Greek Style Guide
Contents
What's New? .................................................................................................................................... 4
New Topics ................................................................................................................................... 4
Updated Topics ............................................................................................................................ 5
Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 6
About This Style Guide ................................................................................................................ 6
Scope of This Document .............................................................................................................. 6
Style Guide Conventions .............................................................................................................. 6
Sample Text ................................................................................................................................. 7
Recommended Reference Material ............................................................................................. 8
Normative References .............................................................................................................. 8
Informative References ............................................................................................................. 8
Language Specific Conventions .................................................................................................... 10
Country/Region Standards ......................................................................................................... 10
Country and language name .................................................................................................. 10
Characters .............................................................................................................................. 10
Date ........................................................................................................................................ 13
Time ........................................................................................................................................ 15
Numbers ................................................................................................................................. 17
Sorting ..................................................................................................................................... 22
Names..................................................................................................................................... 27
Geopolitical Concerns ................................................................................................................ 30
Grammar, Syntax & Orthographic Conventions ......................................................................... 30
Adjectives ................................................................................................................................ 30
Articles .................................................................................................................................... 31
Capitalization .......................................................................................................................... 34
Compounds............................................................................................................................. 37
Gender .................................................................................................................................... 37
Genitive ................................................................................................................................... 38
Modifiers ................................................................................................................................. 38
Nouns ...................................................................................................................................... 39
Prepositions and Adverbs ....................................................................................................... 40
Pronouns ................................................................................................................................. 43
Punctuation ............................................................................................................................. 47
Singular & Plural ..................................................................................................................... 60
Split Infinitive ........................................................................................................................... 60
Subjunctive ............................................................................................................................. 60
Symbols & Non-Breaking Spaces........................................................................................... 61
Syntax ..................................................................................................................................... 63
Verbs ....................................................................................................................................... 65
Word Order ............................................................................................................................. 67
Style and Tone Considerations .................................................................................................. 68
Audience ................................................................................................................................. 68
Point of view............................................................................................................................ 69
Style ........................................................................................................................................ 70
Tone ........................................................................................................................................ 83
Voice ....................................................................................................................................... 83
Localization Guidelines .................................................................................................................. 84
General Considerations .......................................................................................................... 84
Abbreviations .......................................................................................................................... 84
Accessibility ............................................................................................................................ 89
Acronyms ................................................................................................................................ 89
Applications, Products, and Features ..................................................................................... 91
Frequent Errors ....................................................................................................................... 94
Glossaries ............................................................................................................................... 94
Fictitious Information ............................................................................................................... 95
Recurring Patterns .................................................................................................................. 95
Standardized Translations ...................................................................................................... 95
Unlocalized Items.................................................................................................................. 101
Using the Word Microsoft ..................................................................................................... 104
Software Considerations .......................................................................................................... 104
User Interface ....................................................................................................................... 104
Messages .............................................................................................................................. 110
Keys ...................................................................................................................................... 115
Document Translation Considerations ..................................................................................... 121
General ................................................................................................................................. 121
References to User Interface Elements ................................................................................ 122
Copyright ............................................................................................................................... 123
What's New?
Last Updated: February 2011
The entire Style Guide has been reworked and modifications have been made to all sections.
Because of the new structure of this document, some sections of the previous Style Guide version had to be
moved to different topics.
Please find below a list of New and Updated Topics. Note that changes in these sections also apply to the
corresponding sub-sections.
New Topics
The following topics were added:

Sample text

Country and language name

Characters

Date

Time

Days

Months

Numbers

Phone numbers

Addresses

Currency

Measurement units

Sorting

Names

Compounds

Gender

Singular & Plural

Subjunctive

Symbols & Non-Breaking Spaces

Syntax
4

Verbs

Recurring Patterns

Unlocalized Items

Using the word "Microsoft"

Audience

Tone

Voice

User Interface

Keys

Greek Style in Error Messages

Copyright
Updated Topics
The following topics were updated:

Recommended Reference Material – section was updated to distinguish between "Normative" and
"Informative" references and also to add some recent online sources and to remove some outdated sources.

Severity Levels – some of the examples in this section were updated to illustrate more clearly the point in
question.

Adjectives – Section about "Possessive adjectives" was added.

Final –θ – Clarifications and examples were added.

Prepositions and Adverbs – General information and examples were added.

Nouns – General information was added.

Pronouns – Detailed information was added on strong and weak forms of personal pronouns.

Punctuation – Detailed information and examples were added on the use of comma.

Verbs – Some examples of problematic verbs were added

Style – The section was revised to add more recent information and examples. The "Word choice" section
was added.

Standardized translations – Updated to include "User Interface Elements".

Document translation considerations – Revised to include instructions on several user interface categories.
5
Introduction
This Style Guide went through major revision in February 2011 in order to remove outdated and unnecessary
content.
About This Style Guide
The purpose of this Style Guide is to provide everybody involved in the localization of Greek Microsoft products
with Microsoft-specific linguistic guidelines and standard conventions that differ from or are more prescriptive than
those found in language reference materials. These conventions have been adopted after considering context
based on various needs, but above all, they are easy to follow and applicable for all types of software to be
localized.
The Style Guide covers the areas of formatting, grammatical conventions, as well as stylistic conventions. It also
presents the reader with a general idea of the reasoning behind the conventions. The present Style Guide is a
revision of our previous Style Guide version with the intention of making it more standardized, more structured,
and easier to use as a reference.
The guidelines and conventions presented in this Style Guide are intended to help you localize Microsoft products
and materials. We welcome your feedback, questions and concerns regarding the Style Guide. You can send us
your feedback via the Microsoft Language Portal feedback page.
Scope of This Document
This Style Guide is intended for the localization professional working on Microsoft products. It is not intended to
be a comprehensive coverage of all localization practices, but to highlight areas where Microsoft has preference
or deviates from standard practices for Greek localization.
Style Guide Conventions
In this document, a plus sign (+) before a translation example means that this is the recommended correct
translation. A minus sign (-) is used for incorrect translation examples.
In Microsoft localization context, the word term is used in a slightly untraditional sense, meaning the same as e.g.
a segment in Trados. The distinguishing feature of a term here is that it is translated as one unit; it may be a
traditional term (as used in terminology), a phrase, a sentence, or a paragraph.
References to interface elements really only refer to translatable texts associated with those interface elements.
Example translations in this document are only intended to illustrate the point in question. They are not a source
of approved terminology. Always check for approved translation in the Microsoft terminology database.
Most fictitious examples in this document are only intended to illustrate the point in question and should under no
circumstances be used in examples as fictitious information. Please refer to the section "Fictitious Information" for
more information on this subject.
6
Sample Text
Λεπθέδαμ ΓδαεκνηΪεβμ
Παλαδεέΰηαηκμ 54
11111 Υκζαλΰσμ
ΜΪληδκμ 31, 2011
ΕπΪθθβμ ΞνζαλΪμ
Τπετγνθκμ ΒινπβλΫηβζβμ Πεζαηυθ
Margie Travel A.E.
βμ
27 Ώνΰκτζηκν 10
11222 Ώγάθα
ΏΰαπβηΫ ετλδε ΞνζαλΪ:
Βέηαδ πδζησμ πεζΪηβμ ηκν ηαιδδδπηδεκτ πλαεηκλεέκν Margie εδυ εαδ πκζζΪ ξλσθδα εαδ πΪθηα εεηδηυ ηδμ ειαδλεηδεΫμ
νπβλεζέεμ ζαμ. ΥλεδΪακηαδ ηβ ίκάγεδΪ ζαμ ΰδα θα επδζτζπ Ϋθα αάηβηα εαδ εζπέαπ σηδ γα νπκζηβλέιεηε ηδμ
πλκζπΪγεδΫμ ηκν.
ΜΫζπ ηκν πλαεηκλεέκν ζαμ Ϋεαθα ελΪηβζβ ΰδα αελκπκλδεσ ηαιέδδ , ηκ κπκέκ αθαΰεΪζηβεα θα αενλυζπ ζσΰπ
αζγεθεέαμ. (Σκ ηαιέδδ άηαθ ΰδα ηβ Ρυηβ ηβθ 1 ΢επηεηίλέκν ηε ηδμ ΒζζβθδεΫμ ΏελκΰλαηηΫμ.) Αεθ νπάλξε
δνθαησηβηα επδζηλκθάμ ξλβηΪηπθ εαδ δεθ εέηαδ ζε γΫζβ θα πεέζπ ηβθ αελκπκλδεά εηαδλεέα θα ηκν επδζηλΫοεδ ηα
ξλάηαηα ζσΰπ αζγεθεέαμ. Ο αθηδπλσζππσμ ηκνμ, ΏζΫιαθδλκμ Κδθάθβμ, εέπε σηδ γα Ϋπλεπε θα δδεεδδεάζπ
απκαβηέπζβ ηΫζπ ηβμ ηαιδδδπηδεάμ ηκν αζθΪζδζβμ.
Γθπλέαπ σηδ αΰσλαζα αζθΪζεδα ΰδα ηκ ηαιέδδ, αζζΪ δεθ ΰθπλέαπ ηδ εαζτπηεδ ά πυμ θα εαηαγΫηπ αιέπζβ. Θα
εεηδηκτζα εΪθ ηε ίκβγκτζαηε, πμ επέζβηκμ ηαιδδδπηδεσμ ηκν πλΪεηκλαμ, θα επδητξπ ηβθ επδζηλκθά 405 ενλυ
ΰδα ηα εδζδηάλδα. ΒπδζνθΪπηπ αθηέΰλαθα ηπθ εδζδηβλέπθ ηκν, εαγυμ εαδ θκζκεκηεδαεά αθαθκλΪ πκν απκδεδεθτεδ
ηβθ αζγΫθεδΪ ηκν. Γβηυ ησθκ απκαβηέπζβ ΰδα ηβθ απυζεδα ηπθ 405 ενλυ.
Παλαεαζυ επδεκδθπθάζηε ηααέ ηκν ΰδα θα ηκν επδίείαδυζεηε σηδ ηκ αέηβηΪ ηκν γα ΰέθεδ ζείαζησ. Σκ ηβζΫθπθσ
ηκν εέθαδ 210 1234567 εαδ ηκ εδθβησ ηκν 6948 123456. ΢αμ ενξαλδζηυ ΰδα ηβ ίκάγεδα.
Με ηδηά,
Λεπθέδαμ ΓδαεκνηΪεβμ
Source: http://office.microsoft.com/el-gr/templates/CT010146789.aspx
Αβηδκνλΰάγβεε ζηδμ 22 Εαθκναλέκν 2011 ζηδμ 12:06 πη.
7
Recommended Reference Material
Use the Greek language and terminology as described and used in the following publications.
For the localization of Microsoft products, terminology and term information available through the Microsoft
terminology database or this Style Guide in general, override information available in other resources.
Normative References
The Greek Ministry of Education does not prescribe an official dictionary. Listed below are two of the most popular
and widely accepted dictionaries of modern Greek, which can be used as main reference resources with regard to
Greek grammar and orthography.
The below normative sources should be adhered to. When more than one solution is allowed in these sources, or
when conflicting solutions are listed between sources, look for the recommended one in other parts of the Style
Guide or refer to information provided in the Microsoft terminology database.
1. Λεμηθό ηεο θνηλήο λενειιεληθήο, Εθζηδηκτηκ Νεκεζζβθδευθ ΢πκνδυθ (Ίδλνηα Μαθσζβ Σλδαθηαθνζζέδβ) ηκν
Ώλδζηκηεζεέκν Παθεπδζηβηέκν Θεζζαζκθέεβμ, 1998
2. Λεμηθό ηεο λέαο Διιεληθήο γιώζζαο, Γ. Μπαηπδθδυηβ (ΚΫθηλκ ζειδεκζκΰέαμ, 1998)
3. Μηθξή Νενειιεληθή Γξακκαηηθή, Μαθσζβμ Ώ. Σλδαθηαθνζζέδβμ (Έεδκζβ Ώλδζηκηεζεέκν Παθ/ηέκν
Θεζζαζκθέεβμ, 1975)
4. Σπληαθηηθό ηεο Νέαο Διιεληθήο, Ο.Β.Α.ΐ. (Έεδκζβ Ο.Β.Α.ΐ., 1993)
5. Νενειιεληθή Γξακκαηηθή ηεο Γεκνηηθήο, Εθζηδηκτηκ Νεκεζζβθδευθ ΢πκνδυθ (Έεδκζβ 2002, ετλδκμ
ζνΰΰλαθΫαμ: Μαθυζβμ Σλδαθηαθνζζέδβμ)
Informative References
These sources are meant to provide supplementary information, background, comparison, etc.
1.
Αλαζηαζηάδε – Σπκεσλίδε, Νεκζκΰδεσμ Ααθεδζησμ ηβμ Νεκεζζβθδεάμ (1994)
2.
Γ. Τζνπαλάθεο, Νεκεζζβθδεά Γλαηηαηδεά (Ώθκέ Κνλδαεέδβ - Βζηέα, 1994)
3.
Χξηζηόθ. Χαξαιακπάθεο, Νεκεζζβθδεσμ Λσΰκμ (ΝεθΫζβ, 1992)
4.
Θεόδσξνο Καξδήο, Σα ζπζηΪ ΒζζβθδεΪ (ΦΕΛΕΠΠΟΣΔ΢, 1991)
5.
Ισάλλα Παπαδαθείξε, ΛΪγβ ζηβ ξλάζβ ηβμ ΰζυζζαμ ηαμ (΢ΜΕΛΔ, 1993)
6.
University of Chicago, The Chicago Manual of Style (The University of Chicago Press, 14th edition, 1993)
7.
Γηώξγνο Γεζπόηεο, Ώθαζνηδεσ Λειδεσ Πζβλκθκλδεάμ εαδ Δζεεηλκθδευθ Τπκζκΰδζηυθ (DATA PIM Β.Π.Β.
1992)
8.
Ν. Π. Αλδξεηώηεο, Βηνηκζκΰδεσ Λειδεσ ηβμ Κκδθάμ Νεκεζζβθδεάμ (Ώ.Π.Θ., 3β Ϋεδκζβ, 1992)
8
9.
Τεγόπνπινο – Φπηξάθεο, Μεέακθ Βζζβθδεσ Λειδεσ (Σεΰσπκνζκμ – ΦνηλΪεβμ, 1997)
10. Θενδ. Βνζηαληδόγινπ, Ώθηδζειδεσθ ά Οθκηαζηδεσθ ηβμ Νεκεζζβθδεάμ Γζυζζβμ (1990)
11. D. N. Stavropoulos, Oxford Greek-English Learner‘s Dictionary (Oxford University Press, 1992)
12. Χ. Κιαίξεο - Γ. Μπακπηληώηεο, Γλαηηαηδεά ηβμ ΝΫαμ Βζζβθδεάμ (ΒζζβθδεΪ ΓλΪηηαηα, 2005)
13. D. N. Stavropoulos - A.S. Hornby, Oxford English-Greek Learner‘s Dictionary (Oxford University Press,
1992)
14. Abbreviations and Acronyms Dictionary, http://www.acronymfinder.com/
15. Τν θόθθηλν βηβιηαξάθη ηνπ θεηκελνγξάθνπ, http://www.copywriters-redbook.gr/
16.
Λεμηζθόπην by Neurolingo, http://www.neurolingo.gr/online_tools/lexiscope.htm
17. IATE, European Terminology Database, http://iate.europa.eu
18. Europa, Interinstitutional Style Guide, List of countries, territories and currencies,
http://publications.europa.eu/code/en/en-5000500.htm
Note: You may also consult the Microsoft Language Portal at http://www.microsoft.com/Language/enUS/Default.aspx to search for Microsoft-specific terminology and user interface translations.
9
Language Specific Conventions
This part of the style guide contains information about standards specific to Greek.
Country/Region Standards
The adaptation of the product to the language, standards and cultural norms of the particular country/region and
the accommodation of the requirements and expectations of a specific target group is particularly important during
localization. This section deals with the adaptation of most common cultural references (language characters,
date and time formats, units of measurement, currency, number formats, sorting order etc.) into Greek and is
intended as a guide both for localizers as well as engineers, developers, testers and QA specialists working on
Microsoft products.
Country and language name
Country/region
Greece
Long country name
Greece or Hellas
Local long country name
ΒζζΪδα
ISO long abbreviation
GRC
Short country name
Greece
Local short country name
ΒζζΪδα
ISO short abbreviation
GR
ISO code
300
Language
Greek
Local language name
ΒζζβθδεΪ
Notes
Alternative country name: ΒζζΪμ
Characters
Country/region
Greece
Lower-case characters
α, ί, ΰ, δ, ε, α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ, η, θ, ι, κ, π, λ, ζ (μ), η, ν, θ, ξ, ο, π.
Upper-case characters
Ώ, ΐ, Γ, Α, Β, Γ, Δ, Θ, Ε, Κ, Λ, Μ, Ν, Ξ, Ο, Π, Ρ, ΢, Σ, Τ, Φ, Υ, Φ, Χ.
Characters in caseless
n/a
10
Country/region
Greece
scripts
Extended Latin characters
In Greek, all characters are extended characters
Note on alphabetical order
Alphabetical order is not necessarily indicative of sorting order.
Total number of characters
24
Unicode codes
Ώ
Greek capital Alpha
391
α
Greek lower case alpha
3B1
Ά
Greek capital Alpha with Tonos
386
Ϊ
Greek lower case alpha with Tonos
3AC
ΐ
Greek capital Beta
392
ί
Greek lower case beta
3B2
Γ
Greek capital Gamma
393
ΰ
Greek lower case gamma
3B3
Α
Greek capital Delta
394
δ
Greek lower case delta
3B4
Β
Greek capital Epsilon
395
ε
Greek lower case epsilon
3B5
Έ
Greek capital Epsilon with Tonos
388
Ϋ
Greek lower case epsilon with Tonos
3AD
Γ
Greek capital Zeta
396
α
Greek lower case zeta
3B6
Δ
Greek capital Eta
397
β
Greek lower case eta
3B7
Ή
Greek capital Eta with Tonos
389
ά
Greek lower case eta with Tonos
3AE
Θ
Greek capital Theta
398
γ
Greek lower case theta
3B8
Ε
Greek capital Iota
399
δ
Greek lower case iota
3B9
Ί
Greek capital Iota with Tonos
38A
έ
Greek lower case iota with Tonos
3AF
Ψ
Greek capital Iota with Dialytika
3AA
ρ
Greek lower case iota with Dialytika
3CA
11
Country/region
Greece
Ύ
Greek lower case iota with Dialytika And Tonos
390
Κ
Greek capital Kappa
39A
ε
Greek lower case kappa
3BA
Λ
Greek capital Lamda
39B
ζ
Greek lower case lamda
3BB
Μ
Greek capital Mu
39C
η
Greek lower case mu
3BC
Ν
Greek capital Nu
39D
θ
Greek lower case nu
3BD
Ξ
Greek capital Xi
39E
ι
Greek lower case xi
3BE
Ο
Greek capital Omicron
39F
κ
Greek lower case omicron
3BF
΋
Greek capital Omicron with Tonos
38C
σ
Greek lower case omicron with Tonos
3CC
Π
Greek capital Pi
3A0
π
Greek lower case pi
3C0
Ρ
Greek capital Rho
3A1
λ
Greek lower case rho
3C1
΢
Greek capital Sigma
3A3
ζ
Greek lower case sigma
3C3
μ
Greek lower case final sigma
3C2
Σ
Greek capital Tau
3A4
η
Greek lower case tau
3C4
Τ
Greek capital Upsilon
3A5
ν
Greek lower case upsilon
3C5
Ό
Greek capital Upsilon with Tonos
38E
τ
Greek lower case upsilon with Tonos
3CD
Ω
Greek capital Upsilon with Dialytika
3AB
ς
Greek lower case upsilon with Dialytika
3CB
ή
Greek lower case upsilon with Dialytika And Tonos
3B0
Φ
Greek capital Phi
3A6
θ
Greek lower case phi
3C6
12
Country/region
Greece
Υ
Greek capital Chi
3A7
ξ
Greek lower case chi
3C7
Φ
Greek capital Psi
3A8
ο
Greek lower case psi
3C8
Χ
Greek capital Omega
3A9
π
Greek lower case omega
3C9
΍
Greek capital Omega with Tonos
38F
υ
Greek lower case omega with Tonos
3CE
When a word ends with an "ζ", this letter is replaced by an "μ" (final s), e.g.:
κόσμος. This does not apply to capital letters, e.g: ΚΟΣΜΟΣ
Notes
Particular characters (vowels) from the above mentioned list also have
accented version(s): Ϊ Ϋ ά έ σ τ υ ρ ς Ύ ή Ά Έ Ή Ί ΋ Ό ΍ Ψ Ω
Distinctive character combinations: ος, αι, ει, οι, ςι, αϊ, αε, οϊ, οε , ας, ες μπ, νη,
γκ, ηδ, ηζ, γγ (two character combinations typical for Greek)
Also, every word with more than one syllable in Greek would carry an accent.
Date
Country/region
Greece
Calendar/Era
Gregorian
First Day of the Week
Monday
First Week of the Year
First week of January
Separator
slash (/)
Default Short Date
Format
d/M/yyyy
Example
17/3/2011
Default Long Date Format d MMMM yyyy
Example
17 Μαληέκν 2011
Additional Short Date
Format 1
dd/MM/yy
13
Country/region
Greece
Example
17/03/11
Additional Short Date
Format 2
n/a
Example
n/a
Additional Long Date
Format 1
dddd, d MMMM yyyy
Example
ΠΫηπηβ, 17 Μαληέκν 2011
Additional Long Date
Format 2
n/a
Example
n/a
Leading Zero in Day Field
for Short Date Format
no
Leading Zero in Month
Field for Short Date
Format
no
No. of digits for year for
Short Day Format
4
Leading Zero in Day Field
for Long Date Format
no
Leading Zero in Month
Field for Long Date
Format
no
Number of digits for year
for Long Day Format
4
Date Format for
Correspondence
dd/MM/yyyy
Example
17/03/2011
Notes
Full stop (.) and dash (-) can also be used as separators of days/months/years.
E.g. 17.03.2011 or 17-03-2011.
14
Country/region
Greece
Abbreviations in Format
Codes
d is for day, number of d's indicates the format (d = digits without leading zero, dd
= digits with leading zero, ddd = the abbreviated day name, dddd = full day name)
M is for month, number of M's gives number of digits. (M = digits without leading
zero, MM = digits with leading zero, MMM = the abbreviated name, MMMM = full
name)
y is for year, number of y's gives number of digits (yy = two digits, yyyy = four
digits)
Time
Country/region
Greece
24 hour format
Both formats, see notes
Standard time format
h:mm:ss or hh.mm.ss
Standard time format
example
23:43:12
Time separator
colon (:)
Time separator examples
14:24:12
Hours leading zero
optional
Hours leading zero example
03:24:12
String for AM designator
π.η.
String for PM designator
η.η.
ΐoth 12 and 24 hour formats are used
Βither format, h:mm:ss or hh.mm.ss can be used
Notes
Σhe leading zero is optional, i.e. 09.30 or 9.30 are both acceptable
Ώlternative time separator is the period (.), e.g. 9.59.12
The AM and PM designators can be used without the abbreviation periods if
limited space is available i.e. "πη" and "ηη".
Days
Country/region: Greece
Day
Normal Form
Abbreviation
Monday
ΑενηΫλα
Αενη.
15
Day
Normal Form
Abbreviation
Tuesday
Σλέηβ
Σλ.
Wednesday
ΣεηΪληβ
Σεη.
Thursday
ΠΫηπηβ
ΠΫη.
Friday
Παλαζεενά
Παλ.
Saturday
΢Ϊίίαηκ
΢Ϊί.
Sunday
Κνλδαεά
Κνλ.
First Day of Week: Monday (ΑενηΫλα)
Is first letter capitalized?: Yes
Notes: If limited space is available the following day abbreviations may also be used: Α, Σ, Σ, Π, Π, ΢, Κ (from
Monday to Sunday). However, due to some days starting with the same letter, please proceed with caution and
make sure the context does not allow any ambiguity.
Months
If there are different countries/regions which speak this language, but have different months, repeat the entire
template for each set of countries/regions.
Country/region: Greece
Month
Full Form
Abbreviated Form
Long Date Form
January
ΕαθκνΪλδκμ
Εαθ.
Εαθκναλέκν
February
ΦείλκνΪλδκμ
Φεί.
Φείλκναλέκν
March
ΜΪληδκμ
ΜΪλ.
Μαληέκν
April
Ώπλέζδκμ
Ώπλ.
Ώπλδζέκν
May
ΜΪδκμ
ΜΪδκμ
ΜαΎκν
June
Εκτθδκμ
Εκτθ.
Εκνθέκν
July
Εκτζδκμ
Εκτζ.
Εκνζέκν
August
Ώτΰκνζηκμ
Ώτΰ.
Ώνΰκτζηκν
September
΢επηΫηίλδκμ
΢επ.
΢επηεηίλέκν
October
Οεηυίλδκμ
Οεη.
Οεηπίλέκν
November
ΝκΫηίλδκμ
ΝκΫη.
Νκεηίλέκν
December
ΑεεΫηίλδκμ
Αεε.
Αεεεηίλέκν
16
Is first letter capitalized?: Yes
Notes:
In date formats with long month format, that do not include the day, the full month form should be used, e.g.
΢επηΫηίλδκμ 2011.
In date formats with long month format, that also include the day, the long date format should be used, e.g. 29
΢επηεηίλέκν 2011.
If limited space is available, it is possible to omit the period in the abbreviated form of months, e.g. Εαθ, Φεί, ΜΪλ
etc., but this should be used only when there is a serious technical restriction.
Numbers
Decimal separator
In Greek the decimal separator is the comma (,) as opposed to the US period. Please be sure to always follow the
Greek standard when localizing products.
English
Greek
2.5 MB
2,5 MB
€234.67
234,67 €
Thousand separator
In Greek the thousand separator is the period (.) as opposed to the US comma (,). Please be sure to always
follow the Greek standard when localizing products.
You should be careful when the English number contains both a thousand and a decimal separator because in
Greek the symbols will need to be reverted.
English
Greek
64,000 USD
64.000 USD
4096 KB
4096 KB
1,234.567
1.234,567
Note: However, please note that the thousand separator is intended to facilitate the reading of long numbers. It is
not an error to omit the thousand separator; in fact, it is quite common to omit it when a number has only four
digits as in the above example.
17
Version numbers
Version numbers are an exception to this rule. It is important to always follow the source format in such cases, in
other words to retain the period (.).
English
Greek
Internet Explorer 5.5
Internet Explorer 5.5
List separator
Country/region
Greece
Separator
;
Description
Semicolon
Examples
1;2;3
Notes
n/a
Phone Numbers
Country/
region
International
Dialing
Code
Area
Codes
Used?
Number of
Digits – Area
Codes
Separator
Number of
Digits –
Domestic
Digit
Groupings –
Domestic
Greece
30
yes
3;4;5
space
10
###
#######;####
######;#####
#####
Country/
region
Number of
Digits –
Local
Digit
Groupings
– Local
Number of
Digits – Mobile
Digit
Groupings –
Mobile
Number of
Digits –
International
Digit
Groupings –
International
Greece
10
###
#######;##
##
######;###
## #####
10
#### ######
12
+30 ###
#######;+30
####
######;+30
##### #####
18
Notes:
2310 654321, εζπη. 23 (with extension number)
When making domestic calls, it is mandatory to dial the area code together with the telephone number even for
local calls. The combination of area code and telephone number is always 10 digits long. e.g. 210 8556614, 2310
654321 or 22610 89197
City/Area code = Yπελαζηδεσμ επδδεσμ, Local Number = ηκπδεσ θκτηελκ
There are always 10 digits in the mobile phone numbers. The first digit is always 6 (as opposed to 0 in Ireland for
example). There is no standard grouping. Usually mobile numbers are presented as follows:
6XXX XXXXXX
To call a mobile in Greece, dial: 6XXX XXXXXX
To call from abroad, dial: +30 6XXX XXXXXX
Addresses
Country/region: Greece (or Hellas)
Disclaimer: Please note that the information in this entry should under no circumstances be used in examples as
fictitious information.
Address Format:
1. [CompanyName]
2. [Title/Honorific] FirstName [MiddleName] LastName
3. Address1
4. [Address2]
5. [CountryCode-]PostalCode City
6. [Country]
Example Address:
Οδεκθκηκηεξθδεά Β.Π.Β
Αλ. ΏθαζηΪζδκμ Γ. ΚκνΰεΫλβμ
΢εκπΫζκν 203
114 90 Υκζαλΰσμ
ΒζζΪδα
Example Guide:
Οδεκθκηκηεξθδεά Β.Π.Β [= CompanyName]
Αλ. [= Title] ΏθαζηΪζδκμ Γ. Κκνζελάμ [= FirstName + [MiddleName] + LastName]
΢εκπΫζκν 203 [= StreetName + Number]
114 90 Υκζαλΰσμ [= PostalCode + City]
ΒζζΪδα [= Country]
Local Postal Code Format: xxx xx
Notes: n/a.
19
Currency
Country/region
Greece
Currency Name
Euro (Βνλυ)
Currency Symbol
€
Currency Symbol Position
After the amount, leaving a space between the amount and the currency
symbol
Positive Currency Format
1.234,56 €
Negative Sign Symbol
-, no space
Negative Currency Format
-3.453,87 €
Decimal Symbol
, (comma)
Number of Digits after Decimal
2
Digit Grouping Symbol
. (period)
Number of Digits in Digit
Grouping
3
Positive Currency Example
123.456.789,00 €
Negative Currency Example
-123.456.789,00 €
ISO Currency Code
EUR
Currency Subunit Name
ζεπησ
Currency Subunit Symbol
ζ
Currency Subunit Example
17ζ
Digit Groups
Please see the "Numbers" section in this Guide for more information about separators and digit groupings.
Measurement Units
Metric System Commonly Used?: Yes
20
Temperature: Celsius
Category
English
Translation
Abbreviation
Linear Measure
Kilometer
ξδζδσηεηλκ
ξζη.
Meter
ηΫηλκ
η.
Decimeter
δεεαησηεηλκ (rarely used)
n/a
Centimeter
εεαηκζησ
εε.
Millimeter
ξδζδκζησ
ξδζ.
Hectoliter
εεαησζδηλκ
n/a
Liter
ζέηλκ
n/a
Deciliter
δεεαησζδηλκ
n/a
Centiliter
εεαηκζησζδηλκ
n/a
Milliliter
ξδζδκζησζδηλκ
n/a
Ton
ησθκμ
ησθ.
Kilogram
εδζσ
εδζ., ξζΰη
Pound
ζέίλα
n/a
Gram
ΰλαηηΪλδκ
ΰλ.
Decigram
δεεαησΰλαηηκ (rarely
used)
n/a
Centigram
εεαηκζησΰλαηηκ (rarely
used)
n/a
Milligram
ξδζδκζησΰλαηηκ
n/a
Inch
έθηζα
έθ.
Feet
πσδδ
n/a
Mile
ηέζδ
n/a
Gallon
ΰαζσθδ
n/a
Capacity
Mass
English Units of
Measurement
Notes: Centimeter is also rendered as εεαηκζησηεηλκ and millimeter as ξδζδκζησηεηλκ (more old-fashioned
styles).
21
Percentages
In Greek, no space should be added after the digit and before the % sign.
Greek example (+)
Greek example (-)
(+) Ο ξυλκμ ζηκ δέζεκ γα ανιβγεέ εαηΪ 10%.
(-) Ο ξυλκμ ζηκ δέζεκ γα ανιβγεέ εαηΪ 10 %.
Sorting
During the alphabetical sorting of indexes, catalogues, lists etc. in Microsoft products no distinction is made
between accented and non-accented letters, and the same applies for lowercase and uppercase letters.
Lowercase, uppercase, accented and non-accented characters when referring to the same letter of the alphabet
(for instance "α", alpha) should be considered as variations of the same letter and be treated as equals.
In the rare case that the exact same word appears twice in one sorting list, the first time written with an uppercase
character and the second time written with a lowercase character, then it would be preferable to have the
lowercase letters sort before the capitals. E.g.
Between "Ϊθεηκμ" and "Άθεηκμ", "Ϊθεηκμ" would preferably be sorted first.
Between "αίΰσ" and "Ώίΰσ", "αίΰσ" would preferably be sorted first.
Between "Άθεηκμ" and "ΏΝΒΜΟ΢", "Άθεηκμ" would preferably be sorted first.
Please see below for a more detailed list of Greek sorting rules.
1. Capital letters and lowercase letters are equal, no distinction is made between them; so α
and Ώ are equal.
2. Accented characters are equal with non-accented characters; so Ϊ and α are equal.
Sorting rules
3. Non-alphabetical characters (i.e. symbols like @ ! #) sort before the letters of the alphabet.
4. Digits sort after the non-alphabetical characters and before the letters of the alphabet.
5. Latin alphabet characters sort after non-alphabetical characters and digits but before the
Greek alphabet letters. Latin alphabet characters sorting follows the rules for English
alphabet sorting.
So the sorting order is as follows:
Character
sorting order
Ώ

