㟴ᒱ┬❟ኬᏕප㛜ㅦᗑさ᪠㞗ืใ 2004.10 Vol. 18 pp. 49-54 㣏⣂࡛ᶭ⬗ᛮ㣏ဗ⏍⏐ࡡࡒࡴࡡࣁ࢛ࢷࢠࢿࣞࢩ࣭ ᑚ ᯐ ኬᏕ㝌⏍Ὡᗛ⛁Ꮥ◂✪⛁ ᩅ ࡆࡣࡷࡊ ࡥࢀ࠾ࡍ 1954 ᖳ⏍ࡱࡿ㸣 1982 ᖳྞཿᒁኬᏕኬᏕ㝌㎨Ꮥ◂✪⛁༡ኃㄚ⛤ಞ (㎨Ꮥ༡ኃ)㸣 1982 ᖳᮇᏕ⾙ᣲ⮾ఌዜທ◂✪ဤ 1983 ᖳ⡷ᅗࣀ࣭ࣁ࣭ࢺኬᏕ⏍∸Ꮥᩅᐄ◂✪ဤ 1984 ᖳྞཿᒁኬᏕࢮࢹ࣭ࣈ⥪ྙࢬࣤࢰ࣭ຐᡥ 1991 ᖳ㟴ᒱ┬❟ኬᏕኬᏕ㝌⏍Ὡᗛ⛁Ꮥ◂✪⛁ຐᩅ 1993 ᖳᒱᓧᅗ❟භྜྷ◂✪ᶭᵋᇱ♇⏍∸Ꮥ◂✪ᡜᐂဤຐᩅ (ె௴㸡1998 ᖳࡱ࡚)㸣 2003 ᖳࡻࡽ⌟⫃㸣 ᢰᙔ⛁┘ࡢ㸡㣏⣂⣵⬂ᕝᏕ≁ㄵ (ኬᏕ㝌)㸡㣏⣂㐿ఎᏄᕝᏕ㸡㐿ఎᏄ࡛⏍ (ฦᢰ) 㸣 ⴥ᭡࡞㸡ฦᏄ⏍∸Ꮥࡡᒈ㛜㸯㸪ᕬ ᳔∸ฦᏄ⏍∸Ꮥ (ฦᢰᇮ➱㸡᭽ಲ᭡ᗉ㸡1997)㸡 Symbiosis and Eukaryotic Organells (ฦᢰᇮ➱㸡Thuringen University Library㸡2004)㸣 ཋⴥㄵᩝ࡞㸡ⴝ⥫మ㐿ఎᏄࡡ㌹โᚒ (ⱝᩝ) [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 94 ᕬ (1997)]㸣⪇ሲᶭᵋ (ⱝᩝ) [Plant Cell, 11 ᕬ (1999)]㸣ᙁක⪇ᛮᶭᵋ (ⱝᩝ) [J. Biol. Chem., 274 ᕬ (1999)]㸣 ࡢࡋࡴ࡞ 㟴ᒱ┬ࡢ㸡⏠ᛮࡡᖲᆍᑋ 78.15 ṋ (2000 ᖳ⤣ゝ㸡ධᅗ➠㸭న)㸡ዥᛮࡢ 84.95 ṋ (ධ ᅗ➠ 14 న) ࡚࠵ࡽ㸡Ẓ㍉Ⓩ㛏ᑋ┬࡛࠷࠻ࡾ㸣ධᅗ⩹ᖳெཾ (65 ṋ௧୕) ࡢ 2,300 ெ࡚ ࠵ࡽ㸡⩹ெ༈⒢㈕ࡢ 12 ළ㸤ᖳ࡞ࡾ㸣㎾ᖳ㸡ᅗẰᖳ㔘ࡡ㆗ㄵἓ㦈ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ㸡ᑛ Ꮔ࡞ఔ࠷⩹ெ༈⒢㈕ቌኬࡡ♣ఌⓏㇿᢰࡡၡ㢗ࡢよỬᅏ㞬࡚࠵ࡾ㸣ெࡢⓑ㸡ᗛ࡚㛏 ⏍ࡀࢅࡊࡒ࠷࡛⩻࠻ࡾ㸡ࡆࡡᮇ⬗ࢅࡌࡒ᪁➿ぜ࠷ࡓࡈࡿࡣ㸡ࡆࡿࡢ༈⒢㈕ቌኬࡡ ♣ఌⓏၡ㢗ࡡよỬ࡞ࡵ㏳ࡋࡾ㸣ୠ⏲࡞┘ࢅ㌹ࡋࡿࡣ㸡㣱Ṓ⩽ࡢ㸡28 ெ (࠹ࡔᏄ౩ 21 ெ) 㸤ฦ࡚࠵ࡽ㸡㣱Ṓெཾࡢࢆ࡛ 1,500 ெ㸤ᖳ࡞ࡾ㸣ୠ⏲ࡡ 2/3 ௧୕ࡡெࡢ㸡✭⭙ࢅ ࠷࠷࡙ࡿࡈࡒ㸣ࡈࡼ࡞ୠ⏲ெཾࡢቌຊലྡྷ࡞࠵ࡾࡒࡴ㸡2030 ᖳࡇࢀ࡞ 㹷ୠ⏲㣏⣂ᜅ ុ㹸 ῼࡈࡿࡾ㸣ୌ᪁㸡ᆀ⌣⎌ሾࡡ◒ቪࡢ⌟ᅹࡵ㐅⾔ࡊࡗࡗ࠵ࡽ㸡⇍ᖈ㞭ᯐࡢ 13 km2㸤ᖳ (ᾇ㐠࡛ஐᕗࢅྙࢂࡎࡒ㟻✒) ࡍࡗ΅ᑛࡊ㸡ẗஜ⇩ᆀᖈࡢ 6 km2㸤ᖳ (ஐ 49 ᕗ࡛ᄿᅗࢅྙࢂࡎ࡙㟻✒) ࡍࡗቌኬࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ㸣ெ㢦ࡡᑑᮮࡢᴞふⓏ࡛ࡢ࠷࠻࠷㸣 