リビア政治経済社会情勢
リビア政治経済社会情勢 2011 年 3 月
●政治（リビア内戦）
CIA が対リビア空爆に関して諜報員をリビアに送り込み、反政府側と連絡を取り合った
経緯が関係者の証言で明らかになった。
Thursday, 31 March, 2011: WASHINGTON — The Central Intelligence Agency has inserted
clandestine operatives into Libya to gather intelligence for military airstrikes and make contacts
with rebels battling Col. Muammar el-Qaddafi’s forces, according to American officials. While
President Obama has insisted that no American ground troops join in the Libyan campaign,
small groups of C.I.A. operatives have been working in Libya for several weeks and are part of
a shadow force of Westerners that the Obama administration hopes can help set back Colonel
Qaddafi’s military, the officials said. The C.I.A. presence comprises an unknown number of
American officers who had worked at the spy agency’s station in Tripoli and those who arrived
more recently. [New York Times]
●政治（人権）
「少なくても 370 名のリビア人が 2 月中旬からリビア東部で行方不明。リビア政府軍に
拘束された可能性が強い」と Human Rights Watch が懸念を表明。
Thursday, 31 March, 2011: (Benghazi) - At least 370 Libyans have been reported missing in the
eastern part of the country since mid-February 2011, some of them known or suspected to be in
Libyan government custody, Human Rights Watch said today. Human Rights Watch
documented 72 cases in the east of people who are missing or were apparently disappeared by
government forces. The Libyan Red Crescent Society in Benghazi has recorded 370 missing
person cases from Benghazi and Baida. Most of those reported missing to Human Rights Watch
are men who apparently fought with rebels against the government, Human Rights Watch said.
[HRW]
●政治（内戦）
中国の胡錦濤国家主席は「もしリビア空爆で民間人に死者が出たら国連決議の
精神に違反することになる」と警鐘。
Thursday, 31 March, 2011: Chinese President Hu Jintao has warned that coalition airstrikes on
Libya could violate the spirit of the UN resolution on the North African country if civilians are
killed in the process. Speaking at a press conference with visiting French President Nicolas
Sarkozy Wednesday, Hu also said violence would not resolve the armed political stand-off in
Libya. Rebels in eastern Libya are fighting to end Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi's 41-year
hold on power. Sarkozy is a strong backer of the coalition operation against Gadhafi that aims to
1
destroy the Libyan leader's air and land defenses, and prevent him from attacking his own
people. [VOA News]
●経済（体制）
「カダフィ後のリビアは経済改革が進み企業の民営化が活発化することが予測される」
-世界銀行地域担当役員のコメント。
Thursday, 31 March, 2011: RABAT — A post-Gaddafi Libya would likely seek to diversify its
economy and encourage the private sector, the World Bank's regional director said on
Wednesday. "I would have thought going forward, depending on what the authorities would be
looking at, is to build up a modern, private-sector friendly environment that allows it to
diversify from its petrol-rich dependency to something that's more sustainable," Simon Gray,
who oversees the Maghreb region, told Reuters when asked how he thought Libya's economy
might change in the event Muammar Gaddafi left power. The West has launched an air war on
Gaddafi's forces to support rebels who now control part of Libya. Western leaders say they want
Gaddafi to leave office. [MSNBC]
●政治（内戦）
リビア反政府軍はカタールからのテレビ放映を開始準備。
Thursday, 31 March, 2011: Libyan rebels are preparing to launch a television channel,
broadcasting from Qatar. The channel, named simply Libya and calling itself "the new channel
for all Free Libyans" had been scheduled to start transmissions this evening, according to local
media reports, though it is unclear whether that deadline will be met. There was frenzied
activity this evening at the Doha compound here the channel is based. Qatari police prevented
journalists approaching the offices where technical staff appeared to be working. A spokesman
for Libya's Interim National Council, the hastily formed western-backed rebel leadership body,
said that the timing was ideal. [Guardian]
●政治（カダフィ後）
米国の高官がリビアにおいて 3 つの目的を国際社会が共有すべきであると強調。
1.リビア国民に対する人道支援、2.カダフィ政権への圧力強化と孤立化、3.リビアの政
治変革への支援
Wednesday, 30 March, 2011: WASHINGTON, March 29, 2011 – The international community
must work toward three goals in Libya, America’s senior diplomat said today: delivering
humanitarian assistance, pressuring and isolating Moammar Gadhafi’s regime, and supporting
Libyans’ efforts for political change. Speaking at the International Conference on Libya in
London, Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton said the United States has been proud to
stand with its NATO, Arab and European partners in protecting Libya’s people. “We have
prevented a potential massacre, established a no-fly zone, stopped an advancing army, added
more partners to this coalition, and transferred command of the military effort to NATO,” she
2
said. Today’s conference in London marks a turning point, Clinton said. While military actions
will continue under NATO command, she explained, international attention must focus on
humanitarian assistance and political transition in Libya. [Defence]
（関連記事）
Wednesday, 30 March, 2011: President Barack Obama says the United States is at the center of
efforts to build a better future for the Libyan people, but is not acting alone. The president spoke
one day after laying out his policy on Libya. President Obama said Tuesday American
leadership is helping an international coalition to save innocent lives in Libya. "We are making
it clear that the United States of America and the world stand with those who seek to determine
their own destiny, free from fear, and free to dream of a day when they, too, can live in justice
and dignity. I think that is the essence of American leadership. That is what it means to lead," he
said. [VOA News]
●政治（リビア空爆）
ルーマニア政府は米国空軍がリビアを空爆する際に燃料補給基地を提供することに同
意。同国南部にはすでに 4 ヶ所の米軍基地がある。
Wednesday, 30 March, 2011: Romania has agreed to allow the U.S. military aircraft in its
territory for refueling in the wake of ongoing Libya mission. Romania's Presidential
Administration said that Supreme Council for National Defense (CSAT) has accepted
Washington’s request to open its aerodromes on the basis of the Strategic Partnership between
them. Romania already has four American military bases in southeastern Romania. The U.S.
particularly uses Mihail Kogalniceanu air base to transport equipment and troops for its
operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. The council’s decision came exactly a week after it allowed
sending more than 200 Navy soldiers in a frigate to help enforce the ban against Libya in the
Mediterranean Sea. [All Headline News]
●政治（米国）
米国は今後数週間以内にベンガジの反政府側に対して訪問団を派遣。クリントン長官が
ロンドンでの国際会議開催前に反政府側の Mahmoud Jebril 氏と会談した際に明らかに
した。
Wednesday, 30 March, 2011: The U.S. will send its special envoy for Libya to Benghazi within
the next week for talks with rebel opposition leaders, an administration official said. The
announcement came as Secretary of State Hillary Clinton met with Libyan opposition leader
Mahmoud Jebril before a London conference today to discuss political and military progress in
Libya. The meeting, attended by more than 30 foreign ministers, comes as the U.S.-led coalition
hands over command of military operations to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. U.K.
Prime Minister David Cameron proposed creation of a steering group to work on all aspects of
Libya’s political transition in remarks before the gathered ministers. [Bloomberg]
3
●政治（内戦）
反政権側（Interim National Council (INC)）の代表団がロンドンでキャメロン首相と会談
し、カダフィ大佐追放後の民主国家構想を話合い。
Wednesday, 30 March, 2011: Representatives of the Libyan opposition today set out their vision
for a democratic country after dictator Muammar Gaddafi has been removed from power. A
delegation from the transitional Interim National Council (INC) was in London for today's
international conference, led by special envoy Mahmoud Jabril, who met Prime Minister David
Cameron for talks in 10 Downing Street. In a statement entitled "A Vision of a Democratic
Libya", the INC said it was committed - following the defeat of the "illegal" Gaddafi regime - to
a "civil society that recognises intellectual and political pluralism and allows for the peaceful
transition of power through legal institutions and ballot boxes; in accordance with a national
constitution crafted by the people and endorsed in a referendum". Every adult citizen would
have the right to vote in "free and fair parliamentary and presidential elections as well as the
right to run for office", it said. It said the state would "respect the sanctity of religious doctrine
and condemn intolerance, extremism and violence" and "denounce violence, terrorism,
intolerance and cultural isolation". [Independent]
（関連記事）
・Wednesday, 30 March, 2011: London - Members of the Libyan opposition's Interim National
Council appeared today at the London meeting on the international action in Libya and called
for broader political support. “We have been fighting with machine guns” against a superior
army, said media chief Mahmoud Shammam, "but we are asking for political support more than
we are asking for arms.” In sharp contrast to what Muammar Qaddafi has called drug addicts
and Al Qaeda members, he described the rebel movement as being made up of "well-educated"
young people. What's more, said Shammam, a Libyan exile and native of Benghazi, where the
rebel government is based, rebels want to implement secular and democratic reforms. US
Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and British Foreign Minister William Hague met opposition
leader Mahmoud Jabril outside of the talks here. Ms. Clinton said that Mr. Jabril’s views on
politics and civil society, including a secular vision of government, are “exactly in line with
what [the opposition] has said are their goals.” [Christian Science Monitor]
●政治（内戦）
ピッツバーグ大学を卒業したリビア人が本国に帰国し、反政府軍支援のウェブサイトを
立ち上げ。
Wednesday, 30 March, 2011: PITTSBURGH — A Libyan man who graduated from the
University of Pittsburgh has returned to his homeland to set up a website to help rebels
communicate in their efforts to topple the government headed by Moammar Gadhafi. "I just
want to pitch in and help. God is on our side," Abdulrahman Salem told the Pittsburgh
4
Tribune-Review's Middle East correspondent in Benghazi earlier this month. Salem works as a
software developer for Google in Pittsburgh, having graduated from Pitt in 2007 with an
information science degree, and left for Libya three weeks ago, the newspaper reported in
Tuesday's editions. Massaud Salem came to Pittsburgh in 1977 and is supporting his son's
efforts and the rebels from his family's business, Salem's Market & Grill, which has become a
haven for Pittsburgh's tiny Libyan population. [The Republic]
●政治（内戦）
リビア外相が英国亡命＝カダフィ政権から離脱（時事通信 3 月 31 日）
英外務省スポークスマンは 30 日夜、リビアのクーサ外相が同日、チュニジアからロ
ンドン郊外の空港に到着、亡命したことを明らかにした。同外相は最高指導者カダフィ
大佐の側近の一人とも言われ、今回の亡命はカダフィ体制にとって大きな打撃となる。
同スポークスマンは「クーサ外相は自らの自由な意思で（英国に）来ており、外相を辞
任すると語っている」と強調。その上で「外相はもはやカダフィ体制の代弁者として行
動する意思はない」とし、カダフィ政権から離脱したと述べた。BBC テレビは、英国
入りの理由について、カダフィ体制から逃げ出すためと伝えた。クーサ外相が到着した
のはファンボロー空港で、同空港は民間定期便には使用されておらず、特別に手配され
た航空機でロンドンに来たとみられる。これより先、リビア側は同外相は外交上の任務
で海外にいるとし、カダフィ政権からの離脱や亡命を否定していた。クーサ外相は 28
日からチュニジア入りしていたという。
（関連記事）
Thursday, 31 March, 2011: Libyan Foreign Minister Moussa Koussa is in Britain and "no longer
willing" to work for Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi's regime, the Foreign Office says. He
flew into an airport near the capital earlier on Wednesday. He has subsequently spent hours
talking to British officials. His apparent defection comes as rebels in Libya are retreating from
former strongholds along the eastern coast as Colonel Gaddafi's forces advance. The rebels have
now lost the key oil port of Ras Lanuf and the nearby town of Bin Jawad, and are also in full
retreat from Brega. [BBC]
●政治（リビア内戦）
米仏独英首脳、「カダフィ大佐退陣」で一致＝ホワイトハウス（ロイター3 月 29 日）
米ホワイトハウスは２８日、オバマ大統領が英、仏、独首脳とのビデオ会議で、リビ
アのカダフィ大佐は国を統治する正当性を失っており退陣すべきとの見解で一致した
ことを明らかにした。カーニー報道官が声明を発表した。
●政治（内戦）
リビア カダフィ大佐の地元めぐり攻防 シルト 多国籍軍空爆、ヤマ場（産経新聞 3 月 29 日）
【カイロ＝大内清】英国やフランス、米国などの多国籍軍が軍事介入したリビアで、
北東部ベンガジを拠点とする反体制派は２８日、最高指導者カダフィ大佐の出身地であ
5
る中部の主要都市シルト攻略に向けて西進を続けた。中東の衛星テレビ局アルジャジー
ラによると、反体制派はシルトの東約７０キロの町ハラワを制圧、シルト郊外でカダフ
ィ氏側の政権軍部隊との戦闘に入った。これに先立ち、多国籍軍は２７日夜から２８日
未明にかけシルトを空爆した。反体制派はシルトを足がかりに首都トリポリ方面へ進撃
したい考えで、シルトをめぐる攻防は双方にとって大きなヤマ場となる。一方、多国籍
軍に参加するカタールは同日、反体制派組織「国民評議会」を「リビアの唯一の正統な
代表機関」として承認すると発表した。同評議会を承認したのはフランスに続き２カ国
目。反体制派は、多国籍軍が軍事作戦を始めた今月１９日以前にもシルト攻略を試みた
ものの、同市を防衛線と位置づけるカダフィ氏側の反撃に遭い、政権軍の反攻を受けて
いた。空爆開始後は、政権軍側が部隊の被害を避けるため制圧していた中部の各都市を
放棄。シルト付近に兵力を集中しているとみられていた。
カダフィ氏側にとってシルトは最重要拠点の一つ。陥落すれば、カダフィ氏側の支配
地域はトリポリがある北西部に限られることになり、部隊への心理的な打撃も大きい。
ただ、装備などの面で劣る反体制派としてもこのまま首都へ“快進撃”を続けるのは容
易ではなく、リビアが東西に分断されたまま膠着（こうちゃく）状態に陥る可能性もあ
る。一方、リビア外務省は２８日、北西部の主要都市ミスラタで抵抗を続けている反体
制派への攻撃を停止したと発表した。また反体制派組織「国民評議会」は２７日、今後
１週間以内に石油の輸出を開始できる見通しだと発表した。反体制派が制圧するリビア
東部地域の原油生産量は現在、日量１０万～１３万バレル程度で、カタールの石油会社
が輸出を請け負う。
（関連記事）
・Tuesday, 29 March, 2011: BENGHAZI: As Libya’s rebel fighters push west, retaking towns
they lost to government forces a week earlier, opposition representatives in Benghazi are trying
to form a government-in-waiting. The task is a difficult and delicate one, being handled by a
group of Libyan elites, many of whom have returned from exile. They face obstacles ranging
from poor communications to the sensitivities of Libyans at home and abroad. At present, the
official voice of Libya’s opposition rests with the so-called Provisional Transitional National
Council (PTNC), a group of 31 members representing the country’s major cities and towns. The
names of only 13 have been publicly revealed. The council says it remains too dangerous to
identify members in areas still controlled by Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi. [The Peninsula
Qatar]
・Monday, 28 March, 2011: Air raids targeting the Libyan city of Sirte tonight aided rebels
advancing towards the city, a regime stronghold, while it was confirmed that NATO will now be
assuming the entire mission in the war-torn country, including all air strikes and the civilian
protection mission. Taking Moammar Gadhafi's hometown Sirte, which lies halfway between
the rebel-held east and the government-controlled west, would be a major coup for the rebels
6
who are quickly advancing toward the capitol city of Tripoli. Entrances to Sirte have been
mined, according to The Associated Press. Earlier today, rebels regained two key oil complexes
along Libya's coastal highway. Their westward march towards Sirte mirrors their earlier
advancement towards the capitol, but this week they had powerful air forces bombarding
Gadhafi's military and clearing a path. [ABC]
・Tuesday, 29 March, 2011: British Tornado jets have flown "deep into the desert" to strike at
ammunition bunkers in Libya, Prime Minister David Cameron has said. In a Commons
statement on 28 March 2011 on last week's EU summit, Mr Cameron told MPs that the RAF
had flown more than 120 sorties since military action began, praising the "extremely skilful and
courageous" work of British pilots. Mr Cameron, who will host an international conference on
Libya tomorrow, said it was vital to have "political and diplomatic unity" to put pressure on
Muammar Gaddafi. The PM said: "The no-fly zone is now fully operational and effective. When
it has been challenged, Gaddafi's planes have been shot down. [BBC]
・Tuesday, 29 March, 2011: Colonel Gaddafi's regime staged a show of force in Misurata last
night to support claims it had retaken the only opposition stronghold in western Libya, despite
reports British jets bombed tanks and armoured vehicles in the area. Soldiers from the feared
32nd Brigade of the Libyan army, known as the Khamis brigade for its loyalty to Col Gaddafi's
son Khamis, had deployed to fixed positions around burnt-out buildings and pockmarked
shopping centres. Facing the best equipped and trained unit in the Libyan army, local fighters
have proved resilient but are in retreat. The Ministry of Defence confirmed RAF Tornado
aircraft had destroyed two main battle tanks and two armoured vehicles in the Misurata area on
Monday. [Telegraph]
●政治（米国）
オバマ大統領はリビア空爆の根拠などを米国民に説明。
Tuesday, 29 March, 2011: President Barack Obama goes before the American people late
Monday (at 23:30 UTC) to explain his decisions, and objectives that the U.S., its international
partners and NATO have in Libya. Our correspondent reports on what the nation and the world
are likely to hear from the president. NATO is already formally in charge of enforcing the no-fly
zone over Libya, and carrying out the United Nations-mandated humanitarian mission of
protecting Libyan civilians from forces loyal to Moammar Gadhafi. After a key meeting of U.S.
and international partners, including the Arab League, in London, NATO will also assume full
control of command and control of Libya operations. [VOA News]
（関連記事）
・Monday, 28 March, 2011: The Obama administration is defending its decision to intervene
militarily in Libya, despite admitting that no vital U.S. interests are at stake in the country. One
day before President Barack Obama is to speak to the nation on U.S. efforts in Libya, Defense
7
Secretary Robert Gates was asked if turmoil and bloodshed in Libya posed a threat to the United
States. "No, no. It was not a vital national interest of the United States. But it was an interest:
the engagement of the Arabs [Arab League], the engagement of the Europeans, the general
humanitarian question that was at stake," he said. "You have had revolutions on the east and the
west of Libya, Egypt and Tunisia. So you had a potentially destabilizing event taking place in
Libya that put at risk, potentially, the revolutions in both Tunisia and Egypt. And that was
another [U.S.] consideration." [VOA]
●政治（中東）
トルコはリビア内戦の仲介役を果たそうとしている。
Tuesday, 29 March, 2011: Turkey is positioning itself as a mediator in the ongoing conflict in
Libya. With fighting continuing to escalate in Libya, Turkey is intensifying its efforts to find a
political solution to the conflict. It is one of the few countries that still has both its embassy
open in the Libyan capital Tripoli and a consul functioning in Benghazi - the center of the rebel
opposition. Senior Turkish diplomat Selim Yenel said a political solution is crucial for Libya.
