefully do the market
research, analyse the prices and the competition and do all the
necessary steps.
What do we reconsider?
We reconsider possible objections of our people on the spot and
never rush into a market without being reassured that we have
made the right decision.
What is some guarantee of a successful investment?
The connections of our representatives with the local authorities
and even the government officials are some guarantee of a
successful investment.
Who is a valuable source of all kinds of information?
The natives working with our foreign subsidiaries are a valuable
source of all kinds of information.
What do they know best?
They know best what suits their domestic markets as well as the
taste of their countrymen.
What can they suggest?
They can even suggest the right name of a product.
What mustn’t hurt feelings of potential buyers?
The packaging material must not hurt the feelings of potential
buyers.
What do we have to be aware of?
We have to be aware of what segment of the market we want to
reach.
What are the two opposite segments of the market?
The two opposite segments of the market are the high-end market
and the low-end market.
What has become highly appreciated by end-users?
Branding has become highly appreciated by end-users.
Which are some of the world famous brands?
Coke, Nike, Adidas, Lacoste, Nokia, Sony are some of the most
famous brands.
What does R&D stand for?
R&D stands for research and development.
What does this department contribute to?
This department contributes to constant revenue, earnings and
consequently a steady (stalnom) profit.
12.
Što mi učinimo prije lansiranja novog proizvoda?
13.
Što mi opetovano razmotrimo?
14.
Što je određena garancija uspješne investicije?
15. Tko je vrijedan izvor svih vrsta informacija?
16.
Što oni znaju najbolje?
17.
Što oni mogu predložiti (sugerirati)?
18.
Što ne smije povrijediti osjećaje potencijalnog kupca?
19.
Čega moramo biti svjesni?
20.
Koja su dva suprotna segmenta tržišta?
21.
22.
Što je postalo visoko cijenjeno od krajnjih
korisnika?
Koje su najpoznatije svjetske marke?
23.
Što znači R&D?
24.
Čemu taj odjel doprinosi?
Po završetku vježbanja prekrijte lijevu stranu (engleski tekst) i prevedite pitanja s hrvatskog na engleski
II. PUT THE VERBS IN BRACKETS INTO EITHER PRESENT PERFECT OR PAST TENSE (STAVITE GLAGOLE
U ZAGRADAMA U PRESENT PERFECT ili PAST TENSE):
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
We …………… …………… (to come) here to stay. – Mi smo došli ovdje da ostanemo.
We have come here to stay. (pravilo II)
They …………… (to come) here two days ago. – Oni su došli ovdje prije dva dana.
They came here two days ago.
This strategy …………… (to be) adopted last year. – Ova strategija je bila prihvaćena prošle godine.
This strategy was adopted last year.
Who …………... just …………… (to arrive) at school? – Tko je upravo stigao u školu?
Who has just arrived at school? (pravilo II)
She …………... (to make) a correct decision last month. – Ona je ispravno odlučila prošli mjesec.
She made a correct decision last month.
Last year our company …………… (to invest) a lot of money. – Prošle godine naša kompanija je investirala puno novaca.
Last year our company invested a lot of money.
Our company …………… …………… (to invest) a lot of money recently. – Naša kompanija je investirala mnogo novaca
nedavno. (pravilo III)
Our company has invested a lot of money recently.
My friends …………… …………… (to find out) the truth about his death – Moji prijatelji su saznali istinu o njegovoj smrti.
My friends have found out the truth about his death. (ne precizira se kada se to dogodilo)
36
posjetite www.poslovniengleski4u.com
9.
…………… …………… (to launch) this product? – Kada su oni lansirali ovaj proizvod?
When did they launch this product?
10. …………… they …………… (to launch) this product? – Jesu li oni lansirali ovaj proizvod?
Have they launched this product?
III. PUT THE SENTENCES FROM THE PREVIOUS EXERCISE INTO THE INTERROGATIVE AND NEGATIVE
FORMS (STAVITE REČENICE IZ PRETHODNE VJEŽBE U UPITNE I NIJEČNE OBLIKE):
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Have we come here to stay? – We haven’t come here to stay.
Did they come here two days ago? – They didn’t come here two days ago.
Was this strategy adopted last year? – This strategy wasn’t adopted last year.
Who has just arrived at school? – Nobody has just arrived at school.
Did she make a correct decision? – She didn’t make a correct decision.
Did our company invest a lot of money? – Our company didn’t invest a lot of money.
Has our company invested a lot of money recently? – Our company hasn’t invested a lot of money recently.
Have my friends found out the truth about his death? – My friend’s haven’t found out the truth about his death.
Did they launch this product last week? – They didn't launch this product last week.
Have they launched this product? – They haven’t launched this product.
IV. TRANSLATE THE SENTENCES FROM EXERCISE II FROM CROATIAN BACK INTO ENGLISH (PREVEDITE
REČENICE IZ II. VJEŽBE S HRVATSKOG NA ENGLESKI).