Items that start with a punctuation or other symbol (e.g. !,#,$,% or &)

Items that start with a numerical digit

Items that start with a Latin character or whole Latin words

Items that start with a Greek character or whole Greek words
Greek capital Alpha
913;
22
α
Greek lower case alpha
945;
Ά
Greek capital Alpha with Tonos
902;
Ϊ
Greek lower case alpha with Tonos
940;
ΐ
Greek capital Beta
914;
ί
Greek lower case beta
946;
Γ
Greek capital Gamma
915;
ΰ
Greek lower case gamma
947;
Α
Greek capital Delta
916;
δ
Greek lower case delta
948;
Β
Greek capital Epsilon
917;
ε
Greek lower case epsilon
949;
Έ
Greek capital Epsilon with Tonos
904;
Ϋ
Greek lower case epsilon with Tonos
941;
Γ
Greek capital Zeta
918;
α
Greek lower case zeta
950;
Δ
Greek capital Eta
919;
β
Greek lower case eta
951;
Ή
Greek capital Eta with Tonos
905;
ά
Greek lower case eta with Tonos
942;
Θ
Greek capital Theta
920;
γ
Greek lower case theta
952;
Ε
Greek capital Iota
921;
δ
Greek lower case iota
953;
Ί
Greek capital Iota with Tonos
906;
έ
Greek lower case iota with Tonos
943;
Ψ
Greek capital Iota with Dialytika
938;
ρ
Greek lower case iota with Dialytika
970;
Ύ
Greek lower case iota with Dialytika And Tonos
912;
Κ
Greek capital Kappa
922;
ε
Greek lower case kappa
954;
Λ
Greek capital Lamda
923;
ζ
Greek lower case lamda
955;
Μ
Greek capital Mu
924;
η
Greek lower case mu
956;
23
Ν
Greek capital Nu
925;
θ
Greek lower case nu
957;
Ξ
Greek capital Xi
926;
ι
Greek lower case xi
958;
Ο
Greek capital Omicron
927;
κ
Greek lower case omicron
959;
΋
Greek capital Omicron with Tonos
908;
σ
Greek lower case omicron with Tonos
972;
Π
Greek capital Pi
928;
π
Greek lower case pi
960;
Ρ
Greek capital Rho
929;
λ
Greek lower case rho
961;
΢
Greek capital Sigma
931;
ζ
Greek lower case sigma
963;
μ
Greek lower case final sigma
962;
Σ
Greek capital Tau
932;
η
Greek lower case tau
964;
Τ
Greek capital Upsilon
933;
ν
Greek lower case upsilon
965;
Ό
Greek capital Upsilon with Tonos
910;
τ
Greek lower case upsilon with Tonos
973;
Ω
Greek capital Upsilon with Dialytika
939;
ς
Greek lower case upsilon with Dialytika
971;
ή
Greek lower case upsilon with Dialytika And Tonos
944;
Φ
Greek capital Phi
934;
θ
Greek lower case phi
966;
Υ
Greek capital Chi
935;
ξ
Greek lower case chi
967;
Φ
Greek capital Psi
936;
ο
Greek lower case psi
968;
Χ
Greek capital Omega
937;
π
Greek lower case omega
969;
΍
Greek capital Omega with Tonos
911;
υ
Greek lower case omega with Tonos
974;
24
@
1
Internet
αθΪΰθπζβ
ΏθΪΰθπζβ
Ϊθκδΰηα
Άθκδΰηα
ίΪακ
ΐΪακ
ΰλαθά
Γλαθά
δΫθηλκ
ΑΫθηλκ
εεδέδπ
Βεδέδπ
Ϋεδκζβ
Έεδκζβ
Examples of
sorted words
αάηβζβ
Γάηβζβ
βηΫλα
ΔηΫλα
άηελκμ
Ήηελκμ
γΫηα
ΘΫηα
δδδαέηελκμ
Εδδαέηελκμ
έδδκμ
Ίδδκμ
εαγκλέαπ
Καγκλέαπ
ζάηηα
Λάηηα
ηάζκ
Μάζκ
25
θσηδζηα
Νσηδζηα
ιεεζεδδυθπ
Ξεεζεδδυθπ
κηδζέα
Οηδζέα
σηδζκμ
΋ηδζκμ
παδδέ
Παδδέ
λάηα
Ράηα
ζηέίκμ
΢ηέίκμ
ηκπκγΫηβζβ
ΣκπκγΫηβζβ
νπθσζαεκμ
Τπθσζαεκμ
τπθκμ
Όπθκμ
θαεσμ
Φαεσμ
ξαδλεηδζησμ
Υαδλεηδζησμ
ονξά
Φνξά
υλα
΍λα
πλαέκμ
Χλαέκμ
26
Names
Country/region
Greece
Disclaimer
Please note that the information in this entry should under no circumstances be
used in examples as fictitious information.
Number of first names
Men almost never use two First Names even if they have them
MiddleName is not always present
Middle name usage
MiddleName denotes father name and is expressed with either the first letter or
the first three letters of the father's name
Last name(s) usage
Sometimes women keep both their family surname (maiden name) and their
husband's surname. In this case family surname goes usually first.
Initials usage
Initials always followed by full stop.
Possible formats:
FirstName LastName
LastName FirstName
LastName, FirstName
FirstInitial LastName
FirstInitial MiddleInitial LastName
FirstName MiddleName LastName
FirstName MiddleName LastName
Notes on names and initials
usage
FirstName LastName
FirstName FirstName LastName
FirstName FirstName LastName
FirstName FirstName LastName LastName
Examples:
Γδυλΰκμ Αβηβηλέκν
Αβηβηλέκν Γδυλΰκμ
Αβηβηλέκν, Γδυλΰκμ
Γ. Αβηβηλέκν
27
Country/region
Greece
Γ. Κ. Αβηβηλέκν
Γδυλΰκμ Κ. Αβηβηλέκν
Γδυλΰκμ Κπθ. Αβηβηλέκν
Μαλέα Κπθζηαθηέθκν
Μαλέα ΒζΫθβ Κπθζηαθηέθκν
Μαλέα Κπθζηαθηέθκν - ΑβηβηλδΪδβ
Μαλέα ΒζΫθβ Κπθζηαθηέθκν - ΑβηβηλδΪδβ
Capitalization
First letter of names is always capitalized
Married and maiden names
By law married women retain their family surnames. Sometimes they may opt
to keep both their family surname (maiden name) and their husband's surname.
In this case maiden name goes usually first.
Sorting
Normal sorting rules apply
Most common name format
in text
FirstName Lastname. The pattern LastName, First Name (i.e. with a comma) is
not used very often in texts.
Most common name format
in lists
LastName, FirstName or LastName FirstName
20 most common names
• ΒζενγΫλδκμ Παπαδσπκνζκμ
• ΒζΫθβ ΠαπαδΪεβ
• Μαλέα Μαελά
• Γευλΰδκμ Αβηβηλέκν
• ΕπΪθθβμ Κπθζηαθηέθκν
• ΢κθέα Κπθζηαθηδθέδκν
• Κπθζηαθηέθκμ ΑβηβηλδΪδβμ
Most common last names
• Αβηάηλδκμ Κπζησπκνζκμ
• ΐαζέζεδκμ Νδεκζσπκνζκμ
• ΕπΪθθα Ώγαθαζκπκτζκν
• Αβηάηλβμ Παπακδεκθσηκν
• ΏγαθΪζδκμ Δζδσπκνζκμ
• Μαλέα ΜαλεΪεβ
• Παθαΰδυηβμ Μβηλσπκνζκμ
• Άθθα ΐαζδζεέκν
• Μαλέα ΒζενγελδΪδβ
28
Country/region
Greece
• Γεπλΰέα Αβηβηλαεκπκτζκν
• Αβηάηλδκμ ΠαπΪμ
• ΏζΫιαθδλκμ Παζαδκζσΰκμ
• ΏθδλΫαμ ΠαπαθδλΫκν
ΓδΪθθβμ
Γδυλΰκμ
Κυζηαμ
Αβηάηλβμ
Παθαΰδυηβμ
Νέεκμ
ΏζΫιβμ
ΏζΫιαθδλκμ
Most common male first
names
ΘαθΪζβμ
Ώθηυθβμ
Μαθυζβμ
ΐαΰΰΫζβμ
ΐαζέζβμ
Δζέαμ
Άΰΰεζκμ
ΏθαζηΪζδκμ
ΠΫηλκμ
ΒζΫθβ
Μαλέα
Γεπλΰέα
Βναΰΰεζέα
΢κθέα
Most common female first
names
Έζζβ
Κπθζηαθηέθα
ΐαζδζδεά
Μεζέθα
Αάηβηλα
Νέεβ
29
Country/region
Greece
Notes
n/a
Geopolitical Concerns
Part of the cultural adaptation of the US-product to a specific market is the resolving of geopolitical issues. While
the US-product should have been designed and developed with neutrality and a global audience in mind, the
localized product should respond to the particular situation that applies within the target country/region.
Sensitive issues or issues that might potentially be offensive to the users in the target country/region may occur in
any of the following:

Maps

Flags

Country/region, city and language names

Art and graphics
 Cultural content, such as encyclopedia content and other text where historical or political references may
occur
Some of these issues are relatively easy to verify and resolve: the objective should be for the localizer to always
have the most current information available. Maps and other graphic representations of countries/regions and
regions should be checked for accuracy and existing political restrictions. Country/region, city and language
names change on a regular basis and need to be checked, even if previously approved.
A thorough understanding of the culture of the target market is required for checking the appropriateness of
cultural content, clip art and other visual representations of religious symbols, body and hand gestures.
Grammar, Syntax & Orthographic Conventions
This section includes information on how to apply the general rules of the Greek language to Microsoft products
and documentation.
Adjectives
In Greek, adjectives should be handled in the following manner.
Adjectives agree with nouns in gender, case and number. Therefore, each adjective has a threefold declension
paradigm for the three genders. Adjectives show agreement both when they are used as attributes and when they
are used as predicates. The vast majority of adjectives take forms in -κμ in the masculine, -κ in the neuter and
either -β, -α, or-δα in the feminine. Again, there are some other, minor groups and sub-classes. Adjectives agree
with the noun in terms of its abstract gender, not in terms of the shapes of the actual endings, since these depend
on the individual declension class of both the noun and the adjective. This means that the concrete endings
30
occurring in any pair of noun and adjective may be quite different from each other, depending on the classes
involved.
Adjectives’ accent
Adjectives‘ accent does not move in genitive case.
Greek example (+)
Greek example (-)
(+) ηπθ δδΪθκλπθ ητππθ ηβθνηΪηπθ
(-) ηπθ δδαθσλπθ ητππθ ηβθνηΪηπθ
(+) ηκν πλσηνπκν εΰΰλΪθκν
(-) ηκν πλκητπκν εΰΰλΪθκν
Possessive adjectives
The frequent use of possessives is a feature of English language. However in Greek, possessive adjectives
should be avoided. Use the definite article instead of the possessive pronoun.
In cases that the subject is formatted by a noun and an adjective and there is definitely need to use a possessive
adjective, do not split the adjective and the noun but use the possessive after the noun.
Greek example of (+)
Greek example (-)
(+) Γδα ηβθ αζθΪζεδα ηπθ πλκζππδευθ
δεδκηΫθπθ ζαμ
(-) Γδα ηβθ αζθΪζεδα ηπθ πλκζππδευθ ζαμ δεδκηΫθπθ
(+) Γδα ηβθ αζθΪζεδα ηπθ ζβηαθηδευθ
πζβλκθκλδυθ ζαμ
(-) Γδα ηβθ αζθΪζεδα ηπθ ζβηαθηδευθ ζαμ πζβλκθκλδυθ
Articles
General considerations
There are two articles in Greek, the definite and the indefinite. They are both inflected by gender and case, and
the definite article also for number. The article agrees with the noun it modifies.
The final -λ
The articles ηνλ and ηελ, the numerical article έλαλ and personal pronouns απηήλ and ηελ drop their final ―θ‖
when the following word starts with a continuant: ί, ΰ, δ, α, γ, ζ, η, θ, λ, ζ, θ, ξ
Final ―θ‖ is always maintained in the personal pronouns απηόλ and ηνλ and in the particle ζαλ (κηκδπηαηδεσ).
31
Example:
The mail folder could not be opened. If another application is using this folder, please close it on the other
application and try again.
(+) Αεθ άηαθ δνθαησ ηκ Ϊθκδΰηα ηκν θαεΫζκν αζζβζκΰλαθέαμ. ΒΪθ ανησ ηκ αλξεέκ ξλβζδηκπκδεέηαδ απσ εΪπκδα
Ϊζζβ εθαληκΰά, εζεέζηε ηνλ ζηβθ Ϊζζβ εθαληκΰά εαδ πλκζπαγάζηε ιαθΪ.
As a convention, in Microsoft products, final ―θ‖ is always maintained in the words δελ and κελ, even in case
where it would normally be dropped.
Example:
If you are not aware that your document contains linked objects or files, use caution when updating the document.
(+) ΒΪθ δελ ΰθπλέαεηε σηδ ηκ Ϋΰΰλαθσ ζαμ πελδΫξεδ ζνθδεδεηΫθα αθηδεεέηεθα ά αλξεέα, θα εέζηε πλκζεεηδεκέ σηαθ
εθβηελυθεηε ηκ Ϋΰΰλαθκ.
Final ―θ‖ is maintained in the article ηνλ when a proper noun, an abbreviation or foreign term comes next, which
could mistakenly be interpreted as neuter. The final "θ" is also preserved when an adjective or participle comes
next or generally whenever might exist some confusion regarding the gender of following noun.
Examples:
Open Microsoft Explorer
(+) Ώθκέιηε ηνλ Microsoft Explorer
(+) ηνλ ΦΠΏ, ηνλ Ράθκ, ηνλ ΜΪδκ
You cannot assign a group as a site owner or secondary contact. Please try again, and specify an individual user
account.
(+) Αεθ εέθαδ δνθαησ θα κλέζεηε ηδα κηΪδα πμ εΪηκξκ ηκπκγεζέαμ ά δενηελετκνζα επαθά. Πλκζπαγάζηε ιαθΪ εαδ
εαγκλέζηε έλαλ ηεηκθπηΫθκ ζκΰαλδαζησ ξλάζηβ.
Important note: Given the controversy between the various authors and grammar references regarding the use
of final -θ in Greek and given the relatively few cases where the issue has an actual semantic impact, the
inclusion of the final -n in the male gender should not be considered or rated as an error, unless it would lead to a
misunderstanding of the gender of the referred noun. For instance, both "ηκ ξλάζηβ" and "ηκθ ξλάζηβ" would be
accepted, unless there was a strong risk of gender determination. Instead, if there is a strong preference about
the aesthetic/phonetic aspect of final "θ" inclusion, a relevant note may be entered in the form of 'suggestions for
improvement'.
32
Unlocalized Feature Names
Microsoft product names and non-translated feature names are used without definite or indefinite articles in the
English language. In Greek language, however, the definite article is usually used before product names and nontranslated feature names.
English source
Greek example (+)
Greek example (-)
Explore Microsoft Word 2010
(+) Βιελενθάζηε ηκ Microsoft Word
2010
(-) Βιελενθάζηε Microsoft Word
2010
Microsoft Excel is a powerful
program
(+) Σκ Microsoft Excel εέθαδ Ϋθα
δζξνλσ πλσΰλαηηα
(-) Microsoft Excel εέθαδ Ϋθα δζξνλσ
πλσΰλαηηα
Most English product and feature names are preceded by the neuter article, but there are some exceptions.
Please see also the section about "Gender" and "Product Name Gender".
Localized Feature Names
Feature names (and even product names on rare occasions) may be localized and in this case the article that
matches the gender of the localized name should be used.
English source
Greek example (+)
Greek example (-)
Open Windows Explorer
(+) Ώθκέιηε ηβθ Βιελετθβζβ ηπθ
Windows
(-) Ώθκέιηε ηκ Βιελετθβζβ ηπθ
Windows
Articles for English Borrowed Terms
When faced with an English loan word previously used in Microsoft products, consider the following options:



