Richmond-Petersburg, VA National Compensation Survey August 1997 ________________________________________________________________________________________________ U.S. Department of Labor Alexis M. Herman, Secretary Bureau of Labor Statistics Katharine G. Abraham, Commissioner May 1998 Bulletin 3090-32 Preface T For additional information regarding this survey, please contact the BLS Philadelphia Regional Office at (215) 5961154. You may also write to the Bureau of Labor Statistics at: Division of Compensation Data Analysis and Planning, 2 Massachusetts Avenue, NE, Room 4175, Washington, DC 20212-0001, or call (202) 606-6220, or send e-mail to [email protected]. The data contained in this bulletin are also available at the BLS Internet site (https://www.bls.gov/ocs/#data ). Data are in three formats: an ASCII file containing the published table formats; an ASCII file containing positional columns of data for manipulation as a data base or spreadsheet; and a Portable Document Format (PDF) containing the entire bulletin. Material in this bulletin is in the public domain and, with appropriate credit, may be reproduced without permission. This information will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 606-7828; TDD phone: (202) 606-5897; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-326-2577. his bulletin provides results of an August 1997 survey of occupational pay in the Richmond-Petersburg, VA, Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). Data shown in this bulletin were collected as part of the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ (BLS) new program known as the National Compensation Survey (NCS). The survey could not have been conducted without the cooperation of the many private firms and government jurisdictions that provided pay data included in this bulletin. The Bureau thanks these respondents for their cooperation. Survey data were collected and reviewed by Bureau of Labor Statistics field economists under the direction of John W. Filemyr, Assistant Regional Commissioner for Operations of the Philadelphia Regional Office. The Office of Compensation and Working Conditions, in cooperation with the Office of Field Operations and the Office of Technology and Survey Processing in the BLS National Office, designed the survey, processed the data, and analyzed the survey results. iii Contents Page Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ Wages in the Richmond-Petersburg, VA, MSA ......................................................................................... 1 2 Tables: A-1. Hourly earnings for selected occupations, all workers, all industries ........................................... A-2. Hourly earnings for selected occupations, all workers, private industry and State and local government........................................................................................................... A-3. Hourly earnings for selected occupations, full-time and part-time workers, all industries ................................................................................................................................. A-4. Weekly and annual earnings and hours for selected occupations, full-time workers only, all industries ............................................................................................ B-1. Mean hourly earnings by occupational group and levels, all industries, private industry, State and local government, full-time and part-time workers ............................ B-2. Mean hourly earnings for selected occupations and levels, all industries, private industry, State and local government, full-time and part-time workers ............................ C-1. Mean hourly earnings by occupational group and selected characteristics, all industries ................................................................................................................................. C-2. Mean hourly earnings by occupational group and industry division, private industry, all workers ......................................................................................................... C-3. Mean hourly earnings by occupational group and establishment employment size, private industry, all workers ......................................................................................................... C-4. Number of workers represented by occupational group ............................................................... 4 7 10 13 15 19 22 23 24 25 Appendix A: Technical Note ..................................................................................................................................... Appendix table 1. Number of establishments studied...................................................................... Appendix table 2. Relative standard errors...................................................................................... Appendix table 3. Average work levels ........................................................................................... v 26 30 31 34 Introduction T erations. Such instances are noted in the bulletin table footnotes. NCS more extensive than OCS The wage data in this bulletin differ from those in previous Occupational Compensation Surveys by providing broader coverage of occupations and establishments within the survey area. Occupations surveyed for this bulletin were selected using probability techniques from a list of all those present in each establishment. Previous OCS bulletins were limited to a preselected list of occupations, which represented a small subset of all occupations in the economy. Information in the new bulletin is published for a variety of occupation-based data. This new approach includes data on broad occupational classifications such as white-collar workers, major occupational groups such as sales workers, and individual occupations such as cashiers. In tables containing work levels within occupational series, the work levels are derived from generic standards that apply to all occupational groups. The job levels in the OCS bulletins were based on narrowly-defined descriptions that were not comparable across specific occupations. Occupational data in this bulletin are also tabulated for other classifications such as industry group, full-time versus part-time workers, union versus nonunion status, time versus incentive status, and establishment employment size. Not all of these series were generated by the OCS program. The establishments surveyed for this bulletin were limited to those with 50 or more employees. Eventually, NCS will be expanded to cover those now-excluded establishments. Then, virtually all workers in the civilian economy will be surveyed, excluding only agriculture, private households, and employees of the Federal Government. his survey of occupational pay was conducted in the Richmond-Petersburg, VA, Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). The MSA includes the cities of Colonial Heights, Hopewell, Petersburg, and Richmond; and the counties of Charles City, Chesterfield, Dinwiddie, Goochland, Hanover, Henrico, New Kent, Powhatan, and Prince George, VA. This bulletin consists primarily of tables whose data are analyzed in the initial textual section. Tabulations provide information on earnings of workers in a variety of occupations and at a wide range of work levels. Also contained in this bulletin is information on the program, a technical note describing survey procedures, and several appendixes with detailed information on occupational classifications and the generic leveling methodology. NCS design and products The Bureau of Labor Statistic’s (BLS) new National Compensation Survey (NCS) is designed to provide data on the levels and rates of change of occupational wages and employee benefits for localities, broad geographic regions, and the nation as a whole. One output of the NCS will be the Employment Cost Index, a quarterly measure of the change in employer costs for wages and benefits. This bulletin is limited to data on wages and salaries. These data are similar to those released under the Occupational Compensation Survey (OCS), which has been discontinued. Due to the limited amount of time available to initiate this first phase of the new program, a number of companies were unable to provide complete data before the publication deadline. As a result, some surveys have a high nonresponse rate for the all industries or the private industry it- 1 Wages in the Richmond-Petersburg, VA, Metropolitan Statistical Area S Survey results show that private industry workers in Richmond-Petersburg, VA, earned $14.74 per hour, while surveyed State and local government workers averaged $16.62. Table A-2 reports the average hourly rate for white-collar occupations as $17.25 in private industry and $18.25 in State and local government. Blue-collar occupations showed an average hourly rate of $13.73 in private industry and $12.35 in State and local government. Service occupations within private industry averaged $6.76 per hour while those found in State and local government averaged $11.63. traight-time wages in the Richmond-Petersburg, VA, Metropolitan Statistical Area averaged $15.27 per hour during August 1997. White-collar workers had an average wage of $17.60 per hour. Blue-collar workers averaged $13.62 per hour, while service workers had average earnings of $8.51 per hour. (All comparisons in this analysis cover hourly rates for both full- and part-time workers, unless otherwise noted.) Chart 1. Average hourly wage rates by occupational group, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1997 Chart 2. Average hourly rates for private industry and State and local government, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1997 Dollars per hour $ 20 Dollars per hour $ 20 15 Private industry State and local government 10 15 5 10 0 Whitecollar Bluecollar Service workers 5 Within each of these occupational groups, average hourly wages for individual occupations varied. For example, white-collar occupations included accountants and auditors at $20.03 per hour, registered nurses at $18.84, and secretaries at $12.62. Among occupations in the bluecollar category, truck drivers averaged $10.93 per hour while stock handlers and baggers averaged $9.20. Finally, service occupations included janitors and cleaners at $7.02 per hour and waiters and waitresses at $4.37 per hour (excluding tips). Table A-1 presents earnings data for 82 detailed occupations; data for other detailed occupations surveyed could not be reported separately due to concerns about the confidentiality of survey respondents and the reliability of the data. 0 White-collar Blue-collar Service Table A-3 presents data for workers considered by the survey respondents to be either full-time or part-time. Average wages for full-time workers, all occupations, were $16.19 per hour, compared with an average of $8.11 per hour for part-time workers. Data for specific work levels within major occupational groups are reported in table B-1. Occasionally, wage estimates for lower levels of work within major occupational groups are greater than estimates for higher levels. This can occur due to the mix of specific occupations (and industries) represented by the broad group as well as by the variability of the estimate. Some levels within a group may 2 sions within private industry. In the private sector, hourly wages averaged $17.30 in all goods-producing industries, $12.87 in construction, and $18.28 in transportation and public utilities. Data for other industry divisions did not meet publication criteria. In Richmond-Petersburg, VA, a total of 300,181 workers were represented by the survey, with 177,119 classified in white-collar occupations, or 59 percent. Table C-4 reports that blue-collar occupations included 74,142 workers, or 25 percent, and service occupations employed 48,919 workers, or 16 percent. not be published because no workers were identified at that level or because there were not enough data to guarantee confidentiality and reliability. Work levels for all major groups span several levels, with professional specialty occupations and executive, administrative, and managerial occupations typically starting and ending at higher work levels than the other groups. Published data for executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ranged from level 5 to level 13. As illustrated in Chart 3, the average hourly rate was $21.62 for level 10, $26.62 for level 11, $31.98 for level 12, and $37.81 for level 13. Chart 4. Distribution of workers represented by occupational group, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1997 Chart 3. Average hourly rates by work level for executive, administrative, and managerial occupations, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1997 Percent 60 Dollars per hour $40 50 40 30 30 20 20 10 10 0 0 10 11 12 13 Whitecollar Bluecollar Service workers Level Data are also presented in appendix table 1 on the number of establishments studied by industry group and employment size. The relative standard errors of published mean hourly earnings for all industries, private industry, and State and local government are available in appendix table 2. The average work levels for published occupational groups and selected occupations are presented in appendix table 3. Surveyed union workers had an average hourly rate of $16.55, as reported in table C-1. Wages for nonunion workers averaged $15.14. Time workers, whose wages were based solely on an hourly rate or a salary, averaged $15.28 per hour, while incentive workers, those whose wages were at least partially based on productivity payments, averaged $14.87. Table C-2 shows wage data for specific industry divi- 3 Table A-1. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, all workers2, all industries, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1997 All industries Percentiles Occupation3 Mean All occupations ....................................................................... $15.27 All occupations excluding sales ............................................ 15.45 10 25 Median 50 75 90 $6.50 6.75 $9.00 9.37 $13.17 13.45 $19.23 19.31 $26.40 26.51 White-collar occupations ................................................... White-collar occupations excluding sales ......................... 17.60 18.23 7.85 8.61 10.58 11.28 15.14 16.05 21.95 22.60 31.07 31.73 Professional specialty and technical occupations ............ Professional specialty occupations ............................... Engineers, architects, and surveyors ....................... Mechanical engineers ........................................... Engineers, N.E.C. ................................................. Mathematical and computer scientists ..................... Computer systems analysts and scientists ........... Operations and systems researchers and analysts .......................................................... Natural scientists ...................................................... Health related occupations ....................................... Registered nurses ................................................ Physical therapists ................................................ Teachers, college and university .............................. Teachers, except college and university .................. Elementary school teachers ................................. Secondary school teachers .................................. Librarians, archivists, and curators ........................... Librarians .............................................................. Social scientists and urban planners ........................ Social, recreation, and religious workers .................. Social workers ...................................................... Lawyers and judges .................................................. Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and professionals, N.E.C. .......................................... Technical occupations .................................................. Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians Radiological technicians ....................................... Licensed practical nurses ..................................... Health technologists and technicians, N.E.C. ....... Computer programmers ....................................... Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ... Executives, administrators, and managers ............... Administrators and officials, public administration Financial managers .............................................. Managers., marketing, advertising and public relations .......................................................... Administrators, education and related fields ......... Managers, medicine and health ........................... Managers and administrators, N.E.C. .................. Management related occupations ............................ Accountants and auditors ..................................... Other financial officers .......................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists ....................................................... Management related occupations, N.E.C. ............ Sales occupations ............................................................ Supervisors, sales occupations ............................ Insurance sales occupations ................................ Sales occupations, other business services ......... Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing, and wholesale ................................................. Cashiers ............................................................... Sales support occupations, N.E.C. ....................... Administrative support occupations, including clerical ..... Supervisors, general office ................................... Computer operators .............................................. Secretaries ........................................................... Receptionists ........................................................ Information clerks, N.E.C. ..................................... 