Norfolk-Virginia BeachNewport News, VA-NC
National Compensation Survey
July 1998
________________________________________________________________________________________________
U.S. Department of Labor
Alexis M. Herman, Secretary
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Katharine G. Abraham, Commissioner
September 1999
Bulletin 3095-47
Preface
2 Massachusetts Avenue, NE, Room 4175, Washington,
DC 20212-0001, or call (202) 606-6199, or send e-mail to
[email protected].
The data contained in this bulletin are also available at
https://www.bls.gov/ocs/#data , the BLS Internet site.
Data are in three formats: An ASCII file containing the
published table formats; an ASCII file containing positional
columns of data for manipulation as a data base or spreadsheet; and a Portable Document Format (PDF) file containing the entire bulletin.
Results of earlier surveys of this area are also available
from BLS regional offices, the Division of Compensation
Data Analysis, or at the BLS Internet site.
Material in this bulletin is in the public domain and,
with appropriate credit, may be reproduced without permission. This information will be made available to sensory
impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202)
606-7828; Federal Relay Service: 1-800-877-8339.
Data shown in this bulletin were collected as part of the
Bureau of Labor Statistics’ (BLS) National Compensation
Survey (NCS). The survey could not have been conducted
without the cooperation of the many private firms and government jurisdictions that provided pay data included in
this bulletin. The Bureau thanks these respondents for their
cooperation.
Field economists of the Bureau of Labor Statistics collected and reviewed the survey data. The Office of Compensation and Working Conditions, in cooperation with the
Office of Field Operations and the Office of Technology
and Survey Processing in the BLS National Office, designed the survey, processed the data, and prepared the
survey for publication.
For additional information regarding this survey, please
contact any BLS regional office at the address and telephone number listed on the inside back cover of this bulletin. You may also write to the Bureau of Labor Statistics
at: Division of Compensation Data Analysis and Planning,
iii
Contents
Page
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................
1
Tables:
A-1. Hourly earnings for selected occupations, all workers, all industries ...........................................
A-2. Hourly earnings for selected occupations, all workers, private industry and
State and local government...........................................................................................................
A-3. Hourly earnings for selected occupations, full-time and part-time workers,
all industries .................................................................................................................................
A-4. Weekly and annual earnings and hours for selected occupations,
full-time workers only, all industries ............................................................................................
B-1. Mean hourly earnings by occupational group and levels, all industries,
private industry, State and local government, full-time and part-time workers ............................
B-2. Mean hourly earnings for selected occupations and levels, all industries,
private industry, State and local government, full-time and part-time workers ............................
C-1. Mean hourly earnings by occupational group and selected characteristics,
all industries .................................................................................................................................
C-2. Mean hourly earnings by occupational group and industry division,
private industry, all workers .........................................................................................................
C-3. Mean hourly earnings by occupational group and establishment employment size,
private industry, all workers .........................................................................................................
C-4. Number of workers represented by occupational group ...............................................................
2
5
8
11
14
18
22
23
24
25
Appendixes:
A. Technical Note.................................................................................................................................
Table 1. Number of establishments studied and represented .........................................................
Table 2. Relative standard errors...................................................................................................
Table 3. Average work levels ........................................................................................................
B. Occupational Classifications............................................................................................................
C. Generic Leveling Criteria.................................................................................................................
D. Evaluating Your Firm’s Jobs ...........................................................................................................
E. A Guide for Users of Prior BLS Wage Surveys...............................................................................
v
A-1
A-5
A-6
A-9
B-1
C-1
D-1
E-1
Introduction
government sector.
Table A-3 compares the type of data and details shown
in table A-1 for full-time and part-time workers. The definitions of full-time and part-time workers are those used in
the surveyed establishments.
Table A-4 presents the weekly and annual straight-time
earnings for full-time employees in specific occupations
across all industries. For the weekly and annual earnings,
the mean and median earnings and the mean hours are
shown. The mean hours reflect hours employees are
scheduled to work, excluding overtime hours.
Table B-1 presents mean straight-time hourly earnings
for groups of occupations and for levels of job requirements related to occupations in the group. Separate data
are also shown for private industry and government workers, and for full-time and part-time workers in all industries. (See appendix C, Generic Leveling Criteria, for more
information on job ranking in this survey. Average work
levels for published occupation groups and their component occupations are presented in appendix table 3.)
Table B-2 also presents mean straight-time hourly
earnings, but for detailed occupations at several levels of
job requirements for each detailed occupation.
Table C-1 presents mean straight-time hourly earnings
for occupation groups and selected occupation characteristics. The occupation characteristics include full-time and
part-time status, union and nonunion status, and time or incentive pay status. Union workers’ wages are determined
through collective bargaining. Time workers’ wages are
based solely on hourly rate or salary. Incentive workers’
wages are at least partially based on productivity payments
such as piece rates, commissions and production bonuses.
Table C-2 presents mean straight-time hourly earnings
for occupation groups and industry division of employers;
these are limited to the private sector.
Table C-3 presents mean straight-time hourly earnings
for occupation groups and the employment size of employers; these are also limited to the private sector.
Table C-4 presents the employment scope of this survey. The occupation employment estimates shown relate to
all employers in the area surveyed, not just the surveyed
employers.
The tables in this bulletin summarize the NCS survey results for the Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, VANC metropolitan area. Tabulations provide information on
earnings of workers in a variety of occupations and at a
wide range of work levels. Also contained in this bulletin
are information on the program, a technical note describing
survey procedures, and several appendixes with detailed information on occupational classifications and the generic
leveling methodology.
NCS products
The National Compensation Survey of the Bureau of Labor
Statistics provides data on the occupational wages and employee benefits for localities, broad geographic regions,
and the Nation as a whole. The Employment Cost Index, a
quarterly measure of the change in employer costs for
wages and benefits, will be derived from the NCS. Another
product, Employer Costs for Employee Compensation,
measures employers’ average hourly costs for total compensation, that is, wages and benefits. Still another NCS
product measures the incidence of benefit plans and their
provisions. This bulletin is limited to data on occupational
wages and salaries.
About the tables
The tables that follow present data on straight-time occupational earnings. Straight-time earnings include wages
and salaries, incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and
hazard pay. These earnings exclude premium pay for
overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and
tips. A total of 480 detailed occupations are used to describe all occupations in the civilian nonfarm economy (excluding the Federal Government and private households).
Table A-1 presents straight-time earnings for detailed
occupations. Data are not shown for any occupations if
they would raise concerns about the confidentiality of the
survey respondent or if the data are insufficient to support
reliable estimates. The earnings shown include the mean
for each occupation, as well as earnings for selected percentiles in each occupation.
Table A-2 compares the type of data and details shown
in table A-1 for the private industry and State and local
1
Table A-1. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, all workers2, all industries,
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, VA-NC, July 1998
All industries
Percentiles
Occupation3
Mean
10
All occupations ....................................................................... $13.32
All occupations excluding sales ............................................ 13.47
$6.00
6.09
25
Median
50
$7.75 $10.89
7.86 10.99
75
90
$16.71
16.83
$23.35
23.47
White-collar occupations ...................................................
White-collar occupations excluding sales .........................
16.13
16.80
6.80
7.25
8.70
9.23
13.50
14.30
21.00
21.83
28.50
29.04
Professional specialty and technical occupations ............
Professional specialty occupations ...............................
Engineers, architects, and surveyors .......................
Mathematical and computer scientists .....................
Natural scientists ......................................................
Health related occupations .......................................
Physicians ............................................................
Registered nurses ................................................
Teachers, college and university ..............................
Teachers, except college and university ..................
Elementary school teachers .................................
Secondary school teachers ..................................
Teachers, N.E.C. ..................................................
Vocational and educational counselors ................
Librarians, archivists, and curators ...........................
Librarians ..............................................................
Social scientists and urban planners ........................
Social, recreation, and religious workers ..................
Social workers ......................................................
Lawyers and judges ..................................................
Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and
professionals, N.E.C. ..........................................
Technical occupations ..................................................
Licensed practical nurses .....................................
Technical and related occupations, N.E.C. ..........
Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ...
Executives, administrators, and managers ...............
Administrators and officials, public administration
Financial managers ..............................................
Managers, marketing, advertising and public
relations ..........................................................
Managers, food servicing and lodging
establishments ................................................
Managers, service organizations, N.E.C. .............
Managers and administrators, N.E.C. ..................
Management related occupations ............................
Accountants and auditors .....................................
Purchasing agents and buyers, N.E.C. ................
Construction inspectors ........................................
Management related occupations, N.E.C. ............
Sales occupations ............................................................
Supervisors, sales occupations ............................
Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing,
and wholesale .................................................
Sales workers, other commodities ........................
Cashiers ...............................................................
Administrative support occupations, including clerical .....
Supervisors, general office ...................................
Computer operators ..............................................
Secretaries ...........................................................
Hotel clerks ...........................................................
Receptionists ........................................................
Order clerks ..........................................................
Personnel clerks except payroll and timekeeping
Library clerks ........................................................
Records clerks, N.E.C. .........................................
Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ......
Payroll and timekeeping clerks .............................
Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks ...................
Stock and inventory clerks ....................................
21.20
22.87
23.52
25.47
–
20.06
28.91
17.53
–
25.62
25.55
26.45
19.71
30.25
24.62
24.62
26.27
16.53
16.53
–
11.15
13.86
16.69
20.08
–
8.64
7.30
14.11
–
19.46
20.42
20.81
7.39
21.86
12.34
12.34
10.95
11.84
11.84
–
14.96
17.33
20.00
21.30
–
14.57
7.70
15.02
–
21.51
21.63
22.20
10.40
23.86
19.27
19.27
24.47
13.87
13.87
–
20.19
21.43
22.00
25.97
–
17.58
8.22
17.38
–
24.40
24.09
25.89
17.68
29.50
25.42
25.42
26.92
15.69
15.69
–
25.06
26.43
26.36
28.86
–
20.57
55.87
19.37
–
29.44
28.68
29.87
20.83
33.81
36.42
36.42
31.25
19.93
19.93
–
31.63
33.30
32.69
31.38
–
25.25
74.98
21.25
–
34.58
33.27
34.02
38.96
47.39
36.42
36.42
33.80
22.04
22.04
–
17.08
15.40
11.32
11.62
24.53
28.07
28.33
27.77
9.11
9.13
9.55
9.06
14.30
15.87
21.80
15.87
11.67
11.15
10.30
10.25
16.82
18.94
22.82
16.68
17.27
13.94
11.15
10.25
21.20
26.22
31.07
22.50
20.85
18.42
11.61
13.91
29.42
36.23
33.63
40.38
27.50
23.06
12.79
17.97
40.38
43.58
33.63
60.54
30.77
18.19
19.23
36.71
36.71
44.09
18.80
18.75
31.31
18.56
19.68
17.41
15.94
20.37
10.84
17.21
11.54
15.60
15.11
11.88
15.79
14.95
11.49
14.14
5.45
15.82
15.38
15.73
19.68
14.95
17.07
14.98
14.21
15.87
6.25
15.82
18.94
18.46
34.45
18.27
18.75
17.47
15.40
23.80
8.33
16.83
20.43
20.45
43.58
22.09
22.39
19.37
19.31
23.99
14.06
16.83
27.88
22.14
43.58
24.62
24.62
20.29
19.89
24.04
18.65
23.10
24.58
10.26
6.92
9.81
18.68
14.47
11.01
6.13
7.33
9.60
9.62
8.46
9.78
9.39
10.47
9.03
9.57
15.00
5.25
5.22
6.50
9.22
11.09
7.20
5.50
5.93
6.50
7.50
6.90
7.25
7.00
7.25
7.14
5.41
20.00
5.85
5.55
7.50
16.10
12.02
9.01
5.75
6.00
7.00
9.00
6.97
8.54
7.60
10.10
8.50
7.50
22.60
8.40
6.30
9.00
21.54
12.97
10.70
6.06
7.00
8.17
10.00
7.80
10.50
9.13
10.24
9.50
9.79
31.49
14.83
7.80
11.12
22.26
14.37
12.23
6.50
7.53
9.13
10.47
9.61
10.63
10.80
10.24
9.61
11.50
31.49
17.68
8.93
13.67
22.26
15.57
14.95
6.66
8.77
18.89
11.16
12.40
10.63
12.00
15.45
9.87
13.58
See footnotes at end of table.
2
Table A-1. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, all workers2, all industries,
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, VA-NC, July 1998 — Continued
All industries
Percentiles
Occupation3
Mean
10
25
Median
50
75
90
$6.80
10.08
6.08
7.00
5.75
7.46
8.18
$8.08
11.81
7.84
7.25
6.50
7.84
8.75
$9.88
14.24
9.00
7.50
8.05
8.34
9.22
$11.37
14.81
11.12
9.41
9.89
9.23
10.44
$13.55
15.63
12.35
11.10
11.06
10.39
11.88
11.66
15.09
18.25
16.19
15.99
6.45
9.65
15.90
11.90
12.54
8.19
12.00
16.00
13.34
13.44
10.32
14.09
17.19
13.34
14.28
14.00
17.21
20.34
19.05
18.40
18.42
22.50
22.63
22.15
21.39
12.44
13.46
17.13
13.95
11.49
21.89
11.67
9.82
12.15
11.75
15.42
10.35
10.19
9.56
10.29
10.39
9.75
14.00
12.25
7.76
16.07
6.06
6.00
8.61
5.40
8.47
7.49
7.49
7.64
7.75
10.39
11.80
14.00
13.39
7.76
17.51
7.76
7.20
9.75
6.00
8.73
8.55
8.35
8.12
8.96
12.52
13.30
16.56
13.57
10.19
21.88
10.25
8.75
13.09
9.90
16.04
9.79
9.45
9.36
9.72
14.14
15.42
18.20
14.32
14.17
23.32
14.00
12.66
14.00
20.22
19.50
11.25
11.39
10.93
10.80
15.00
17.25
22.91
15.16
18.67
31.80
20.40
13.58
14.00
20.52
20.40
13.86
15.12
12.07
13.14
10.45
8.23
8.68
7.87
8.23
7.55
8.50
7.50
8.04
8.03
7.64
8.83
5.45
5.87
6.00
6.00
5.20
3.37
5.15
6.74
5.68
5.15
8.83
6.47
5.87
6.24
6.25
5.45
7.32
5.81
6.99
6.00
6.50
10.22
8.00
7.66
7.11
7.55
6.75
8.73
6.54
8.00
7.38
7.57
11.10
9.52
11.00
8.72
9.16
8.72
9.54
8.73
8.70
8.76
9.00
11.14
11.65
12.72
10.58
10.34
9.40
12.64
10.24
9.88
11.86
9.52
8.30
12.60
20.25
11.01
14.72
5.15
6.05
12.52
9.08
11.61
5.75
10.69
17.28
10.18
12.18
7.15
11.61
22.82
11.02
14.60
10.81
15.04
22.82
11.14
15.89
13.58
19.35
23.15
12.40
18.59
11.89
11.04
7.65
5.71
10.89
9.79
5.25
2.13
10.89
10.22
5.75
3.86
10.89
10.94
6.37
5.50
12.12
11.10
9.01
7.11
14.68
12.63
11.28
9.00
10.04
3.49
7.31
6.85
4.29
6.14
7.35
9.25
7.10
6.00
2.13
5.45
5.15
2.35
5.15
5.75
7.09
5.75
7.25
2.13
6.00
5.55
2.35
5.45
6.00
7.93
6.00
10.63
2.13
7.25
6.75
5.15
5.61
6.95
8.76
6.70
11.70
5.00
8.57
7.80
5.15
6.90
8.19
10.12
7.76
14.96
7.65
9.35
9.50
5.25
7.54
9.57
12.23
9.17
White-collar occupations (-Continued)
Administrative support occupations, including clerical
(-Continued)
Investigators and adjusters except insurance ...... $10.04
Eligibility clerks, social welfare ............................. 13.28
General office clerks .............................................
9.39
Bank tellers ...........................................................
8.40
Data entry keyers .................................................
8.31
Teachers’ aides ....................................................
8.58
Administrative support occupations, N.E.C. .........
9.76
Blue-collar occupations .....................................................
Precision production, craft, and repair occupations ..........
Supervisors, mechanics and repairers .................