Motivation: Does the English word have any formally motivated features that would allow a
straightforward integration into the noun class system of Greek language?
Analogy: Is there an equivalent Greek term whose article could be used?
Frequency: Is the term used in other technical documentation? If so, what article is used most
often?
English source
Greek example (+)
Greek example (-)
An external modem was found.
(+) ΐλΫγβεε Ϋθα ειπηελδεσ ησθηεη.
(-) ΐλΫγβεε Ϋθαμ ειπηελδεσμ
ησθηεη.
33
Capitalization
General
Capitalization rules in Greek and English are not the same. In the following table you can find some of most
common differences between Greek and English as far as the usage of starting capital letter is concerned:
Element
Initial capital
Greek example
English
Greek
Nouns that denote residents of a
country
Yes
Yes
(+) Οδ Έζζβθεμ εέθαδ Βνλππαέκδ
Adjectives that arise from country
names
Yes
No
(+) Οδ εζζβθδεΫμ ΰλαηηαηκζεδλΫμ
εέθαδ δτκ ητππθ.
Language names
Yes
Yes
(+) ΠελδζαηίΪθεηαδ ηκ εΰξεδλέδδκ
ηβμ WordBasic ζηα ΏΰΰζδεΪ.
Days and months
Yes
Yes
(+) Σκ πλκρσθ γα ενεζκθκλάζεδ ηβθ
ΣεηΪληβ 1β Φείλκναλέκν.
As far as Microsoft products are concerned, when it comes to capitalization, there are some additional rules and
diversifications to correspondent English versions, in both software and manuals. These rules that are
typographic conventions are summarized in the following paragraphs.
Software elements
In all menu elements and all elements of dialogs (buttons, titles, options, etc) Greek will capitalize only the first
letter of the first word.
Element
English
Greek
Menu command
Page Layout...
(+) ΑδΪηαιβ ζεζέδαμ...
Button in a Dialog
Details...
(+) ΛεπηκηΫλεδεμ...
Option button (Radio button) in a
Dialog
Multiple random colors
(+) ΠκζζΪ ηνξαέα ξλυηαηα
Dialog title
Customize Toolbar
(+) Πλκζαληκΰά ΰλαηηάμ
ελΰαζεέπθ
Dialog title
Advanced Program Settings
(+) Ρνγηέζεδμ πλκΰλΪηηαηκμ ΰδα
34
Element
English
Greek
πλκξπλβηΫθκνμ
Menu element
Display Settings
(+) Ρνγηέζεδμ oγσθβμ
As noticed from the examples English strings tend to use uppercase for the beginning of each word. In Greek, this
policy is limited to terms that can be considered application names or software elements .
Element
English
Greek
Application name in a Dialog title
Program Manager
(+) Αδαξεέλδζβ ΠλκΰλαηηΪηπθ
Application name in a Dialog
title(button)
Copy to Clipboard
(+) Ώθηδΰλαθά ζηκ Πλσξεδλκ
Application name in a menu
command
Help Topics
(+) ΘΫηαηα ζηβ ΐκάγεδα
Application in a Dialog title
Find Setup Wizard
(+) Οδβΰσμ εΰεαηΪζηαζβμ ηβμ
Βτλεζβμ
Application name in a Dialog
element
Disable Plug and Play for this printer (+) Υπλέμ δνθαησηβηα
on this computer.
ΣκπκγΫηβζβμ εαδ Άηεζβμ
Λεδηκνλΰέαμ ηκν εεηνππηά ζε
ανησθ ηκθ νπκζκΰδζηά.
Element title that is not capitalized in Outlook Deleted Item Recovery
Greek
Client Extension
(+) ΒπΫεηαζβ πλκΰλΪηηαηκμπεζΪηβ Outlook ΰδα αθΪεηβζβ
δδαΰλαηηΫθπθ ζηκδξεέπθ
When software elements are referred to in documentation, such as manuals and Help, they will be displayed in
the same way that they display in the software, as far as capitalization is concerned.
Example from documentation:
(+) Ώθκέιηε ηκ Ϋΰΰλαθκ.
(+) Ώπσ ηκ ηεθκτ Αξρείν επδζΫιηε Απνζήθεπζε σο...
(+) ΚΪθηε εζδε ζηκ εκνηπέ "ΒπδζκΰΫμ".
Example from Help:
(+) ΒπδζΫιηε ηβθ εθηκζά Γεκηνπξγία απσ ηκ ηεθκτ Αξρείν.
(+) ΒπδζΫιηε ηκθ κδβΰσ πκν γΫζεηε εαδ εαησπδθ ηκ εκνηπέ "ΟΚ".
35
Headings, titles and captions
In headings, captions and images titles, Greek will capitalize only the first letter of the first word and for other
terms that require it as stated before.
Examples:
(+) ΠδθΫζκ ηκλθκπκέβζβμ (icon caption)
(-) ΠδθΫζκ Μκλθκπκέβζβμ
Lists with bullets and numbering
Phrases that are denoted by bullets and numbering start with a capital letter.
Example:
(+) Πελδζζσηελεμ πζβλκθκλέεμ ηπκλεέηε θα ίλεέηε ζηα αεσζκνγα εεθΪζαδα:
΢ηκ εεθΪζαδκ 6 επειβΰεέηαδ αθαζνηδεΪ κ ηλσπκμ δβηδκνλΰέαμ ηνπκπκδβηΫθπθ επδζηκζυθ.
΢ηκ εεθΪζαδκ 7 πελδΰλΪθεηαδ κ ηλσπκμ δβηδκνλΰέαμ εηδεεηυθ αζζβζκΰλαθέαμ.
Phrases included in lists (chapters, sections, products, system requirements, etc.) that are neither sentences nor
a sentence sequence, start with a capital letter.
Example:
(+) Άθκδΰηα εθσμ απκγβεενηΫθκν εΰΰλΪθκν 57
Γδα θα αθκέιεηε Ϋθα απκγβεενηΫθκ Ϋΰΰλαθκ 57
Γδα θα αθκέιεηε Ϋθα Ϋΰΰλαθκ πκν Ϋξεηε αθκέιεδ πκζτ πλσζθαηα 58
Γδα θα αθκέιεηε πκζζΪ Ϋΰΰλαθα ηανησξλκθα 60
Commands and key-words
In programming languages (C, Visual Basic, WordBasic, etc.) commands, the same format is maintained for
upper-case and lower-case characters both in English and Greek. The same applies for all non-localizable keywords and special terminology.
Examples:
(+) Δ εθηκζά GetWindowsDirectory
(+) Δ ξλάζβ ηβμ ζνθΪληβζβμ Anova
36
(+) ΢ηκ πζαέζδκ πκν εηθαθέαεηαδ πζβεηλκζκΰάζηε a:\setup εαδ εαησπδθ παηάζηε ηκ πζάεηλκ ENTER.
Compounds
Generally, compounds should be understandable and clear to the user. Overly long or complex compounds
should be avoided. Keep in mind that unintuitive compounds are ultimately an intelligibility and usability issue.
A group of two nouns separated by a dash does not form a compound. Each noun in the group is following
declination rules separately.
Example:
(+) ΛΫιβ-εζεδδέ
(+) ΒηθΪθδζβ ζΫιβμ-εζεδδδκτ
(+) Βπειελΰαζέα ζΫιεπθ-εζεδδδυθ
Gender
In Greek there are three grammatical genders: masculine, feminine and neuter. Gender determination can be an
issue when the referred noun is a foreign word (as in the case of unlocalized words or product/feature names), an
acronym or abbreviation or when an English adjective is used that can refer to both masculine and feminine
genders. In such cases, the gender adopted in Greek is based on convention or common usage.
Unlocalized words
As a general rule, unlocalized words take the neutral gender.
Example:
(+) ηκ Internet
(+) ηα bit
(+) ηα pixel
Product names
Please refer to the section "Product Name Gender" for information about the gender of product names.
Adjectives
In Greek, for entries that are adjectives and can appear under both genders (feminine and masculine), it is
preferable to keep only the masculine form. This is a convention adopted for the sake of brevity and is also based
on common usage in similar situations.
37
English source (appearing as a
status indication)
Greek example (+)
Greek example (-)
Online
΢νθδεδεηΫθκμ
΢νθδεδεηΫθκμ(β)
Available
ΑδαγΫζδηκμ
ΑδαγΫζδηκμ(β)
Busy
ΏπαζξκζβηΫθκμ
ΏπαζξκζβηΫθκμ(β)
English acronyms
Please refer to section "Acronyms" for more information about the gender of acronyms.
Genitive
It is known that genitive case, in singular or plural number often creates many problems as far as both the form
and the meaning are concerned. Words that sound strange or cannot be used may be produced. For instance, "κδ
ζέζηεμ - ηπθ ζδζηυθ".
It may also impede understanding, especially when numerous genitive forms exist in the same sentence, the one
adjacent to the other. This is very typical in English original texts, causing serious translation issues.
Since nouns are widely used for command names, it is obligatory in a way to use to a wide extent the genitive
case in both documentation and software components. Translators should avoid however using more than two
adjacent genitive forms in one phrase. This means that genitive case should often be replaced by nominative or
causative case, using the appropriate alternative wording.
English source
Greek example (+)
Greek example (-)
The Setup program permits the
installation of special chart fonts
(+) Σκ πλσΰλαηηα εΰεαηΪζηαζβμ
ζαμ επδηλΫπεδ θα εΰεαηαζηάζεηε
εδδδεΫμ ΰλαηηαηκζεδλΫμ ΰδα
ΰλαθάηαηα.
(-) Σκ πλσΰλαηηα ΒΰεαηΪζηαζβμ
ζαμ επδηλΫπεδ ηβθ εΰεαηΪζηαζβ
εδδδευθ ΰλαηηαηκζεδλυθ
ΰλαθβηΪηπθ.
Drop-down form field options
(+) ΒπδζκΰΫμ πεδέκν θσληαμ:
αθαπηνζζσηεθκ πζαέζδκ
(-) ΒπδζκΰΫμ πεδέκν θσληαμ
αθαπηνζζσηεθκν πζαδζέκν
Configure PrintServer Device
Defaults
(+) ΠαλΪηεηλκδ πλκεπδζκΰυθ ΰδα ηβ
ζνζεενά Αδαεκηδζηά Βεηνπυζεπθ
(-) ΠαλΪηεηλκδ πλκεπδζκΰυθ
ζνζεενάμ Αδαεκηδζηά Βεηνπυζεπθ
Modifiers
This section does not apply to Greek.
38
Nouns
General considerations
Nouns are widely used in Microsoft product localization in Greek language. Often nouns replace verbs that exist
in correspondent English text.
Plural number
For the optional plural represented by the letter ―s‖ between brackets (e.g. file(s)), it is preferable to use only the
plural form of the nouns to facilitate readability.
English source
Greek example (+)
Greek example (-)
Import component(s) that are
already registered
(+) Βδζαΰπΰά ζηκδξεέπθ πκν εέθαδ
άδβ εαηαξπλβηΫθα
(-) Βδζαΰπΰά ζηκδξεέκν(πθ) πκν
εέθαδ άδβ εαηαξπλβηΫθκ(α)
If reference to singular number is considered to be obligatory, then the issue can be treated as in the following
example.
English source
Greek example (+)
Greek example (-)
Microsoft warrants that a) the
SOFTWARE will perform
substantially in accordance with
the accompanying Product
Manual(s) for a period of 90
days from the date of receipt
(+)Δ Microsoft εΰΰνΪηαδ σηδ (α) ηκ
ΛΟΓΕ΢ΜΕΚΟ γα ζεδηκνλΰεέ κνζδαζηδεΪ
ζτηθπθα ηε ηα Βΰξεδλέδδα Πλκρσθηκμ
πκν ηκ ζνθκδετκνθ (ά ηκ Βΰξεδλέδδκ
Πλκρσθηκμ πκν ηκ ζνθκδετεδ), ΰδα
πελέκδκ εθεθάθηα (90) βηελυθ απσ
ηβθ βηελκηβθέα παλαζαίάμ
(-) Δ Microsoft εΰΰνΪηαδ σηδ (α) ηκ
ΛΟΓΕ΢ΜΕΚΟ γα ζεδηκνλΰεέ κνζδαζηδεΪ
ζτηθπθα ηε ηκ(ηα) Βΰξεδλέδδκ(α)
Πλκρσθηκμ πκν ηκ ζνθκδετεδ(κνθ), ΰδα
πελέκδκ εθεθάθηα (90) βηελυθ απσ
ηβθ βηελκηβθέα παλαζαίάμ
Inflection
The Greek nominal system displays inflection for two numbers (singular and plural), three genders (masculine,
feminine and neuter) and four cases (nominative, genitive, accusative and vocative). Refer to the normative
references for proper inflection rules.
Plural Formation
Plural formation rules are different for masculine, feminine and neutral nouns. Refer to the normative references
for proper plural formation.
39
Prepositions and Adverbs
Pay attention to the correct use of the preposition in translations. Influenced by the English language, many
translators omit them or change the word order.
In Greek, prepositions normally require the accusative case: από (from), για (for), με (with), μεηά (after), σωπίρ
(without), ωρ (as) and ζε (to, in or at). The preposition ζε, when followed by a definite article, fuses with it into
forms like ζηο (ζε + ηκ) and ζηε (ζε + ηβ). While there is only a relatively small number of simple prepositions
native to Demotic Greek, the two most basic prepositions ζε and από can enter into a large number of
combinations with preceding adverbs to form new compound prepositions, for example, πάνω ζε (on), κάηω από
(underneath), πλάι ζε (beside) etc.
US Expression
Greek Expression
Comment
with respect to
αθκλΪ
Avoid structure ―αθκλΪ ζε‖
Errors in the use of adverbs and adverbial prepositions are quite frequent in Greek. A list of the most common
mistakes and how to avoid them is included below.
πνύ and πώο
The interrogative words "πκτ" and "πυμ" should always be accented. However, when the same words are used
as relative pronouns they should not bear an accent.
English
Greek example (+)
Comment
Are you sure you want to delete this
file?
(+) Βέζηε ίΫίαδκδ πσο γΫζεηε θα
δδαΰλΪοεηε ανησ ηκ αλξεέκ;
Used as subordinating conjunction
You can add synchronization tasks
to your schedule and remove or edit
existing ones.
(+) Μπκλεέηε θα πλκζγΫζεηε
ελΰαζέεμ ζνΰξλκθδζηκτ ζηκ
ξλκθκδδΪΰλαηηΪ ζαμ εαδ θα
αθαδλΫζεηε ά θα επειελΰαζηεέηε
εΪπκδεμ πνπ άδβ νπΪλξκνθ.
Used as a relative pronoun
Documented examples that show
you how to create and customize
Microsoft Access databases, and
ready-to-use applications.
(+) ΣεεηβλδπηΫθα παλαδεέΰηαηα
πκν ζαμ δεέξθκνθ πώο θα
δβηδκνλΰεέηε εαδ θα πλκζαλησαεηε
ίΪζεδμ δεδκηΫθπθ ηβμ Microsoft
Access, εαγυμ εαδ εθαληκΰΫμ
Ϋηκδηεμ πλκμ ξλάζβ.
Used as a modal adverb
A dialog box will appear, asking
where to save the file.
Used as an adverb of place
(+) Θα εηθαθδζηεέ Ϋθα παλΪγνλκ
δδαζσΰκν ηκ κπκέκ γα ζαμ λπηΪ πνύ
40
English
Greek example (+)
Comment
πλΫπεδ θα απκγβεενηεέ ηκ αλξεέκ.
How does this computer currently
connect to a network?
(+) Πώο ζνθδΫεηαδ ανηάθ ηβ ζηδΰηά κ Used as a modal adverb
νπκζκΰδζηάμ ζε Ϋθα δέεηνκ;
Where are the files and settings?
(+) Πνύ εέθαδ ηα αλξεέα εαδ κδ
λνγηέζεδμ;
Used as an adverb of place
ζαλ and σο
Caution should be exercised when using phrases that include the adverbs "πμ" and "ζαθ". The first thing to keep
in mind is not to overuse these adverbs but to use them only when necessary. Also, a clear distinction should be
made between "ζαθ" which introduces a comparison (or simile) and the word "πμ". The grammar case of the
modifier that follows these words should match the case of the referred or inferred noun (or pronoun).
Greek example (+)
Greek example (-)
(+) Ολδζησμ ηκν εεηνππηά σο πλκεπδζεΰηΫθνπ
(-) Ολδζησμ ηκν εεηνππηά ζαθ πλκεπδζεΰηΫθκν
(+) Φσληπζβ πλκητπκν σο εαγκζδενύ
(-) Φσληπζβ πλκητπκν πμ εαγκζδεσ
(+) Φαθηαζηεέηε ηβθ κγσθβ ηπθ Windows ζαλ ηβθ
επδθΪθεδα ηκν ΰλαθεέκν ζαμ.
(-) Φαθηαζηεέηε ηβθ κγσθβ ηπθ Windows πμ ηβθ
επδθΪθεδα ηκν ΰλαθεέκν ζαμ.
σο and έσο
Although the words "πμ" and "Ϋπμ" are ofter used interchangeably in verbal speech, a distinction should be made
when they are used in software or documentation. The preposition "Ϋπμ" is used when we want to define a time
interval or a size interval.
Greek example (+)
Greek example (-)
(+) Μπκλεέηε θα πζβεηλκζκΰάζεηε ηδα ηδηά απσ 0
έσο 256.
(-) Μπκλεέηε θα πζβεηλκζκΰάζεηε ηδα ηδηά απσ 0 πμ 256
(+) Σεζενηαέα απκγάεενζβ: Ώπσ: ΥΥ/ΥΥ/ΥΥ Έσο:
ΤΤ/ΤΤ/ΤΤ
(-) Σεζενηαέα απκγάεενζβ: Ώπσ: ΥΥ/ΥΥ/ΥΥ Χμ:
ΤΤ/ΤΤ/ΤΤ
(+) Κλαηάζηε ηκ εΪζνηηα αθκδξησ εαηΪ δεεαπΫθηε
έσο ηλδΪθηα εεαηκζηΪ...
(-) Κλαηάζηε ηκ εΪζνηηα αθκδξησ εαηΪ δεεαπΫθηε πμ
ηλδΪθηα εεαηκζηΪ…
όπσο
Nouns in subordinate clauses introduced with the adverb "σππμ" should agree in case and number with the
nouns they help to define. Thus if the defining noun is in accusative case, then the nouns in the subordinate
clause should be in accusative also, since the same verb is implied and they function as 'objects' of that verb.
41
For example: Δ Microsoft πλκζθΫλεδ δδΪθκλα πλκΰλΪηηαηα, σππμ (πλκζθΫλεδ) ηα Windows, ηκθ Internet
Explorer, ηκ Outlook.
It is possible to include the nouns in the subordinate clause in nominative case, but only when the verb "εέθαδ" is
interjected after "σππμ".
For example: Δ Microsoft πλκζθΫλεδ δδΪθκλα πλκΰλΪηηαηα, σππμ εέθαδ ηα Windows, o Internet Explorer, ηκ
Outlook.
English
Greek example (+)
Greek example (-)
You can configure the settings for
the wiki page library, such as
permissions, page history, and
incoming links, from the Page tab on
the ribbon.
(+) Μπκλεέηε θα λνγηέζεηε ηδμ
παλαηΫηλκνμ ΰδα ηβ ίδίζδκγάεβ
ζεζέδπθ wiki, σππμ ηα δδεαδυηαηα,
ηκ δζηκλδεσ ζεζέδαμ εαδ ηηο
εδζελξσηεθεμ ζνθδΫζεδμ απσ ηβθ
εαληΫζα ΢εζέδα ζηβθ ΚκλδΫζα.
(-) Μπκλεέηε θα λνγηέζεηε ηδμ
παλαηΫηλκνμ ΰδα ηβ ίδίζδκγάεβ
ζεζέδπθ wiki, σππμ ηα δδεαδυηαηα,
ηκ δζηκλδεσ ζεζέδαμ εαδ κδ
εδζελξσηεθεμ ζνθδΫζεδμ απσ ηβθ
εαληΫζα ΢εζέδα ζηβθ ΚκλδΫζα.
απιά and απιώο
The two adverbs "απζΪ" and "απζυμ" should not be confused as their meaning differs. "απζΪ" means "simply", "in
a simple way" while "απζυμ" is a synonym of "ησθκ" ("only").
Greek example (+)
Greek example (-)
(+) Μπκλεέηε θα δβηδκνλΰάζεηε απζΪ Ϋθα θΫκ
Ϋΰΰλαθκ, επδζΫΰκθηαμ ηκ εκνηπέ...
(-) Μπκλεέηε θα δβηδκνλΰάζεηε απζυμ Ϋθα θΫκ Ϋΰΰλαθκ
επδζΫΰκθηαμ ηκ εκνηπέ...
Ώπζυμ πζβεηλκζκΰάζηε ηκ σθκηα ηκν αλξεέκν.
ΏπζΪ πζβεηλκζκΰάζηε ηκ σθκηα ηκν αλξεέκν.
άκεζα and ακέζσο
"Ϊηεζα" is the opposite of "Ϋηηεζα" and a synonym to "απενγεέαμ". The adverb "αηΫζπμ" usually has a temporal
meaning.
Greek example (+)
Greek example (-)
(+) Μσζδμ αθκέιεηε Ϋθα θΫκ Ϋΰΰλαθκ, ηπκλεέηε
αηΫζπμ θα αλξέζεηε ηβθ εδζαΰπΰά ηπθ δεδκηΫθπθ
ζαμ.
(-) Μσζδμ αθκέιεηε Ϋθα θΫκ Ϋΰΰλαθκ, ηπκλεέηε Ϊηεζα θα
αλξέζεηε ηβθ εδζαΰπΰά ηπθ δεδκηΫθπθ ζαμ.
Μπκλεέηε θα επειελΰαζηεέηε αηΫζπμ ηβθ εδεσθα.
Μπκλεέηε θα επειελΰαζηεέηε Ϊηεζα ηβθ εδεσθα.
ηέιεηα and ηειείσο
"ηΫζεδα" means "perfect" ("ηε ηεζεδσηβηα"). The adverb "ηεζεέπμ" means "totally" ("εθηεζυμ").
42
Greek example (+)
Greek example (-)
(+) Έηζδ ηκ πζΪηκμ ηβμ εδεσθαμ πλκζαλησαεηαδ ηΫζεδα
ζηκ πζΪηκμ ηβμ ζεζέδαμ.
(-) Έηζδ ηκ πζΪηκμ ηβμ εδεσθαμ πλκζαλησαεηαδ ηεζεέπμ
ζηκ πζΪηκμ ηβμ ζεζέδαμ.
πξηλ and κεηά
The adverb "πλδθ", when used without a verb, is always followed by the preposition "απσ". In contrast, the adverb
"ηεηΪ" should not be followed by the preposition "απσ".
Greek example (+)
Greek example (-)
(+) Σκπκγεηάζηε ηκ δλκηΫα πλδθ απσ ηβ ζΫιβ πκν
γΫζεηε θα δδαΰλΪοεηε
(-) Σκπκγεηάζηε ηκ δλκηΫα πλδθ ηβ ζΫιβ πκν γΫζεηε θα
δδαΰλΪοεηε.
(+) Σκ αλξεέκ γα εδζαξγεέ ηεηΪ ηβθ ηλΫξκνζα γΫζβ
ηκν δλκηΫα.
(-) Σκ αλξεέκ γα εδζαξγεέ ηεηΪ απσ ηβθ ηλΫξκνζα γΫζβ
ηκν δλκηΫα.
Pronouns
General considerations
Pronoun usage is much more extensive in English compared to Greek. Consequently caution should be exercised
not to overuse pronouns in Greek because this may lead to misunderstandings and ambivalence. Sometimes it is
better to repear words within a sentence than to use pronouns which may lead to ambivalent phrasing.
Personal pronouns
There are strong pronouns (stressed, free) and weak pronouns (unstressed, clitic).
Nominative pronouns only have the strong form (except in some minor environments) and are used as subjects
only when special emphasis is intended, since unstressed subjects recoverable from context are not overtly
expressed anyway. The strong third-person forms function simultaneously as generic demonstratives ('this, that').
English
Greek example (+)
Comment
You fill in the title, author, date, and
other information.
(+) Δζείο γα ζνηπζβλυζεηε ηκθ
ηέηζκ, ηκ ζνθηΪεηβ, ηβθ βηελκηβθέα
Strong form of nominative secondperson pronoun
43
English
Greek example (+)
Comment
εαδ Ϊζζεμ πζβλκθκλέεμ.
The {0} for this site and these
additional terms apply to your
submission.
(+) Οδ {0} απηήο ηβμ ηκπκγεζέαμ εαδ
απηνί κδ πλσζγεηκδ σλκδ δζξτκνθ ΰδα
ηβθ νπκίκζά ζαμ.
Strong form of third-person
pronouns
Genitive (possessive) pronouns are used in their weak forms as pre-verbal clitics to express indirect objects and
as a post-nominal clitic to express possession.
English
Greek example (+)
Comment
There are host distribution rules that
prevent us from suggesting change
to your configuration
(+) ΤπΪλξκνθ εαθσθεμ δδαθκηάμ
εεθηλδευθ δδαεκηδζηυθ πκν καο
εηπκδέακνθ θα πλκηεέθκνηε αζζαΰΫμ
ΰδα ηβ λτγηδζβ παλαηΫηλπθ ζαο
Weak form of accusative firstperson pronoun and genitive
(possessive) second-person
pronoun
You will be prompted to activate
your software when it is restarted.
(+) Θα ζαο αβηβγεέ θα
εθελΰκπκδάζεηε ηκ ζκΰδζηδεσ ζαο,
αθκτ επαθεεεδθβγεέ.
Weak form of accusative secondperson pronoun and genitive
second-person pronoun
The strong genitive forms are relatively rare and used only for special emphasis; often they are doubled by the
weak forms.
English
Greek example (+)
Comment
Database experts ask you questions
about a commonly used item you
want to create, and then build it for
you.
(+) Βδδδεκέ ΰδα ίΪζεδμ δεδκηΫθπθ
ζΪμ γΫηκνθ ελπηάζεδμ ζξεηδεΪ ηε
Ϋθα ζηκδξεέκ πκν γΫζεηε θα
δβηδκνλΰάζεηε, ηκ κπκέκ
ξλβζδηκπκδεέηαδ ζνξθΪ, εαδ ζηβ
ζνθΫξεδα ηκ δβηδκνλΰκτθ ΰδα εζάο.
Strong form of genitive secondperson pronoun
We have created reports about the
errors for you to send to us.
(+) Έξκνηε δβηδκνλΰάζεδ αθαθκλΫμ
ζξεηδεΪ ηε ηα ζθΪζηαηα ΰδα θα ηδμ
ζηεέζεηε ζε εκάο.
Strong form of genitive first-person
pronoun
Accusative pronouns exist both in a weak and a strong form. The weak form is used as a pre-verbal clitic. The
weak third-person forms are similar to the corresponding forms of the definite article.
44
English
Greek example (+)
Comment
To import from this file, first convert
the file by cancelling out of the
wizard, and then open the file and
save it to a supported format.
(+) Γδα θα εΪθεηε εδζαΰπΰά απσ
ανησ ηκ αλξεέκ, ηεηαηλΫοηε ην
πλυηα, εαηαλΰυθηαμ ην απσ ηκθ
κδβΰσ εαδ ηεηΪ αθκέιηε ηκ αλξεέκ εαδ
απκγβεετζηε ην ζε ηκλθά πκν
νπκζηβλέαεηαδ.
Weak form of accusative thirdperson pronoun
If you know the values in the form
that specify the e-mail addresses,
revise them and try again.
(+) ΒΪθ ΰθπλέαεηε ηδμ ηδηΫμ ζηβ
θσληα πκν εαγκλέακνθ ηδμ
δδενγτθζεδμ βζεεηλκθδεκτ
ηαξνδλκηεέκν, αθαγεπλάζηε ηηο εαδ
πλκζπαγάζηε πΪζδ.
Weak form of accusative thirdperson pronoun
The strong form is used elsewhere in the clause.
English
Greek example (+)
Comment
The server is unavailable and could
not be accessed.
(+) Ο δδαεκηδζηάμ δεθ άηαθ
δδαγΫζδηκμ εαδ δεθ εέθαδ δνθαηά β
πλσζίαζβ ζε απηόλ.
Strong form of accusative thirdperson pronoun
Third-person pronouns have separate forms for the three genders; those of the first and second person do not.
Please find below a table listing all of the above-mentioned forms.
3rd person
1st person
Singular
2nd person
Masculine
Feminine
Neutral
Nominative
εΰυ
εζτ
ανησμ
ανηά
ανησ
Genitive
εηΫθα
εζΫθα
ανηoτ
ανηάμ
ανηκτ
Accusative
εηΫθα
εζΫθα
ανησθ
ανηάθ
ανησ
Nominative
εηεέμ
εζεέμ
ανηκέ
ανηΫμ
ανηΪ
Genitive
εηΪμ
εζΪμ
ανηυθ
ανηυθ
ανηυθ
Accusative
εηΪμ
εζΪμ
ανηκτμ
ανηΫμ
ανηΪ
Nominative
–
–
ηκμ
ηβ
ηκ
Strong
Plural
Weak
Singular
45
Plural
Genitive
ηκν
ζκν
ηκν
ηβμ
ηκν
Accusative
ηε
ζε
ηκθ
ηβ(θ)
ηκ
Nominative
–
–
ηκδ
ηεμ
ηα
Genitive
ηαμ
ζαμ
ηκνμ
ηκνμ
ηκνμ
Accusative
ηαμ
ζαμ
ηκνμ
ηδμ
ηα
When to use an accent
Σhe weak forms of personal pronouns (ηκν, ζκν, ηκν, ηβμ, ηκθ, ηβθ, ηκ, ηαμ, ζαμ, ηκνμ, ηα) should bear an accent
when it is possible to confuse them with possessive pronouns. When there is no such risk, they are unaccented.
This issue is very common with the pronoun "ζαμ".
In the following example, if the accent is removed from "ζαμ", then the word may be mistaken for a possessive
pronoun thus altering the meaning of the sentence.
English
Greek example (+)
Greek example (-)
These settings let you add and
remove profile associations with
your printer
(+) ΏνηΫμ κδ λνγηέζεδμ ζάο
επδηλΫπκνθ θα πλκζγΫηεηε εαδ θα
εαηαλΰεέηε ζνζξεηέζεδμ πλκθέζ ΰδα
ηκθ εεηνππηά ζαμ
(-) ΏνηΫμ κδ λνγηέζεδμ ζαο
επδηλΫπκνθ θα πλκζγΫηεηε εαδ θα
εαηαλΰεέηε ζνζξεηέζεδμ πλκθέζ ΰδα
ηκθ εεηνππηά ζαμ
Special notes
κία θαη κηα
The indefinite pronoun "ηδα" never bears an accent. The numerical "ηέα" may or may not bear an accent (similar
to the numerical "δτκ"). In Microsoft products however the accented form "ηέα" is preferred for reasons of
emphasis. An easy way to distinguish the two is to refer to the English source. If the English source has the word
"one", then the numerical "ηέα" should be used.
English
Greek example (+)
Comment
One Page
(+) Μέα ζεζέδα
The numerical "ηέα" should be
used.
Enter a valid value for the specified
property.
(+) ΒδζαΰΪΰεηε ηδα Ϋΰενλβ ηδηά ΰδα
ηβθ δδδσηβηα πκν εαγκλέζηβεε.
The indefinite pronoun "ηδα" should
be used.
46
ό,ηη
Caution should be exercised when using the relative pronoun "σ,ηδ" which bears a decimal comma. To distinguish
the pronoun from the conjunction "σηδ" (which does not bear a decimal comma), try to replace it with the word
"κηδδάπκηε". If it can be semantically replaced by the word "κηδδάπκηε", then a comma should be used (σ,ηδ).
Greek example (+)
Greek example (-)
(+) ΋,ηδ (οηιδήποηε) εδ αθ ζνηίεέ, ζηκ δέζεκ ζαμ γα
νπΪλξεδ Ϋθα αθηέΰλαθκ αζθαζεέαμ.
(-) ΋ηδ εδ αθ ζνηίεέ, ζηκ δέζεκ ζαμ γα νπΪλξεδ Ϋθα
αθηέΰλαθκ αζθαζεέαμ.
(+) Βέθαδ πλκθαθΫμ σηδ ζηκ δέζεκ ζαμ γα νπΪλξεδ Ϋθα
αθηέΰλαθκ αζθαζεέαμ.
(-) Βέθαδ πλκθαθΫμ σ,ηδ ζηκ δέζεκ ζαμ γα νπΪλξεδ Ϋθα
αθηέΰλαθκ αζθαζεέαμ.
Punctuation
General
Punctuation is of high importance in order to render appropriately a text in Greek language. Signs of punctuation
are often abused, especially the comma. This can result in highly negative effects as far as reading
comprehension is concerned. Furthermore there are some rules that concern typographic conventions in
punctuation usage.
Apostrophe
It is recommended that apostrophe is not used in software or documentation. Some of the vowel modifications
that are usually marked by an apostrophe (especially "αθαέλεζβ" and "απκεκπά") are not necessary in written
texts – aside from special cases.
Comma
Comma is the most commonly used punctuation mark in all software and manual elements. Its erroneous usage
can cause many problems in reader's text comprehension. It is important to bear in mind that comma is not used
in the same way in English and Greek language.
English
Greek example (+)
Greek example (-)
Capture, organize, and find your
notes and information in one place.
(+) ΚαηαΰλΪοηε, κλΰαθυζηε εαδ
εθηκπέζηε ηδμ ζβηεδυζεδμ εαδ ηδμ
πζβλκθκλέεμ ζαμ ζε Ϋθα ζβηεέκ.
(-) ΚαηαΰλΪοηε, κλΰαθυζηε, εαδ
εθηκπέζηε ηδμ ζβηεδυζεδμ εαδ ηδμ
πζβλκθκλέεμ ζαμ ζε Ϋθα ζβηεέκ.
47
A comma is used to separate:
a) Words or phrases of the same type or with the same function within the sentence. No comma is used when the
these words are joined with the conjunctions "εαδ" or "ά".
Greek example (+)
(+) Με ηκ Excel ηπκλεέηε θα δβηδκνλΰάζεηε δδζδδΪζηαηα ΰλαθάηαηα πέηαμ, λΪίδπθ, ζηβζυθ, επδθαθεδυθ εαδ
δδαζπκλΪμ.
(+) Μπκλεέηε θα αθηδΰλΪοεηε, θα επδεκζζάζεηε ά θα απκεσοεηε ηβθ επδζεΰηΫθβ πελδκξά.
(+) Βπδζκΰά κλγκΰυθδκν ηηάηαηκμ ΰδα ηεηαεέθβζβ, απκεκπά ά δδσλγπζβ.
b) Descriptive words or phrases, which can omitted without affecting the meaning of the primary clause.
Greek example (+)
(+) Σκ Word, ηκ πδκ δδαδεδκηΫθκ πλσΰλαηηα επειελΰαζέαμ εεδηΫθκν ζηκθ εσζηκ, ζαμ παλΫξεδ πκζζΫμ
δνθαησηβηεμ ζηβ δδαξεέλδζβ εΰΰλΪθπθ.
c) Subordinate clauses from the primary clause, especially when the subordinate clause signifies cause (επεδδά
ε.ζπ.), result (υζηε ε.ζπ.), hypothesis (εΪθ ε.ζπ.), opposition (αθ εαδ ε.ζπ.), time (σηαθ ε.ζπ.) and purpose (ΰδα θα
ε.ζπ), especially when the purpose clause precedes the primary clause or is too long.
Greek example (+)
(+) ΋ηαθ αθκέιεηε ηκ Ϋΰΰλαθκ, ηπκλεέηε θα δδκλγυζεηε ηκ πλσίζβηα.
(+) ΒΪθ επδζΫιεηε ηκ εκνηπέ ανησ, γα εηθαθδζηεέ ηκ αεσζκνγκ παλΪγνλκ δδαζσΰκν.
(+) Γδα θα δεέηε αθ νπΪλξκνθ Ϊζζεμ εαηεζηλαηηΫθεμ πελδκξΫμ ζε ανησθ ηκ δέζεκ, εεηεζΫζηε Ϋθα ζξκζαζηδεσ
Ϋζεΰξκ ηυλα.
(+) ΦλΪζβ γεπλεέηαδ ηδα ζνθεξσηεθβ ζεδλΪ ζΫιεπθ ζε Ϋθα Ϋΰΰλαθκ, αθ εαδ κδ ζΫιεδμ ηπκλεέ θα δδαξπλέακθηαδ
ηεηαιτ ηκνμ απσ εεθκτμ ξαλαεηάλεμ ά απσ ζβηεέα ζηέιβμ.
(+) Σκ Word 97 ζξεδδΪζηβεε ΰδα θα ζαμ δυζεδ σζα ηα πζεκθεεηάηαηα ηβμ λαΰδαέα ειεζδζζσηεθβμ ηεξθκζκΰέαμ,
υζηε θα ηπκλεέηε θα ελΰΪαεζηε ηε θΫεμ εαδ απκηεζεζηαηδεσηελεμ ηεγσδκνμ.
48
Many times, when the subordinate clause follows the primary clause, it is not necessary to use a comma. This is
true especially with final clauses.
Greek example (+)
(+) Ώνησ ηκ πλσΰλαηηα γα εζΫΰιεδ ηκ ζτζηβηΪ ζαμ ΰδα θα δδαπδζηπγεέ αθ Ϋξεηε δδεαέπηα θα ξλβζδηκπκδάζεηε
ανηάθ ηβθ εδδδεά Ϋεδκζβ αθαίΪγηδζβμ.
d) Parenthetical clauses:
Greek example (+)
(+) Σκ Word, σππμ ιΫλεηε, Ϋξεδ πκζζΫμ δνθαησηβηεμ.
(+) Σκ ΰλΪθβηα, σππμ ηπκλεέηε θα δεέηε, δεθ εέθαδ αλεεηΪ ενελδθΫμ.
(+) Σκ Word, αθκτ ζεζδδκπκδάζεδ ηκ Ϋΰΰλαθκ, ηκ εεηνπυθεδ.
e) Adverbial phrases, when they pertain to the whole sentence, when they are too long or when emphasis is
needed.
Greek example (+)
(+) Ανζηνξυμ, ξΪζαηε.
A comma should not be used to separate:
a) The subject, the object or the predicate from the verb. Also, the adjectival, attributive and adverbial adjuncts
from the term which they describe.
Greek example (+)
Greek example (-)
(+) Με ηκ Microsoft Excel ηπκλεέηε θα δβηδκνλΰεέηε εαδ
θα απκγβεετεηε πμ ζενάπια ζτθκζα δεδκηΫθπθ πκν
παλΪΰκνθ δδΪθκλα απκηεζΫζηαηα.
(-) Με ηκ Microsoft Excel ηπκλεέηε θα δβηδκνλΰεέηε εαδ
θα απκγβεετεηε πμ ζενάπια, ζτθκζα δεδκηΫθπθ πκν
παλΪΰκνθ δδΪθκλα απκηεζΫζηαηα.
(+) ΢ηβ ΰλαηηά ητππθ επδζΫιηε ηκνμ ξαλαεηάλεμ πκν
(-)΢ηβ ΰλαηηά ητππθ, επδζΫιηε ηκνμ ξαλαεηάλεμ πκν
49
Greek example (+)
Greek example (-)
γΫζεηε θα αθηδΰλΪοεηε.
γΫζεηε θα αθηδΰλΪοεηε.
b) Words or phrases which are joined by the conjunctions "εαδ", "κτηε", "εέηε" and "ά", with the adversative adverb
"παλΪ" or the comparative conjunction "παλΪ".
Greek example (+)
Greek example (-)
(+) Αεθ γα ηπκλεέηε πζΫκθ κτηε θα αθκέιεηε ηκ Ϋΰΰλαθκ
κτηε θα ηκ ηλκπκπκδάζεηε.
(-) Αεθ γα ηπκλεέηε πζΫκθ, κτηε θα αθκέιεηε ηκ
Ϋΰΰλαθκ, κτηε θα ηκ ηλκπκπκδάζεηε.
(+) Έξεηε ηβ δνθαησηβηα θα αθκέιεηε ηκ Ϋΰΰλαθκ εέηε ηε
ηβθ εθηκζά Άθκδΰηα εέηε επδζΫΰκθηαμ ηκ εκνηπέ Άθκδΰα
πκν ίλέζεεηαδ ζηβ ΐαζδεά ΰλαηηά ελΰαζεέπθ.
(-) Έξεηε ηβ δνθαησηβηα θα αθκέιεηε ηκ Ϋΰΰλαθκ, εέηε
ηε ηβθ εθηκζά Άθκδΰηα, εέηε επδζΫΰκθηαμ ηκ εκνπέ
Άθκδΰα πκν ίλέζεεηαδ ζηβ ΐαζδεά ΰλαηηά ελΰαζεέπθ.
(+) Θα ζνθεξέζεηε ηκθ πλκΰλαηηαηδζησ ελΰαζδυθ παλΪ
ηβθ αθαζηκζά ηκν %1;
(-) Θα ζνθεξέζεηε ηκθ πλκΰλαηηαηδζησ ελΰαζδυθ,
παλΪ ηβθ αθαζηκζά ηκν %1;
(+) Σα πλκΰλΪηηαηΪ ζαμ εεηεζκτθηαδ πδκ ΰλάΰκλα παλΪ (-) Σα πλκΰλΪηηαηΪ ζαμ εεηεζκτθηαδ πδκ ΰλάΰκλα,
πκηΫ.
παλΪ πκηΫ.
Sometimes, a comma before "εαδ" may be employed to facilitate the flow of the sentence.