CD 1 – 15
PHRASES WITH THE VERB TO BE – IZRAZI S GLAGOLOM TO BE
TO BE – biti
Glagol TO BE se često koristi u kombinaciji s prijedlozima:
to be over – zavšiti
Our class was over at 3:00 o’clock. – Naš sat (nastava) je završio u 3 sata.
to be in – biti kod kuće (u uredu)
Father is not in. He is still in his office. – Otac nije kod kuće. On je još u svom uredu.
to be out – biti izvan kuće (vani)
Where is Mary? She is out with her boyfriend. – Gdje je Mary? Ona je vani sa svojim dečkom.
to be on – Biti na programu(TV, kino)
What is at the Cinestar tonight? – Što se prikazuje u Cinestaru večeras?
to be off – otići
We are off. See you tomorrow. – Mi odlazimo. Vidimo se sutra.
to be up to – biti spreman (na nešto), smjerati
What are they up to? – Što oni smjeraju?
to be down – pokvaren, neispravan
The computer system is down. – Računalni sistem se pokvario.
to be after something – pokušati nešto dobiti
She is after your job. – Ona pokušava dobiti tvoj posao.
37
posjetite www.poslovniengleski4u.com
CD 2 – 7
Unit 12 – Twelfth unit (12th)
Jedinica 12 – Dvanaesta jedinica
THE STOCK EXCHANGE
1
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
Profit rules all over the world. Sell, sell, sell is the must of
any company, firm, corporation, holding. They sell
groceries, commodities, services, all kinds of
merchandise. But there is a special institution which sells
all kinds of securities like shares in Britain or stocks in the
USA, bonds, derivatives, futures and some other financial
papers.
The Stock Exchange is the heart of the economic life of
any country with a free economy. It is the market-place
where
companies offer their shares in order to raise
funds for enlarging their business, their assets and
consequently to increase their profits.
How is it done? Can we knock at the Stock Exchange
door and purchase one hundred shares of say Nike or
Coke? No, it is not that simple. In order to trade on the
Stock Exchange we must have a broker. A broker is a
financial expert with a license to buy and sell securities on
the Stock Exchange.
To obtain such a license he or she has to take some
professional exams. After passing these exams a person
gets a license to operate in this line of business.
So, when you decide to try your luck, to invest some
money in securities you look for a broker or a brokerage
company that will represent you in your transactions.
If you think that you know the market and that you do not
need any professional piece of advice you can make your
own choice. You can invest in companies that you
consider profitable and wait to see whether your pick was
the right one. These purchased shares give you the right to
dividends if the company makes a profit at the end of a
fiscal year. If the value of these shares rises you can sell
them and make some money. Or, in the worst case you
can lose some money if you choose a wrong company, the
one which makes a loss instead of a profit.
Trading at the Stock Exchange can be more secure if you
invest in bonds. Bonds are securities which bring you a
fixed interest at the time of maturity, that is the time when
these bonds can be cashed. Bonds are more secure because
the state guarantees their value and their yield. No one
guarantees that you will make a profit if you deal in
shares.
The biggest Stock Exchanges are in the capitals of the
leading world powers, Tokyo, Frankfurt, London, New
York.
Every day they issue indexes which indicate how a given
state is running its economy. If the index is stable or rising
it reflects an efficient economy, low unemployment and a
bright future. In the opposite case the situation is bad,
unemployment is rising and the future looks dismal.
Bonds and shares are not the only securities traded on
stock exchanges. Nowadays there are derivatives, futures
and some other papers.
There are some institutions which control the operations
and regularity of stock exchange proceedings. Central
depository agencies keep track of all transactions and the
owners of stocks are recorded in their computer system.
BURZA
1
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Profit vlada svuda po svijetu. Prodati, prodati, prodati je
imperativ bilo koje kompanije, tvrtke, korporacije,
holdinga. Oni prodaju prehrambene artikle, robu, usluge,
sve vrsti robe. Ali postoji posebna institucija koja prodaje
sve vrste vrijednosnica (vrijednosnih papira) kao što su
dionice u Britaniji ili akcije u SAD-u, obveznice,
derivativi, buduće vrijednosti i neke druge novčane papire.
Burza je srce gospodarskog života bilo koje zemljes
slobodnim privređivanjem. To je tržnica gdje kompanije
nude svoje dionice sa ciljem prikupljanja fondova
(sredstava) za proširenje svojeg poslovanja, svoje imovine
i posljedično povećanja svojih profita.
Kako se to čini? Možemo li mi pokucati na vrata burze
i kupiti recimo sto dionica Nike-a ili Coca Cole? No, to
nije tako jednostavno. Da biste trgovali na burzi mi
moramo imati brokera (posrednika). Broker je financijski
stručnjak sa licencom kupnje i prodaje vrijednosnica na
burzi.