Automobile mechanics .........................................
Industrial machinery repairers ..............................
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration
mechanics ......................................................
Mechanics and repairers, N.E.C. ..........................
Electricians ...........................................................
Plumbers, pipefitters and steamfitters ..................
Construction trades, N.E.C. ..................................
Supervisors, production occupations ....................
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ..............
Miscellaneous machine operators, N.E.C. ...........
Welders and cutters ..............................................
Assemblers ...........................................................
Production inspectors, checkers and examiners ..
Transportation and material moving occupations .............
Truck drivers .........................................................
Bus drivers ............................................................
Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators ..
Miscellaneous material moving equipment
operators, N.E.C. ............................................
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ......
Groundskeepers and gardeners except farm .......
Construction laborers ...........................................
Production helpers ................................................
Stock handlers and baggers .................................
Machine feeders and offbearers ...........................
Freight, stock, and material handlers, N.E.C. .......
Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners ............
Hand packers and packagers ...............................
Laborers except construction, N.E.C. ...................
Service occupations ...........................................................
Protective service occupations .................................
Supervisors, police and detectives .......................
Firefighting occupations ........................................
Police and detectives, public service ....................
Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement
officers ............................................................
Correctional institution officers .............................
Guards and police except public service ..............
Food service occupations .........................................
Supervisors, food preparation and service
occupations ....................................................
Waiters and waitresses ........................................
Cooks ...................................................................
Kitchen workers, food preparation ........................
Waiters’/Waitresses’ assistants ............................
Food preparation occupations, N.E.C. .................
Health service occupations .......................................
Health aides, except nursing ................................
Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants ...............
See footnotes at end of table.
3
Table A-1. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, all workers2, all industries,
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, VA-NC, July 1998 — Continued
All industries
Percentiles
Occupation3
Mean
Service occupations (-Continued)
Cleaning and building service occupations ..............
Supervisors, cleaning and building service
workers ...........................................................
Maids and housemen ...........................................
Janitors and cleaners ...........................................
Personal service occupations ...................................
Attendants, amusement and recreation facilities ..
Welfare service aides ...........................................
Early childhood teachers’ assistants ....................
Service occupations, N.E.C. .................................
1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid
to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living
adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for
overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips.
The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and
dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. The 10th,
25th, 50th, 75th and 90th percentiles designate position in the
earnings distribution. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of
the workers receive the same as or more than the rate shown,
and half receive the same as or less than the rate shown. At the
25th percentile, one-fourth of the workers earn the same as or
less than the rate shown. At the 75th percentile, one-fourth earn
the same as or more than the rate shown. The 10th and 90th
percentiles follow the same logic.
2 All workers include full-time and part-time workers.
Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a
part-time schedule based on the definition used by each
establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week
schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one
10
25
Median
50
75
90
$7.82
$5.30
$6.00
$7.14
$9.45
$11.13
10.95
6.20
7.61
7.80
10.80
7.79
7.24
6.89
8.41
5.50
5.15
5.25
6.00
5.25
5.25
3.00
10.45
6.00
6.00
6.24
6.60
5.75
5.65
6.25
10.89
6.28
7.21
7.07
11.00
7.87
6.92
7.25
11.62
6.28
8.41
8.40
13.92
9.56
7.84
8.40
13.83
6.75
11.07
12.83
14.20
10.65
10.35
8.50
establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a
40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
3 A classification system including about 480 individual
occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy.
Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major
occupational groups.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data
did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and
occupational levels may include data for categories not shown
separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified."
NOTE: Individual and average wage rates were collected in this
update survey. A procedure was put into place to "move" the
positional statistics where averages were collected.
This
procedure compares current locality survey data–at the quote
level–with the same quote from the prior survey. Individual rates
from the prior survey are moved by the average change in mean
wages for the occupation.
4
Table A-2. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, all workers2, private industry and State and local government,
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, VA-NC, July 1998
Private industry
Percentiles
Occupation3
Mean
Professional specialty and technical
occupations ..............................................
Professional specialty occupations .............
Engineers, architects, and surveyors .....
Mathematical and computer scientists ...
Natural scientists ....................................
Health related occupations .....................
Registered nurses ..............................
Teachers, college and university ............
Teachers, except college and university
Elementary school teachers ...............
Secondary school teachers ................
Teachers, N.E.C. ................................
Librarians, archivists, and curators .........
Librarians ............................................
Social scientists and urban planners ......
Social, recreation, and religious workers
Social workers ....................................
Lawyers and judges ................................
Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes,
and professionals, N.E.C. .................
Technical occupations ................................
Licensed practical nurses ...................
Executive, administrative, and managerial
occupations ..............................................
Executives, administrators, and
managers ..........................................
Administrators and officials, public
administration ...............................
Financial managers ............................
Managers, marketing, advertising and
public relations ..............................
Managers, food servicing and lodging
establishments ..............................
Managers, service organizations,
N.E.C. ...........................................
Managers and administrators, N.E.C.
Management related occupations ..........
Accountants and auditors ...................
Construction inspectors ......................
Management related occupations,
N.E.C. ...........................................
Sales occupations ..........................................
Supervisors, sales occupations ..........
Sales representatives, mining,
manufacturing, and wholesale ......
Sales workers, other commodities ......
Cashiers .............................................
Administrative support occupations, including
clerical ......................................................
Secretaries .........................................
Hotel clerks .........................................
Receptionists ......................................
Order clerks ........................................
Personnel clerks except payroll and
timekeeping ..................................
Library clerks ......................................
Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing
clerks ............................................
Payroll and timekeeping clerks ...........
Percentiles
Mean
10
25
Median
50
75
90
$5.81
5.92
$7.19
7.30
$9.87
9.90
$15.31
15.40
$22.00
22.26
$15.94
16.03
15.06
15.78
6.50
7.00
8.17
8.51
11.54
12.00
19.00
19.93
27.50
28.86
18.88
19.10
8.76
9.08
12.23
12.74
18.96
19.27
23.93
24.10
29.50
29.53
20.26
22.89
23.20
25.49
–
20.04
17.55
–
–
–
–
14.79
–
–
–
–
–
–
9.91
10.40
16.69
20.08
–
8.22
14.04
–
–
–
–
7.39
–
–
–
–
–
–
13.25
16.07
19.71
21.30
–
14.52
15.00
–
–
–
–
10.40
–
–
–
–
–
–
18.34
20.28
21.07
25.97
–
17.51
17.25
–
–
–
–
14.21
–
–
–
–
–
–
24.04
26.98
25.21
28.86
–
21.00
19.17
–
–
–
–
20.28
–
–
–
–
–
–
32.50
36.42
32.69
31.38
–
25.37
21.63
–
–
–
–
20.83
–
–
–
–
–
–
22.47
22.84
–
–
–
20.13
17.46
–
25.29
24.88
25.85
–
20.58
20.58
–
16.30
16.30
–
14.00
14.33
–
–
–
14.18
14.18
–
19.98
20.27
20.65
–
11.30
11.30
–
11.78
11.78
–
18.41
19.18
–
–
–
15.02
15.27
–
21.54
21.51
21.91
–
12.68
12.68
–
13.67
13.67
–
21.96
22.09
–
–
–
17.89
17.89
–
24.10
23.79
24.56
–
22.12
22.12
–
15.12
15.12
–
25.78
26.05
–
–
–
19.90
19.81
–
28.70
27.55
28.88
–
25.42
25.42
–
19.97
19.97
–
31.25
31.45
–
–
–
22.32
19.97
–
33.09
31.03
34.07
–
25.43
25.43
–
22.04
22.04
–
17.23
15.44
11.07
9.00
9.06
9.45
10.60
11.15
10.50
18.71
13.91
11.15
21.62
19.12
11.45
27.50
23.83
12.74
–
14.97
–
–
10.30
–
–
11.77
–
–
14.48
–
–
17.70
–
–
18.76
–
25.96
15.00
17.48
22.09
34.98
43.58
21.03
12.55
15.29
19.79
25.22
31.07
28.37
15.38
17.63
24.33
36.71
43.58
26.89
21.95
23.30
27.01
31.07
33.63
–
27.77
–
15.87
–
16.68
–
22.50
–
40.38
–
60.54
28.33
–
21.80
–
22.82
–
31.07
–
33.63
–
33.63
–
30.77
18.19
19.23
36.71
36.71
44.09
–
–
–
–
–
–
18.80
11.54
15.38
18.94
20.43
27.88
–
–
–
–
–
–
18.75
31.42
20.26
20.21
–
15.60
15.00
12.98
15.79
–
15.73
19.68
15.87
17.07
–
18.46
36.23
19.47
18.75
–
20.45
43.58
23.99
22.39
–
22.14
43.58
29.04
29.42
–
–
–
16.33
–
15.94
–
–
11.72
–
11.49
–
–
14.30
–
14.21
–
–
16.12
–
15.40
–
–
18.68
–
19.31
–
–
19.89
–
19.89
20.20
10.92
17.21
14.14
5.46
15.82
15.87
6.20
15.82
18.27
8.35
16.83
23.99
14.15
16.83
24.04
18.98
23.10
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
24.58
10.57
6.78
15.00
5.44
5.22
20.00
6.00
5.45
22.60
9.49
6.08
31.49
16.26
7.75
31.49
17.68
8.39
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
9.64
10.44
6.13
7.34
9.60
6.50
6.50
5.50
5.95
6.50
7.21
8.70
5.75
6.00
7.00
8.77
10.02
6.06
7.00
8.17
10.84
11.97
6.50
7.53
9.13
13.25
14.25
6.66
8.77
18.89
10.55
12.02
–
–
–
8.45
10.01
–
–
–
10.01
11.44
–
–
–
12.48
13.67
–
–
–
14.27
16.83
–
–
–
9.62
–
7.50
–
9.00
–
10.00
–
10.47
–
11.16
–
–
7.39
–
( 4)
–
(4)
–
(4)
–
(4)
–
(4)
9.13
10.55
6.76
7.25
7.60
10.10
9.00
10.24
10.44
10.24
11.97
15.45
10.44
–
7.92
–
8.26
–
10.24
–
11.44
–
14.93
–
All occupations ..................................................... $12.48
All occupations excluding sales .......................... 12.60
White-collar occupations .................................
White-collar occupations excluding sales .......
State and local government
See footnotes at end of table.
5
10
25
Median
50
75
90
$8.08 $10.46 $13.87 $20.88 $26.13
8.19 10.55 13.96 20.98 26.14
7.66
9.14
–
–
–
Table A-2. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, all workers2, private industry and State and local government,
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, VA-NC, July 1998 — Continued
Private industry
Percentiles
Occupation3
Mean
White-collar occupations (-Continued)
Administrative support occupations, including
clerical (-Continued)
Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks
Investigators and adjusters except
insurance ......................................
Eligibility clerks, social welfare ...........
General office clerks ...........................
Bank tellers .........................................
Data entry keyers ...............................
Teachers’ aides ..................................
Administrative support occupations,
N.E.C. ...........................................
Blue-collar occupations ...................................
Precision production, craft, and repair
occupations ..............................................
Industrial machinery repairers ............
Mechanics and repairers, N.E.C. ........
Plumbers, pipefitters and steamfitters
Supervisors, production occupations ..
Machine operators, assemblers, and
inspectors .................................................
Miscellaneous machine operators,
N.E.C. ...........................................
Welders and cutters ............................
Assemblers .........................................
Production inspectors, checkers and
examiners .....................................
Transportation and material moving
occupations ..............................................
Truck drivers .......................................
Bus drivers ..........................................
Industrial truck and tractor equipment
operators ......................................
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and
laborers .....................................................
Production helpers ..............................
Stock handlers and baggers ...............
Machine feeders and offbearers .........
Freight, stock, and material handlers,
N.E.C. ...........................................
Vehicle washers and equipment
cleaners ........................................
Hand packers and packagers .............
Laborers except construction, N.E.C.
Service occupations .........................................
Protective service occupations ...............
Supervisors, police and detectives .....
Firefighting occupations ......................
Police and detectives, public service ..
Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law
enforcement officers .....................
Correctional institution officers ...........
Food service occupations .......................
Supervisors, food preparation and
service occupations ......................
Waiters and waitresses ......................
Cooks .................................................
Kitchen workers, food preparation ......
Waiters’/Waitresses’ assistants ..........
Food preparation occupations, N.E.C.
Health service occupations .....................
State and local government
Percentiles
Mean
10
25
Median
50
75
90
$9.03
$7.14
$8.50
$9.50
$9.61
$9.87
–
10.04
–
9.47
8.40
8.31
–
6.80
–
6.00
7.00
5.75
–
8.08
–
7.77
7.25
6.50
–
9.88
–
9.00
7.50
8.05
–
11.37
–
11.63
9.41
9.89
–
13.55
–
12.40
11.10
11.06
–
–
$13.51
9.20
–
–
8.58
9.80
8.12
8.75
9.87
10.95
11.88
–
11.69
6.25
8.00
10.24
14.00
19.58
15.55
15.99
13.82
13.95
22.04
9.50
12.54
9.39
13.08
15.98
12.52
13.44
11.94
13.39
17.88
14.32
14.28
14.00
13.57
21.88
17.88
18.40
16.36
14.32
23.37
11.80
6.00
7.97
10.61
9.95
12.15
11.75
6.00
8.61
5.40
7.00
9.75
6.00
15.42
8.47
10.37
10.06
–
10
25
Median
50
75
90
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
$9.90 $12.35 $14.24 $14.89 $15.63
7.36
7.92
9.08
9.83 11.33
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7.46
7.84
8.34
9.23 10.39
–
–
–
–
–
11.46
7.49
8.70
11.14
13.34
16.21
22.63
21.39
17.73
15.00
31.80
13.22
–
–
–
–
10.14
–
–
–
–
11.12
–
–
–
–
12.91
–
–
–
–
14.89
–
–
–
–
18.23
–
–
–
–
14.00
20.40
–
–
–
–
–
–
9.00
13.09
9.90
12.66
14.00
20.22
13.58
14.00
20.52
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
8.73
16.04
19.50
20.40
–
–
–
–
–
–
7.61
7.08
–
8.65
8.35
–
9.58
9.45
–
11.32
11.25
–
13.86
13.99
–
10.30
–
9.66
7.49
–
7.53
8.47
–
8.18
10.22
–
9.54
11.14
–
10.94
14.17
–
12.14
10.29
7.75
8.96
9.72
10.80
13.14
–
–
–
–
–
–
8.02
8.18
7.55
8.50
5.30
6.00
5.20
3.37
6.25
6.25
5.45
7.32
7.81
7.55
6.75
8.73
9.29
9.16
8.72
9.54
10.34
10.34
9.40
12.64
10.07
–
–
–
6.30
–
–
–
7.33
–
–
–
9.07
–
–
–
12.04
–
–
–
14.37
–
–
–
7.50
5.15
5.81
6.54
8.73
10.24
–
–
–
–
–
–
8.04
8.03
7.69
6.74
5.68
5.15
6.99
6.00
6.00
8.00
7.38
8.20
8.70
8.76
9.50
9.88
11.86
9.52
–
–
7.45
–
–
6.56
–
–
6.98
–
–
7.01
–
–
8.38
–
–
8.45
6.49
7.11
–
–
–
2.75
5.25
–
–
–
5.35
5.60
–
–
–
6.20
6.05
–
–
–
7.76
7.85
–
–
–
9.25
11.12
–
–
–
12.08
13.95
20.25
11.01
14.72
7.11
10.70
12.52
9.08
11.61
9.64
11.02
17.28
10.18
12.18
11.14
12.51
22.82
11.02
14.60
14.07
15.89
22.82
11.14
15.89
16.95
20.81
23.15
12.40
18.59
–
–
5.52
–
–
2.13
–
–
3.13
–
–
5.50
–
–
7.00
–
–
8.67
11.89
11.04
9.07
10.89
9.79
5.45
10.89
10.22
6.90
10.89
10.94
7.28
12.12
11.10
12.07
14.68
12.63
14.96
9.01
3.49
7.39
6.85
4.29
5.94
6.93
5.75
2.13
5.50
5.15
2.35
5.15
5.60
7.00
2.13
6.12
5.55
2.35
5.36
6.00
9.62
2.13
7.25
6.75
5.15
5.51
6.50
11.05
5.00
8.75
7.80
5.15
6.25
7.70
11.70
7.65
9.56
9.50
5.25
7.28
8.90
–
–
–
–
–
–
9.09
–
–
–
–
–
–
5.95
–
–
–
–
–
–
7.66
–
–
–
–
–
–
8.52
–
–
–
–
–
–
10.12
–
–
–
–
–
–
11.96
See footnotes at end of table.