Greek example (+)
(+) Σκ πλσίζβηα ανησ ζτθεηαδ, εαδ ηΪζδζηα ηε πκζτ ετεκζκ ηλσπκ.
c) Relative subordinate clauses introduced by "πκν" or "κπκέκμ/α/κ".
Greek example (+)
Greek example (-)
(+) Αεθ ηπκλεέηε θα δδαξπλέζεηε Ϋθα θΪεεζκ, εΪθ
ίλέζεεηαδ ζε θΪεεζκ κ κπκέκμ Ϋξεδ δδεσ ηκν
ζνΰξλκθδζηΫθκ αθηέΰλαθκ.
(-) Αεθ ηπκλεέηε θα δδαξπλέζεηε Ϋθα θΪεεζκ, εΪθ
ίλέζεεηαδ ζε θΪεεζκ, κ κπκέκμ Ϋξεδ δδεσ ηκν
ζνΰξλκθδζηΫθκ αθηέΰλαθκ.
(+) ΒπδζΫιηε ηκθ θΪεεζκ πκν πελδΫξεδ ηκ αλξεέκ ηκ κπκέκ (-) ΒπδζΫιηε ηκθ θΪεεζκ πκν πελδΫξεδ ηκ αλξεέκ, ηκ
γα επαθαθΫλεηε.
κπκέκ γα επαθαθΫλεηε.
50
Greek example (+)
Greek example (-)
(+) ΒΪθ Ϋξεηε άδβ ηκθ Internet Explorer 4 εαδ γΫζεηε θα
εΰεαηαζηάζεηε πλσζγεηα ζηκδξεέα πκν παλαζεέοαηε,
(-) ΒΪθ Ϋξεηε άδβ ηκθ Internet Explorer 4 εαδ γΫζεηε θα
εΰεαηαζηάζεηε πλσζγεηα ζηκδξεέα, πκν παλαζεέοαηε,
The same applies for prepositional relative clauses:
Greek example (+)
Greek example (-)
(+) Πζβεηλκζκΰάζηε ά πλκζδδκλέζηε ηβ δδαδλκηά πλκμ
ηκ Ϋΰΰλαθκ ζηκ κπκέκ γΫζεηε θα δβηδκνλΰάζεηε ηβ
ζτθδεζβ.
(-) Πζβεηλκζκΰάζηε ά πλκζδδκλέζηε ηβ δδαδλκηά
πλκμ ηκ Ϋΰΰλαθκ, ζηκ κπκέκ γΫζεηε θα δβηδκνλΰάζεηε
ηβ ζτθδεζβ.
(+) Καγκλδζησμ ηκν εζεδδδκτ ηβηλυκν απσ ηκ κπκέκ γα
ιεεδθάζεδ β ειαΰπΰά.
(-) Καγκλδζησμ ηκν εζεδδδκτ ηβηλυκν, απσ ηκ κπκέκ
γα ιεεδθάζεδ β ειαΰπΰά.
(+) Ο παλαπΪθπ εεηνππηάμ δεθ νπκζηβλέαεηαδ απσ ηκ
πλσΰλαηηα κδάΰβζβμ ηε ηκ κπκέκ Ϋξεδ ζνζξεηδζηεέ.
(-) Ο παλαπΪθπ εεηνππηάμ δεθ νπκζηβλέαεηαδ απσ
ηκ πλσΰλαηηα κδάΰβζβμ, ηε ηκ κπκέκ Ϋξεδ
ζνζξεηδζηεέ.
However, a comma is needed to separate relative clauses which function parenthetically within the sentence (as
"παλΪγεζβ" or "επειάΰβζβ").
Greek example (+)
Greek example (-)
(+) Ώνηά β δδζεΫηα αθαέλεζβμ αθκλΪ ηκ αλξεέκ ησηκν
%1:\\\\%S.%2, ηκ κπκέκ δεθ νπΪλξεδ ζε ανησθ ηκθ
νπκζκΰδζηά.
(-) Ώνηά β δδζεΫηα αθαέλεζβμ αθκλΪ ηκ αλξεέκ ησηκν
%1:\\\\%S.%2 ηκ κπκέκ δεθ νπΪλξεδ ζε ανησθ ηκθ
νπκζκΰδζηά.
(+) Σκ Microsoft Chat, ηκ κπκέκ παζδσηελα κθκηαασηαθ
Comic Chat, εέθαδ Ϋθα θΫκ εέδκμ πλκΰλΪηηαηκμ
ζνθκηδζέαμ.
(-) Σκ Microsoft Chat ηκ κπκέκ παζδσηελα κθκηαασηαθ
Comic Chat εέθαδ Ϋθα θΫκ εέδκμ πλκΰλΪηηαηκμ
ζνθκηδζέαμ.
d) Participial phrases, when they are short and function as adverbial adjuncts. They are separated by a comma
however, when they are too long and/or function as subordinate adverbial clauses.
Greek example (+)
Greek example (-)
(+) Ξεεδθυθηαμ ηκ Microsoft Excel εηθαθέαεηαδ β
(-) Ξεεδθυθηαμ ηκ Microsoft Excel, εηθαθέαεηαδ β
51
Greek example (+)
Greek example (-)
αεσζκνγβ κγσθβ.
αεσζκνγβ κγσθβ.
(+) Μπκλεέηε θα αθκέιεηε Ϋθα θΫκ Ϋΰΰλαθκ επδζΫΰκθηαμ
ηκ εκνηπέ "Αβηδκνλΰέα" απσ ηβ ίαζδεά ΰλαηηά
ελΰαζεέπθ.
(-) Μπκλεέηε θα αθκέιεηε Ϋθα θΫκ Ϋΰΰλαθκ,
επδζΫΰκθηαμ ηκ εκνηπέ "Αβηδκνλΰέα" απσ ηβ ίαζδεά
ΰλαηηά ελΰαζεέπθ.
(+) Ώθκέΰκθηαμ ηκ ετλδκ Ϋΰΰλαθκ εαδ ηα ζνθδεδεηΫθα ηε
ανησ δενηελετκθηα Ϋΰΰλαθα (=εΪθ αθκέιεηε...), Ϋξεηε ηβ
δνθαησηβηα θα...
(-) Ώθκέΰκθηαμ ηκ ετλδκ Ϋΰΰλαθκ εαδ ηα ζνθδεδεηΫθα
ηε ανησ δενηελετκθηα Ϋΰΰλαθα (=εΪθ αθκέιεηε...)
Ϋξεηε ηβ δνθαησηβηα θα...
For a more detailed explanation and guidelines of the usage of 'comma' in Greek, translators are advised to refer
to the nominative and informative references listed in the "Recommended References" section.
Colon
Colon is widely used in both software and manuals and extra attention should be paid concerning capitalization of
following letter. Colon is usually used in two ways: either to remark to the reader that the text that follows is an
explanation of a phrase‘s general meaning (often, after a generic or vague wording) or in order to enter a list (e.g.
actions list etc.).
In the first case, the word after the colon is written in lower-case.
English
Greek example (+)
Monochrome printer: No Color Management
(+) Μκθσξλπηκμ εεηνππηάμ: δεθ εθαλησαεηαδ β
Αδαξεέλδζβ ΥλπηΪηπθ
Basic management: Determines how colors will appear
in your screen and in your printer.
(+) ΐαζδεά δδαξεέλδζβ: εαγκλδζησμ ηβμ εηθΪθδζβμ ηπθ
ξλπηΪηπθ ζηβθ κγσθβ εαδ ηκθ εεηνππηά ζαμ.
However, there are some exceptions to this rule, especially when you want to emphasize the sentence that
follows. Most common cases are those introduced with words as "Caution", "Note" or "Warning".
English
Greek example (+)
Caution: Setup will delete any files in this disk.
(+) Πλκζκξά: Δ ΒΰεαηΪζηαζβ γα δδαΰλΪοεδ ηνξσθ
νπΪλξκθηα αλξεέα ζε ανηάθ ηβ δδζεΫηα.
52
English
Greek example (+)
Note: Some devices in your computer may not appear in
this list. Setup will locate and configure these devices at
a later stage.
(+) ΢βηεέπζβ: ΟλδζηΫθεμ ζνζεενΫμ ηκν νπκζκΰδζηά
ζαμ έζπμ δεθ παλκνζδΪακθηαδ ζε ανηάθ ηβ ζέζηα. Δ
ΒΰεαηΪζηαζβ γα ίλεδ εαδ γα λνγηέζεδ ανηΫμ ηδμ
ζνζεενΫμ αλΰσηελα.
WARNING: Any files on this disk will be permanently
deleted.
(+) ΠΡΟΒΕΑΟΠΟΕΔ΢Δ: ΋ζα αλξεέα νπΪλξκνθ ζηβ
δδζεΫηα γα δδαΰλαθκτθ κλδζηδεΪ.
In the second case, the same rules apply that govern the use of capitalization in lists. See also section
"Capitalization".
English
Greek example (+)
To use Microsoft Office 2010 you must have:
* A computer with 500 MHz or faster
processor
* At least 256 MB RAM
(+) Γδα θα ξλβζδηκπκδάζεηε ηκ Microsoft Office 2010
πλΫπεδ θα Ϋξεηε:
* Έθαθ νπκζκΰδζηά ηε επειελΰαζηά ηκνζΪξδζηκθ
500 MHz
* ΣκνζΪξδζηκθ 256 Μΐ RAM
Colon is also used as a list separator in software elements.
Example:
(+) Δ πελδκξά εεζδυθ C1:D9
Dashes and Hyphens
Three different dash characters are used in English:
Hyphen
The hyphen is used to divide words between syllables, to link parts of a compound word and to connect the parts
of some colloquial expressions. There must not be any spaces between words and hyphen. In this case, the
discretionary hyphen (Ctrl+Shift+Hyphen) must be used in order not to separate compound words.
Example:
(+) Key-word, ζδΰΪ-ζδΰΪ
53
En Dash
The en dash is used as a minus sign, usually with spaces before and after. The en dash is usually half the width
of an em dash.
English
Greek example (+)
Up to 10 characters can be included – this is due to
the limited available space.
(+) Μπκλεέηε θα ζνηπελδζΪίεηε Ϋπμ 10 ξαλαεηάλεμ – ανησ
κθεέζεηαδ ζηκθ πελδκλδζηΫθκ ξυλκ πκν εέθαδ δδαγΫζδηκμ.
The en dash is also used in number ranges, such as those specifying page numbers. No spaces are used around
the en dash in this case.
Example:
(+) 2–3 weeks
Em Dash
The em dash should only be used to emphasize an isolated element or introduce an element that is not essential
to the meaning conveyed by the sentence. It is produced by the key combination Alt+0151 and is used very often
in English. In Greek, most of the time, it can be replaced by a period, comma or parentheses. It is recommended
to use the em dash in order to emphasize an isolated element or to introduce an item that is not essential for the
meaning of the sentence or relevant to it.
Example: (+) ΒΪθ πλκξπλάζεηε ζε αθαδδκλΰΪθπζβ — γα δεέηε ζηα επσηεθα εεθΪζαδα πσζκ ετεκζκ εέθαδ —
ηεηαεδθυθηαμ ηδμ επδεεθαζέδεμ ηπκλεέηε θα αθαδδαηΪιεηε ζνθκζδεΪ ηκ Ϋΰΰλαθσ ζαμ.
There must be an empty space before and after the em dash and it should not be confused with a hyphen.
Ellipses (Suspension Points)
Ellipses (suspension points) should be inserted with the key combination Alt+Ctrl+. and not with three consecutive
periods. They should be used to express voluntary omission of some words or phrases or in order to declare
speech interruption and emphasize the following statement.
English
Greek example (+)
Dialling…
(+) Κζάζβ…
Closing…
(+) Κζεέζδηκ…
54
Exclamation Point
The exclamation point should be used sparingly in software and documentation. Many English messages use an
exclamation point which can be replaced by a period in the Greek version.
English
Greek example (+)
Out of memory!
(+) Δ ηθάηβ δεθ επαλεεέ.
An exception is made for product packaging, marketing texts and generally texts that contain special warning
messages for the user. In these cases, the exclamation point may be used where necessary.
Non-breaking space
Even though the non-breaking space (Ctrl+Shift+Space) does not constitute a punctuation symbol in the Greek
language it may be used to connect words which should not be separated in different lines. Some examples are:
(+) The word "ΚεθΪζαδκ", "ΠαλΪληβηα", "΢ξάηα" and the accompanying number, e.g. "ΚεθΪζαδκ 5κ".
(+) The numerical value of a quantity and the corresponding unit of measurement, e.g. "25 εε."
Period
In lists with bullets and numbering
If phrases signaled by bullets or numbering form complete sentences, they must have a period at their end.
Example:
(+) Πελδζζσηελεμ πζβλκθκλέεμ ηπκλεέηε θα ίλεέηε ζηα αεσζκνγα εεθΪζαδα:
΢ηκ εεθΪζαδκ 6 επειβΰεέηαδ αθαζνηδεΪ κ ηλσπκμ δβηδκνλΰέαμ ηνπκπκδβηΫθπθ επδζηκζυθ.
΢ηκ εεθΪζαδκ 7 πελδΰλΪθεηαδ κ ηλσπκμ δβηδκνλΰέαμ εηδεεηυθ αζζβζκΰλαθέαμ.
If phrases signaled by bullets or numbering form a sequence of an introductory sentence and/or they are not full
sentences, they do not have a period at their end.
Example:
(+) Έξεηε ηβ δνθαησηβηα θα δδαζΫιεηε ηδα απσ ηδμ ειάμ επδζκΰΫμ:
΢ηκέξδζβ ζηκ δειδσ πελδγυλδκ
΢ηκέξδζβ ζηκ αλδζηελσ πελδγυλδκ
Πζάλβ ζηκέξδζβ
55
In phrases included under lists (chapters, sections, products, system requirements, etc), which do not form a
complete sentence or a sequence of a sentence, there is no period at the end.
Example:
(+) Άθκδΰηα εθσμ απκγβεενηΫθκν εΰΰλΪθκν 57
Γδα θα αθκέιεηε Ϋθα απκγβεενηΫθκ Ϋΰΰλαθκ 57
Γδα θα αθκέιεηε Ϋθα Ϋΰΰλαθκ πκν Ϋξεηε αθκέιεδ πκζτ πλσζθαηα 58
Γδα θα αθκέιεηε πκζζΪ Ϋΰΰλαθα ηανησξλκθα 60
In text between quotes
If the period belongs to text inside quotes that is located at the end of a sentence, then it is placed inside quotes.
In the opposite case, it is placed outside quotes.
CAUTION: In English original texts, there is a different convention about the location of a period in text
between quotes!
English
Greek example (+)
In this case, a message may appear "Not enough
space on the disk."
(+) ΢ηβθ πελέπηπζβ ανηά ηπκλεέ θα εηθαθδζηεέ ηκ ηάθνηα
"Αεθ νπΪλξεδ αλεεησμ ξυλκμ ζηκ δέζεκ."
Click the OK button.
(+) ΒπδζΫιηε ηκ εκνηπέ "ΟΚ".
A period is not placed in full sentences between quotes, when they are located in the middle of a bigger sentence.
English
Greek example (+)
If the message "Not enough space on the disk"
appears, delete some redundant files.
(+) ΒΪθ εηθαθδζηεέ ηκ ηάθνηα "Αεθ νπΪλξεδ αλεεησμ
ξυλκμ ζηκ δέζεκ", δδαΰλΪοηε ηελδεΪ Ϊξλβζηα αλξεέα
In text between parentheses
When parentheses are used in order to add an independent sentence to text, the period is placed inside
parentheses.
English
Greek example (+)
It is possible that there is not enough space on your
(+) Βέθαδ πδγαθσθ θα ηβθ Ϋξεηε αλεεησ ξυλκ ζηκ δέζεκ.
56
English
Greek example (+)
disk. (A relevant warning may appear.)
(Μπκλεέ θα εηθαθδζηεέ εαδ ηκ ζξεηδεσ πλκεδδκπκδβηδεσ
ηάθνηα.)
When text between parentheses is at the end of a sentence, then the period is placed outside parentheses .
English
Greek example (+)
It is possible that there is not enough space on your
disk (although in that case a relevant warning
should appear).
(+) Βέθαδ πδγαθσ θα ηβθ Ϋξεηε αλεεησ ξυλκ ζηκ δέζεκ (αθ
εαδ γα Ϋπλεπε ζηβθ πελέπηπζβ ανηά θα εηθαθδζηεέ ηκ
ζξεηδεσ πλκεδδκπκδβηδεσ ηάθνηα).
A period is not placed in full (or not full) sentences inside parentheses, when they are located in the middle of a
bigger sentence.
English
Greek example (+)
If there is not enough space on your disk (a
relevant warning will appear), please delete some
redundant files.
(+) ΒΪθ δεθ Ϋξεηε αλεεησ ξυλκ ζηκ δέζεκ (γα εηθαθδζηεέ
ηκ ζξεηδεσ πλκεδδκπκδβηδεσ ηάθνηα), δδαΰλΪοηε ηελδεΪ
Ϊξλβζηα αλξεέα.
In headings and titles
Text in headings and titles never bears a period.
In captions
A period is placed at the end of text in captions. Short descriptive captions are excluded, e.g. caption of a tool.
In explanations
If explanations are not full sentences, they do not bear a period. If explanations are full sentences, they do.
57
Question Mark
Obviously the Latin question mark should be replaced by the Greek question mark. In some cases, the Greek
question mark is also used as a list separator of software elements. Please see also the section "List separator".
English
Greek example (+)
Are you sure you want to delete this file?
(+) Βέζηε ίΫίαδκδ ππμ γΫζεηε θα δδαΰλΪοεηε ανησ ηκ
αλξεέκ;
Quotation Marks
In Greek, we usually apply chevron (« and »), but Latin quotes are used too (― and ‖). For standardization reason,
in Microsoft products, straight double quotes are used (" and "). Single quotes can also be used to mark phrases
in quotes that are included in phrases in quotes. They are also used in files where it is not possible to use double
quotes (e.g. in .inf files).
In Microsoft product software, quotes are used in the following cases.
1) When referring to menu and dialog elements (buttons, titles, options etc).
English
Greek example (+)
Click Change Address to enter your e-mail
address
(+) ΚΪθηε εζδε ζηκ εκνηπέ "Ώζζαΰά δδετγνθζβμ", ΰδα θα
πζβεηλκζκΰάζεηε ηβθ βζεεηλκθδεά ζαμ δδετγνθζβ
Click Update All on the Briefcase menu to bring
your files up-to-date.
(+) ΚΪθηε εζδε ζηβθ επδζκΰά "ΒθβηΫλπζβ σζπθ" ηκν ηεθκτ
"Υαληκθτζαεαμ" ΰδα θα εθβηελυζεηε ηα αλξεέα ζαμ.
C
2) When referring to a wizard.
English
Greek example (+)
Don't run the Hardware Installation Wizard
(+) Να ηβθ εεηεζεζηεέ κ "Οδβΰσμ εΰεαηΪζηαζβμ νζδεκτ"
Welcome to the PC Card (PCMCIA) Wizard
(+) Καζυμ κλέζαηε ζηκθ "Οδβΰσ ΰδα εΪληεμ PC (PCMCIA)".
In case that the wizard is not in a phrase but it is a title, then no quotes are used. Also, when the full name of the
wizard is not mentioned but the term is used descriptively, the wizard name does not appear between quotes.
58
English
Greek example (+)
Comment
Registration Wizard
(+) Οδβΰσμ δάζπζβμ πλκρσθηκμ
Dialog title
Welcome to the %s Registration
wizard.
(+) Καζυμ κλέζαηε ζηκθ "Οδβΰσ
δάζπζβμ ηκν %s".
Reference to a wizard's full name
(note that the word "κδβΰσμ"
changes case accordingly)
This wizard helps you register your
copy of %s:
(+) Ώνησμ κ κδβΰσμ ζΪμ δέθεδ ηβ
δνθαησηβηα θα δβζυζεηε ηκ
αθηέΰλαθκ ηπθ %s:
Term "wizard" alone
Use the Identity Migration Wizard to (+) Υλβζδηκπκδάζηε ηκθ "Οδβΰσ
perform this task. Start the Migration ηεηεΰεαηΪζηαζβμ ηανησηβηαμ" ΰδα θα
Wizard now.
εεηεζΫζεηε ανηάθ ηβθ εθΫλΰεδα.
Βεεδθάζηε ηυλα ηκθ Oδβΰσ
ηεηεΰεαηΪζηαζβμ.
In this case, the full name of the
wizard is "Identity Migration
Wizard", so this is included in
quotes. In the second sentence,
the wizard name is used
descriptively, so it is not enclosed
in quotes.
Note: For information about using a period in text between quotes, see the section about Period.
Parentheses
In Greek, there is no space between the parentheses and the text inside them. Parentheses are used in matched
pairs within text, to set apart or interject other text. When the content of the parenthesis is linked to the sentence,
it should start with a lower case, and no period should appear at the end. When the content of the parenthesis
relates to the whole paragraph, it should start with an upper case and end with a period, inside the parenthesis.
Please see also section "Period".
English
Greek example (+)
Welcome to the PC Card (PCMCIA) Wizard
(+) Καζυμ κλέζαηε ζηκθ "Οδβΰσ ΰδα εΪληεμ PC
(PCMCIA)".
It is possible that there is not enough space on your (+) Βέθαδ πδγαθσθ θα ηβθ Ϋξεηε αλεεησ ξυλκ ζηκ δέζεκ.
disk. (A relevant warning may appear.)
(Μπκλεέ θα εηθαθδζηεέ εαδ ηκ ζξεηδεσ πλκεδδκπκδβηδεσ
ηάθνηα.)
It is possible that there is not enough space on your
disk (although in that case a relevant warning
(+) Βέθαδ πδγαθσ θα ηβθ Ϋξεηε αλεεησ ξυλκ ζηκ δέζεκ (αθ
εαδ γα Ϋπλεπε ζηβθ πελέπηπζβ ανηά θα εηθαθδζηεέ ηκ
59
English
Greek example (+)
should appear).
ζξεηδεσ πλκεδδκπκδβηδεσ ηάθνηα).
Semi-colon
The semi-colon symbol in Greek is a raised period (·) and can be inserted using the key combination Alt+0183. It
is used to introduce a dependent clause or to place an emphasis in a paratactic structure or an opposition.
Example:
(+) Αε ξλεδΪαεηαδ θα επδζΫιεηε ηα ΰεδηκθδεΪ εεζδΪ· ηκ Excel ηα επδζΫΰεδ ησθκ ηκν.
Important note: The Greek semi-colon is not used in software for technical reasons. It may be used in
documentation if needed, although it is generally rare.
Space
In Greek language, there should not be a space between the punctuation symbol and the preceding character. An
empty space follows the punctuation symbol.
Singular & Plural
Singular & plural numbers are shaped with different forms in Greek language. For detailed information regarding
Greek singular and plural rules and patterns, please refer to the normative references listed in this guide.
Please see also the section "Nouns" for specific conventions used in Microsoft products.
Split Infinitive
This section does not apply to Greek.
Subjunctive
In Greek language, the subjunctive indicates probability or objective possibility. The action of the verb will possibly
happen, depending on certain objective factors or circumstances. It has a number of specific uses and is
oftentimes used in conditional statements or in purpose clauses.
The subjunctive mood is used in the following ways:
1- The Hortatory Subjunctive- exhorting someone to action: (+) Να θτΰεδμ!
2- The Prohibitive Subjunctive- action is prohibited: (+) Να ηβθ παμ
3- The Deliberative Subjunctive- the same as the rhetorical question in English: (+) Να άηαθ ανησμ κ ζσΰκμ
60
Symbols & Non-Breaking Spaces
The list of special characters most frequently appearing in Microsoft products are in the below table.
Symbol
US name
Greek name
´
Accent acute
Οιεέα
˜
Accent circumflex
ΠελδζππηΫθβ
`
Accent grave
ΐαλεέα
&
Ampersand
Βηπκλδεσ "εαδ"
<>
Angle brackets
ΓπθδαεΫμ αΰετζεμ
‘
Apostrophe
Ώπσζηλκθκμ
*
Asterisk
Ώζηελέζεκμ
@
At sign
΢τηίκζκ @
\
Backslash
ΏθΪζηλκθβ εΪγεηκμ
{}
Braces
Άΰεδζηλα
[]
Brackets
Ώΰετζεμ
^
Caret
ΚαλΫ
«»
Chevrons
ΒζζβθδεΪ εδζαΰπΰδεΪ
:
Colon
Άθπ εαδ εΪηπ ηεζεέα
,
Comma
Κσηηα
©
Copyright symbol
΢τηίκζκ πθενηαηδευθ δδεαδπηΪηπθ
†
Dagger
΢ηανλσμ ζηέιβμ (or ΢τηίκζκ παλαπκηπάμ)
°
Degree symbol
΢τηίκζκ ίαγηυθ
’
Division sign
΢τηίκζκ δδαέλεζβμ (or δδα)
$
Dollar sign
΢τηίκζκ δκζαλέκν
‡
Double dagger
Αδπζσμ ζηανλσμ ζηέιβμ
…
Ellipsis
ΏπκζδππβηδεΪ
—
Em dash
ΜεΰΪζβ πατζα (or εελαέα)
61
Symbol
US name
Greek name
–
En dash
Πατζα
=
Equal Sign
΢τηίκζκ έζκθ (or ΢τηίκζκ δζσηβηαμ)
!
Exclamation point
Θανηαζηδεσ
>
Greater-than sign
Μεΰαζτηελκ
≥
greater-than-or-equal-to sign
Μεΰαζτηελκ ά έζκ
-
Hyphen
Βθπηδεσ
<
less-than sign
Μδελσηελκ
≤
less-than-or-equal-to sign
Μδελσηελκ ά έζκ
–
minus sign
΢τηίκζκ αθαέλεζβμ (or πζβθ)
×
multiplication sign
΢τηίκζκ πκζζαπζαζδαζηκτ (or επέ)
#
number sign
Ώλδγηβηδεσ ζτηίκζκ
¶
paragraph mark
΢τηίκζκ παλαΰλΪθκν
()
parentheses
ΠαλεθγΫζεδμ
%
percent sign
΢τηίκζκ πκζκζηκτ
.
period
Σεζεέα
|
pipe symbol
΢τηίκζκ δδκξΫηενζβμ
+
plus sign
΢τηίκζκ πλσζγεζβμ (or ζνθ)
±
plus-or-minus sign
΢τηίκζκ ζνθ-πζβθ
?
question mark
Ώΰΰζδεσ ελπηβηαηδεσ
""
quotation marks (double)
ΑδπζΪ εδζαΰπΰδεΪ
''
quotation marks (single)
ΜκθΪ εδζαΰπΰδεΪ
®
Registered trademark symbol
΢τηίκζκ ζάηαηκμ εαηαηεγΫθηκμ
§
Section mark
΢τηίκζκ εθσηβηαμ
;
Semicolon
Βλπηβηαηδεσ
/
Slash
ΚΪγεηκμ
""
Straight quotation marks (double)
ΑδπζΪ εδζαΰπΰδεΪ
62
Symbol
US name
Greek name
~
Tilde
ΠελδζππηΫθβ
™
Trademark symbol
΢τηίκζκ εηπκλδεκτ ζάηαηκμ
_
Underscore symbol
΢τηίκζκ νπκΰλΪηηδζβμ
Regarding non-breaking spaces, there is no special instruction in Greek grammar. When non-breaking spaces
appear in the source text (often used to keep words together in trademarks or product names), translators should
consult the project team on how to treat them in the target language.
Syntax
For detailed information regarding Greek syntax rules and patterns, please refer to the normative references listed
in this guide.
Please see below for some syntax tips and conventions which are used in Microsoft products.
Long sentences
Quite often, during the translation of English sentences, the Greek sentences that are produced are too long and
complex, making them difficult to understand, obscure or even incoherent. It is not uncommon for a Greek
translation to exceed the English source by twice as much text. It is therefore recommended to split such long
sentences into smaller ones, when this is feasible.
English
Greek example (+)
Greek example (-)
By saving a header source, you can
use the same header row and
merge fields from various sources
without having to repeat or change
the header row in each data source.
(+) Ώπκγβεετκθηαμ Ϋθα αλξεέκ
πλκΫζενζβμ επδεεθαζέδπθ, ηπκλεέηε
θα ξλβζδηκπκδεέηε ηβθ έδδα ζεδλΪ
επδεεθαζέδπθ ηε πεδέα δεδκηΫθπθ
ΰδα ζνΰξυθενζβ απσ δδΪθκλα
αλξεέα πλκΫζενζβμ. Έηζδ δεθ
ξλεδΪαεηαδ θα επαθαζαηίΪθεηε ά θα
αζζΪαεηε ηβ ζεδλΪ επδεεθαζέδπθ ζε
εΪγε αλξεέκ πλκΫζενζβμ
δεδκηΫθπθ.
(-) Ώπκγβεετκθηαμ Ϋθα αλξεέκ
πλκΫζενζβμ επδεεθαζέδπθ,
ηπκλεέηε θα ξλβζδηκπκδάζεηε ηβθ
έδδα ζεδλΪ επδεεθαζέδπθ εαδ πεδέα
ζνΰξυθενζβμ ΰδα ηβ ζνΰξυθενζβ
δεδκηΫθπθ απσ δδΪθκλα αλξεέα
πλκΫζενζβμ δεδκηΫθπθ, ξπλέμ θα
ξλεδΪαεηαδ θα επαθαζΪίεηε ά θα
αζζΪιεηε ηβ ζεδλΪ επδεεθαζέδπθ ζε
εΪγε αλξεέκ πλκΫζενζβμ
δεδκηΫθπθ.
63
Parallelism
Parallelism requires that words and phrases that have the same function have the same form.
When to use:
Use parallel language whenever you express ideas of equal weight.
Use parallel language for UI elements that are parallel in function, such as:
Headings
Labels
Lists
Page titles
How to format:
Make all items similar in length.
Make all items similar in form.
Make all items use the same part of speech.
For example, make them all begin with a verb, make them all utilize a noun-verb-adjective structure, or make
them all single-word imperative verbs.
English
Greek example (+)
Greek example (-)
Listen to music
Watch a video
Share a photo
Download a file
Ώεκτζηε ηκνζδεά
Αεέηε Ϋθα ίέθηεκ
Μκδλαζηεέηε ηδα θπηκΰλαθέα
ΚαηείΪζηε Ϋθα αλξεέκ
Ώεκτζηε ηκνζδεά
Αεέηε Ϋθα ίέθηεκ
Κκδθά ξλάζβ θπηκΰλαθέαμ
Λάοβ αλξεέκν
In the first example, these items are parallel because all four items are imperative verbal phrases.
In the second example, the items are not parallel because "Listen to music" and "Watch a video" are verbal
phrases, but "Share a photo" and "Download a file" are noun phrases.
Repetitions
In some cases the repetition of words or phrases within the same sentence or paragraph can help avoid
ambivalence and misunderstanding. In other cases, repetitions are completely redundant and may even lead to
confusion. They should therefore be used sparingly and only when absolutely necessary.
64
English
Greek example (+)
Greek example (-)
You can open this file as text only
and you can afterwards save it as a
Word document file.
(+) Μπκλεέηε θα αθκέιεηε ανησ ηκ
αλξεέκ πμ αλξεέκ εεδηΫθκν εαδ
εαησπδθ θα ηκ απκγβεετζεηε πμ
αλξεέκ ηκν Word.
(-) Μπκλεέηε θα αθκέιεηε ανησ ηκ
αλξεέκ πμ ησθκ εεδηΫθκν εαδ
εαησπδθ θα ηκ απκγβεετζεηε πμ
αλξεέκ ηκν Word.
You can open this file as text only
and you can afterwards save it as a
Word document file.
(+) Μπκλεέηε θα αθκέιεηε ανησ ηκ
αλξεέκ πμ αλξεέκ εεδηΫθκν εαδ
εαησπδθ θα ηκ απκγβεετζεηε πμ
αλξεέκ ηκν Word.
(-) Μπκλεέηε θα αθκέιεηε ανησ ηκ
αλξεέκ πμ αλξεέκ ησθκ εεδηΫθκν
εαδ ηπκλεέηε εαησπδθ θα ηκ
απκγβεετζεηε πμ αλξεέκ εΰΰλΪθκν
ηκν Word.
Verbs
Greek verb morphology is structured around a basic 2-by-2 contrast of two aspects, namely imperfective and
perfective, and two tenses, namely past and non-past (or present). The aspects are expressed by two separate
verb stems, while the tenses are marked mainly by different sets of endings. Of the four possible combinations,
only three can be used in indicative function: the present (i.e. imperfective non-past), the imperfect (i.e.
imperfective past) and the aorist (i.e. perfective past). All four combinations can be used in subjunctive function,
where they are typically preceded by the particle ―θα‖ or by one of a set of subordinating conjunctions. There are
also two imperatives, one for each aspect.
Continuous operations are usually expressed in English with a gerund, which can be translated into Greek with a
present participle, a noun or a verb.
English
Greek example (+)
A dialog box will appear, asking where to save the
file.
(+) Θα εηθαθδζηεέ Ϋθα παλΪγνλκ δδαζσΰκν, ηκ κπκέκ γα
ζαμ λπηΪ πκτ πλΫπεδ θα απκγβεενηεέ ηκ αλξεέκ.
One has to be careful when translating a verb to chose the correct type. Below you can see one paragraph written
in two different ways. Always check to see which of the two is the appropriate in your context.
Greek example (+)
Comment
(+) Βΰεαηαζηάζηε ανησ ηκ ζκΰδζηδεσ ζε
νπκζκΰδζηΫμ ηε Windows ΰδα θα επηηξέπεηε ζηκνμ
δδαξεδλδζηΫμ θα αιιάδνπλ ηδμ εΰΰλαθΫμ ηκν
Continuous tenses are used, implying an action that is
ongoing or habitual.
65
Greek example (+)
Comment
ηβηλυκν ζε νπκζκΰδζηΫμ ηΫζπ ηκν δδεητκν.
(+) Βΰεαηαζηάζηε ανησ ηκ ζκΰδζηδεσ ζε
νπκζκΰδζηΫμ ηε Windows ΰδα θα επηηξέςεηε ζηκνμ
δδαξεδλδζηΫμ θα αιιάμνπλ ηδμ εΰΰλαθΫμ ηκν
ηβηλυκν ζε νπκζκΰδζηΫμ ηΫζπ ηκν δδεητκν.
Non-continuous tenses are used, implying an action that
occurs once or is non-habitual.
Δηζάγεηε, εμάγεηε, πξνβάιιεηε
Please pay attention to words like "εξαγάγω" "ειζάγω" or "πποβάλλω". Their spelling is, admittedly, confusing.
Some ways to differentiate between their two spellings:
a) When in English the present continuous (be + ing) is used, it is more than likely that we would need the type of
"ειαΰΪΰπ" (instead of ειΪΰπ) or the type "πλκίΪζπ" (instead of πλκίΪζζπ).
English
Greek example (+)
Outlook could not open the dialog box because you
are not viewing files, such as in My Computer.
(+) Αεθ εέθαδ δνθαησ ηκ Ϊθκδΰηα ηκν παλαγτλκν δδαζσΰκν,
ΰδαηέ δεθ πξνβάιεηε αλξεέα σππμ ηα πελδεξσηεθα ηκν
εδεκθδδέκν "Ο Τπκζκΰδζηάμ ηκν".
The file format that you are exporting to does not
support recurring Appointments
(+) Δ ηκλθά ηκν αλξεέκν πλκμ ηκ κπκέκ εμαγάγεηε δεθ
νπκζηβλέαεδ επαθαζαηίαθσηεθεμ ζνθαθηάζεδμ
b) Try some other verbs in the phrase to see which type to chose. Examples:
English
Greek example (+)
Insert a title for your home page.
(+) ΒδζαΰΪΰεηε Ϋθαθ ηέηζκ ΰδα ηβθ εεθηλδεά ζαμ ζεζέδα
(Πζβεηλκζκΰάζηε Ϋθαθ ηέηζκ ΰδα ηβθ εεθηλδεά ζαμ ζεζέδα)
(Καηαξπλάζηε Ϋθαθ ηέηζκ ΰδα ηβθ εεθηλδεά ζαμ ζεζέδα)
The correspondence is as follows:
Transitory form
Continuous form
ειαΰΪΰπ/εδζαΰΪΰπ
ειΪΰπ/εδζΪΰπ
πλκίΪζπ
πλκίΪζζπ
66
Transitory form
Continuous form
ζηεέζπ
ζηΫζθπ
ζΪίπ
ζαηίΪθπ
c) When these verbs are found in Status bar messages, then their spelling should be: ΒιΪΰεδ, ΠλκίΪζζεδ.
When the verbs are in the imperative, then their spelling should be: ΒιαΰΪΰεηε, ΠλκίΪζεηε
Word Order
The Greek language has a relatively free word order. The same sentence may be expressed in several different
ways. This is basic difference to English syntax.
Avoid word for word translations
Since the English language has different morphological and syntactical characteristics compared to the Greek
language, word for word translation is not possible and should be avoided at all cost. Frequently, word for word
translation can lead to erroneous phrasings or unnatural language and in some cases it may lead to obsure or
incoherent text. It is therefore necessary to use natural language when translation while keeping the meaning of
the source text intact.
One of the most common linguistic problems in English to Greek translation is the incorrect position of the various
terms within a sentence. English linguistic structures differ greatly from the Greek ones and those differences
should be taken in account when translating. Unfortunately, specific rules cannot be provided. Rather the
translator has to use his/her experience and best judgement to decide on the best phrasing in each case.
English
Greek example (+)
Greek example (-)
Please note that separate printer
drivers and fonts are provided for
Microsoft Chart, Microsoft Multiplan
and Microsoft Word.
(+) ΢βηεδυζηε σηδ παλΫξκθηαδ
ιεξπλδζηΪ πλκΰλΪηηαηα κδάΰβζβμ
ΰδα ηκνμ εεηνππηΫμ εαδ εδδδεΫμ
ΰλαηηαηκζεδλΫμ ΰδα ηκ Microsoft
Chart, ηκ Microsoft Multiplan εαδ ηκ
Microsoft Word.
(-) ΢βηεδυζηε σηδ ιεξπλδζηΪ
πλκΰλΪηηαηα κδάΰβζβμ ΰδα ηκνμ
εεηνππηΫμ εαδ ΰλαηηαηκζεδλΫμ
παλΫξκθηαδ ΰδα ηα Microsoft Chart,
Microsoft Multiplan εαδ Microsoft
Word.
67
Style and Tone Considerations
This section focuses on higher-level considerations for audience, style, tone, and voice.
Audience
Audience profiles
The target audience is defined by Microsoft. Depending on the chosen target audience, the contents, terminology
and style may differ, but a core terminology should apply for every project. Whatever the audience, the Style
Guide should be adhered to.
Microsoft defines 5 major audiences. The tone of the contents is adapted according to these audiences and
profiles.