"Turkey is now talking to both sides, and we believe one of the few countries that can to talk to
both sides. In the end it's the only way out, otherwise more and more military actions will push
people into a corner and you have to show a way out. And we believe a diplomatic solution is a
way out. " [VOA News]
●政治（北アフリカ）
リビアのムサクサ外相がチュニスを訪問。チュニジア側によれば私的な訪問とのこと。
Tuesday, 29 March, 2011: TUNIS, Tunisia — Tunisia's official news agency says Libya's
Foreign Minister Moussa Koussa has arrived in Tunisia for a "private visit." TAP news agency
says Koussa crossed into the country Monday through Ras Jedir border crossing. It quotes
Tunisia's foreign ministry as saying that Koussa came on a "private visit." It did not elaborate.
TAP says Koussa is not on a list of Libyan official banned from international travel following
the U.N. sanctions imposed on Libya, following Moammar Gadhafi's crackdown on protesters.
[Canadian Press]
●政治（欧州）
イタリアのフラティニ外相はリビアはじきにカダフィ大佐の圧制から自由になるとの
見方を示した。
Tuesday, 29 March, 2011: ROME: Libya will soon be "liberated" from Moamer Kadhafi, Italian
Foreign Minister Franco Frattini said on Monday, adding that the strongman could give up
power under an African Union proposal. "I think that Libya will be liberated quickly and that
the situation will be resolved in short notice," Frattini said on La7 television. "In the UN
resolution no violent collapse of the regime" is foreseen, but there is "an implicit pre-condition,
unwritten, that I read as: Kadhafi must go," he said. "I think the African Union has the
8
possibility of coming up with a useful proposition that will push Kadhafi to give up power," he
said. [Economic Times]
●政治（人道）
Amnesty International はカダフィ大佐側の軍隊によって多くの国民が殺害されたり行方
不明になったり拘束されている実状を憂慮。
Tuesday, 29 March, 2011: Amnesty International says dozens of people in Libya, including
dissidents and opposition figures, have disappeared and are likely detained by forces loyal to
Moammar Gadhafi. The London-based rights group lists more than 30 cases in which
individuals including political activists and those suspected of supporting rebel fighters have
disappeared since February. The cases were based on testimonies from relatives and others
related to those reported missing. The group said Monday that Gadhafi's supporters appear to
have a systematic policy to detain anyone suspected of opposition to the dictator's rule. It says
some of the dissidents are held incommunicado and transfered to Gadhafi's stronghold in
western Libya. [Taiwan News]
●エネルギー（供給）
リビア反体制派による原油輸出、制裁措置の対象外＝米財務省当局者（ロイター3 月 29 日）
［ワシントン
２８日 ロイター］ 米財務省当局者は２８日、リビア反体制派によ
る原油輸出についてロイターに対し、米国の対リビア制裁措置の対象となっている国営
石油公社（ＮＯＣ）などカダフィ体制派組織とは別に行われた場合、制裁対象にはなら
ないとの認識を示した。その上で、反体制派はリビア中央銀行を利用しない決済システ
ムを確立すべき、と指摘した。リビア反体制派は勢いを盛り返しており、週末には東部
の油田や石油ターミナルの多くを奪還している。
●政治（リビア空爆）
指揮権継承で合意＝対リビア空爆作戦、多国籍軍から―NATO（時事通信 3 月 28 日）
【ブリュッセル時事】北大西洋条約機構（NATO）は 27 日、ブリュッセルで大使級
会合を開き、米英仏主体の多国籍軍が行ってきた対リビア空爆の指揮権を引き継ぐこと
で合意した。NATO は同日、リビア上空の飛行禁止空域を維持する警戒監視活動でも多
国籍軍から指揮権を継承。武器禁輸の海上封鎖を含め、国連安保理決議に基づく対リビ
ア軍事行動はいずれも NATO の指揮下に入る。NATO が空爆作戦を担うことについて
はトルコやフランスが反対を唱え、決定が遅れていたが、1 週間に及ぶ調整を経て、同
盟に深刻な対立が生じる事態は回避できた。合意を受けてラスムセン NATO 事務総長
は声明を出し、「作戦遂行に直ちに着手するよう司令官に指示した」と表明した。指揮
権は 72 時間以内に NATO に移る見通しだ。これに伴い、空爆を主導してきた米軍は作
戦上、補完的な役割に退く。
(関連記事)
リビア飛行禁止区域 ＮＡＴＯが指揮権 任務解釈で混乱も（産経新聞 3 月 26 日）
9
北大西洋条約機構（ＮＡＴＯ）のラスムセン事務総長は２４日、リビア上空に設定す
る飛行禁止区域の指揮権についてＮＡＴＯが米軍から引き継ぐことで合意したと発表
した。ＮＡＴＯへの指揮権移譲を主張する米英と難色を示すフランス、トルコの対立が
鮮明になっていたが、政治的な意思決定は多国籍軍参加国で行うことで妥協が成立した。
２０日から始まったＮＡＴＯの協議は空爆に批判的なドイツやＮＡＴＯへの指揮権移
譲に反対するフランスの大使が途中退席するなど緊迫したが、米英仏、トルコの４カ国
が２４日、武器密輸を取り締まる海上封鎖と飛行禁止区域の維持管理にＮＡＴＯの任務
を限定することで合意した。指揮権は数日以内に米アフリカ軍のハム司令官からＮＡＴ
Ｏのスタブリデス欧州連合軍最高司令官（米国出身）に移譲される。ＮＡＴＯ非加盟の
カタールなども作戦に参加しており、アフガニスタンの国際治安支援部隊（ＩＳＡＦ）
にならって多国籍軍参加国による「戦略委員会」を設け、作戦目標などを協議する。
一方、オバマ米政権はＮＡＴＯへの指揮権移譲について「（多国籍軍の行動が）次の
段階に移る」（クリントン国務長官）と歓迎している。当初から「数週間ではなく数日」
（オバマ大統領）で側面支援に転じる姿勢を示してきただけに、安堵（あんど）感が広
がった。だが、合意されたＮＡＴＯの任務の解釈をめぐる混乱も生じ始めている。ラス
ムセンＮＡＴＯ事務総長は記者会見で、飛行禁止区域の指揮権以外の「広範な責務をＮ
ＡＴＯが引き受けるかは検討中で、決定していない」と明言を避けた。しかし、米政府
高官は記者団に、市民保護のための武力行使の指揮権移譲でも合意し、「週末までに計
画が承認される」と話すなど、認識の違いが浮き彫りになっている。米政権内でも「多
国籍軍が必要とすれば、阻止攻撃を提供することもある」（ゴートニー海軍中将）とい
う声が上がり、微妙な見解の食い違いがある。
(関連記事)
・Sunday, 27 March, 2011: President Obama said Saturday that he sent U.S. warplanes into
Libya a week ago to avert a "humanitarian catastrophe" and a "blood bath," and he denied that
the U.S. is being drawn into a wider war there. "The United States should not -- and cannot -intervene every time there's a crisis somewhere in the world," the president said in his Saturday
radio address. "But I firmly believe that when innocent people are being brutalized, when
someone like [Moammar] Kadafii threats a blood bath that could destabilize an entire region,
and when the international community is prepared to come together to save many thousands of
lives, then it's in our national interest to act. And it's our responsibility. This is one of those
times." [Los Angeles Times]
・Sunday, 27 March, 2011: TRIPOLI, Libya — Days of coalition airstrikes appeared Saturday to
have pushed open the door to western Libya for anti-government rebel forces, which retook the
strategic city of Ajdabiya as a weakened military loyal to leader Moammar Gaddafi fell back.
Although fluid and potentially reversible, the rebel gains on the ground were the clearest
indication yet that intensive airstrikes carried out by U.S., French and British warplanes and
10
naval assets over the past week have softened up Libya’s military considerably. The rebel
advance also underscored the central role that international forces are playing in Libya’s internal
conflict, providing military support to rebels that Libyan officials condemned for exceeding the
United Nations mandate to protect civilians. [Washington Post]
・フランスのサルコジ大統領がアラブ諸国の独裁政権に対して、カダフィ大佐が行なっ
ているような状況を行なえば、EU などが介入する事態を招くと警告。
Sunday, 27 March, 2011: EUOBSERVER / BRUSSELS - French President Nicolas Sarkozy has
warned all Arab rulers that they risk Libya-type intervention if they cross a certain line of
violence against their own people. The president told press at an EU summit in Brussels on
Thursday (24 March) that UN Security Council resolution 1973 authorising air strikes on Libya
has created a legal and political precedent on the "responsibility to protect." Referring to deadly
violence in Syria, he explained: "Every ruler should understand, and especially every Arab ruler
should understand that the reaction of the international community and of Europe will from this
moment on each time be the same: we will be on the side of peaceful protesters who must not be
repressed with violence." [EU Observer]
・カタールの戦闘機が 25 日アラブ諸国初となるリビア空爆に参加。
Saturday, 26 March, 2011: A Qatar fighter pilot, in a strong and symbolic show of military
support, became the first from any Arab nation to fly a combat mission over Libya Friday. The
Qatari Air Force Mirage 2000 was joined by a French fighter jet when heading out on its first
patrol. "Qatar has been a great ally since day one," said Mustafa Gheriani, spokesman for the
opposition Benghazi city council. "It's an Arab country to be proud of." Qatar has pledged six
Mirages and two C-17s transports in the Libyan operation. Officials did not release any details
of the Qatar pilot's role in his debut coalition flight. "Having our first Arab nation join and start
flying with us emphasizes that the world wants the innocent Libyan people protected from the
atrocities perpetrated by the pro-regime forces," said U.S. Air Force Commander Maj. Gen.
Margaret Woodward. [New York Daily News]
●政治（米国）
カダフィ大佐の息子のカミス（27 歳）は内戦勃発の数週間前に米国の施設を訪問して
いた。訪問先はヒューストン港、米国空軍士官学校、米国士官学校（ここは後日キャン
セル）など。
Saturday, 26 March, 2011: WASHINGTON (AP) -- A son of Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi
toured U.S. ports and military facilities just weeks before he helped lead deadly attacks on
rebels protesting his father's authoritarian regime. Khamis Gaddafi, 27, spent four weeks in the
U.S. as part of an internship with AECOM, a global infrastructure company with deep business
interests in Libya, according to Paul Gennaro, AECOM's Senior Vice President for Global
Communications. The trip was to include visits to the Port of Houston, Air Force Academy,
11
National War College and West Point, Gennaro said. The West Point visit was canceled on Feb.
17, when the trip was cut short and Gaddafi returned to Libya, Gennaro said. The uprising there
began with a series of protests on Feb. 15. [...] Khamis Gaddafi was killed earlier this week after
a disaffected Libyan air force pilot who crash-landed his jet in the ruling family's headquarters,
according to unconfirmed reports cited by ABC News and Al-Arabiya television. [Huffington
Post]
●政治（リビア空爆）
対リビア軍事作戦 10 カ国参加＝航空機 350 機、艦船 38 隻（時事通信 3 月 25 日）
米国防総省は 24 日、対リビアの軍事作戦には、中東のカタールを含め 10 カ国が参加
し、リビア上空に設定された飛行禁止空域での任務には少なくとも米英仏、スペイン、
イタリア、カナダなど 8 カ国が参加していることを明らかにした。多国籍軍は航空機
350 機以上、艦船 38 隻（米軍 12 隻）を投入している。米軍統合参謀本部のゴートニー
海軍中将によると、飛行禁止空域は反政府勢力拠点の東部ベンガジから首都トリポリ、
チュニジア国境に至る東西のリビア沿岸部のほか、トリポリ南方約 800 キロのセブハも
含まれる。
●政治(内戦)
政府軍の砲撃続く 西部の港湾を奪還（毎日新聞 3 月 24 日）
【カイロ和田浩明】リビアの最高指導者カダフィ大佐の政府軍に対する空爆は２４日、
６日目に入り、首都トリポリ近郊などで米欧主導の多国籍軍が空爆やミサイル攻撃を継
続。ロイター通信によると、２３日夜以降に発射された巡航ミサイル「トマホーク」は
計１４発に上った。一連の攻撃で、北東部ベンガジ付近のリビア空軍基地をミサイルで
破壊。北西部ミスラタでも飛行中のリビア軍機を撃墜したが、リビア軍地上部隊の砲撃
で多数の住民が死傷、港湾施設が奪還された。現地からの報道によると、トリポリ東方
のタジュラで２４日未明に空爆が行われた。タジュラは原子炉などカダフィ政権が０３
年に放棄した核開発計画の関連施設があった場所とされる。政権側はトリポリ周辺への
攻撃で民間人施設が被害にあったと主張している。反体制派の拠点ベンガジの西方、ア
ジュダビアでも政府軍との戦闘が続いている。ミスラタでは２３日、多国籍軍が政府軍
の戦車などを攻撃。砲撃は一時止まったが夜間に再開された。市内の病院では戦闘のた
め医師や救命隊員が外出できない状況との情報もある。ロイター通信によると、政府軍
がミスラタの港湾を奪還した。
米ＣＮＮ（電子版）によると、カダフィ氏側近が米国やアラブ諸国と接触しているが、
現時点では反体制派や後ろ盾の欧米諸国が要求するカダフィ氏の退陣を受け入れる意
向は示していない。民間人保護を目的とした飛行禁止空域設定に関連した作戦は、アラ
ブ連盟（２２カ国・機構）も支持したが、これまでのところ航空機を提供したのはカタ
ールのみ。同国の戦闘機２機と輸送機１機がギリシャの米軍基地入りしたとみられるが、
作戦への参加はまだ確認されていない。
12
(関連記事)
・対リビア作戦、米から NATO に権限委譲へ（CNN.co.jp 3 月 25 日
北大西洋条約機構（NATO）のラスムセン事務総長は 24 日、リビア上空での飛行禁
止空域実施の指揮権について、「数日内に」NATO が米国から引き継ぐことで合意した
と明らかにした。NATO 情報筋によると、指揮権移譲は 27 日夜までに行われる見通し
だという。ラスムセン氏は CNN 記者に対し、NATO がリビア上空での飛行禁止空域を
指揮することになったと述べ、「我々は市民を守るための広範な国際的努力の一環とし
て行動する」「地域内のパートナーたちと緊密に協力し、彼らの貢献を歓迎するつもり
だ」と語った。ラスムセン氏はまた、NATO は国連安全保障理事会の対リビア決議で求
められているさまざまな対策の実行を検討しているとし、それにはカダフィ大佐の地上
部隊から市民を守ることも含まれると述べた。さらにラスムセン氏は、どの国が「既に
確立された指揮系統」を用いて当初の指揮権をとることになるか、軍当局が決定すると
語った。一方、クリントン米国務長官は同日、NATO 軍当局が国連の対リビア決議に基
づく市民保護作戦の拡大計画を作成することについて、NATO 加盟全 28 カ国が承認し
たと述べた。クリントン氏は 29 日にロンドンを訪れ、リビア問題に関する国際会議に
出席するという。クリントン氏はまた、リビア上空は多国籍軍の管理下にあり、人道支
援を必要とする人に支援が届き始めているとの認識を示した。米軍機の使用が減る一方
で非米軍機の使用が増えたとも主張。カダフィ大佐の部隊は多国籍軍に追いやられたも
のの、いまだに「人々の安全に深刻な脅威」をもたらしているとも語った。
(関連記事)
・Friday, 25 March, 2011: NATO has agreed to relieve the United States of responsibility for
enforcing the no-fly zone in Libya, a NATO official said today. The diplomatic movement came
on the same day that Libyan strongman Moammar Gadhafi challenged the no-fly zone only to
see one of his few remaining planes destroyed by a French jet. The official said that NATO
Secretary General Anders Fogh Rasmussen will shortly go into a meeting of the North Atlantic
Council where a formal consensus will be reached for NATO to assume the no-fly zone
responsibilities for Libya. After what is expected to be a brief meeting, Rasmussen will
announce the arrangement. [ABC News]
・Friday, 25 March, 2011: (Reuters) - Secretary of State Hillary Clinton will travel to London for
a meeting on Libya on Tuesday as operational command shifts from the United States to NATO
leadership, a U.S. official said on Thursday. The meeting, called by Britain and France, is
intended to create a contact group to provide political guidance for the international response to
the Libya crisis. Such a move could ease concerns among Arab and other countries about NATO
being in charge. NATO moved closer to agreement to take command of allied military
operations in Libya from the United States within days after lengthy wrangling with Muslim
NATO member Turkey. Turkish leaders questioned the motives behind Western intervention in
13
Libya, suggesting action was driven by oil and mineral wealth rather than a desire to protect
civilians from Muammar Gaddafi's forces. [Reuters]
●政治（内戦）
政権側と反政府勢力同席へ＝リビア問題で会合（時事通信 3 月 25 日）
国連の潘基文事務総長は 24 日、リビア情勢に関する安保理会合で演説し、エチオピ
アの首都アディスアベバで 25 日に、アフリカ連合（AU）主催の関係国会合が開かれ、
リビアのカダフィ政権と反政府勢力の代表者がそろって出席する予定だと明らかにし
た。停戦実現とリビア問題全般の解決策について協議する。安保理常任理事国 5 カ国の
代表のほか、リビア担当のハティーブ国連事務総長特使も参加する。潘事務総長は記者
団に対し、「既存の安保理決議に加え、国際社会にどのような行動が可能か議論する見
通しだ」と語った。潘事務総長はリビアの情勢について、「カダフィ政権が（速やかな
停戦など）安保理決議に基づく義務の履行措置を講じている形跡はない」と指摘。これ
までに 33 万人以上が国外に脱出したと述べ、人道面の懸念も強調した。
(関連記事)
Friday, 25 March, 2011: UNITED NATIONS (AP) — Representatives of Moammar Gadhafi's
government and the Libyan opposition will be among those attending an African Union meeting
in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, on Friday, U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon said Thursday. The
meeting is part of efforts to reach a cease-fire and political solution in Libya, Ban said. The U.N.