6
Table A-2. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, all workers2, private industry and State and local government,
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, VA-NC, July 1998 — Continued
Private industry
Percentiles
Occupation3
Mean
Service occupations (-Continued)
Health service occupations (-Continued)
Nursing aides, orderlies and
attendants .....................................
Cleaning and building service
occupations ......................................
Supervisors, cleaning and building
service workers .............................
Maids and housemen .........................
Janitors and cleaners .........................
Personal service occupations .................
Service occupations, N.E.C. ...............
State and local government
Percentiles
Mean
10
25
Median
50
75
90
$6.90
$5.75
$6.00
$6.50
$7.61
$8.80
7.29
5.15
5.75
6.28
8.24
10.16
6.20
7.32
7.22
6.77
6.25
5.50
5.15
5.25
3.00
8.41
6.00
5.50
5.65
6.25
11.10
6.28
6.55
6.79
6.94
12.63
6.28
8.24
8.19
8.40
1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They
include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium
pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is
computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers,
weighted by hours. The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 90th percentiles designate position in
the earnings distribution. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the workers receive
the same as or more than the rate shown, and half receive the same as or less than the
rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of the workers earn the same as or less
than the rate shown. At the 75th percentile, one-fourth earn the same as or more than
the rate shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic.
2 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees are classified as
working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each
establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be
considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in
another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover
all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine
major occupational groups.
10
25
Median
50
$8.39
$5.95
$7.49
$8.19
$9.79 $10.94
11.13
9.44
6.53
7.50
10.22
10.81
11.62
12.63
6.75
11.13
10.14
8.40
–
–
8.61
9.00
–
–
–
6.50
6.42
–
–
–
6.67
6.42
–
–
–
8.41
7.84
–
–
–
10.37
11.00
–
–
–
10.81
13.92
–
75
90
4 The positional statistics for this occupation were suppressed because some were
below the minimum wage. In this update survey, an average decrease in mean wages
for this occupation was applied to the positional statistics, causing the 10th percentile to
go below the minimum wage.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication
criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for
categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means not elsewhere classified. IN THIS SURVEY, THE NONRESPONSE RATE FOR PRIVATE INDUSTRY EXCEEDED REGULAR
SURVEY STANDARDS FOR PUBLICATION. ACCORDINGLY, USERS SHOULD INTERPRET THESE RESULTS WITH THIS LIMITATION IN MIND.
NOTE: Individual and average wage rates were collected in this update survey. A
procedure was put into place to "move" the positional statistics where averages were
collected. This procedure compares current locality survey data–at the quote level–with
the same quote from the prior survey. Individual rates from the prior survey are moved by
the average change in mean wages for the occupation.
7
Table A-3. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, full-time and part-time workers2, all industries, Norfolk-Virginia
Beach-Newport News, VA-NC, July 1998
All industries
Full-time
Occupation3
Percentiles
Mean
10
All occupations ..................................................... $14.23
All occupations excluding sales .......................... 14.32
White-collar occupations .................................
White-collar occupations excluding sales .......
Professional specialty and technical
occupations ..............................................
Professional specialty occupations .............
Engineers, architects, and surveyors .....
Mathematical and computer scientists ...
Natural scientists ....................................
Health related occupations .....................
Physicians ..........................................
Registered nurses ..............................
Teachers, college and university ............
Teachers, except college and university
Elementary school teachers ...............
Secondary school teachers ................
Teachers, N.E.C. ................................
Vocational and educational
counselors ....................................
Librarians, archivists, and curators .........
Librarians ............................................
Social scientists and urban planners ......
Social, recreation, and religious workers
Social workers ....................................
Lawyers and judges ................................
Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes,
and professionals, N.E.C. .................
Technical occupations ................................
Licensed practical nurses ...................
Technical and related occupations,
N.E.C. ...........................................
Executive, administrative, and managerial
occupations ..............................................
Executives, administrators, and
managers ..........................................
Administrators and officials, public
administration ...............................
Financial managers ............................
Managers, marketing, advertising and
public relations ..............................
Managers, food servicing and lodging
establishments ..............................
Managers, service organizations,
N.E.C. ...........................................
Managers and administrators, N.E.C.
Management related occupations ..........
Accountants and auditors ...................
Purchasing agents and buyers,
N.E.C. ...........................................
Construction inspectors ......................
Management related occupations,
N.E.C. ...........................................
Sales occupations ..........................................
Supervisors, sales occupations ..........
Sales occupations, other business
services ........................................
Sales representatives, mining,
manufacturing, and wholesale ......
Sales workers, other commodities ......
Cashiers .............................................
Part-time
$6.88
7.00
25
Median
50
$8.58 $11.72
8.65 11.80
Percentiles
Mean
75
90
$17.77
18.00
$24.09
24.28
10
25
Median
50
75
90
$6.96
7.02
$5.15
5.15
$5.45
5.45
$6.13
6.20
$7.25
7.25
$9.56
9.56
16.96
17.43
7.53
7.89
9.46
9.90
14.56
15.02
21.95
22.26
29.17
29.53
8.39
9.19
5.44
6.00
6.00
6.50
6.65
7.00
8.61
9.50
15.09
18.00
21.43
23.19
23.52
–
–
20.25
28.91
17.48
–
25.67
25.55
26.45
19.52
11.15
13.87
16.69
–
–
8.22
7.30
14.04
–
19.42
20.42
20.81
7.39
15.13
17.69
20.00
–
–
14.46
7.70
14.91
–
21.51
21.63
22.20
10.40
20.28
21.76
22.00
–
–
17.52
8.22
17.26
–
24.50
24.09
25.89
14.21
25.25
26.89
26.36
–
–
20.76
55.87
19.41
–
29.50
28.68
29.87
20.28
32.15
33.65
32.69
–
–
26.05
74.98
21.35
–
34.59
33.27
34.02
38.96
16.00
16.61
–
–
–
18.32
–
17.87
–
–
–
–
–
8.00
9.00
–
–
–
14.85
–
14.85
–
–
–
–
–
10.20
13.89
–
–
–
16.14
–
15.85
–
–
–
–
–
16.76
17.00
–
–
–
18.37
–
18.00
–
–
–
–
–
20.00
20.28
–
–
–
20.00
–
19.15
–
–
–
–
–
21.27
21.79
–
–
–
21.27
–
21.12
–
–
–
–
–
30.25
24.62
24.62
26.27
16.54
16.54
–
21.86
12.34
12.34
10.95
11.84
11.84
–
23.86
19.27
19.27
24.47
13.87
13.87
–
29.50
25.42
25.42
26.92
15.69
15.69
–
33.81
36.42
36.42
31.25
19.93
19.93
–
47.39
36.42
36.42
33.80
22.04
22.04
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
19.08
15.49
11.33
11.67
9.40
9.52
15.48
11.15
10.30
19.24
14.00
11.15
22.93
18.70
11.66
27.50
23.06
12.96
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
11.62
9.06
10.25
10.25
13.91
17.97
–
–
–
–
–
–
24.53
14.30
16.82
21.20
29.42
40.38
–
–
–
–
–
–
28.07
15.87
18.94
26.22
36.23
43.58
–
–
–
–
–
–
28.33
27.77
21.80
15.87
22.82
16.68
31.07
22.50
33.63
40.38
33.63
60.54
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
30.77
18.19
19.23
36.71
36.71
44.09
–
–
–
–
–
–
18.80
11.54
15.38
18.94
20.43
27.88
–
–
–
–
–
–
18.75
31.31
18.56
19.68
15.60
15.11
11.88
15.79
15.73
19.68
14.95
17.07
18.46
34.45
18.27
18.75
20.45
43.58
22.09
22.39
22.14
43.58
24.62
24.62
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
17.41
15.94
14.95
11.49
14.98
14.21
17.47
15.40
19.37
19.31
20.29
19.89
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
20.37
12.37
17.21
14.14
6.15
15.82
15.87
7.00
15.82
23.80
9.62
16.83
23.99
16.06
16.83
24.04
20.63
23.10
–
6.58
–
–
5.22
–
–
5.45
–
–
5.90
–
–
6.70
–
–
9.14
–
11.13
6.20
6.65
8.63
14.15
18.98
–
–
–
–
–
–
24.58
12.46
7.72
15.00
5.39
5.75
20.00
6.78
6.37
22.60
11.77
7.09
31.49
17.68
8.08
31.49
17.68
12.24
–
6.89
6.09
–
5.21
5.22
–
5.45
5.30
–
6.00
5.60
–
7.09
6.25
–
9.49
8.33
See footnotes at end of table.
8
Table A-3. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, full-time and part-time workers2, all industries, Norfolk-Virginia
Beach-Newport News, VA-NC, July 1998 — Continued
All industries
Full-time
Occupation3
Percentiles
Mean
Percentiles
Mean
10
25
Median
50
75
90
10
25
Median
50
75
90
$7.00
9.22
11.09
7.25
6.19
–
7.25
$8.14
16.10
12.02
9.16
7.00
–
8.54
$9.40
21.54
12.97
10.71
7.20
–
10.50
$11.63
22.26
14.37
12.38
8.00
–
10.63
$14.30
22.26
15.57
14.95
12.23
–
10.63
$7.04
–
–
–
5.99
7.50
–
$5.75
–
–
–
5.25
6.35
–
$6.50
–
–
–
5.72
6.78
–
$6.65
–
–
–
6.00
7.00
–
$7.25
–
–
–
6.00
8.40
–
$9.18
–
–
–
6.63
9.38
–
7.00
7.25
7.14
7.60
10.10
8.49
9.09
10.24
9.50
10.85
10.24
9.66
12.00
15.45
12.00
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
6.80
10.08
6.56
5.75
7.46
8.37
11.81
8.17
7.50
7.84
9.88
14.24
9.27
8.05
8.34
11.45
14.81
11.15
9.89
9.24
13.60
15.63
12.36
11.06
10.39
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
8.70
9.00
9.87
10.47
11.88
–
–
–
–
–
–
11.87
6.85
8.47
10.53
14.00
18.76
7.14
5.15
5.50
6.15
7.66
9.97
15.09
18.25
16.19
15.99
9.65
15.90
11.90
12.54
12.00
16.00
13.34
13.44
14.09
17.19
13.34
14.28
17.21
20.34
19.05
18.40
22.50
22.63
22.15
21.39
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
12.44
13.46
17.13
13.95
11.49
21.89
10.39
9.75
14.00
12.25
7.76
16.07
10.39
11.80
14.00
13.39
7.76
17.51
12.52
13.30
16.56
13.57
10.19
21.88
14.14
15.42
18.20
14.32
14.17
23.32
15.00
17.25
22.91
15.16
18.67
31.80
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
11.64
6.06
7.75
10.25
14.00
20.40
–
–
–
–
–
–
9.82
12.15
11.75
6.00
8.61
5.40
7.20
9.75
6.00
8.75
13.09
9.90
12.66
14.00
20.22
13.58
14.00
20.52
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15.42
8.47
8.73
16.04
19.50
20.40
–
–
–
–
–
–
10.49
10.35
–
7.61
7.61
–
8.65
8.43
–
10.00
9.58
–
11.37
11.54
–
13.99
15.12
–
8.38
–
9.41
6.19
–
7.68
7.49
–
8.12
7.75
–
8.70
9.22
–
9.90
10.29
7.75
8.96
9.72
10.80
13.14
–
–
–
–
–
–
10.45
8.83
8.83
10.22
11.10
11.14
–
–
–
–
–
–
8.51
7.87
8.23
9.38
8.50
5.81
6.00
6.00
5.41
3.37
6.99
6.24
6.25
8.24
7.32
8.33
7.11
7.55
8.75
8.73
9.73
8.72
9.16
9.40
9.54
12.04
10.58
10.34
14.23
12.64
6.22
–
–
5.79
–
5.15
–
–
5.20
–
5.30
–
–
5.30
–
5.87
–
–
5.50
–
6.50
–
–
6.00
–
7.00
–
–
6.75
–
7.48
5.15
5.81
6.54
8.73
10.24
–
–
–
–
–
–
8.04
8.07
8.18
6.74
5.68
6.75
6.99
6.00
7.01
8.00
8.75
8.45
8.70
8.76
9.50
9.88
12.63
9.52
–
–
5.49
–
–
5.15
–
–
5.15
–
–
5.15
–
–
6.00
–
–
6.30
White-collar occupations (-Continued)
Administrative support occupations, including
clerical ...................................................... $10.25
Supervisors, general office ................. 18.68
Computer operators ............................ 14.47
Secretaries ......................................... 11.11
Receptionists ......................................
7.79
Order clerks ........................................
–
Records clerks, N.E.C. .......................
9.78
Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing
clerks ............................................
9.41
Payroll and timekeeping clerks ........... 10.47
Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks
8.98
Investigators and adjusters except
insurance ...................................... 10.18
Eligibility clerks, social welfare ........... 13.28
General office clerks ...........................
9.62
Data entry keyers ...............................
8.35
Teachers’ aides ..................................
8.60
Administrative support occupations,
N.E.C. ...........................................
9.97
Blue-collar occupations ...................................
Precision production, craft, and repair
occupations ..............................................
Supervisors, mechanics and repairers
Automobile mechanics .......................
Industrial machinery repairers ............
Heating, air conditioning, and
refrigeration mechanics ................
Mechanics and repairers, N.E.C. ........
Electricians .........................................
Plumbers, pipefitters and steamfitters
Construction trades, N.E.C. ................
Supervisors, production occupations ..
Machine operators, assemblers, and
inspectors .................................................
Miscellaneous machine operators,
N.E.C. ...........................................
Welders and cutters ............................
Assemblers .........................................
Production inspectors, checkers and
examiners .....................................
Transportation and material moving
occupations ..............................................
Truck drivers .......................................
Bus drivers ..........................................
Industrial truck and tractor equipment
operators ......................................
Miscellaneous material moving
equipment operators, N.E.C. ........
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and
laborers .....................................................
Construction laborers .........................
Production helpers ..............................
Stock handlers and baggers ...............
Machine feeders and offbearers .........
Freight, stock, and material handlers,
N.E.C. ...........................................
Vehicle washers and equipment
cleaners ........................................
Hand packers and packagers .............
Laborers except construction, N.E.C.
Part-time
See footnotes at end of table.
9
11.49
–
12.24
Table A-3. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, full-time and part-time workers2, all industries, Norfolk-Virginia
Beach-Newport News, VA-NC, July 1998 — Continued
All industries
Full-time
Occupation3
Percentiles
Mean
Service occupations .........................................
Protective service occupations ...............
Supervisors, police and detectives .....
Firefighting occupations ......................
Police and detectives, public service ..
Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law
enforcement officers .....................
Correctional institution officers ...........
Guards and police except public
service ..........................................
Food service occupations .......................
Supervisors, food preparation and
service occupations ......................
Waiters and waitresses ......................
Cooks .................................................
Kitchen workers, food preparation ......
Waiters’/Waitresses’ assistants ..........
Food preparation occupations, N.E.C.
Health service occupations .....................
Nursing aides, orderlies and
attendants .....................................
Cleaning and building service
occupations ......................................
Supervisors, cleaning and building
service workers .............................
Maids and housemen .........................
Janitors and cleaners .........................
Personal service occupations .................
Service occupations, N.E.C. ...............