IT Pros: An IT executive, manager or staff who‘s primary job is in a formalized IT, information systems or
MIS department. E.g. DB admin, Tech. Syst. Engineer, etc.
Information and tone used will be technical and not marketing. IT Pros expect to be provided with
relevant, comprehensive and neutral IT information.
The primary purpose of a text for the technical user is to inform. Technical correctness and functionality is
key. Where there is doubt about technical correctness of a translation, further information should be
requested from your Microsoft contact.
Pages with technical content, aiming at more specialized users, may indeed make an extensive use of
field terms, acronyms, technical jargon, etc. It is not unusual to leave terms in English or in parentheses,
especially in the case of products that are highly technical (such as SQL, Exchange, and Visual Studio).

Developers: Create software applications, build complex macros, write computer code or develop web
sites for own and/or others‘ use at work. E.g. Architect, programmer, analyst, etc.
Same as IT Pros.

Business Decision Makers (BDMs): Significant decision-making authority at work for own departments
or multiple departments but does NOT work in the IT department. E.g. CMO, president
Information and tone used will be marketing and more business focused. The purpose of a text directed
towards the business decision makers is to influence them to make decisions for their business.

Information workers: All workers who use, transform, consume, or manage information in the course of
their daily work. E.g. translator, consultant, sales and marketing staff, etc.
68
Tone should be informative, factual and inspiring. It should not be colloquial.