chief told the Security Council that his special envoy to Libya, former Jordanian foreign
minister Abdelilah Al-Khatib, as well as representatives of relevant countries and regional
organizations will also attend. Ban told the 15-member council that there is no evidence that
Libyan officials have instituted a cease-fire as they claim. [USA Today]
●政治(米ロ)
オバマ大統領がロシアのメドベージェフ大統領と電話で会談。ロシアが安保理決議(リ
ビアの飛行禁止区域設定)に協力してくれたことに関して謝意をつたえるた。
Friday, 25 March, 2011: President Barack Obama spoke with Russian President Dmitry
Medvedev about the military campaign in Libya and the unrest in the Middle East during a
telephone call this morning, according to a White House statement. Obama “expressed his
appreciation for Russia’s support for the implementation of United Nations Security Council
Resolution 1973 and subsequent positive statements that President Medvedev has made
regarding the resolution’s mandate,” the statement said, referring to the UN mandate for
imposition of a no-fly zone over Libya. The two leaders also discussed Russia’s progress toward
becoming part of the World Trade Organization this year, the White House said. Obama
reaffirmed U.S. support for Russia’s entry this year, and the two leaders talked about ways to
bolster trade relations between their nations. [Bloomberg]
14
●政治(国連)
バン・キ・ムン国連事務総長はリビアが国連の戦闘停止要請を無視していくことに懸念
を表明。
Friday, 25 March, 2011: UN chief Ban Ki-moon on Thursday told the Security Council that
Libyan government troops are disregarding a UN ceasefire order, despite heavy bombing of
Muammar Gaddafi's forces by an international coalition. "Libyan authorities have repeatedly
claimed they have instituted a ceasefire," Mr Ban said at UN headquarters in New York. "We
see no evidence that that is the case. On the contrary, fierce battles have continued." Reporting
to the council on implementation of a resolution authorising the use of force to end Mr
Gaddafi's onslaught against armed rebels, Mr Ban said the Libyan government had not "taken
steps to carry out their obligations". He also said that human rights abuses continued in Libya
and that "those responsible for crimes against their people will be held accountable". [Herald
Sun]
●エネルギー（その他）
西ヨーロッパでビジネスを展開しているリビアの Tamoil は国連安保理決議を受けて 24
日に欧州連合が明らかにして経済制裁措置のリストに入っておらず、引き続き稼動して
いる。
Friday, 25 March, 2011: LONDON—Libya's Tamoil Group has been told it isn't covered by
European Union sanctions against the North African nation and can operate independently
despite the measures, a Tamoil manager said Thursday. Tamoil, which operates refineries and
fuel stations throughout Western Europe, wasn't named on the list of sanctioned companies
announced Thursday by the European Union in application of a U.N. resolution. But there was
concern the measures could apply to it because of its Libyan ownership. But Peter Etman,
general manager of the company's Dutch unit, said "the ministry of finance told us we aren't
under sanctions. "The other countries [Tamoil subsidiaries] aren't under sanctions" either, he
said. [Wall Street Journal]
●政治(米国)
オバマ大統領がリビア空爆に踏み切った理由としては、17 年前（クリントン政権）に
ルワンダに軍事介入しなかったことへの後悔がある。1994 年当時ルワンダ政府は大量
の国民を虐殺した。
Friday, 25 March, 2011: One apparent reason President Obama decided to take action in Libya:
A lack of action 17 years ago in Rwanda. Some members of Obama's national security team also
worked for President Bill Clinton, who has said his biggest regret was not intervening in 1994
when the Rwandan government killed hundreds of thousands of people. Clinton said his wife,
Hillary Rodham Clinton -- then first lady, now secretary of State -- advocated intervention in
Rwanda. He is a prominent supporter of the Libya action. Susan Rice, Obama's United Nations
15
ambassador and a National Security Council staff member during the Clinton years has
expressed regret for Rwanda. [USA Today]
●政治（人質解放）
カダフィ政権側に拘束されていたジャーナリスト 3 名（Dave Clark と Roberto Schmidt
は Agence France-Presse 所属、Joe Raedle は Getty Images 所属）は解放された後の 23 日
チュニジアに到着。
Thursday, 24 March, 2011: RAS AJDIR, Tunisia (Agence France-Presse) — Three journalists
who were arrested in Libya last weekend by forces loyal to Col. Muammar el-Qaddafi arrived in
Tunisia on Wednesday after being released overnight. Dave Clark and Roberto Schmidt, who
work for Agence France-Presse, and Joe Raedle from Getty Images crossed the border at Ras
Ajdir shortly after noon and were driving to Tunis, the capital, about 370 miles to the north.
They were released early on Wednesday morning after an appeal by Agence France-Presse. The
journalists were arrested Saturday near the town of Ajdabiya in eastern Libya. [New York
Times]
●政治(内戦)
反政府組織代表は、欧州連合の支援部隊と連絡を蜜にして爆撃対象を絞ることを名言。
Thursday, 24 March, 2011: Leaders of the opposition national council in rebel-controlled
eastern Libya say they are making regular, secure contacts with allied military representatives in
Europe to help commanders identify targets for the U.S.-led air assault. The contacts, conducted
through the council's civilian representatives in France and elsewhere in Europe, are made by
secure satellite telephone connections, according to spokesmen for the rebel leadership in its
eastern base of Benghazi. "There is communication between the Provisional National Council
and U.N. assembled forces, and we work on letting them know what areas need to be
bombarded," spokesman Ahmed Khalifa said in an interview Wednesday. [Los Angeles Times]
(関連記事)
・Thursday, 24 March, 2011: BENGHAZI, Libya, March 23 (Reuters) - Libya's rebel national
council on Wednesday named a U.S.-based academic and exile opposition figure, Ali Tarhouni,
as the senior finance official in a transitional government it is setting up. He will head the
financial and commercial committee, in effect acting as finance minister in a body which the
rebels hope will win international recognition in their struggle against Muammar Gaddafi's 41
year-rule. Tarhouni, aged 60, left Libya for the United States in 1973 after being jailed by
Gaddafi for student political activities. He was stripped of his Libyan citizenship and sentenced
to death in absentia in 1978, he said. He holds a PhD in economics and finance from Michigan
State university and has been teaching at the Foster School of Business at the University of
Washington in Seattle while remaining active in the exile opposition. [Reuters]
・リビアのムサ・クサ外相がフェルトマン米国務省次官と電話会談。内容については明
16
らかにされていない。
Thursday, 24 March, 2011: Libyan Foreign Minister Musa Kusa spoke by telephone Sunday
night with assistant secretary of State Jeffrey Feltman, a senior State Department official
intimately involved with the Libyan crisis told Fox News. The call was initiated by Kusa, the
official said, adding that Feltman never reaches out to Kusa, but takes the foreign minister's
calls. A spokesman for the State Department, speaking in early March, had confirmed an earlier
call between Kusa and Feltman. The contents of Sunday night's conversation remain unknown,
but it constitutes the highest-level contact between the United States government and the
Qaddafi regime known to have occurred since hostilities commenced in the U.N.-backed
military campaign against the regime. [Fox News]
・英国政府はリビア空爆の目的を明確化。体制転換とカダフィ大佐排除。
Thursday, 24 March, 2011: LONDON: The U.K. government has confirmed its war aims in
Libya include regime change and the removal of Moammar Gadhafi from power. A U.K.
Foreign Office official told The Daily Star that the one of the aims of the U.K., as part of the
coalition of Western nations enforcing a no-fly zone over Libya, was to help establish a
government “that is not run by Gadhafi.” The official said: “Our aim is a unified Libya, under a
central government that is more open and democratic, not run by Gadhafi, which does not pose
external threats, either in the region or more broadly.” The comments are in stark contrast to
earlier statements from the U.K. government that the military action was “not about regime
change.” [Daily Star]
・NATO 偵察機が国連による武器禁輸措置の状況把握のためリビア沿岸を偵察飛行。
Thursday, 24 March, 2011: NATO warships started patrolling off Libya's coast yesterday to
enforce the UN arms embargo. Canada's Brigadier General Pierre St Amand said naval
operation Unified Protector "is now under way" with six vessels involved during the first day of
patrols. Nato had already received offers of up to 16 ships to patrol the Mediterranean off Libya,
he said. Notably Turkey, which has voiced reservations about the scale of the air strikes, agreed
to send five warships and a submarine to join the naval operation. Other nations offering vessels
are the United States, Britain, Romania, Italy, Canada, Spain and Greece. Nato spokeswoman
Oana Lungescu said the naval action was to "cut off the flow of arms and mercenaries".
[Scotsman]
●政治（リビア攻撃）
ロッキード・マーティン社の F-16 戦闘爆撃機はオランダの空軍基地から飛び立ち、リ
ビア政府軍に対して初の爆撃を行なった。
Thursday, 24 March, 2011: Lockheed Martin F-16s from the Royal Danish Air Force have for
the first time dropped weapons on Libya, the service has confirmed. A detachment of four
Danish F-16s touched down at Sigonella air base in Sicily on 19 March, two days after the UN
17
security council had passed resolution 1973 approving the introduction of measures against the
Libyan state, including the imposition of a no-fly zone. In an operational update released on 23
March, the Royal Danish Air Force said its aircraft have so far flown 12 sorties in support of the
US-led Operation "Odyssey Dawn". Eleven of these were dedicated to air-to-ground tasks, it
said, and confirmed that precision-guided bombs had been released. [Flight Global]
●政治（リビア空爆関連記事）
・リビア民間人保護のため対リビア空爆を国連安保理が承認して以来、米国の役割につ
いての議論が活発化。
Wednesday, 23 March, 2011: CNN) -- Since the U.N. Security Council authorized action
Thursday to protect civilians from the effects of Libya's civil war, a vigorous debate has erupted
over the U.S. role in the intervention. In CNN.com's Opinion section, writers raised questions
about the ultimate goal of the military operation and U.S. policy. CNN's Ed Henry describes
President Barack Obama's dilemma here. Here are links to the writer's op-eds and brief excerpts:
Gloria Borger: Obama and Libya: Tell us how this ends In theory, the Obama doctrine -- which
is clearly attempting to change the storyline of American military intervention in the Arab world
-- is a game-changer. [CNN]
・Wednesday, 23 March, 2011: Diplomats in Brussels are trying to overcome a messy and often
fractious start to establish a command structure for the Libyan operation that would meet Barack
Obama's demand to relieve Washington of operational control. Obama, who wants to avoid a
repeat of the US-led "shock and awe" tactics of the 2003 invasion of Iraq, has made clear that
Washington would command the campaign only in its early stages. A clear message was sent
across the Atlantic: Nato or a combination of its members with the support of Arab nations
would have to take command of the no-fly zone to show the world the US had no wish to
impose its will on a Muslim country. [Guardian]
・Wednesday, 23 March, 2011: A statement issued in Paris said that French President Nicolas
Sarkozy and President Barack Obama "agreed on the modalities of using the structures of the
NATO command to support the coalition." The statement says both leaders spoke on Tuesday.
Separately, British Prime Minister David Cameron's office said that he and Obama also agreed
that NATO should play a key role in commanding the military campaign in Libya. NATO
members, meeting Tuesday in Brussels, agreed to have the alliance use sea power to enforce a
U.N arms embargo on Libya. But the organizations members continued to debate the much
more difficult issue of whether the alliance would coordinate enforcement of a U.N. imposed
no-fly zone over Libya. [Fox News]
・サウジアラビアのサウド外相はロンドンでキャメロン首相と会談し、リビア空爆に関
する安保理決議を全面支持。
Wednesday, 23 March, 2011: (Reuters) - Saudi Foreign Minister Prince Saud at a meeting with
18
British Prime Minister David Cameron in London on Tuesday expressed strong support for the
aims of the U.N. resolution on Libya, Cameron's office said. "On Libya, the prime minister set
out the action we were taking in support of implementation of UNSCR 1973. Prince Saud
expressed strong support for the aims of UNSCR 1973 and the steps being taken by the
international community to enforce it," Downing Street said in a statement. [Reuters]
●政治（人権）
ニューヨークタイムズの女性写真家が同僚 3 名とともにカダフィ政権側に捕らわれて
性的嫌がらせや殺害の恐怖を味わったもよう。6 日間の監禁の後、在リビア・トルコ大
使館内に開放された。
Wednesday, 23 March, 2011: A war photographer for the New York Times, the only woman in a
group of four journalists captured in Libya last week, said that she was sexual assaulted and
threatened with death by Libyan soldiers while in captivity. Lynsey Addario and her colleagues
were released into the custody of the Turkish Embassy in Libya Monday, after a six-day ordeal.
The team was detained last Tuesday when pro-Gadhafi forces stopped their car at a checkpoint
near the war-torn city of Ajdabiya. The soldiers pulled them out of the car and the group tried to
make a run for it. The soldiers quickly caught them and considered shooting them, they told the
Times. But the soldiers instead chose to detain them after realizing they were Americans. [ABC
News]
●政治（リビア爆撃）
ベネズエラのチャベス大統領はリビア空爆を行なったオバマ大統領に対して、ノーベル
平和賞を汚す高位である、と非難。
Wednesday, 23 March, 2011: U.S. President Barack Obama’s intervention in Libya clashes with
his status as a Nobel Peace Prize winner, Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez said. “The
president of the United States is playing a sad role and meanwhile his government is already
involved in five wars and is now opening a new front of war and bombs,” Chavez said in
comments carried on state television. The U.S. and its allies bombed targets belonging to forces
loyal to Colonel Muammar Qaddafi for a third day after the United Nations Security Council
approved a resolution to enforce a no-fly zone over Libya. [Bloomberg]
(関連記事)
・フランス国民はリビア空爆を支持。空爆後初の世論調査の結果。
Wednesday, 23 March, 2011: PARIS, March 22 (Reuters) - A majority of French support the
Western military action in Libya, according to the first poll carried out in France since
operations started against Muammar Gaddafi's forces on Saturday. France has been
spearheading efforts to implement a U.N. resolution on Libya and was the first country to send
fighter jets over Libyan skies to halt the advance of Gaddafi's troops towards the rebel
stronghold of Benghazi in the east of the country. The survey conducted by pollster IFOP
19
showed 66 percent of those surveyed supported the intervention by the coalition in Libya and
there was no difference between left-wing or right-wing political streams. [Reuters]
・オランダは F-16 戦闘機 6 機、200 名の兵士などを NATO に提供。
Wednesday, 23 March, 2011: THE Netherlands will contribute six F-16 fighter jets, about 200
soldiers, a mine hunter ship and a tanker plane to NATO efforts to enforce a Libyan arms
embargo, Prime Minister Mark Rutte said today. US President Barack Obama will end his Latin
America tour ahead of schedule, returning to Washington a few hours early today to deal with
events in Libya. The White House announced the schedule change from El Salvador, Mr
Obama's final stop on his five-day trip. Much of the visit has been overshadowed by
developments in Libya, and Obama aides have juggled the president's schedule to make time for
briefings and conference calls with his national security team. [Heral Sun]
・Wednesday, 23 March, 2011: Harrier fighter bombers will take off from the USS Kearsarge,
the largest American ship deployed in the Mediterranean against forces loyal to Muammar
Gadaffi, and head for unspecified targets in Libya. "We will be flying tonight," said Rear
Admiral Peg Klein, the commander of thousands of sailors and marines serving with an
expeditionary strike group stationed off the North African coast, a key component of Operation
Odyssey Dawn. Col Gaddafi is still attacking civilians, in violation of a United Nations
resolution, American commanders said. "It's my judgement that despite our success, Gaddafi
and his forces are not yet complying to the UN resolution due to the continued aggressive
actions his forces have taken against the civilian population of Libya," said Admiral Samuel
Locklear aboard the USS Mount Whitney, the command and control ship for the strike group.
[Telegraph]
・Wednesday, 23 March, 2011: TRIPOLI, March 22 (Reuters) - Western missiles launched
overnight destroyed Soviet-made missile carriers at a Libyan navy facility in Tripoli, leaving
smouldering rubble and twisted metal, Libyan officials said on Tuesday. A Reuters reporter
taken to the facility by Libyan officials said the missiles appeared to have come through the roof
of the warehouse. The charred hulks of at least four missile trucks were visible with craters in
the floor where they had been parked. Fifteen hours after the air strike, smoke was still rising
above the site. "Yesterday, six missiles and one bomb from a warplane hit this facility," said
Captain Fathi al-Rabti, an officer at the facility in the east of Tripoli. "It was a massive
explosion." Officials said the navy base was evacuated before the air strike and no one was hurt.
[Reuters]
・ウクライナ政府は船舶、飛行機などをリビアに展開。自国民のリビアからの脱出や人
道支援目的。
Wednesday, 23 March, 2011: Kiev - Ukrainian marines, aircraft and a warship were preparing
for deployment to Libya on Tuesday to aid in the evacuation of Ukrainian nationals and to
20
provide humanitarian assistance, officials said. The forces could arrive in a week, officials said.