21.60 23.38 26.54 29.27 26.53 24.63 24.78 12.45 15.03 18.27 26.44 17.31 16.07 15.71 16.00 17.96 20.99 27.69 21.39 18.20 17.19 20.08 21.95 26.44 29.37 25.63 22.82 22.60 25.96 28.03 31.29 31.73 31.25 29.32 30.42 33.13 34.40 35.00 32.09 38.51 35.97 37.79 23.24 21.03 20.74 18.84 25.46 32.85 21.76 22.79 23.02 19.58 19.58 – 14.53 14.41 – 17.18 16.43 14.30 13.93 18.06 24.31 15.80 16.86 16.59 15.75 15.75 – 9.81 9.81 – 20.28 18.78 16.52 15.76 19.13 24.42 17.97 19.49 18.81 17.51 17.51 – 11.67 11.67 – 22.82 21.46 19.72 18.78 24.04 33.74 21.47 22.14 23.42 19.50 19.50 – 14.53 14.38 – 23.56 23.27 22.43 20.83 30.64 36.93 26.02 26.51 26.51 22.21 22.21 – 16.93 16.94 – 31.19 26.70 30.08 23.19 30.64 42.63 29.25 28.71 29.45 24.48 24.48 – 19.50 19.50 – 16.72 15.09 17.04 16.14 12.01 11.91 19.78 24.51 28.66 25.00 25.77 11.96 9.75 9.25 14.75 10.04 6.57 15.63 13.55 16.48 18.14 14.90 13.37 11.67 12.25 14.75 10.87 8.48 16.98 16.37 21.42 18.14 19.39 15.98 13.75 16.90 15.46 11.95 12.14 18.13 21.91 25.64 23.81 24.06 19.11 17.36 20.88 17.29 13.30 14.90 22.05 30.32 33.46 32.06 27.73 24.52 22.05 25.85 18.00 14.09 16.25 25.00 38.03 39.61 34.49 39.90 23.20 26.17 23.04 31.91 19.06 20.03 16.83 16.77 19.63 16.04 16.35 12.25 14.66 12.36 21.91 21.46 16.04 21.53 14.42 15.94 13.40 21.91 24.12 23.08 29.62 16.88 18.46 15.38 26.60 32.33 28.72 36.56 21.06 22.71 19.52 35.21 32.33 28.72 50.48 29.31 29.31 22.81 28.70 17.21 13.00 18.20 25.46 11.41 14.09 12.25 5.65 8.25 15.38 8.17 17.31 12.93 6.75 12.12 19.23 8.17 37.36 16.59 9.35 17.90 21.61 10.73 39.90 19.18 15.75 20.19 28.85 12.50 45.48 27.96 23.45 28.13 39.42 18.51 27.22 6.32 13.76 11.27 14.76 10.91 12.62 9.55 9.89 11.13 5.20 8.50 7.27 11.89 7.50 8.05 7.93 5.25 11.66 5.25 8.50 8.63 12.82 7.50 10.67 8.55 5.65 23.93 6.00 12.08 10.86 15.42 10.00 13.15 9.48 11.29 31.78 7.00 14.50 13.36 16.15 14.59 14.70 10.63 12.79 56.25 9.00 23.45 15.61 16.44 14.59 14.96 11.06 12.98 See footnotes at end of table. 4 Table A-1. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, all workers2, all industries, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1997 — Continued All industries Percentiles Occupation3 Mean White-collar occupations (-Continued) Administrative support occupations, including clerical (-Continued) Order clerks .......................................................... $12.57 Library clerks ........................................................ 7.39 Records clerks, N.E.C. ......................................... 11.41 Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ...... 10.81 Dispatchers ........................................................... 12.94 Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks ................... 8.19 Stock and inventory clerks .................................... 8.97 Insurance adjusters, examiners, & investigators .. 17.25 Investigators and adjusters except insurance ...... 11.28 Bill and account collectors .................................... 11.61 General office clerks ............................................. 10.10 Data entry keyers ................................................. 9.12 Teachers’ aides .................................................... 9.69 Administrative support occupations, N.E.C. ......... 11.46 10 25 Median 50 75 90 $8.25 4.75 8.86 8.20 9.57 6.00 7.62 10.26 8.00 6.30 7.00 7.00 6.47 7.16 $10.15 4.83 10.23 9.43 10.47 6.25 8.16 12.00 8.63 9.63 8.06 7.93 7.95 8.99 $12.65 6.38 11.28 10.52 11.62 7.50 9.00 15.57 11.76 12.02 9.63 9.69 9.37 11.54 $16.23 10.29 12.58 12.02 14.77 8.50 9.50 22.46 13.12 12.95 11.50 10.12 12.06 13.59 $17.08 11.80 13.15 13.98 19.03 11.58 10.98 25.38 13.60 15.20 14.59 10.77 12.23 16.15 Blue-collar occupations ..................................................... Precision production, craft, and repair occupations .......... Supervisors, mechanics and repairers ................. Bus, truck, and stationary engine mechanics ....... Industrial machinery repairers .............................. Mechanics and repairers, N.E.C. .......................... Electricians ........................................................... Supervisors, production occupations .................... Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .............. Printing press operators ....................................... Slicing and cutting machine operators .................. Miscellaneous machine operators, N.E.C. ........... Production inspectors, checkers and examiners .. Transportation and material moving occupations ............. Supervisors, motor vehicle operators ................... Truck drivers ......................................................... Bus drivers ............................................................ Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators .. Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ...... Supervisors, handlers, equipment cleaners, and laborers, N.E.C. .............................................. Production helpers ................................................ Stock handlers and baggers ................................. Freight, stock, and material handlers, N.E.C. ....... Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners ............ Hand packers and packagers ............................... Laborers except construction, N.E.C. ................... 13.62 16.43 21.56 14.42 19.91 13.80 16.92 24.02 14.01 15.01 12.09 16.94 12.85 11.71 13.65 10.93 12.53 13.58 10.20 7.25 9.75 14.00 11.00 12.26 8.50 12.63 15.00 7.69 8.89 6.00 9.75 9.40 7.65 11.24 8.25 7.38 9.49 5.75 9.50 12.31 14.38 13.63 15.39 10.50 15.00 19.23 10.80 13.24 11.89 12.82 10.39 9.12 11.24 9.00 9.33 11.31 7.00 12.81 16.00 21.79 14.63 21.25 14.70 18.25 22.81 13.25 15.61 13.01 17.77 11.10 11.24 12.00 10.00 12.79 12.66 8.98 16.60 20.02 28.70 16.10 26.14 16.70 18.25 29.66 17.22 17.13 13.01 20.20 17.19 13.52 14.58 12.08 15.99 15.19 12.45 21.25 24.76 29.66 17.00 26.14 21.08 19.43 31.48 20.20 18.63 15.19 24.36 17.36 16.00 18.61 15.50 15.99 20.73 15.79 13.25 10.37 9.20 11.21 9.01 9.87 9.38 9.71 6.25 5.35 6.50 5.77 5.45 6.40 9.71 7.50 5.65 8.58 6.00 6.84 7.14 10.60 10.30 7.36 11.10 6.00 10.98 8.35 12.56 12.72 11.71 13.70 10.21 11.65 10.30 17.10 16.05 13.50 16.20 17.19 12.80 13.93 Service occupations ........................................................... Protective service occupations ................................. Police and detectives, public service .................... Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement officers ............................................................ Food service occupations ......................................... Waiters and waitresses ........................................ Cooks ................................................................... Kitchen workers, food preparation ........................ Food preparation occupations, N.E.C. ................. 8.51 13.29 15.63 5.15 7.10 12.36 5.75 9.63 13.89 7.37 12.36 15.73 10.14 16.16 16.94 14.04 19.64 19.50 12.97 6.39 4.37 9.56 7.34 6.48 11.00 2.13 2.13 6.30 5.50 5.15 11.00 5.15 2.13 7.50 6.00 5.15 12.02 6.25 2.77 9.00 7.00 5.57 15.70 8.00 7.50 12.00 8.00 7.00 16.41 10.00 8.17 14.42 10.00 9.25 See footnotes at end of table. 5 Table A-1. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, all workers2, all industries, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1997 — Continued All industries Percentiles Occupation3 Mean Service occupations (-Continued) Health service occupations ....................................... Health aides, except nursing ................................ Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants ............... Cleaning and building service occupations .............. Supervisors, cleaning & building service workers Maids and housemen ........................................... Janitors and cleaners ........................................... Personal service occupations ................................... 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, hazard pay, and on-call pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 90th percentiles designate position in the earnings distribution. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the workers receive the same as or more than the rate shown, and half receive the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of the workers earn the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 75th percentile, one-fourth earn the same as or more than the rate shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. 2 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees $7.13 8.97 6.82 7.20 10.16 6.01 7.02 8.58 10 25 Median 50 75 90 $5.30 6.36 5.25 5.15 7.00 5.25 5.15 5.50 $5.65 7.50 5.50 5.36 7.60 5.30 5.25 6.59 $6.70 8.82 6.50 6.69 8.90 5.75 6.56 7.77 $8.01 9.51 7.60 8.10 12.01 6.69 8.06 10.36 $9.51 12.75 8.81 10.50 15.00 7.45 9.63 12.03 are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified." 6 Table A-2. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, all workers2, private industry and State and local government, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1997 Private industry Percentiles Occupation3 Mean 10 All occupations ..................................................... $14.74 All occupations excluding sales .......................... 14.94 White-collar occupations ................................. White-collar occupations excluding sales ....... Professional specialty and technical occupations .............................................. Professional specialty occupations ............. Engineers, architects, and surveyors ..... Mechanical engineers ......................... Engineers, N.E.C. ............................... Mathematical and computer scientists ... Computer systems analysts and scientists ....................................... Natural scientists .................................... Health related occupations ..................... Registered nurses .............................. Teachers, college and university ............ Teachers, except college and university Elementary school teachers ............... Secondary school teachers ................ Librarians, archivists, and curators ......... Librarians ............................................ Social scientists and urban planners ...... Social, recreation, and religious workers Social workers .................................... Lawyers and judges ................................ Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and professionals, N.E.C. ................. Technical occupations ................................ Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians .................................... Radiological technicians ..................... Licensed practical nurses ................... Health technologists and technicians, N.E.C. ........................................... Computer programmers ..................... Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations .............................................. Executives, administrators, and managers .......................................... Administrators and officials, public administration ............................... Financial managers ............................ Managers., marketing, advertising and public relations ....................... Administrators, education and related fields ............................................. Managers, medicine and health ......... Managers and administrators, N.E.C. Management related occupations .......... Accountants and auditors ................... Other financial officers ........................ Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists ...................... Management related occupations, N.E.C. ........................................... Sales occupations .......................................... Supervisors, sales occupations .......... Insurance sales occupations .............. Sales occupations, other business services ........................................ Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing, and wholesale ...... Cashiers ............................................. State and local government $6.00 6.25 25 Median 50 $8.21 $12.56 8.50 12.83 Percentiles Mean 75 90 10 $18.23 18.25 $25.67 26.14 $16.62 16.62 25 Median 50 75 90 $8.38 $10.76 $14.70 $20.83 $28.04 8.38 10.76 14.70 20.88 28.04 17.25 18.21 7.25 8.08 9.71 10.72 14.59 15.70 21.84 22.89 31.55 32.59 18.25 18.27 9.56 9.57 12.23 12.23 16.43 16.43 22.23 22.23 30.64 30.64 21.22 23.48 28.48 29.27 26.53 27.34 11.32 13.60 19.23 26.44 17.31 17.19 14.94 17.50 25.24 27.69 21.39 19.95 19.50 22.50 28.37 29.37 25.63 25.00 26.07 28.65 32.09 31.73 31.25 34.22 33.37 34.88 36.59 32.09 38.51 41.11 21.92 23.30 – – – – 13.45 15.79 – – – – 16.43 18.36 – – – – 20.53 21.95 – – – – 25.90 27.79 – – – – 32.87 33.77 – – – – 28.01 22.62 19.68 18.35 – 11.29 – – – – – – – – 17.19 12.41 13.89 13.58 – 9.40 – – – – – – – – 19.95 19.23 15.83 15.40 – 9.40 – – – – – – – – 25.00 24.62 19.00 18.47 – 9.40 – – – – – – – – 35.97 25.76 21.29 20.50 – 13.33 – – – – – – – – 41.83 28.65 25.36 22.25 – 16.99 – – – – – – – – – – 22.65 – – 22.85 23.06 23.16 19.93 19.93 – 14.62 14.62 – – – 15.27 – – 17.06 17.06 16.59 14.83 14.83 – 10.29 10.29 – – – 17.75 – – 18.89 19.64 18.93 17.82 17.82 – 12.02 12.02 – – – 21.26 – – 22.23 22.50 23.43 19.56 19.56 – 14.72 14.72 – – – 27.78 – – 26.51 26.64 26.71 22.44 22.44 – 16.94 16.94 – – – 31.38 – – 29.33 29.33 29.73 24.48 24.48 – 18.61 18.61 – 18.04 15.62 10.77 9.53 13.37 11.91 18.16 14.75 24.15 18.00 24.52 22.82 – 14.26 – 10.29 – 11.25 – 13.15 – 15.03 – 20.88 12.46 16.02 11.95 8.70 14.03 10.00 9.25 14.75 10.87 12.20 15.46 11.83 15.86 17.25 13.18 16.75 18.01 14.09 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 11.06 20.30 6.57 16.98 7.26 16.98 11.15 18.22 14.90 22.05 16.25 25.79 – – – – – – – – – – – – 25.51 14.36 16.59 21.91 32.12 38.46 20.82 10.39 14.70 20.68 26.64 32.33 29.74 15.87 21.53 26.60 35.66 44.47 24.85 18.14 20.53 22.95 28.99 32.33 – 25.77 – 14.90 – 19.39 – 24.06 – 27.73 – 39.90 25.60 – 18.14 – 18.14 – 23.81 – 32.06 – 34.49 – 23.20 16.77 21.91 21.91 26.60 35.21 – – – – – – – 22.56 32.27 20.08 20.37 15.04 – 16.04 16.35 13.01 14.66 12.36 – 16.04 21.63 15.38 16.11 12.73 – 23.08 31.22 17.95 18.99 15.38 – 28.72 36.73 21.92 23.13 15.87 – 28.72 50.48 29.49 29.31 19.52 25.57 – – 14.96 17.82 – 19.63 – – 10.06 13.94 – 21.46 – – 10.52 15.14 – 22.95 – – 14.06 16.16 – 32.33 – – 16.35 17.31 – 32.33 – – 22.26 27.64 – 28.70 14.09 17.31 37.36 39.90 45.48 – – – – – – 17.35 13.01 18.20 25.46 12.25 5.65 8.25 15.38 13.22 6.75 12.12 19.23 16.88 9.34 17.90 21.61 19.18 16.21 20.19 28.85 27.96 23.45 28.13 39.42 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 11.41 8.17 8.17 10.73 12.50 18.51 – – – – – – 27.22 6.23 11.13 5.20 11.66 5.25 23.93 6.00 31.78 6.80 56.25 8.00 – – – – – – – – – – – – See footnotes at end of table. 7 Table A-2. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, all workers2, private industry and State and local government, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1997 — Continued Private industry Percentiles Occupation3 Mean 10 White-collar occupations (-Continued) Sales occupations (-Continued) Sales support occupations, N.E.C. ..... $13.76 Administrative support occupations, including clerical ...................................................... 11.20 Supervisors, general office ................. 14.68 Secretaries ......................................... 12.15 Receptionists ...................................... 9.55 Information clerks, N.E.C. ................... 9.89 Order clerks ........................................ 12.57 Records clerks, N.E.C. ....................... 11.19 Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ............................................ 10.28 Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks 8.19 Stock and inventory clerks .................. 8.75 Insurance adjusters, examiners, & investigators ................................. 17.25 Investigators and adjusters except insurance ...................................... 11.02 Bill and account collectors .................. 11.35 General office clerks ........................... 10.48 Data entry keyers ............................... 9.12 Teachers’ aides .................................. – Administrative support occupations, N.E.C. ........................................... 11.78 Blue-collar occupations ................................... Precision production, craft, and repair occupations .............................................. Supervisors, mechanics and repairers Bus, truck, and stationary engine mechanics .................................... Industrial machinery repairers ............ Mechanics and repairers, N.E.C. ........ Supervisors, production occupations .. Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ................................................. Printing press operators ..................... Slicing and cutting machine operators Miscellaneous machine operators, N.E.C. ........................................... Production inspectors, checkers and examiners ..................................... Transportation and material moving occupations .............................................. Supervisors, motor vehicle operators Truck drivers ....................................... Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators ...................................... Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ..................................................... Supervisors, handlers, equipment cleaners, and laborers, N.E.C. ..... Production helpers .............................. Stock handlers and baggers ............... Freight, stock, and material handlers, N.E.C. ........................................... Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners ........................................ Hand packers and packagers ............. Laborers except construction, N.E.C. Service occupations ......................................... Protective service occupations ............... Police and detectives, public service .. State and local government 25 Median 50 Percentiles Mean 75 90 $14.50 $23.45 10 25 Median 50 75 90 – – – – – – $8.50 $8.50 $12.08 7.00 11.49 8.00 7.93 5.25 8.25 9.02 8.25 12.35 10.02 8.55 5.65 10.15 9.94 10.50 16.12 11.64 9.48 11.29 12.65 10.95 13.24 16.15 14.42 10.63 12.79 16.23 12.33 16.49 16.44 17.57 11.06 12.98 17.08 13.32 $11.39 – 12.92 – – – – $7.70 – 9.46 – – – – 7.50 6.00 7.51 9.00 6.25 8.33 9.94 7.50 9.00 11.54 8.50 9.50 13.36 11.58 9.68 11.62 – – 8.76 – – 9.63 – – 10.26 12.00 15.57 22.46 25.38 – – 8.00 6.20 6.50 7.00 – 8.63 7.50 7.75 7.93 – 10.92 12.02 9.71 9.69 – 13.12 12.95 14.00 10.12 – 13.59 16.18 15.06 10.77 – – – 9.78 – 9.78 6.00 9.85 12.07 13.72 15.77 13.73 7.10 9.25 12.98 16.76 16.76 21.96 9.25 14.00 12.26 14.38 16.30 22.79 14.81 20.00 13.79 24.02 13.00 11.96 8.00 15.00 13.63 15.39 10.50 19.23 14.01 15.01 12.09 7.69 8.89 6.00 16.94 $9.28 $11.28 $13.45 $14.70 – – – – 11.71 13.78 14.70 14.70 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 11.37 – – 13.37 – – 15.18 – – – – – – – – 7.37 – 6.90 – – 8.38 – 7.98 – – 9.63 – 9.37 – – 10.76 – 12.06 – – 11.96 – 12.23 11.06 7.27 8.09 10.24 13.08 17.82 21.28 12.35 7.69 9.71 12.31 14.61 16.43 20.76 28.94 26.14 29.66 14.02 – 11.00 – 12.31 – 14.06 – 16.29 – 17.95 – 14.90 21.25 15.00 22.81 16.10 26.14 16.70 29.66 17.20 26.14 21.08 31.48 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 10.80 13.24 11.89 13.25 15.61 13.01 17.22 17.13 13.01 20.20 18.63 15.19 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 9.75 12.82 17.77 20.20 24.36 – – – – – – 12.85 9.40 10.39 11.10 17.19 17.36 – – – – – – 11.87 13.65 10.87 7.90 11.24 8.25 9.25 11.24 8.96 11.24 12.00 10.00 13.71 14.58 12.08 16.36 18.61 15.50 10.57 – – 7.13 – – 8.46 – – 10.43 – – 12.31 – – 13.60 – – 13.58 9.49 11.31 12.66 15.19 20.73 – – – – – – 10.21 5.65 6.84 8.75 12.56 16.05 10.09 7.16 9.48 9.71 10.26 13.71 15.63 10.37 9.20 10.05 6.25 5.35 10.07 7.50 5.65 12.56 10.30 7.36 12.56 12.72 11.71 22.84 16.05 13.50 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 11.21 6.50 8.58 11.10 13.70 16.20 – – – – – – 9.01 9.87 9.38 5.77 5.45 6.40 6.00 6.84 7.14 6.00 10.98 8.35 10.21 11.65 10.30 17.19 12.80 13.93 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 6.76 8.54 – 4.85 6.00 – 5.35 6.50 – 6.28 7.98 – 7.86 9.25 – 9.95 13.50 – 11.63 15.00 15.63 7.05 10.50 12.36 8.06 11.00 13.89 10.52 13.89 15.73 13.75 16.94 16.94 17.61 21.42 19.50 See footnotes at end of table. 8 Table A-2. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, all workers2, private industry and State and local government, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1997 — Continued Private industry Percentiles Occupation3 Mean Service occupations (-Continued) Protective service occupations (-Continued) Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement officers ..................... Food service occupations ....................... Waiters and waitresses ...................... Cooks ................................................. Kitchen workers, food preparation ...... Food preparation occupations, N.E.C. Health service occupations ..................... Health aides, except nursing .............. Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants ..................................... Cleaning and building service occupations ...................................... Supervisors, cleaning & building service workers ............................. Maids and housemen ......................... Janitors and cleaners ......................... Personal service occupations ................. State and local government Percentiles Mean 10 25 Median 50 75 90 – $6.27 4.37 9.62 7.18 6.22 6.89 8.97 – $2.13 2.13 6.30 5.50 5.15 5.25 6.36 – $5.05 2.13 7.50 6.00 5.15 5.50 7.50 – $6.00 2.77 9.00 6.75 5.50 6.43 8.82 – $8.00 7.50 12.00 8.00 7.00 7.58 9.51 – $10.00 8.17 14.42 10.00 9.25 9.27 12.75 6.45 5.15 5.50 6.05 7.00 8.00 – – – – – 6.75 5.15 5.25 5.90 7.45 9.63 8.11 5.74 6.80 8.05 8.65 10.60 10.16 6.01 6.10 6.62 7.00 5.25 5.15 4.75 7.60 5.30 5.20 5.59 8.90 5.75 5.50 6.25 12.01 6.69 6.50 7.25 15.00 7.45 7.90 9.11 – – 8.11 9.90 – – 5.74 7.37 – – 6.80 7.53 – – 8.05 9.84 – – 8.65 11.50 – – 10.60 12.58 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, hazard pay, and on-call pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 90th percentiles designate position in the earnings distribution. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the workers receive the same as or more than the rate shown, and half receive the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of the workers earn the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 75th percentile, one-fourth earn the same as or more than the rate shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. 2 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be 10 25 Median 50 75 90 $12.97 $11.00 $11.00 $12.02 $15.70 $16.41 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified." IN THIS SURVEY, THE NONRESPONSE RATE FOR PRIVATE INDUSTRY EXCEEDED REGULAR SURVEY STANDARDS FOR PUBLICATION. ACCORDINGLY, USERS SHOULD INTERPRET THESE RESULTS WITH THIS LIMITATION IN MIND. 9 Table A-3. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, full-time and part-time workers2, all industries, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1997 All industries Full-time Occupation3 Percentiles Mean 10 All occupations ..................................................... $16.19 All occupations excluding sales .......................... 16.29 White-collar occupations ................................. White-collar occupations excluding sales ....... Professional specialty and technical occupations .............................................. Professional specialty occupations ............. Engineers, architects, and surveyors ..... Mechanical engineers ......................... Engineers, N.E.C. ............................... Mathematical and computer scientists ... Computer systems analysts and scientists ....................................... Operations and systems researchers and analysts ................................. Natural scientists .................................... Health related occupations ..................... Registered nurses .............................. Teachers, college and university ............ Teachers, except college and university Elementary school teachers ............... Secondary school teachers ................ Librarians, archivists, and curators ......... Librarians ............................................ Social scientists and urban planners ...... Social, recreation, and religious workers Social workers .................................... Lawyers and judges ................................ Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and professionals, N.E.C. ................. Technical occupations ................................ Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians .................................... Radiological technicians ..................... Licensed practical nurses ................... Health technologists and technicians, N.E.C. ........................................... Computer programmers ..................... Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations .............................................. Executives, administrators, and managers .......................................... Administrators and officials, public administration ............................... Financial managers ............................ Managers., marketing, advertising and public relations ....................... Administrators, education and related fields ............................................. Managers, medicine and health ......... Managers and administrators, N.E.C. Management related occupations .......... Accountants and auditors ................... Other financial officers ........................ Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists ...................... Management related occupations, N.E.C. ........................................... Sales occupations .......................................... Supervisors, sales occupations .......... Insurance sales occupations .............. Part-time 25 Median 50 $7.51 $10.03 $14.04 7.70 10.24 14.09 Percentiles Mean 75 90 $20.02 20.20 $27.26 27.40 10 25 Median 50 $8.11 8.37 $5.15 5.15 $5.50 5.50 $6.50 6.84 75 90 $8.50 $14.70 9.00 14.99 18.41 18.84 8.73 9.40 11.44 12.00 16.15 16.59 22.82 23.27 31.92 32.09 10.07 11.36 5.50 6.20 6.25 7.00 7.55 9.00 12.21 14.70 16.43 18.37 21.82 23.60 26.54 29.27 26.53 25.61 12.50 15.07 18.27 26.44 17.31 16.42 16.07 18.20 20.99 27.69 21.39 19.20 20.49 21.95 26.44 29.37 25.63 23.77 26.40 28.04 31.29 31.73 31.25 30.45 33.13 34.40 35.00 32.09 38.51 37.79 18.00 19.71 – – – – 8.38 12.64 – – – – 14.50 16.07 – – – – 16.43 17.53 – – – – 20.14 21.59 – – – – 30.00 30.00 – – – – 25.98 15.71 18.78 25.00 30.65 38.59 – – – – – – 23.24 21.03 20.31 18.69 33.31 21.87 22.84 23.05 19.77 19.77 – 14.28 14.13 – 17.18 16.43 14.30 13.93 24.42 15.91 16.98 16.59 16.16 16.16 – 9.81 9.81 – 20.28 18.78 16.59 15.76 25.00 18.10 19.55 18.81 17.51 17.51 – 11.67 11.67 – 22.82 21.46 19.70 18.74 34.40 21.56 22.30 23.43 19.50 19.50 – 14.38 14.38 – 23.56 23.27 22.25 20.85 36.93 26.02 26.51 26.57 22.21 22.21 – 16.83 16.09 – 31.19 26.70 28.25 22.74 42.63 29.25 29.02 29.62 24.48 24.48 – 18.26 18.53 – – – 23.89 19.89 – – – – – – – – – – – – 14.00 14.00 – – – – – – – – – – – – 16.23 16.22 – – – – – – – – – – – – 20.00 19.00 – – – – – – – – – – – – 30.00 20.59 – – – – – – – – – – – – 36.83 30.00 – – – – – – – – – – 16.92 15.32 11.96 10.33 13.37 11.95 15.98 14.04 19.11 17.47 24.52 22.09 – 10.59 – 7.00 – 8.38 – 8.76 – 14.00 – 15.25 17.04 16.21 11.95 9.25 14.75 10.00 12.25 14.75 10.89 16.90 15.98 11.87 20.88 17.29 13.22 25.85 18.01 14.09 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 11.87 19.78 6.57 15.63 8.48 16.98 12.14 18.13 14.89 22.05 16.25 25.00 – – – – – – – – – – – – 24.55 13.75 16.41 21.91 30.49 38.13 – – – – – – 28.76 16.77 21.46 25.65 33.78 39.61 – – – – – – 25.00 25.77 18.14 14.90 18.14 19.39 23.81 24.06 32.06 27.73 34.49 39.90 – – – – – – – – – – – – 23.20 16.77 21.91 21.91 26.60 35.21 – – – – – – 26.17 23.04 32.17 19.06 20.03 16.83 19.63 16.04 16.48 12.25 14.66 12.36 21.46 16.04 21.63 14.42 15.94 13.40 24.12 23.08 29.62 16.88 18.46 15.38 32.33 28.72 36.56 21.06 22.71 19.52 32.33 28.72 50.48 29.31 29.31 22.81 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 28.70 14.09 17.31 37.36 39.90 45.48 – – – – – – 17.21 14.74 18.28 25.46 12.25 6.50 8.28 15.38 12.93 8.00 12.12 19.23 16.59 11.76 17.90 21.61 19.18 19.23 20.19 28.85 27.96 25.24 28.13 39.42 – 6.38 – – – 5.15 – – – 5.40 – – – 6.03 – – – 7.00 – – – 8.00 – – See footnotes at end of table. 10 Table A-3. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, full-time and part-time workers2, all industries, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1997 — Continued All industries Full-time Occupation3 Percentiles Mean 10 White-collar occupations (-Continued) Sales occupations (-Continued) Sales occupations, other business services ........................................ $11.41 Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing, and wholesale ...... 27.22 Sales workers, other commodities ...... – Cashiers ............................................. 6.81 Administrative support occupations, including clerical ...................................................... 11.71 Supervisors, general office ................. 14.76 Computer operators ............................ 10.91 Secretaries ......................................... 12.73 Receptionists ...................................... 9.54 Order clerks ........................................ 14.33 Records clerks, N.E.C. ....................... 11.48 Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ............................................ 10.97 Dispatchers ......................................... 12.98 Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks 8.41 Stock and inventory clerks .................. 9.00 Insurance adjusters, examiners, & investigators ................................. 17.25 Investigators and adjusters except insurance ...................................... 11.28 Bill and account collectors .................. 11.61 General office clerks ........................... 10.56 Data entry keyers ............................... 9.65 Teachers’ aides .................................. 9.59 Administrative support occupations, N.E.C. ........................................... 12.53 Blue-collar occupations ................................... Precision production, craft, and repair occupations .............................................. Supervisors, mechanics and repairers Bus, truck, and stationary engine mechanics .................................... Industrial machinery repairers ............ Mechanics and repairers, N.E.C. ........ Electricians ......................................... Supervisors, production occupations .. Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ................................................. Printing press operators ..................... Slicing and cutting machine operators Miscellaneous machine operators, N.E.C. ........................................... Production inspectors, checkers and examiners ..................................... Transportation and material moving occupations .............................................. Supervisors, motor vehicle operators Truck drivers ....................................... Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators ...................................... Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ..................................................... Supervisors, handlers, equipment cleaners, and laborers, N.E.C. ..... Production helpers .............................. Stock handlers and baggers ............... Part-time 25 Median 50 Percentiles Mean 75 90 $12.50 $18.51 10 25 Median 50 75 90 – – – – – – $8.17 $8.17 $10.73 11.13 – 5.25 11.66 – 5.60 23.93 – 6.50 31.78 – 7.31 56.25 – 9.00 – $7.04 5.95 – $5.75 5.15 – $6.06 5.20 – $6.50 5.67 – $7.30 6.25 – $8.88 7.30 7.93 11.89 7.50 9.20 7.93 10.75 9.02 9.28 12.82 7.50 11.00 8.55 12.65 10.35 11.21 15.42 10.00 12.86 9.48 13.62 11.36 13.55 16.15 14.59 14.37 10.63 16.98 12.70 16.15 16.44 14.59 15.94 11.06 17.08 13.15 8.75 – – 12.04 – – – 6.00 – – 6.80 – – – 6.76 – – 7.31 – – – 7.55 – – 14.70 – – – 10.15 – – 14.70 – – – 14.70 – – 14.70 – – – 8.41 10.01 6.00 7.62 9.50 10.47 6.50 8.33 10.70 11.62 7.50 9.00 12.20 15.40 8.50 9.50 14.06 19.03 11.58 10.98 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 10.26 12.00 15.57 22.46 25.38 – – – – – – 8.00 6.30 7.70 7.93 6.79 8.63 9.63 8.61 8.87 7.86 11.76 12.02 9.84 9.93 9.28 13.12 12.95 11.96 10.26 12.06 13.60 15.20 14.83 10.77 12.06 – – 7.93 7.34 – – – 6.00 6.20 – – – 6.50 6.50 – – – 7.16 7.00 – – – 9.00 8.00 – – – 11.44 9.00 – 9.14 10.46 12.23 14.01 16.93 6.78 5.15 6.00 7.00 7.50 7.55 13.97 7.54 10.00 13.01 16.76 21.28 6.92 5.25 5.50 6.25 7.50 9.02 16.43 21.56 9.75 14.00 12.31 14.38 16.00 21.79 20.02 28.70 24.76 29.66 – – – – – – – – – – – – 14.42 19.91 13.80 16.92 24.02 11.00 12.26 8.50 12.63 15.00 13.63 15.39 10.50 15.00 19.23 14.63 21.25 14.70 18.25 22.81 16.10 26.14 16.70 18.25 29.66 17.00 26.14 21.08 19.43 31.48 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 14.01 15.01 12.09 7.75 8.89 6.00 10.80 13.24 11.89 13.25 15.61 13.01 17.22 17.13 13.01 20.20 18.63 15.19 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 16.94 9.75 12.82 17.77 20.20 24.36 – – – – – – 12.85 9.40 10.39 11.10 17.19 17.36 – – – – – – 11.87 13.65 11.01 7.75 11.24 8.53 9.45 11.24 9.10 11.25 12.00 10.00 13.60 14.58 12.10 16.42 18.61 15.50 9.25 – – 6.75 – – 7.50 – – 8.00 – – 10.43 – – 13.72 – – 13.58 9.49 11.31 12.66 15.19 20.73 – – – – – – 10.94 6.40 7.88 10.00 12.72 16.21 6.41 5.20 5.35 5.83 6.84 7.75 13.25 10.37 12.55 9.71 6.25 7.36 9.71 7.50 8.82 10.60 10.30 11.71 12.56 12.72 13.32 17.10 16.05 21.90 – – 5.94 – – 5.15 – – 5.35 – – 5.65 – – 6.25 – – 7.50 See footnotes at end of table. 11 Table A-3. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, full-time and part-time workers2, all industries, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1997 — Continued All industries Full-time Occupation3 Percentiles Mean 10 Blue-collar occupations (-Continued) Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers (-Continued) Freight, stock, and material handlers, N.E.C. ........................................... $11.43 Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners ........................................ 9.25 Hand packers and packagers ............. 11.61 Laborers except construction, N.E.C. 9.78 Service occupations ......................................... Protective service occupations ............... Police and detectives, public service .. Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement officers ..................... Food service occupations ....................... Waiters and waitresses ...................... Kitchen workers, food preparation ...... Food preparation occupations, N.E.C. Health service occupations ..................... Health aides, except nursing .............. Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants ..................................... Cleaning and building service occupations ...................................... Supervisors, cleaning & building service workers ............................. Maids and housemen ......................... Janitors and cleaners ......................... Personal service occupations ................. Part-time 25 Median 50 Percentiles Mean 75 90 $13.70 $14.75 10 25 $9.51 $5.30 $5.50 Median 50 75 90 $7.88 $8.65 $11.85 5.77 10.64 6.50 6.00 10.98 7.50 7.00 11.58 8.75 16.36 11.79 10.92 17.19 12.80 13.93 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 9.67 13.49 15.63 5.70 7.50 12.36 6.73 10.04 13.89 8.33 12.48 15.73 11.50 16.31 16.94 15.33 20.27 19.50 5.83 7.26 – 2.13 5.70 – 5.15 6.45 – 5.50 7.10 – 6.68 7.15 – 8.00 7.75 – 12.97 7.43 – 7.93 7.62 7.70 8.54 11.00 3.14 – 6.00 5.15 6.00 6.20 11.00 5.55 – 6.03 5.88 6.50 7.16 12.02 7.05 – 7.65 7.19 7.37 8.73 15.70 9.24 – 9.84 9.25 8.65 9.45 16.41 12.02 – 10.00 9.41 9.84 10.71 – 5.47 3.78 6.55 5.82 6.18 – – 2.13 2.13 5.50 5.15 5.15 – – 2.13 2.13 5.50 5.15 5.30 – – 5.50 2.13 6.25 5.25 5.50 – – 7.00 7.50 7.15 6.25 6.25 – – 8.50 8.00 8.00 7.00 8.01 – 7.48 6.00 6.47 7.32 8.06 9.63 5.88 5.15 5.25 5.50 6.00 7.77 7.78 5.30 6.00 7.36 8.38 11.19 5.66 5.05 5.15 5.25 5.86 7.00 11.10 6.03 7.75 9.34 7.50 5.25 5.51 7.00 8.15 5.30 6.41 7.37 12.00 5.75 7.49 9.63 12.01 6.69 8.45 11.00 15.00 7.45 10.24 12.58 – – 5.46 6.47 – – 5.05 5.25 – – 5.15 5.51 – – 5.25 6.00 – – 5.50 6.63 – – 6.25 7.69 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, hazard pay, and on-call pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 90th percentiles designate position in the earnings distribution. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the workers receive the same as or more than the rate shown, and half receive the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of the workers earn the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 75th percentile, one-fourth earn the same as or more than the rate shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based $6.00 $16.20 $17.88 on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified." 12 Table A-4. Weekly and annual earnings1 and hours for selected occupations, full-time workers only2, all industries, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1997 All industries Occupation3 Mean weekly hours4 Weekly earnings Mean Median Mean annual hours Annual earnings Mean Median All occupations ....................................................................... All occupations excluding sales ............................................ 40.2 40.2 $651 654 $562 562 2,043 2,038 $33,065 33,200 $28,787 29,016 White-collar occupations ................................................... White-collar occupations excluding sales ......................... 40.2 40.1 740 756 639 651 2,038 2,031 37,519 38,255 32,195 32,994 Professional specialty and technical occupations ............ Professional specialty occupations ............................... Engineers, architects, and surveyors ....................... Mechanical engineers ........................................... Engineers, N.E.C. ................................................. Mathematical and computer scientists ..................... Computer systems analysts and scientists ........... Operations and systems researchers and analysts .......................................................... Natural scientists ...................................................... Health related occupations ....................................... Registered nurses ................................................ Teachers, college and university .............................. Teachers, except college and university .................. Elementary school teachers ................................. Secondary school teachers .................................. Librarians, archivists, and curators ........................... Librarians .............................................................. Social scientists and urban planners ........................ Social, recreation, and religious workers .................. Social workers ...................................................... Lawyers and judges .................................................. Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and professionals, N.E.C. .......................................... Technical occupations .................................................. Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians Radiological technicians ....................................... Licensed practical nurses ..................................... Health technologists and technicians, N.E.C. ....... Computer programmers ....................................... Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ... Executives, administrators, and managers ............... Administrators and officials, public administration Financial managers .............................................. Managers., marketing, advertising and public relations .......................................................... Administrators, education and related fields ......... Managers, medicine and health ........................... Managers and administrators, N.E.C. .................. Management related occupations ............................ Accountants and auditors ..................................... Other financial officers .......................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists ....................................................... Management related occupations, N.E.C. ............ Sales occupations ............................................................ Supervisors, sales occupations ............................ Insurance sales occupations ................................ Sales occupations, other business services ......... Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing, and wholesale ................................................. Cashiers ............................................................... Administrative support occupations, including clerical ..... Supervisors, general office ................................... Computer operators .............................................. Secretaries ........................................................... Receptionists ........................................................ Order clerks .......................................................... Records clerks, N.E.C. ......................................... Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ...... Dispatchers ........................................................... 40.4 40.5 39.9 40.4 40.0 40.6 40.9 881 956 1,060 1,182 1,061 1,039 1,062 803 878 1,058 1,179 1,025 956 1,028 1,993 1,971 2,077 2,101 2,080 2,109 2,125 43,482 46,517 55,119 61,488 55,183 54,014 55,203 40,518 42,497 54,995 61,308 53,310 49,691 53,477 39.0 40.0 39.7 39.8 47.9 37.9 38.3 38.6 38.2 38.2 – 39.7 39.7 – 907 842 806 744 1,594 829 874 889 755 755 – 567 561 – 913 858 782 744 1,687 820 844 889 744 744 – 575 562 – 2,030 2,082 2,025 2,071 2,057 1,607 1,583 1,616 1,792 1,792 – 2,065 2,065 – 47,185 43,786 41,124 38,713 68,509 35,148 36,162 37,244 35,421 35,421 – 29,500 29,172 – 47,466 44,637 40,373 38,670 66,204 34,423 34,574 36,196 34,145 34,145 – 29,910 29,203 – 39.9 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.2 40.8 41.8 39.7 44.4 675 612 681 648 478 475 795 1,003 1,202 993 1,144 639 559 676 639 475 486 769 871 1,096 952 984 2,073 2,078 2,080 2,080 2,080 2,080 2,091 2,109 2,150 2,066 2,307 35,080 31,847 35,437 33,719 24,848 24,690 41,362 51,780 61,839 51,656 59,465 33,238 29,078 35,152 33,238 24,690 25,251 39,998 45,302 56,966 49,525 51,147 44.7 39.6 39.8 41.5 39.6 40.0 39.3 1,037 1,037 917 1,336 755 801 662 1,096 935 923 1,222 675 740 615 2,325 1,992 2,070 2,159 2,057 2,080 2,045 53,938 52,146 47,676 69,455 39,194 41,675 34,420 56,966 45,758 48,006 63,551 35,110 38,501 31,990 40.0 39.2 40.7 42.2 40.5 40.0 1,148 674 600 771 1,032 456 1,494 646 469 716 810 429 2,080 2,022 2,106 2,194 2,107 2,080 59,683 34,799 31,040 40,109 53,652 23,735 77,709 33,404 24,378 37,232 42,140 22,318 41.2 36.5 39.4 39.6 40.0 39.6 39.9 39.5 39.4 39.3 41.6 1,121 249 462 584 436 504 381 566 452 432 540 1,081 240 442 606 400 514 379 523 448 421 451 2,141 1,813 2,027 2,058 2,080 2,044 2,073 2,055 2,048 2,045 2,163 58,300 12,340 23,745 30,363 22,695 26,016 19,787 29,434 23,513 22,444 28,079 56,219 12,480 22,880 31,493 20,800 26,749 19,718 27,206 23,296 21,882 23,462 See footnotes at end of table. 13 Table A-4. Weekly and annual earnings1 and hours for selected occupations, full-time workers only2, all industries, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1997 — Continued All industries Occupation3 Mean Median Mean annual hours 39.8 40.0 38.8 39.2 39.7 39.7 38.7 34.8 39.3 $335 360 669 442 461 419 374 333 492 $300 360 581 460 481 394 385 328 490 2,071 2,080 2,017 2,040 2,063 2,062 2,012 1,426 2,008 $17,409 18,718 34,800 23,005 23,947 21,771 19,423 13,667 25,151 $15,600 18,720 30,225 23,927 25,002 20,467 20,007 13,443 25,276 Blue-collar occupations ..................................................... Precision production, craft, and repair occupations .......... Supervisors, mechanics and repairers ................. Bus, truck, and stationary engine mechanics ....... Industrial machinery repairers .............................. Mechanics and repairers, N.E.C. .......................... Electricians ........................................................... Supervisors, production occupations .................... Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .............. Printing press operators ....................................... Slicing and cutting machine operators .................. Miscellaneous machine operators, N.E.C. ........... Production inspectors, checkers and examiners .. Transportation and material moving occupations ............. Supervisors, motor vehicle operators ................... Truck drivers ......................................................... Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators .. Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ...... Supervisors, handlers, equipment cleaners, and laborers, N.E.C. .............................................. Production helpers ................................................ Stock handlers and baggers ................................. Freight, stock, and material handlers, N.E.C. ....... Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners ............ Hand packers and packagers ............................... Laborers except construction, N.E.C. ................... 40.3 40.2 39.8 41.0 40.1 40.0 40.0 40.4 39.9 39.1 40.0 40.0 39.8 41.4 44.8 43.3 40.4 40.2 563 660 859 591 798 552 677 971 560 586 484 677 511 491 611 477 549 440 530 645 872 576 850 588 730 912 530 624 520 711 444 477 562 412 506 400 2,056 2,074 2,071 2,130 2,084 2,078 2,080 2,101 2,077 2,032 2,080 2,080 2,069 1,961 2,327 2,051 2,102 2,065 28,717 34,082 44,647 30,706 41,491 28,690 35,190 50,484 29,106 30,486 25,148 35,226 26,592 23,284 31,775 22,588 28,548 22,596 27,394 33,280 45,323 29,952 44,200 30,576 37,960 47,445 27,560 32,469 27,061 36,962 23,088 23,400 29,224 20,800 26,333 20,550 40.9 39.6 40.0 39.8 41.3 40.2 40.0 542 411 502 455 382 467 391 480 412 468 474 280 463 350 2,127 2,061 2,080 2,069 2,149 2,090 2,025 28,171 21,363 26,112 23,659 19,874 24,258 19,804 24,960 21,403 24,357 24,648 14,560 24,086 18,200 Service occupations ........................................................... Protective service occupations ................................. Police and detectives, public service .................... Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement officers ............................................................ Food service occupations ......................................... Kitchen workers, food preparation ........................ Food preparation occupations, N.E.C. ................. Health service occupations ....................................... Health aides, except nursing ................................ Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants ............... Cleaning and building service occupations .............. Supervisors, cleaning & building service workers Maids and housemen ........................................... Janitors and cleaners ........................................... Personal service occupations ................................... 39.9 41.0 39.2 386 553 613 330 525 584 2,033 2,040 2,036 19,658 27,515 31,815 16,952 26,146 30,368 40.0 39.4 40.0 35.0 39.4 40.0 39.3 39.7 39.9 38.6 40.0 39.4 519 293 317 267 304 342 294 309 443 233 310 368 481 286 306 260 295 349 282 294 480 230 300 385 2,080 1,969 2,080 1,512 2,050 2,080 2,043 2,052 2,073 2,006 2,062 2,048 26,975 14,640 16,496 11,519 15,783 17,765 15,289 15,956 23,015 12,108 15,972 19,118 25,002 14,269 15,912 9,959 15,330 18,158 14,685 15,246 24,960 11,960 15,392 20,030 White-collar occupations (-Continued) Administrative support occupations, including clerical (-Continued) Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks ................... Stock and inventory clerks .................................... Insurance adjusters, examiners, & investigators .. Investigators and adjusters except insurance ...... Bill and account collectors .................................... General office clerks ............................................. Data entry keyers ................................................. Teachers’ aides .................................................... Administrative support occupations, N.E.C. ......... Mean weekly hours4 1 Earnings are the straight-time wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, hazard pay, and on-call pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. The median designates position--one-half of the workers receive the same as or more, and one-half receive the same as or less than the rate shown. 2 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where Weekly earnings Annual earnings Mean Median a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. 4 Mean weekly hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a week, exclusive of overtime. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified." 14 Table B-1. Mean hourly earnings1 by occupational group and levels2, all industries, private industry, State and local government, full-time and part-time workers, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1997 All workers 4 All industries All industries Private industry State and local government Full-time workers Part-time workers All occupations ....................................................................... All occupations excluding sales ............................................ $15.27 15.45 $14.74 14.94 $16.62 16.62 $16.19 16.29 $8.11 8.37 White-collar occupations ................................................... Level 1 .............................................................. Level 2 .............................................................. Level 3 .............................................................. Level 4 .............................................................. Level 5 .............................................................. Level 6 .............................................................. Level 7 .............................................................. Level 8 .............................................................. Level 9 .............................................................. Level 10 ............................................................ Level 11 ............................................................ Level 12 ............................................................ Level 13 ............................................................ Not able to be leveled ....................................... White-collar occupations excluding sales ......................... Level 2 .............................................................. Level 3 .............................................................. Level 4 .............................................................. Level 5 .............................................................. Level 6 .............................................................. Level 7 .............................................................. Level 8 .............................................................. Level 9 .............................................................. Level 10 ............................................................ Level 11 ............................................................ Level 12 ............................................................ Level 13 ............................................................ Not able to be leveled ....................................... 17.60 6.06 7.59 8.58 10.34 13.06 13.64 15.18 17.84 21.54 22.85 26.45 32.57 36.52 26.53 18.23 8.17 8.85 10.89 12.45 13.87 14.95 18.04 21.54 22.84 26.44 31.42 36.52 26.58 17.25 6.06 7.49 8.43 10.22 13.92 13.57 16.24 17.54 21.76 22.97 28.70 34.60 39.43 28.59 18.21 8.40 8.74 10.91 12.98 13.96 15.94 17.75 21.79 22.96 28.73 32.61 39.43 28.66 18.25 – 7.86 9.21 10.83 11.96 13.75 13.46 18.49 21.30 22.61 23.05 30.35 – – 18.27 7.74 9.21 10.83 11.96 13.75 13.46 18.49 21.30 22.61 23.05 30.35 – – 18.41 – 8.31 8.83 10.76 13.14 13.64 15.13 17.87 21.49 22.85 26.36 32.57 36.52 28.46 18.84 8.79 9.03 11.23 12.49 13.91 14.89 18.11 21.50 22.84 26.36 31.42 36.52 28.46 10.07 6.03 6.50 7.88 7.58 11.21 13.65 17.21 17.55 23.31 – – – – 7.76 11.36 7.00 8.24 8.15 11.62 13.65 17.21 17.55 23.31 – – – – 7.77 Professional specialty and technical occupations ............ Professional specialty occupations ............................... Level 5 .............................................................. Level 6 .............................................................. Level 7 .............................................................. Level 8 .............................................................. Level 9 .............................................................. Level 10 ............................................................ Level 11 ............................................................ Level 12 ............................................................ Level 13 ............................................................ Not able to be leveled ....................................... Engineers, architects, and surveyors ....................... Level 9 .............................................................. Level 11 ............................................................ Mathematical and computer scientists ..................... Level 9 .............................................................. Level 11 ............................................................ Natural scientists ...................................................... Health related occupations ....................................... Level 7 .............................................................. Level 8 .............................................................. Level 9 .............................................................. Teachers, college and university .............................. Teachers, except college and university .................. Level 8 .............................................................. Level 9 .............................................................. Librarians, archivists, and curators ........................... Social scientists and urban planners ........................ Social, religious, and recreation workers .................. Lawyers and judges .................................................. 21.60 23.38 13.54 14.47 17.29 19.16 21.58 22.68 26.11 30.90 35.99 25.83 26.54 21.62 31.84 24.63 18.31 26.62 21.03 20.74 17.87 18.58 21.12 32.85 21.76 20.85 22.85 19.58 – 14.53 – 21.22 23.48 – – 17.76 20.59 21.47 23.17 29.69 33.93 – 26.53 28.48 23.21 31.84 27.34 18.31 26.91 22.62 19.68 17.89 18.80 21.98 – 11.29 – – – – – – 21.92 23.30 – – 14.64 18.55 21.62 21.81 22.95 – – – – – – – – – – 22.65 – – – – 22.85 – 23.03 19.93 – 14.62 – 21.82 23.60 13.88 13.93 17.20 19.57 21.51 22.68 25.94 30.90 35.99 26.14 26.54 21.62 31.84 25.61 18.31 26.62 21.03 20.31 17.69 18.70 20.55 33.31 21.87 20.85 22.86 19.77 – 14.28 – 18.00 19.71 – – 18.21 – 23.31 – – – – – – – – – – – – 23.89 19.31 – 24.40 – – – – – – – – Occupational group3 and level See footnotes at end of table. 15 Table B-1. Mean hourly earnings1 by occupational group and levels2, all industries, private industry, State and local government, full-time and part-time workers, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1997 — Continued All workers 4 All industries All industries Private industry State and local government Full-time workers Part-time workers White-collar occupations (-Continued) Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and professionals, N.E.C. .......................................... Technical occupations .................................................. Level 4 .............................................................. Level 5 .............................................................. Level 6 .............................................................. Level 7 .............................................................. Level 9 .............................................................. Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ... Level 5 .............................................................. Level 6 .............................................................. Level 7 .............................................................. Level 8 .............................................................. Level 9 .............................................................. Level 10 ............................................................ Level 11 ............................................................ Level 12 ............................................................ Level 13 ............................................................ Not able to be leveled ....................................... Executives, administrators, and managers ............... Level 8 .............................................................. Level 9 .............................................................. Level 11 ............................................................ Level 12 ............................................................ Level 13 ............................................................ Not able to be leveled ....................................... Management related occupations ............................ Level 5 .............................................................. Level 6 .............................................................. Level 7 .............................................................. Level 8 .............................................................. Level 9 .............................................................. Level 11 ............................................................ Sales occupations ............................................................ Level 1 .............................................................. Level 2 .............................................................. Level 3 .............................................................. Level 4 .............................................................. Level 5 .............................................................. Level 7 .............................................................. Level 8 .............................................................. Level 9 .............................................................. Administrative support occupations, including clerical ..... Level 2 .............................................................. Level 3 .............................................................. Level 4 .............................................................. Level 5 .............................................................. Level 6 .............................................................. Level 7 .............................................................. Level 8 .............................................................. $16.72 15.09 10.19 12.24 17.08 14.44 18.97 24.51 14.21 13.41 14.38 15.90 22.06 21.62 26.62 31.98 37.81 31.02 28.66 15.29 25.12 27.02 30.22 37.81 31.83 19.06 13.72 14.39 14.27 16.68 19.49 25.05 13.00 5.94 6.20 7.13 8.67 16.23 19.92 17.03 21.41 11.27 8.17 8.85 10.94 12.15 13.40 13.86 19.97 $18.04 15.62 10.68 12.50 17.61 15.26 19.63 25.51 14.34 13.40 15.07 15.90 22.36 – 27.99 32.13 42.71 32.06 29.74 15.29 25.88 29.11 29.50 42.71 – 20.08 13.84 14.42 15.39 16.68 19.32 25.00 13.01 5.94 5.99 7.13 8.67 16.23 19.92 17.03 21.41 11.20 8.40 8.74 10.92 12.67 13.16 14.76 20.34 – $14.26 – – – 13.73 – 20.82 – – 13.45 – 19.83 – 23.25 – – – 24.85 – – 23.16 – – – 14.96 – – 12.87 – – – – – – – – – – – – 11.39 7.74 9.21 10.98 11.69 – – – $16.92 15.32 10.76 12.14 17.22 14.48 18.97 24.55 14.21 13.54 14.38 15.90 22.06 21.62 26.62 31.98 37.81 31.15 28.76 15.29 25.12 27.02 30.22 37.81 – 19.06 13.72 14.39 14.27 16.68 19.49 25.05 14.74 – 6.77 7.30 9.18 16.55 19.92 17.03 21.41 11.71 8.79 9.02 11.26 12.19 13.40 13.86 19.97 – $10.59 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 6.38 5.89 – 6.91 – – – – – 8.75 7.00 8.27 8.10 – – – – Blue-collar occupations ......................................................... Level 1 .............................................................. Level 2 .............................................................. Level 3 .............................................................. Level 4 .............................................................. Level 5 .............................................................. Level 6 .............................................................. Level 7 .............................................................. Level 8 .............................................................. Level 9 .............................................................. Precision production, craft, and repair occupations .......... Level 4 .............................................................. 13.62 7.49 9.11 10.77 12.39 13.67 14.74 16.67 18.18 25.76 16.43 10.47 13.73 7.48 9.12 10.76 12.50 13.73 15.17 17.07 18.32 25.76 16.76 10.47 12.35 – – – – – 11.93 14.69 – – 14.02 – 13.97 7.75 10.19 11.01 12.45 13.70 14.74 16.67 18.18 25.76 16.43 10.47 6.92 – 6.26 8.30 – – – – – – – – Occupational group3 and level See footnotes at end of table. 16 Table B-1. Mean hourly earnings1 by occupational group and levels2, all industries, private industry, State and local government, full-time and part-time workers, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1997 — Continued All workers 4 All industries All industries Private industry State and local government Full-time workers Part-time workers Blue-collar occupations (-Continued) Precision production, craft, and repair occupations (-Continued) Level 5 .............................................................. Level 6 .............................................................. Level 7 .............................................................. Level 8 .............................................................. Level 9 .............................................................. Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .............. Level 1 .............................................................. Level 2 .............................................................. Level 3 .............................................................. Level 4 .............................................................. Level 5 .............................................................. Level 6 .............................................................. Level 7 .............................................................. Transportation and material moving occupations ............. Level 3 .............................................................. Level 4 .............................................................. Level 5 .............................................................. Level 7 .............................................................. Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ..... Level 1 .............................................................. Level 2 .............................................................. Level 3 .............................................................. Level 4 .............................................................. Level 5 .............................................................. Level 6 .............................................................. $12.36 14.63 17.15 18.69 25.31 14.01 6.89 9.70 13.65 14.61 15.79 15.44 14.28 11.71 9.72 12.56 11.74 14.42 10.20 7.85 9.14 9.35 10.11 15.11 13.45 $12.52 15.36 17.74 18.87 25.31 14.01 6.89 9.70 13.65 14.61 15.79 15.44 14.28 11.87 9.52 13.09 11.76 14.42 10.21 7.86 9.14 9.35 10.13 15.11 – – – $14.66 – – – – – – – – – – 10.57 – – – – 10.09 – – – – – – $12.36 14.63 17.15 18.69 25.31 14.01 6.89 9.75 13.65 14.61 15.79 15.44 14.28 11.87 9.52 12.75 11.79 14.42 10.94 8.49 10.75 9.67 10.15 15.11 13.45 – – – – – – – – – – – – – $9.25 – – – – 6.41 – 6.00 7.65 – – – Service occupations ........................................................... Level 1 .............................................................. Level 2 .............................................................. Level 3 .............................................................. Level 4 .............................................................. Level 5 .............................................................. Level 6 .............................................................. Level 7 .............................................................. Protective service occupations ............................... Level 5 .............................................................. Level 6 .............................................................. Level 7 .............................................................. Food service occupations ........................................ Level 1 .............................................................. Level 2 .............................................................. Level 3 .............................................................. 8.51 5.80 6.12 7.77 8.00 12.98 12.17 13.67 13.29 14.39 12.46 16.11 6.39 5.58 4.64 8.00 6.76 5.60 5.81 7.33 7.86 – – 13.30 8.54 – – – 6.27 5.45 4.39 7.97 11.63 6.94 – 8.55 – 13.63 12.26 13.80 15.00 14.52 12.26 16.12 – – – – 9.67 6.25 6.97 8.24 7.95 13.17 12.19 13.66 13.49 14.39 12.46 16.12 7.43 5.85 5.84 – 5.83 5.38 4.89 6.96 8.19 – – – 7.26 – – – 5.47 5.40 3.73 7.81 Occupational group3 and level See footnotes at end of table. 17 Table B-1. Mean hourly earnings1 by occupational group and levels2, all industries, private industry, State and local government, full-time and part-time workers, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1997 — Continued All workers 4 Occupational group3 and level Service occupations (-Continued) Health service occupations ..................................... Level 2 .............................................................. Level 3 .............................................................. Level 4 .............................................................. Cleaning and building service occupations ............ Level 1 .............................................................. Level 2 .............................................................. Level 3 .............................................................. Personal service occupations ................................. Level 3 .............................................................. 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, hazard pay, and on-call pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. 2 Each occupation for which wage data are collected in an establishment is evaluated based on 10 factors, including knowledge, complexity, work environment, etc. Points are assigned based on the occupation’s ranking within each factor. The points are summed to determine the overall level of the occupation. See technical note for more information. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. All industries All industries Private industry State and local government Full-time workers Part-time workers $7.13 5.80 7.67 7.48 7.20 6.17 6.87 6.77 8.58 8.04 $6.89 5.80 7.19 7.48 6.75 5.91 6.11 6.77 6.62 6.89 – – – – $8.11 – – – 9.90 – $7.70 – 8.15 7.25 7.78 6.81 7.02 – 9.34 – $6.18 – – – 5.66 – – – 6.47 6.42 4 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified." IN THIS SURVEY, THE NONRESPONSE RATE FOR PRIVATE INDUSTRY EXCEEDED REGULAR SURVEY STANDARDS FOR PUBLICATION. ACCORDINGLY, USERS SHOULD INTERPRET THESE RESULTS WITH THIS LIMITATION IN MIND. 18 Table B-2. Mean hourly earnings1 for selected occupations and levels2, all industries, private industry, State and local government, full-time and part-time workers, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1997 All workers4 Occupation3 and level White-collar occupations: Professional specialty and technical occupations: Professional specialty occupations: Mechanical engineers ........................................... Engineers, N.E.C. ................................................. Computer systems analysts and scientists ........... Level 11 ............................................................ Operations and systems researchers and analysts .......................................................... Registered nurses ................................................ Level 7 .............................................................. Level 8 .............................................................. Level 9 .............................................................. Physical therapists ................................................ Level 9 .............................................................. Elementary school teachers ................................. Level 9 .............................................................. Secondary school teachers .................................. Level 9 .............................................................. Librarians .............................................................. Social workers ...................................................... Technical occupations: Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians Radiological technicians ....................................... Licensed practical nurses ..................................... Health technologists and technicians, N.E.C. ....... Computer programmers ....................................... Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations: Administrators and officials, public administration Financial managers .............................................. Level 11 ............................................................ Managers., marketing, advertising and public relations .......................................................... Administrators, education and related fields ......... Managers, medicine and health ........................... Managers and administrators, N.E.C. .................. Level 8 .............................................................. Level 9 .............................................................. Level 11 ............................................................ Level 13 ............................................................ Accountants and auditors ..................................... Level 7 .............................................................. Level 9 .............................................................. Level 11 ............................................................ Other financial officers .......................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists ....................................................... Management related occupations, N.E.C. ............ Level 9 .............................................................. Sales occupations: Supervisors, sales occupations ............................ Level 8 .............................................................. Insurance sales occupations ................................ Sales occupations, other business services ......... Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing, and wholesale ................................................. Sales workers, other commodities ........................ Cashiers ............................................................... Level 3 .............................................................. Sales support occupations, N.E.C. ....................... Administrative support occupations, including clerical: Supervisors, general office ................................... Computer operators .............................................. Secretaries ........................................................... Level 3 .............................................................. See footnotes at end of table. 19 All industries All industries Private industry State and local government Full-time workers Part-time workers $29.27 26.53 24.78 26.62 $29.27 26.53 28.01 26.91 – – – – $29.27 26.53 25.98 26.62 – – – – 23.24 18.84 17.87 18.90 19.03 25.46 25.46 22.79 23.12 23.02 23.05 19.58 14.41 – 18.35 17.89 18.86 19.94 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – $23.06 23.20 23.16 – 19.93 14.62 23.24 18.69 17.69 18.91 18.66 – – 22.84 23.12 23.05 23.10 19.77 14.13 – $19.89 19.31 – – – – – – – – – – 17.04 16.14 12.01 11.91 19.78 12.46 16.02 11.95 11.06 20.30 – – – – – 17.04 16.21 11.95 11.87 19.78 – – – – – 25.00 25.77 27.32 – 25.77 27.32 25.60 – – 25.00 25.77 27.32 – – – 23.20 26.17 23.04 31.91 15.55 26.28 29.52 43.96 20.03 15.97 20.42 24.51 16.83 23.20 – 22.56 32.27 15.55 26.97 29.52 43.96 20.37 16.21 20.81 24.42 15.04 – 25.57 – – – – – – 17.82 – – – – 23.20 26.17 23.04 32.17 15.55 26.28 29.52 43.96 20.03 15.97 20.42 24.51 16.83 – – – – – – – – – – – – – 28.70 17.21 18.71 28.70 17.35 18.71 – – – 28.70 17.21 18.71 – – – 18.20 15.88 25.46 11.41 18.20 15.88 25.46 11.41 – – – – 18.28 15.88 25.46 11.41 – – – – 27.22 – 6.32 6.91 13.76 27.22 – 6.23 6.91 13.76 – – – – – 27.22 – 6.81 – – – 7.04 5.95 – – 14.76 10.91 12.62 8.41 14.68 – 12.15 – 14.76 10.91 12.73 – – – 12.04 – – – 12.92 – Table B-2. Mean hourly earnings1 for selected occupations and levels2, all industries, private industry, State and local government, full-time and part-time workers, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1997 — Continued All workers4 Occupation3 and level White-collar occupations: (-Continued) Administrative support occupations, including clerical: (-Continued) Secretaries (-Continued) Level 4 .............................................................. Level 5 .............................................................. Level 6 .............................................................. Receptionists ........................................................ Level 3 .............................................................. Information clerks, N.E.C. ..................................... Order clerks .......................................................... Library clerks ........................................................ Records clerks, N.E.C. ......................................... Level 4 .............................................................. Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ...... Level 4 .............................................................. Dispatchers ........................................................... Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks ................... Level 3 .............................................................. Stock and inventory clerks .................................... Level 3 .............................................................. Insurance adjusters, examiners, & investigators .. Investigators and adjusters except insurance ...... Bill and account collectors .................................... General office clerks ............................................. Level 2 .............................................................. Level 3 .............................................................. Level 4 .............................................................. Data entry keyers ................................................. Level 2 .............................................................. Teachers’ aides .................................................... Administrative support occupations, N.E.C. ......... Level 6 .............................................................. Blue-collar occupations: Precision production, craft, and repair occupations: Supervisors, mechanics and repairers ................. Bus, truck, and stationary engine mechanics ....... Industrial machinery repairers .............................. Level 7 .............................................................. Mechanics and repairers, N.E.C. .......................... Level 7 .............................................................. Electricians ........................................................... Level 7 .............................................................. Supervisors, production occupations .................... Level 7 .............................................................. Level 9 .............................................................. Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors: Printing press operators ....................................... Slicing and cutting machine operators .................. Miscellaneous machine operators, N.E.C. ........... Level 4 .............................................................. Level 5 .............................................................. Production inspectors, checkers and examiners .. Transportation and material moving occupations: Supervisors, motor vehicle operators ................... Truck drivers ......................................................... Level 5 .............................................................. Bus drivers ............................................................ Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators .. Level 3 .............................................................. Level 4 .............................................................. Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers: Supervisors, handlers, equipment cleaners, and laborers, N.E.C. .............................................. See footnotes at end of table. 20 All industries All industries Private industry State and local government Full-time workers Part-time workers $11.27 12.47 14.00 9.55 9.52 9.89 12.57 7.39 11.41 9.79 10.81 9.63 12.94 8.19 6.88 8.97 8.52 17.25 11.28 11.61 10.10 8.82 9.06 10.86 9.12 8.12 9.69 11.46 13.58 $10.70 – – 9.55 9.52 9.89 12.57 – 11.19 – 10.28 9.63 – 8.19 6.88 8.75 – 17.25 11.02 11.35 10.48 9.64 9.03 11.33 9.12 8.12 – 11.78 13.58 – – – – – – – – – – $11.62 – – – – – – – – – 9.78 – – – – – 9.78 11.06 – $11.53 12.47 13.78 9.54 9.29 – 14.33 – 11.48 9.83 10.97 9.87 12.98 8.41 – 9.00 – 17.25 11.28 11.61 10.56 – 9.20 11.83 9.65 – 9.59 12.53 13.58 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – $7.93 – – – 7.34 – – 6.78 – 21.56 14.42 19.91 22.27 13.80 15.82 16.92 16.92 24.02 16.91 25.90 21.96 14.81 20.00 22.27 13.79 – – – 24.02 16.91 25.90 – – – – – – – – – – – 21.56 14.42 19.91 22.27 13.80 15.82 16.92 16.92 24.02 16.91 25.90 – – – – – – – – – – – 15.01 12.09 16.94 17.75 18.80 12.85 15.01 12.09 16.94 17.75 18.80 12.85 – – – – – – 15.01 12.09 16.94 17.75 18.80 12.85 – – – – – – 13.65 10.93 11.15 12.53 13.58 12.11 14.26 13.65 10.87 11.14 – 13.58 12.11 14.26 – – – – – – – 13.65 11.01 11.20 – 13.58 12.11 14.26 – – – – – – – 13.25 15.63 – 13.25 – Table B-2. Mean hourly earnings1 for selected occupations and levels2, all industries, private industry, State and local government, full-time and part-time workers, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1997 — Continued All workers4 Occupation3 and level Blue-collar occupations: (-Continued) Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers: (-Continued) Production helpers ................................................ Level 2 .............................................................. Stock handlers and baggers ................................. Level 3 .............................................................. Freight, stock, and material handlers, N.E.C. ....... Level 1 .............................................................. Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners ............ Hand packers and packagers ............................... Level 3 .............................................................. Laborers except construction, N.E.C. ................... Level 1 .............................................................. Level 2 .............................................................. Level 3 .............................................................. Service occupations: Protective service occupations: Police and detectives, public service .................... Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement officers ............................................................ Level 6 .............................................................. Food service occupations: Waiters and waitresses ........................................ Level 1 .............................................................. Cooks ................................................................... Kitchen workers, food preparation ........................ Level 3 .............................................................. Food preparation occupations, N.E.C. ................. Level 1 .............................................................. Health service occupations: Health aides, except nursing ................................ Level 4 .............................................................. Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants ............... Level 2 .............................................................. Level 3 .............................................................. Level 4 .............................................................. Cleaning and building service occupations: Supervisors, cleaning & building service workers Maids and housemen ........................................... Janitors and cleaners ........................................... Level 1 .............................................................. Level 2 .............................................................. 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, hazard pay, and on-call pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. 2 Each occupation for which wage data are collected in an establishment is evaluated based on 10 factors, including knowledge, complexity, work environment, etc. Points are assigned based on the occupation’s ranking within each factor. The points are summed to determine the overall level of the occupation. See technical note for more information. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. All industries All industries Private industry State and local government Full-time workers Part-time workers $10.37 11.61 9.20 8.44 11.21 6.33 9.01 9.87 10.79 9.38 8.74 11.22 8.78 $10.37 11.61 9.20 8.44 11.21 6.33 9.01 9.87 10.79 9.38 8.74 11.22 8.78 – – – – – – – – – – – – – $10.37 11.61 12.55 9.52 11.43 – 9.25 11.61 – 9.78 8.84 – 8.98 – – $5.94 6.80 9.51 – – – – – – – – 15.63 – $15.63 15.63 – 12.97 12.97 – – 12.97 12.97 12.97 12.97 – – 4.37 5.48 9.56 7.34 7.53 6.48 5.72 4.37 5.48 9.62 7.18 – 6.22 – – – – – – – – – – – 7.93 – 7.62 – 3.78 – – 6.55 – 5.82 – 8.97 9.58 6.82 5.79 7.71 6.46 8.97 9.58 6.45 5.79 7.22 6.46 – – – – – – 8.54 – 7.48 – 8.24 – – – 5.88 – – – 10.16 6.01 7.02 6.22 7.28 10.16 6.01 6.10 5.93 – 11.10 6.03 7.75 7.01 – – – 5.46 – – – – 8.11 – – 4 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified." IN THIS SURVEY, THE NONRESPONSE RATE FOR PRIVATE INDUSTRY EXCEEDED REGULAR SURVEY STANDARDS FOR PUBLICATION. ACCORDINGLY, USERS SHOULD INTERPRET THESE RESULTS WITH THIS LIMITATION IN MIND. 21 Table C-1. Mean hourly earnings1 by occupational group and selected characteristics, all industries, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1997 Occupational group2 Full-time workers3 Part-time workers3 Union4 Nonunion4 Time5 Incentive5 All occupations ....................................................................... All occupations excluding sales ............................................ $16.19 16.29 $8.11 8.37 $16.55 16.55 $15.14 15.33 $15.28 15.49 $14.87 11.49 White-collar occupations ................................................... White-collar excluding sales ............................................. 18.41 18.84 10.07 11.36 16.05 16.05 17.64 18.29 17.58 18.22 18.72 – Professional specialty and technical occupations ............ Professional specialty occupations ............................... Technical occupations .................................................. Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ... Sales occupations ............................................................ Administrative support including clerical occupations ...... 21.82 23.60 15.32 24.55 14.74 11.71 18.00 19.71 10.59 – 6.38 8.75 – – – – – 15.24 21.61 23.38 14.90 24.53 13.00 11.05 21.58 23.36 15.09 24.52 12.25 11.27 – – – – 18.02 – Blue-collar occupations ..................................................... Precision production, craft, and repair occupations .......... Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .............. Transportation and material moving occupations ............. Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ..... 13.97 16.43 14.01 11.87 10.94 6.92 – – 9.25 6.41 16.68 19.35 16.05 14.50 14.02 12.26 15.29 11.76 10.83 9.36 13.72 16.54 14.01 11.89 10.24 10.08 – – 10.34 – Service occupations ........................................................... 9.67 5.83 – 8.51 8.52 – 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, hazard pay, and on-call pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. 2 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. 3 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 4 Union workers are those whose wages are determined through collective bargaining. 5 Time workers’ wages are based solely on an hourly rate or salary; incentive workers are those whose wages are at least partially based on productivity payments such as piece rates, commissions, and production bonuses. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified." 22 Table C-2. Mean hourly earnings1 by occupational group and industry division, private industry, all workers2, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1997 Goods-producing industries4 Occupational group3 All private industries Service-producing industries5 Total Mining Construction Manufacturing Total TransWholeportsale ation and and retail public trade utilities Finance, insurance, and real estate Services All occupations ........................................................................... All occupations excluding sales ................................................ $14.74 14.94 $17.30 17.31 – – $12.87 13.05 – – – – $18.28 18.40 – – – – – – White-collar occupations ....................................................... White-collar excluding sales ................................................. 17.25 18.21 23.48 23.95 – – 13.08 15.09 – – – – 20.32 20.71 – – – – – – Professional specialty and technical occupations ................ Professional specialty occupations ................................... Technical occupations ...................................................... Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ....... Sales occupations ................................................................ Administrative support, including clerical occupations ......... 21.22 23.48 15.62 25.51 13.01 11.20 26.52 28.35 17.31 30.02 17.06 12.53 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 21.01 26.47 – 14.63 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Blue-collar occupations ......................................................... Precision production, craft, and repair occupations .............. Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .................. Transportation and material moving occupations ................. Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ......... 13.73 16.76 14.01 11.87 10.21 15.00 17.41 14.48 12.23 11.80 – – – – – 12.98 14.13 – 10.84 7.88 – – – – – – – – – – 15.45 17.90 – 12.63 16.06 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Service occupations ............................................................... 6.76 – – – – – – – – – 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, hazard pay, and on-call pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. 2 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. 4 Goods-producing industries include mining, construction, and manufacturing. 5 Service-producing industries include transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified." IN THIS SURVEY, THE NONRESPONSE RATE FOR PRIVATE INDUSTRY EXCEEDED REGULAR SURVEY STANDARDS FOR PUBLICATION. ACCORDINGLY, USERS SHOULD INTERPRET THESE RESULTS WITH THIS LIMITATION IN MIND. 23 Table C-3. Mean hourly earnings1 by occupational group and establishment employment size, private industry, all workers2, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1997 100 workers or more All private industry workers 50 - 99 workers All occupations ....................................................................... All occupations excluding sales ............................................ $14.74 14.94 White-collar occupations ................................................... White-collar excluding sales ............................................. Occupational group3 Total 100 - 499 workers 500 workers or more $13.38 12.90 $15.11 15.43 $13.59 13.77 $17.24 17.62 17.25 18.21 16.41 16.66 17.47 18.54 16.44 17.63 18.68 19.47 Professional specialty and technical occupations ............ Professional specialty occupations ............................... Technical occupations .................................................. Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ... Sales occupations ............................................................ Administrative support, including clerical occupations ..... 21.22 23.48 15.62 25.51 13.01 11.20 15.96 16.57 – 24.00 15.84 10.40 21.81 24.34 15.77 26.01 11.55 11.38 20.14 22.63 15.58 24.11 12.02 11.77 23.24 25.60 16.02 28.23 – 10.96 Blue-collar occupations ..................................................... Precision production, craft, and repair occupations .......... Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .............. Transportation and material moving occupations ............. Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ..... 13.73 16.76 14.01 11.87 10.21 11.53 13.60 11.32 10.36 8.50 14.29 18.03 14.29 12.04 10.78 12.71 15.97 11.97 11.13 10.60 16.53 20.93 16.22 15.75 11.06 Service occupations ........................................................... 6.76 6.49 6.85 6.46 8.12 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, hazard pay, and on-call pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. 2 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified." IN THIS SURVEY, THE NONRESPONSE RATE FOR PRIVATE INDUSTRY EXCEEDED REGULAR SURVEY STANDARDS FOR PUBLICATION. ACCORDINGLY, USERS SHOULD INTERPRET THESE RESULTS WITH THIS LIMITATION IN MIND. 24 Table C-4. Number of workers1 represented by occupational group, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1997 All workers Occupational group2 All industries Private industry State and local government All occupations ....................................................................... All occupations excluding sales ............................................ 300,181 277,206 214,421 191,756 85,760 85,450 White-collar occupations ................................................... White-collar excluding sales ............................................. 177,119 154,144 112,701 90,035 64,419 64,109 Professional specialty and technical occupations ............ Professional specialty occupations ............................... Technical occupations .................................................. Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ... Sales occupations ............................................................ Administrative support including clerical occupations ...... 64,411 51,419 12,993 29,232 22,975 60,501 27,868 19,922 7,945 22,679 22,665 39,489 36,543 31,496 5,047 6,553 – 21,012 Blue-collar occupations ..................................................... Precision production, craft, and repair occupations .......... Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .............. Transportation and material moving occupations ............. Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ..... 74,142 25,710 16,720 11,972 19,740 67,487 22,641 16,720 9,720 18,406 6,655 3,069 – 2,252 1,335 Service occupations ........................................................... 48,919 34,234 14,685 1 Both full-time and part-time workers were included in the survey. Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another establishment, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 2 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified." IN THIS SURVEY, THE NONRESPONSE RATE FOR PRIVATE INDUSTRY EXCEEDED REGULAR SURVEY STANDARDS FOR PUBLICATION. ACCORDINGLY, USERS SHOULD INTERPRET THESE RESULTS WITH THIS LIMITATION IN MIND. 25 Appendix A: Technical Note of-business and out-of-scope establishments were removed, and addresses, employment levels, industry classification, and other information were updated. This section provides basic information on the procedures and concepts used to produce the data contained in this bulletin. It is divided into three parts: Planning for the survey; data collection; and processing and analyzing the data. While this section answers some questions commonly asked by data users, it is not a comprehensive description of all the steps required to produce the data. Sample design The sample for this survey area was selected using a two stage stratified design with probability proportional to employment sampling at each stage. The first stage of sample selection was a probability sample of establishments. The sample of establishments was drawn by first stratifying the sampling frame by industry and ownership. The number of sample establishments allocated to each stratum is approximately proportional to the stratum employment. Each sampled establishment is selected within a stratum with a probability proportional to its employment. Use of this technique means that the larger an establishment’s employment, the greater its chance of selection. Weights were applied to each establishment when the data were tabulated so that it represents similar units (by industry and employment size) in the economy which were not selected for collection. See appendix table 1 for a count of establishments in the survey by employment size. The second stage of sample selection, detailed below, was a probability sample of occupations within a sampled establishment. Planning for the survey The overall design of the survey, which was based on the type of data to be produced, had to be developed before data collection could begin. Survey scope This survey of the Richmond-Petersburg, VA, Metropolitan Statistical Area covered establishments employing 50 workers or more in goods-producing industries (mining, construction and manufacturing); service-producing industries (transportation, communications, electric, gas, and sanitary services; wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services industries); and State and local governments. Agriculture, private households, and the Federal Government were excluded from the scope of the survey. For purposes of this survey an establishment was an economic unit which produces goods or services, a central administrative office, or an auxiliary unit providing support services to a company. For private industries in this survey, the establishment was usually at a single physical location. For State and local governments, an establishment was defined as all locations of a government entity. The Richmond-Petersburg, VA, Metropolitan Statistical Area includes the cities of Colonial Heights, Hopewell, Petersburg, and Richmond; and the counties of Charles City, Chesterfield, Dinwiddie, Goochland, Hanover, Henrico, New Kent, Powhatan, and Prince George, VA. Data collection The collection of data from survey respondents required detailed procedures. Collection was the responsibility of the field economists, working out of the Regional Office, who visited each establishment surveyed. Occupational selection and classification Identification of the occupations for which wage data were to be collected was a multi-step process: 1. Probability-proportional-to-size selection of establishment jobs. 2. Classification of jobs into occupations based on the Census of Population system. 