Home PC Users: Use a PC at home for personal use.
Tone should be informative, factual and inspiring. May be colloquial when dealing with games and Xbox.
Everything translated.
Point of view
Point of view refers to how a writer talks to their audience.
Use of second person
We generally refer to the user by using second person plural, "εζεέμ" and "ζαμ."
Greek example (+)
Greek example (-)
(+) ΒπδζΫιηε ηδμ πζβλκθκλέεμ πκν γΫζεηε θα
εθβηελυζεηε.
(-) Οδ ξλάζηεμ πκν γΫζκνθ θα εθβηελυζκνθ ηδμ
πζβλκθκλέεμ ηκνμ γα πλΫπεδ θα επδζΫικνθ "ΒθβηΫλπζβ".
Use of possessive pronouns
Avoid using "ηκν" for any feature names or section headings. Instead, use "ζαμ," or avoid any personal pronoun
at all. "Σα γΫηαηΪ ηκν" is no more descriptive or informative than "ΘΫηαηα."
Use of third person
Avoid referring to users in the third person (ανησμ, ανηκτ, ανησθ, ανηά, ανηάμ, ανηάθ, ανησ, ανηΪ, ανηυθ) because
it sounds impersonal.
Greek example (+)
Greek example (-)
(+) Αεθ ηπκλεέηε θα εΪθεηε εκδθά ξλάζβ ηδαμ
θπηκΰλαθέαμ ηε ανησθ ηκθ ξλάζηβ επεδδά εέθαδ εεησμ
ζτθδεζβμ.
(-) Αεθ ηπκλεέηε θα εΪθεηε εκδθά ξλάζβ ηδαμ
θπηκΰλαθέαμ ηε ανησθ επεδδά εέθαδ εεησμ ζτθδεζβμ.
69
Use of gender-neutral expressions
Language should always be inclusive and gender-neutral. Avoid writing sentences that refer to a single person
whose gender is unknown. You can often avoid this situation by rewriting the sentence to make the subject plural
or using a descriptive gender-neutral word as the subject to avoid specifying the gender.
Greek example (+)
Greek example (-)
(+) Ίζπμ δεθ ζΪίεηε απΪθηβζβ επεδδά β εαηΪζηαζβ
ανηάμ ηβμ επαθάμ Ϋξεδ λνγηδζηεέ ζε "Αεθ ίλέζεκηαδ
ζηκθ νπκζκΰδζηά".
(-) O θέζκμ ά β θέζβ ζαμ έζπμ δεθ απαθηάζεδ ΰδαηέ β
εαηΪζηαζά ηκν/ηβμ Ϋξεδ λνγηδζηεέ ζε "Αεθ ίλέζεκηαδ ζηκθ
νπκζκΰδζηά".
Style
Style of writing
Language used in Microsoft product localization should be Demotic Greek, without extremities, distortions and
overstatements. Although some linguistic rules (of phonology, spelling, morphology, etc) of modern Greek are not
definite and many disagreements arise among specialists, common language used in newspapers is satisfying.
Style is obviously extremely important and literal translations should be avoided as much as possible. Indeed,
marketing texts should sound as if they had been created directly in Greek.
The structural style must be as unvarying as possible even when product localization is conducted by more than
one translator. Please note that Microsoft product localization is not just translating text but also adapting it to
Greek cultural reality.
The text should address the user directly and always in the second person. When verbs are used in the
imperative mode, they should be in second person plural.
English
Greek example (+)
Greek example (-)
You can open the file.
(+) Μπκλεέηε θα αθκέιεηε ηκ αλξεέκ.
(-) Σκ αλξεέκ ηπκλεέ θα αθκδξηεέ.
Open the file.
(+) Ώθκέιηε ηκ αλξεέκ.
(-) Άθκδιε ηκ αλξεέκ.
Accentuation system
The monotonic system of modern Greek is used throughout all localized components, as this is described in the
Greek grammar books.
Consistency
Consistency in terminology, style and language is of great importance.
70
Extra care should be taken in order to apply specified terminology. Always take under consideration the fact that
many of concepts (and terms) used are new for the user and breaking standard terminology conventions may
lead to confusion.
Inconsistencies in spelling, structure and syntax do not necessarily lead to semantic confusion but they lower the
linguistic quality of the products and they can make the translation recycling process more difficult.
Linguistic consistency must exist throughout Microsoft products. This is achieved a) by using this Style Guide and
b) by using approved glossaries and terminology sources when checking consistency.
Consistency in spelling
When two alternative spellings exist for a given word, one form should always be used. Please refer to following
list for some indicative examples.
Greek example (+)
Greek example (-)
(+) εηαδλεέα
(-) εηαδλέα
(+) θεσηελκμ
(-) θευηελκμ
(+) εαηαξυλβζβ, εαηαξπλυ, εαηαξπλβηΫθκμ
(-) εαηαξυλδζβ, εαηαξπλέαπ, εαηαξπλδζηΫθκμ
(+) αθηδζηκδξέαπ, αθηδζηκέξδζβ
(-) αθηδζηκδξυ, αθηδζηκέξβζβ
(+) δΫθηλκ
(-) δΫθδλκ
Please refer to the approved product glossaries and the official Microsoft linguistic references when in doubt
about the spelling of a particular word.
Accent of enclitic words
The accent of enclitic words should be moved to the last syllable of the previous word, when this word bears an
accent in the antepenult syllable.
Example:
(+) Μπκλεέηε θα απκγβεετζεηε ηα πλκΰλΪηηαηΪ ζαμ.
Genitive + σο
A noun that follows "πμ" should be used in the genitive case, provided that the inferred noun is also in genitive.
Extra attention should be paid when the inferred noun is implied.
71
Examples:
(+) Πλκίκζά ηκν Active Desktop σο ηζηνζειίδαο.
(+) ΏθΪπηνιβ ηβμ εθαληκΰάμ σο αλαβάζκηζεο
(+) Ολδζησμ ηβμ εθαληκΰάμ σο αλελεξγήο
Note: An exception to this rule is the menu item "Πλκίκζά > πμ δζηκζεζέδα" (since the term "πμ δζηκζεζέδα"
appears in a submenu).
The verb "αθνξώ"
For stylistic consistency, it is preferable to use a simple accusative after the verb "αθκλυ" ("αθκλΪ εΪηδ", "σζκθ
αθκλΪ εΪηδ") instead of the prepositional phrasing ("αθκλΪ ζε εΪηδ").
Consistency in style, grammar and syntax
General guidelines
Use pronouns and prepositions. Even though they are often omitted in casual text, they improve sentence clarity.
Words such as "that" and "by" help readers identify subject and object.
Sentence style should be short, simple, and complete. Avoid compound sentences, ambiguous sentence
structure, and non-standard word order that is difficult to interpret. For example, ―Βέθαδ β ηκλθά ηκν εεδηΫθκν πκν
παλκνζδΪαεδ ηκ πλσίζβηα‖ can be interpreted in several ways.
Use articles (a, an and the) consistently; use capitalization correctly; use punctuation properly. This will enhance
the clarity of your content. For example, do not use ―Αεθ ίλΫγβεε αλξεέκ‖. Instead, use "Αεθ εέθαδ δνθαησθ θα
ίλεγεέ ηκ αλξεέκ‖.
Avoid using archaic or puristic forms. This applies also for adverbial expressions that have both a two-word
(purist) and a one-word (demotic) form. It is preferable to choose the demotic form in such cases.
Greek example (+)
Greek example (-)
(+) εδζάξγβεε, Ϋξεδ εδζαξγεέ
(-) εδζάξγβ
(+) παλαζάθγβεε, Ϋξεδ παλαζβθγεέ
(-) παλεζάθγβ
72
Greek example (+)
Greek example (-)
(+) εαηαλξάθ
(-) εαη' αλξάθ
(+) επδπζΫκθ
(-) επέ πζΫκθ
(+) ειΪζζκν
(-) ει' Ϊζζκν
Specific considerations
It is preferable to use the preposition "ΰδα" instead of the preposition "ζε" in phrases referring to passwords.
English
Greek example (+)
Greek example (-)
Enter your network password for
Microsoft Networking.
(+) Πζβεηλκζκΰάζηε ηκθ επδδεσ
(-) Πζβεηλκζκΰάζηε ηκθ επδδεσ
πλσζίαζβμ ΰδα δέεηνα ηβμ Microsoft. πλσζίαζβμ ζηα δέεηνα ηβμ
Microsoft.
It is preferable to use the neuter plural instead of the feminine plural to render language names.
Greek example (+)
Greek example (-)
(+) ΒζζβθδεΪ
(-) Βζζβθδεά
It is preferable to use the term "εζεέζδηκ" instead of "ζίάζδηκ" when referring to turning off a device (e.g. a
computer).
English
Greek example (+)
Shutting down will end your Windows session and
prepare your computer to be turned off.
(+) Σεληαηέαεηαδ β πελέκδκμ ζεδηκνλΰέαμ ηπθ Windows εαδ
πλκεηκδηΪαεηαδ ηκ εζεέζδηκ ηκν νπκζκΰδζηά ζαμ.
When translating "and/or" it is preferable to use the form "ά/εαδ" instead of "εαδ/ά".
English
Greek example (+)
Invalid SQL syntax - only one update rule and/or
one delete rule allowed.
(+) Μβ Ϋΰενλβ ζτθηαιβ SQL - ΒπδηλΫπεηαδ ησθκ Ϋθαμ
εαθσθαμ εθβηΫλπζβμ ά/εαδ Ϋθαμ εαθσθαμ δδαΰλαθάμ.
It is preferable to avoid the use of the verb "απαΰκλετεηαδ" and use instead the verb "δεθ επδηλΫπεηαδ".
73
English
Greek example (+)
Greek example (-)
Your current security settings
prohibit running ActiveX controls on
this page.
(+) Οδ ηλΫξκνζεμ λνγηέζεδμ
αζθαζεέαμ δεθ επδηλΫπκνθ ηβθ
εεηΫζεζβ ζηκδξεέπθ εζΫΰξκν ActiveX
ζηβ ζεζέδα ανηά.
(-) Οδ ηλΫξκνζεμ λνγηέζεδμ
αζθαζεέαμ απαΰκλετκνθ ηβθ
εεηΫζεζβ ζηκδξεέπθ εζΫΰξκν
ActiveX ζηβ ζεζέδα ανηά.
You are not allowed to change this
property.
(+) Αεθ επδηλΫπεηαδ β αζζαΰά ηβμ
δδδσηβηαμ ανηάμ.
(-) Ώπαΰκλετεηαδ β αζζαΰά ηβμ
δδδσηβηαμ ανηάμ.
Access Denied
(+) Αεθ επδηλΫπεηαδ β πλσζίαζβ
(-) Ώπαΰκλετεηαδ β πλσζίαζβ
Consistency in terminology
Terminological consistency is primarily achieved through the use of Microsoft approved glossaries and
terminology databases but there are some terms which may be rendered differently depending on context and
this is where inconsistencies may occur. The following paragraphs attempt to illustrate such examples and to
provide some helpful guidelines on how to achieve consistency in the rendering of these terms.
The terms "Έλαξμε" and "Δθθίλεζε"
When referring to the running of programs or applications the noun "εεεέθβζβ" should be used instead of "Ϋθαλιβ"
(the word "εεεέθβζβ" is paired with the word "ηεληαηδζησμ"). The noun "Ϋθαλιβ" is mostly used when the emphasis
is placed in the duration of a certain action (the word "Ϋθαλιβ" is paired with the word "ζάιβ").
English
Greek example (+)
Failed to launch help
(+) Δ εθθίλεζε ηβμ ΐκάγεδαμ απΫηνξε
Starting Outlook Setup, please wait...
(+) Δθθίλεζε ηκν πλκΰλΪηηαηκμ εΰεαηΪζηαζβμ ηκν
Outlook. ΠελδηΫθεηε...
Starting recording
(+) Έλαξμε ηβμ βξκΰλΪθβζβμ.
Start time
(+) ΍λα έλαξμεο (σηαθ πλσεεδηαδ, ΰδα παλΪδεδΰηα, ΰδα ηδα
ελΰαζέα ζηκ ΥλκθκδδΪΰλαηηα)
Here, you enter the start and end dates for the (+) Καγκλέζηε ηδμ βηελκηβθέεμ έλαξμεο εαδ ζάιβμ ΰδα ηδμ
range of appointments or tasks you want to export. ζνθαθηάζεδμ ά ηδμ ελΰαζέεμ πκν γΫζεηε θα ειαΰΪΰεηε.
Note: An exception to the above guideline is word "Έθαλιβ" when referring to the "Start" button (εκνηπέ
Έθαλιβμ).
74
The term "rate"
The term "rate" may be translated in several different ways depending on context. The most frequently
encountered translations are "λνγησμ", "ηαξτηβηα" and "ξλΫπζβ". The only way to differentiate between these is
to pay attention to the context and to consult the respective product glossaries.
English
Greek example (+)
Alerts refresh rate
(+) λνγησμ αθαθΫπζβμ εδδκπκδάζεπθ
cursor blink rate
(+) λνγησμ εθαζζαΰάμ θπηεδθσηβηαμ δλκηΫα
broadcast rate
(+) λνγησμ εεπκηπάμ
frame rate
(+) λνγησμ (εθαζζαΰάμ) εαλΫ
file transfer rate
(+) ηαξτηβηα ηεηαθκλΪμ αλξεέπθ
data transfer rate
(+) ηαξτηβηα ηεηΪδκζβμ δεδκηΫθπθ
cost rate table
(+) πέθαεαμ ξλευζεπθ
standard rate
(+) ηνπδεά ξλΫπζβ
The term "recovery"
The term "recovery" may be rendered either as "αθΪεηβζβ" or as "απκεαηΪζηαζβ" depending on context.
"ΏθΪεηβζβ" should be used when the term refers to retrieval of lost data (e.g. after a system crash).
English
Greek example (+)
Cannot recover entry.
(+) Αεθ εέθαδ δνθαηά β αθΪεηβζβ ηβμ εαηαξυλβζβμ.
Discard lost file fragment(s) and recover disk
space.
(+) Ώπσλλδοβ απκεκηηΫθπθ ηηβηΪηπθ εαδ αθΪεηβζβ
ξυλκν ζηκ δέζεκ.
Recover Text
(+) ΏθΪεηβζβ εεδηΫθκν
AutoRecover files
(+) Ώλξεέα Ώνησηαηβμ ΏθΪεηβζβμ
file recovery
(+) αθΪεηβζβ αλξεέπθ
"ΏπκεαηΪζηαζβ" should be used when the terms refers to the recovery of functionality (of programs, processes
etc.) after an interruption of the system operation.
75
English
Greek example (+)
Setup Safe Recovery
(+) Ώζθαζάμ ΏπκεαηΪζηαζβ ηβμ ΒΰεαηΪζηαζβμ
Emergency recovery
(+) ΏπκεαηΪζηαζβ Ώζθαζεέαμ
%2 : The driver detected and recovered from an
internal error.
(+) %2 : Βθηκπέζηβεε ηκ πλσΰλαηηα κδάΰβζβμ εαδ
απκεαηαζηΪγβεε β ζεδηκνλΰέα ηκν ηεηΪ ηκ εζπηελδεσ
ζθΪζηα.
Add additional changes to the 'AUTOEXEC.BAT' (+) Πλκζγάεβ επδπζΫκθ αζζαΰυθ ζηκ αλξεέκ
""AUTOEXEC.BAT"" ηβμ Βθεδλδεάμ δδζεΫηαμ
file on the Emergency Recovery diskette.
απκεαηΪζηαζβμ.
Active Desktop Recovery
(+) ΏπκεαηΪζηαζβ ηκν Active Desktop
Automated System Recovery
(+) Ώνησηαηβ απκεαηΪζηαζβ ζνζηάηαηκμ
bare-metal recovery
(+) κζδεά απκεαηΪζηαζβ ζεδηκνλΰδεκτ ζνζηάηαηκμ
disaster recovery
(+) απκεαηΪζηαζβ εαηαζηλκθάμ
The terms "background" and "foreground"
The terms "θσθηκ" for "background" and "πλυηκ πζΪθκ" for "foreground" should be used for an element that is
visible on the computer screen (a window, a document etc.).
English
Greek example (+)
Do you want to delete the picture from the
background?
(+) ΘΫζεηε θα δδαΰλΪοεηε ανηά ηβθ εδεσθα απσ ηκ θόλην;
Window Background
(+) Φόλην παλαγτλκν
Inserts a sheet background from a file
(+) ΒδζΪΰεδ θόλην θτζζκν απσ Ϋθα αλξεέκ
Color Button: Changes the foreground color of
color palette
(+) Κκνηπέ "Υλυηα": ΜεηαηλΫπεδ ηκ ξλυηα ηκν πξώηνπ
πιάλνπ ηκν επδζεΰηΫθκν εεζδκτ ά αθηδεεδηΫθκν ζηκ
επσηεθκ ξλυηα ηβμ παζΫηαμ ξλπηΪηπθ.
foreground page
(+) ζεζέδα πξώηνπ πιάλνπ
background shading
(+) ζεέαζβ θσθηκν
the selected cell or object to the next color in the
The terms "πλκζεάθδκ" for "foreground" and "παλαζεάθδκ" for "background" should be used for a process (such
as a program or application) that is being run on the system.
76
English
Greek example (+)
foreground program
(+) πλσΰλαηηα ζηκ πξνζθήλην
There is not enough virtual memory to print "^0" in
the background. Do you want to print in the
foreground?
(+) Αεθ νπΪλξεδ αλεεηά εδεκθδεά ηθάηβ ΰδα θα ηνππγεέ β
παλκνζέαζβ "^0" ζηκ παξαζθήλην. ΘΫζεηε θα ηνππγεέ
ζηκ πξνζθήλην;
Microsoft Excel turned off the background query
option, so that the macro you recorded will run
correctly.
(+) Δ επδζκΰά εθαληκΰάμ ελπηάηαηκμ ζηκ παξαζθήλην
απεθελΰκπκδάγβεε απσ ηκ Microsoft Excel, πλκεεδηΫθκν
θα ζεδηκνλΰάζεδ ζπζηΪ β ηαελκεθηκζά πκν Ϋξεδ
εαηαΰλαθεέ.
This refresh is already running in the background.
(+) Ώνηά β αθαθΫπζβ δδεθελΰεέηαδ άδβ ζηκ παξαζθήλην.
background graphics mode
(+) ζεδηκνλΰέα ΰλαθδευθ ζηκ παξαζθήλην
background processing
(+) επειελΰαζέα ζηκ παξαζθήλην
background streaming
(+) λκά ζηκ παξαζθήλην
The term "compact"
The term "compact" should be rendered as "ζνηπτεθπζβ" and not as "ζνηπέεζβ".
English
Greek example (+)
By compacting, you remove any wasted space in
the file(s) above.
(+) Με ηβ ζπκπύθλσζε, γα εαηαλΰάζεηε σζκ πελδηησ
ξυλκ εαηαζαηίΪθκνθ ηα παλαπΪθπ αλξεέα.
There is a lot of wasted space in your mail
folders.\nCompacting will recover this wasted
space.
(+) ΤπΪλξεδ πκζτμ ξυλκμ ζηκνμ θαεΫζκνμ αζζβζκΰλαθέαμ
πκν δεθ ξλβζδηκπκδεέηαδ.\ΒΪθ εΪθεηε ζπκπύθλσζε, κ
ξυλκμ ανησμ γα αθαεηβγεέ.
The virtual disk is already in the process of
compacting.
(+) Δ ζπκπύθλσζε ηκν εδεκθδεκτ δέζεκν ίλέζεεηαδ άδβ
ζε ειΫζδιβ.
A problem occurred in your database. Correct the
(+) ΠαλκνζδΪζηβεε πλσίζβηα ζηβ ίΪζβ δεδκηΫθπθ ζαμ.
Γδα θα δδκλγυζεηε ηκ πλσίζβηα, επδζεενΪζηε εαδ
ζπκππθλώζηε ηβ ίΪζβ δεδκηΫθπθ.
problem by repairing and compacting the
database.
77
The terms "site" and "location"
The term "ηκπκγεζέα" should be used for the term "site" if this refers to a site on the Internet. The term "location"
is usually rendered as "γΫζβ", especially if it refers to file location. However, when "location" refers to a
geographical position it should be rendered as "ηκπκγεζέα".
English
Greek example (+)
Internet Explorer Web Site
(+) Τνπνζεζία Web ηκν Internet Explorer
This is not very likely, but there is a possibility the
download site list does not have a matching
language site for you.
(+) ΒΪθ εαδ ανησ δεθ εέθαδ πδγαθσ, νπΪλξεδ πΪθηα β
πδγαθσηβηα ζηβ ζέζηα ηε ηδμ ηνπνζεζίεο ζάοβμ θα ηβθ
πελδΫξεηαδ ηνπνζεζία ζάοβμ ΰδα ηβ ΰζυζζα πκν Ϋξεηε
επδζΫιεδ.
Setup has found a previously downloaded copy of (+) ΐλΫγβεε Ϋθα αθηέΰλαθκ πλκβΰκτηεθβμ εΰεαηΪζηαζβμ
ηκν Internet Explorer ζηβθ αεσζκνγβ ζέζε:
Internet Explorer at the following location:
Alternate startup file &location:
(+) Βθαζζαεηδεά ζέζε αλξεέκν εεεέθβζβμ:
File locations
(+) Θέζεηο αλξεέπθ
Type the location on the server where you want to
create the index.
(+) Πζβεηλκζκΰάζηε ηβ ζέζε ζηκ δδαεκηδζηά ζηβθ κπκέα
γΫζεηε θα δβηδκνλΰάζεηε ηκ ενλεηάλδκ.
Web Site Map
(+) ΥΪληβμ ηνπνζεζίαο Web
Block Web Site
(+) Ώπκεζεδζησμ ηνπνζεζίαο Web
Choose your location...
(+) ΒπδζΫιηε ηβθ ηνπνζεζία ζαμ…
The term "enter"
To render the word "enter" when it refers to entering information, it is preferable to use the verb "πζβεηλκζκΰυ" or
"εαηαξπλυ" or the noun "εδζαΰπΰά", if a noun is needed.
English
Greek example (+)
The Email address you entered contains a period at (+) Δ δδετγνθζβ βζεεηλκθδεκτ ηαξνδλκηεέκν πκν
the end.
πιεθηξνινγήζαηε Ϋξεδ ηεζεέα ζηκ ηΫζκμ.
Enter the prompt for this question:
(+) Δηζαγσγή πλκηλκπάμ ΰδα ανηάθ ηβθ ελυηβζβ:
Please enter a valid credit card account number.
(+) Καηαρσξήζηε Ϋθαθ Ϋΰενλκ αλδγησ ζκΰαλδαζηκτ
πδζηπηδεάμ εΪληαμ
78
The term "clear"
When the term "clear" refers to the contents of an item, rather than to the item itself, the word "Καγαλδζησμ" is
used. When the term refers to the item in its entirety, the word "απαζκδθά" is used.
English
Greek example (+)
clear window
(+) εαγαλδζησμ παλαγτλκν
clear Clipboard
(+) εαγαλδζησμ Πλκξεέλκν
clear History
(+) εαγαλδζησμ δζηκλδεκτ
Insert entire rows for new data, clear unused cells
(+) Βδζαΰπΰά ΰλαηηυθ ΰδα ηα θΫα δεδκηΫθα, απαζκδθά
εεζδυθ πκν δεθ ξλβζδηκπκδκτθηαδ
Clear Contents
(+) Ώπαζκδθά πελδεξκηΫθπθ
Clear Password
(+) Ώπαζκδθά επδδεκτ πλσζίαζβμ
The terms "heading" and "header"
There is often confusion between headings and headers. 'Heading' is normally translated as "επδεεθαζέδα" and
'header' as "εεθαζέδα".
English
Greek example (+)
Fixed column headings in crosstab
(+) ΢ηαγελΫμ επδεεθαζέδεμ ζηβζυθ ζηβ δδαζηατλπζβ
πδθΪεπθ
Print Headings
(+) Βεητππζβ επδεεθαζέδπθ
Custom header
(+) Πλκζαληκΰά εεθαζέδαμ
Check file header
(+) Έζεΰξκμ εεθαζέδαμ αλξεέκν
Neologisms (coinage)
A neologism is a newly coined term, word or phrase, that may be in the process of entering common use, but has
not yet been accepted into mainstream language.(Wikipedia). We use this term to refer either to new words or to
words that are used with a different meaning that their general language meaning. The use of neologisms in IT
terminology is very common in all languages, and especially in English. Greek is no exception, with the difference
that the Greek language has a rich vocabulary and many of the needs for word coinage can be covered by using
79
common words. In addition, word production in Greek has much stricter rules than in English, and these rules
should be adhered to.
The following guidelines govern the adoption and use of neologisms:
It is not allowed to use neologisms that are derived from the arbitrary "localization" of English words, unless these
neologisms have already been established (e.g. "ακνη"). When it is impossible to find a Greek word(s) that
accurately express the English term, it is preferable to keep the English term (although these cases are rare).
English
Greek example (+)
Greek example (-)
cursor
(+) δλκηΫαμ or δεέεηβμ
(-) εΫλζκλαμ
server
(+) δδαεκηδζηάμ
(-) ζΫλίελ
click
(+) επδζΫΰπ, εΪθπ εζδε
(-) εζδεΪλπ
surfing
(+) πελδάΰβζβ, πελδβΰκτηαδ
(-) ζελθΪλπ
The "coinage" of words should be avoided when equivalent Greek words or expressions exist that can be used.
English
Greek example (+)
Greek example (-)
unselect
(+) αενλυθπ ηβθ επδζκΰά
(-) απκεπδζΫΰπ
deselect
(+) εαηαλΰυ ηβθ επδζκΰά
(-) απκεπδζΫΰπ
It is allowed to use established neologisms and foreign words or expressions. However, the Greek equivalent, if
there is one, should always be preferred. In other words, an important factor in term selection is whether the term
has been established based on usage.
English
Greek example (+)
style
(+) ζηνζ
macro
(+) ηαελκεθηκζά
zoom
(-) ακνη
computer
(+) νπκζκΰδζηάμ
Greek example (-)
(-) εκηπδκτηελ
Foreign words
'Foreign words' are those words that have not been adapted to the Greek morphological system and do not follow
Greek declension rules.
80
Spelling
Foreign words that have been incorporated into the Greek language are usually spelled phonetically. There are
some exceptions where a different spelling has prevailed due to established usage, such the word "ζηνζ" (which
is phonetically spelled "ζηδζ").
The latin spelling of foreign words should be avoided whenever possible. There are however some words or
terms, where the prevailing tendency is to use latin spelling. Please see below an indicative list of such terms.

Some units of measurement: pixel, byte, bit etc.

The key names on a keyboard: TAB, ENTER, etc.

Programming language commands

The word "Internet", "Web" etc.

Product names: Microsoft Word, Internet Information Services etc.

Names of programming objects
Foreign words retain the same spelling when used in the plural number. This applies for both words that are
written with Greek characters and to words written in Latin characters.
When referring to a unit of measurement which is written in the Latin alphabet, it is preferable to use an
abbreviation.
English
Greek example (+)
At least %d Megabytes of free space on drive %c:
are needed.
(+) ΥλεδΪακθηαδ ηκνζΪξδζηκθ %d Μΐ εζετγελκν ξυλκν
ζηκ δέζεκ %c:.
Gender
The same rules apply in general as for the gender of English acronyms. The general tendency is to attribute the
neuter gender to foreign words.
Examples:
(+) ηκ bit, ηα pixel
For the gender of product names, the general rule is to attribute the gender of the most important word that
defines the noun.
81
Examples:
(+) O Microsoft Agent (Ο ΠαλΪΰκθηαμ Microsoft)
(+) To Outlook (Σκ πλσΰλαηηα Outlook)
Please refer to the section "Product Name Gender" for information about the gender of product names.
Examples used in documentation
In general examples used in manuals should be adapted to the Greek setting. Practices and circumstances that
are not encountered in the Greek culture should be replaced with equivalent examples with which the user is
more familiar. For instance, if an example mentions 'american football', this can replaced by 'greek football'
(similar to soccer) to make the example more relevant for the audience.
Any reference to topics which may be considered offensive by a given user group should be avoided. Some
topics which are generally considered sensitive and should be avoided are the following:

Ideology and politics

Recent historical events

Religious beliefs

Social classes

Stereotypes

Racial references
Disclaimer: The above is intended as a general guideline only and does not apply to examples derived from
software (or parts of software) which is not localized into Greek (e.g. Northwind Traders Database included in
Access). The above information should be used in conjunction with the guidelines described in the section
"Fictitious information" and in case of any conflict, the information in the section "Fictitious information" override
the above.
Word choice
Use simple, direct words. Editorial style must be clear, simple, and correct. Use the simplest and most specific
word possible. For example, use "επέζβμ" instead of "επδπλσζγεηα".
Use precise words. When it works with the tone and voice, use one-word nouns and verbs. Nouns and verbs
containing multiple words, such as "πλαΰηαηκπκδυ εΰεαηΪζηαζβ", and "επδηνΰξΪθπ κζκεζάλπζβ", can be
mistakenly interpreted as individual terms instead of the noun or verb phrase. One-word terms, such as
"εΰεαγδζηυ", and "κζκεζβλυθπ" are easier to interpret.
Use equivalent idiomatic and colloquial expressions when possible. For example, the Greek equivalent of
"Kill two birds with one stone" is "Μ‘ Ϋθαθ ζηπΪλκ δνκ ηλνΰσθδα".
82
Avoid surprising word choices, slang, and sarcasm. Puns and coined phrases can be difficult to interpret, and
the readers might not recognize or appreciate sarcasm.
Avoid acronyms and abbreviations (except if the meaning is obvious, as in St. Petersburg), or use them
sparingly and define them in context. For instance, "WA" is the abbreviation for Washington, a state in the
United States, but also for Western Australia.
Use one term for one concept, and use terms consistently. Although the use of synonyms might be more
interesting to read, Greek users might assume that your choice of a different term indicates a subtle distinction in
meaning. For example, choose between "εεεδθάζηε", "εεηεζΫζηε", or "ιεεδθάζηε ηδα εθαληκΰά", and be consistent.
If a term describing a concept already exists, use it. Use terms that already exist, but avoid giving specific
technical meaning to common Greek terms. Greek users are most familiar with the standard meaning, and might
not notice the difference in use. For example, use "ζάοβ ηκν αλξεέκν" instead of "εαηΫίαζηα ηκν αλξεέκν".
Define emerging terminology in the text. Emerging terminology might not be defined in most dictionaries. Use
common Greek when possible.
Before adopting a new term, make sure an equivalent term doesn't already exist. Verify spelling and
hyphenation of new terms. Check other Microsoft products, industry dictionaries, the Microsoft online resources,
competitive products' documentation and websites, online dictionaries (e.g. Webopedia, and Dictionary.com), and
standards organizations such as the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).
Avoid using jargon and creating words or applying new meanings to common words. "Πέθαεεμ εκδθάμ
ξλάζβμ", "δδαδλαζηδεσηβηα" and "δνθαηκζτθκζα" are all good examples. If you must use these terms, define
them near the beginning of every section or article. Jargon is also frequently based on metaphor or U.S. business
practices, which might not make sense to Greek users.
Tone
Use a tone matching the target audience, e.g. formal, informative, and factual for most Microsoft products; a more
informal, playful and inspiring tone may be used for games and MSN products.
Voice
Texts should be directly addressing the user, always in plural (politeness). When verbs are used in imperative
mood, the second person in plural number should be used.
English
Greek example (+)
You are now connected to the Internet.
(+) Έξεηε ηυλα ζνθδεγεέ ζηκ Internet.
You can open the file.
(+) Μπκλεέηε θα αθκέιεηε ηκ αλξεέκ.
Open the file.
(+) Ώθκέιηε ηκ αλξεέκ.
83
Use active voice and imperative or indicative mood, when possible, to make the sentence more direct and clear.
Greek example (+)
Greek example (-)
(+) Με πκζζΫμ ΰζυζζεμ εΰεαηεζηβηΫθεμ ζηκθ
νπκζκΰδζηά ζαμ, ηπκλεέηε θα ζνθηΪιεηε Ϋΰΰλαθα
πκν θα πελδΫξκνθ πελδζζσηελεμ απσ ηέα ΰζυζζεμ.
(-) Με πκζζΫμ ΰζυζζεμ εΰεαηεζηβηΫθεμ ζηκθ νπκζκΰδζηά
ζαμ, ηπκλκτθ θα ζνθηαξγκτθ Ϋΰΰλαθα πκν θα
πελδΫξκνθ πελδζζσηελεμ απσ ηέα ΰζυζζεμ.
Localization Guidelines
This section contains guidelines for localization into Greek language.
General Considerations
Experience gained from the localization of Microsoft products led to the adoption of some basic localization
guidelines which are included in this chapter.
Abbreviations
Abbreviated words should be avoided as a rule in Microsoft products, unless they are indicated or accepted by
general indications about product localization (if any) and abide by the following guidelines.
If a word is abbreviated, the same abbreviated form should be used throughout consistently. Abbreviations should
be avoided in menus and menu commands of an application.
Common Abbreviations
In general, there are three ways in which a word can be abbreviated in Greek:
The first one is to omit some characters from the middle of the world and maintain, apart from the first and the last
one, some characters from the middle of the word which are usually consonants.
Example:
(+) Αδα (δεζπκδθέδα)
(+) Κκμ (ετλδκμ)
The second one is to omit the last part of the word, but in this case abbreviation should end in a consonant.
Example:
(+) αλ. (αλδγησμ)
84
(+) δβζ. (δβζαδά)
The third one is to omit some characters from the middle of the word and replace them by a vertical.
Example:
(+) Α/θζβ (Αδετγνθζβ)
(+) Θεζ/θέεβ (Θεζζαζκθέεβ)
Next, please see below a list of common abbreviations used in Greek.
Word
Acceptable Abbreviation
αδυθαμ
αδ.
αλδγησμ
αλ.
ίζΫπε
ίζ.
ΰλαηηΪλδα
ΰλαηη.
δβζαδά
δβζ.
δεζπκδθέδα
Αδα
δδετγνθζβ
δδετγ., Α/θζβ
δδδΪεηκλαμ
Αλ.
δλαξηΫμ
δλξ.
εεαηκζησ
εε.
εηίαδσθ
εηί.
ετλδκμ, ενλέα
ε.
εαδ Ϊζζα
ε.Ϊ.
Κεζζέκν (ίαγηκέ γεληκελαζέαμ)
ΚΫζζ.
ετλδκδ ά ενλέεμ
ε.ε.
Κτλδκμ, Κνλέα
Κκμ, Κα
εεθΪζαδκ
Κεθ.
εαδ ηα ζκδπΪ
εηζ., ε.ζπ.
ενίδεσμ
ενί.
ηΫηλα
η.
85
Word
Acceptable Abbreviation
ηέζδα
ηδζ.
παλΪίαζε
πλίζ.
ζεζέδα
ζεζ.
ζβηεέπζβ
ζβη.
ησηκμ
ηση.
ηεηλαΰπθδεσμ
ηεηλ.
ησθκδ
ησθ.
νζηελσΰλαθκ
ΤΓ.
ξδζδσΰλαηηα
ξΰλ.
ξδζδΪδεμ
ξδζ.
ξδζδσηεηλα
ξη.
ηεηλαΰπθδεΪ ηΫηλα
η.η.
εαδ κτηπ εαγειάμ
ε.κ.ε.
ΕαθκνΪλδκμ
Εαθ.
ΦείλκνΪλδκμ
Φείλ.
ΜΪληδκμ
ΜΪλη.
Ώπλέζδκμ
Ώπλ.
ΜΪδκμ
ΜΪδκμ
Εκτθδκμ
Εκτθ.
Εκτζδκμ
Εκτζ.
Ώτΰκνζηκμ
Ώτΰ.
΢επηΫηίλδκμ
΢επη.
Οεηυίλδκμ
Οεη.
ΝκΫηίλδκμ
ΝκΫη.
ΑεεΫηίλδκμ
Αεε.
ΑενηΫλα
Αενη.
Σλέηβ
Σλ.
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Word
Acceptable Abbreviation
ΣεηΪληβ
Σεη.
ΠΫηπηβ
ΠΫη.
Παλαζεενά
Παλ.
΢Ϊίίαηκ
΢Ϊί.
Κνλδαεά
Κνλ.
Non-conventional Abbreviations
Although abbreviated words should be avoided as a rule in Microsoft products, on rare occasions they cannot be
avoided. In such cases, abbreviated forms are specified (non-conventional abbreviations), especially when a word
is too long and does not fit in available space. This is a common phenomenon in application dialogs. When
defining a non-conventional abbreviation, extra care should be taken so that the meaning of abbreviated form is
completely clear and would not cause any ambiguity to user.
The following general guidelines apply:

The number of characters remaining should not be less than three.