They provided no details about the nature or scope of their mission. The landing ship Kostiantyn
Olshansky was taking on board infantry and supplies in the Black Sea port Sevastopol, and a
pre-departure inspection of troops and equipment was scheduled for Tuesday afternoon, officials
at Ukraine's Ministry of Defence said. [M&C]
●政治(リビア空爆)
米国人の世論調査。10 人に 7 人は飛行禁止区域設定に賛成。しかし同数で地上部隊派
遣には反対。
Tuesday, 22 March, 2011: A new poll finds that seven in 10 Americans support the
establishment of a no-fly zone over Libya, but that an equal amount would oppose sending in
ground troops. The CNN/Opinion Research survey of 1,012 Americans was conducted from
Friday through Sunday, which means some were interviewed before the launch of Operation
Odyssey Dawn on Saturday. Support for the no-fly zone increased in the past week. An earlier
survey found that 56% would support such an operation, while 40% opposed it. The new survey
pegged support at 70%, with 27% opposed. When asked about directly attacking Libyan dictator
Moammar Kadafi's troops, support slips to 54%. And only 28% of respondents said they would
support sending in U.S. ground troops. [Los Angeles Times]
●政治（トルコと米国関係）
トルコはリビアにおける米国の権益の代理人となることを了承。
Tuesday, 22 March, 2011: Turkey says it has agreed to a U.S. request to represent American
interests in Libya. The Turkish embassy in Washington says that Turkey will act as an
intermediary while the U.S. embassy is closed. A State Department official confirmed the report,
but spoke on condition of anonymity because the agreement had not been officially signed. The
agreement comes as the U.S. and its allies are waging an air campaign against Moammar
Gadhafi's forces. On Monday, Libya released four New York Times journalists and handed them
to the Turkish ambassador in Tripoli. [Seattle Times]
●エネルギー（制裁措置）
ＥＵ各国、リビア国営石油への制裁で合意（ロイター3 月 24 日）
［ブリュッセル ２３日
ロイター］ 欧州連合（ＥＵ）加盟各国は２３日、国連安
全保障理事会の対リビア制裁決議に沿い、リビア国営石油（ＮＯＣ）に対し制裁を科す
ことで合意した。外交筋が明らかにした。反政府デモに対する武力弾圧を受け国連安全
保障理事会が採択した最高指導者カダフィ大佐や家族に対する資産凍結などの制裁決
議に沿い、ＥＵ各国はこれまでリビア中央銀行、及び総額７００億ドルの資産を持つ政
府系ファンドのリビア投資庁（ＬＩＡ）を含む３０を超える個人・機関に対する制裁を
科すことで合意。ただエネルギー部門に関しては、ドイツが制裁導入を主張したのに対
し、イタリアが反対していた。
21
ＥＵ加盟国は「国連のリストに新たに記載されたリビア国営石油とその子会社５社に
対し、資産凍結の範囲を拡大させる」との声明を発表した。子会社の具体的な社名は２
４日に公表される。反政府デモが起きる前のリビアの産油量は、世界１７位の日量１６
０万バレル。約８５％が欧州に輸出され、そのうち３分の１がイタリア向けだった。た
だ戦闘によりリビアの石油関連施設が操業を停止しているため、石油部門に対する制裁
の効果は限定的との見方も出ている。
(関連記事)
・Wednesday, 23 March, 2011: WASHINGTON (Dow Jones)--The U.S. on Tuesday identified
14 companies owned by the Libya's National Oil Corporation in another move taken to isolate
the regime of Moammar Gadhafi. The Treasury Department's Office of Foreign Assets Control
called the National Oil Corporation "the centerpiece of Libya's state-owned oil apparatus."
Adam Szubin, who directs the Office of Foreign Assets Control, said the National Oil
Corporation has been a primary funding source for Gadhafi. "All governments should block the
National Oil Corporation's assets and ensure that Gadhafi cannot use this network of companies
to support his activities," Szubin said. [Wall Street Journal]
●政治（リビア空爆）
カダフィ大佐、出国先模索？ ＝「奨励したい」と米国務長官（時事通信 3 月 23 日）
【ワシントン時事】クリントン米国務長官は 22 日、ABC テレビとのインタビューで、
リビアの最高指導者カダフィ大佐の側近らがアフリカや中東、欧州、北米などの各国に
連絡を取り、大佐の出国先を模索しているとの情報があることを明らかにした。
クリントン長官は「カダフィ大佐に近い人々が世界中の知り合いに『どうすればよい
か。どのように脱出すべきか。次は何が起こるのか』と尋ねていると聞いた」と述べた。
その上で、一部の動きはカダフィ政権による駆け引きとの見方を示しつつ、大佐が実
際に出国先を模索している可能性もあるとして、「それを奨励したい」と話した。
●政治（軍事攻撃）
リビアの飛行禁止区域、長期化なら 10 億ドル超のコストも（ロイター 3 月 23 日)
［ワシントン ２２日 ロイター］ リビア上空の飛行禁止区域の設定が数カ月に及ぶ
場合、米英仏などによる多国籍軍の軍事費は１０億ドル（約８０８億円）を超える可能
性があると、米アナリストが明らかにした。米シンクタンク、戦略予算評価センター（Ｃ
ＳＢＡ）のザック・クーパー氏は、リビア政権軍の防空施設を排除するための初期費用
は４億─８億ドルになると予想。飛行禁止区域のパトロール費用は１週間当たり３００
０万─１億ドルかかるとしている。また、米英軍がこれまでに使用した巡航ミサイル「ト
マホーク」の費用は約２億ドルに上ると述べた。
米軍は飛行禁止区域の設定にかかる費用について明確な数字は出していない。米国で
は２０１１年度の財政赤字が１兆４８００億ドルに上るとの見通しがある中、リビアで
の軍事費を支出できる余裕はないとの批判的な見方も議員や批評家から挙がっている。
22
英国のオズボーン財務相は、リビアでの軍事費は数億ポンドに上る見通しで、アフガニ
スタンでの軍事費を下回るとの見解を示した。しかし、軍事アナリストのフランシス・
ツサ氏はＢＢＣラジオ４に対し、リビアでの軍事費は政府の想定を超える可能性がある
と述べ、現時点の支出は航空機１機当たり約２０万ポンド（約２６５０万円）、ミサイ
ル１発当たり８０万ポンドに達していると指摘。飛行禁止区域が設定されれば、１日当
たり２００万─３００万ポンドの支出が見込まれるとの見方を明らかにした。
●政治(内戦)
リビア軍事介入４日目、戦況は長期化も（TBS 系（JNN）3 月 23 日）
反体制派が掌握する西部・ミスラータでは、カダフィ政権側が町を包囲して攻撃を続
けていて、ロイター通信によりますと、２１日だけで４０人が死亡しました。また、進
軍を開始した反体制派も装備に勝る政権側に東部のアジュダビヤで撃退され、足止め状
態となっています。こうした中、アメリカ軍のＦ１５戦闘機が２１日の夜、東部のベン
ガジ近郊で墜落しました。ただ、墜落の原因は「機器の不具合」と見られていて、多国
籍軍が制空権を維持している状況は変わっていません。多国籍軍は、２１日の夜も首
都・トリポリの港などに空からの攻撃を加えましたが、地上部隊は展開しない方針で、
戦況は長期化の様相を見せ始めています。
●政治（内戦）
リビア軍依然、市民攻撃＝親衛隊の動向監視―米軍高官（時事通信 3 月 23 日）
【ワシントン時事】対リビアの軍事作戦を調整する米海軍のロックリア大将（欧州・
アフリカ地域担当）は 22 日、電話回線を通じて国防総省で記者会見し、リビア軍が依
然、中部ミスラタで市民を攻撃していると述べた。最高指導者カダフィ大佐に対して、
「多国籍軍はあらゆる選択肢を検討している」と述べ、警告した。ロックリア大将は、
リビア軍はミスラタや東部の都市アジュダビアなどから完全に部隊を撤退させていな
いと指摘。また、カダフィ大佐の親衛隊で、精鋭の第 32 旅団は当初、首都トリポリ周
辺に配備されていたが、多国籍軍の攻撃を受けている都市に移動しており、注意深く監
視していると述べた。
(関連記事)
Tuesday, 22 March, 2011: Forces loyal to Gaddafi surrounded Misrata, the only big rebel
stronghold in western Libya, on Monday and Western forces prepared to switch from air strikes
to air patrols amid questions over whether coordination would be effective without a clear
NATO role. Juppe said while the United States was currently coordinating the interventions with
France and Britain, in the next few days, if the United States pulled back from the operation,
NATO would be ready to come in with support. "The Arab League does not want the operation
to be placed completely under NATO's responsibility," Juppe said. "It's a coalition of countries
that is leading the operation, so they are in political control of it, and Arab countries, North
American countries and European countries are participating in it," he said. [Reuters]
23
●政治(リビア空爆)
米国が「最初の空爆は効果大であった」とコメント。
Monday, 21 March, 2011: The U.S military said Sunday that the first airstrikes to enforce a
U.N.-authorized no-fly zone over Libya have been effective. A top military officer in
Washington told reporters that the United States and coalition forces would continue to target
Libyan military positions, but not the residence of leader Moammar Gadhafi. Navy Vice
Admiral William Gortney said the U.S.-led military operation to enforce the no-fly zone has
been successful. At a Pentagon news briefing, he said the air campaign had significantly
degraded Libya's air defense capability. Gortney said the allied coalition has also targeted
government forces near the eastern city of Benghazi. " If [Libyan government forces] are
moving and advancing onto the opposition forces in Libya, yes we will take them under attack,"
he said. [VOA News]
(関連記事)
カダフィ氏邸宅など攻撃、米軍「大きな効果」
リビアに対する軍事介入を開始した米英仏中心の多国籍軍は、２０日夜から２１日未明
にかけて、再度、反体制派を弾圧してきた最高指導者カダフィ氏の邸宅周辺の建造物
カダフィ派の防空施設などの拠点に対し、巡航ミサイル攻撃や空爆を行った。
ワシントンで記者会見した米軍統合参謀本部のビル・ゴートニー海軍中将は２０日、
作戦は「大きな効果を上げている」と述べ、初期攻撃の成功を強調。２波の攻撃で、カ
ダフィ派の防空能力は首都トリポリとカダフィ氏の出身地シルテ周辺に限られたとの
見方を示した。同中将は、多国籍軍が計１２４発の巡航ミサイルで攻撃したと発表した。
イタリア、ベルギー、ノルウェー、デンマークに加え、中東のカタールも多国籍軍に参
加し、航空機を派遣させたことも明らかにした。仏軍は戦力強化のため、空母「シャル
ル・ド・ゴール」を地中海に移動させている。攻撃を受け、リビア軍報道官は２０日、
同日午後９時（日本時間２１日午前４時）から、全部隊に戦闘停止の命令を出したと発
表したが、停止は確認できていない。
（2011 年 3 月 22 日 読売新聞）
(関連記事)
・Tuesday, 22 March, 2011: TRIPOLI, Libya, March 21 (UPI) -- A missile attack on Libyan
leader Moammar Gadhafi's compound in Tripoli by British forces was postponed due
international news crews nearby, Fox News said. British sources said British aircraft ready to
fire seven Storm Shadow missiles Sunday had to stand down when it was discovered crews
from CNN and other organizations were nearby, Fox News reported Monday. The U.S. network
said the journalists had been brought to the compound by Libya's Ministry of Information to
show them damage inflicted by initial attacks and to use them as human shields. The
postponement of the missile attack annoyed coalition members, Fox News reported. The New
24
York Times said the Libyan government released four of its journalists Monday, nearly a week
after they were detained. [UPI]
・Sunday, 20 March, 2011: (CNN) -- An international military coalition including France, the
United States and Great Britain attacked Libyan air-defense and other military targets Saturday
night in an operation that eventually will include enforcing a no-fly zone. Libyan rebels had
called on international action to help them stave off assaults by Libyan government forces on
their positions in Benghazi and other enclaves. The coalition's intervention in Libya's civil war
comes two days after the U.N. Security Council passed a resolution authorizing the use of force,
including a no-fly zone, to "protect civilians and civilian populated areas" from government
attack. Here is a look at how the situation got to this point, and what the major players are
saying and doing. [CNN]
・Tuesday, 22 March, 2011: TRIPOLI, Libya, March 21 (UPI) -- A missile attack on Libyan
leader Moammar Gadhafi's compound in Tripoli by British forces was postponed due
international news crews nearby, Fox News said. British sources said British aircraft ready to
fire seven Storm Shadow missiles Sunday had to stand down when it was discovered crews
from CNN and other organizations were nearby, Fox News reported Monday. The U.S. network
said the journalists had been brought to the compound by Libya's Ministry of Information to
show them damage inflicted by initial attacks and to use them as human shields. The
postponement of the missile attack annoyed coalition members, Fox News reported. The New
York Times said the Libyan government released four of its journalists Monday, nearly a week
after they were detained. [UPI]
・Tuesday, 22 March, 2011: New York, March 22 (DPA) The UN Security Council held a
closed-door meeting Monday on the situation in Libya as a coalition of countries implementing
the no-fly zone was being formed. The UN said countries that have officially announced their
participation in the no-fly zone include the US, France, Britain, Denmark, Canada, Italy and
Qatar. Other countries with the intention to contribute to the coalition could include Norway,
Spain and Belgium. The 15-nation council met at the request of Tripoli, which accused allied
forces of killing civilians during airstrikes that began Saturday and were aimed at Libyan
military installations. The meeting ended after 45 minutes without immediate reaction from
council members. [Sify]
・Tuesday, 22 March, 2011: A new poll finds that seven in 10 Americans support the
establishment of a no-fly zone over Libya, but that an equal amount would oppose sending in
ground troops. The CNN/Opinion Research survey of 1,012 Americans was conducted from
Friday through Sunday, which means some were interviewed before the launch of Operation
Odyssey Dawn on Saturday. Support for the no-fly zone increased in the past week. An earlier
survey found that 56% would support such an operation, while 40% opposed it. The new survey
25
pegged support at 70%, with 27% opposed. When asked about directly attacking Libyan dictator
Moammar Kadafi's troops, support slips to 54%. And only 28% of respondents said they would
support sending in U.S. ground troops. [Los Angeles Times]
●政治（リビア空爆に関する世論調査=英国）
リニア空爆賛成：33％、反対：43％、わからない：22％（ComRes/ITN による調査）
Tuesday, 22 March, 2011: LONDON, March 21 (Reuters) - Only one in three Britons agree with
the decision to take military action in Libya, a poll published on Monday showed. The
ComRes/ITN poll found that 43 percent disagreed with the action and 22 percent were unsure.
Just under half of those surveyed felt military action was an unnecessary risk for Britain to take.
Haunted by the experience of the recent Iraq war and continued losses in Afghanistan, Britons
told Reuters they were wary of getting dragged into another lengthy foreign conflict at a time of
belt-tightening at home. "We shouldn't be in there, we've got enough on our plate in
Afghanistan," said Neil Wozencroft, a 35-year-old pipe fitter. [Reuters]
(関連記事)
フランスは停戦を表明したリビアに圧力をかけ続ける。
Saturday, 19 March, 2011: (Reuters) - France kept up the pressure on Muammar Gaddafi on
Friday, saying it was ready to launch military intervention despite the Libyan leader's
government declaring a ceasefire in its attacks on rebel forces. President Nicolas Sarkozy's
government said it will host talks on Saturday between the European Council president, Arab
League officials and senior representatives of all states wanting to support a U.N.-mandated
intervention in Libya. French Foreign Minister Alain Juppe told Reuters television after meeting
the prime minister and members of parliament that everything was ready for strikes but declined
to give details. "We are ready but I cannot give you more precise details of the calendar at this
stage," he said. [Reuters]
(関連記事)
Saturday, 19 March, 2011: Brussels - France is to host representatives of the European Union,
United Nations and the African Union in Paris on Saturday to discuss the Libyan crisis, EU
foreign policy chief Catherine Ashton said Friday. 'Tonight, I will travel to Paris where I will
meet tomorrow, we hope, with Ban Ki-moon, certainly with Amr Moussa of the Arab League
and Jean Ping of the African Union,' Ashton told a news conference in Brussels, adding that
French President Nicolas Sarkozy would host the meeting. In Berlin, German Chancellor
Angela Merkel said Sarkozy had also invited leaders from Britain, Italy, Spain, Portugal,
Denmark and Belgium, as well as foreign ministers from the United Arab Emirates and Saudi
Arabia. [M&C]
●政治(リビア空爆)
米国国防省のゲーツ国防長官はリビアでの軍事活動のイニシアチブを英仏または
26
NATO 軍に移管する考えを示した。
Monday, 21 March, 2011: The Pentagon expects to hand over control of allied military
operations in Libya "in a matter of days", US Defense Secretary Robert Gates said. Control
would likely go to either to a UK-France coalition or to Nato, Gates said, speaking on a US
military plane en route to Russia. "I think this is basically going to have to be resolved by the
Libyans themselves," he said. "Whether or not there is additional outside help for the rebels I
think remains to be seen." British, French and American jets bombed strategic targets across
Libya on Sunday to enforce a no-fly zone over the country meant to stop leader Muammar
Gaddafi's forces from killing civilians . The three governments issued statements confirming the
attacks had continued on Sunday, the second day of operations over Libya. [LB Times]
●政治(リビア空爆)
中国はリビア空爆に対して遺憾表明。
Monday, 21 March, 2011: BEIJING—China "expressed regret" over the use of military force in
Libya even as it decided last week not to block authorization of the strikes at the United Nations
Security Council. China's rare acquiescence moved it further away from its longstanding foreign
policy based on non-intervention. "The Chinese side has always opposed the use of military
force in international relations," a government statement said after military strikes against Libya.
The attacks are part of a European-led effort to establish a no-fly zone over the country and
shake support for Libyan strongman Col. Moammar Gadhafi. Analysts said the government's
decision Thursday not to veto a Security Council resolution to approve the use of force in Libya
reflects changes in Beijing's diplomatic strategy as its global interests become more extensive
and complex. [Wall Street Journal]
(関連記事)
・Monday, 21 March, 2011: (Reuters) - The top U.S. military officer on Sunday said aircraft
from Qatar were moving into position near Libya to participate in the Western military
operation that has effectively established a no-fly zone. "There are forces, airplanes in particular
from Qatar, that are moving into position as we speak, into theater. There are other countries
who have committed, although I'd rather have them publicly announce that commitment," he
said in an interview with CBS' "Face the Nation" program. [Reuters]
●政治(リビア空爆)
ロシアは 20 日、欧米のリビアへの無差別攻撃を停止するよう要請。
Monday, 21 March, 2011: MOSCOW, March 20 (UPI) -- Russia Sunday called on U.S. and
European forces to stop the "indiscriminate" attack on Libya. "The reports say that during air
raids on Libya strikes were also delivered on non-military facilities. ... As a result, 48 civilians
are reported dead and over 150 wounded," the Foreign Ministry said in a statement carried by
the RIA Novosti news agency. "In this connection, we are calling on the respective states to halt
27
the indiscriminate use of force," the Kremlin said. Russia abstained during the vote on the U.N.