3. Characterization of jobs as full-time v. part-time, union v. nonunion, and time v. incentive. 4. Determination of the level of work of each job. Sampling frame The list of establishments from which the survey sample was selected (sampling frame) was developed from the State unemployment insurance reports for the RichmondPetersburg, VA, Metropolitan Statistical Area. The reference month for the public sector is June 1994. Due to the volatility of industries within the private sector, sampling frames were developed using the most recent month of reference available at the time the sample was selected. The reference month for the private sector is December 1995. The sampling frame was reviewed prior to the survey and, when necessary, missing establishments were added, out- For each occupation, wage data were collected for those workers who met all the criteria identified in the last three steps. Special procedures were developed for jobs for which a correct classification or level could not be determined. 26 depending on whether any part of pay was directly based on the actual production of the worker, rather than solely on hours worked. Finally, the worker was identified as being in a union job or a nonunion job. See the “Definition of Terms” section on the following page for more detail. In step one, the jobs to be sampled were selected at each establishment by the BLS field economist during a personal visit. A complete list of employees was used for sampling, with each selected worker representing a job within the establishment. As with the selection of establishments, the selection of a job was based on probability proportional to its size in the establishment. The greater the number of people working in a job in the establishment, the greater its chance of selection. The number of jobs collected in each establishment was based on an establishment’s employment size as shown in the following schedule: Number of employees 50-99 100-249 250-999 1000-2,499 2,500+ Generic leveling through point factor analysis In the last step before wage data were collected, the work level of each selected job was determined using a “generic leveling” process. Generic leveling ranks and compares all occupations randomly selected in an establishment using the same criteria. This is a major departure from the method used in the past in the Bureau’s Occupational Compensation Surveys which studied specifically defined occupations with leveling definitions unique to each occupation. For this survey, the level of each occupation in an establishment was determined by an analysis of each of 10 leveling factors. Nine of these factors are drawn from the U.S. Government Office of Personnel Management’s Factor Evaluation System, which is the underlying structure for evaluation of General Schedule Federal employees. The tenth factor, supervisory duties, attempts to account for the effect of supervisory duties. It is considered experimental. The 10 factors are: Number of selected jobs 8 10 12 16 20 The second step of the process entailed classifying the selected jobs into occupations based on their duties. The National Compensation Survey occupational classification system is based on the 1990 Census of Population. A selected job may fall into any one of about 480 occupational classifications, from accountant to wood lathe operator. In cases where a job’s duties overlapped two or more census classification codes, the duties used to set the wage level were used to classify the job. Classification by primary duties was the fallback. Each occupational classification is an element of a broader classification known as a major occupational group (MOG). Occupations can fall into any of the following MOG’s: · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · Professional specialty and technical Executive, administrative, and managerial Sales Administrative support including clerical Precision production, craft, and repair Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors Transportation and material moving Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers Service occupations Knowledge Supervision received Guidelines Complexity Scope and effect Personal contacts Purpose of contacts Physical demands Work environment Supervisory duties Each factor contains a number of levels and each level has an associated written description and point value. The number and range of points differ among the factors. For each factor, an occupation was assigned a level based on which written description best matched the job. Within each occupation, the points for 9 factors (supervisory duties was excluded) were recorded and totaled. The total determines the overall level of the occupation. Appendix table 3 presents average work levels for published occupational groups and selected occupations. A description of the levels for each factor is shown in appendix C. Tabulations of levels of work for occupations in the survey follow the Federal Government’s white-collar General Schedule. Point ranges for each of the 15 levels are shown in appendix D. It also includes an example of a leveled job and a guide to help data users evaluate jobs in their firm. Wage data collected in prior surveys using the new generic leveling method were evaluated by BLS researchers A complete list of all individual occupations, classified by the MOG to which they belong, is contained in appendix B. In step three, certain other job characteristics of the chosen worker were identified. First, the worker was identified as holding either a full-time or part-time job, based on the establishment’s definition of those terms. Then the worker was classified as having a time versus incentive job, 27 Definition of terms using regression techniques. For each of the major occupational groups, wages were compared to the 10 generic level factors (and levels within those factors). The analysis showed that several of the generic level factors, most notably knowledge and supervision received, had strong explanatory power for wages. That is, as the levels within a given factor increased, the wages also increased. Detailed research continues in the area. The results of this research will be published by BLS in the future. Full-time worker. Any employee that the employer considers to be full time. Incentive worker. Any employee whose earnings are tied, at least in part, to commissions, piece rates, production bonuses, or other incentives based on production or sales. Level. A ranking of an occupation based on the requirements of the position. (See the description in the technical note and the example for more details on the leveling process.) Collection period The survey was collected from May 1997 through February 1998. The average payroll reference month was August 1997. For each establishment in the survey, the data reflect the establishment’s practices on the day of collection. Nonunion worker. An employee in an occupation not meeting the conditions for union coverage (see below). Earnings Earnings were defined as regular payments from the employer to the employee as compensation for straighttime hourly work, or for any salaried work performed. The following components were included as part of earnings: · · · · · · Part-time worker. Any employee that the employer considers to be part-time. Straight-time. Time worked at the standard rate of pay for the job. Incentive pay, including commissions, production bonuses, and piece rates Cost-of-living allowances Hazard pay Payments of income deferred due to participation in a salary reduction plan Deadhead pay, defined as pay given to transportation workers returning in a vehicle without freight or passengers On-call pay Time-based worker. Any employee whose earnings are tied to an hourly rate or salary, and not to a specific level of production. Union worker. Any employee is in a union occupation when all of the following conditions are met: · · The following forms of payments were not considered part of straight-time earnings: · · · · · · · Shift differentials, defined as extra payment for working a schedule that varies from the norm, such as night or weekend work Premium pay for overtime, holidays, and weekends Bonuses not directly tied to production (e.g., Christmas bonuses, profit-sharing bonuses) Uniform and tool allowances Free room and board Payments made by third parties (e.g., tips, bonuses given by manufacturers to department store salespeople, referral incentives in real estate) A labor organization is recognized as the bargaining agent for all workers in the occupation. Wage and salary rates are determined through collective bargaining or negotiations. Settlement terms, which must include earnings provisions and may include benefit provisions, are embodied in a signed mutually binding collective bargaining agreement. Processing and analyzing the data Data were processed and analyzed at the Bureau’s National Office following collection. Weighting and nonresponse Sample weights were calculated for each establishment/occupation in the survey. These weights reflected the relative size of the occupation within the establishment and of the establishment within the sample universe. Weights were used to aggregate the individual establishment/occupations into the various data series. Of the establishments surveyed, 28.5 percent (representing 84,778 employees) refused to supply information. If data were not provided by a sample member, the weights of responding sample members in the same or similar “cells” were adjusted to account for the missing data. This technique assumes that the mean value of the nonrespondents equals the In order to calculate earnings for various time periods (hourly, weekly, and annual), data on work schedules were also collected. For hourly workers, scheduled hours worked per day and per week, exclusive of overtime, were recorded. Annual weeks worked were determined. Because salaried workers, exempt from overtime provisions, often work beyond the assigned work schedule, their typical number of hours actually worked was collected. 28 Sampling errors occur because observations come only from a sample and not from an entire population. The sample used for this survey is one of a number of possible samples of the same size that could have been selected using the sample design. Estimates derived from the different samples would differ from each other. A measure of the variation among these differing estimates is called the standard error or sampling error. It indicates the precision with which an estimate from a particular sample approximates the average result of all possible samples. The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error divided by the estimate. Appendix table 2 contains RSE data for selected series in this bulletin. RSE data for all series in this bulletin are available on the Internet web site and by request to the BLS National Office. The standard error can be used to calculate a “confidence interval” around a sample estimate. As an example, suppose table A-1 shows that mean hourly earnings for all workers was $12.79 per hour, and appendix table 2 shows a relative standard error of 3.6 percent for this estimate. At the 90-percent level, the confidence interval for this estimate is $13.55 to $12.03 ($12.79 plus and minus 1.645 times 3.6 percent times $12.79). If all possible samples were selected to estimate the population value, the interval from each sample would include the true population value approximately 90 percent of the time. Nonsampling errors also affect survey results. They can stem from many sources, such as inability to obtain information for some establishments, difficulties with survey definitions, inability of the respondents to provide correct information, or mistakes in recording or coding the data obtained. A Technical Reinterview Program done in all survey areas will be used in the development of a formal quality assessment process to help compute nonsampling error. Although they were not specifically measured, the nonsampling errors were expected to be minimal due to the extensive training of the field economists who gathered the survey data by personal visit, computer edits of the data, and detailed data review. mean value of the respondents at some detailed “cell” level. Responding and nonresponding establishments were classified into these cells according to industry and employment size. Responding and nonresponding occupations within responding establishments were classified into cells which were additionally defined by major occupation group and job level. Establishments which were determined to be out of business or outside the scope of the survey (4.5 percent of the total sample) had their weights changed to zero. If only partial data were given by a sample establishment or occupation, or data were missing, the response was treated as a refusal. Estimation The wage series in the tables are computed by combining the wages for individual establishment/occupations. Before being combined, individual wage rates are weighted by: number of workers; the sample weight adjusted for nonresponding establishments and other factors; and the occupation work schedule, varying depending on whether hourly, weekly, or annual rates are being calculated. Not all series that were calculated met the criteria for publication. Before any series was published, it was reviewed to make sure that the number of observations underlying it was sufficient. This review prevented publishing a series that could have revealed information about a specific establishment. The number of workers estimates represent the total in all establishments within the scope of the study and not the number actually surveyed. Because occupational structures among establishments differ, estimates of the number of workers obtained from the sample of establishments serve only to indicate the relative importance of the occupational groups studied. Data reliability The data in this bulletin are estimates from a scientifically selected probability sample. There are two types of errors possible in an estimate based on a sample survey, sampling and nonsampling. 29 Appendix table 1. Number of establishments studied by industry division and establishment employment size, and number of establishments represented, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1997 Number of establishments studied Industry All industries ......................................................... Private industry ................................................. Goods-producing industries .......................... Mining ....................................................... Construction ............................................. Manufacturing ........................................... Service-producing industries ........................ Tranportation and public utilities ............... Wholesale and retail trade ........................ Finance, insurance and real estate .......... Services .................................................... State and local government .............................. Number of establishments represented 100 workers or more Total studied 1,619 1,561 319 5 110 204 1,241 89 452 343 357 58 220 194 56 3 12 41 138 18 46 16 58 26 50 - 99 workers 68 66 20 3 7 10 46 3 22 5 16 2 Total 152 128 36 – 5 31 92 15 24 11 42 24 100 - 499 workers 104 93 25 – 5 20 68 11 19 8 30 11 NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported. Overall industry and industry groups may include data for categories not shown separately. 30 500 workers or more 48 35 11 – – 11 24 4 5 3 12 13 Appendix table 2. Relative standard errors of mean hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, all industries, private industry, and State and local government, all workers2, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1997 (in percent) Occupation3 All industries Private industry State and local government All occupations ....................................................................... All occupations excluding sales ............................................ 2.1% 2.2 2.4% 2.4 4.3% 4.3 White-collar occupations ................................................... White-collar occupations excluding sales ......................... 2.6 2.6 3.0 2.9 4.8 4.8 Professional specialty and technical occupations ............ Professional specialty occupations ............................... Engineers, architects, and surveyors ....................... Mechanical engineers ........................................... Engineers, N.E.C. ................................................. Mathematical and computer scientists ..................... Computer systems analysts and scientists ........... Operations and systems researchers and analysts .......................................................... Natural scientists ...................................................... Health related occupations ....................................... Registered nurses ................................................ Physical therapists ................................................ Teachers, college and university .............................. Teachers, except college and university .................. Elementary school teachers ................................. Secondary school teachers .................................. Librarians, archivists, and curators ........................... Librarians .............................................................. Social scientists and urban planners ........................ Social, recreation, and religious workers .................. Social workers ...................................................... Lawyers and judges .................................................. Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and professionals, N.E.C. .......................................... Technical occupations .................................................. Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians Radiological technicians ....................................... Licensed practical nurses ..................................... Health technologists and technicians, N.E.C. ....... Computer programmers ....................................... Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ... Executives, administrators, and managers ............... Administrators and officials, public administration Financial managers .............................................. Managers., marketing, advertising and public relations .......................................................... Administrators, education and related fields ......... Managers, medicine and health ........................... Managers and administrators, N.E.C. .................. Management related occupations ............................ Accountants and auditors ..................................... Other financial officers .......................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists ....................................................... Management related occupations, N.E.C. ............ Sales occupations ............................................................ Supervisors, sales occupations ............................ Insurance sales occupations ................................ Sales occupations, other business services ......... Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing, and wholesale ................................................. Cashiers ............................................................... Sales support occupations, N.E.C. ....................... Administrative support occupations, including clerical ..... Supervisors, general office ................................... Computer operators .............................................. Secretaries ........................................................... Receptionists ........................................................ 3.4 3.3 6.6 1.0 10.0 8.0 9.4 3.3 3.5 4.6 1.0 10.0 7.6 8.9 5.5 5.2 – – – – – 7.2 6.2 3.2 2.9 8.5 7.3 4.0 1.9 3.7 2.6 2.6 – 6.1 6.4 – – 8.7 3.2 2.8 – – 11.4 – – – – – – – – – – 5.8 – – – 1.7 1.8 3.7 2.4 2.4 – 7.2 7.2 – 8.5 4.4 13.2 2.4 1.6 9.4 6.9 3.7 4.1 11.0 6.6 7.9 4.5 10.3 2.5 1.7 11.0 6.8 3.3 4.3 – 6.6 – 8.1 – – – – – 10.7 7.3 12.0 – 8.3 10.6 9.3 6.5 6.4 4.6 6.3 8.3 – 10.8 6.5 5.7 5.2 6.8 – 10.3 – – 12.3 8.1 – 18.2 7.1 9.2 11.5 5.6 11.2 18.2 7.2 9.2 11.5 5.6 11.2 – – – – – – 30.5 4.0 22.5 2.3 3.1 12.9 3.1 2.6 30.5 4.0 22.5 3.0 3.9 – 4.9 2.6 – – – 3.2 – – 3.5 – See footnotes at end of table. 31 Appendix table 2. Relative standard errors of mean hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, all industries, private industry, and State and local government, all workers2, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1997 — Continued (in percent) All industries Private industry State and local government 14.0% 9.8 18.0 4.0 4.1 9.1 9.2 3.1 19.3 4.5 9.1 4.6 4.3 3.4 5.4 14.0% 9.8 – 3.9 3.8 – 9.2 2.2 19.3 5.2 14.3 8.0 4.3 – 7.5 – – – – 6.6% – – – – – – 3.8 – 3.4 7.7 Blue-collar occupations ..................................................... Precision production, craft, and repair occupations .......... Supervisors, mechanics and repairers ................. Bus, truck, and stationary engine mechanics ....... Industrial machinery repairers .............................. Mechanics and repairers, N.E.C. .......................... Electricians ........................................................... Supervisors, production occupations .................... Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .............. Printing press operators ....................................... Slicing and cutting machine operators .................. Miscellaneous machine operators, N.E.C. ........... Production inspectors, checkers and examiners .. Transportation and material moving occupations ............. Supervisors, motor vehicle operators ................... Truck drivers ......................................................... Bus drivers ............................................................ Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators .. Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ...... Supervisors, handlers, equipment cleaners, and laborers, N.E.C. .............................................. Production helpers ................................................ Stock handlers and baggers ................................. Freight, stock, and material handlers, N.E.C. ....... Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners ............ Hand packers and packagers ............................... Laborers except construction, N.E.C. ................... 2.4 3.2 12.0 5.0 8.1 4.2 6.3 6.3 3.1 6.8 11.1 5.2 9.5 3.9 9.6 4.8 10.9 7.7 4.3 2.5 3.5 12.6 4.0 8.2 4.9 – 6.3 3.1 6.8 11.1 5.2 9.5 4.4 9.6 5.2 – 7.7 4.7 5.6 3.5 – – – – – – – – – – – 4.6 – – – – 5.7 10.3 11.3 11.4 7.9 19.5 5.5 7.0 15.4 11.3 11.4 7.9 19.5 5.5 7.0 – – – – – – – Service occupations ........................................................... Protective service occupations ................................. Police and detectives, public service .................... Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement officers ............................................................ Food service occupations ......................................... Waiters and waitresses ........................................ Cooks ................................................................... Kitchen workers, food preparation ........................ Food preparation occupations, N.E.C. ................. Health service occupations ....................................... Health aides, except nursing ................................ Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants ............... Cleaning and building service occupations .............. Supervisors, cleaning & building service workers Maids and housemen ........................................... Janitors and cleaners ........................................... 3.5 6.2 3.7 2.9 5.2 – 4.6 6.4 3.8 0.2 5.8 20.5 9.8 4.8 8.4 4.0 4.2 4.1 4.2 8.3 1.3 4.9 – 6.1 20.5 10.1 5.3 9.5 4.2 4.2 4.0 4.7 8.3 1.3 4.5 0.2 – – – – – – – – 4.2 – – 4.2 Occupation3 White-collar occupations (-Continued) Administrative support occupations, including clerical (-Continued) Information clerks, N.E.C. ..................................... Order clerks .......................................................... Library clerks ........................................................ Records clerks, N.E.C. ......................................... Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ...... Dispatchers ........................................................... Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks ................... Stock and inventory clerks .................................... Insurance adjusters, examiners, & investigators .. Investigators and adjusters except insurance ...... Bill and account collectors .................................... General office clerks ............................................. Data entry keyers ................................................. Teachers’ aides .................................................... Administrative support occupations, N.E.C. ......... See footnotes at end of table. 32 Appendix table 2. Relative standard errors of mean hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, all industries, private industry, and State and local government, all workers2, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1997 — Continued (in percent) Occupation3 Service occupations (-Continued) Personal service occupations ................................... 1 The relative standard error is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. Hourly earnings for these occupations are presented in Tables A-1 and A-2. Reliable relative standard errors could not be determined for all occupations. 2 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 A classification system including about 480 All industries Private industry State and local government 10.1% 3.3% 10.8% individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified." IN THIS SURVEY, THE NONRESPONSE RATE FOR PRIVATE INDUSTRY EXCEEDED REGULAR SURVEY STANDARDS FOR PUBLICATION. ACCORDINGLY, USERS SHOULD INTERPRET THESE RESULTS WITH THIS LIMITATION IN MIND. 33 Appendix table 3. Average work levels for selected occupations, all workers, full-time and part-time workers, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1997 All Full-time Part-time workers workers workers Occupation1 All occupations ................................................................................. All occupations excluding sales ...................................................... 6 6 6 6 4 4 White-collar occupations ............................................................. White-collar occupations excluding sales ................................... 7 7 7 8 5 5 Professional specialty and technical occupations ...................... Professional specialty occupations ......................................... Engineers, architects, and surveyors ................................. Mechanical engineers ..................................................... Engineers, N.E.C. ........................................................... Mathematical and computer scientists ............................... Computer systems analysts and scientists ..................... Operations and systems researchers and analysts ........ Natural scientists ................................................................ Health related occupations ................................................. Registered nurses .......................................................... Physical therapists .......................................................... Teachers, college and university ........................................ Teachers, except college and university ............................ Elementary school teachers ........................................... Secondary school teachers ............................................ Librarians, archivists, and curators ..................................... Librarians ........................................................................ Social scientists and urban planners .................................. Social, recreation, and religious workers ............................ Social workers ................................................................ Lawyers and judges ............................................................ Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and professionals, N.E.C. ........................................................................... Technical occupations ............................................................ Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians ........... Radiological technicians ................................................. Licensed practical nurses ............................................... Health technologists and technicians, N.E.C. ................. Computer programmers ................................................. Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ............. Executives, administrators, and managers ......................... Administrators and officials, public administration .......... Financial managers ........................................................ Managers., marketing, advertising and public relations Administrators, education and related fields ................... Managers, medicine and health ..................................... Managers and administrators, N.E.C. ............................ Management related occupations ...................................... Accountants and auditors ............................................... Other financial officers .................................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists ........ Management related occupations, N.E.C. ...................... Sales occupations ...................................................................... Supervisors, sales occupations ...................................... Insurance sales occupations .......................................... Sales occupations, other business services ................... Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing, and wholesale .................................................................. Sales workers, other commodities .................................. Cashiers ......................................................................... Sales support occupations, N.E.C. ................................. Administrative support occupations, including clerical ............... Supervisors, general office ............................................. Computer operators ........................................................ Secretaries ..................................................................... Receptionists .................................................................. Information clerks, N.E.C. ............................................... Order clerks .................................................................... Library clerks .................................................................. Records clerks, N.E.C. ................................................... Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ................ Dispatchers ..................................................................... 9 10 10 11 9 10 10 10 10 9 8 9 12 9 9 9 8 8 – 8 7 – 9 10 10 11 9 10 10 10 10 9 8 – 12 9 9 9 8 8 – 7 7 – 8 8 – – – – – – – 9 8 – – – – – – – – – – – 6 7 8 6 6 6 9 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 8 9 8 10 7 5 7 8 6 6 7 8 7 6 6 9 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 8 9 8 10 7 6 7 8 6 – 5 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 3 – – – 10 – 2 6 4 7 4 5 3 3 4 2 6 5 5 10 – 3 – 5 7 4 5 4 – 5 – 6 5 5 – 4 2 – 4 – – 5 – – – – – – – See footnotes at end of table. 34 Appendix table 3. Average work levels for selected occupations, all workers, full-time and part-time workers, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1997 — Continued All Full-time Part-time workers workers workers Occupation1 White-collar occupations (-Continued) Administrative support occupations, including clerical (-Continued) Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks ............................. Stock and inventory clerks .............................................. Insurance adjusters, examiners, & investigators ............ Investigators and adjusters except insurance ................ Bill and account collectors .............................................. General office clerks ....................................................... Data entry keyers ........................................................... Teachers’ aides .............................................................. Administrative support occupations, N.E.C. ................... 4 3 7 4 5 4 3 4 5 4 3 7 4 5 4 3 3 5 – – – – – 4 3 – 2 Blue-collar occupations ............................................................... Precision production, craft, and repair occupations .................... Supervisors, mechanics and repairers ........................... Bus, truck, and stationary engine mechanics ................. Industrial machinery repairers ........................................ Mechanics and repairers, N.E.C. .................................... Electricians ..................................................................... Supervisors, production occupations .............................. Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ........................ Printing press operators ................................................. Slicing and cutting machine operators ............................ Miscellaneous machine operators, N.E.C. ..................... Production inspectors, checkers and examiners ............ Transportation and material moving occupations ....................... Supervisors, motor vehicle operators ............................. Truck drivers ................................................................... Bus drivers ...................................................................... Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators ............ Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ................ Supervisors, handlers, equipment cleaners, and laborers, N.E.C. ........................................................ Production helpers .......................................................... Stock handlers and baggers ........................................... Freight, stock, and material handlers, N.E.C. ................. Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners ...................... Hand packers and packagers ......................................... Laborers except construction, N.E.C. ............................. 5 6 8 7 6 6 7 8 4 6 5 4 4 4 7 4 4 4 3 5 6 8 7 6 6 7 8 4 6 5 4 4 4 7 4 – 4 3 2 – – – – – – – – – – – – 3 – – – – 2 7 3 3 3 2 2 2 7 3 4 4 2 3 2 – – 2 2 – – – Service occupations ..................................................................... Protective service occupations ........................................... Police and detectives, public service .............................. Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement officers ...... Food service occupations ................................................... Waiters and waitresses .................................................. Cooks ............................................................................. Kitchen workers, food preparation .................................. Food preparation occupations, N.E.C. ........................... Health service occupations ................................................. Health aides, except nursing .......................................... Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants ......................... Cleaning and building service occupations ........................ Supervisors, cleaning & building service workers .......... Maids and housemen ..................................................... Janitors and cleaners ..................................................... Personal service occupations ............................................. 3 5 6 6 2 2 4 3 2 3 4 3 2 5 2 2 4 4 5 6 6 3 – – 3 2 4 5 3 3 6 2 2 5 2 3 – – 2 2 – 2 2 3 – 3 2 – – 2 3 1 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. The occupations titled authors, musicians, actors, painters, photographers, dancers, artists, athletes, and legislators cannot be assigned a work level. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified." 35
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