Abbreviated forms bear a period at the end, unless they are placed at the end of the sentence.
87
Unlocalized Abbreviations
Apart from abbreviations deriving from Greek words and which are written in the Greek alphabet, there are
abbreviated forms which are written in Latin characters because they arise from international, standard
terminology or common use. Most of the times, these concern measurement units.
Unlocalized abbreviations should be maintained as they are, as long as there is no Greek equivalent or if the
unlocalized form is prevalent in the Greek setting (that is, when they are used more widely than their localized
equivalent).
Examples:
(+) MΔz
(+) Km
(+) KB
(+) Μΐ
(+) GB
Some of the more common unlocalized abbreviated forms are mentioned in the following table, along with their
suggested translation:
English
Greek
cm
εε.
mm
ξδζ.
in
έθ.
Kg
ξΰλ.
gr
ΰλ.
min
ζεπ.
sec
δενη.
Plural number of abbreviations
Abbreviations do not change form in plural number.
Example:
(+) 1 ξη. (1 ξδζδσηεηλκ)
(+) 10 ξη. (10 ξδζδσηεηλα)
Periods used in abbreviations
A period at the end of an abbreviated form can be omitted only in the following situations:

In unlocalized abbreviations
88

When the abbreviation is located before a period in a sentence or before ellipsis.
In the rest of the cases abbreviated forms maintain the period (if it exists in their type).
Accessibility
Please see the section on "Access Keys/Hotkeys".
Acronyms
General
Acronyms are words made up of the initial letters of the constituents of a compound term. Some well-known
examples are WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get), OLE (Object Linking and Embedding), or RAM
(Random Access Memory). Acronyms are written in upper-case characters, are not conjugated and do not bear
dashes or spaces but only periods. The following general rules apply:
Localized Acronyms
If it is necessary to use the acronym gender, then the one belonging to the most important of the composing
words is selected.
Example:
(+) Δ Α.Β.Δ. (Δ Αβησζδα Βπδξεέλβζβ Δζεεηλδζηκτ)
(+) H SQL (Δ ΰζυζζα SQL)
All acronyms used in text that are not widely known should be written in full form the first time they appear in each
chapter.
Certain acronyms are established in spoken language as names and they should maintain this attribute.
Example:
(+) ΛΫδαελ
Unlocalized Acronyms
Most common acronym forms in Microsoft products are unlocalized acronyms, mainly English ones. Contrary to
the Greek language, acronyms are written with no periods among the characters that compose them. In Greek
texts, these acronyms maintain the form in which they display in English.
An effort must be made so that unlocalized acronyms are reader-friendly. For that reason, when they appear in
the text for the first time, English words from which they derive as well as their Greek translation should appear
next to them in parentheses.
Example:
(+) OLE (Object Linking and Embedding, ΢τθδεζβ εαδ ΒθζπηΪηπζβ ΏθηδεεδηΫθπθ)
89
If the English text contains their full rendering, the full rendering will be translated to Greek and placed next to
acronym in parentheses the first time that term is met in the text.
English
Greek example (+)
Color Management Module (CMM)
(+) Λεδηκνλΰδεά ηκθΪδα Αδαξεέλδζβμ ΥλπηΪηπθ (Color
Management Module, CMM)
If the acronym and its full form are used concurrently in a section, in the Greek translation the acronym (which is
usually maintained in English) should follow the full form (which is usually translated), so that it would be easier to
correlate the two distinctive forms of the term. This should happen at every instance of the full form inside the
translated text.
English
Greek example (+)
If you enable authentication you may need to type a (+) ΒΪθ εθελΰκπκδάζεηε ηκθ Ϋζεΰξκ ηανησηβηαμ ηπκλεέ θα
fully qualified domain name.
ξλεδαζηεέ θα εδζαΰΪΰεηε ηκ πζάλπμ πλκζδδκλδζηΫθκ σθκηα
ηκηΫα (FQDN).
There are certain unlocalized acronyms which are very common, consequently it is not necessary to insert their
translation in Greek.
Examples:
RAM (Random Access Memory)
OLE (Object Linking & Embedding)
DLL (Dynamic Link Library)
CPU (Central Processing Unit)
Acronym gender
If possible, the use of a gender should be avoided with English acronyms, by adding a descriptive word.
English
Greek example (+)
Corrupted DLL
(+) Σκ αξρείν DLL εέθαδ εαηεζηλαηηΫθκ
At least one IPX address used by this computer is
not registered in the MQIS.
(+) ΣκνζΪξδζηκθ ηέα δηεύζπλζε IPX πκν ξλβζδηκπκδεέ
ανησμ κ νπκζκΰδζηάμ δεθ εέθαδ εαηαξπλβηΫθβ ζηβθ
ππεξεζία MQIS.
90
English
Greek example (+)
Use HTTP 1.1
(+) Υλάζβ ηκν πξσηνθόιινπ HTTP 1.1
If the use of gender is necessary, then choose the gender from the word that defines the acronym:
Greek example (+)
Comment
Σκ UNIX
To ζεδηκνλΰδεσ ζτζηβηα UNIX
H CPU
Δ ηκθΪδα CPU
H HTML
Δ ΰζυζζα HTML
This rule also has exceptions. If a gender is already established for the acronym, the prevailing form should be
used. Often, neutral gender is attributed to acronyms.
Applications, Products, and Features
Application/product names are often trademarked or may be trademarked in the future and are therefore rarely
translated. Occasionally, feature names are trademarked too (e.g. IntelliSense™). Before translating any
application, product, or feature name, please verify that it is in fact translatable and not protected in any way.
91
Product and program names
Product names that are Microsoft trademarks remain unlocalized. Usually, such product names contain the term
"Microsoft" in the name.
English
Greek example (+)
Open Microsoft ActiveSync
(+) Άθκδΰηα ηκν Microsoft ActiveSync
Start Microsoft Office OneNote
(+) Έθαλιβ ηκν Microsoft Office OneNote
Program names contained in Windows and Works are usually translated, unless they are trademarked.
English
Greek example (+)
Windows Explorer
(+) Βιελετθβζβ ηπθ Windows
About Notepad
(+) Πζβλκθκλέεμ ΰδα ηκ ΢βηεδπηαηΪλδκ
Works Calendar
(+) Δηελκζσΰδκ ηκν Works
Windows Defender
(+) Windows Defender
BitLocker Drive Encryption
(+) ΚλνπηκΰλΪθβζβ ηκθΪδπθ δέζεκν BitLocker
Version names usually also remain unlocalized, with the exception of Microsoft Office "Home and Student" and
"Home and Business" versions, which are translated as "Έεδκζβ ΰδα κδεδαεά ξλάζβ εαδ ηαγβηΫμ" and "Έεδκζβ ΰδα
κδεδαεά ξλάζβ εαδ ηδελΫμ επδξεδλάζεδμ" respectively.
English
Greek example (+)
Microsoft® Office Visio® Professional 2007
(+) Microsoft® Office Visio® Professional 2007
Microsoft® Office Professional Plus 2007
(+) Microsoft® Office Professional Plus 2007
Microsoft Office Outlook 2007 with Business
Contact Manager
(+) Microsoft Office Outlook 2007 with Business Contact
Manager
Microsoft® Office Home and Student 2007
(+) Microsoft® Office 2007 Έεδκζβ ΰδα κδεδαεά ξλάζβ εαδ
ηαγβηΫμ
Windows Vista Ultimate
(+) Windows Vista Ultimate
In some cases, the product name includes a general term (such as "server") which may lead to confusion with
respect to what is localized and when it should be localized. See the following example for instance where the
product name (e.g. Exchange Server) needs to be distinguished from the server that runs the application (e.g.
Microsoft Exchange Server).
92
English
Greek example (+)
An error occurred while connecting to the Microsoft
Exchange Server.
(+) ΠαλκνζδΪζηβεε ζθΪζηα εαηΪ ηβ ζτθδεζβ ηε ηκ
δδαεκηδζηά ηκν Microsoft Exchange.
Exchange Server Edition
(+) Έεδκζβ ΰδα ηκθ Exchange Server
Your Microsoft Exchange Server is unavailable.
(+) Ο δδαεκηδζηάμ ηκν Microsoft Exchange δεθ εέθαδ
δδαγΫζδηκμ.
Microsoft Exchange Server offline address book:
(+) ΐδίζέκ δδενγτθζεπθ ξπλέμ ζτθδεζβ ηκν Microsoft
Exchange Server:
An error occurred while connecting to the Microsoft
Exchange Server.
(+) ΠαλκνζδΪζηβεε ζθΪζηα εαηΪ ηβ ζτθδεζβ ηε ηκ
δδαεκηδζηά ηκν Microsoft Exchange.
Product name gender
The gender for Product Names should be agreed upon before the project starts. If the gender is not specified in
the glossary being used and the gender is not part of common usage, ask your Microsoft contact.
Some general guidelines that may help decide the gender of product, application and/or feature names are the
following:





Server applications are usually rendered using the masculine gender.
Programming languages are are usually rendered using the feminine gender.
Games are generally rendered using the neuter gender.
Names ending in -er such as "Manager" or "Publisher" are usually rendered using the masculine
gender.
"Encarta" and "Access" are rendered using the feminine gender.
However, please note that the above guidelines are not restrictive or all encompassing. Exceptions may always
occur based on usage, context or marketing preferences.
Examples:
(+) Ο Internet Explorer
(+) Ο Exchange Server
(+) Σκ Exchange
(+) Σκ Outlook
(+) Σκ Word
(+) Σκ Power Point
(+) Δ Access
(+) Σκ Office
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(+) Tα Windows
(+) Ο Publisher
(+) Ο Team Manager
(+) H Visual C++
(+) Δ Encarta
(+) Σκ Age of Empires
Element and product feature names
As a rule, product features and product elements are localized into Greek. If a feature or an element has an
acronym too, then acronym remains in English. However, the acronym‘s full form is localized in Greek.
English
Greek example (+)
Information Access Service (IAS)
(+) Τπβλεζέα πλσζίαζβμ πζβλκθκλδυθ (IAS)
Quarantine Enforcement Server (QES)
(+) Αδαεκηδζηάμ επδίκζάμ εαλαθηέθαμ (QES)
System Health Agent (SHA)
(+) ΠαλΪΰκθηαμ ετλνγηβμ ζεδηκνλΰέαμ ζνζηάηαηκμ (SHA)
Frequent Errors
Please refer to the previous sections on Grammar and Style for examples of some of the most frequent errors that
occur during the localization of Microsoft products.
Glossaries
Working glossaries compile translations of all components in a specific product. They are often updated. Your
product team representative will be able to provide you with the most updated glossaries that have to be used for
each project.
Example:
O14_SW_1032_ELL_glossary_CSV.csv
ell-grc-csv-Windows 7.csv
94
Fictitious Information
Fictitious content is legally sensitive material and as such cannot be handled as a pure terminology or localization
issue.
Recurring Patterns
When translating titles there are certain recurrent patterns that you should pay attention to. A few examples
follow:
English
Greek example (+)
Configuring <product_name>
(+) Ρτγηδζβ παλαηΫηλπθ ηκν/ηβμ/ηπθ <product_name>
Upgrading <product_name>
(+) ΒθβηΫλπζβ ηκν/ηβμ/ηπθ <product_name>
What's New in <product_name>
(+) Σδ θΫκ νπΪλξεδ ζηκθ/ζηβθ/ζηκ/ζηα <product_name>
Getting started with Templates
(+) Γλάΰκλα απκηεζΫζηαηα ηε ηα πλσηνπα
Get online Help
(+) Λάοβ βζεεηλκθδεάμ ΐκάγεδαμ
For more information and help on this topic, please
see
(+) Γδα πελδζζσηελεμ πζβλκθκλέεμ εαδ ίκάγεδα ζξεηδεΪ ηε
ανησ ηκ γΫηα, αθαηλΫιηε ζηκ γΫηα
For more information, click Help.
(+) Γδα πελδζζσηελεμ πζβλκθκλέεμ, εΪθηε εζδε ζηκ εκνηπέ
"ΐκάγεδα".
For more information, go to the Office Web site.
(+) Γδα πελδζζσηελεμ πζβλκθκλέεμ, επδζεεθηεέηε ηβθ
ηκπκγεζέα Web ηκν Office.
Go to the first page
(+) ΜεηΪίαζβ ζηβθ πλυηβ ζεζέδα
Standardized Translations
There are a number of standardized translations mentioned in all sections of this Style Guide. In order to find
them more easily, the most relevant topics and sections are compiled here for your reference.
Grammar, Syntax & Orthographic Conventions
Adjectives
Articles
Capitalization
Genitive
Nouns
95
Prepositions
Pronouns
Syntax
Style and Tone Considerations
Audience
Style
Tone
Voice
Localization Guidelines - General Considerations
Acronyms
Applications, Products and Features
Recurring Patterns
Unlocalized Items
Localization Guidelines - Software Considerations
User Interface
Messages
Keys
Please see also below two lists of standardized translations for your reference.
User Interface Elements
The following list includes the translations of the most common user interface elements (like menus, commands)
appearing in Microsoft products. The below list is only indicative. Depending on the context, translation of the
above terms may vary.
English
Greek
English
Greek
About …
Πζβλκθκλέεμ ΰδα …
Clear
Ώπαζκδθά
Arrange all
Σαεηκπκέβζβ σζπθ
Close
Κζεέζδηκ
Browse
Ώθααάηβζβ
Control Panel
Πέθαεαμ ΒζΫΰξκν
Cancel
Άενλκ
Copy
Ώθηδΰλαθά
96
English
Greek
English
Greek
Cut
Ώπκεκπά
Save as
Ώπκγάεενζβ πμ
Delete
Αδαΰλαθά
Search
Ώθααάηβζβ
Edit
Βπειελΰαζέα
Select all
Βπδζκΰά σζπθ
Exit
Έικδκμ
Shut down
Σεληαηδζησμ
File
Ώλξεέκ
Size
ΜεΰΫγνθζβ
Find
Βτλεζβ
Sort by
Σαιδθσηβζβ εαηΪ
Format
Μκλθά
Split
Αδαέλεζβ
Go to
ΜεηΪίαζβ
Start
Έθαλιβ
Help
ΐκάγεδα
Table
Πέθαεαμ
Insert
Βδζαΰπΰά
Tools
Βλΰαζεέα
Maximize
Μεΰδζηκπκέβζβ
Undo
Ώθαέλεζβ
Minimize
Βζαξδζηκπκέβζβ
View
Πλκίκζά
Move
Μεηαεέθβζβ
Welcome
Καζυμ κλέζαηε
New
Αβηδκνλΰέα
What‘s this?
Σδ θΫκ νπΪλξεδ
Object
Ώθηδεεέηεθκ
Window
ΠαλΪγνλκ
OK
ΟΚ
Open
Άθκδΰηα
Page Setup
Αδαησλθπζβ ζεζέδαμ
Paste
Βπδεσζζβζβ
Paste special
Βδδδεά επδεσζζβζβ
Print
Βεητππζβ
Print preview
Πλκεπδζεσπβζβ εεητππζβμ
Properties
Εδδσηβηεμ
Redo
ΒπαθΪζβοβ
Replace
ΏθηδεαηΪζηαζβ
Restore
ΒπαθαθκλΪ
Save
Ώπκγάεενζβ
97
User Interface Messages
The following list includes the translations of the most frequently encountered messages and phrases
encountered in Microsoft user interface. Please note that this list is only indicative. Depending on the context,
translation of the above terms may vary.
English
Greek example (+)
%1 contained an unexpected object.
(+) Σκ %1 πελδΫξεδ Ϋθα απλκζδσεβηκ αθηδεεέηεθκ.
%1 contains an invalid path.
(+) Σκ %1 πελδΫξεδ ηδα δδαδλκηά πκν δεθ εέθαδ Ϋΰενλβ.
%1 was not found.
(+) Σκ %1 δεθ ίλΫγβεε.
Access denied
(+) Αεθ επδηλΫπεηαδ β πλσζίαζβ.
Access to server has been denied.
(+) Δ πλσζίαζβ ζηκ δδαεκηδζηά δεθ επδηλΪπβεε.
All rights reserved.
(+) Με επδθτζαιβ εΪγε θσηδηκν δδεαδυηαηκμ.
An error has occurred
(+) ΠαλκνζδΪζηβεε Ϋθα ζθΪζηα.
An internal error has occurred.
(+) ΠαλκνζδΪζηβεε Ϋθα εζπηελδεσ ζθΪζηα.
An unknown error has occurred.
(+) ΠαλκνζδΪζηβεε Ϋθα Ϊΰθπζηκ ζθΪζηα.
An unknown error occurred while accessing %1.
(+) ΠαλκνζδΪζηβεε Ϋθα Ϊΰθπζηκ ζθΪζηα εαηΪ ηβθ
πλσζίαζβ ζηκ %1.
An unsupported operation was attempted.
(+) Έΰδθε πλκζπΪγεδα εεηΫζεζβμ ηδαμ ζεδηκνλΰέαμ πκν δεθ
νπκζηβλέαεηαδ.
Are you sure you want to remove this driver?
(+) ΘΫζεηε ζέΰκνλα θα εαηαλΰάζεηε ανησ ηκ πλσΰλαηηα
κδάΰβζβμ;
Cannot close the file
(+) Αεθ εέθαδ δνθαησ ηκ εζεέζδηκ ηκν αλξεέκν.
Cannot find file
(+) Αεθ εέθαδ δνθαηά β ετλεζβ ηκν αλξεέκν.
Cannot open file
(+) Αεθ εέθαδ δνθαησ ηκ Ϊθκδΰηα ηκν αλξεέκν.
Cannot paste from the Clipboard
(+) Αεθ εέθαδ δνθαηά β επδεσζζβζβ απσ ηκ Πλσξεδλκ.
Continue?
(+) ΘΫζεηε θα ζνθεξέζεηε;
Destination disk drive is full.
(+) Δ ηκθΪδα δέζεκν πλκκλδζηκτ εέθαδ ΰεηΪηβ.
Disk full
(+) Ο δέζεκμ ΰΫηδζε.
Disk full while accessing %1.
(+) ΚαηΪ ηβθ πλσζίαζβ ζηκ %1 κ δέζεκμ ΰΫηδζε.
Do you want to continue?
(+) ΘΫζεηε θα ζνθεξέζεηε;
98
English
Greek example (+)
Do you want to overwrite the existing file?
(+) ΘΫζεηε θα αθηδεαηαζηάζεηε ηκ νπΪλξκθ αλξεέκ;
Error Accessing Temp File
(+) ΠαλκνζδΪζηβεε ζθΪζηα εαηΪ ηβθ πλκζπΫζαζβ
πλκζπλδθκτ αλξεέκν.
Error While Deleting Item
(+) ΠαλκνζδΪζηβεε ζθΪζηα εαηΪ ηβ δδαΰλαθά εθσμ
ζηκδξεέκν.
Failed to create object
(+) Δ δβηδκνλΰέα ηκν αθηδεεδηΫθκν απΫηνξε.
Failed to delete object
(+) Δ δδαΰλαθά ηκν αθηδεεδηΫθκν απΫηνξε.
Failed to save document
(+) Δ απκγάεενζβ ηκν εΰΰλΪθκν απΫηνξε.
File not copied
(+) Σκ αλξεέκ δεθ αθηδΰλΪθβεε.
File not found
(+) Σκ αλξεέκ δεθ ίλΫγβεε.
Insufficient disk space
(+) Αεθ νπΪλξεδ αλεεησμ ξυλκμ ζηκ δέζεκ.
Insufficient memory to start this application
(+) Αεθ νπΪλξεδ αλεεηά ηθάηβ ΰδα θα ιεεδθάζεδ ανηά β
εθαληκΰά.
Internal Error
(+) ΠαλκνζδΪζηβεε εζπηελδεσ ζθΪζηα.
Invalid filename.
(+) Σκ σθκηα αλξεέκν δεθ εέθαδ Ϋΰενλκ.
Invalid property value
(+) Δ ηδηά ηβμ δδδσηβηαμ δεθ εέθαδ Ϋΰενλβ.
Invalid value for the mouse icon.
(+) Δ ηδηά ΰδα ηκ εδεκθέδδκ ηκν πκθηδεδκτ δεθ εέθαδ Ϋΰενλβ.
Memory allocation failed!
(+) ΏπΫηνξε β εεξυλβζβ ηθάηβμ.
No error message is available.
(+) Αεθ νπΪλξεδ δδαγΫζδηκ ηάθνηα ζθΪζηαηκμ.
Not able to open this file
(+) Αεθ εέθαδ δνθαησ ηκ Ϊθκδΰηα ανηκτ ηκν αλξεέκν.
Not enough available memory to perform this
operation
(+) Αεθ νπΪλξεδ αλεεηά δδαγΫζδηβ ηθάηβ ΰδα θα ΰέθεδ ανηά
β ζεδηκνλΰέα.
Not enough disk space
(+) Αεθ νπΪλξεδ αλεεησμ ξυλκμ ζηκ δέζεκ.
Not enough memory available for this operation
(+) Αεθ νπΪλξεδ αλεεηά δδαγΫζδηβ ηθάηβ ΰδα ανηάθ ηβ
ζεδηκνλΰέα.
Out of memory
(+) Δ ηθάηβ δεθ επαλεεέ.
Please check to make sure
(+) ΐείαδπγεέηε σηδ
Please check to make sure the camera is
connected and powered on.
(+) ΐείαδπγεέηε σηδ β εΪηελα εέθαδ ζνθδεδεηΫθβ εαδ
ίλέζεεηαδ ζε ζεδηκνλΰέα.
99
English
Greek example (+)
Please check to make sure you have the proper
configuration.
(+) ΐείαδπγεέηε σηδ κδ λνγηέζεδμ ζαμ εέθαδ ζπζηΫμ.
Please enter a currency.
(+) Πζβεηλκζκΰάζηε ηδα θκηδζηαηδεά ηκθΪδα.
Please enter a date and/or time.
(+) Πζβεηλκζκΰάζηε βηελκηβθέα ά/εαδ υλα.
Please enter a positive integer.
(+) Πζβεηλκζκΰάζηε Ϋθαθ γεηδεσ αεΫλαδκ.
Please insert the disk
(+) Σκπκγεηάζηε ηβ δδζεΫηα.
Printer error
(+) ΠαλκνζδΪζηβεε ζθΪζηα εεηνππηά.
Setup is unable to install the file
(+) Σκ πλσΰλαηηα εΰεαηΪζηαζβμ δεθ εέθαδ δνθαησ θα
εΰεαηαζηάζεδ ηκ αλξεέκ.
Setup is unable to remove an item
(+) Σκ πλσΰλαηηα εΰεαηΪζηαζβμ δεθ εέθαδ δνθαησ θα
εαηαλΰάζεδ Ϋθα ζηκδξεέκ.
There is not enough memory available to perform
this operation
(+) Αεθ νπΪλξεδ αλεεηά δδαγΫζδηβ ηθάηβ ΰδα ηβθ εεηΫζεζβ
ανηάμ ηβμ ζεδηκνλΰέαμ.
Unable to create file
(+) Αεθ εέθαδ δνθαηά β δβηδκνλΰέα ηκν αλξεέκν.
Unable to select all annotations.
(+) Αεθ εέθαδ δνθαηά β επδζκΰά σζπθ ηπθ ζξκζέπθ.
Unknown error.
(+) ΠαλκνζδΪζηβεε Ϊΰθπζηκ ζθΪζηα.
100
Unlocalized Items
Trademarked names and the name Microsoft Corporation shouldn‘t be localized. A list of Microsoft trademarks is
available for your reference at the following location: http://www.microsoft.com/trademarks/t-mark/names.htm.
Next, there is a list with translations that equal source text.
Word
Comment
OK
OK button in a user interface
Caps Lock
key name
Shift
key name
Ctrl
key name
Alt
key name
Tab
key name
Enter
key name
Backspace
key name
Delete
key name
Num Lock
key name
Home
key name
End
key name
Page Up
key name
Page Down
key name
Insert
key name
Print Screen
key name
Scroll Lock
key name
Num Lock
key name
Escape
key name
Pause
key name
Break
key name
ActiveX
Term
101
Word
Comment
ANSI
Term
Arial
Font name
ASCII
Term
Baud
Term
bit
Term
Bitmap
Term
byte
Term
CD
Term
CD-ROM
Term
COM+
Term
Cookie
Term
DirectX
Term
Ethernet
Term
FTP
Term
GB
Term
GHz
Term
GIF
Term
GUI
Term
HTML
Term
HTTP
Term
Internet
Term
IP
Term
ISDN
Term
Java
Programming language
kilobyte
Term
MB
Term
megabyte
Term
102
Word
Comment
MIF
Term
MIME
Term
modem
Term
MSN
Term
Pixel
Term
Service pack
Term
SGML
Term
TCP
Term
TrueType
Term
TRUSTe
Term
TWAIN
Term
Unicode
Term
USB
Term
URL
Term
UTF-8
Term
W3C
Term
Web
Term
World Wide Web
Term
XML
Term
The above list is not exhaustive, but only contains some of the most common examples.
Please see also some general guidelines below that determine localizability in Microsoft products:

Trademarks or registered trademarks should be kept in English.

Product names should be kept in English

All font names are not localized.

User and group role names are not localized: e.g. Administrator, User, Guest

Key names are not localized, except for: Space (πζάεηλκ δδαζηάηαηκμ), Up Arrow (επΪθπ ίΫζκμ), Down
Arrow (εΪηπ ίΫζκμ), Left Arrow (αλδζηελσ ίΫζκμ) and Right Arrow (δειδσ ίΫζκμ)
103

Most English technical acronyms and abbreviations do not get localized, e.g. ASCII, URL, CC, CD, GB,
I/O, ISDN, MB, MIDI, MS-DOS, NTSC, OS, PC, TCP/IP

File name extensions are not localized

Most units of measurement (especially those expressing IT concepts) are not localized, e.g. MB, KB, GB,
MHz, baud.

Programming language and command-line commands are not localized.

Names of programming elements such as classes, objects, methods, variables, attributes are generally
not localized.