Za pribavljanje takve licence on ili ona treba polagati neke
stručne ispite. Nakon prolaženja (što prođu) tih ispita
osoba dobiva licencu za poslovanje u tom području
biznisa.
Tako, kada Vi odlučite iskušati Vašu sreću, investirati
nešto novca u vrijednosnice Vi potražite nekog brokera ili
brokersku kompaniju koja će Vas predstavljati u Vašim
transakcijama.
Ako Vi mislite da poznajete tržište i da Vi ne trebate neki
stručni savjet Vi možete sami izabrati. Vi možete
investirati u kompanije koje Vi smatrate profitabilnima
i čekati da vidite da li je Vaš izbor bio ispravan. Te
kupljene dionice daju Vam pravo na dividende ako
kompanija ostvari profit na kraju fiskalne godine. Ako
vrijednost tih dionica poraste Vi ih možete prodati i
zaraditi nešto novaca. Ili u najgorem slučaju Vi možete
izgubiti nešto novaca ako izaberete krivu kompaniju, onu
koja napravi gubitak umjesto profita.
Trgovanje na burzi može biti sigurnije ako Vi investirate
u obveznice. Obveznice su vrijednosnice koje donose
određenu kamatu u vrijeme dospijeća, to jest u vrijeme
kada se te obveznice mogu naplatiti. Obveznice su
sigurnije jer država garantira njihovu vrijednost i njihov
prinos. Nitko Vam ne garantira da ćete steći profit ako
poslujete dionicama.
Najveće burze su u glavnim gradovima vodećih svjetskih
sila, Tokia, Frankfurta, Londona, New Yorka.
Svaki dan one izdaju indekse koji pokazuju kako određena
država vodi svoje gospodarstvo. Ako je indeks stabilan ili
raste on odražava učinkovito privređivanje, nisku
nezaposlenost i sjajnu budućnost. U suprotnom slučaju
situacija je loša, nezaposlenost raste i budućnost izgleda
mračno.
Obveznice i dionice nisu jedine vrijednosnice kojima se
trguje na burzama. U današnje vrijeme postoje derivativi,
buduće vrijednosti dionica i neki drugi vrijednosni papiri.
Postoje neke institucije koje kontroliraju poslovanje i
regularnost burzovnih procedura. Centralna (Središnja)
91
posjetite www.poslovniengleski4u.com
60
SEC – Securities and Exchange Commission controls the
regularity and prosecutes maldoings like inside
information which is the most frequent breach of law.
Insiders are people who are well informed about potential
mergers and other financial transactions. They are bound
by law not to disclose these secrets and if they do, they are
prosecuted.
60
depozitarna agencija prati sve transakcije i vlasnici dionica
su upisani u njihov kompjuterski sistem.
SEC – Burzovna komisija kontrolira regularnost i sudski
goni prekršaje kao što je davanje unutarnjih informacija
koje je najčešće kršenje zakona. „Insaideri“ su osobe koje
su dobro informirane o mogućim spojanima i ostalim
financijskim transakcijama. Oni su vezani zakonom da ne
otkrivaju te tajne i ako to oni učine sudski su gonjeni.
PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONS – FRAZE I IZRAZI
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
all over the world – svuda po svijetu
it is the must – to je imperativ
any firm – bilo koja tvrtka
all kinds of merchandise – sve vrste robe
securities like shares – vrijednosnice kao što su dionice
securities – vrijednosni papiri
derivatives – posebni oblici vrijednosnih papira
futures – posebni vrijednosni papiri koji se naplaćuju
u budućnosti
9. the heart of any – srce bilo kojeg
10. free economy – slobodno privređivanje
11. market-place – tržnica, mjesto prodaje
12. in order to – da bi
13. to raise – prikupiti, podići
14. funds – fondovi, novčana sredstva
15. for enlarging – za proširenje
16. consequently – ono što slijedi, posljedično
17. it is done – to je učinjeno
18. to knock at – pokucati na
19. let’s say – recimo
20. that simple – tako jednostavno
21. to trade – trgovati
22. to buy – kupiti
23. to purchase – nabaviti
24. to acquire – steći
25. a licence to buy – dopuštenje za kupovanje
26. to take an exam – polagati ispit
27. to pass an exam – položiti ispit
28. such a licence – takvu dozvolu
29. he has to – on treba