Part-time
Percentiles
Mean
10
25
Median
50
75
90
10
25
Median
50
75
90
$9.60
12.90
20.25
11.01
14.72
$5.51
6.75
12.52
9.08
11.61
$6.67
10.89
17.28
10.18
12.18
$8.85
11.74
22.82
11.02
14.60
$11.50
15.44
22.82
11.14
15.89
$15.04
19.61
23.15
12.40
18.59
$5.78
6.54
–
–
–
$2.35
5.15
–
–
–
$5.15
5.25
–
–
–
$5.71
5.75
–
–
–
$6.45
6.25
–
–
–
$8.16
7.50
–
–
–
11.89
11.04
10.89
9.79
10.89
10.22
10.89
10.94
12.12
11.10
14.68
12.63
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7.82
6.39
5.50
2.13
5.90
3.13
6.65
6.72
9.65
8.00
11.28
10.63
–
5.09
–
2.13
–
3.86
–
5.29
–
6.10
–
7.25
10.56
2.30
7.79
–
–
6.70
7.78
7.00
( 4)
6.12
–
–
5.25
5.97
8.00
(4)
6.41
–
–
5.61
6.54
11.05
(4)
7.80
–
–
6.60
7.66
11.70
(4)
9.00
–
–
7.25
8.81
14.96
(4)
9.56
–
–
8.12
10.01
–
4.29
6.42
5.88
4.29
5.59
6.58
–
2.13
5.15
5.15
2.35
5.07
5.58
–
2.13
5.43
5.30
2.35
5.33
6.00
–
2.17
6.00
5.66
5.15
5.50
6.00
–
6.67
7.43
6.50
5.15
5.60
6.50
–
8.16
8.50
7.00
5.25
6.20
7.83
7.57
5.97
6.40
7.30
8.39
9.76
6.30
5.60
6.00
6.00
6.36
7.00
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
–
–
(4)
5.25
–
–
–
(4)
5.60
–
–
–
(4)
6.00
–
–
–
(4)
7.31
–
8.90
6.25
6.65
8.41
10.81
11.62
6.31
( 4)
10.95
6.31
8.93
8.71
7.61
8.41
5.65
6.35
6.25
6.25
10.45
6.15
7.00
6.42
6.25
10.89
6.28
8.41
7.92
7.86
11.62
6.36
10.81
10.14
8.40
13.83
6.88
11.38
13.92
8.79
–
–
6.35
5.60
–
–
–
(4)
3.00
–
1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They
include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium
pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is
computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers,
weighted by hours. The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 90th percentiles designate position in
the earnings distribution. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the workers receive
the same as or more than the rate shown, and half receive the same as or less than the
rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of the workers earn the same as or less
than the rate shown. At the 75th percentile, one-fourth earn the same as or more than
the rate shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic.
2 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based
on the definition used by each establishment.
Therefore, a worker with a
35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one
establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the
minimum full-time schedule.
3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover
all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine
major occupational groups.
4 The positional statistics for this occupation were suppressed because some were
below the minimum wage. In this update survey, an average decrease in mean wages
for this occupation was applied to the positional statistics, causing the 10th percentile to
go below the minimum wage.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication
criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for
categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified."
NOTE: Individual and average wage rates were collected in this update survey. A
procedure was put into place to "move" the positional statistics where averages were
collected. This procedure compares current locality survey data–at the quote level–with
the same quote from the prior survey. Individual rates from the prior survey are moved by
the average change in mean wages for the occupation.
10
Table A-4. Weekly and annual earnings1 and hours for selected occupations, full-time workers only2, all industries,
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, VA-NC, July 1998
All industries
Occupation3
Mean
weekly
hours4
Weekly earnings
Mean
Median
Mean
annual
hours
Annual earnings
Mean
Median
All occupations .......................................................................
All occupations excluding sales ............................................
39.8
39.8
$566
569
$475
478
1,992
1,988
$28,339
28,476
$24,840
24,960
White-collar occupations ...................................................
White-collar occupations excluding sales .........................
39.6
39.6
672
690
588
605
1,943
1,931
32,951
33,657
29,764
30,265
Professional specialty and technical occupations ............
Professional specialty occupations ...............................
Engineers, architects, and surveyors .......................
Mathematical and computer scientists .....................
Natural scientists ......................................................
Health related occupations .......................................
Physicians ............................................................
Registered nurses ................................................
Teachers, college and university ..............................
Teachers, except college and university ..................
Elementary school teachers .................................
Secondary school teachers ..................................
Teachers, N.E.C. ..................................................
Vocational and educational counselors ................
Librarians, archivists, and curators ...........................
Librarians ..............................................................
Social scientists and urban planners ........................
Social, recreation, and religious workers ..................
Social workers ......................................................
Lawyers and judges ..................................................
Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and
professionals, N.E.C. ..........................................
Technical occupations ..................................................
Licensed practical nurses .....................................
Technical and related occupations, N.E.C. ..........
Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ...
Executives, administrators, and managers ...............
Administrators and officials, public administration
Financial managers ..............................................
Managers, marketing, advertising and public
relations ..........................................................
Managers, food servicing and lodging
establishments ................................................
Managers, service organizations, N.E.C. .............
Managers and administrators, N.E.C. ..................
Management related occupations ............................
Accountants and auditors .....................................
Purchasing agents and buyers, N.E.C. ................
Construction inspectors ........................................
Management related occupations, N.E.C. ............
Sales occupations ............................................................
Supervisors, sales occupations ............................
Sales occupations, other business services .........
Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing,
and wholesale .................................................
Sales workers, other commodities ........................
Cashiers ...............................................................
Administrative support occupations, including clerical .....
Supervisors, general office ...................................
Computer operators ..............................................
Secretaries ...........................................................
Receptionists ........................................................
Records clerks, N.E.C. .........................................
Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ......
Payroll and timekeeping clerks .............................
Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks ...................
Investigators and adjusters except insurance ......
Eligibility clerks, social welfare .............................
General office clerks .............................................
Data entry keyers .................................................
Teachers’ aides ....................................................
39.2
39.0
40.0
–
–
41.5
59.6
38.9
–
35.7
35.5
35.4
38.6
36.0
37.8
37.8
38.5
40.0
40.0
–
841
904
940
–
–
841
1,723
680
–
916
906
935
753
1,090
931
931
1,011
661
661
–
797
833
880
–
–
694
1,862
667
–
864
850
909
568
1,080
1,017
1,017
1,077
628
628
–
1,813
1,747
2,079
–
–
2,129
3,099
1,990
–
1,393
1,361
1,352
1,824
1,406
1,680
1,680
1,801
2,079
2,079
–
38,863
40,507
48,882
–
–
43,111
89,571
34,789
–
35,762
34,782
35,767
35,593
42,530
41,359
41,359
47,320
34,391
34,391
–
35,224
36,546
45,760
–
–
35,734
96,824
34,424
–
33,653
32,641
33,995
30,817
41,517
45,889
45,889
50,107
32,635
32,635
–
40.1
40.0
40.0
39.6
40.6
41.0
39.9
41.7
765
620
453
460
997
1,151
1,132
1,159
770
560
446
410
896
1,058
1,243
900
2,020
2,081
2,080
2,058
2,109
2,127
2,077
2,171
38,541
32,242
23,574
23,918
51,740
59,694
58,842
60,284
38,917
29,099
23,192
21,320
46,571
54,531
64,626
46,800
42.8
1,317
1,652
2,226
68,473
85,901
40.3
40.7
40.2
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
39.7
42.8
36.9
759
763
1,258
742
787
696
638
815
491
736
411
758
738
1,378
731
750
699
616
952
380
650
315
2,098
2,117
2,090
2,080
2,080
2,080
2,080
2,080
2,065
2,223
1,921
39,443
39,680
65,424
38,603
40,932
36,205
33,155
42,371
25,544
38,262
21,371
39,395
38,397
71,656
38,002
39,000
36,338
32,032
49,504
19,760
33,800
16,380
40.0
39.4
38.8
39.7
40.0
39.6
39.4
39.5
40.0
39.8
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
39.8
40.0
35.2
983
492
300
407
747
572
438
308
391
375
419
359
407
531
383
334
303
904
446
281
375
862
519
428
280
420
363
410
380
395
570
371
322
303
2,080
2,051
2,020
2,014
2,080
2,057
2,003
2,054
2,080
2,027
2,080
1,684
2,080
2,080
2,055
2,080
1,313
51,132
25,560
15,601
20,642
38,854
29,770
22,246
16,009
20,334
19,079
21,782
15,120
21,182
27,626
19,774
17,373
11,285
47,008
23,171
14,609
19,178
44,803
26,978
21,549
14,560
21,840
18,886
21,299
17,992
20,550
29,626
19,261
16,744
11,304
See footnotes at end of table.
11
Table A-4. Weekly and annual earnings1 and hours for selected occupations, full-time workers only2, all industries,
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, VA-NC, July 1998 — Continued
All industries
Occupation3
Mean
Median
Mean
annual
hours
40.0
$399
$395
2,080
$20,743
$20,530
Blue-collar occupations .....................................................
Precision production, craft, and repair occupations ..........
Supervisors, mechanics and repairers .................
Automobile mechanics .........................................
Industrial machinery repairers ..............................
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration
mechanics ......................................................
Mechanics and repairers, N.E.C. ..........................
Electricians ...........................................................
Plumbers, pipefitters and steamfitters ..................
Construction trades, N.E.C. ..................................
Supervisors, production occupations ....................
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ..............
Miscellaneous machine operators, N.E.C. ...........
Welders and cutters ..............................................
Assemblers ...........................................................
Production inspectors, checkers and examiners ..
Transportation and material moving occupations .............
Truck drivers .........................................................
Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators ..
Miscellaneous material moving equipment
operators, N.E.C. ............................................
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ......
Construction laborers ...........................................
Production helpers ................................................
Stock handlers and baggers .................................
Machine feeders and offbearers ...........................
Freight, stock, and material handlers, N.E.C. .......
Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners ............
Hand packers and packagers ...............................
Laborers except construction, N.E.C. ...................
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
475
604
730
648
640
420
563
688
534
571
2,059
2,079
2,080
2,080
2,080
24,441
31,383
37,967
33,684
33,255
21,611
29,295
35,750
27,747
29,709
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.1
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.3
40.7
40.0
498
538
685
558
460
877
466
393
486
470
617
423
422
412
501
532
662
543
408
875
410
350
524
396
642
400
383
389
2,072
2,080
2,080
2,080
2,080
2,085
2,064
2,011
2,080
2,080
2,080
2,049
2,117
2,080
25,777
27,995
35,638
29,010
23,908
45,623
24,035
19,747
25,269
24,442
32,073
21,493
21,919
21,405
25,248
27,664
34,445
28,223
21,197
45,510
21,029
17,430
27,229
20,592
33,363
19,920
19,920
20,227
40.0
39.7
40.0
40.0
38.8
39.7
39.3
40.0
40.0
40.0
418
338
315
329
364
337
294
322
323
327
409
333
284
302
349
349
250
320
350
338
2,080
2,032
2,080
2,080
2,017
2,063
1,865
2,080
2,080
2,080
21,742
17,305
16,360
17,120
18,906
17,544
13,955
16,731
16,796
17,005
21,258
17,146
14,789
15,704
18,137
18,158
12,195
16,640
18,200
17,576
Service occupations ...........................................................
Protective service occupations .................................
Supervisors, police and detectives .......................
Firefighting occupations ........................................
Police and detectives, public service ....................
Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement
officers ............................................................
Correctional institution officers .............................
Guards and police except public service ..............
Food service occupations .........................................
Supervisors, food preparation and service
occupations ....................................................
Waiters and waitresses ........................................
Cooks ...................................................................
Food preparation occupations, N.E.C. .................
39.7
41.8
41.0
48.0
41.2
381
538
829
529
606
336
499
926
540
584
2,022
2,171
2,130
2,496
2,141
19,421
28,000
43,132
27,487
31,502
17,430
25,960
48,153
28,056
30,368
40.0
40.0
40.0
37.9
476
441
313
242
436
438
266
245
2,080
2,080
2,080
1,885
24,736
22,958
16,273
12,046
22,651
22,755
13,832
11,437
38.7
38.5
38.5
34.4
409
88
300
231
432
85
308
210
1,969
1,999
1,963
1,584
20,797
4,590
15,295
10,615
22,110
4,430
15,925
10,296
White-collar occupations (-Continued)
Administrative support occupations, including clerical
(-Continued)
Administrative support occupations, N.E.C. .........
Mean
weekly
hours4
See footnotes at end of table.
12
Weekly earnings
Annual earnings
Mean
Median
Table A-4. Weekly and annual earnings1 and hours for selected occupations, full-time workers only2, all industries,
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, VA-NC, July 1998 — Continued
All industries
Occupation3
Service occupations (-Continued)
Health service occupations .......................................
Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants ...............
Cleaning and building service occupations ..............
Supervisors, cleaning and building service
workers ...........................................................
Maids and housemen ...........................................
Janitors and cleaners ...........................................
Personal service occupations ...................................
Service occupations, N.E.C. .................................
Mean
weekly
hours4
Mean
Median
Mean
annual
hours
38.2
38.0
39.6
$297
288
352
$291
284
336
1,984
1,977
2,016
$15,444
14,955
17,955
$15,132
14,789
17,218
40.3
39.5
39.3
38.7
40.0
442
249
351
337
304
436
251
336
306
314
2,097
2,052
1,984
1,887
2,080
22,964
12,944
17,711
16,431
15,825
22,649
13,062
17,218
15,333
16,349
1 Earnings are the straight-time wages or salaries paid to employees. They
include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are
premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips.
The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the
number of workers, weighted by hours.
The median designates
position--one-half of the workers receive the same as or more, and one-half
receive the same as or less than the rate shown.
2 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time
schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a
worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time
employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where
a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used
to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified
into one of nine major occupational groups.
Weekly earnings
Annual earnings
Mean
Median
4 Mean weekly hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a
week, exclusive of overtime.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet
publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may
include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere
classified."
NOTE: Individual and average wage rates were collected in this update survey.
A procedure was put into place to "move" the positional statistics where averages
were collected. This procedure compares current locality survey data–at the
quote level–with the same quote from the prior survey. Individual rates from the
prior survey are moved by the average change in mean wages for the
occupation.
13
Table B-1. Mean hourly earnings1 by occupational group and levels2, all industries, private industry,
State and local government, full-time and part-time workers, Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News,
VA-NC, July 1998
All workers 4
All industries
All industries
Private
industry
State and
local
government
Full-time
workers
Part-time
workers
All occupations .......................................................................
All occupations excluding sales ............................................
$13.32
13.47
$12.48
12.60
$15.94
16.03
$14.23
14.32
$6.96
7.02
White-collar occupations ...................................................
Level 1 ..............................................................
Level 2 ..............................................................
Level 3 ..............................................................
Level 4 ..............................................................
Level 5 ..............................................................
Level 6 ..............................................................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Level 8 ..............................................................
Level 9 ..............................................................
Level 10 ............................................................
Level 11 ............................................................
Level 12 ............................................................
Level 13 ............................................................
Not able to be leveled .......................................
White-collar occupations excluding sales .........................
Level 1 ..............................................................
Level 2 ..............................................................
Level 3 ..............................................................
Level 4 ..............................................................
Level 5 ..............................................................
Level 6 ..............................................................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Level 8 ..............................................................
Level 9 ..............................................................
Level 10 ............................................................
Level 11 ............................................................
Level 12 ............................................................
Level 13 ............................................................
Not able to be leveled .......................................
16.13
6.74
7.05
8.92
10.29
12.30
13.29
16.59
18.21
24.06
26.22
29.55
36.58
26.86
20.16
16.80
6.54
7.34
8.73
10.47
11.87
13.37
16.45
18.21
24.14
25.61
29.93
36.58
26.86
20.16
15.06
6.79
6.89
8.92
10.20
12.61
12.78
16.21
16.59
23.64
25.70
31.58
42.15
–
20.88
15.78
6.54
7.16
8.65
10.39
12.02
12.92
15.98
16.56
23.78
24.86
32.34
42.15
–
20.88
18.88
–
8.29
8.89
10.92
11.32
13.91
17.43
20.35
24.56
28.62
25.74
22.53
–
–
19.10
–
8.29
9.06
10.87
11.41
13.91
17.43
20.35
24.56
28.62
25.68
22.53
–
–
16.96
7.68
7.33
9.05
10.72
12.38
13.29
16.56
18.26
24.19
26.36
29.57
36.58
26.86
22.10
17.43
7.19
7.35
8.83
10.63
11.96
13.37
16.41
18.26
24.27
25.76
29.96
36.58
26.86
22.10
8.39
–
6.44
7.32
7.53
–
–
–
17.10
19.69
–
–
–
–
–
9.19
–
7.31
7.44
8.35
–
–
–
17.10
19.69
–
–
–
–
–
Professional specialty and technical occupations ............