Security Council resolution that authorized a no-fly zone and "all necessary measures" against
Moammar Gadhafi's forces. [UPI]
(関連記事)
ドイツはリビア空爆に参加しないことを表明。
Monday, 21 March, 2011: The German foreign minister has defended Berlin's decision not to
take part in the Western invasion of Libya, warning of a protracted conflict in turmoil-hit
country. "It is not because we have some sort of lingering soft spot for [Libyan ruler Muammar]
Gaddafi's system that we decided not to send German troops to Libya, but because we also have
to see the risks of a lengthy mission," AFP quoted Guido Westerwelle as saying on Sunday. He
made the remarks as Western countries, including the US, Britain, France, Denmark, Norway,
and Canada have attacked Libya, saying that the invasion is part of a UN-mandated resolution
to put into effect a no-fly zone over the North African country. [Press TV]
(リビア空爆関連記事)
・Sunday, 20 March, 2011: David Cameron ordered British forces into action against Libya in
“Operation Ellamy”, saying the bombardment was “necessary, legal and right”. Explosions were
reported at an airport east of Tripoli as a British Trafalgar Class submarine and US Navy ships
and submarines stationed off Libya fired 110 Tomahawk missiles at 20 targets in what one
source described as a “night of carnage”. The missiles targeted Libyan command and control
centres, radar installations and surface-to-air missile sites. Libyan officials said the attacks were
“barbaric” and causing civilian casualties. British Tornado GR4 jets from RAF Marham were
poised to attack more sites with Storm Shadow missiles, which can be fired from 200 miles
from their target. [Telegraph]
●政治（リビア空爆）
カダフィ大佐が人間の盾を前に深夜の演説。
Sunday, 20 March, 2011: Reporting from Tripoli, Libya— It was to be a human shield, a
massive gathering of Moammar Kadafi's supporters at his Bab Azizia compound, and the
Libyan leader was to give a late-night speech of defiance against the international forces arrayed
against him. They would stand by their beloved Brother Leader at the same compound
destroyed by President Reagan's airstrikes in 1986. Even if the bombs came sailing down. Even
if the entire place went up in flames. "I'm here to support Moammar Kadafi and to oppose the
threats of the West," said Ghazal Muftah, a 52-year-old grandmother in a camouflage army
jacket and hijab, or head scarf, among about 400 or so gathered around the ruler's vast and
well-protected residence. [Los Angeles Times]
・Sunday, 20 March, 2011: TRIPOLI: Western forces carried out air and missile strikes on
Libyan leader Muammer Gaddafi's hometown of Sirte on Saturday, the state-run news agency
28
Jana said. "Air bombardment and missile attacks have struck several civilian targets in Zuwarah,
Tripoli, Sirte and Benghazi," in raids along the coast stretching from western to eastern Libya,
an armed forces spokesman said, quoted by Jana. Western powers on Saturday launched attacks
from the air and sea against Gaddafi's forces under a UN Security Council resolution to impose
a ceasefire in a month-long showdown between loyalists and rebels. Gaddafi was reputedly born
in a Bedouin tent in Sirte, a Mediterranean city 360 kilometres (225 miles) east of Tripoli.
[Times of India]
(関連記事)
・オーストラリアのギラード首相がリビア空爆を支持
Sunday, 20 March, 2011: Australia's prime minister Julia Gillard has backed the military
intervention in Libya, saying it's consistent with the UN Security Council resolution. "I believe
the resolution has got breadth in terms of what the international community can do. "But I
believe the Security Council would meet and deliberate again if there was a question of ground
forces," she said. Australia's foreign minister Kevin Rudd says he has spoken to his British
counterpart about the situation in Libya. Mr Rudd says it's a difficult and complex military
operation. [Radio Australia News]
・リビアが多国籍軍によるリビア空爆を受けて緊急安保理開催を要請。
Sunday, 20 March, 2011: TRIPOLI, March 20 (Xinhua) -- Libya called for an emergency
meeting of the United Nations Security Council on Saturday night after a coalition of Western
countries launched airstrikes on its military forces, Al-Arabiya TV reported. The U.N. Security
Council has passed a resolution imposing a no- fly zone over Libya and allowing the use of "all
necessary measures" to protect civilians in the North African country. In the letters sent to the
U.N. Secretary General Ban Ki-moon, French President Nicolas Sarkozy, British Prime Minister
David Cameron and U.S. President Barak Obama on Saturday, Libyan leader Muammar
Gaddafi said that according to the Charter of the United Nations, the U.N. Security Council is
not authorized to intervene in Libya's internal affairs. [Xinhuanet]
・ロシア政府は対リビア空爆に対して遺憾の意を表明。
Sunday, 20 March, 2011: Moscow regrets the attack from a range of European countries on
Libya which is being conducted "with reference to the hastily adopted UN Security Council
resolution," official spokesman for the Russian Foreign Ministry Alexander Lukashevich said
on Saturday. The new UN Security Council resolution on Libya was adopted on Thursday; it
encompasses a no-fly zone and "all necessary measures" against forces loyal to Libya's
strongman Muammar Gaddafi. Paris has taken the leading role in coordinating the world's
response to the tumult in Libya and takes efforts to halt Gaddafi's attacks on the poorly armed
rebel forces. [Rian]
・Sunday, 20 March, 2011: The attack on Libya on Saturday night was only the first stage of an
29
operation that will see the might of Britain, the United States and France pitted against the
Libyan regime. The Pentagon said that 110 Tomahawk Land Attack Missiles (TLAM) fired by
British and US forces were supported by a French air strike on tanks and armoured vehicles in
what has been described as the “kinetic” phase of the operation – bombing to take out Libya’s
anti-aircraft defences. Further attacks by British Tornado GR4 ground attack aircraft, based at
RAF Marham in Norfolk, were expected over the night. RAF Marham is home to 9 and 31
Squadrons, which are equipped with air-launched anti-radiation missiles, which home in on the
radiation emitted by enemy radar, and Storm Shadow missiles, used to target command and
control bunkers and radar stations. [Telegraph]
・Saturday, 19 March, 2011: Washington - US President Barack Obama on Friday ordered Col.
Muammar el-Gaddafi to carry out an immediate cease-fire, withdraw his forces from rebel-held
cities and stop all attacks on Libyan civilians or face military action from the United States and
its allies in Europe and the Arab world. "Let me be clear, these terms are not negotiable," Mr.
Obama said from the East Room of the White House. Those terms, particularly lifting the siege
of opposition-held territories, would give the rebels a reprieve, if not a military advantage.
Libya had pledged a cease-fire hours before. But reports from rebel-held territory indicated that
the attacks by Gaddafi militias continued unabated in the east and west. [NDTV]
●政治(リビア空爆)
NATO はリビアへの軍事介入計画策定を迅速化。
Saturday, 19 March, 2011: NATO allies have agreed to speed up planning for possible military
action in Libya, but the alliance has yet to decide whether to intervene in the conflict, a NATO
official says. The decision was made on Friday by ambassadors of the 28-nation alliance after
the UN Security Council approved military action, including the enforcement of a no-fly zone,
to stop Muammar Gaddafi's regime from crushing rebels. "The ambassadors agreed to
accelerate the military planning," a NATO official said on condition of anonymity, adding that
envoys will meet again in the coming days to try to complete the process. Advertisement: Story
continues below "The issue of concrete action is not on the table yet," the official added. [SMH]
●政治(リビア空爆)
カタールが国連安保理決議を支持。
Saturday, 19 March, 2011: The State of Qatar has welcomed the resolution No 1973 for 2011 of
the UN Security Council, issued on Thursday on the Libya situation. This was disclosed to
Qatar News Agency by a source at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The source said the State of
Qatar, according to the resolution, had decided to take part in the international efforts aiming to
stop the bloodshed and protect the civilians in Libya. The source confirmed that the State of
Qatar respected the choices of the Libyan people and its legitimate right to a peaceful living.
The source reiterated that Qatar was looking forward to seeing a prompt implementation of the
30
UN Security Council resolution so as to put an immediate end to bloodshed in Libya and bring
about stability and security for the brotherly Libyan people. [Gulf Times]
●政治(リビア空爆)
カダフィ大佐の停戦表明に西側は満足せず。
Saturday, 19 March, 2011: Muammar Gaddafi's ceasefire offer will not satisfy western leaders
queuing up to take a shot at him – but it's unclear what will. When the US and its allies invaded
Iraq in 2003 the aim was to overthrow Saddam Hussein. When Nato entered Kosovo in 1999 its
purpose was to stop ethnic cleansing by Slobodan Milosevic's army. The precise objectives of
the Libyan war 2011, and how they will be achieved, are less well-defined – and therefore,
potentially problematic. The ceasefire hastily announced by Libyan foreign minister Moussa
Koussa in the wake of UN resolution 1973 authorising foreign military intervention will be seen
as a welcome first step. Except that regime forces bombarding Misrata and other cities appeared
not to hear the news. Given Tripoli's talent for lies, the enforcement, verification, and
permanence of a ceasefire could be a vexed and lengthy matter. It will not happen overnight.
[Guardian]
●政治（米国）
米軍、リビア情勢で側面支援を模索
戦線拡大に懸念強まる(産経ニュース 2011.3.20)
オバマ米政権は１９日、リビアの最高指導者カダフィ大佐に軍事行動を突きつけて即時
停戦を迫った。英仏などと歩調を合わせ、地中海に配置する米海軍艦船からのミサイル
攻撃などを準備している。米軍はアフガニスタンやイラクでの戦争に加え、東日本大震
災でも原子力空母を展開。国防総省を中心に戦線拡大への懸念が強まっており、当面は
側面支援に徹するとみられる。国防総省によると、米軍はリビアに近い地中海にミサイ
ル駆逐艦など５隻に加え巡航ミサイルのトマホークを搭載した潜水艦を展開、イタリ
ア・シチリア島には戦闘機Ｆ１５、Ｆ１６を配備している。米紙ニューヨーク・タイム
ズは政府高官の話として、米軍の関与を初期段階でのリビアの防空施設破壊に限定し、
艦船によるミサイル攻撃などを計画していると伝えている。オバマ大統領は最前線への
兵力投入を極力控える方針で、無人機による偵察任務や軍用機によるリビア空軍の通信
妨害の実施を検討している。オバマ大統領は１８日に発表した声明で、カダフィ大佐に
即時停戦を要求し、拒否すれば「軍事行動を実施する」と警告。一方で、軍事作戦は英
仏やアラブ諸国が主導することを強調、「米国がリビアに地上部隊を展開することはな
い」と述べ、リビア国民の保護目的を超えた軍事作戦を明確に否定した。オバマ政権が
軍事行動の主導権を英仏などに委ねる背景には、拡大を続ける部隊の展開状況がある。
撤退開始を目前に控えるアフガンでの軍事作戦や今年末まで続くイラクでの米軍駐留、
さらに東日本大震災の緊急支援が加わったからだ。リビア情勢の悪化に備えて紅海で待
機させていた空母エンタープライズは、アフガン支援のためアラビア海に再配置済み。
震災支援では空母「ロナルド・レーガン」など２０隻が日本近海に投入されている。オ
31
バマ政権内では「イスラム社会の反米感情を抑えるためにも側面支援に徹すべきだ」と
の見解が主流となっており、米国民の理解を得るため、戦費拡大と米兵の犠牲を最小限
に抑える必要性も指摘されている。ホワイトハウスが１８日に開いた米議会議員への説
明に参加したバーマン下院議員（民主）は、軍事行動は「アラブや欧州諸国が先導し、
米軍は支援任務を担う」との見通しを示した。
●政治(内戦)
新華社通信によると、リビアは飛行禁止区域設定に関する国連安保理の決議を前向きに受け入れ
るはずである、とのリビア副大臣の発言を報道。
Friday, 18 March, 2011: TRIPOLI, March 18 (Bernama) -- Libya will positively respond to the
newly adopted United Nations Security Council resolution that okays a no-fly zone over Libya,
Xinhua news agency reported quoting Deputy Foreign Minister Khaled Kaim as saying Friday.
In a statement issued in the early hours of Friday, Kaim said Libya will protect civilians in
regions across the country, and ensure the supply of food and medicines. The UN Security
Council on Thursday adopted a resolution to authorise a no-fly zone over Libya and called for
"all necessary measures," excluding troops on the ground, to protect civilians under threat of
attack in the North African country. [Bernama]
●経済（貿易）
リビアはフランスとの貿易を完全停止。
Friday, 18 March, 2011: PARIS, March 17 (Reuters) - A major French grain exporter said on
Thursday trade with Libya had completely stopped despite the country's need to purchase food
commodities. Loic Desselas, head of trading at Soufflet, a French grain trading company which
counts Libya as a client, said that France's harsh political stance could hurt future exports if
Muammar Gaddafi stays in power. Oil-rich Libya imports large quantities of grain. A French
political source said on Thursday France believed it could muster enough support for the U.N.
Security Council to pass a resolution on Libya and that military intervention could take place
within hours of that. [ID:nPISHEE77C] "I don't know what will happen, but it is possible that
this market will close (for France) for political reasons," Desselas said at a conference organised
by grain lobby France Export Cereales. [Reuters]
●政治（欧州）
即時の軍事力行使を＝リビア安保理決議採択―仏首相（時事通信 3 月 18 日）
フィヨン仏首相は 17 日、対リビア軍事力行使を事実上容認する国連安保理決議の採
択に先立ち、仏テレビで、決議が採択されれば即時の軍事行動を望むとの考えを示した。
AFP 通信によると、同首相は「ここ数日間、安保理決議採択を目指し働き掛けてきたの
はフランスだ」と強調した。サルコジ仏大統領は 11 日の欧州連合（EU）緊急首脳会議
で、国連の承認とアラブ連盟やリビア反政府勢力の同意を前提に、首都トリポリのカダ
フィ政権側司令部などを標的に「限定的空爆」を実施すべきだと主張している。
32
(関連記事)
・Friday, 18 March, 2011: Downing Street have cautioned against earlier suggestions that British
planes could be in action "within hours" and declined to put a timetable on it. The UN resolution
rules out a foreign occupation force in any part of Libya. The cabinet will meet on Friday and
Prime Minister David Cameron will make a statement to the Commons, No 10 said. Foreign
Secretary William Hague said the resolution authorised a no-fly zone over Libya and "all
necessary measures" to protect the civilian population - including those in the rebel stronghold
of Benghazi. It also called for an immediate ceasefire, an end to the violence, measures to make
it more difficult to bring foreign mercenaries into Libya and a tightening of sanctions. [BBC]
●政治(内戦)
カダフィ氏、飛行禁止区域設定なら「航空機・船舶を攻撃」（産経新聞 3 月 18 日）
【カイロ＝大内清】リビアの最高指導者カダフィ大佐の軍報道官は１７日夕、国営Ｊ
ＡＮＡ通信を通じ、国際社会が同国上空に飛行禁止区域を設定するなどの干渉に乗り出
した場合、「地中海を飛行、航行する航空機や船舶すべてが攻撃の対象となる」と警告
した。一方、カダフィ氏側は同日、北東部ベンガジを拠点とする反体制派に対し投降を
促すためとして２０日から軍事行動を停止すると表明した。
●政治（内戦）
安保理がリビアへの軍事行動講師を承認。
Friday, 18 March, 2011: Security council authorizes military action against Qaddafi. The
measure also calls on nations to intercept ships or planes suspected of carrying arms or
mercenaries to Libya, and freezes the foreign assets of seven government officials and five
entities. The list includes the Central Bank of Libya, Libyan National Oil Corp., the nation's
defense minister and three of Qaddafi's sons. Chinese and Russian envoys said they were
concerned that the resolution could lead to a wider war and that questions about implementation
of the no-fly zone weren't answered to their satisfaction. "China is always against the use of
force in international relations," said Chinese Ambassador Li Baodong. [SF Gate]
(関連記事)
・Friday, 18 March, 2011: David Cameron is experiencing one of his most significant moments
since becoming prime minister last May. The vote at the United Nations to take "all necessary
measures" to protect civilians in Libya, allowing a no-fly zone, is little short of a personal
triumph. It may well define his approach to foreign policy for the rest of his premiership. It is
only a few weeks since Cameron was mocked for being isolated on the world stage as he
demanded tough action against Muammar Gaddafi. Some unkind souls even had the cheek to
suggest that his support for a no-fly zone showed that the prime minister had a James Bond
view of foreign policy on the grounds that he thought Britain could project military power with
little help. [Guardian]
33
・安保理がリビアの飛行禁止区域を承認、数時間以内に軍事行動も（ロイター3 月 18 日）
国連安全保障理事会は１７日、リビア上空への飛行禁止区域設定を承認し、市民を守
るために「あらゆる必要な措置」を講じると表明した。一方、リビアではカダフィ政権
側が優勢に戦いを進め、反政府派が拠点としている東部の主要都市ベンガシから約１０
０キロの地点に迫り、ベンガジに大規模な攻撃を仕掛ける構えを見せている。国連安保
理は、軍事行動を含む「あらゆる必要な措置」を通じ、政府軍の攻撃から市民を守る決
意を示した。しかし、時間が足りないとの懸念が広がっている。
フランスの外交筋によると、軍事行動は数時間以内に開始され、フランスと英国に加
え、恐らく米国とアラブの１カ国が参加すると明らかにした。しかし、米国の軍当局者
は、米国がただちに軍事行動に加わることはないとしている。国連安保理の採決では、
フランス、英国、レバノン、米国が共同提出した決議案に対し、理事会を構成する１５
カ国のうち１０カ国が賛成。ロシア、中国、ドイツなど５カ国は棄権した。
・Friday, 18 March, 2011: The French Defence Minister has confirmed that military action
against the Ghaddafi regime can start only hours after the UN Security Council approves of it.