30. to try one’s luck – probati svoju sreću
31. to invest in – uložiti u
32. a line of business – vrsta biznisa
33. you look for – ti potražiš
34. to represent you – predstavljati Vas
35. you don’t need – Vi ne trebate
36. professional advice – stručni savjet
37. make your own choice – načiniti vlastiti izbor
38. you consider profitable – ti smatraš unosnim
39. whether – da li
40. these purchased shares – te nabavljene dionice
41. rights to dividends – prava na dividende
42. to make profit – steći profit
43. fiscal year – financijska (fiskalna) godina
44. to make money – zaraditi novac
45. in the worst case – u najgorem slučaju
46. to lose money – izgubiti novac
47. bad/worse/the worst – loš/lošiji/najlošiji
48. if you chose – ako bi ti izabrao
49. a wrong company – krivu kompaniju
50. to make a loss – steći gubitak
51. instead of – umjesto
52. trading at – trgovanje na
53. interest – kamate
54. time of maturity – vrijeme dospijeća
55. can be cashed – mogu biti naplaćene
56. yield – prinos, dobit
57. to deal in – poslovati sa (predmet poslovanja)
58. to deal with – poslovati sa (osobom, tvrtkom)
59. leading world powers – vodeće svjetske sile
60. to issue indexes – izdavati indekse
61. how to run – kako voditi
62. to reflect – odražavati
63. efficient economy – učinkovito privređivanje
64. low unemployment – niska nezaposlenost
65. bright future – sjajna budućnost
66. opposite case – suprotan slučaj
67. to look dismal – izgledati mračno
68. traded – s kojime se trguje
69. operations – poslovanje
70. proceedings – principi, pravila postupanja
71. Central Depositary Agency – Središnja depozitarna
agencija
72. to keep track – pratiti
73. to be recorded – biti upisan
74. Securities and Exchange Commision – Burzovna komisija
75. to prosecute – sudski goniti
76. maldoings – nepravilnosti
77. inside information – povjerljiva informacija
78. breach of law – kršenje zakona
79. potential mergers – mogućim spajanjima
80. to be bound by law – zakonom su vezani
81. to disclose – objaviti, otkriti
82. they are prosecuted – sudski su gonjeni
92
posjetite www.poslovniengleski4u.com
VOCABULARY
stock (stk) – dionica, akcija
to rule (ru:l) – vladati, upravljati
to sell (sel) – prodati
company (´kmpni) – kompanija
stock (stk) – dionica (A.E)
corporation (k:rp´rein) – korporacija
service (´svi:s) – usluga
merchandise (´mtndaiz) – roba
institution (insti´tju:n) – institucija
to offer (´f:) – nuditi
to raise (reiz) – prikupiti
enlarging (in´la:diŋ) – proširenje
consequently (kns´kwentli) –
posljedično
at (æt) – na, kod
hundred (´hndrd) – sto
Coke (kuk) – Coca Cola
to trade (treid) – trgovati
share (ε) – dionica, akcija (B.E.)
bond (bnd) – obveznica
futures (´fju:tz) – vrijednosni papiri koji
se obračunavaju u budućnosti
papers (´peip:z) – papiri
economic (ik´nmik) – gospodarski
with (wi) – s, sa
to issue (´isju:) – izdavati
given (givn) – dana, određena
rising (´raiziŋ) – u porastu
unemployment (an´implimnt) –
nezaposlenost
dismal (´dizml) – mračan, taman
to control (k´ntrul) – kontrolirati
proceeding (pr´si:diŋ) – procedura
expert (eks´p:t) – stručnjak
to obtain (b´tein) – steći, dobiti
professional (pr´fenl) – stručni
person (´p:sn) – osoba
line (lain) – crta, linija, red
defined (di´faind) – određen, definiran
cashed (kæt) – naplaćene
depositary (di´pzitri) – depozitarni/a
track (træk) – trag, podatak
commission (k´min) – komisija
inside (´insaid) – unutarnji, povjerljiv
potential (p´tenl) – moguć
secret (´sikri:t) – tajna
capital (´kæpitl) – glavni grad
exchange (iks´teind) – burza, razmjena
all over (:l´uv) – svuda
must (mst) – nešto što se mora (imperativ)
holding (´huldiŋ) – holding
commodities (´kmditiz) – razna roba
all kinds (:l´kaindz) – sve vrste
there is (ε´riz) – postoji
which (wit) – koji/a/e
their (ε) – njihove, svoje
funds (fndz) – fondovi, sredstva
business (´biznis) – posao, biznis
how (hau) – kako
can I (kæn) ? – mogu li ja?