Professional specialty occupations ...............................
Level 5 ..............................................................
Level 6 ..............................................................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Level 8 ..............................................................
Level 9 ..............................................................
Level 10 ............................................................
Level 11 ............................................................
Level 12 ............................................................
Not able to be leveled .......................................
Engineers, architects, and surveyors .......................
Level 11 ............................................................
Mathematical and computer scientists .....................
Natural scientists ......................................................
Health related occupations .......................................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Level 8 ..............................................................
Level 9 ..............................................................
Teachers, college and university ..............................
Teachers, except college and university ..................
Level 8 ..............................................................
Level 9 ..............................................................
Librarians, archivists, and curators ...........................
Social scientists and urban planners ........................
Social, religious, and recreation workers ..................
Level 5 ..............................................................
Level 6 ..............................................................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Level 8 ..............................................................
Lawyers and judges ..................................................
21.20
22.87
11.44
14.67
17.36
18.55
24.48
27.57
27.88
40.56
18.34
23.52
27.96
25.47
–
20.06
15.91
14.48
–
–
25.62
24.51
26.76
24.62
26.27
16.53
11.47
13.50
14.43
16.33
–
20.26
22.89
–
–
16.02
15.36
23.76
27.02
31.06
48.74
17.95
23.20
–
25.49
–
20.04
16.16
12.83
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
22.47
22.84
11.62
13.70
18.82
21.47
24.96
28.62
22.68
–
–
–
–
–
–
20.13
–
17.55
–
–
25.29
–
25.54
20.58
–
16.30
11.38
13.50
–
14.68
–
21.43
23.19
11.44
14.67
17.31
18.65
24.66
27.90
27.89
40.56
21.45
23.52
27.96
–
–
20.25
15.60
14.19
–
–
25.67
24.59
26.82
24.62
26.27
16.54
11.47
13.50
–
16.33
–
16.00
16.61
–
–
–
17.06
19.69
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
18.32
–
17.05
19.40
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Occupational group3 and level
See footnotes at end of table.
14
Table B-1. Mean hourly earnings1 by occupational group and levels2, all industries, private industry,
State and local government, full-time and part-time workers, Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News,
VA-NC, July 1998 — Continued
All workers 4
All industries
All industries
Private
industry
State and
local
government
Full-time
workers
Part-time
workers
White-collar occupations (-Continued)
Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and
professionals, N.E.C. ..........................................
Technical occupations ..................................................
Level 4 ..............................................................
Level 5 ..............................................................
Level 6 ..............................................................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Level 8 ..............................................................
Level 9 ..............................................................
Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ...
Level 5 ..............................................................
Level 6 ..............................................................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Level 8 ..............................................................
Level 9 ..............................................................
Level 11 ............................................................
Level 12 ............................................................
Executives, administrators, and managers ...............
Level 8 ..............................................................
Level 9 ..............................................................
Level 11 ............................................................
Level 12 ............................................................
Management related occupations ............................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Level 8 ..............................................................
Level 9 ..............................................................
Sales occupations ............................................................
Level 1 ..............................................................
Level 2 ..............................................................
Level 3 ..............................................................
Level 4 ..............................................................
Level 5 ..............................................................
Administrative support occupations, including clerical .....
Level 1 ..............................................................
Level 2 ..............................................................
Level 3 ..............................................................
Level 4 ..............................................................
Level 5 ..............................................................
Level 6 ..............................................................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Not able to be leveled .......................................
$17.08
15.40
10.57
12.01
13.00
16.43
15.93
20.83
24.53
16.09
14.34
17.24
17.51
23.91
31.31
32.54
28.07
18.55
26.54
31.59
32.68
18.56
17.60
17.02
20.15
10.84
7.37
6.10
9.77
–
14.27
9.81
6.54
7.34
8.79
10.46
11.18
12.40
14.48
10.61
$17.23
15.44
10.57
12.00
13.17
16.68
15.63
20.93
25.96
–
–
17.69
18.10
24.75
33.50
35.51
28.37
17.23
26.74
34.26
35.51
20.26
–
–
21.05
10.92
7.70
6.10
10.00
–
15.22
9.64
6.54
7.16
8.72
10.37
11.16
11.47
14.63
–
–
$14.97
–
–
–
–
–
–
21.03
–
–
–
16.86
17.89
27.91
–
26.89
–
–
27.91
–
16.33
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
10.55
–
8.29
9.06
10.87
11.24
13.23
13.65
–
$19.08
15.49
10.70
12.01
13.00
16.43
15.91
20.83
24.53
16.09
14.34
17.24
17.51
23.91
31.31
32.54
28.07
18.55
26.54
31.59
32.68
18.56
17.60
17.02
20.15
12.37
8.08
–
10.04
11.14
14.52
10.25
7.19
7.35
8.90
10.62
11.30
12.40
14.48
10.61
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
$6.58
–
5.62
–
–
–
7.04
–
7.31
7.44
–
–
–
–
–
Blue-collar occupations .........................................................
Level 1 ..............................................................
Level 2 ..............................................................
Level 3 ..............................................................
Level 4 ..............................................................
Level 5 ..............................................................
Level 6 ..............................................................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Level 8 ..............................................................
Level 9 ..............................................................
Precision production, craft, and repair occupations ..........
Level 3 ..............................................................
Level 4 ..............................................................
Level 5 ..............................................................
Level 6 ..............................................................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Level 8 ..............................................................
Level 9 ..............................................................
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ..............
Level 1 ..............................................................
Level 2 ..............................................................
11.66
7.02
8.31
10.72
10.92
11.73
13.82
15.98
17.78
22.25
15.09
9.25
10.91
12.22
14.26
15.93
17.74
22.51
11.67
6.69
8.08
11.69
7.02
8.40
10.97
11.09
11.65
13.97
16.60
17.83
22.80
15.55
9.50
11.07
12.23
–
16.60
17.79
23.12
11.80
6.65
8.08
11.46
7.07
7.11
8.43
10.12
11.96
12.75
13.77
–
–
13.22
–
–
12.21
–
13.77
–
–
–
–
–
11.87
7.22
8.39
11.04
10.86
11.77
13.82
15.98
17.78
22.25
15.09
9.25
10.91
12.22
14.26
15.93
17.74
22.51
11.64
6.69
8.08
7.14
5.65
7.41
7.33
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Occupational group3 and level
See footnotes at end of table.
15
Table B-1. Mean hourly earnings1 by occupational group and levels2, all industries, private industry,
State and local government, full-time and part-time workers, Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News,
VA-NC, July 1998 — Continued
All workers 4
All industries
All industries
Private
industry
State and
local
government
Full-time
workers
Part-time
workers
Blue-collar occupations (-Continued)
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
(-Continued)
Level 3 ..............................................................
Level 4 ..............................................................
Level 5 ..............................................................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Transportation and material moving occupations .............
Level 2 ..............................................................
Level 3 ..............................................................
Level 4 ..............................................................
Level 5 ..............................................................
Level 6 ..............................................................
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers .....
Level 1 ..............................................................
Level 2 ..............................................................
Level 3 ..............................................................
Level 4 ..............................................................
Level 5 ..............................................................
Level 6 ..............................................................
$13.71
13.27
11.46
16.56
10.35
8.48
9.43
9.67
11.39
12.70
8.23
7.16
8.31
8.80
8.64
11.69
11.61
$13.71
13.63
11.46
16.56
10.37
8.49
9.72
–
11.41
–
8.02
7.16
8.49
8.78
8.16
–
–
–
–
–
–
$10.30
–
8.38
10.12
11.35
–
10.07
–
–
9.02
–
–
–
$13.71
13.15
11.46
16.56
10.49
8.50
9.97
9.66
11.47
12.70
8.51
7.49
8.47
9.13
8.64
11.69
11.61
–
–
–
–
$8.38
–
7.94
–
–
–
6.22
5.65
7.34
6.37
–
–
–
Service occupations ...........................................................
Level 1 ..............................................................
Level 2 ..............................................................
Level 3 ..............................................................
Level 4 ..............................................................
Level 5 ..............................................................
Level 6 ..............................................................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Level 8 ..............................................................
Protective service occupations ...............................
Level 4 ..............................................................
Level 5 ..............................................................
Level 6 ..............................................................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Level 8 ..............................................................
Food service occupations ........................................
Level 1 ..............................................................
Level 2 ..............................................................
Level 3 ..............................................................
8.30
5.61
6.65
6.84
9.65
10.77
12.27
12.21
15.44
12.60
11.21
11.30
12.16
12.95
15.93
5.71
4.98
5.75
5.39
6.49
5.39
6.47
6.35
9.04
9.68
–
–
–
7.11
–
–
–
–
–
5.52
4.83
5.72
5.39
12.08
7.32
8.87
9.18
10.29
11.29
12.19
12.95
15.52
13.95
11.60
11.30
12.06
12.95
15.93
9.07
–
–
–
9.60
6.15
7.32
7.33
9.79
10.77
12.10
12.21
15.44
12.90
11.21
11.30
12.06
12.95
15.93
6.39
5.04
–
5.78
5.78
5.17
6.23
5.79
7.69
–
–
–
–
6.54
–
–
–
–
–
5.09
4.93
5.46
4.92
Occupational group3 and level
See footnotes at end of table.
16
Table B-1. Mean hourly earnings1 by occupational group and levels2, all industries, private industry,
State and local government, full-time and part-time workers, Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News,
VA-NC, July 1998 — Continued
All workers 4
Occupational group3 and level
Service occupations (-Continued)
Health service occupations .....................................
Level 2 ..............................................................
Level 3 ..............................................................
Level 4 ..............................................................
Cleaning and building service occupations ............
Level 1 ..............................................................
Level 2 ..............................................................
Level 3 ..............................................................
Level 4 ..............................................................
Personal service occupations .................................
Level 1 ..............................................................
Level 2 ..............................................................
Level 3 ..............................................................
Level 4 ..............................................................
1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to
employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments,
and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations,
holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed
by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of
workers, weighted by hours.
2 Each occupation for which wage data are collected in an
establishment is evaluated based on 10 factors, including knowledge,
complexity, work environment, etc. Points are assigned based on the
occupation’s ranking within each factor. The points are summed to
determine the overall level of the occupation. See technical note for
more information.
3 A classification system including about 480 individual
occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy.
Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major
occupational groups.
4 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees
are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule
based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a
worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a
All industries
All industries
Private
industry
State and
local
government
Full-time
workers
Part-time
workers
$7.35
6.63
7.44
9.06
7.82
6.37
7.68
9.07
9.72
7.80
5.55
7.12
7.62
9.80
$6.93
6.63
7.31
–
7.29
6.12
–
–
–
7.22
5.32
–
7.49
–
$9.09
–
–
–
9.44
–
–
9.97
–
9.00
–
–
–
11.62
$7.78
7.02
7.87
9.14
8.90
7.21
–
9.43
9.72
8.71
–
–
–
10.17
$6.58
6.27
–
–
6.31
5.54
–
–
–
5.60
5.00
–
–
–
full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in
another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time
schedule.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did
not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and
occupational levels may include data for categories not shown
separately. N.E.C. means not elsewhere classified. IN THIS SURVEY, THE NONRESPONSE RATE FOR PRIVATE INDUSTRY EXCEEDED REGULAR SURVEY STANDARDS FOR PUBLICATION.
ACCORDINGLY, USERS SHOULD INTERPRET THESE RESULTS
WITH THIS LIMITATION IN MIND.
NOTE: Individual and average wage rates were collected in this
update survey. A procedure was put into place to "move" the
positional statistics where averages were collected. This procedure
compares current locality survey data–at the quote level–with the
same quote from the prior survey. Individual rates from the prior
survey are moved by the average change in mean wages for the
occupation.
17
Table B-2. Mean hourly earnings1 for selected occupations and levels2, all industries, private
industry, State and local government, full-time and part-time workers, Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport
News, VA-NC, July 1998
All workers4
Occupation3 and level
White-collar occupations:
Professional specialty and technical occupations:
Professional specialty occupations:
Physicians ............................................................
Registered nurses ................................................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Level 8 ..............................................................
Level 9 ..............................................................
Elementary school teachers .................................
Level 9 ..............................................................
Secondary school teachers ..................................
Level 9 ..............................................................
Teachers, N.E.C. ..................................................
Vocational and educational counselors ................
Librarians ..............................................................
Social workers ......................................................
Level 5 ..............................................................
Level 6 ..............................................................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Level 8 ..............................................................
Technical occupations:
Licensed practical nurses .....................................
Level 4 ..............................................................
Level 6 ..............................................................
Technical and related occupations, N.E.C. ..........
Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations:
Administrators and officials, public administration
Financial managers ..............................................
Managers, marketing, advertising and public
relations ..........................................................
Managers, food servicing and lodging
establishments ................................................
Managers, service organizations, N.E.C. .............
Managers and administrators, N.E.C. ..................
Level 9 ..............................................................
Accountants and auditors .....................................
Purchasing agents and buyers, N.E.C. ................
Construction inspectors ........................................
Management related occupations, N.E.C. ............
Sales occupations:
Supervisors, sales occupations ............................
Sales occupations, other business services .........
Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing,
and wholesale .................................................
Sales workers, other commodities ........................
Level 4 ..............................................................
Cashiers ...............................................................
Level 2 ..............................................................
Level 3 ..............................................................
Administrative support occupations, including clerical:
Supervisors, general office ...................................
Computer operators ..............................................
Secretaries ...........................................................
Level 3 ..............................................................
Level 4 ..............................................................
Level 5 ..............................................................
Hotel clerks ...........................................................
Receptionists ........................................................
Level 2 ..............................................................
Level 3 ..............................................................
Order clerks ..........................................................
Personnel clerks except payroll and timekeeping
Library clerks ........................................................
Records clerks, N.E.C. .........................................
Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ......
See footnotes at end of table.
18
All industries
All industries
Private
industry
State and
local
government
Full-time
workers
Part-time
workers
$28.91
17.53
16.03
17.21
–
25.55
25.83
26.45
26.69
19.71
30.25
24.62
16.53
11.47
13.50
14.43
16.33
–
$17.55
16.20
16.87
–
–
–
–
–
14.79
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
$17.46
–
17.55
–
24.88
24.92
25.85
25.90
–
–
20.58
16.30
11.38
13.50
–
14.68
$28.91
17.48
15.71
17.23
–
25.55
25.83
26.45
26.69
19.52
30.25
24.62
16.54
11.47
13.50
–
16.33
–
$17.87
–
17.05
18.43
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
11.32
10.43
11.96
11.62
11.07
10.43
–
–
–
–
–
–
11.33
–
11.96
11.62
–
–
–
–
28.33
27.77
–
27.77
28.33
27.77
–
–
30.77
30.77
30.77
–
18.80
18.75
31.31
29.27
19.68
17.41
15.94
20.37
18.80
18.75
31.42
–
20.21
–
–
20.20
18.80
18.75
31.31
29.27
19.68
17.41
15.94
20.37
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
17.21
–
17.21
–
–
–
17.21
11.13
–
–
24.58
10.26
11.61
6.92
6.06
7.17
24.58
10.57
11.61
6.78
6.06
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
24.58
12.46
–
7.72
–
–
–
6.89
–
6.09
–
–
18.68
14.47
11.01
8.51
11.76
11.67
6.13
7.33
6.49
8.41
9.60
9.62
8.46
9.78
9.39
–
–
10.44
8.05
10.76
–
6.13
7.34
6.50
8.41
9.60
9.62
–
–
9.13
18.68
14.47
11.11
8.62
11.76
11.67
–
7.79
–
8.41
–
–
–
9.78
9.41
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
5.99
–
–
7.50
–
–
–
–
28.33
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15.94
–
–
–
12.02
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7.39
–
10.44
Table B-2. Mean hourly earnings1 for selected occupations and levels2, all industries, private
industry, State and local government, full-time and part-time workers, Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport
News, VA-NC, July 1998 — Continued
All workers4
Occupation3 and level
White-collar occupations: (-Continued)
Administrative support occupations, including clerical:
(-Continued)
Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks
(-Continued)
Level 3 ..............................................................