Defence Minister Alain Juppé today said France was ready for immediate strikes against the
Ghaddafi regime as soon as the UN Security Council gives its much awaited approval. The
Council is to vote over a no-fly zone and possible military action against the Ghaddafi regime
this night, with most observers expecting an approval. French diplomatic sources today
confirmed this to the news agency 'AFP', saying military actions "could start only hours after the
resolution is approved of." [AFROL]
●政治(内戦)
ベンガジに「最後通告」…政府軍が攻勢（毎日新聞 3 月 17 日)
リビア政府軍は１６日夜、北東部の反体制派本拠地ベンガジの住民に対し、同日中に
反体制派支配地域や武器庫の所在地から離れるよう最後通告を行った。国営テレビが伝
えた。ベンガジ攻略に向け攻勢を強めるカダフィ政権が、反体制派支持者の切り崩しを
図ったものとみられる。政府軍は国営テレビのテロップで、軍部隊が「武装ギャング（反
体制派）を追い出すため」ベンガジ入りすると伝えた。これに先立ち、最高権力者カダ
フィ大佐の次男セイフ・アルイスラム氏は欧州のニュース専門局ユーロニュースで、
「４
８時間以内にすべてが終わる」と述べた。政府軍は、空軍力や豊富な重火器で反体制側
を圧倒。ロイター通信によると、この１週間で東部戦線を１６０キロ以上も押し戻し、
ベンガジへ迫りつつある。欧米による飛行禁止空域設定の見通しがつかないことなどか
ら、反体制派側には動揺する者も出始めている。
(関連記事)
・Friday, 18 March, 2011: Shortly before midnight, the streets of Libya's de facto rebel capital,
Benghazi, were quiet, nearly deserted. A few minutes after midnight, tracer bullets and
celebratory machine-gun fire were racing into the air from every direction and residents piled
34
into their cars for a massive street party. In between, the United Nations Security Council voted
by 10-0 to not only impose a no-fly zone over eastern Libya but to allow for “all necessary
measures” short of an occupation to protect the country’s civilians from Col. Muammar Qaddafi,
the dictator who’s ruled Libya for nearly 42 years. It had been a grim week for a revolution that
began as a peaceful uprising against a despot on Feb. 17, with this city and many others wrested
from Mr. Qaddafi’s grasp by young people armed with little more than stones and a fierce will
for change. [Christian Science Monitor]
・Saturday, 5 March, 2011: Moammar Gadhafi's regime struck back at its opponents with a
powerful attack Friday on the closest opposition-held city to Tripoli and a barrage of tear gas
and live ammunition to smother new protests in the capital. At least 37 people died in fighting
and in an explosion at an ammunitions depot in Libya's rebellious east. The bloodshed signaled
an escalation in efforts by both sides to break the deadlock that has gripped Libya's 18-day
upheaval, which has lasted longer than the Egyptian revolt that led to the ouster of President
Hosni Mubarak and inspired a wave of protests across the region. So far, Gadhafi has had little
success in taking back territory, with several rebel cities repelling assaults and the entire eastern
half of the country under rebel control. But the opposition forces have seemed unable to go on
the offensive to march on pro-Gadhafi areas. [ABC]
●エネルギー（石油）
Eni は対リビア制裁を解除するように欧州諸国に要請。同社は南欧州向けの石油・天然
ガスを生産しており、欧州のエネルギー安全保障上得策ではないことを訴えている。
Thursday, 17 March, 2011: (Reuters) - Italy's Eni called on Europe to abandon sanctions against Libya,
becoming the first Western firm to try to rebuild bridges as Muammar Gaddafi is regaining control and
may reopen the oil taps. While other firms declined to comment on their return to Libya, analysts said
they believed sanctions would remain in place to isolate Libya from big companies for months to come,
making it a playground for smuggling by little-known traders. "Whatever happens, imposing sanctions is
shooting ourselves in the foot because by not taking this gas, we are not ensuring our energy security,"
said Eni's chief Paolo Scaroni, whose company produces both oil and gas in Libya, much of which is
exported to southern Europe. [Reuters]
●政治（国連）
英国のキャメロン首相は国連が対リビアでリーダーシップを取り、飛行禁止区域設定を
設定すべきことを強調。
Thursday, 17 March, 2011: Cameron calls for 'leadership' on Libya David Cameron urged the
UN on Wednesday to “show some leadership”’ on Libya, calling on the UN Security Council to
back a no-fly zone that would try to contain Muammer Gaddafi’s assault on rebels seeking to
overthrow him. As France and Britain led efforts to secure a new UN Security Council
resolution on Libya today, Mr Cameron conceded there was “a wide range of views” within the
35
body over how to proceed against Col Gaddafi. But the prime minister told MPs that he was
urging Security Council members “to take the right steps, so that, actually, we show some
leadership on this issue and make sure that we get rid of this regime”. [Financial Times]
●政治（欧州）
サイフ氏はリビア政権側に対して異を唱えているフランスのサルコジ大統領に対して、
大統領選挙キャンペーン中にリビアが提供した財政支援額を返すように求めた。フラン
スは政権側に対して軍事行動の可能性も示唆している。
Thursday, 17 March, 2011: The son of Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi says Libya helped finance the
campaign of French President Nicolas Sarkozy and now wants the money back. Saif al-Islam Gadhafi has
told France-based Euronews television that Libyan funds were poured into Sarkozy's 2007 campaign so
France could help the Libyan people. But he said Sarkozy has disappointed them. Gadhafi said Libya has
documentary evidence of the contributions and is ready to reveal everything. The French president has led
the call for a military intervention in Libya, where fighting has broken out between Gadhafi supporters
and rebels calling for the end of his four-decade regime. [VOA News]
Thursday, 17 March, 2011: Opting instead for a summit on Libya between the European Union, the
African Union, and the Arab League, Italian Foreign Minister Franco Frattini ruled out Italian military
intervention. In a setback for English and French strategists, who have been working to gain European
Union consensus on military intervention against Colonel Gaddafi in Libya, Italy has publicly announced
its intention not to commit military assets to the conflict in Libya. According to a report in the Jerusalem
Post, Italian Foreign Minister Franco Frattini expressed his interest in seeing a Libyan summit - convened
by European Union, African Union, and Arab League representatives. [Digital Journal]
●政治（内戦）
反体制派はもし飛行禁止区域設定が決定されなければ、米国や他の国際社会に失望するとのコメ
ントを発表。
Thursday, 17 March, 2011: A Libyan opposition member says those opposed by Moammar Gadhafi will
be disappointed with the United States and the rest of the international community if they fail to impose a
no-fly zone over Libya. Ali Tarhouni, member of the Economic and Oil Committee of the Provincial
Council running the liberated areas of Libya, says the days of the Libyan leader are numbered and the
people will remember those who supported them in their time of need. “I think it is actually a shame that
the Western world, particularly the United States, that advocates for democracy [and] human rights, and
now we see more of a cowardly position. The Libyan people are not asking for much. All they are asking
for is for no-fly zone,” he said. [VOA News]
(関連記事)
Thursday, 17 March, 2011: OTTAWA — The UN Security Council is the proper place to decide on action
against Libya, Canada said Tuesday as G8 countries refused to support a no-fly zone proposed by France
and Britain. "It's clear that there is a need to provide a response through the UN Security Council, a
36
response that will be effective diplomatically, involving the Arab League and other partners," Foreign
Affairs Minister Lawrence Cannon said as G8 foreign ministers wrapped a two-day meeting in Paris. The
carnage in Libya dominated the two days of discussion, but host France was unable to marshal support for
the no-fly proposal. Along with Britain, France proposed the intervention to halt the advance of
Moammar Gadhafi's forces, which are winning back territory with tanks, warships and artillery from
badly-outgunned rebel forces. [CTV]
●政治（内戦）
飛行禁止区域設定に関する提案が国連安保理事会に提出された。
Wednesday, 16 March, 2011: A proposal to establish a no-fly zone over Libya has been
introduced to the U.N. Security Council, though both its chance of passage and effectiveness
even if it does pass are very much in doubt. The resolution would provide political and legal
authorization for the establishment of a no-fly zone over Libya, strengthen existing economic
sanctions -- including a more robust enforcement of an arms embargo -- and expand a list of
individuals, organizations and companies that are subject to travel bans and to the freezing of
assets from Libya. The draft also calls for a ban on the use of commercial flights to transport
mercenaries into the country and other means to end the involvement of foreign fighters. [Fox
News]
(関連記事)
Thursday, 17 March, 2011: UNITED NATIONS -- Ibrahim Dabbashi, Libya's deputy envoy to the U.N.
who has turned against Moammar Gadhafi, said today the U.N. Security Council had 10 hours to pass a
resolution imposing a no-fly zone in Libya and possibly authorizing airstrikes. "We think Col. Gadhafi
today has lost his mind," Dabbashi told journalists, explaining that Gadhafi's forces had instructions to
"destroy everything and kill whoever you find" in the eastern city of Ajdabiya. "We think that in the
coming hours we will see real genocide in Ajdabiya," he said. "The international community has to act
within the next 10 hours." [AOL News]
●政治（アフリカ）
南アフリカのズマ大統領がリビア情勢の調整のため来週リビアを訪問。アフリカ連合に
よるハイレベル委員会の活動の一環。
Wednesday, 16 March, 2011: Cape Town — President Jacob Zuma will be leaving for Libya
next week as part of a high level committee selected by the African Union to mediate in the
worsening conflict there. Other committee members included Presidents of Mauritania, Congo,
Mali and Uganda. The announcement was made in Cape Town today by International Relations
and Cooperation Deputy Minister Marius Fransman. He said South Africa supported the AU's
position on calling for the immediate end of air strikes and other hostilities. Furthermore, the
deputy minister said they supported a call for "Libyan authorities to facilitate the timely delivery
of humanitarian assistance to the needy population and the adoption and implementation of
37
political reforms to end the on-going conflict." [All Africa]
●政治（G8）
G８による飛行禁止地域設定の話合いは不調に終わる。
Wednesday, 16 March, 2011: PARIS — The eight most powerful industrialized nations failed to
agree Tuesday on a no-flight zone or any other military operation to help the Libyan opposition,
instead passing the problem to the United Nations Security Council by urging an undefined
increase of pressure on the Libyan leader, Col. Muammar el-Qaddafi. France and Britain
pressed for agreement on a no-flight zone, while Germany and Russia opposed the measure and
the United States was cautious, officials said, speaking anonymously following diplomatic
protocol. Alain Juppé, the French foreign minister, read a statement after talks among foreign
ministers of the Group of 8 nations concluded here on Tuesday, saying that they called on
Colonel Qaddafi “to respect the legitimate claim of the Libyan people to fundamental rights,
freedom of expression and a representative form of government.” [New York Times]
●政治(制裁)
米国は更なる制裁措置をリビアに科す。
Wednesday, 16 March, 2011: The United States imposed more economic sanctions on Libya's
government Tuesday, as forces loyal to Moammar Gadhafi continued their crackdown on the
opposition. The conflict is also hitting home in western Virginia, where a family is mourning a
young man with ties to our area who was killed in the fighting. Suzi Elarabi was worried for her
son's safety, calling Muhannad Bensadik every hour from her Martinsville apartment. As the
fighting in Libya escalated, she encouraged him to leave for the United States, but knew he
wouldn't come. "Libya is his country too," Elarabi told News 7, "so he decided that he would
not leave Libya until he did what he had to do and fight for freedom for the Libyan people." The
21-year-old was born in Eden, North Carolina. He spent summers in the Martinsville area, and
attended Magna Vista High School in the 9th grade. [WDBJ7]
(関連記事)
Monday, 7 March, 2011: WASHINGTON — The United States came under mounting pressure
Sunday to help arm rebels facing Moamer Kadhafi's emboldened and regrouping military, amid
charges Washington missed recent chances to oust Libya's strongman. President Barack Obama
has insisted that all options including military action remain on the table with respect to Libya,
where Kadhafi forces have unleashed deadly airstrikes on rebels and civilians in efforts to crush
an uprising in which thousands are believed to have been killed. But with the administration
cautioning that a decision on a no-fly zone was still far off, US lawmakers and former officials
appearing on Sunday talk shows coalesced around the likelihood that supplying weapons to the
outgunned rebels was a way forward. [AFP]
●政治(内戦)
38
＜Ｇ８外相会議＞カダフィ氏退陣求める 議長総括を採択（毎日新聞 3 月 16 日）
パリでの主要８カ国（Ｇ８）外相会議は１５日、リビアの最高指導者カダフィ大佐の
退陣を事実上、求めると同時に、東日本大震災に際し、日本との「連帯」を強調した議
長総括を採択し終了した。各国は総括で、カダフィ氏に市民弾圧の停止を強く求めてい
る。総括は震災に直面して、日本国民が示した勇気と尊厳を称賛する一方、日本に危機
の克服能力があることを「確信」していると指摘。同時に、各国が日本への最大限の支
援を行う用意があることを重ねて強調した。議長国フランスのサルコジ大統領は、４月
にも大震災の世界経済への影響を協議する主要２０カ国・地域（Ｇ２０）会議を開くこ
とを提案した。一方、リビア問題では、市民の人権弾圧がカダフィ氏に「重大な結果を
もたらす」と警告。同氏退陣を目的に、国連安保理が経済制裁などで対リビア圧力を強
めるよう求めた。会議で仏英は、リビアでの飛行禁止空域の設定を求めたが、結局総括
は、同氏の市民への攻撃を防ぐ手段について「国連安保理での議論を歓迎する」とだけ
指摘した。会議とは別に、クリントン米国務長官は１４日、リビアの反体制派「国民評
議会」幹部と初会談し、米の同派支援の在り方を議論した。
●政治(内戦)
リビア政府軍、東部の要衝掌握か＝反政府側劣勢、市街ゲリラ戦も
【トブルク（リビア）時事 3 月 16 日】反政府勢力への反転攻勢を強めるリビア政府軍・
治安部隊は１５日までに、チュニジア国境近くの町ズワラを制圧した。これにより、首
都トリポリを中心とする西部地域は、首都東方の都市ミスラタを除くほとんどが政府支
配下に戻った。国営テレビは同日、反政府勢力の拠点である東部ベンガジの南約１６０
キロの要衝アジュダビアから敵を一掃したと報道、反政府側の劣勢が一段と覆い難くな
っている。
政府軍は１４日、ズワラに入った。報道では、その際に起きた戦闘で反政府側の約３
０人が死亡した。一方、アジュダビアが政府軍に制圧されたかどうかは未確認。アジュ
ダビアはベンガジや首都、東方のエジプト国境とを結ぶ交通の要衝。エジプト国境に近
いトブルクでも政府軍の攻撃が近いとの観測が強まっており、これらの都市が陥落すれ
ばベンガジに対する包囲網が一気に狭まりそうだ。
ＡＦＰ通信によれば、政府軍から離反し反政府側についたマンスール元空軍大佐は１
５日までに、政府軍施設への限定空爆を米欧に求める考えを示した上で、今後、市街地
でのゲリラ戦に突入する恐れがあると述べた。
(関連記事)
・Sunday, 6 March, 2011: A honking, cheering, flag-waving convoy of rebel gunmen in dusty
pickup trucks and battered sedans screeches to a halt in Bin Jawwad, a flyspecked hamlet. They
had advanced 110 miles in 18 hours. Reporting from Bin Jawwad, Libya - The Libyan jet
fighter circled once, twice, and then dipped, low and ominous. "Scatter! Scatter!" a rebel
commander screamed. On a windswept highway here on the new front line in the ever-shifting
39
war in Libya's east, rebel gunmen raced for cover behind boulders the color of sand. Several
antiaircraft guns burst to life, sending bright red rounds streaking toward the sky. They
exploded in black puffs above the desert Saturday afternoon. Then the plane was gone, and the
frenzied, all-day celebration of the rebel victory over pro-government forces the night before
resumed. [Los Angeles Times]
・Thursday, 17 March, 2011: Anthony Shadid, Stephen Farrell, Tyler Hicks and Lynsey Addario were
reporting on the fighting in the eastern part of the country, the Times said in a statement. Bill Keller, the
Times executive editor, said on Twitter: "Four of the best journalists I know, missing in action. Libyans
say if they're in [government] custody, they will be freed." The reporters were last in contact with their
editors Tuesday morning. According to the newspaper, secondhand reports said that Times reporters and
photographers had been swept up by Libyan government forces in the town of Ajdabiyah. This could not
be confirmed however. [ABC News]
・Wednesday, 16 March, 2011: AJDABIYA, Libya -- Rebels opposed to Col. Moammar
Gadhafi's Tuesday fled this strategic post after government troops took the city in a
stealth assault, overwhelming the only major population center on the way to the rebel
capital Benghazi and making a crucial stride towards snuffing out the four-week-old
uprising. Demoralized rebel fighters streamed out of the city, trying to regroup along a