door (d:) – vrata
say (sei) – recimo
that (æt) – tako
securities (se´kju:ritiz) – vrijednosnice
Britain (britn) – Britanija
derivatives (de´rivtivz) – derivativi,
izvedenice, posebni oblik
vrijednosnih papira
financial (fai´nænl) – financijski
life (laif) – život
free (fri:) – slobodni
index (indeks) – indeks, popis
to run (rn) – voditi, trčati
efficient (e´fint) – učinkovit
bright (brait) – sjajan
opposite (´pzit) – suprotan
nowadays (nau´deiz) – u današnje
vrijeme
central (´sentrl) – središnji/a
license (´laisns) – licenca, dozvola
such (st) – takvu, takav
exam (ig´zæm) – ispit
to get (get) – dobiti
to decide (di´said) – odlučiti
interest (´intrest) – kamata
state (steit) – država
agency (´eidnsi) – agencija
owner (´un) – vlasnik
to prosecute (´prsjkju:t) – sudski goniti
breach (bri:t) – kršenje
bound (baund) – vezan
yield (ji:ld) – dobit, prinos
leading (´li:diŋ) – vodeći
profit (´prfit) – profit
world (w:ld) – svijet, svjetski
any (´æni) – bilo koji/a
firm (f:m) – tvrtka
groceries (´grusri:z) – svakodnevni
prehrambeni artikli
special (´spel) – poseban, specijalna
marketplace (ma:kit´pleis) – tržnica
in order (in´:d) – sa svrhom, da bi
for (f:) – za
assets (´æsets) – imovina
done (dn) – učinjeno
to knock (nk) – pokucati
to purchase (p:ts) – nabaviti, kupiti
Nike (naik, naiki) – Nike
simple (simpl) – jednostavno
like (laik) – kao
U.S.A. (ju:es´ei) – The United States
of America
some (sm) – neki
other (´) – ostali
heart (ha:t) – srce
country (´kntri) – zemlja
economy (i´knmi) – gospodarstvo
to indicate (´indikeit) – označiti
stable (steibl) – stabilan
low (lu) – nizak
future (´fjut) – budućnost
bad (bæd) – loš, zao
futures (fju:tz) – buduće transakcije
regularity (´regjulæriti ) – regularnost
broker (´bruk) – broker, posrednik
to buy (bai) – kupiti
to take (teik) – uzeti
after (´a:ft:) – nakon, poslije
to operate (´preit) – poslovati
to bring (briŋ) – donijeti
maturity (mæ´tjuriti) – dospjelost,
dozrelost
to keep (ki:p) – držati, voditi
to record (ri´k:d) – snimiti, zabilježiti
maldoing (´mælduiŋ) – prekršaj
law (l:) – zakon
to disclose (dis´klu:z) – otkriti, objaviti
to deal (di:l) – poslovati
power (pau) – sila, snaga
93
posjetite www.poslovniengleski4u.com
GRAMMAR - GRAMATIKA
MODAL VERB CAN
Već smo u prethodnoj nastavnoj jedinici objasnili što su to MODAL VERBS.
Obradili smo glagol MUST i naučili da je infinitiv od MUST – TO HAVE TO.
Infinitiv od glagola CAN je TO BE ABLE – biti sposoban za. Od glagola TO BE znamo napraviti sva glagolska vremena. Ponovit
ćemo sva ta vremena. Modalni glagoli imaju samo SIMPLE oblik pa nam taj zadatak nije tako težak.
CAN ima samo Present i Past Tense i ti oblici su kako slijedi:
POTVRDNI OBLIK
I can
you can
he can
she can
it can
we can
you can
they can
PRESENT
UPITNI OBLIK
can I?
can you?
can he?
can she?
can it?
can we?
can you?
can they?
POTVRDNI OBLIK
I could (kud)
you could
he could
she could
it could
we could
you could
they could
UPITNI OBLIK
could I?
could you?
could he?
could she?
could it?
could we?
could you?
could they?
PAST
NIJEČNI OBLIK
I cannot (can’t)
you cannot (can’t)
he cannot (can’t)
she cannot (can’t)
it cannot (can’t)
we cannot (can’t)
you cannot (can’t)
they cannot (can’t)
NIJEČNI OBLIK
I could not (couldn’t)
you could not (couldn’t)
he could not (couldn’t)
she could not (couldn’t)
it could not (couldn’t)
we could not (couldn’t)
you could not (couldn’t)
they could not (couldn’t)
Ostala vremena su:
PRESENT PERFECT: I have been able to… – ja sam mogao
PAST PERFECT: I had been able to… – ja bijah mogao
˝GOING TO˝ FUTURE: I am going to be able to… – ja ću moći
FUTURE: I will be able to… – ja ću moći
CONDITIONAL: I would be able to… – ja bih mogao
COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES – STUPNJEVANJE PRIDJEVA
Osnovno pravilo za komparaciju (stupnjevanje) pridjeva je pravilo koje kaže:
KOMPARATIV (COMPARATIVE) pridjeva se tvori tako da se jednosložnom pridjevu dodaje nastavak -ER.
Primjeri: strong – stronger (jak – jači)
tall – taller (visok – viši)
weak – weaker (slab – slabiji)
Višesložni pridjevi tvore komparativ koristeći MORE (više) ispred pridjeva.
Primjeri: beautiful – more beautiful (lijep – ljepši)
expensive – more expensive (skup – skuplji)
important – more important (važan – važniji)
Iza komparativa dolazi riječ THAN (æn) – nego, od.
SUPERLATIV (SUPERLATIVE) pridjeva se tvori tako da se jednosložnom pridjevu dodaje nastavak –EST a ispred pridjeva se
stavlja određeni član.
Primjeri: strong – the strongest (jak – najjači)
tall – the tallest (visok – najviši)
weak – the weakest (slab – najslabiji)
Višesložni pridjevi tvore superlativ koristeći MOST (najviše) ispred pridjeva uz određeni član.