Level 4 ..............................................................
Payroll and timekeeping clerks .............................
Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks ...................
Stock and inventory clerks ....................................
Investigators and adjusters except insurance ......
Eligibility clerks, social welfare .............................
General office clerks .............................................
Level 2 ..............................................................
Level 3 ..............................................................
Level 4 ..............................................................
Bank tellers ...........................................................
Data entry keyers .................................................
Teachers’ aides ....................................................
Administrative support occupations, N.E.C. .........
Level 4 ..............................................................
Blue-collar occupations:
Precision production, craft, and repair occupations:
Supervisors, mechanics and repairers .................
Automobile mechanics .........................................
Industrial machinery repairers ..............................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration
mechanics ......................................................
Mechanics and repairers, N.E.C. ..........................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Electricians ...........................................................
Plumbers, pipefitters and steamfitters ..................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Construction trades, N.E.C. ..................................
Supervisors, production occupations ....................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Level 8 ..............................................................
Level 9 ..............................................................
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors:
Miscellaneous machine operators, N.E.C. ...........
Level 2 ..............................................................
Level 4 ..............................................................
Welders and cutters ..............................................
Assemblers ...........................................................
Production inspectors, checkers and examiners ..
Transportation and material moving occupations:
Truck drivers .........................................................
Level 3 ..............................................................
Level 5 ..............................................................
Bus drivers ............................................................
Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators ..
Miscellaneous material moving equipment
operators, N.E.C. ............................................
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers:
Groundskeepers and gardeners except farm .......
Construction laborers ...........................................
Production helpers ................................................
Stock handlers and baggers .................................
Machine feeders and offbearers ...........................
Freight, stock, and material handlers, N.E.C. .......
Level 1 ..............................................................
Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners ............
Hand packers and packagers ...............................
See footnotes at end of table.
19
All industries
State and
local
government
All industries
Private
industry
$8.03
10.50
10.47
9.03
9.57
10.04
13.28
9.39
6.89
9.13
10.51
8.40
8.31
8.58
9.76
9.76
$7.62
9.62
10.55
9.03
–
10.04
–
9.47
6.48
9.40
11.06
8.40
8.31
–
9.80
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
$13.51
9.20
–
–
9.90
–
–
8.58
–
–
$7.92
10.60
10.47
8.98
–
10.18
13.28
9.62
6.96
9.15
10.60
–
8.35
8.60
9.97
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
18.25
16.19
15.99
17.29
–
–
15.99
17.29
–
–
–
–
18.25
16.19
15.99
17.29
–
–
–
–
12.44
13.46
14.70
17.13
13.95
14.19
11.49
21.89
18.06
21.13
27.93
–
13.82
15.30
–
13.95
–
–
22.04
18.06
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
12.44
13.46
14.70
17.13
13.95
14.19
11.49
21.89
18.06
21.13
27.93
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
9.82
7.44
11.00
12.15
11.75
15.42
9.95
7.44
–
12.15
11.75
15.42
–
–
–
–
–
–
9.82
7.44
11.00
12.15
11.75
15.42
–
–
–
–
–
–
10.19
9.23
11.62
9.56
10.29
10.06
9.49
11.14
–
10.29
–
–
–
9.66
–
10.35
9.95
11.62
–
10.29
–
–
10.45
–
–
8.18
7.55
8.50
7.50
6.23
8.04
8.03
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7.87
8.23
9.38
8.50
7.48
6.26
8.04
8.07
10.45
8.68
7.87
8.23
7.55
8.50
7.50
6.23
8.04
8.03
Full-time
workers
Part-time
workers
–
–
–
$9.41
–
–
–
–
–
5.79
–
–
–
–
–
Table B-2. Mean hourly earnings1 for selected occupations and levels2, all industries, private
industry, State and local government, full-time and part-time workers, Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport
News, VA-NC, July 1998 — Continued
All workers4
Occupation3 and level
Blue-collar occupations: (-Continued)
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers:
(-Continued)
Laborers except construction, N.E.C. ...................
Level 1 ..............................................................
Level 2 ..............................................................
Level 3 ..............................................................
Service occupations:
Protective service occupations:
Supervisors, police and detectives .......................
Firefighting occupations ........................................
Police and detectives, public service ....................
Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement
officers ............................................................
Correctional institution officers .............................
Guards and police except public service ..............
Food service occupations:
Supervisors, food preparation and service
occupations ....................................................
Waiters and waitresses ........................................
Level 1 ..............................................................
Cooks ...................................................................
Level 3 ..............................................................
Kitchen workers, food preparation ........................
Level 3 ..............................................................
Waiters’/Waitresses’ assistants ............................
Food preparation occupations, N.E.C. .................
See footnotes at end of table.
20
All industries
Private
industry
$7.64
6.15
7.79
8.97
$7.69
5.91
7.97
–
All industries
State and
local
government
Full-time
workers
Part-time
workers
$7.45
–
–
–
$8.18
–
7.81
8.97
$5.49
–
–
–
20.25
11.01
14.72
–
–
–
20.25
11.01
14.72
20.25
11.01
14.72
–
–
–
11.89
11.04
7.65
–
–
–
11.89
11.04
–
11.89
11.04
7.82
–
–
–
10.04
3.49
3.39
7.31
7.77
6.85
6.81
4.29
6.14
9.01
3.49
3.39
7.39
7.77
6.85
6.81
4.29
5.94
10.56
2.30
–
7.79
7.97
–
–
–
6.70
–
4.29
4.25
6.42
–
5.88
–
4.29
5.59
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Table B-2. Mean hourly earnings1 for selected occupations and levels2, all industries, private
industry, State and local government, full-time and part-time workers, Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport
News, VA-NC, July 1998 — Continued
All workers4
Occupation3 and level
Service occupations: (-Continued)
Food service occupations: (-Continued)
Food preparation occupations, N.E.C.
(-Continued)
Level 1 ..............................................................
Health service occupations:
Health aides, except nursing ................................
Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants ...............
Level 2 ..............................................................
Level 3 ..............................................................
Cleaning and building service occupations:
Supervisors, cleaning and building service
workers ...........................................................
Maids and housemen ...........................................
Level 1 ..............................................................
Janitors and cleaners ...........................................
Level 1 ..............................................................
Level 2 ..............................................................
Level 3 ..............................................................
Level 4 ..............................................................
Personal service occupations:
Attendants, amusement and recreation facilities ..
Welfare service aides ...........................................
Early childhood teachers’ assistants ....................
Service occupations, N.E.C. .................................
1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to
employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments,
and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations,
holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed
by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of
workers, weighted by hours.
2 Each occupation for which wage data are collected in an
establishment is evaluated based on 10 factors, including knowledge,
complexity, work environment, etc. Points are assigned based on the
occupation’s ranking within each factor. The points are summed to
determine the overall level of the occupation. See technical note for
more information.
3 A classification system including about 480 individual
occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy.
Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major
occupational groups.
4 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees
are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule
based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a
worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a
All industries
Private
industry
$6.03
$5.78
9.25
7.10
6.62
7.42
–
6.90
6.62
7.28
10.95
6.20
6.21
7.61
6.42
7.72
8.68
9.55
10.16
6.20
6.21
7.32
6.08
–
–
–
10.80
7.79
7.24
6.89
–
–
–
6.77
All industries
State and
local
government
Full-time
workers
Part-time
workers
$6.65
$5.57
–
$8.39
–
–
–
7.57
7.02
7.86
–
6.30
6.25
–
–
–
–
8.61
–
–
9.27
–
10.95
6.31
–
8.93
7.82
–
8.93
9.55
–
–
–
6.35
5.49
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7.61
–
–
–
–
full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in
another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time
schedule.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did
not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and
occupational levels may include data for categories not shown
separately. N.E.C. means not elsewhere classified. IN THIS SURVEY, THE NONRESPONSE RATE FOR PRIVATE INDUSTRY EXCEEDED REGULAR SURVEY STANDARDS FOR PUBLICATION.
ACCORDINGLY, USERS SHOULD INTERPRET THESE RESULTS
WITH THIS LIMITATION IN MIND.
NOTE: Individual and average wage rates were collected in this
update survey. A procedure was put into place to "move" the
positional statistics where averages were collected. This procedure
compares current locality survey data–at the quote level–with the
same quote from the prior survey. Individual rates from the prior
survey are moved by the average change in mean wages for the
occupation.
21
Table C-1. Mean hourly earnings1 by occupational group and selected characteristics, all industries,
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, VA-NC, July 1998
Occupational group2
Full-time
workers3
Part-time
workers3
Union4
Nonunion4
Time5
Incentive5
All occupations .......................................................................
All occupations excluding sales ............................................
$14.23
14.32
$6.96
7.02
$12.89
12.89
$13.37
13.54
$13.28
13.44
$15.37
18.71
White-collar occupations ...................................................
White-collar excluding sales .............................................
16.96
17.43
8.39
9.19
–
–
16.11
16.79
16.11
16.72
16.69
–
Professional specialty and technical occupations ............
Professional specialty occupations ...............................
Technical occupations ..................................................
Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ...
Sales occupations ............................................................
Administrative support including clerical occupations ......
21.43
23.19
15.49
24.53
12.37
10.25
16.00
16.61
–
–
6.58
7.04
–
–
–
–
–
–
21.20
22.87
15.33
24.53
10.84
9.62
21.20
22.87
15.40
24.14
9.77
9.81
–
–
–
–
14.01
–
Blue-collar occupations .....................................................
Precision production, craft, and repair occupations ..........
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ..............
Transportation and material moving occupations .............
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers .....
11.87
15.09
11.64
10.49
8.51
7.14
–
–
8.38
6.22
13.70
15.48
15.66
11.09
9.27
10.98
14.95
9.77
10.13
8.02
11.68
15.09
11.67
10.31
8.25
–
–
–
–
–
Service occupations ...........................................................
9.60
5.78
6.53
8.44
8.30
–
1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to
employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and
hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays,
nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay
of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours.
2 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is
used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are
classified into one of nine major occupational groups.
3 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time
schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a
worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time
employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm,
where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
4 Union workers are those whose wages are determined through
collective bargaining.
5 Time workers’ wages are based solely on an hourly rate or salary;
incentive workers are those whose wages are at least partially based on
productivity payments such as piece rates, commissions, and production
bonuses.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet
publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may
include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not
elsewhere classified."
NOTE: Individual and average wage rates were collected in this update
survey. A procedure was put into place to "move" the positional statistics
where averages were collected. This procedure compares current locality
survey data–at the quote level–with the same quote from the prior survey.
Individual rates from the prior survey are moved by the average change in
mean wages for the occupation.
22
Table C-2. Mean hourly earnings1 by occupational group and industry division, private industry, all workers2, Norfolk-Virginia
Beach-Newport News, VA-NC, July 1998
Goods-producing industries4
Occupational group3
All private
industries
Total
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Service-producing industries5
Total
Finance,
insurance,
and
real
estate
Services
$9.00
8.74
–
–
$12.49
12.54
TransWholeportsale
ation
and
and
retail
public
trade
utilities
All occupations ...........................................................................
All occupations excluding sales ................................................
$12.48
12.60
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
White-collar occupations .......................................................
White-collar excluding sales .................................................
15.06
15.78
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
14.02
14.78
18.22
18.47
10.49
11.31
–
–
15.93
16.10
Professional specialty and technical occupations ................
Professional specialty occupations ...................................
Technical occupations ......................................................
Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations .......
Sales occupations ................................................................
Administrative support, including clerical occupations .........
20.26
22.89
15.44
25.96
10.92
9.64
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
19.87
22.18
15.66
23.21
10.06
9.14
23.31
–
19.58
–
–
13.36
–
–
–
24.83
9.67
8.52
–
–
–
–
–
–
19.62
21.74
15.49
22.83
9.30
8.42
Blue-collar occupations .........................................................
Precision production, craft, and repair occupations ..............
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ..................
Transportation and material moving occupations .................
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers .........
11.69
15.55
11.80
10.37
8.02
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
9.93
15.28
7.45
10.68
7.02
13.09
18.13
–
–
–
9.10
14.58
–
9.84
7.17
–
–
–
–
–
8.41
12.68
7.04
9.50
6.36
Service occupations ...............................................................
6.49
–
–
–
–
6.43
–
5.60
–
6.73
1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They
include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium
pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is
computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers,
weighted by hours.
2 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees are classified as
working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each
establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be
considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in
another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover
all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine
major occupational groups.
4 Goods-producing industries include mining, construction, and manufacturing.
5 Service-producing industries include transportation and public utilities; wholesale
$11.62 $15.79
11.79 15.75
and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication
criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for
categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means not elsewhere classified. IN THIS SURVEY, THE NONRESPONSE RATE FOR PRIVATE INDUSTRY EXCEEDED REGULAR
SURVEY STANDARDS FOR PUBLICATION. ACCORDINGLY, USERS SHOULD INTERPRET THESE RESULTS WITH THIS LIMITATION IN MIND.
NOTE: Individual and average wage rates were collected in this update survey. A
procedure was put into place to "move" the positional statistics where averages were
collected. This procedure compares current locality survey data–at the quote level–with
the same quote from the prior survey. Individual rates from the prior survey are moved by
the average change in mean wages for the occupation.
23
Table C-3. Mean hourly earnings1 by occupational group and establishment employment size, private
industry, all workers2, Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, VA-NC, July 1998
100 workers or more
All private
industry
workers
50 - 99
workers
All occupations .......................................................................
All occupations excluding sales ............................................
$12.48
12.60
White-collar occupations ...................................................
White-collar excluding sales .............................................
Occupational group3
Total
100 - 499
workers
500
workers or
more
$10.13
10.09
$13.01
13.11
$12.54
12.65
$13.96
13.98
15.06
15.78
12.75
14.13
15.48
16.00
15.98
16.86
14.57
14.63
Professional specialty and technical occupations ............
Professional specialty occupations ...............................
Technical occupations ..................................................
Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ...
Sales occupations ............................................................
Administrative support, including clerical occupations .....
20.26
22.89
15.44
25.96
10.92
9.64
18.50
19.87
15.50
22.03
10.33
8.77
20.49
23.31
15.43
26.49
11.27
9.75
22.23
27.68
15.89
28.63
11.25
9.42
18.30
19.48
14.26
20.68
–
10.30
Blue-collar occupations .....................................................
Precision production, craft, and repair occupations ..........
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ..............
Transportation and material moving occupations .............
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers .....
11.69
15.55
11.80
10.37
8.02
9.74
13.28
9.60
10.59
7.12
12.18
15.96
12.15
10.29
8.37
11.01
15.47
8.84
10.29
8.20
14.20
16.77
15.33
10.29
8.86
Service occupations ...........................................................
6.49
5.42
6.79
6.48
8.42
1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to
employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments,
and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations,
holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed
by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of
workers, weighted by hours.
2 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees
are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule
based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a
worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a
full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in
another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time
schedule.
3 A classification system including about 480 individual
occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy.
Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major
occupational groups.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did
not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and
occupational levels may include data for categories not shown
separately. N.E.C. means not elsewhere classified. IN THIS SURVEY, THE NONRESPONSE RATE FOR PRIVATE INDUSTRY EXCEEDED REGULAR SURVEY STANDARDS FOR PUBLICATION.
ACCORDINGLY, USERS SHOULD INTERPRET THESE RESULTS
WITH THIS LIMITATION IN MIND.
NOTE: Individual and average wage rates were collected in this
update survey. A procedure was put into place to "move" the
positional statistics where averages were collected. This procedure
compares current locality survey data–at the quote level–with the
same quote from the prior survey. Individual rates from the prior
survey are moved by the average change in mean wages for the
occupation.
24
Table C-4. Number of workers1 represented by occupational group, Norfolk-Virginia
Beach-Newport News, VA-NC, July 1998
All workers
Occupational group2
All industries
Private
industry
State and
local government
All occupations .......................................................................
All occupations excluding sales ............................................
331,635
310,749
250,756
230,815
80,879
79,934
White-collar occupations ...................................................
White-collar excluding sales .............................................
167,511
146,625
118,097
98,156
49,414
48,468
Professional specialty and technical occupations ............
Professional specialty occupations ...............................