four-lane highway to Benghazi that was packed with speeding ambulances and cars of
fleeing Ajdabiya citizens. Advance, unite in numbers. Yes, he owns planes, yes he owns
missiles, but we have God with us and we'll achieve victory or death!" urged a frantic
broadcast Tuesday afternoon on the Voice of Free Libya, the rebels' Benghazi-based
channel. "This is our last stand." [Wall Street Jornal]
・Thursday, 17 March, 2011: BENGHAZI, 15 March 2011 (IRIN) - Benghazi, Libya’s second
largest city and seat of the opposition Libyan National Council, is bracing for the fall-out from
fighting in Brega, 200km away, with residents warning they could suffer gas and electricity
shortages. “If Gaddafi [forces] should take Brega, we will find ourselves with no gas and
electricity,” a local resident of Benghazi, who gave his name as Salar, told IRIN. It was unclear
by 14 March whether government forces had overrun the town, with both sides claiming they
were still in control of the area. Observers warn that the fall of eastern towns like Brega could
encourage government forces, which are battling retreating armed opposition fighters, to turn
their guns on Benghazi. Should that happen, fighting would disrupt fuel and water supply lines,
and affect operations at the port through which some aid has been arriving. [IRIN News]
●政治（欧州、中東）
＜ＥＵ外相＞アラブ連盟と会談 リビア巡り意見交換（毎日新聞 3 月 14 日）
欧州連合（ＥＵ）のアシュトン外務・安全保障政策上級代表（外相）は１４日、カイ
ロでアラブ連盟のムーサ事務局長と会談した。リビア情勢を巡り、政府軍の空爆から反
40
体制派を守るための飛行禁止空域の設定などについて意見を交換した。アラブ連盟は１
２日、国連安保理に対する飛行禁止空域設定の要請を決めた。だが、欧米側では英仏以
外は軍事介入に慎重。アシュトン氏はムーサ氏と会談後、「空域設定の可能性や法的根
拠などを話し合った」と述べたが、具体的な見通しには触れなかった。リビアでは政府
軍の反転攻勢が強まり、ベンガジの南西約２４５キロにあるマルサエルブレガで反体制
派と激戦になっている模様。１４日には、さらに東方のアジュダビアも政府軍から空爆
されるなど、反体制派は守勢に立たされている。
「3 月 9 日から 3 月 15 日の期間
期間の
のリビア政府機関による掲載記事
記事等
等については
については、
、
リビア政府機関による掲載記事
以下のようにうまく表示されない
以下のようにうまく表示されないため本
ないため本レポートには掲載し
ため本レポートには掲載しない。
レポートには掲載しない。
.ltaking towns may be easy for C ,s eastern front'On Libya .Libya ,Ajdabiya :2011 ,March 15 ,Tuesday
After days of being pounded by rocket fire .but holding them is something else again –afi Muammar Qadd
s rebel army piled into their pickup trucks yesterday 'Libya ,and bombing runs from forces loyal to Qaddafi
They left .miles to the east 40 ,ega to Ajdabiyaafternoon and cut a ragged retreat from the oil town of Br
That was .Qaddafi’s fighters surging behind ,mounds of ammunition and supplies behind them as they fled
and then we ,forward [s forces'Qaddafi] werd eW“ .Majbouli-says Mohammed el ,all according to plan
a former member of Qaddafi’s special ,Majbouli .rM syas ”,uvered behind them and trapped themmane
」 [Christian Science Monitor] .forces who is now organizing rebel fighters
●政治（欧州）
リビア：政府側がＥＵと接触
反政府側はフランスと(毎日 3 月 9 日)
北アフリカのリビア政府は９日、欧州連合（ＥＵ）加盟国のポルトガルに特使を派遣
し、自国で続く武力衝突の状況を説明した。ＡＰ通信によると、リビア代表団は１０日
にはブリュッセルで欧州連合（ＥＵ）のアシュトン外務・安全保障政策上級代表（外相）
と会談する見通しで、ＥＵ側から一定の理解を得たい考えだ。一方、反政府勢力側も１
０日にサルコジ仏大統領と会談することにしている。政府側と反政府側が、国際社会か
らの支持取り付けを巡って争う構図だ。ポルトガルのアマード外相は９日、リスボンで
リビア代表団と会談した。会談内容は明らかになっていないが、リビア政府はポルトガ
ルに仲介役を期待しているとされる。
一方、フランス大統領府は９日、サルコジ大統領がリビアの反政府勢力で作る国民評
議会の幹部２人と１０日に会談すると表明した。一国の元首が、同評議会の代表と公式
に会談するのは初めてとされる。１１日のＥＵ緊急首脳会議に向け、仏は反政府勢力支
持を強く打ち出していく構えだ。双方による外交的駆け引きとは別に、国内の戦闘は収
まる気配を見せない。ロイター通信によると、西部アズザウィーヤでは９日、政府軍が
支配権を奪還したと伝えられたが、反政府側が同日中に奪い返した模様だ。病院関係者
によると、少なくとも反政府側４０人が死亡した。複数の政府軍幹部も死亡したと伝え
られている。リビア国営放送は、反政府勢力指導者、アブドルジャリル前法相の身柄拘
41
束に５０万リビア・ディナール（約３３５０万円）、関連情報提供に２０万リビア・デ
ィナールの懸賞金を出すと発表した。
(関連記事)
・Tuesday, 8 March, 2011: (CNN) -- NATO has launched around-the-clock surveillance flights
of Libya as it considers various options for dealing with escalating violence in the war-torn
country, America's ambassador to the organization told reporters Monday. Representatives of
key Western powers also highlighted the possibility of establishing a no-fly zone in Libya -- part
of growing campaign to break strongman Moammar Gadhafi's grip on power. British, French
and U.S. officials were working on a draft text that includes language on a no-fly zone,
diplomatic sources at the United Nations told CNN. The language in the text will deal with
triggers rather than timelines for taking such a step, one diplomat noted. If gross violations of
human rights are committed, the diplomat added, the elements of the text could be quickly
turned into a resolution. [CNN]
・Tuesday, 8 March, 2011: Speaking at the White House, Mr Obama said the US would stand
with the Libyan people as they faced "unacceptable" violence. "We have got Nato consulting
around a wide range of options in Brussels, including potential military options in response to
the violence that continues to take place inside Libya," he said. Mr Obama has instructed his
military planners to prepare a range of options, which are understood to include signal-jamming,
airdropping weapons and supplies to rebels and landing units of special forces of the sort
deployed early during the Afghanistan campaign. However Robert Gates, the US Defence
Secretary, warned that any foreign military intervention in Libya should have international
backing. He has warned that imposing a no-fly zone would involve direct military action in the
form of bombing raids to eradicate Libya's air defences, thus potentially dragging the United
States into a third major war front after Iraq and Afghanistan. [Telegraph]
・Saturday, 5 March, 2011: BENGAHZI, LIBYA - Forces loyal to Libyan leader Moammar
Gaddafi unleashed their fiercest counterattack yet against the opposition on Friday, assaulting
rebel-held positions by ground and air and firing on demonstrators in the government stronghold
of Tripoli. The lethal force of the government offensive - including what rebels described as a
"bloodbath" in the strategic western port city of Zawiyah - raised the stakes for Washington and
its western allies. They have threatened military intervention should the Gaddafi government
cross red lines including the systematic endangerment of defenseless civilians or if the battle for
Libya evolved into a long-term, bloody stalemate. [Washington Post]
●政治（内戦）
対リビア 飛行禁止決議へ着手 米英仏草案、中露は慎重（産経新聞 3 月 9 日）
内戦状態にあるリビアで一般市民に被害が拡大する中、米国、英国、フランスが共同
で、リビア上空に飛行禁止区域を設定する国連安全保障理事会決議の草案作成を始めた。
42
米ＣＮＮが７日報じた。今週中にも安保理での協議に持ち込まれる可能性があるという。
ヘイグ英外相も同日、草案作成着手の事実を認めた。またオバマ米大統領は同日、北大
西洋条約機構（ＮＡＴＯ）が「軍事面を含むすべての手段を検討している」と、あらゆ
る可能性を排除しない方針を示した。
これに対し、ロシアのラブロフ外相は「現在の経済制裁の実行に全力を挙げるべきだ」
と同区域設定に否定的な見解を表明。中国外務省の報道官も８日の会見で慎重な姿勢を
示した。安保理は先月２６日に対リビア経済制裁決議を全会一致で採択しているが、武
力行使を容認することになる同区域設定をめぐっては、慎重論を唱える中露との間で対
立する可能性もある。米国のダールダー駐ＮＡＴＯ大使は７日、リビアへの監視強化の
ため、ＮＡＴＯ軍が空中警戒管制機（ＡＷＡＣＳ）を２４時間展開させていると明らか
にした。
(関連記事)
Tuesday, 8 March, 2011: UNITED NATIONS (AP) — Britain and France are drafting a U.N.
resolution that would establish a no-fly zone over Libya to prevent Moammar Gadhafi's air
force from bombing civilians and rebels fighting to oust him from power. A British diplomat at
the U.N. stressed Monday that the resolution is being prepared as a contingency in case it is
needed, but no decision has been made to introduce it at the U.N. Security Council. Pressure for
the no-fly zone appears to be intensifying after Gadhafi's regime unleashed its air power on the
poorly equipped and poorly organized rebel force trying to oust their ruler of 41 years. The
heavy use of air power on Sunday — and again on Monday — signaled the regime's concern
that it needed to check the advance of the rebel force toward the city of Sirte, Gadhafi's
hometown and stronghold which lies on the main road to the capital, Tripoli. [AP]
・Saturday, 5 March, 2011: LONDON: Bomb attacks on Brega harbour were intended to scare
rebels fighting Libyan leader Moammar Gaddafi, his son Seif Al-Islam told Britain's Sky News
late Thursday. "The bombs were just to frighten them to go away," Gaddafi's son said. "There is
no city there, the city of Brega is miles away. I am talking about the harbour, only oil refinery
there," he insisted. Seif Al-Islam made it clear the regime would do all it could to prevent the
harbour falling into rebel hands. "This is the oil and gas hub of Libya," he explained. "All of us,
we eat, we live because of Brega. Without Brega six million people have no future because we
export all of our oil from there. Read more: Libya bombings only to 'frighten' rebels: Gaddafi
son - The Times of India [Times of India]
●エネルギー(石油)
Occidental Petroleum Corp (OXY.N)は米国政府の対リビア制裁措置に全面的に従う姿勢
を示した。同社によれば 2010 年のリビアの原油生産量(同社権益分)は約 13000 バレル/
日で同社の世界中の権益量の 2％に満たない量であるとのことである。
Tuesday, 8 March, 2011: (Reuters) - Occidental Petroleum Corp (OXY.N) said on Monday it is
43
in full compliance with U.S. sanctions on Libya. Libya provides less than two percent of
Occidental's total worldwide production. The company's share of production from Libyan
properties in 2010 was approximately 13,000 barrels-of-oil-equivalent per day. "We are not
aware of the current production status of the Libya oilfields where Oxy produces," said the
spokesman in response to a question about the status of its fields. [Reuters]
●エネルギー（需給・販売）
Exxon Mobil は米国政府の対リビア制裁措置に従う考えを示し、リビア原油の販売活動
を停止する予定。
Tuesday, 8 March, 2011: (Reuters) - Exxon Mobil has stopped trading crude oil with Libya to
comply with U.S. sanctions, two trading sources told Reuters on Monday citing unofficial
information they received from the U.S. supermajor. Sources also said they understood U.S. oil
firms ConocoPhillips and Marathon, which are stake holders in Libyan oil production projects,
have also either fully scrapped or reduced dealings with the country. Earlier on Monday, trade
sources told Reuters Wall Street bank Morgan Stanley had also stopped all contracts with Libya.
[Reuters]
(関連記事)
・ConocoPhillips(COP.N)も追従。
Tuesday, 8 March, 2011: (Reuters) - ConocoPhillips (COP.N) is in full compliance with U.S.
sanctions against Libya and is not exporting oil from that country. "We are full compliance with
U.S. sanctions, a company spokesman said on Monday. Conoco has a non-operating 16 percent
interest in the Waha concessions in Libya. Net oil production averaged 46,000 barrels per day in
2010, versus 45,000 barrels per day in 2009, according to a regulatory filing. In the 2010 fourth
quarter, Conoco's daily output averaged 1.73 million barrels of oil equivalent. [Reuters]
・Wednesday, 16 March, 2011: TRIPOLI, March 15 (Reuters) - Libya's government will honour
existing contracts with Western oil companies but the crisis is likely to influence its future
cooperation with them, a senior foreign ministry official said on Tuesday. "Yesterday I met with
Mr Shukri Ghanem, the president of the National Oil Commission, and he told me he is still in
contact with the chairmen of Eni (ENI.MI: Quote) and some American companies," Deputy
Foreign Minister Khaled Kaim told Reuters in Tripoli. "We hope that they will be convinced
that the security is guaranteed for everyone and they will be back here to resume their work," he
said. Asked if existing contracts could be reviewed, he said: "I don't think so at this stage. ...
Maybe for new ones, for new concessions, for new contracts. Maybe what happened in the last
four weeks will be reflected in the future cooperation with other countries." [Reuters]
●政治（英国・リビア関係）
カダフィ・ファミリーの一人で悪名高きモッタセムがイギリスの大学で授業を受けてい
たことを含めてリビアと英国の深い関係が浮上している。
44
Tuesday, 8 March, 2011: Potentially embarrassing details of links between the Gaddafi regime
and British universities have emerged, including revelations that one of the Libyan dictator's
sons was tutored in the UK. Mutassim Gaddafi, who has been described as a "war criminal" by
Libyan anti-government protesters, was given private lessons at the School of Oriental and
African Studies in the summer of 2006. Four years later Soas, which is part of the University of
London, announced a lucrative deal with a Libyan university. It has also emerged that another
British university formed a partnership with a Libyan government ministry to reform the
country's prisons. But the university did not gain access to Libya's two most notorious jails.
[Guardian]
●政治(内戦)
カダフィ大佐派がラス・ラヌーフの石油施設を空爆。
Tuesday, 8 March, 2011: RAS LANOUF, Libya (AP) - Libyan warplanes launched fresh
airstrikes on rebel positions around a key oil port today, trying to block the opposition fighters
from advancing toward Moammar Gadhafi’s stronghold in the capital, Tripoli. Rebels in the
area said they can take on Gadhafi’s elite ground forces, but are outgunned if he uses his air
power. [Vindy]
(関連記事)
Tuesday, 8 March, 2011: Libya's government extended an olive branch to rebels today in a bid
to prevent further bloodshed as the armed uprising in the oil-rich country entered its fourth week.
Jadallah Azous al-Talhi, a former Libyan prime minister of the 1980s who is from eastern Libya,
appeared on state television reading an address to elders in the insurgent stronghold of Benghazi.
Mr Talhi asked them to "give a chance to national dialogue to resolve this crisis, to help stop the
bloodshed and not give a chance to foreigners to come and capture our country again." But
Ahmed Jabreel, an aide to rebel chief Mustafa Abdel Jalil, said: "Any negotiations must be on
the basis that Gadaffi will step down. There can be no other compromise." [Morning Star]
・Tuesday, 8 March, 2011: RIYADH: Saudi Arabia on Monday called for an end to the ongoing
bloody violence in Libya — which started on Feb. 15 — in order to save the lives of Libyans
and safeguard the country’s territorial integrity. The Council of Ministers, presided over by
Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Abdullah, also urged the Libyan authorities to allow
distribution of relief supplies among the country’s strife victims. The Cabinet expressed its
concern over the worsening security situation in some Arab and Islamic countries and
emphasized the need to deal with such developments with patience and wisdom, ensuring the
security and stability of people in those countries. [Arab News]
・Monday, 7 March, 2011: The BBC's John Simpson says Ras Lanuf remains in rebel hands.
Four Libyan towns which forces loyal to Colonel Gaddafi claimed to have retaken remain under
rebel control, witnesses say. Tobruk and Ras Lanuf remain in rebel hands, BBC correspondents
45
said. Anti-Gaddafi forces still control Misrata and Zawiya, residents and rebels said. But both
Misrata and Ras Lanuf came under renewed attack on Sunday, and clashes have been reported
in the small town of Bin Jawad. In the capital, Tripoli, officials said pre-dawn gunfire there was
celebrating pro-Gaddafi "gains" of the towns. Many people there first thought the firing was
clashes between pro- and anti-government forces, and there are suspicions celebratory gunfire
was then used to cover up the gunfight. [BBC]
●政治(内戦)
リビア革命でカダフィ大佐の同志であった Abdul Fatah Younis はいまやカダフィ大佐を
追い落とそうとする側についている。
Tuesday, 8 March, 2011: When the Libyan revolution erupted, Abdul Fatah Younis was at the
heart of the action. As one of a small group of young army officers involved in the conspiracy
against the regime, he helped seize the radio station in Benghazi, Libya’s second city. That was
in 1969 and his comrade in arms was a 27-year-old captain – Muammer Gaddafi. In the four
decades that followed, he rose to the rank of general, headed Libya’s special forces, and took up
the post of interior minister as a trusted member of Col Gaddafi’s regime. But, in a reflection of
the extraordinary events that have swept across Libya, he is now deploying his special forces to
support and advise rebel fighters bent on ousting the Libyan leader, predicting the regime’s
downfall within days and alleging that Col Gaddafi’s Ukrainian nurse has been dispatched to
her homeland with $50m to hire fighter pilots for the regime and buy spare parts for the air force.