Primjeri: beautiful – the most beautiful (lijep – najljepši)
expensive – the most expensive (skup – najskuplji)
important – the most important (važan – najvažniji)
94
posjetite www.poslovniengleski4u.com
Pored gore navedenih pravila moramo vas upoznati s određenim brojem pridjeva koji imaju nepravilnu komparaciju. Ti pridjevi su
sljedeći:
POSITIVE
COMPARATIVE
SUPERLATIVE
good (gud) – dobar
the best (best) – najbolji
better (´bet) – bolji
bad (bæd) – loš
worse (w:s) – lošiji
the worst (w:st) – najlošiji
little (litl) – malen
less (les) – manji
the least (li:st) – najmanji
many (´mæni) – mnogo
more (m:) – više
the most (must) – najviše
much (mt) – mnogo
more (m:) – više
the most (must) – najviše
late (leit) – kasan
the latest (´leitist) – najkasniji, najnoviji
later (´leit) – kasniji
late (leit) – kasan
the last (la:st) – posljednji
latter (´læt) – drugi od dva /suprotni
izraz je former (´f:m) – prvi od
dvojice
far (fa:) – dalek
farther (fa:) – dalji
the farthest (fa:ist) – najdalji
further (f:) – dalji
the furthest (f:ist) – najdalji
COMPARISON OF ADVERBS – STUPNJEVANJE PRILOGA
I prilozi se mogu stupnjevati. Prilozi su riječi koje se dodaju glagolima da odrede kako i kada se vrši radnja.
Primjeri: On čita brzo. – He reads fast.
Ona čisti dobro. – She cleans well.
Razlika u komparaciji pridjeva i priloga je u tome što prilozi u superlativu nemaju određen član – THE.
Primjeri: He reads well. – On čita dobro.
She reads better. – Ona čita bolje.
We read best. – Mi čitamo najbolje.
CD 2 – 8
EXERCISES - VJEŽBE
I. ASK AND ANSWER
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
What rules all over the world?
1.
Profit rules all over the world.
What is the must of any company?
2.
To sell is the must of any company.
Name what they sell?
3.
They sell groceries, commodities, services, all kinds of merchandise.
What do you call the institution which sells shares and bonds?
4.
The Stock Exchange is the institution which sells shares and bonds.
Why do companies offer their shares?
5.
Companies offer their shares in order to raise funds for enlarging
their business.
Can we simply knock at the door of a Stock Exchange to buy shares or 6.
bonds?
No, we cannot knock at the door of any such institution to buy
shares or bonds.
What can we do though?
7.
We can get a broker and do business under his guidance.
How can one become a broker?
8.
In order to become a broker you have to pass several exams.
What does a license entitle him or her to do?
9.
A license entitles him or her to buy and sell securities.
In what case can you make your own choice what securities you can 10.
buy?
In case that you think you know the market well, you can make
your own choice what to buy.
Što vlada svuda po svijetu?
Što je imperativ bilo koje kompanije?
Imenuj ono što oni prodaju?
Kako se naziva institucija koja prodaje
dionice i obveznice?
Zašto kompanije nude svoje obveznice?
Možemo li mi jednostavno pokucati na vrata
burze i kupiti dionice ili obveznice?
Što ipak možemo učiniti?
Kako se postaje broker?
Što licenca omogućava njemu ili njoj?
U kojem slučaju Vi možete sami izabrati koje
vrijednosnice Vi možete kupiti?
95
posjetite www.poslovniengleski4u.com
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
What rights do these purchased shares give to you?
These purchased shares give to you the rights to dividends if the
company makes a profit at the end of a fiscal year.
When can you make some extra profit?
You can make some extra profit if you sell the shares of these
companies whose value is rising.
What can happen if you choose a wrong company?
If you choose a wrong company you can lose your money.
When can trading be more secure?
Trading can be more secure if you invest in bonds.
What kind of securities are bonds?
Bonds are securities which bring you the fixed interest at the time
of maturity.
What does this term ˝maturity˝ mean?
Maturity is the period of time defined in advance when the bonds
can be cashed.
Who guarantees the value and the yield of bonds?
The state guarantees the value and the yield of bonds.
Where are the biggest Stock Exchanges?
The biggest Stock Exchanges are in Tokyo, Frankfurt, London,
New York, the capitals of the leading world economic powers.
What do these Stock Exchanges issue every day?
They issue indexes which indicate how these countries are running
their economies.
What does a rising or a stable index indicate?
A rising or a stable index indicates efficient economy.
What about an opposite case?
An opposite case indicates high unemployment and a bad situation
and a dismal future.
Are there any other securities?
Yes, nowadays there are some other securities like derivatives and
futures.
Who controls the operations and regularity of Stock Exchange
proceedings?
SEC – Securities and Exchange Commission controls the operations
and regularity of financial proceedings.
What do you call the body which keeps the track of all the transactions?