Technical occupations ..................................................
Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ...
Sales occupations ............................................................
Administrative support including clerical occupations ......
67,368
54,694
12,675
17,572
20,886
61,684
36,146
24,591
11,556
12,346
19,941
49,664
31,222
30,103
1,119
5,226
–
12,020
Blue-collar occupations .....................................................
Precision production, craft, and repair occupations ..........
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ..............
Transportation and material moving occupations .............
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers .....
93,402
28,833
21,364
17,820
25,384
79,872
23,176
20,673
13,182
22,841
13,530
5,658
–
4,638
2,543
Service occupations ...........................................................
70,722
52,787
17,935
1 Both full-time and part-time workers were included in
the survey. Employees are classified as working either a
full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition
used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a
35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time
employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time
in another establishment, where a 40-hour week is the
minimum full-time schedule.
2 A classification system including about 480 individual
occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian
economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of
nine major occupational groups.
groups and occupational levels may include data for
categories not shown separately.
N.E.C. means not
elsewhere classified. IN THIS SURVEY, THE NONRESPONSE RATE FOR PRIVATE INDUSTRY EXCEEDED
REGULAR SURVEY STANDARDS FOR PUBLICATION.
ACCORDINGLY, USERS SHOULD INTERPRET THESE
RESULTS WITH THIS LIMITATION IN MIND.
NOTE: Individual and average wage rates were collected in
this update survey. A procedure was put into place to
"move" the positional statistics where averages were
collected. This procedure compares current locality survey
data–at the quote level–with the same quote from the prior
survey. Individual rates from the prior survey are moved by
the average change in mean wages for the occupation.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that
data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational
25
Appendix A: Technical Note
This section provides basic information on the procedures
and concepts used to produce the data contained in this
bulletin. It is divided into three parts: Planning for the survey; data collection; and processing and analyzing the data.
Although this section answers some questions commonly
asked by data users, it is not a comprehensive description
of all the steps required to produce the data.
Sample design
The sample for this survey area was selected using a two
stage stratified design with probability proportional to employment sampling at each stage. The first stage of sample
selection was a probability sample of establishments. The
sample of establishments was drawn by first stratifying the
sampling frame by industry and ownership. The number of
sample establishments allocated to each stratum is approximately proportional to the stratum employment. Each
sampled establishment is selected within a stratum with a
probability proportional to its employment. Use of this
technique means that the larger an establishment’s employment, the greater its chance of selection. Weights were
applied to each establishment when the data were tabulated
so that it represents similar units (by industry and employment size) in the economy which were not selected for
collection. See appendix table 1 for a count of establishments in the survey by employment size. The second stage
of sample selection, detailed below, was a probability sample of occupations within a sampled establishment.
Planning for the survey
The overall design of the survey includes questions of
scope, frame, and sample selection.
Survey scope
This survey covered establishments employing 50 workers
or more in goods-producing industries (mining, construction and manufacturing); service-producing industries
(transportation, communications, electric, gas, and sanitary
services; wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance,
and real estate; and services industries); and State and local
governments. Agriculture, private households, and the Federal Government were excluded from the scope of the survey. For purposes of this survey an establishment was an
economic unit which produces goods or services, a central
administrative office, or an auxiliary unit providing support
services to a company. For private industries in this survey, the establishment was usually at a single physical location. For State and local governments, an establishment
was defined as all locations of a government entity.
The Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, VA-NC,
Metropolitan Statistical Area includes Chesapeake, Hampton, Newport News, Norfolk, Poquoson, Portsmouth, Suffolk, Virginia Beach, and Williamsburg Cities; and
Gloucester, Isle of Wight, James City, Mathews, and York
Counties, VA; and Currituck County, NC.
Data collection
The collection of data from survey respondents required
detailed procedures. Collection was the responsibility of
the field economists, working out of the Regional Office,
who visited each establishment surveyed. Other contact
methods, such as mail and telephone, were used to followup and update data.
Occupational selection and classification
Identification of the occupations for which wage data were
to be collected was a multi-step process:
1. Probability-proportional-to-size selection of establishment jobs.
2. Classification of jobs into occupations based on the
Census of Population system.
3. Characterization of jobs as full-time v. part-time,
union v. nonunion, and time v. incentive.
4. Determination of the level of work of each job.
Sampling frame
The list of establishments from which the survey sample
was selected (sampling frame) was developed from State
unemployment insurance reports. Due to the volatility of
industries within the private sector, sampling frames were
developed using the most recent month of reference available at the time the sample was selected. The sampling
frame was reviewed prior to the survey and, when necessary, missing establishments were added, out-of-business
and out-of-scope establishments were removed, and addresses, employment levels, industry classification, and
other information were updated.
For each occupation, wage data were collected for those
workers who met all the criteria identified in the last three
steps. Special procedures were developed for jobs for
which a correct classification or level could not be determined.
In step one, the jobs to be sampled were selected at each
A-1
establishment by the BLS field economist during a personal
visit. A complete list of employees was used for sampling,
with each selected worker representing a job within the establishment.
As with the selection of establishments, the selection of
a job was based on probability proportional to its size in
the establishment. The greater the number of people
working in a job in the establishment, the greater its chance
of selection.
The number of jobs collected in each establishment was
based on an establishment’s employment size as shown in
the following schedule:
Number of employees
50-99
100-249
250-999
1000-2,499
2,500+
Number of selected jobs
8
10
12
16
20
The second step of the process entailed classifying the
selected jobs into occupations based on their duties. The
National Compensation Survey occupational classification
system is based on the 1990 Census of Population. A selected job may fall into any one of about 480 occupational
classifications, from accountant to wood lathe operator. In
cases where a job’s duties overlapped two or more census
classification codes, the duties used to set the wage level
were used to classify the job. Classification by primary
duties was the fallback.
Each occupational classification is an element of a
broader classification known as a major occupational group
(MOG). Occupations can fall into any of the following
MOGs:
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
Professional specialty and technical
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Sales
Administrative support including clerical
Precision production, craft, and repair
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Service occupations
Appendix B contains a complete list of all individual
occupations, classified by the MOG to which they belong.
In step three, certain other job characteristics of the chosen
worker were identified. First, the worker was identified as
holding either a full-time or part-time job, based on the establishment’s definition of those terms. Then the worker
was classified as having a time versus incentive job, depending on whether any part of pay was directly based on
the actual production of the worker, rather than solely on
hours worked. Finally, the worker was identified as being
in a union job or a nonunion job. See the “Definition of
A-2
Terms” section on the following page for more detail.
Generic leveling through point factor analysis
In the last step before wage data were collected, the work
level of each selected job was determined using a “generic
leveling” process. Generic leveling ranks and compares all
occupations randomly selected in an establishment using
the same criteria. This is a major departure from the
method used in the past in the Bureau’s Occupational
Compensation Surveys which studied specifically defined
occupations with leveling definitions unique to each occupation.
For this survey, the level of each occupation in an establishment was determined by an analysis of each of 10
leveling factors. Nine of these factors are drawn from the
U.S. Government Office of Personnel Management’s Factor Evaluation System, which is the underlying structure for
evaluation of General Schedule Federal employees. The
tenth factor, supervisory duties, attempts to account for the
effect of supervisory duties. It is considered experimental.
The 10 factors are:
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
Knowledge
Supervision received
Guidelines
Complexity
Scope and effect
Personal contacts
Purpose of contacts
Physical demands
Work environment
Supervisory duties
Each factor contains a number of levels and each level
has an associated written description and point value. The
number and range of points differ among the factors. For
each factor, an occupation was assigned a level based on
which written description best matched the job. Within
each occupation, the points for 9 factors (supervisory duties
was excluded) were recorded and totaled. The total determines the overall level of the occupation. Appendix table 3
presents average work levels for published occupational
groups and selected occupations. A description of the levels for each factor is shown in appendix C.
Tabulations of levels of work for occupations in the
survey follow the Federal Government’s white-collar General Schedule. Point ranges for each of the 15 levels are
shown in appendix D. It also includes an example of a leveled job and a guide to help data users evaluate jobs in their
firm.
Wage data collected in prior surveys using the new generic leveling method were evaluated by BLS researchers
using regression techniques. For each of the major occupational groups, wages were compared to the 10 generic
level factors (and levels within those factors). The analysis
showed that several of the generic level factors, most notably knowledge and supervision received, had strong explanatory power for wages. That is, as the levels within a
given factor increased, the wages also increased. Detailed
research continues in the area. The results of this research
will be published by BLS in the future.
Collection period
The survey data were collected over several months. For
each establishment in the survey, the data reflect the establishment’s most recent information at the time of collection.
The payroll reference month shown in the tables reflects
the average date of this information for all sample units.
Earnings
Earnings were defined as regular payments from the employer to the employee as compensation for straight-time
hourly work, or for any salaried work performed. The following components were included as part of earnings:
·
·
·
·
·
Incentive pay, including commissions, production
bonuses, and piece rates
Cost-of-living allowances
Hazard pay
Payments of income deferred due to participation
in a salary reduction plan
Deadhead pay, defined as pay given to transportation workers returning in a vehicle without freight
or passengers
The following forms of payments were not considered
part of straight-time earnings:
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
Shift differentials, defined as extra payment for
working a schedule that varies from the norm, such
as night or weekend work
Premium pay for overtime, holidays, and weekends
Bonuses not directly tied to production (e.g.,
Christmas bonuses, profit-sharing bonuses)
Uniform and tool allowances
Free room and board
Payments made by third parties (e.g., tips, bonuses
given by manufacturers to department store salespeople, referral incentives in real estate)
On-call pay
In order to calculate earnings for various time periods
(hourly, weekly, and annual), data on work schedules were
also collected. For hourly workers, scheduled hours
worked per day and per week, exclusive of overtime, were
recorded. Annual weeks worked were determined. Because
salaried workers, exempt from overtime provisions, often
work beyond the assigned work schedule, their typical
number of hours actually worked was collected.
Definition of terms
Full-time worker. Any employee that the employer considers to be full time.
Incentive worker. Any employee whose earnings are tied,
A-3
at least in part, to commissions, piece rates, production bonuses, or other incentives based on production or sales.
Level. A ranking of an occupation based on the requirements of the position. (See the description in the technical
note and the example for more details on the leveling process.)
Nonunion worker. An employee in an occupation not
meeting the conditions for union coverage (see below).
Part-time worker. Any employee that the employer considers to be part-time.
Straight-time. Time worked at the standard rate of pay for
the job.
Time-based worker. Any employee whose earnings are
tied to an hourly rate or salary, and not to a specific level of
production.
Union worker. Any employee is in a union occupation
when all of the following conditions are met:
·
·
·
A labor organization is recognized as the bargaining
agent for all workers in the occupation
Wage and salary rates are determined through collective bargaining or negotiations
Settlement terms, which must include earnings provisions and may include benefit provisions, are embodied in a signed mutually binding collective bargaining
agreement
Processing and analyzing the data
Data were processed and analyzed at the Bureau’s National
Office following collection.
Weighting and nonresponse
Sample weights were calculated for each establishment and
occupation in the survey. These weights reflected the relative size of the occupation within the establishment and of
the establishment within the sample universe. Weights
were used to aggregate the individual establishments or occupations into the various data series. Some of the establishments surveyed could not supply or refused to supply
information. If data were not provided by a sample member, the weights of responding sample members in the same
or similar “cells” were adjusted to account for the missing
data. This technique assumes that the mean value of the
nonrespondents equals the mean value of the respondents at
some detailed “cell” level. Responding and nonresponding
establishments were classified into these cells according to
industry and employment size. Responding and nonresponding occupations within responding establishments
were classified into cells that were additionally defined by
major occupation group and job level.
Establishments that were determined to be out of business or outside the scope of the survey had their weights
changed to zero. If only partial data were given by a sample establishment or occupation, or data were missing, the
response was treated as a refusal.
Survey response
Total in sample
Responding
Out of business or not in
survey scope
Unable or refused to provide data
Establishments
281
207
9
65
Some surveys may have a high nonresponse rate for the
all industries or private industry iterations. Such instances
are noted in the bulletin table footnotes.
Estimation
The wage series in the tables are computed by combining
the wages for individual establishment/occupations. Before
being combined, individual wage rates are weighted by:
number of workers; the sample weight adjusted for nonresponding establishments and other factors; and the occupation work schedule, varying depending on whether hourly,
weekly, or annual rates are being calculated.
Not all series that were calculated met the criteria for
publication. Before any series was published, it was reviewed to make sure that the number of observations underlying it was sufficient. This review prevented publishing a series that could have revealed information about a
specific establishment.
The number of workers estimates represent the total in
all establishments within the scope of the study and not the
number actually surveyed. Because occupational structures
among establishments differ, estimates of the number of
workers obtained from the sample of establishments serve
only to indicate the relative importance of the occupational
groups studied.
Data reliability
The data in this bulletin are estimates from a scientifically
A-4
selected probability sample. There are two types of errors
possible in an estimate based on a sample survey, sampling
and nonsampling.
Sampling errors occur because observations come only
from a sample and not from an entire population. The
sample used for this survey is one of a number of possible
samples of the same size that could have been selected using the sample design. Estimates derived from the different
samples would differ from each other.
A measure of the variation among these differing estimates is called the standard error or sampling error. It indicates the precision with which an estimate from a particular sample approximates the average result of all
possible samples. The relative standard error (RSE) is the
standard error divided by the estimate. Appendix table 2
contains RSE data for selected series in this bulletin. RSE
data for all series in this bulletin are available on the Internet web site and by request to the BLS National Office.
The standard error can be used to calculate a “confidence interval” around a sample estimate. As an example,
suppose table A-1 shows that mean hourly earnings for all
workers was $12.79 per hour, and appendix table 2 shows a
relative standard error of 3.6 percent for this estimate. At
the 90-percent level, the confidence interval for this estimate is $13.55 to $12.03 ($12.79 plus and minus 1.645
times 3.6 percent times $12.79). If all possible samples
were selected to estimate the population value, the interval
from each sample would include the true population value
approximately 90 percent of the time.
Nonsampling errors also affect survey results. They
can stem from many sources, such as inability to obtain information for some establishments, difficulties with survey
definitions, inability of the respondents to provide correct
information, or mistakes in recording or coding the data
obtained. A Technical Reinterview Program done in all
survey areas will be used in the development of a formal
quality assessment process to help compute nonsampling
error. Although they were not specifically measured, the
nonsampling errors were expected to be minimal due to the
extensive training of the field economists who gathered the
survey data by personal visit, computer edits of the data,
and detailed data review.
Appendix table 1. Number of establishments studied by industry division and establishment employment size,
and number of establishments represented, Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, VA-NC, July 1998
Number of establishments studied
Industry
All industries .........................................................
Private industry .................................................
Goods-producing industries ..........................
Construction .............................................
Manufacturing ...........................................
Service-producing industries ........................
Tranportation and public utilities ...............
Wholesale and retail trade ........................
Finance, insurance and real estate ..........
Services ....................................................
State and local government ..............................
Number of
establishments represented
100 workers or more
Total studied
1,713
1,642
351
119
232
1,291
100
610
22
559
71
203
161
44
5
39
117
10
41
3
63
42
50 - 99
workers
55
51
14
3
11
37
3
19
–
15
4
Total
148
110
30
2
28
80
7
22
3
48
38
100 - 499
workers
96
80
20
2
18
60
5
20
2
33
16
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported. Overall industry and industry groups may include data for categories not shown separately.
A-5
500 workers
or more
52
30
10
–
10
20
2
2
1
15
22
Appendix table 2. Relative standard errors of mean hourly earnings1 for selected
occupations, all industries, private industry, and State and local government, all
workers2, Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, VA-NC, July 1998
(in percent)
Occupation3
All industries
Private
industry
State and
local
government
All occupations .......................................................................
All occupations excluding sales ............................................
2.6
2.6
3.6
3.7
2.4
2.4
White-collar occupations ...................................................
White-collar occupations excluding sales .........................
3.6
3.7
5.2
5.5
2.8
2.8
Professional specialty and technical occupations ............
Professional specialty occupations ...............................
Engineers, architects, and surveyors .......................
Mathematical and computer scientists .....................
Natural scientists ......................................................
Health related occupations .......................................
Physicians ............................................................
Registered nurses ................................................
Teachers, college and university ..............................
Teachers, except college and university ..................
Elementary school teachers .................................
Secondary school teachers ..................................
Teachers, N.E.C. ..................................................
Vocational and educational counselors ................
Librarians, archivists, and curators ...........................
Librarians ..............................................................
Social scientists and urban planners ........................
Social, recreation, and religious workers ..................
Social workers ......................................................
Lawyers and judges ..................................................
Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and
professionals, N.E.C. ..........................................
Technical occupations ..................................................
Licensed practical nurses .....................................
Technical and related occupations, N.E.C. ..........
Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ...
Executives, administrators, and managers ...............
Administrators and officials, public administration
Financial managers ..............................................
Managers, marketing, advertising and public
relations ..........................................................
Managers, food servicing and lodging
establishments ................................................
Managers, service organizations, N.E.C. .............
Managers and administrators, N.E.C. ..................
Management related occupations ............................
Accountants and auditors .....................................
Purchasing agents and buyers, N.E.C. ................
Construction inspectors ........................................
Management related occupations, N.E.C. ............
Sales occupations ............................................................
Supervisors, sales occupations ............................
Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing,
and wholesale .................................................
Sales workers, other commodities ........................
Cashiers ...............................................................
Administrative support occupations, including clerical .....
Supervisors, general office ...................................
Computer operators ..............................................
Secretaries ...........................................................
Hotel clerks ...........................................................
Receptionists ........................................................
Order clerks ..........................................................
Personnel clerks except payroll and timekeeping
Library clerks ........................................................
Records clerks, N.E.C. .........................................
Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ......
Payroll and timekeeping clerks .............................
Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks ...................
2.6
2.8
5.7
3.2
–
8.0
35.5
2.1
–
2.3
1.5
1.1
24.6
5.6
10.3
10.3
8.8
5.8
5.8
–
4.4
5.5
6.2
3.2
–
9.5
–
2.6
–
–
–
–
15.3
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2.0
2.0
–
–
–
10.1
–
2.3
–
1.5
1.0
0.9
–
–
13.3
13.3
–
6.9
6.9
–
10.6
6.5
2.9
8.4
7.0
7.6
7.9
19.9
12.6
7.1
2.4
–
8.4
9.3
–
19.9
–
6.8
–
–
6.8
4.3
7.9
–
12.3
12.3
–
8.7
5.2
12.7
5.4
5.1
4.3
6.7
6.0
7.4
7.8
8.7
5.2
12.9
6.8
7.1
–
–
6.2
7.8
7.8
–
–
–
4.5
–
–
6.7
–
–
–
13.6
15.2
4.5
3.3
11.2
8.5
5.3
1.9
6.2
17.4
4.7
7.6
4.8
4.1
8.9
5.6
13.6
15.3
5.0
4.0
–
–
7.1
1.9
6.2
17.4
4.7
–
–
4.1
9.1
5.6
–
–
–
3.1
–
–
6.1
–
–
–
–
4.1
–
9.4
–
–
See footnotes at end of table.
A-6
Appendix table 2. Relative standard errors of mean hourly earnings1 for selected
occupations, all industries, private industry, and State and local government, all
workers2, Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, VA-NC, July 1998 — Continued
(in percent)
Occupation3
White-collar occupations (-Continued)
Administrative support occupations, including clerical
(-Continued)
Stock and inventory clerks ....................................
Investigators and adjusters except insurance ......
Eligibility clerks, social welfare .............................
General office clerks .............................................
Bank tellers ...........................................................
Data entry keyers .................................................
Teachers’ aides ....................................................
Administrative support occupations, N.E.C. .........
Blue-collar occupations .....................................................
Precision production, craft, and repair occupations ..........
Supervisors, mechanics and repairers .................
Automobile mechanics .........................................
Industrial machinery repairers ..............................
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration
mechanics ......................................................
Mechanics and repairers, N.E.C. ..........................
Electricians ...........................................................
Plumbers, pipefitters and steamfitters ..................
Construction trades, N.E.C. ..................................
Supervisors, production occupations ....................
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ..............
Miscellaneous machine operators, N.E.C. ...........
Welders and cutters ..............................................
Assemblers ...........................................................
Production inspectors, checkers and examiners ..
Transportation and material moving occupations .............
Truck drivers .........................................................
Bus drivers ............................................................
Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators ..
Miscellaneous material moving equipment
operators, N.E.C. ............................................
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ......
Groundskeepers and gardeners except farm .......
Construction laborers ...........................................
Production helpers ................................................
Stock handlers and baggers .................................
Machine feeders and offbearers ...........................
Freight, stock, and material handlers, N.E.C. .......
Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners ............
Hand packers and packagers ...............................
Laborers except construction, N.E.C. ...................
Service occupations ...........................................................
Protective service occupations .................................
Supervisors, police and detectives .......................
Firefighting occupations ........................................
Police and detectives, public service ....................
Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement
officers ............................................................
Correctional institution officers .............................
Guards and police except public service ..............
Food service occupations .........................................
Supervisors, food preparation and service
occupations ....................................................
Waiters and waitresses ........................................
Cooks ...................................................................
Kitchen workers, food preparation ........................
Waiters’/Waitresses’ assistants ............................
Food preparation occupations, N.E.C. .................
Health service occupations .......................................
See footnotes at end of table.
A-7
All industries
Private
industry
State and
local
government
11.5
9.5
6.0
4.2
4.6
8.9
3.0
3.5
–
9.5
–
5.6
4.6
8.9
–
3.8
–
–
5.8
3.5
–
–
3.0
–
2.6
2.9
5.9
10.3
6.4
3.0
3.3
–
–
6.4
3.9
5.0
–
–
–
7.2
4.5
6.2
2.3
10.7
6.0
6.1
8.1
7.8
17.4
10.8
3.1
5.1
3.2
5.0
–
6.6
–
2.4
–
6.4
6.2
8.6
7.8
17.4
10.8
3.5
5.3
–
5.0
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
5.9
–
3.2
–
7.0
3.3
12.1
8.9
7.0
6.7
8.8
7.9
6.2
7.2
4.8
–
3.4
–
–
7.1
6.7
8.8
7.9
6.3
7.2
5.9
–
8.3
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2.3
3.7
7.7
9.1
3.7
5.0
3.3
11.8
–
–
–
4.0
4.7
9.1
3.7
5.0
6.4
0.5
14.0
6.2
–
–
–
6.3
6.4
0.5
–
16.6
10.5
20.0
5.2
6.7
11.7
4.0
3.4
11.4
20.0
5.3
6.7
11.7
3.8
3.0
–
–
–
–
–
–
6.3
Appendix table 2. Relative standard errors of mean hourly earnings1 for selected
occupations, all industries, private industry, and State and local government, all
workers2, Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, VA-NC, July 1998 — Continued
(in percent)
Occupation3
Service occupations (-Continued)
Health service occupations (-Continued)
Health aides, except nursing ................................
Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants ...............
Cleaning and building service occupations ..............
Supervisors, cleaning and building service
workers ...........................................................
Maids and housemen ...........................................
Janitors and cleaners ...........................................
Personal service occupations ...................................
Attendants, amusement and recreation facilities ..
Welfare service aides ...........................................
Early childhood teachers’ assistants ....................
Service occupations, N.E.C. .................................
1 The relative standard error is the standard error
expressed as a percent of the estimate. Hourly
earnings for these occupations are presented in Tables
A-1 and A-2. Reliable relative standard errors could
not be determined for all occupations.
2 All workers include full-time and part-time
workers. Employees are classified as working either a
full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition
used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with
a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a
full-time employee in one establishment, but classified
as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is
the minimum full-time schedule.
3 A classification system including about 480
individual occupations is used to cover all workers in
the civilian economy. Individual occupations are
classified into one of nine major occupational groups.
All industries
Private
industry
State and
local
government
7.1
3.0
5.0
–
3.0
5.5
–
7.5
5.7
4.5
1.2
5.6
7.6
14.2
7.3
11.3
7.5
9.2
1.2
6.9
8.9
–
–
–
8.1
–
–
5.1
12.3
–
–
–
–
that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall
occupational groups and occupational levels may
include data for categories not shown separately.
N.E.C. means not elsewhere classified. IN THIS SURVEY, THE NONRESPONSE RATE FOR PRIVATE INDUSTRY EXCEEDED REGULAR SURVEY STANDARDS FOR PUBLICATION. ACCORDINGLY, USERS SHOULD INTERPRET THESE RESULTS
WITH THIS LIMITATION IN MIND.
NOTE: Individual and average wage rates were
collected in this update survey. A procedure was put
into place to "move" the positional statistics where
averages were collected. This procedure compares
current locality survey data–at the quote level–with the
same quote from the prior survey. Individual rates
from the prior survey are moved by the average
change in mean wages for the occupation.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or
A-8
Appendix table 3. Average work levels for selected occupations, all workers,
full-time and part-time workers, Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, VA-NC,
July 1998
All
Full-time Part-time
workers workers workers
Occupation1
All occupations .................................................................................
All occupations excluding sales ......................................................
5
5
6
6
3
3
White-collar occupations .............................................................
White-collar occupations excluding sales ...................................
6
7
7
7
4
4
Professional specialty and technical occupations ......................
Professional specialty occupations .........................................
Engineers, architects, and surveyors .................................
Mathematical and computer scientists ...............................
Natural scientists ................................................................
Health related occupations .................................................
Physicians ......................................................................
Registered nurses ..........................................................
Teachers, college and university ........................................
Teachers, except college and university ............................
Elementary school teachers ...........................................
Secondary school teachers ............................................
Teachers, N.E.C. ............................................................
Vocational and educational counselors ..........................
Librarians, archivists, and curators .....................................
Librarians ........................................................................
Social scientists and urban planners ..................................
Social, recreation, and religious workers ............................
Social workers ................................................................
Lawyers and judges ............................................................
Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and professionals,
N.E.C. ...........................................................................
Technical occupations ............................................................
Licensed practical nurses ...............................................
Technical and related occupations, N.E.C. ....................
Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations .............
Executives, administrators, and managers .........................
Administrators and officials, public administration ..........
Financial managers ........................................................
Managers, marketing, advertising and public relations ..
Managers, food servicing and lodging establishments ...
Managers, service organizations, N.E.C. .......................
Managers and administrators, N.E.C. ............................
Management related occupations ......................................
Accountants and auditors ...............................................
Purchasing agents and buyers, N.E.C. ..........................
Construction inspectors ..................................................
Management related occupations, N.E.C. ......................
Sales occupations ......................................................................
Supervisors, sales occupations ......................................
Sales occupations, other business services ...................
Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing, and
wholesale ..................................................................
Sales workers, other commodities ..................................
Cashiers .........................................................................
Administrative support occupations, including clerical ...............
Supervisors, general office .............................................
Computer operators ........................................................
Secretaries .....................................................................
Hotel clerks .....................................................................
Receptionists ..................................................................
Order clerks ....................................................................
Personnel clerks except payroll and timekeeping ..........
Library clerks ..................................................................
Records clerks, N.E.C. ...................................................
Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ................
Payroll and timekeeping clerks .......................................
Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks .............................
Stock and inventory clerks ..............................................
Investigators and adjusters except insurance ................
Eligibility clerks, social welfare .......................................
General office clerks .......................................................
Bank tellers .....................................................................
8
9
9
10
–
8
10
8
–
9
9
8
8
9
8
8
9
8
8
–
8
9
9
–
–
9
10
8
–
9
9
8
8
9
8
8
9
8
8
–
8
9
–
–
–
8
–
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
9
7
6
6
9
10
11
10
9
8
8
10
8
8
8
6
7
4
8
–
9
7
6
6
9
10
11
10
9
8
8
10
8
8
8
6
7
5
8
4
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
3
–
–
9
4
3
4
7
6
4
2
2
3
4
3
4
4
5
4
3
4
5
3
3
9
4
3
4
7
6
4
–
2
–
–
–
4
4
5
3
–
4
5
3
–
–
3
3
2
–
–
–
–
2
3
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
See footnotes at end of table.
A-9
Appendix table 3. Average work levels for selected occupations, all workers,
full-time and part-time workers, Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, VA-NC,
July 1998 — Continued
All
Full-time Part-time
workers workers workers
Occupation1
White-collar occupations (-Continued)
Administrative support occupations, including clerical
(-Continued)
Data entry keyers ...........................................................
Teachers’ aides ..............................................................
Administrative support occupations, N.E.C. ...................
2
3
4
2
3
4
–
–
–
Blue-collar occupations ...............................................................
Precision production, craft, and repair occupations ....................
Supervisors, mechanics and repairers ...........................
Automobile mechanics ...................................................
Industrial machinery repairers ........................................
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics ...
Mechanics and repairers, N.E.C. ....................................
Electricians .....................................................................
Plumbers, pipefitters and steamfitters ............................
Construction trades, N.E.C. ............................................
Supervisors, production occupations ..............................
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ........................
Miscellaneous machine operators, N.E.C. .....................
Welders and cutters ........................................................
Assemblers .....................................................................
Production inspectors, checkers and examiners ............
Transportation and material moving occupations .......................
Truck drivers ...................................................................
Bus drivers ......................................................................
Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators ............
Miscellaneous material moving equipment operators,
N.E.C. .......................................................................
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ................
Groundskeepers and gardeners except farm .................
Construction laborers .....................................................
Production helpers ..........................................................
Stock handlers and baggers ...........................................
Machine feeders and offbearers .....................................
Freight, stock, and material handlers, N.E.C. .................
Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners ......................
Hand packers and packagers .........................................
Laborers except construction, N.E.C. .............................
4
6
8
7
7
7
6
7
7
5
8
3
3
6
3
5
4
4
4
4
4
6
8
7
7
7
6
7
7
5
8
3
3
6
3
5
4
4
–
4
2
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
3
–
4
–
4
2
3
2
2
3
1
2
3
2
2
4
2
–
2
2
3
1
2
3
2
2
–
2
–
–
–
2
–
–
–
–
1
Service occupations .....................................................................
Protective service occupations ...........................................
Supervisors, police and detectives .................................
Firefighting occupations ..................................................
Police and detectives, public service ..............................
Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement officers ......
Correctional institution officers .......................................
Guards and police except public service ........................
Food service occupations ...................................................
Supervisors, food preparation and service occupations
Waiters and waitresses ..................................................
Cooks .............................................................................
Kitchen workers, food preparation ..................................
Waiters’/Waitresses’ assistants ......................................
Food preparation occupations, N.E.C. ...........................
3
6
9
5
7
6
5
3
2
5
2
3
2
2
1
4
6
9
5
7
6
5
3
3
6
2
3
–
–
2
2
3
–
–
–
–
–
–
2
–
2
2
2
2
1
See footnotes at end of table.
A-10
Appendix table 3. Average work levels for selected occupations, all workers,
full-time and part-time workers, Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, VA-NC,
July 1998 — Continued
All
Full-time Part-time
workers workers workers
Occupation1
Service occupations (-Continued)
Health service occupations .................................................
Health aides, except nursing ..........................................
Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants .........................
Cleaning and building service occupations ........................
Supervisors, cleaning and building service workers .......
Maids and housemen .....................................................
Janitors and cleaners .....................................................
Personal service occupations .............................................
Attendants, amusement and recreation facilities ............
Welfare service aides .....................................................
Early childhood teachers’ assistants ..............................
Service occupations, N.E.C. ...........................................
1 A classification system including about 480
individual occupations is used to cover all workers in
the civilian economy. Individual occupations are
classified into one of nine major occupational groups.
The occupations titled authors, musicians, actors,
painters, photographers, dancers, artists, athletes, and
legislators cannot be assigned a work level.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or
that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall
occupational groups and occupational levels may
3
4
2
2
5
1
2
3
3
3
3
2
3
–
3
3
5
1
3
4
–
–
–
2
2
–
2
2
–
–
2
2
–
–
–
–
include data for categories not shown separately.
N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified."
NOTE: Individual and average wage rates were
collected in this update survey. A procedure was put
into place to "move" the positional statistics where
averages were collected. This procedure compares
current locality survey data–at the quote level–with the
same quote from the prior survey. Individual rates
from the prior survey are moved by the average
change in mean wages for the occupation.
A-11

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Industrial Safety Market

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