Names of particular technologies are not localized (e.g. DirectDraw, DirectShow, DirectX, ActiveX,
Kerberos, TrueType)
Using the Word Microsoft
In English, it is prohibited to use MS as an abbreviation for Microsoft.
In Greek language we also use the full form of the word Microsoft.
English
Greek example (+)
Microsoft® is a registered trademark of Microsoft
Corporation
(+) Δ εππθνηέα Microsoft® εέθαδ ζάηα εαηαηεγΫθ ηβμ
Microsoft Corporation
Open web pages in the Microsoft Office application
that created them
(+) Άθκδΰηα δζηκζεζέδπθ ζηβθ εθαληκΰά ηκν Microsoft
Office πκν ηδμ δβηδκτλΰβζε
Software Considerations
This section refers to all menus, menu items, commands, buttons, check boxes, etc., which should be consistently
translated in the localized product.
Refer to http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/aa511258.aspx for a detailed explanation of the Windows user interface
guidelines (English).
User Interface
Menus, dialog boxes, tooltips
Nouns should be used for the translation of program menus, commands, dialog box items (labels, buttons, etc.)
and tooltips. However, when a tooltip is overly long, it may also be rendered with a verbal phrase, provided that all
tooltips appearing in the same context are rendered in the same way, thus ensuring stylistic consistency.
Nouns in menus, commands and tooltips should appear in nominative case.
104
English
Greek example (+)
Greek example (-)
Open
(+) Άθκδΰηα
(-) Άθκδιε
Save as...
(+) Ώπκγάεενζβ πμ...
(-) Ώπκγάεενζε πμ
Examples:
105
Items in submenus should also appear in nominative case (but their grammatical case doesn't need to
syntactically match the menu in which they belong).
Example:
If the items in the submenu are adjectives, they should match the gender of the submenu.
106
Example:
Items in dialog boxes that belong in an option group should syntactically match the title of the group.
Example:
Items that appear in dropdown lists should syntactically match the label/title of the dropdown list.
107
Example:
Verbs in subjunctive mood can be used in options, titles and labels inside dialog boxes.
Example:
Buttons and keys
The term "key" refers to the keys on a computer keyboard. The term "button" refers to elements on the computer
screen that resemble keys and can be selected by the user.
108
Keys are not localized in Greek with some exceptions where descriptive names are used. Please see the
following section on "Keys" for detailed information.
Nouns are generally used to translate buttons. There are some exceptions which are derived from usage and
convention, such as "Άενλκ" (adjective) for the "Cancel" button or "OK" (spelled as in English) for the "OK" button.
Also, some button names which cannot be successfully rendered as a noun are rendered as a verb instead.
Please see the following example.
Below are some examples of common phrases referring to buttons that we often come across when localizing
software. Please note the use of the verbs "επδζΫΰπ", "δδαζΫΰπ" or "εΪθπ εζδε" that precede the button names.
With the phrase "εΪθπ εζδε", the word "εκνηπέ" is often added in Greek even though it is not included in the
English source. The verb "πδΫαπ" or "παηΪπ" is usually reserved for keys or when the indicated action is to 'press
and hold'.
English
Greek example (+)
Click Continue to try this device again.
(+) ΚΪθηε εζδε ζηκ εκνηπέ "΢νθΫξεδα" ΰδα θα ΰέθεδ θΫα
απσπεδλα δκεδηάμ ανηάμ ηβμ ζνζεενάμ.
Please click on Next to continue.
(+) ΒπδζΫιηε "Βπσηεθκ" ΰδα θα ζνθεξέζεηε.
Right click an icon to see its properties sheet; select (+) ΚΪθηε δειδσ εζδε ζε Ϋθα εδεκθέδδκ εαδ επδζΫιηε "Στπκμ
δδαεκηδζηά" εαδ ζηβ ζνθΫξεδα "Ρνγηέζεδμ TCP/IP".
Server Type, and then TCP/IP settings.
Press and hold to view sample
(+) ΠδΫζηε παλαηεηαηΫθα ηκ εκνηπέ ΰδα θα πλκίζβγεέ ηκ
δεέΰηα
WARNING: Pressing CTRL+ALT+DEL again will (+) ΠΡΟΒΕΑΟΠΟΕΔ΢Δ: ΒΪθ πδΫζεηε ιαθΪ ηα πζάεηλα
CTRL+ALT+DEL, γα ιεεδθάζεδ πΪζδ κ νπκζκΰδζηάμ ζαμ.
restart your computer.
109
Dialog titles
In software references, dialog titles are indicated in the same way they appear on screen and inside quotes.
English
Greek example (+)
See the Page numbers dialog box
Αεέηε ηκ παλΪγνλκ δδαζσΰκν "Ώλδγηκέ ζεζέδπθ"
Open the Help with Mail Merge dialog box
Ώθκέιηε ηκ παλΪγνλκ δδαζσΰκν "ΐκάγεδα ζηβ
ζνΰξυθενζβ αζζβζκΰλαθέαμ"
Messages
Try to avoid the abrupt, elliptical style that is common in English language. Use sentences containing a full verb,
wherever possible.
English
Greek example (+)
Greek example (-)
Not enough disk space
(+) Αεθ νπΪλξεδ επαλεάμ ξυλκμ ζηκ (-) Ώθεπαλεάμ ξυλκμ ζηκ δέζεκ.
δέζεκ.
Unknown error.
(+) ΠαλκνζδΪζηβεε Ϊΰθπζηκ
ζθΪζηα.
(-) Άΰθπζηκ ζθΪζηα.
Do not use sentences that "personify" the computer or the application.
English
Greek example (+)
Greek example (-)
Cannot open file.
(+) Αεθ εέθαδ δνθαησ ηκ Ϊθκδΰηα ηκν
αλξεέκν.
(-) Αεθ ηπκλυ θα αθκέιπ ηκ
αλξεέκ.
Cannot copy folders.
(+) Αεθ εέθαδ δνθαηά β αθηδΰλαθά
θαεΫζπθ.
(-) Αεθ ηπκλυ θα αθηδΰλΪοπ ηκνμ
θαεΫζκνμ.
110
US error messages often leave out articles. Wherever possible and appropriate, use the article/definite form in
Greek to improve readability.
English
Greek example (+)
Greek example (-)
Invalid property value
(+) Δ ηδηά ηβμ δδδσηβηαμ δεθ εέθαδ
Ϋΰενλβ.
(-) Μβ Ϋΰενλβ ηδηά δδδσηβηαμ
Status Messages
What is a Status Bar Message?
A status bar message is an informational message about the active document or a selected command as well as
about any active or selected interface item. Messages are shown in the status bar at the bottom of the window
when the user has chosen a menu, a command or any other item, or has started a function. The status bar
messages refer to actions being performed or already complete (for example in Outlook below).
Greek Style in Status Βar Messages
In English, the status bar messages have different forms dependent on the information they must convey. In
Greek, menu and commands status bar messages should follow the format below.
Name
Greek Name
Category
English Status Bar
message
Greek Status Bar
message
Edit
(+) Βπειελΰαζέα
menu
Contains editing
commands
(+) ΠελδΫξεδ εθηκζΫμ
επειελΰαζέαμ
Copy to
Folder...
(+) Ώθηδΰλαθά ζε
θΪεεζκ…
menu
Copies the selected
items to a new location
(+) ΏθηδΰλΪθεδ ηα
επδζεΰηΫθα ζηκδξεέα ζε θΫα
γΫζβ
111
Name
Greek Name
Category
English Status Bar
message
Greek Status Bar
message
New
(+) Αβηδκνλΰέα
command
Creates a new document
(+) Αβηδκνλΰεέ Ϋθα θΫκ
Ϋΰΰλαθκ
Make object visible?
(+) Να ΰέθεδ κλαησ ηκ
αθηδεεέηεθκ;
Word is converting the
document. Press Esc to
stop.
(+) Σκ Word ηεηαηλΫπεδ ηκ
Ϋΰΰλαθκ. Παηάζηε Esc ΰδα
δδαεκπά.
Datasheet View
(+) Πλκίκζά θτζζκν
δεδκηΫθπθ
Done
(+) Οζκεζβλυγβεε
The importance of standardization
In the US product you can often find messages that are phrased differently even though they have the same
meaning. Try to avoid this in the localized Greek version. Use one standard translation as in the examples below:
English term
Greek example (+)
Press F1 to get Help
(+) Γδα ΐκάγεδα, πδΫζηε ηκ πζάεηλκ F1
If you want Help press F1
To get Help press F1
Not enough memory
(+) Δ ηθάηβ δεθ επαλεεέ
Insufficient memory
There is not enough memory
Save changes to %1?
(+) ΘΫζεηε θα απκγβεενηκτθ κδ αζζαΰΫμ ζηκ %1;
Do you want to save changes to %1?
112
Error Messages
What Is An Error Message?
Here is an example:
Error messages are messages sent by the system or a program, informing the user that there is an error that
must be corrected in order for the program to keep running. For example, the messages can prompt the user to
take an action or inform the user of an error that requires rebooting the computer.
Greek Style in Error Messages
It is important to use consistent terminology and language style in the localized error messages, and not just
translate them as they appear in the US product.
Exclamation marks are not used after error messages in Greek.
English
Greek example (+)
Greek example (-)
An Error Has Occurred!
(+) ΠαλκνζδΪζηβεε ζθΪζηα.
(-) ΠαλκνζδΪζηβεε ζθΪζηα!
Σhe word 'please' is not rendered in Greek.
English
Greek example (+)
Greek example (-)
Please enter a currency.
(+) Πζβεηλκζκΰάζηε ηδα θκηδζηαηδεά (-) Παλαεαζυ πζβεηλκζκΰάζηε ηδα
ηκθΪδα.
θκηδζηαηδεά ηκθΪδα.
113
Standard Phrases in Error Messages
When translating standard phrases, standardize. Note that sometimes the US uses different forms to express the
same thing.
Examples:
English
Translation
Example
Comment
Cannot …
Could not …
Αεθ εέθαδ δνθαησμ/-ά/-ηκ
Αεθ άηαθ δνθαησμ/-ά/-ηκ
Αεθ εέθαδ δνθαηά β
ηεηαΰζυηηδζβ ηκν Ϋλΰκν.
Αεθ άηαθ δνθαησ ηκ
Ϊθκδΰηα ηκν αλξεέκν ηβμ
κηΪδαμ ελΰαζέαμ.
Verb in present tense
Verb in past tense
Failed to …
… απΫηνξε.
Δ ζπζηά ηεηαεέθβζβ ηκν
αλξεέκν [2] απΫηνξε
Failure of …
Ώπκηνξέα …
Ώπκηνξέα εΪληαμ SIM
Cannot find …
Could not find …
Unable to find …
Unable to locate …
Αεθ εέθαδ δνθαηά β
ετλεζβ …
Αεθ άηαθ δνθαηά β
ετλεζβ …
Αεθ εέθαδ δνθαηά β
ετλεζβ…
Αεθ εέθαδ δνθαησμ κ
εθηκπδζησμ …
Not enough memory
Δ ηθάηβ δεθ επαλεεέ
Insufficient memory
Ώθεπαλεάμ ηθάηβ
There is not enough memory
Δ ηθάηβ δεθ επαλεεέ
There is not enough memory
available
Αεθ νπΪλξεδ αλεεηά
δδαγΫζδηβ ηθάηβ
... is not available
… δεθ εέθαδ δδαγΫζδηκ
... is unavailable
… δεθ εέθαδ δδαγΫζδηκμ
Term ―απΫηνξε‖ can be
placed either at the
beginning or at the end
of the sentence.
Αεθ εέθαδ δνθαηά β ετλεζβ
αλξεέκν
Αεθ άηαθ δνθαηά β ετλεζβ
ηβμ αθαθκλΪμ.
Αεθ εέθαδ δνθαηά β ετλεζβ
Ϊζζπθ πδθΪεπθ.
Αεθ εέθαδ δνθαησμ κ
εθηκπδζησμ ηκν επσηεθκν
αλξεέκν ζε ηδα αεκζκνγέα
αλξεέπθ.
Verb in present tense.
Verb in present tense.
Verb in past tense.
Verb in present tense.
Δ ηθάηβ δεθ επαλεεέ
Ώθεπαλεάμ ηθάηβ
Δ ηθάηβ δεθ επαλεεέ
Αεθ νπΪλξεδ αλεεηά
δδαγΫζδηβ ηθάηβ ΰδα ηβ
θσληπζβ ηκν αλξεέκν.
Σκ αλξεέκ δεθ εέθαδ
δδαγΫζδηκ
Ο πλκκλδζησμ ανηάμ ηβμ
ζτθδεζβμ δεθ εέθαδ
δδαγΫζδηκμ
Same translation for
both instances.
114
Error Messages Containing Placeholders
Several problems in Greek error messages are produced when embedding or concatenating strings of different
inflection or gender within the messages. When localizing error messages containing placeholders, try to find out
what will replace the placeholder. This is necessary for the sentence to be grammatically correct when the
placeholder is replaced with a word or phrase. Note that the letters used in placeholders convey a specific
meaning, see examples below:
%d, %ld, %u, and %lu means <number>
%c means <letter>
%s means <string>
Examples of error messages containing placeholders:
"Checking Web %1!d! of %2!d!" means "Checking Web <number> of <number>".
"INI file "%1!-.200s!" section" means "INI file "<string>" section".
Extra care should be taken when translating phrases that contain placeholders. Language syntax must accept
usage of placeholder in nominative form. Word order is usually reversed. Gender-neutral expressions must be
used as much as possible, or the placeholder can be preceded by a descriptive term to avoid gender issues.
English
Greek example (+)
(!idspnOutlook_NV) cannot verify that %1 sent this
message.
(+) Σκ (!idspnOutlook_NV) δεθ εέθαδ δνθαησ θα
επαζβγετζεδ σηδ ηκ %1 απΫζηεδζε ανησ ηκ ηάθνηα.
%1%2 message.
(+) Μάθνηα %1%2.
Change the password for %s
(+) ΏζζΪιηε ηκθ επδδεσ πλσζίαζβμ ΰδα ηκ %s.
Keys
The keyboard is the primary input device used for text input in Microsoft Windows. For accessibility and efficiency,
most actions can be performed using the keyboard as well. While working with Microsoft software, you use keys,
key combinations and key sequences.
Key names are not localized, except for: Space (πζάεηλκ δδαζηάηαηκμ), Up Arrow (επΪθπ ίΫζκμ), Down Arrow
(εΪηπ ίΫζκμ), Left Arrow (αλδζηελσ ίΫζκμ) and Right Arrow (δειδσ ίΫζκμ)
References to key names, like arrow keys, function keys and numeric keys, appear in normal text (not in small
caps). When localizing key names, only the first character is capitalized.
115
English
Greek example (+)
CAPS LOCK
(+) Σκ πζάεηλκ Caps Lock
Access Keys/Hot keys
Sometimes, there are underlined or highlighted letters in menu options, commands or dialog boxes. These letters
refer to access keys (also known as hot keys) that allow you to run commands, perform tasks, etc. more quickly.
Hot Key Special Options
Usage: Is It Allowed?
Notes
"Slim characters", such as I, l, t, r, f
can be used as hot key
Yes
Greek character "δ" can be used as hot
key, but it should only be selected,
when no other full-width characters are
available.
Characters with downstrokes, such
as g, j, y, p and q can be used as
hotkeys
Yes
There are several characters with
downstrokes in Greek alphabet (ί, ΰ, α,
β, η, ι, λ, θ, ξ, ο) and they can be used
as hotkeys.
However, they should only be selected
when no other characters without
downstrokes exist.
Extended characters can be used
as hotkeys
Yes
All Greek characters are extended
characters and therefore they can be
used as hotkeys. However, accented
characters (Ϊ Ϋ ά έ σ τ υ ρ ς Ύ ή) cannot
116
Hot Key Special Options
Usage: Is It Allowed?
Notes
be used as hotkeys, e.g. Πέζπ. In
general, characters that require two key
strokes (in the example ; + δ) should not
be used as hot keys.
An additional letter, appearing
between brackets after item name,
can be used as hotkeys
Yes
Only in exceptional cases.
A number, appearing between
brackets after item name, can be
used as hotkey
Yes
Only in exceptional cases.
A punctuation sign, appearing
between brackets after item name,
can be used as hotkey
Yes
Only in exceptional cases.
Duplicate hotkeys are allowed when
no other character is available
Yes
Only in exceptional cases. Please see
section below.
No hotkey is assigned when no
more characters are available
(minor options only)
No
Additional notes:
Hotkey policy for Greek language
Hotkeys should be selected using the following order of priority.
1. Use the first character in the string (command, menu, label, etc.), e.g. &Ώλξεέκ
2. In a string containing more than one word, use the first character of one of the other words, e.g.
Βπσηεθβ &ζεζέδα
3. Use a ―wide‖, non-hanging character such as ‗π‘ or ‗π‗. e.g. Βδζαΰ&πΰά
4. Use a full-length, non-hanging character such as ‗ε‘ or ‗η‗. e.g. Ώθηδ&εεέηεθκ
5. Use a ―slim‖, non-hanging character such as ‗δ‘. e.g. ΠζΪΰ&δα
6. Last choice is a hanging character such as ‗λ‘ or ‗ξ‘. e.g. Ώλ&ξά
7. Exceptionally, an additional letter, number or special character, appearing between brackets after
item name, can be used. e.g. ‘Next (&>)‘, ‘΋ξδ (&n)‘, ‘Βπδζκΰά (&3)‘
8. If all other solutions fail, there are two options:
• Allow use of a duplicate hotkey when no other character is available
• No hotkey is assigned when no more characters are available (minor options only)
117
However, please note that the last two options (mentioned in point 8) are product team engineering decisions,
which means that you will need to contact your product team representative for further information on how to deal
with this situation.
Arrow Keys
The arrow keys move input focus among the controls within a group. Pressing the right arrow key moves input
focus to the next control in tab order, whereas pressing the left arrow moves input focus to the previous control.
Home, End, Up, and Down also have their expected behavior within a group. Users can't navigate out of a control
group using arrow keys.
Arrow keys are localized as follows in Greek:
English
Greek
Up Arrow
(+) ΒπΪθπ ίΫζκμ
Down Arrow
(+) ΚΪηπ ίΫζκμ
Left Arrow
(+) Ώλδζηελσ ίΫζκμ
Right Arrow
(+) Αειδσ ίΫζκμ
Numeric Keypad
It is recommended that you avoid distinguishing numeric keypad keys from the other keys, unless it is required by
a given application. In case which keys to be pressed is not obvious, provide necessary explanations.
Shortcut Keys
Shortcut keys are keystrokes or combinations of keystrokes used to perform defined functions in a software
application. Shortcut keys replace menu commands and they are sometimes displayed next to the command they
represent. In opposition to the access keys, which can be used only when available on the screen, shortcut keys
can be used even when they are not accessible on the screen.
Standard Shortcut Keys
US
Command
US English
Shortcut Key
Greek
Command
Greek
Shortcut key
General Windows Shortcut keys
Help window
F1
ΠαλΪγνλκ ΐκάγεδαμ
F1
118
US
Command
US English
Shortcut Key
Greek
Command
Greek
Shortcut key
Context-sensitive Help
Shift+F1
΢ξεηδεά ΐκάγεδα
Shift+F1
Display pop-up menu
Shift+F10
ΒηθΪθδζβ αθαδνσηεθκν ηεθκτ
Shift+F10
Cancel
Esc
Άενλκ
Esc
Activate\Deactivate
menu bar mode
F10
Βθελΰκπκέβζβ\Ώπεθελΰκπκέβζβ
ζεδηκνλΰέαμ ΰλαηηάμ ηεθκτ
F10
Switch to the next
primary application
Alt+Tab
Βθαζζαΰά ζηβθ επσηεθβ ετλδα
εθαληκΰά
Alt+Tab
Display next window
Alt+Esc
ΒηθΪθδζβ επσηεθκν παλαγτλκν
Alt+Esc
Display pop-up menu for Alt+Spacebar
the window
ΒηθΪθδζβ αθαδνσηεθκν ηεθκτ
ΰδα ηκ παλΪγνλκ
Alt+Spacebar
Display pop-up menu for Alt+the active child window
ΒηθΪθδζβ αθαδνσηεθκν ηεθκτ
ΰδα ηκ εθελΰσ γνΰαηλδεσ
παλΪγνλκ
Alt+-
Display property sheet
for current selection
Alt+Enter
ΒηθΪθδζβ θτζζκν δδδκηάηπθ ΰδα
ηβθ ηλΫξκνζα επδζκΰά
Alt+Enter
Close active application
window
Alt+F4
Κζεέζδηκ παλαγτλκν εθελΰάμ
εθαληκΰάμ
Alt+F4
Switch to next window
within (modelesscompliant) application
Alt+F6
Βθαζζαΰά ζηκ επσηεθκ
παλΪγνλκ εθησμ ηβμ εθαληκΰάμ
(ζνηίαηά ηε ηβ απκεζεδζηδεΪ
παλΪγνλα δδαζσΰκν)
Alt+F6
Capture active window
image to the Clipboard
Alt+Prnt Scrn
Καηαΰλαθά εδεσθαμ εθελΰκτ
παλαγτλκν ζηκ Πλσξεδλκ
Alt+Prnt Scrn
Capture desktop image
to the Clipboard
Prnt Scrn
Καηαΰλαθά εδεσθαμ επδθΪθεδαμ
ελΰαζέαμ ζηκ Πλσξεδλκ
Prnt Scrn
Access Start button in
taskbar
Ctrl+Esc
Πλσζίαζβ ζηκ εκνηπέ Έθαλιβμ
ζηβ ΰλαηηά ελΰαζδυθ
Ctrl+Esc
Display next child
window
Ctrl+F6
ΒηθΪθδζβ επσηεθκν γνΰαηλδεκτ
παλαγτλκν
Ctrl+F6
Display next tabbed
pane
Ctrl+Tab
ΒηθΪθδζβ επσηεθκν παλαγτλκν
ζε εαληΫζα
Ctrl+Tab
119
US
Command
US English
Shortcut Key
Greek
Command
Greek
Shortcut key
Launch Task Manager
and system initialization
Ctrl+Shift+Esc
Βεεέθβζβ Αδαξεέλδζβμ ελΰαζδυθ
εαδ πλκεηκδηαζέα ζνζηάηαηκμ
Ctrl+Shift+Esc
File Menu
File New
Ctrl+N
Ώλξεέκ Αβηδκνλΰέα
Ctrl+N
File Open
Ctrl+O
Ώλξεέκ Άθκδΰηα
Ctrl+O
File Close
Ctrl+F4
Ώλξεέκ Κζεέζδηκ
Ctrl+W
File Save
Ctrl+S
Ώλξεέκ Ώπκγάεενζβ
Ctrl+S
File Save as
F12
Ώλξεέκ Ώπκγάεενζβ πμ
F12
File Print Preview
Ctrl+F2
Ώλξεέκ Πλκεπδζεσπβζβ
εεητππζβμ
Ctrl+F2
File Print
Ctrl+P
Ώλξεέκ Βεητππζβ
Ctrl+P
File Exit
Alt+F4
Ώλξεέκ Έικδκμ
Alt+F4
Edit Menu
Edit Undo
Ctrl+Z
Βπειελΰαζέα Ώθαέλεζβ
Ctrl+Z
Edit Repeat
Ctrl+Y
Βπειελΰαζέα ΒπαθΪζβοβ
Ctrl+Y
Edit Cut
Ctrl+X
Βπειελΰαζέα Ώπκεκπά
Ctrl+X
Edit Copy
Ctrl+C
Βπειελΰαζέα Ώθηδΰλαθά
Ctrl+C
Edit Paste
Ctrl+V
Βπειελΰαζέα Βπδεσζζβζβ
Ctrl+V
Edit Delete
Ctrl+Backspace
Βπειελΰαζέα Αδαΰλαθά
Ctrl+Backspace
Edit Select All
Ctrl+A
Βπειελΰαζέα Βπδζκΰά σζπθ
Ctrl+A
Edit Find
Ctrl+F
Βπειελΰαζέα Βτλεζβ
Ctrl+F
Edit Replace
Ctrl+H
Βπειελΰαζέα ΏθηδεαηΪζηαζβ
Ctrl+H
Edit Go To
Ctrl+B
Βπειελΰαζέα ΜεηΪίαζβ
Ctrl+B
Help Menu
Help
F1
ΐκάγεδα
F1
Font Format
Italic
Ctrl+I
ΠζΪΰδα ΰλαθά
Ctrl+I
120
US
Command
US English
Shortcut Key
Greek
Command
Greek
Shortcut key
Bold
Ctrl+G
Έθηκθβ ΰλαθά
Ctrl+B
Underlined\Word
underline
Ctrl+U
ΤπκΰλΪηηδζβ\ΤπκΰλΪηηδζβ
ζΫιβμ
Ctrl+U
Large caps
Ctrl+Shift+A
΋ζα εεθαζαέα
Ctrl+Shift+A
Small caps
Ctrl+Shift+K
ΜδελΪ εεθαζαέα
Ctrl+Shift+K
Paragraph Format
Centered
Ctrl+E
΢ηκ εΫθηλκ
Ctrl+E
Left aligned
Ctrl+L
ΏλδζηελΪ
Ctrl+L
Right aligned
Ctrl+R
ΑειδΪ
Ctrl+R
Justified
Ctrl+J
Πζάλβμ
Ctrl+J
Other shortcut keys
Spelling (and grammar)
F7
Ολγκΰλαθδεσμ εαδ ΰλαηηαηδεσμ
Ϋζεΰξκμ
F7
Hyperlink
Ctrl+K
Τπελ-ζτθδεζβ
Ctrl+K
Document Translation Considerations
Document localization may require some specific considerations that are different from software localization. This
section covers a few of these areas.
General
In the absence of special instructions, the same formatting and layout conventions which are used in the English
source should be used also in Greek user assistance and documentation. The English source style should also
be replicated in the translated output.
If the English source does not use a distinguishing formal for references to user interface elements, then these
references should be enclosed between quotation marks in the Greek text to distinguish them from the rest of the
text.
Our experience on application localization has led to adopting some key conventions that apply to all Microsoft
product elements. The most basic of them are the following.
121
References to User Interface Elements
Dialog titles
In manuals, dialog titles are indicated in the same way they appear on screen and with the format of English text.
If they are not highlighted with special formatting in English text, they are written inside quotes.
English
Greek example (+)
Select New under the File menu to create a new
document.
(+) ΒπδζΫιηε Γεκηνπξγία απσ ηκ ηεθκτ Αξρείν ΰδα θα
δβηδκνλΰάζεηε Ϋθα θΫκ Ϋΰΰλαθκ.
Save As File Name
(+) ΋θκηα αλξεέκν ΰδα ηβθ εθηκζά " Ώπκγάεενζβ πμ"
Toolbars
Toolbar names are not used in genitive form but they are indicated as dialog titles. This way, we avoid using too
many genitive forms in text the one after the other.
English
Greek example (+)
To quickly add borders and shading, click the
Tables and Borders button, and then use the
Tables and Borders toolbar.
(+) Γδα θα πλκζγΫζεηε ΰλάΰκλα πελδΰλΪηηαηα εαδ ζεέαζβ,
εΪθηε εζδε ζηκ εκνηπέ "Πέθαεεμ εαδ πελδΰλΪηηαηα" εαδ
ξλβζδηκπκδάζηε ηβ ΰλαηηά ελΰαζεέπθ "Πέθαεεμ εαδ
πελδΰλΪηηαηα".
Show or hide the Formatting toolbar
(+) ΒηθΪθδζβ ά απσελνοβ ηβμ ΰλαηηάμ ελΰαζεέπθ "
Μκλθκπκέβζβ"
An exception is the ―Standard toolbar‖ which is translated as "Βαζηθή ΰλαηηά ελΰαζεέπθ" and can be used
without quotation marks.
Tools
Tools are indicated in documentation in the same way as buttons. The tool name is the one appearing in its
explanation.
English
Greek example (+)
Select the Top Border tool in the Borders and
Shading toolbar.
(+) ΒπδζΫιηε ηκ ελΰαζεέκ "ΒπΪθπ πελέΰλαηηα" ζηβ ΰλαηηά
ελΰαζεέπθ Πεξηγξάκκαηα θαη ζθίαζε
Select the Bold tool in the Formatting toolbar.
(+) ΒπδζΫιηε ηκ ελΰαζεέκ "Έθηκθβ ΰλαθά" ζηβ ΰλαηηά
ελΰαζεέπθ Μνξθνπνίεζε.
122
File names
File names are not localized, unless there are specific instructions.
Status bar messages
Status bar messages are rendered in verbal form, as in English.
English
Greek example (+)
Inserts a newly scanned page before the current
page
(+) ΒδζΪΰεδ ηδα θΫα ζαλπηΫθβ ζεζέδα πλδθ απσ ηβθ
ηλΫξκνζα ζεζέδα.
Appends a newly scanned page to the active
document.
(+) ΠλκζαληΪ ηδα θΫα ζαλπηΫθβ ζεζέδα ζηκ εθελΰσ
Ϋΰΰλαθκ.
Commands and keywords
Commands in programming languages (C, Visual Basic, WordBasic, etc.) maintain the same standardization
rules for upper-case and lower-case characters as in the original text. The same applies to all unlocalized
keywords and special terminology.
In addition, when the user inputs text as command-line commands (e.g. in MS-DOS), this is not localized and is
written exactly as typed.
English
Greek example (+)
In the text box that appears, type a:\setup
(+) ΢ηκ πζαέζδκ εεδηΫθκν πκν εηθαθέαεηαδ,
πζβεηλκζκΰάζηε ηβθ εθηκζά a:\setup
Check your disk status by typing chkdsk /f at the
DOS prompt
(+) ΒζΫΰιηε ηβθ εαηΪζηαζβ ηκν δέζεκν ζαμ,
πζβεηλκζκΰυθηαμ ηβθ εθηκζά chkdsk /f ζηβθ Ϋθδεδιβ ηκν
DOS
The GetWindowsDirectory command
(+) Δ εθηκζά GetWindowsDirectory
Use of the Anova function
(+) Δ ξλάζβ ηβμ ζνθΪληβζβμ Anova
Copyright
Copyright protection is granted to any original work of authorship fixed in any tangible medium of expression from
which it can be perceived, reproduced, or communicated.
All copyright symbols used in the original text should be retained in the Greek translation.
123
English
Greek example (+)
Requires a PC that meets the requirements for and
has installed one of these operating systems:
Windows Vista® or Windows XP.
(+) Ώπαδηεέηαδ νπκζκΰδζηάμ πκν πζβλκέ ηδμ απαδηάζεδμ
ΰδα ηβθ εΰεαηΪζηαζβ εαδ Ϋξεδ εΰεαηεζηβηΫθκ Ϋθα απσ ηα
αεσζκνγα ζεδηκνλΰδεΪ ζνζηάηαηα: Windows Vista® ά
Windows XP.
In copyright text, when referring to trade names, it is preferable to use the word ―εππθνηέα‖.
Example:
English
Greek example (+)
Microsoft, Aero, the High Definition Laser
Technology logo, Windows, the Windows logo,
Windows Vista, and the Windows Vista logo are
trademarks of the Microsoft group of companies.
Mac and the Mac logo are trademarks of Apple
Computer, Inc., registered in the United States and
other countries.
(+) Οδ εππθνηέεμ Microsoft εαδ Aero, ηκ ζκΰσηνπκ High
Definition Laser Technology, β εππθνηέα Windows, ηκ
ζκΰσηνπκ Windows, β εππθνηέα Windows Vista εαδ ηκ
ζκΰσηνπκ Windows Vista εέθαδ ζάηαηα εαηαηεγΫθηα ηκν
κηέζκν εηαδλεδυθ Microsoft. Δ εππθνηέα Mac εαδ ηκ
ζκΰσηνπκ Mac εέθαδ ζάηαηα εαηαηεγΫθηα ηβμ Apple
Computer, Inc. ζηδμ Δ.Π.Ώ. εαδ ζε Ϊζζεμ ξυλεμ.
.
124

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