CDA – Central Depositary Agency keeps track and registers all the
transactions.
Is inside trading allowed in this activity?
No, inside trading is not allowed in this activity and any breach of
law is prosecuted.
11.
Koja prava Vam daju te kupljene dionice?
12.
Kada se može ostvariti nešto dodatnog
prihoda?
13.
14.
Što se može dogoditi ako izabereš krivu
kompaniju?
Kada trgovanje može biti sigurnije?
15.
Koja vrsta vrijednosnica su obveznice?
16.
Što znači taj termin “dospijeće”?
17.
Tko garantira vrijednost i prinos obveznica?
18.
Gdje su najveće burze?
19.
Što te burze izdaju svaki dan?
20.
Što rastući ili stabilni indeks označava?
21.
A što je sa suprotnim slučajem?
22.
Ima li nekih drugih vrijednosnica?
23.
Tko kontrolira poslovanje i regularnost
postupaka na burzi?
24.
Kako se zove tijelo koje registrira (prati) sve
transakcije?
25.
Da li je trgovanje uz poznavanje unutarnje
situacije dovoljno u toj aktivnosti?
II. PUT THE FOLLOWING PHRASES INTO PRESENT PERFECT, PAST, PAST PERFECT, ˝GOING TO˝ FUTURE,
FUTURE AND CONDITIONAL
TRANSLATION
1. We can speak English.
PRESENT PERFECT
1. We have been able to speak English.
– Mi smo mogli govoriti engleski.
PAST
2. We could speak English.
– Mi smo mogli govoriti engleski.
PAST PERFECT
3. We had been able to speak English.
– Mi smo mogli govoriti engleski.
˝GOING TO˝ FUTURE
4. We are going to be able to speak English. – Mi ćemo moći govoriti engleski.
FUTURE
5. We will be able to speak English.
– Mi ćemo moći govoriti engleski.
CONDITIONAL
6. We would be able to speak English.
– Mi bismo mogli govoriti engleski.
2.
She can help me.
PRESENT PERFECT
PAST
PAST PERFECT
˝GOING TO˝ FUTURE
FUTURE
CONDITIONAL
1. She has been able to help me.
2. She could help me.
3. She had been able to help me.
4. She is going to be able to help me.
5. She will be able to help me.
6. She would be able to help me.
– Ona je mogla pomoći meni.
– Ona mi je mogla pomoći.
– Ona mi je mogla pomoći.
– Ona će moći pomoći meni.
– Ona će moći pomoći meni.
– Ona bi mogla pomoći meni.
96
posjetite www.poslovniengleski4u.com
3.
4.
They cannot fight any more.
PRESENT PERFECT
PAST
PAST PERFECT
˝GOING TO˝ FUTURE
FUTURE
CONDITIONAL
1. They haven’t been able to fight any more.
2. They could not fight anymore.
3. They had not been able to fight any more.
4. They are not going to be able to fight
any more.
5. They will not be able to fight any more.
6. They would not be able to fight any more.
You can pay in cash.
PRESENT PERFECT
PAST
PAST PERFECT
˝GOING TO˝ FUTURE
FUTURE
CONDITIONAL
1. You have been able to pay in cash.
2. You could pay in cash.
3. You had been able to pay in cash.
4. You are going to be able to pay in cash.
5. You will be able to pay in cash.
6. You would be able to pay in cash.
– Oni se ne mogu više boriti.
– Oni se nisu mogli više boriti.
– Oni se nisu mogli više boriti.
– Oni se nisu mogli više boriti.
– Oni se neće moći više boriti.
– Oni se neće moći više boriti.
– Oni se ne bi mogli više boriti.
– Ti možeš platiti u gotovom novcu.
– Ti si mogao platiti u gotovom novcu.
– Ti si mogao platiti u gotovom novcu.
– Ti si bio mogao platiti u gotovom novcu.
– Ti ćeš moći platiti u gotovom novcu.
– Ti ćeš moći platiti u gotovom novcu.
– Ti bi mogao platiti u gotovom novcu.
III. TURN THE ABOVE SENTENCES INTO THE INTERROGATIVE AND NEGATIVE FORMS (Prebaci gornje rečenice
u upitni i niječni oblik):
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Have we been able to speak English? – We haven’t been able to speak English.
Could we speak English? – We could not speak English.
Had we been able to speak English? – We had not been able to speak English.
Are we going to be able to speak English? – We are not going be able to speak English.
Will we be able to speak English? – We will not be able to speak English.
Would we be able to speak English? – We would not be able to speak English.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Has she been able to help me? – She hasn’t been able to help me.
Could she help me? – She could not help me.
Had she been able to help me? – She had not been able to help me.
Is she going to be able to help me? – She is not going to be able to help me.
Will she be able to help me? – She will not be able to help me.
Would she be able to help me? – She would not be able to help me.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Have they been able to fight any more? – They haven’t been able to fight any more.