ெ⏍ࡀ࡙࠷ࡂ୕࡚ᚪさ 㹷⾨㣏ప㹸 ࡞࠽࠷࡙㸡࡛ࡽࢂࡄ 㹷㣏㹸 ࡡ㔔さᛮࡢ㧏࠷㸣ࡆ ࡿࡢ㸡㹷༈㣏ྜྷ″㹸 ࡛࠷ࢂࡿࡾࡻ࠹࡞㸡ᗛࡡ″࡚ࡵ࠵ࡾ㸣㹷ప㹸 ࡛ࡊ࡙ࡢ㸡ᆀ⌣⎌ሾ ༱ᶭ࡚࠵ࡾ㸣ࣁ࢛ࢷࢠࢿࣞࢩ࣭ࢅ㥉ࡊ࡙ 㹷㣏㹸 ࢅᨭⰃ㹺ቌ⏐ࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࡢྊ⬗࡚࠵ࢀ ࠹࠾㸴 ࡆࡿ࡞ࡻࡽ㸡᭩㎾Ἰ┘ࡈࡿࡾ≁ᏽಕ⏕㣏ဗࡡ㛜Ⓠ࡞㈁⊡ࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࡵྊ⬗࡞ ࡾࡡ࡚ࡢ࠷࠾㸴 ࡱࡒ㸡ᆀ⌣࡞⥫ࢅཱིࡽᡘࡌ୕࡚ࣁ࢛ࢷࢠࢿࣞࢩ࣭ࡢᐞ࡚ࡀ࠷ ࠾㸴 ᳔∸⏜ᮮࡡ㐿ఎᏄࢅ⏕࠷አᮮ㐿ఎᏄ㣍ᩋࡊ࠷Ꮽධ㐿ఎᏄ᧧ష ᳔∸ࡵິ∸ࡵ (᚜⏍∸ࡵ)㸡⏍ࡡスゝᅒࡢ㐿ఎሒ࡛ࡊ࡙ DNA ࡛ࡣࡿࡾ∸㈻࡞ಕ Ꮛࡈࡿ㸡ࡐࡿࡢᏄᏘ࡞ུࡄ⤽ࡿࡾ㸣ࡆࡡ DNA ࢅ᧧షࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡞ࡻࡽ㸡᳔∸ࡷິ∸ࡡ ᛮ㈻ࢅን࠻ࡾࡆ࡛ྊ⬗࡞ࡾ㸣ࡆࡿࢅ 㹷㐿ఎᏄ᧧ష㹸㸡ࡐࡊ࡙࡚ࡀ୕ࡖࡒࡵࡡࢅ 㹷㐿 ఎᏄ⤄ᥦ࠻㹸 ⏍∸ (᳔∸㸡㎨ష∸㸡ິ∸: genetically modified organism, GMO) ࠵ࡾ࠷ࡢ㣏 ဗ (genetically modified food, GM food) ➴࡛࠷࠹㸣ࡆࡿࡢ㸡㹷ࣁ࢛ࢷࢠࢿࣞࢩ࣭㹸 ࡞࠽ ࡄࡾᙁງ᪁Ἢㄵ࡚࠵ࡾ㸣㐿ఎᏄ᧧షࢅࡊࡒ㎨ష∸ࢅ㣏࡙ࡵኬኰࡓࢀ࠹࠾㸴 1999 ᖳ 5 ᭮࡞ⴥྞ⛁Ꮥヽ 㹷ࢾࢲ࣭ࣔ㹸 ࡞᥎㍍ࡈࡿࡒୌ⥽ࡡオୌ㌅Ἰ┘ࢅ㞗ࡴࡒ㸣ࡐ ࡿࡢ㸡࣒ࣛ࢜ኬ㝛ࢅ⛛ິࡊ㸡㹷ⓒᖀ⼎ (monarch butterfly)㹸 ࡡⱝྞࢅᣚࡗ࢛࢛࢜ࣁ࣏ࢱ ࣚࢅࡴࡃࡾࡵࡡ࡚࠵ࡖࡒ㸣ࡆࡡᖺࡢ㸡ࢹ࣠ࢰࡡⴝࢅ㣏࡙ኬࡀࡂࡾ㸣ࢹ࣠ࢰⴝ ࡞㐿ఎᏄ⤄ᥦ࠻ᐐᢤᢘᛮࢹ࣓ࣞࢤࢨࡡⰴ⢂ࢅࡱࡩࡊ࡙㸡࢛࢛࢜ࣁ࣏ࢱࣚࡡᖺ࡞㣏 ࡈࡒ࡛ࡆࢀ㸡㸩㛣࡚ᖺࡡ 44%Ṓஷࡊࡒ㸣ࡆࡿዉᶭ࡛ࡽ㸡࣭ࣙࣞࢴࣂ࡚㐿ఎ Ꮔ⤄ᥦ࠻㎨ష∸ࡡ㈑㐘ິ㉫ࡆࡽ㸡ࡆࡿࡢᮇ࡞㣍ࡦℾࡊࡒ㸣ࡆࡿࢅུࡄ࡙㸡ᮇ࡚ ࡢ㸡2001 ᖳ 4 ᭮ࡻࡽ㐿ఎᏄ⤄ᥦ࠻㣏ဗࡡ⾪♟Ἢ௦ࡈࡿࡒ㸣ࡆࡿࡢᕰẰ㐘ິࡡᠺᯕ࡚ ࠵ࡾ㸣࠽㸡࢛࢛࢜ࣁ࣏ࢱࣚᖺࡡṒࡢ㸡⮤↓⏲࡚ࡢ㉫ࡆࡽᚋ࠷ᐁ㥺᮪௲ୖ࡚ࡡฝᮮ ࡚࠵ࡽ㸡ࡐࡡࡱࡱ㐿ఎᏄ⤄ᥦ࠻ᐐᢤᢘᛮࢹ࣓ࣞࢤࢨࡡ༱㝜ᛮࢅ♟ࡌࡵࡡ࡚ࡢ࠷ ࡆ࡛ࢅ㸡୕オオࢅᇮ➱ࡊࡒ◂✪⩽⮤㌗ࡵࡐࡡᚃヾࡴ࡙࠷ࡾ㸣㐿ఎᏄ⤄ᥦ࠻㎨ష∸ࡢ㸡 ᮇ࡞ࡢ㸡1996 ᖳ࡞㸬ဗ┘࡞ࡗ࠷࡙㍲ථヾྊࡈࡿࡒ㸣ࡐࡿࡼࡡ࠹ࡔ㸡㸨ဗ┘ࡢ୕オࡡ ࢹ࣓ࣞࢤࢨ࡞⾪ࡈࡿࡾᐐᢤᢘᛮ㐿ఎᏄ⤄ᥦ࠻㎨ష∸࡚࠵ࡽ㸡㸩ဗ┘ࡢ㝎ⲙ⪇ᛮ 㐿ఎᏄࢅ⤄㎲ࢆࡓࢱࢫ࠵ࡾ࠷ࡢࢻࢰࢾ࡚࠵ࡖࡒ㸣ࡆࡿࡼࡡຉ⨝࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡢ㸡⛸㆗ㄵ ࠵ࡾ㸡⡷ᅗ࡚ࡢࡆࡿࡼ㐿ఎᏄ⤄ᥦ࠻㎨ష∸ࡢ㸡5ࠤ10%ࡡ㔖ቌຊࢅࡵࡒࡼࡊ࡙࠽ࡽ㸡 ࡆࡡⅤ࠾ࡼࡢୠ⏲Ⓩ࡞ぜࡒ㣏⣂㹺㣣ᩩࡡቌ⏐࡞㈁⊡ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ㸣 ཉ⏍ຘ഼┤࡞ࡻࡖ࡙㍲ථヾྊࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ㐿ఎᏄ⤄ᥦ࠻㎨ష∸ࡢ㸡⌟Ⅴ࡚ 57 ဗ┘ ࡞ཀྵࡦ㸡⌟ᅹ࡚ࡵᐐᢤᢘᛮ࡛㝎ⲙ⪇ᛮ㎨ష∸ࡢ⾪Ⓩࡵࡡ࡚࠵ࡾ㸣ᐐᢤᢘᛮࡷ 㝎ⲙ⪇ᛮࡡ㐿ఎᏄࡢ㸡࡛ࡵ࡞⣵Ⳟ࡞⏜ᮮࡌࡾ㸣ࡆࡿࡼࡡ㐿ఎᏄ࡞ຊ࠻࡙㸡㐿ఎᏄ⤄ᥦ ࠻᧧ష࡞ࡢ㸡㐿ఎᏄ⤄ᥦ࠻మࢅ㐽ᢜࡌࡾࡒࡴ࡞㸡㹷㐽ᢝ࣏࣭࣭࢜㹸 ࡛ࡣࡿࡾ㐿ఎᏄ ྊḖ࡚࠵ࡾ㸣㐽ᢝ࣏࣭࣭࡛࢜ࡊ࡙ࡢ㸡ᢘ⏍∸㈻⪇ᛮ㐿ఎᏄࡷ㝎ⲙ⪇ᛮ㐿ఎᏄࢂ ࡿࡾ㸡ࡆࡿࡼࡵࡱࡒࡒࡾࡵࡡࡢ⣵Ⳟ⏜ᮮ࡚࠵ࡾ㸣ᢘ⏍∸㈻⪇ᛮ㐿ఎᏄࡢ㸡ⷾ⪇ᛮ Ⳟࡡฝ⌟࡞ࡗࡾ༱㝜ᛮࡵ࠵ࡽ㸡Ḵ㎼ࡈࡿ࠷㸣㐿ఎᏄ⤄ᥦ࠻㎨ష∸ࡡషฝ࡞ᚪさ 㹷㐽ᢝ࣏࣭࣭࢜㹸 ࢅᮇᮮ㣏࡞౩ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ⏍∸࠾ࡼᥞ౩࡚ࡀ࠷࠾࡛⩻࠻ࡾ㸣ୌ᪁㸡㐿ఎ Ꮔ⤄ᥦ࠻㎨ష∸ࡢ㸡◂✪┘Ⓩ௧አࡡᅗහ࡚ࡡᇰࡢᮅࡓヾࡴࡼࡿ࡙࠷࠷㸡ࡆࡡ◂✪ ᅜሔᇰࡢ㸡ᮇᖳ 2 ᭮ࡻࡽἪ௦ࡈࡿࡒ㸣ࡆࡡ㝷㸡㐿ఎᏄ⤄ᥦ࠻㎨ష∸࠾ࡼࡡⰴ⢂ࢅ ࡊࡒአᮮ㐿ఎᏄࡡ㣍ᩋᠩᛍࡈࡿ㸡ᾇ㐠㸡Ⲁᇖ┬㸡⁘㈙┬࡚ཬᑊ㐘ິ⃥ࡊࡒ㸣 ᳔∸ࡡ⣵⬂࡞ࡢ㸡ኯ㝟කࢅུࡄ࡙㓗⣪ࢅⓆ⏍ࡊ✭Ẵ୯ࡡ⅛㓗࢝ࢪ࠾ࡼ⢶ࢅ⏍⏐ࡌࡾᕝሔ Ꮛᅹࡊ㸡ࡆࡿࢅ 㹷ⴝ⥫మ㹸 ࡛ࡩ㸣ࡆࡡⴝ⥫మ࡞࠵ࡾ㐿ఎሒࡢ㸡㏳ᖏࡡ᳔∸࡚ࡢⰴ ⢂࡞ථࡼ࠷ࡒࡴ㸡ⰴ⢂ࢅࡊࡒ 㹷㐿ఎᏄỗ㹸 ࡡྊ⬗ᛮᅂ㑂࡚ࡀࡾ㸣ᮇㅦᖅࡡ◂✪ ᐄ࡚ࡢ㸡᳔∸⏜ᮮ (ࡊࡒࡖ࡙Ꮽධ) ࡚㐿ఎᏄỗࢅఔࢂ࠷ (ⰴ⢂ࢅࡊ࡙አᮮ㐿ఎ 50 Ꮔ㣍ᩋࡊ࠷) ከࡡ 㹷㐽ᢝ࣏࣭࣭࢜㹸 ࢅ㛜Ⓠࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ㸣 㣏⣂⏍⏐࠽ࡻࡦᆀ⌣Ὼᬦࡡඔน࡛ࡾ⅛㓗࢝ࢪࡡ㝎ཡ࡞ᙲ❟ࡗ᳔∸ ᳔∸⣵⬂හࡡⴝ⥫మ (୕㏑) ࡢ㸡ኯ㝟࢙ࢾ࣭ࣜ࢟ࢅฺ⏕ࡊ࡙✭Ẵ୯⅛㓗࢝ࢪࢅᅖᏽࡊ ⢶ (㣏⣂″) ࢅྙᠺࡌࡾ⬗ງ (කྙᠺ⬗) ࢅ᭯ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ㸣ࡆࡡ⬗ງࡢ㸡ࡗࡁࡡ㸧Ⅴ࡞࠽࠷ ࡙ெ㢦ࡡ⏍Ꮛ࡛ᐠ㛭౿ࢅ᭯ࡊ㸡᳔∸ࡊ࡞ெࡢ⏍Ꮛ࡚ࡀ࠷㸣➠㸦ࡢ㸡㣏⣂ࡡ౩⤝ ࡚࠵ࡽ㸡➠㸧ࡢ㸡ᆀ⌣࡞Ὼᬦࢅࡵࡒࡼࡌ⅛㓗࢝ࢪࡡ㝎ཡ࡚࠵ࡾ㸣ࡆࡡ㔔さකྙᠺࡡ ཬᚺᶭᵋࡡධㇲࡢࡌ࡚࡞᪺ࡼ࠾࡞ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ㸡කྙᠺཬᚺࡡᚂ㏷ṹ㝭ࡢ㸡ක᮪௲࡞ࡻ ࡖ࡙ࡵ␏ࡽ⏤ୌⓏ㆗ㄵࡢᅏ㞬࡚࠵ࡾ㸣ࡊ࠾ࡊࡼ㸡㝀ᏽࡈࡿࡒ✭㛣࡞࠽ࡄࡾ⅛㓗 ࢝ࢪ⃨ᗐࢅᐁ㥺Ⓩ࡞୕᪴ࡈࡎࡾ࡛㸡᳔∸ࡢぜ㐢࠻ࡾࡣ࠾ࡽ࡞⏍㛏ࡌࡾ㸣ࡌࢂࡔ㸡කྙ ᠺཬᚺ࡞࠽࠷࡙⅛㓗࢝ࢪࢅᅖᏽࡌࡾ㓕⣪࡚࠵ࡾࣜࣄࢪࢤ (Rubisco) ࡡὩᛮ㸡᳔∸⏍⫩ ࡡᚂ㏷࡞ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾ࡛⩻࠻ࡼࡿࡾ㸣 ᮇㅦᖅࡼࡢ㸡㣏⣂⏍⏐ᛮ㧏ࡂ࠾ࡗ⅛㓗࢝ࢪᅖᏽ⬗ࡡ㧏࠷᳔∸ࢅ㐿ఎᏄ᧧ష࡞ࡻࡽష ฝࡌࡾࡒࡴ࡞㸡ࡐࡡᵾⓏࢅࣜࣄࢪࢤ࡞⨠ࡀ㸡ࡐࡡ㐿ఎᏄᨭንࢅモࡲࡒ㸣⣑ 25 ᖳ๑㸡⌟ Ꮛࡌࡾࣜࣄࢪࢤࡡ୯࡚᭩ࡵ㧏࠷Ὡᛮࢅකྙᠺ⣒Ⰵ◪㯜⣵Ⳟ (ࢠ࣏ࣞࢲ࣑) ⏜ᮮࡡࡵࡡ ࡞ぜ࠷ࡓࡊࡒࡆ࡛㸡◂✪ࡡⓆ❻࡞ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾ㸣ࡆࡡࣜࣄࢪࢤࡢ㸡᳔∸ࡡ 2.5 ಶࡡ⅛㓗 ࢝ࢪᅖᏽ⬗ງࢅ᭯ࡊ࡙࠷ࡒ㸣ᮇㅦᖅࡼࡢ㸡ୠ⏲࡞㥉ࡄࡆࡡࣜࣄࢪࢤࡡ㐿ఎᏄࢅཱིࡽฝ ࡊ㸡ኬ⭘Ⳟ࡞࠽࠷࡙ኬ㔖࡞Ⓠ⌟ࡈࡎよᯊࡌࡾᐁ㥺⣌ࢅ 1985 ᖳ࡞Ⓠ⾪ࡊࡒ㸣ࡐࡡᚃ㸡Ḛ ⡷ࢅ୯ᚨ࡞㸡ࣜࣄࢪࢤࡡ㐿ఎᏄࢅᨭንࡊ⅛㓗࢝ࢪᅖᏽ⬗ࢅቌᙁࡌࡾᐁ㥺⢥ງⓏ࡞モࡲ ࡼࡿࡒ㸡ᠺຉ࡞ࡢ⮫ࡼ࠾ࡖࡒ㸣ᮇㅦᖅࡼࡢ㸡㐿ఎᏄࡡࡆࢅᨭንࡌࡿࡣࣜࣄࢪࢤࡡ 㓕⣪Ὡᛮቌኬࡌࡾ࠾ࢅ᥆ᏽࡊ㸡㐿ఎᏄࢅᨭንᚃ㸡ᨭን㐿ఎᏄࢅኬ⭘Ⳟ࡚Ⓠ⌟ࡈࡎࡒ㸣 ࡐࡡ⤎ᯕ㸡⮤↓⏲࡞Ꮛᅹࡌࡾ᭩ࡵὩᛮࡡ㧏࠷කྙᠺ⣒Ⰵ◪㯜⣵ⳞࡡࣜࣄࢪࢤࡡὩᛮࢅࡈ ࡼ࡞ಶቌࡈࡎࡾࡆ࡛࡞ᠺຉࡊࡒ㸣᳔∸࡚ࡢ㸡ࣜࣄࢪࢤࡡ഼ࡀ࡞㛭ࡌࡾ㐿ఎሒࡢ㸡ⴝ⥫ మ DNA ࡞ಕᏋࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ㸣ᚃ㸡๑㡧࡚⣺ࡊࡒⴝ⥫మࡡ㐿ఎᏄᑙථᢇ⾙࡞ࡻࡽ㸡 ࡆࡡࣜࣄࢪࢤ (ࢪ࣭ࣂ࣭ࣜࣄࢪࢤ) ࢅ᳔∸࡞ᑙථࡊ㸡᳔∸ࡡ⏍⏐ᛮ࠽ࡻࡦ⅛㓗࢝ࢪᅖᏽ ⬗ࡡቌኬࢅ᳠ゞࡊ࡙࠷ࡂ㸣 ሲࡷஜ⇩࡞ᙁ࠷᳔∸ ெࡡྺࡷ⇖ᩩࡡ⇖↕࡞ᚪさ㓗⣪ࡢ㸡᳔∸ࡡකྙᠺ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙Ề࠾ࡼ⏍⏐ࡈࡿࡾ㸣᳔ ∸ࡢකྙᠺ࡞ఔ࠹Ⓠ⇍ࢅỀࡡⵠᩋ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙㝎ཡࡊ࡙࠽ࡽ㸡᳔∸࡞࡛ࡖ࡙㸡Ềࡡ᭯ຝฺ⏕ ࡢ㸡ࡐࡡ⏍Ꮛ࡞㛭ࢂࡾ᭩㔔さㄚ㢗࡚࠵ࡾ㸣᳔∸ฺ⏕࡚ࡀࡾỀฦࡡᯜῤ࡛࠷࠹Ⅴ࡞࠽࠷ ࡙㸡ሲࢪࢹࣝࢪࡢஜ⇩ࢪࢹࣝࢪ࡛㢦జࡌࡾ㸣ẗ▹₅ஜ⇩ᆀᖈࡢ㸡ᆀ⾪㝛ᆀࡡ 1/3 ࡱ࡚ ࡵ༥ࡴ㸡ࡆࡿࡢࡈࡼ࡞Ẏᖳᣉኬࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ㸣▹₅ஜ⇩ᆀᖈ࡞࠽ࡄࡾ᳔∸ᇰ࠽ࡻࡦ⥫ࢅ ᅒࡾࡒࡴ࡞ࡢₜ⁽ᚪさ࡚࠵ࡾ㸡Ềࡡ☔ಕྊ⬗ሔྙࡵ㸡ỀฦⵠⓆ࡞ࡻࡾᅰቫ୯ሲ ฦ (࡛ࡊ࡙ NaCl) ࡡᆀ⾪ᒒ㞗✒ၡ㢗࡞ࡾ㸣࠽㸡ᆀ⌣୕࡞ฦᕱࡌࡾሲ㞗✒ᅰቫࡡ ⥪ゝࡢ 955 km2 ࡛ሒ࿈ࡈࡿ࡙࠽ࡽ㸡ࡆࡿࡢ࣒ࣛ࢜ྙ⾏ᅗᅗᅰ㟻✒࡞༆ᩓࡌࡾ㸣ୌ ᪁㸡ᾇᓃஜ⇩ᆀᇡ࡞࠽࠷࡙ࡢ㸡ᕵ㔐ᾇỀₜ⁽ࡵ⩻࠻ࡼࡿࡾ㸣࠷ࡍࡿࡡሔྙࡵ㸡᳔∸࡞ሲ ⪇ᛮさịࡈࡿࡾ㸣ሲ࠽ࡻࡦஜ⇩࡞ᑊࡌࡾ⪇ᛮࢅ᳔∸࡞ࡌࡾࡒࡴ࡞㸡ࡐࡡᶭᵋࡡよ ᪺ࡢ᛬ຸ࡚࠵ࡾ㸣 ₜ⁽᪁Ἢ࠽ࡻࡦᅰቫࡡᨭⰃ㸡ࡱࡒ⌟Ꮛࡌࡾ᳔∸ࡡ୯࡚ஜ⇩࠽ࡻࡦሲ࡞ᙁ࠷ᇰ⛸ࡷᶖ ᮄࢅ⏕࠷㸡ஜ⇩ᆀᇡࡡ᳔∸ᇰ࠽ࡻࡦ⥫モࡲࡼࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ㸣ࡆࡿࡼࡡຑງ࡞ຊ࠻㸡ࣁ ࢛ࢷࢠࢿࣞࢩ࣭ࡡ᪁Ἢㄵ࡞ࡻࡽ㸡᩺ࡒ࡞⪇ஜ⪇ሲᛮࢅ᳔∸࡞࡚ࡀ࠷ࡵࡡ࠾࡛⩻ ࠻ࡾ㸣⪇ሲ᳔∸࡛ࡊ࡙ࡢ㸡⇍ᖈ㹺ல⇍ᖈࡡỮỀᆀᇡ࡞⏍⫩ࡌࡾ࣏ࣤࢡ࣭ࣞࣇࡻࡂ▩ࡼ ࡿ࡙࠽ࡽ㸡ᾇỀ (⣑ 3 % ࡡ NaCl ࢅྱࡳ) ࡡ 1/4 ࠾ࡼ 1/2 ࡡሲ⃨ᗐ࡞࠽࠷࡙⏍⫩Ⰳ ይ࡚࠵ࡽ㸡ᾇỀࡡ⃨ᗐ࡚ࡵ⏍Ꮛ࡚ࡀࡾ㸣ୌ᪁㸡ሲ࡞Ẓ㍉Ⓩᙁ࠷ᇰ᳔∸࡛ࡊ࡙ࡢ㸡࢛࢛ 51 ࣑࢟㸡ࢷࣤࢦ㸡࠽ࡻࡦ࣠ࢰᣪࡅࡼࡿ㸡ࡆࡿࡼࡢ 0.5 % NaCl ࡚ࡵ΅ࢅఔࢂ࠷ࡆ ࡛▩ࡼࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ㸣 ⌟ᅹࡱ࡚ࡡ◂✪࡞࠽࠷࡙ࡢ㸡Ꮛࡡ⪇ஜ⪇ሲ᳔∸ࡡよᯊ୯ᚨ࡚࠵ࡾ㸡᩺ࡒ࡞⪇ஜ ⪇ሲᛮࢅࡡ᳔∸࡞ࡌࡾࡒࡴ࡞ࡢ㸡ࡱࡍࡐࡿࢅᨥ㒼ࡌࡾ㐿ఎᏄཱིࡽฝࡈࡿࡄࡿ ࡣࡼ࠷㸣᭩⤂Ⓩ࡞ࡢ㸡ࡐࡡ㐿ఎᏄࢅᚪさ࡞ᚺࡋ࡙ᨭንࡊ㸡┘Ⓩ࡛ࡌࡾ᳔∸ࡡᑙථ ᣞྡྷࡈࡿࡾࡀ࡚࠵ࡾ㸣᳔∸ࡡ⪇ሲᶭᵋ࡛ࡊ࡙ࡢ㸡ᾈ㏩ᅸㄢ⟿∸㈻ࡡ✒ (ౚ࠻ࡣ㸡 ࢻ࣒ࢠࢩ࡞ሲࢅᣲࡽ࠾ࡄࡾ࡛ࢻ࣒ࢠࢩࡢమහ࠾ࡼỀฦࢅዞࢂࡿṒ࡞⮫ࡾ㸣ྜྷᵕ࡞᳔∸ࡵ ሲ࡞ࡈࡼࡈࡿࡾ࡛Ềฦࢅྺ࡚ࡀࡍᯜṒࡌࡾ㸣ࡆࡿࢅᅂ㑂ࡌࡾ࡞ࡢ⣵⬂ࡡ୯࡞አ㒂ࡡሲ ࡞┞ᙔࡌࡾ⃨ᗐࡡ∸㈻ࢅ✒ࡊ࡙࠽ࡂᚪさ࠵ࡾ)㸡㧏ሲᅰቫ࠾ࡼࡡ⬗ິⓏỀฦྺ㸡మ හ୯ NaCl ࡡ✒ᴗⓏ㝎ཡ㸡࠽ࡻࡦሲ⪇ᛮකྙᠺ⬗ງࡡ⋋ᚋ⩻࠻ࡼࡿࡾ㸣ࡱࡒ㸡᳔ ∸ࡡࢪࢹࣝࢪᚺ➽㐿ఎᏄⓆ⌟࡞⮾ᣚࡒࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ㸣ࡆࡿࡼࡡ࠹ࡔ㸡ᾈ㏩ᅸㄢ⟿∸㈻ࡡ ✒࠵ࡾ࠷ࡢஜ⇩ㄇᑙᛮ㐿ఎᏄࡡⓆ⌟ࢅெⅥⓏ࡞โᚒࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡞ࡻࡽ㸡᳔∸ࡡ⎌ሾࢪ ࢹࣝࢪ⪇ᛮࡡࡡᠺຉౚ࠵ࡾ㸣ࡊ࠾ࡊࡼ㸡⎌ሾࢪࢹࣝࢪ࡞ᑊࡌࡾ⪇ᛮ࠽ࡻࡦᚺ ➽ᶭᵋࡡධㇲࡢ᪺ࡼ࠾࡞ࡈࡿ࡙࠷࠷㸣ㅦᖅࡼࡢ㸡㐿ఎᏕⓏよᯊ࡞㐲ࡊࡒࢨࣞࢽࢻࢫ ࢻࢅ⏕࠷㸡කྙᠺ≺❟ᰜ㣬⏍㛏⪇ሲᛮ࡞ࡖࡒ✲↓ን␏మࢅ㐽ᢜࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࢅ㏳ࡊ࡙㸡 