Could they fight any more? – They could not fight any more.
Had they been able to fight any more? – They had not been able to fight any more.
Are they going to be able to fight any more? They are not going to be able to fight any more.
Will they be able to fight any more? – They will not be able to fight any more.
Would they be able to fight any more? – They would not be able to fight any more.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Have you been able to pay in cash? – You haven’t been able to pay in cash.
Could you pay in cash? – You could not pay in cash.
Had you been able to pay in cash? – You had not been able to pay in cash.
Are you going to be able to pay in cash? – You are not going to be able to pay in cash.
Will you be able to pay in cash? – You will not be able to pay in cash.
Would you be able to pay in cash? – You would not be able to pay in cash.
IV. PUT IN THE COMPARATIVE OR SUPERLATIVE AS REQUIRED:
1.
John is ……………………. (hard-working) than Peter.
(more hard-working)
(John je marljiviji od Petra.)
2.
George is ……………………. (good) of all the students.
(the best)
(George je najbolji od svih studenata.)
3.
Which of these pictures is ……………………. (beautiful)?
(the most beautiful)
(Koja od ovih slika je najljepša?)
97
posjetite www.poslovniengleski4u.com
4.
This is ……………………. (exciting) film I have ever seen.
(the most exciting)
Ovo je najuzbudljiviji film koji sam ikada vidio.
5.
The Himalayas are ……………………. (high) than the Alps.
(higher)
(Himalaje su više od Alpa.)
6.
He has bought ……………………. (expensive) gifts he has ever had.
(the most expensive)
(On je kupio najskuplje poklone koje je ikada imao.)
7.
Are you ……………………. (happy) now than you were ……………………. (late) year?
(happier)
(last)
(Jesi li ti sretniji sada nego što si bio prošle godine?)
8.
We can walk ……………………. (far) than you.
(farther)
(Mi možemo hodati dalje od vas.)
9.
What is ……………………. (last) fashion in Paris?
(the latest)
(Koja je najnovija moda u Parizu?)
10. We came from London ……………………. (late) month.
(last)
(Došli smo iz Londona prošli mjesec.)
11. Peter and Paul are good students. The former studies medicine and the ……………………. (late) law.
(the latter)
(Peter i Paul su dobri studenti. Prvi studira medicinu a drugi pravo.)
12. What was the title of his ……………………. (late) book? He died ……………………. (late) month.
(last)
(last)
(Što je bio naslov njegove posljednje knjige? On je umro prošli mjesec.)
13. I am so tired. I can’t keep my eyes open any ……………………. (long).
(longer)
(Ja sam tako umoran. Ne mogu držati moje oči otvorene išta duže.)
14. This was the ……………………. (high) point we reached when we were climbing in the Alps.
(highest)
(To je bila najviša točka koju smo dosegnuli kada smo se penjali u Alpama.)
15. Today he was ……………………. (bad) than yesterday.
(worse)
Danas je bio lošije od jučer.)
16. This is ……………………. (precious) ring I have ever had.
(the most precious)
(Ovo je najdragocjeniji prsten koji sam ikada imao.)
17. This bike is ……………………. (expensive) than mine.
(more expensive)
(Ovaj bicikl je skuplji od mojeg.)
18. This is ……………………. (far) part of our country.
(the fartherst)
(Ovo je najudaljeniji dio naše zemlje.)
98
posjetite www.poslovniengleski4u.com
CD 2 – 9
PHRASES WITH THE VERB TO SEE – IZRAZI S GLAGOLOM TO SEE
TO SEE (si:) – vidjeti, shvatiti
I see what you mean. – Shvaćam što ti time misliš.
Come to see us this summer. – Dođite nas posjetiti ovo ljeto.
They took us to the airport to see us off. – Odveli su nas na aerodrome da nas otprate.
I will see you to your seats. – Otpratit ću vas do vaših mjesta.
Who is the person she is seeing? – Tko je osoba s kojom se ona viđa?
We will have to see over the whole office. – Morat ćemo pregledati cijeli ured.
See you later/around! – Vidimo se kasnije/ovdje!
Be seeing you! – Vidimo se, doviđenja!
To see is to believe. – Vidjeti je vjerovati.
I wonder what she sees in this footballer. – Pitam se što ona vidi u tom nogometašu.
Let me see! – Da razmislim!
This movie is not worth seeing. – Ovaj film nije vrijedan gledanja.
99
posjetite www.poslovniengleski4u.com

Engleski jezik 4.pdf

Osobne zamjenice

present simple

St. Jerome Croatian Catholic Parish Hrvatska katolička župa sv

Velika Gospa Novine 2013 - St. Jerome

Izražavanje sadašnjosti

Cardinal Stepinac Village - Hrvatski Katolicki Centar Nikola Tavelic

Napon riječi br. 38 (veličina 3,9 MB)

Upravljanje konfliktima

View - Jewish Community of Bosnia and Herzegovina