ࡐࡡᮅ▩ࡡ⪇ሲᶭᵋࢅよ᪺ࡊࡒ࠷࡛⩻࠻ࡒ㸣 㔕⏍మࡢᏰධ࡞ᯜṒࡌࡾ᮪௲ୖ [1.2ࠤ1.5% (200ࠤ250 mM) NaCl㸡ᾇỀࡡ⣑༖ฦ࠵ࡾ࠷ ࡢ⏍⌦Ⓩ㣏ሲỀࡡ㸧ಶᘽࡡሲ⃨ᗐ] ࡚⏍Ꮛ࡚ࡀࡾࡆ࡛ࢅᣞᵾ࡞㸡ን␏ཋฌ⌦ࡊࡒ࣓ࢸࣜ ᐁ㥺᳔∸ࢨࣞࢽࢻࢫࢻࡡᐁ⏍࠾ࡼ㸡⪇ሲᛮ✲↓ን␏మࢅ㐽ᢜࡊࡒ㸣ྙゝ 148,300 మ ࠾ࡼ㸧⣌⤣ࡡකྙᠺ⏍⫩⪇ሲᛮ✲↓ን␏మ pst1 (photoautotrophic salt tolerance 1) ࠽ࡻ ࡦ pst2 ࢅᚋࡒ㸣pst ᳔∸మࡡ⪇ሲᛮࡢ㸡ᐁ⏍ࡡ࠾ࡼ᳔∸మᠺ⇅ࡌࡾࡱ࡚⥌ᣚࡈࡿ ࡾࡆ࡛ࢅ☔ヾࡊࡒ㸣ሲࢪࢹࣝࢪ࠷᮪௲࡚⏍⫩ࡈࡎࡒ pst1 మࡡᙟឺ࡞࠽࠷࡙㸡㔕⏍ మ࡛᭯ណᕣ␏ࡢぜ࠷ฝࡈࡿ࠾ࡖࡒ㸣◂✪ࡡ㐛⛤࡞࠽࠷࡙㸡ක↯ᗐ㔕⏍మࡡሲࢪࢹ ࣝࢪ࡞ᙫ㡢ࢅ࠻ࡾࡆ࡛ࢅぜ࠷ฝࡊࡒ㸣⏍⫩࡞㐲ࡊࡒ↯ᗐ (3,000ࠤ5,000 ࣜࢠࢪ) ࡢ㸡ሲ ࢪࢹࣝࢪୖ࡚ࡢ㸡㔕⏍మࡡ⏍⫩ࢅኬࡀࡂ㜴ᐐࡊ㸡↯ᗐࡡ୕᪴ࡢ㸡ࡈࡼ࡞ሲࢪࢹࣝࢪࢅᙁ ࡴࡒ㸣ࡆࡡ⤎ᯕࡢ㸡ሲࢪࢹࣝࢪ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙㸡කྙᠺࡡ㝷࡞Ὡᛮ㓗⣪ (⣵⬂࡞᭯ᐐ) ⏍ࡋ ࡙࠷ࡾྊ⬗ᛮࢅ♟ြࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ㸣ሲࢪࢹࣝࢪ࡞ࡈࡼࡊࡒ pst1 ᳔∸మ࡞࠽࠷࡙ࡢ㸡ⴝ⥫మ ࡞࠽ࡄࡾὩᛮ㓗⣪ᾐཡ⣌࡛ࡊ࡙▩ࡼࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࢪ࣭ࣂ࣭࢛࢞ࢨࢺࢩࢪ࣑ࢰ࣭ࢭ (SOD) ࠽ ࡻࡦࣜࢤࣜࣄࣤ㓗࢛࣋ࣜ࢞ࢨࢱ࣭ࢭ࡛࠷࠹㓕⣪ࡡὩᛮ㢟ⴥ࡞ቌኬࡊ࡙࠷ࡒ㸣ࡆࡡࡆ ࡛࠾ࡼ㸡pst1 ࡢὩᛮ㓗⣪࡞⪇ᛮ࡞ࡖࡒ⤎ᯕ㸡ሲࢪࢹࣝࢪ࡞ᑊࡊ࡙ࡵ⪇ᛮ࡞ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾ ࡛⩻࠻ࡼࡿࡒ㸣ࡆࡆ࡚⣺ࡊࡒ pst ⪇ሲᛮ✲↓ን␏⣌⤣࡞࠽࠷࡙ࡢ㸡⪇ሲᛮㄇᑙᶭᵋࢅ ᢒโࡌࡾ㐿ఎᏄ࡞ን␏㉫ࡆࡖࡒࡵࡡ࡛⩻࠻ࡼࡿࡾ㸣ࡌࢂࡔ㸡᳔∸ࡢሲ࡞ᙁࡂࡾᶭ ᵋࢅᣚࡖ࡙࠷ࡾ࡞ࡵ࠾࠾ࢂࡼࡍ㸡ࡐࡿᢒโࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࡆ࡛࡞ࡽ㸡ࡆࡿࡢ㸡᳔∸ࢅྱ ࡳ⏍∸ࡡ㉫″ᾇ࡞࠵ࡾࡆ࡛࡛↋⦍࡛ࡢᛦࢂࡿ࠷㸣⌟ᅹ㸡ࡆࡿࡼ pst ⪇ሲᛮ✲↓ን␏ ⣌⤣࡞࠽࠷࡙⪇ሲᛮࢅᨥ㒼ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ㐿ఎᏄࢅ≁ᏽࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ㸣㐿ఎᏄ᪺ࡼ࠾࡞ࡿࡣ㸡 ࣓ࢸ᳔ࣜ∸ࢨࣞࢽࢻࢫࢻ࡚ࡢࡂ㸡ࡆࡿࡼࡡ㐿ఎᏄࢅ㎨ష∸➴࡞ᑙථ࠵ࡾ࠷ࡢࡐࡿࡼ ࡞࠽࠷࡙◒ቪࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡞ࡻࡽ㸡ሲᯊฝᅰቫࡷஜ⇩ᆀᖈ࡚ࡡ㎨ᴏ⏍⏐ࡷ⥫ࡡಀ㐅࡞㈁⊡ ࡚ࡀࡾࡵࡡ࡛⩻࠻ࡾ㸣 日焼けし難い植物ᴆ කࡢ㸡කྙᠺ࡞ᚪさ။ୌࡡ࢙ࢾ࣭ࣜ࢟″࡚࠵ࡽ㸡කྙᠺཬᚺ࡞ࡻࡽ㸡ᠻࠍெ㢦ࢅྱ ࡴࡒᆀ⌣୕ࡡ⏍ࡡ⥌ᣚ࡞ᚪさ㓗⣪࡛⢶ (㣏⣂) ࢅᥞ౩ࡌࡾ㸣࡛ࡆࢀ㸡කࡢㅎรࡡ ࡚࠵ࡽ㸡㐛කࡢකྙᠺ⏍∸࡞᭯ᐐ࠵ࡾ㸣᳔∸⛸࡞ࡻࡖ࡙කវུᛮࡢ␏ࡽ㸡㝔⏍ ᳔∸ࡢක㝸ᐐࢅུࡄ᪾࠷㸣ࡱࡒ㸡᳔∸ࡡ⏍⫩ࢪࢷ࣭ࢩ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ࡵវུᛮࡢ␏ࡽ㸡ᐁ⏍ ࡢᠺ⇅᳔∸ࡻࡽࡵ㝸ᐐࢅུࡄ᪾ࡂ㸡㎨ᴏ୕ࡢ㐵කࡈࡿࡾࡆ࡛ኣ࠷㸣කྙᠺࡡ㐅⾔࡞ 52 ฺῺୖ㸡⅛㓗࢝ࢪ⃨ᗐୖ࡚ක㝸ᐐࢅུࡄࡷࡌ࠷ࡆ࡛ࡵ▩ࡼࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ㸣ࡆࡡࡻ࠹࡞㸡 කྙᠺᙁකࡡࡵ࡛࡚㜴ᐐࢅུࡄࡾ⌟㇗ࡢ 㹷ᙁක㜴ᐐ㹸 ࡛ࡣࡿࡾ㸡ࡐࡡᶭᵋ࡞ࡢ ᪺Ⅴኣ࠷㸣 ᚉᮮ㸡ᙁක⪇ᛮ᳔∸ࡡషฝ࡞࠵ࡒࡖ࡙ࡢ㸡කྙᠺࡡ㐛⛤࡚⏐⏍ࡈࡿࡾὩᛮ㓗⣪ (୕㏑) ࡡᾐཡ⣌╌┘ࡈࡿ࡙ࡀࡒ㸣Ὡᛮ㓗⣪ᾐཡ⣌࡛ࡊ࡙㸡ࢪ࣭ࣂ࣭࢛࢞ࢨࢺࢩࢪ࣑ࢰ࣭ࢭ (SOD) ࡷࣜࢤࣜࣄࣤ㓗࢛࣋ࣜ࢞ࢨࢱ࣭ࢭࡡὩᛮࢅቌኬࡈࡎࡾࡒࡴ࡞㸡ࡆࡿࡼ㐿ఎ Ꮔࡡ㧏Ⓠ⌟⣌᳔∸࡞ᑙථࡈࡿ㸡ࡐࡡຝᯕ᳠ッࡈࡿ࡙ࡀࡒ㸣ୌ᪁㸡කྙᠺ࡞࠽࠷࡙㸡 කࡡ࢙ࢾ࣭ࣜ࢟ࢅུࡄḾࡴࡾ⨠ࡡ㒂ဗ࡚࠵ࡾ D1 ࢰࣤࣂࢠ㈻࡞ࡗ࠷࡙㸡ࢰࣤࣂࢠ㈻ᕝ ᏕⓏᡥἪࢅ⏕࠷࡙㸡ࢰࣤࣂࢠ㈻ࡡୌḗᵋ㏸ࡡᨭንモࡲࡼࡿ࡙ࡀࡒ㸡ᙁක⪇ᛮකྙ ᠺ⏍∸ࡡషฝ࡞ࡢ⮫ࡼ࠾ࡖࡒ㸣 ᮇㅦᖅࡼࡢ㸡ࡆࡡၡ㢗Ⅴࢅග᭱ࡌࡾࡒࡴ࡞㸡ࡱࡍ㸡モ㥺⟮හ࡚ D1 ࢰࣤࣂࢠ㈻㐿ఎᏄ ࢅࣚࣤࢱ࣑࡞ᨭንࡊࡒᚃ㸡කྙᠺ⏍∸࡞㏁ࡊ㸡ᙁක⪇ᛮࢅ⋋ᚋࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ㐿ఎᏄᑙථమࢅ 㐽ᢜࡊ㸡ࡐࡡ D1 ࢰࣤࣂࢠ㈻㐿ఎᏄࢅཱིࡽฝࡊ࡙ DNA ࡡሲᇱ㒼าࢅỬᏽࡊ㸡ን␏࣐ࢿ 㓗ࢅ≁ᏽࡌࡾ࡛࠷࠹᪁Ἢࢅモࡲࡒ㸣ࣚࣤࢱ࣑࡞ᨭንࡈࡿࡒ D1 ࢰࣤࣂࢠ㈻ࡡ࠹ࡔ㸡ᙁක ⪇ᛮ⬗ࢅ⋋ᚋࡌࡾࡻ࠹࡞ࡖࡒ D1 ࢰࣤࣂࢠ㈻ࡡฝ⌟ࡌࡾ㢎ᗐࡢ㸡㸦࣐ࢿ㓗⨠ᥦࢅ ᏽࡌࡾ࡛㸡 1㸤6,536 ࡛ゝ⟤ࡈࡿࡾ (レ⣵ࡢ┤␆)㸣ࡆࡡᐁ㥺ࢅ㊂ࡈࡎࡾࡓࡄࡡ㐿ఎᏄ ᑙථ㢎ᗐࢅ㧏➴᳔∸࡚ᚋࡾࡆ࡛ࡢᐖ᪾࡚ࡢࡂ㸡ࡱࡒᙁක⪇ᛮን␏ᰬࡡ㐽ᢜࡡ⠾౼ࡈࡵ ຊࡊ㸡᳔∸ᆵකྙᠺࢅႜࡳཋጙⓏ⏍ࡀ∸࡚࠵ࡾࣚࣤ⸬ࢨࢾࢤࢨࢪࢷࢪࢅᐁ㥺࡞౩ ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡛ࡊࡒ㸣ᮇࣚࣤ⸬ࡡ D1 ࢰࣤࣂࢠ㈻㐿ఎᏄ (㹷psbA㹸 ࡛ࡩ) ࡞ᑊࡊ࡙モ㥺⟮හ ࣚࣤࢱ࣑✲↓ን␏ㄇᑙࢅ⾔࠷㸡㔕⏍ᆵ⾪⌟ᆵࡡࢨࢾࢤࢨࢪࢷࢪ࡞ᑙථࡊࡒ㸣ࡆࡿࡼ ࡡ㐿ఎᏄᑙථᰬࢅ㸡㔕⏍ᰬḿᖏ࡞⏍⫩࡚ࡀ࠷ᙁක᮪௲ୖ (24,000 ࣜࢠࢪ) ࡚㐽ᢜࡊ㸡 ⣑ 500,000 ࡡ㐿ఎᏄᑙථᰬ࠾ࡼ⣑ 50 ࡡක⪇ᛮᰬࢅᚋࡒ㸣 ක⪇ᛮᰬ࡛ࡊ࡙ᚋࡼࡿࡒࡌ࡙ࡡᰬࡡ psbA ࡡ DNA ሲᇱ㒼าࢅỬᏽࡊࡒ⤎ᯕ㸡ྜྷୌᰬ ࡛ึ᩷ࡈࡿࡾࡵࡡ々ᩐᏋᅹࡊ㸡᭩⤂Ⓩ࡞ 18 ࡡ␏ࡾᰬ㐽ᢜࡈࡿ࡙ࡒࡆ࡛᪺ࡼ࠾ ࡞ࡖࡒ㸣ࡗࡁ࡞㸡㔕⏍ᆵ psbA 㐿ఎᏄ࡞㸡ࡆࡆ࡚᪺ࡼ࠾࡞ࡖࡒ࣐ࢿ㓗⨠ᥦࢅ㒂న ≁␏Ⓩ✲↓ን␏ㄇᑙ࡞ࡻࡽᑙථࡊ㸡ࡆࡿࡼ࣐ࢿ㓗⨠ᥦࡡᙁක⪇ᛮࡡ㛭ࢅ☔ヾ ࡊࡒ㸣ࡆࡿࡼࡡᐁ㥺࡞ࡻࡽ㸡D1 ࢰࣤࣂࢠ㈻ࡡ㝀ᏽࡈࡿࡒ㒂న (㸦࠷ࡊ々ᩐ⟘ᡜ) ࡞⏍ ࡋࡒን␏㔔さࡆ࡛᪺ࡼ࠾࡞ࡖࡒ㸣ࡆࡿࡼࡡን␏ࡢ㸡ࡐࡡን␏㒂న࠾ࡼ㸩ࢡ࣭ࣜ ࣈ࡞ኬื࡚ࡀࡒ㸣᳔∸࡞࠽࠷࡙ࡢ㸡psbA 㐿ఎᏄࡢⴝ⥫మ DNA ࡞ಕᏋࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ㸣ࡊࡒ ࡖ࡙㸡๑㏑ࡡⴝ⥫మ㐿ఎᏄ᧧ష࡞ࡻࡽ㸡᳔∸ⴝ⥫మࡡᙁක⪇ᛮ D1 ࢰࣤࣂࢠ㈻㐿ఎ Ꮔࡡᑙථྊ⬗࡞ࡾ㸣ࡆࡡᐁ㥺ᠺຉࡌࡿࡣ㸡↕ࡄࡊ㞬࠷ᇰ᳔∸⿿ࡡ᩺ࡒ 㐠㛜࠾ࡿࡾ㸣 ࠽ࢂࡽ࡞ 㣏⣂⏍⏐ᛮ࠽ࡻࡦ⅛㓗࢝ࢪᅖᏽ⬗ࡡ㧏࠷᳔∸㸡ࡱࡒஜ⇩ᆀ࡚ࡡ⏍⫩࡞ᚪさ⪇ሲᛮ᳔ ∸㸡ࡈࡼ࡞↕ࡄࡊ࡞ࡂ࠷᳔∸ࡡషฝࡢ㸡ᐁ㥺ᐄࡡ࡚ࣝ࣊ࣜࡢᩐᖳ௧හᐁ⌟ྊ⬗࡚࠵ࡾ ࡛⩻࠻ࡾ㸣ୌ᪁㸡⌟ᅹࡱ࡚ࡡ㐿ఎᏄ⤄ᥦ࠻㎨ష∸ࡢ⏍⏐⩽࡞࣒ࣛࢴࢹኬࡀࡂ㸡ᾐ㈕⩽ ࡞ࡢฺⅤぜ࠻࡞ࡂ࠷㸣ࡊ࠾ࡊࡼ㸡㌗㎾ୌౚ࡛ࡊ࡙㸡㟴ᒱྞ⏐ࡡ࣒ࣞࣤ࡞㸡ㅦᖅ ࡼ㛜ⓆࡊࡒᏭධ㐿ఎᏄ⤄ᥦ࠻᳔∸షฝἪࢅ⏕࠷㸡ࡆࡿࡼࡡ⏍⏐ᛮቌኬ㸡ஜ⇩⪇ᛮ㸡 ᙁක⪇ᛮࡡ㐿ఎᏄࢅᑙථࡌࡿࡣ㸡ᆀᇡ㎨ᴏᣲ⮾ࡡ㈁⊡ࡢኬࡀ࠷㸣ᾐ㈕⩽ࡡ࣒ࣛࢴࢹ ࡛ࡊ࡙ࡢ㸡⏍⏐ᛮ㹺⏍⏐ຝ⋙ࡡቌኬ࡞ఔ࠹㈅౮ࡡୖ࡞ຊ࠻࡙㸡࡞㸡㐿ఎᏄ᧧ష ࡞ࡻࡽࣄࢰ࣐ࣤ㸺ࡷ㸸ࢅ㧏✒ࡌࡾ᳔∸షฝࡈࡿ࡙࠽ࡽ㸡ᚃ㸡ᗛࡷ㛏ᑋ࡞ୌᒒ᭯ ຝ㎨ష∸࠵ࡾ࠷ࡢࡐࡿࡼ࡞⏜ᮮࡌࡾ≁ᏽಕ⏕㣏ဗࡡᥞ౩ぜ㎲ࡱࡿࡾ㸣㣏⣂㹺⎌ሾ ၡ㢗࡞㛭ࡊ࡙㸡᭩⤂Ⓩ࡞ᆀ⌣ぞᶅ࡚ெ㢦࡞ᜠࢅࡵࡒࡼࡌ࡞ࡢ㸡ᨳⓏ࠾ࡗ⤊ῥⓏຑງ ఔࢂࡄࡿࡣࡼ࠷㸡ࡻࡽࡻ࠷⏍Ὡ࡛ᏄᏘࡡ⦶ᰜࢅ㢢࠹ெࡡᛦ࠷㞗⣑ࡈࡿ㸡 53 ୠㄵ࡛ࡊ࡙㐿ఎᏄ⤄ᥦ࠻᳔∸ࡡ㔔さᛮ㢫ࡲࡼࡿࡿࡣ㸡ெ㢦ࡡᑑᮮࡢᝊふⓏ࡚ࡢ࠷ࡢ ࡍ࡚࠵ࡾ㸣 ཤ⩻ᩝ⊡㹺オ ௧ୖ "http://sfns.u-shizuoka-ken.ac.jp/pctech/pdf/" ࡞࡙ධᩝ (PDF) ප㛜 ධ⯙ 1. ெ㢦ࡡᮅᮮࢅᨾ࠹ࢪ࣭ࣂ᳔࣭∸ࡡᙽ. 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