[Financial Times]
●政治（中東）
アラブ連盟のムーサ事務局長はカダフィ大佐に反政府側との話合いを進めるよう進言。
Tuesday, 8 March, 2011: Arab League Secretary general Amr Moussa called on Libyan leader
Muammar Gaddafi to launch reconciliation talks with rebel forces as soon as possible if he
wishes to stay in power, though he believes the Libyan people aren't likely to accept
reconciliation. In an interview with French radio Moussa added that international inspectors
should be sent to eastern Libya to see for themselves whether mass murder is in fact being
committed against Libyan citizens. If these reports are true, he said, then it is imperative that
those responsible be brought to justice. AFP [Ynet News]
●政治（アジア）
中国：揺らぐ資源戦略、リビアから３万人救出 アフリカ進出熱の後退危惧(毎日 3 月 7
日)
カダフィ政権側と反政府勢力との激しい内乱が続くリビアから、中国政府は自国民３
万人余りを退避させ、「建国以来最大」の救出作戦と大々的に宣伝している。海外での
有事にも自国民や権益を手厚く保護する姿勢を示すことで、中国企業のアフリカ進出熱
を冷まさないようにする配慮もありそうだ。しかし、中東やアフリカの独裁国家で相次
46
ぐ政変は、資源を求めて海外進出をする中国に新たな課題を突きつけている。「中国政
府が『国民のための政治、国民のための外交』を貫徹したことを示している」楊潔〓外
相は７日の会見で、リビアの石油や鉄道、建設業などの現場で働いていた中国人３万５
８６０人を退避させたことを「国民外交」の成果と位置づけた。国民外交とは、海外の
領事業務拡充など国民向けの外交政策を指す中国の新語だ。
中国は今回、民間機や輸送船を隣国からチャーターしたほか、初めて本国から海軍フ
リゲート艦１隻と空軍輸送機４機を派遣した。中国海軍の尹卓・少将は９日の会見で「多
様化する脅威に対応して、軍隊の任務も多様化している。（ソマリア沖での）商船の護
衛航行や海外の自国民保護、海外資産の安全確保は多様化した任務の一つだ」と説明し
た。中国当局によると、リビア情勢が緊迫化した先月１６日以降、複数の中国企業プロ
ジェクトの現場が暴徒に襲撃されて負傷者が出ている。中国企業は賃金の安い労働者を
本国から連れてくるため「雇用を奪っている」とうらまれているとされる。
「リビアでは中国企業７５社が約５０のプロジェクトを受注している。契約総額は１
８８億ドル（約１兆５４００億円）に上る」陳徳銘商務相が７日の会見で、中国企業の
受注額を公表すると中国人記者たちから一斉にため息がもれた。カダフィ政権から代金
を回収できる望みが薄くなったからだ。陳氏は続けて「現地の法律法規と国際ルールに
基づき、中国企業の資産保全のために訴訟を行うかどうかを考慮している」と説明。政
府として進出企業をバックアップすることを約束した。「リビアの極めて特殊な状況と
中東・北アフリカ諸国の懸念と主張を考慮し、中国代表団は賛成票を投じた」中国は２
月末、カダフィ政権に対する国連安保理の制裁決議案に賛成した。国内に民主化問題や
分離独立運動を抱え、外国からの干渉を恐れるために内政不干渉を外交の原則とする中
国としては珍しいことだ。新華社通信によると、李保東国連大使は原則を曲げて賛成し
た理由をリビアが「特殊」だからと説明した。北京の外交関係者によると、中国が最も
恐れたのはカダフィ政権の空爆などで中国人が多数死亡する事態だ。資源豊かなアフリ
カへの進出は「国策」であり、多大な人的被害は政策の誤りと批判されかねないからだ。
アフリカ在住の中国人は石油資源が豊富なアンゴラやナイジェリア、スーダン、アル
ジェリアなどに１００万人以上ともいわれる。多くの国はリビアと同じ長期独裁政権下
だ。資源輸入なしに成長を続けられなくなった中国では、リビアの混乱によって「海外
の政変に突然巻き込まれるリスク」（外交筋）が初めて強く意識されている。
●政治（欧州）
EU がリビアからの脱出方法などを検討する高級官僚レベルのミッションをリビアに派
遣。2 月 14 日に反政府運動が始まって以来はじめての試み。
Monday, 7 March, 2011: Brussels, March 7 (IANS/RIA Novosti) The European Union (EU) has
sent a high-level mission to troubled Libya to assess the needs of the people and monitor
evacuation efforts. The office of the EU foreign affairs chief said Sunday that it will be the first
such mission to Libya since the anti-regime protests began Feb 14 against Muammar Gaddafi's
47
41-year rule. The Libyan authorities are fiercely suppressing the riots, and at least 6,000 people
have been killed, according to international organisations. The EU experts will have to report on
the humanitarian situation in the oil-rich north African country to the emergency EU summit on
Libya to be held in Brussels March 11. [Sify]
●政治(内戦)
反政府組織の食糧事情。
Monday, 7 March, 2011: (Reuters) - The rebel council based in eastern Libya says the region
has food supplies that will last three to four months, Saad al-Ferjani, the council member
managing economic affairs, told Al Arabiya television on Sunday. He said the National Libyan
Council would honour all contracts to supply oil from the crude-producing region. "We will
cover all of our contracts, they cannot be changed," he said. "The food supplies are available at
a high level, and are enough for three to four months," he said. Medicine, petrol and gas were
also available, he said. [Reuters]
リビア：「反体制派が正統代表」 フランスが承認毎日新聞
2011 年 3 月 10 日
フランス大統領府筋は１０日、リビアの反体制派組織「国民評議会」を同国民の唯一
正統な代表として承認すると表明した。反体制派の拠点である北東部の都市ベンガジに、
近くフランス大使を派遣するという。同評議会は自らをカダフィ政権に代わる正統政府
と訴え代表団を欧州に派遣しているが、「唯一正統な代表」として承認したのはフラン
スが初めて。
サルコジ大統領は同日、代表団の外交責任者エサウィ氏と会談。会談後、エサウィ氏
は記者団に「フランスは、国民評議会をリビア国民の唯一正統な代表と承認した」と言
明、大統領府筋も直ちにこれを確認した。エサウィ氏は、反体制派もパリに大使館を開
設し、外交関係を樹立すると述べた。（パリ、ベンガジ共同）
●政治（国連）
リビアが渡航禁止措置やカダフィ・ファミリーの資産凍結などを盛り込んだ国連安保理
決議 1970 を拒否。
Monday, 7 March, 2011: TRIPOLI - The Libyan government officially rejected the United
Nations Resolution 1970 which imposed travel ban and assets freeze on Gaddafi's family and
some senior officials, and expressed "deep regret" over the position of the UN Security Council,
according to an official statement released on Sunday. The resolution was based on external
media reports, rather than on accurate, well-documented, and verifiable information whose
credibility has been ascertained by an in independent and impartial facts-finding committee, the
statement said. The north African country is witnessing the worst unrest in the past four decades,
which broke out on February 16 in the eastern city of Benghazi. The mass protests, demanding
an end to Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi's 42-year rule, have turned into violent clashes
between anti-government protesters and pro-Gaddafi troops. The parties responsible for the
48
violence in the country are " sleeping cells which belong to al-Qaida terrorist organization
operating in a region that they call the Muslim Maghreb," the statement added. [China Daily]
(関連記事)
Sunday, 6 March, 2011: Italy and Japan have confirmed they will endorse UN and EU sanctions
on Libya. The UN Security Council unanimously voted to back a sanctions resolution aimed at
ending the Libyan government's attack on citizens. Authorities in Italy, Libya's main trading
partner, agreed to freeze assets linked to Colonel Gaddafi and his family. 'We have to listen to
Libyan people... we have to help this transitional process be peaceful, without violence, without
a regime killing its own population' said Italy's Foreign Minister Franco Frattini. Gaddafi's
regime has demanded that the UN suspend sanctions against the Libyan leader over his
crackdown on protests. Human rights groups say 6,000 people have been killed since protests
against Colonel Gaddafi erupted last month. [Sky News]
●政治（国連、アフリカ連合）
カダフィ大佐は国連あるいはアフリカ連合がリビアで状況調査をすることを許可ｋす
るコメントを発表。
Sunday, 6 March, 2011: PARIS, (AFP) - Moammar Kadhafi said he wanted the United Nations
or the African Union to probe the unrest rocking Libya and promised investigators free access,
in an interview published Sunday. The strongman, making his first such demand since the
outbreak of violent protests against his rule and the ensuing bloody riposte, also warned that the
unrest would spell disaster for Europe. "First of all I would like that an investigatory
commission of the United Nations or the African Union comes here to Libya," he told the
French weekly Le Journal du Dimanche. "We will let this panel work unhampered," he said,
adding that he would be in favour of France "coordinating and leading" the probe body. Shortly
after the unrest broke out, Kadhafi’s son Saif al-Islam, long seen as a possible successor, said he
wanted an independent domestic probe into the unrest. [Montreal Gazette]
●政治(人権)
国連人権委員会はリビアに関する報告書発行を延期。内容が非常にソフトすぎるとの批
判が各方面から起きていることに鑑みた措置。
Sunday, 6 March, 2011: The U.N. Human Rights Council has postponed issuing its report on
Libya in the wake of criticism that it contains praise for the North African nation's human rights
record. The 47-nation council said Thursday it would hold off on adopting the report on Libya
after critics said it was too soft. The routine report was prepared before the recent uprisings and
Libyan strongman Moammar Gadhafi's violent crackdown on protesters. The U.S. ambassador
to the council, Eileen Chamberlain Donahoe, said the delay was the right thing to do and
hopefully "the voices of the Libyan people, and not just the voice of the Gadhafi regime, can be
reflected." [Sify]
49
●社会（通信）
リビア各地でのインターネット活動が停滞。
Saturday, 5 March, 2011: Internet service was blocked in much of Libya, notably the capital city
of Tripoli, making it difficult for people to plan or communicate Friday in the violence-torn
country. U.S. firms that monitor global Internet networks reported that Web traffic in and out of
Libya was disconnected abruptly Thursday afternoon local time and continued to be unavailable
late Friday. Tripoli, a city of 2 million people, was suffering a near-total outage, according to
residents in several neighborhoods, as well as Libyans abroad who are in telephone contact with
family members in other neighborhoods. Google Inc., which tracks the status of its services,
reported a sudden halt in traffic from Libya starting at approximately 2 p.m. local time Thursday
(7 a.m. EST) and continuing through Friday. [Wall Street Journal]
●政治（国連）
リビア政府は新たな国連大使に前外務大臣の Ali Abdussalam Treki 氏を任命。
Saturday, 5 March, 2011: According to Reuters, Colonel Gaddafi has designated a new man at
the United Nations. Apparently, breaking down in tears and begging for international sanctions
was not considered helpful: " Libya has appointed ex-foreign minister Ali Abdussalam Treki as
its U.N. envoy in New York, replacing an ambassador who renounced the Libyan leadership, the
United Nations said on Friday. "The Secretary-General (Ban Ki-moon) has received
correspondence from the Libyan authorities," U.N. spokesman Martin Nesirky said. "That
correspondence names Dr. Treki as the person they wish to have as the permanent representative
of their country." It is not clear whether Treki, one of Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi's most
senior foreign policy advisers and a former president of the U.N. General Assembly, will ever
take up the post as Libyan ambassador to the United Nations." [Foreign Policy]
●エネルギー（石油）
経済制裁が科されようとしているリビアは、しかしその石油輸出活動によって外貨を依
然として稼いでいる。そしてその大部分はカダフィ大佐の支配下にある。国内の混乱が
始まった 2 月最終週でも 57 万バレル/日の原油が輸出された。西側の石油関係者やトレ
ーダーがファイナンシャル・タイムズに語った。
Saturday, 5 March, 2011: Muammer Gaddafi’s regime is still benefiting from hundreds of
millions of dollars in oil export revenues, even as western powers impose financial sanctions
aimed at forcing Libya’s leader from power. Payments for crude oil exports are finding their
way back to Libya’s central bank and, potentially, into Col Gaddafi’s direct control, according to
a senior western oil official and traders contacted by the Financial Times. Oil officials and
shipbrokers said that Libya exported about 570,000 barrels a day in the last week of February,
when the unrest started, and shipped about 400,000 b/d this week. At current prices, the oil
shipped over the two-week period is worth $770m. The export flow is now tailing off as more
50
oil companies and tanker owners stop dealing with Libya because of reputational risk,
executives and shipbrokers said. However, Chinese and Indian companies have continued
buying the crude, they said. [Financial Times]
●政治（支援）
1000 トンの小麦粉を積んだ船がベンガジに向けて出港したが、目的を果たせずに帰港
した。政府軍による空爆の可能性があるための帰港であった。
Saturday, 5 March, 2011: A ship loaded with 1,000 tons of flour bound for Benghazi in eastern
Libya returned to port on Thursday without delivering its cargo because of reports of aerial
bombardments in the area, officials said. "The owners of the ship took the decision. There were
concerns about the reports of aerial bombardments," Greg Barrow, a spokesman for the
Rome-based World Food Program, which chartered the ship, said. The WFP, which has
launched an operation costing $39.2 million US to provide food aid inside Libya and to the
thousands crossing into Tunisia and Egypt, said the ship had returned to Malta. "We urgently
call for safe humanitarian access to Libya. This shows the scale of the challenge we face,
especially if there is a need to ramp up food and other assistance in Libya," WFP chief Josette
Sheeran said in a statement. [Edmonton Journal]
●政治(米国)
オバマ大統領はカダフィ大佐に対して明白なメッセージを伝えた。「権力の座から降り
て去れ！」
。
Friday, 4 March, 2011: WASHINGTON — President Obama delivered what he called an "very
unambiguous" message to Libyan dictator Moammar Gadhafi on Thursday: "Step down from
power and leave." He also warned those carrying out Gadhafi's orders that they will be held
accountable for their actions. "They should know history is moving against Colonel Gadhafi,"
Obama said. In his first public comments on the crisis in Libya in more than a week, the
president also said he has instructed the Defense and State departments to explore all U.S.
options to influence the Libyan uprising and Gadhafi's violent efforts to crush it. [USA Today]
●政治(内戦)
カダフィ側の反体制側への弾圧激化。尋常でない拘束方法。
Friday, 4 March, 2011: TRIPOLI, Libya—The residents of Libya's capital, subject to a
clampdown as Col. Moammar Gadhafi loses much of the rest of his country to opponents, are
gripped by fear and paranoia. Pro-Gadhafi security forces, visiting homes at night, have made
scores of arrests. Families of some anti-government activists have gone into hiding after
receiving threats from officials. Doctors say patients with gunshot wounds—a sign the injured
person may have been at a street demonstration—have been arrested and taken from hospitals.
Some residents of Tripoli, home to 2 million of Libya's 6 million people, on Thursday described
these and other incidents that form what they say is a tapestry of terror in the capital. As Col.
51
Gadhafi has rallied his base, these people say, reprisals have escalated against those who protest
his rule. [Wall Street Journal]
●エネルギー（石油）
内戦勃発によってリビアの石油生産量が半減。
Friday, 4 March, 2011: Oil production in Libya has been cut in half due to nationwide civil
unrest, according to Shukri Ghanem, chairman of Libya's National Oil Corporation. "Libya's oil
production has been halved as foreign workers have left because they don't feel safe" he told
Agence France Presse. "Libyan workers also have left but most of the foreign workers are
technicians, and this has led to a reduction in production." Ghanem, who also serves as the de
facto oil minister, did not provide any data to back up his claims. However, he emphasized that
"none of the oil installations were damaged" and that "we continue to produce and export" oil.
Most foreign oil companies, including Total (NYSE: TOT) of France, have wither shut down
their operations in Libya or suspended them. [IB Times]
●政治(制裁)
リビアの資産凍結措置は採られたが、リビア国営銀行の外貨準備高は少なくても 1100
億ドルであることをＩＭＦが明らかにした。カダフィ・ファミリーはハリウッドの映画
製作会社からイタリアのサッカーチームにまで資産を有している。
Friday, 4 March, 2011: Tripoli, Libya (AHN) – Despite the freezing of Libyan assets by at least
three western nations, the strife-torn nation has enough in its war chest to fund operations.
According to the International Monetary Fund, the Central Bank of Libya holds at least $110
billion in foreign reserves. The IMF cautioned it is unclear how much money is held by the
central bank and on foreign shores. The Libyan government and strongman Muammar Gaddafi
have extensive global holdings ranging from a Hollywood production company to an Italian
soccer team and London property. The U.S. has frozen $30 billion in Libyan assets, Canada $2.3
billion and the U. another $30 billion in a global bid to pressure Gaddafi to step down after 42
years of ruling Libya with an iron fist. Despite the freeze, the IMF estimates Libya’s $110
billion international reserves are sufficient to cover the country’s imports for three years. [Gant
Daily]
●政治（軍事）
ギリシャの米国海軍基地に 400 隻の戦艦が集結。英国、フランスとともに反政府軍保護
のための飛行禁止区域設立のための準備を行なう目的。
Friday, 4 March, 2011: ATHENS, Greece — Some 400 U.S. Marines arrived at an American
naval base in Greece in a buildup of U.S. forces around Libya, and Britain and France said
Thursday that preparations should begin to establish a "no-fly zone" over the North African
nation to protect rebel forces. Libyan opposition leaders have pleaded for foreign powers to
launch airstrikes to help them oust Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi from power, but the
52
Pentagon has tried to play down the idea of using military force, including a no-fly zone.
Nevertheless, the U.S. is mobilizing: Some 400 U.S. Marines from the 2nd Marine
Expeditionary Unit, based at Camp Lejeune in North Carolina, arrived Wednesday at the U.S.
Souda Bay on the Greek island of Crete. Base spokesman Paul Farley said they have been
deployed "as part of contingency planning to provide the president (Barack Obama) flexibility
on full range of option regarding Libya," along with the amphibious assault ships USS
Kearsarge and USS Ponce which have been ordered to the Mediterranean Sea. [Canadian Press]
●政治（ロシア）
メドベージェフ大統領はリビアが内戦状態にあるとの認識を示した。
Friday, 4 March, 2011: Russian President Dmitry Medvedev described on Thursday the situation
in Libya as moving toward the civil war. "Libya has been and is on the brink of a civil war, and
our task was to save the lives of our citizens [there]," Medvedev said during a meeting with
Emergency Situations Minister Sergei Shoigu. Russia completed on Wednesday the evacuation
of its citizens from the North African country, where at least 2,000 people are believed to have
been killed in violent clashes between troops loyal to the country's long-standing leader,
Muammar Gaddafi, and opposition protesters and rebel forces. "This was a large-scale and
complicated operation," Medvedev told Shoigu, referring to the evacuation of the Russians from
Libya. The Russian Embassy in Tripoli reported earlier on Thursday that Russia had evacuated
520 Russians and 593 foreign nationals from Libya. [Rian]
●政治（医療）
国際赤十字社はリビア政府に対して、医療関係者へのより深い配慮をするように要請。
Friday, 4 March, 2011: GENEVA - The international Red Cross on Thursday urged Libyans to
respect medical personnel after two ambulances came under fire in the coastal area of Misrata,
wounding two and destroying one of the vehicles. "Credible reports indicate that two Libyan
Red Crescent ambulances were shot at today (Thursday) in Misrata, west of Benghazi, resulting
in two volunteers being injured and one of the ambulances being completely burnt," the
International Committee of the Red Cross said in a statement. "Red Crescent and Red Cross
staff must be respected and allowed to carry out their life-saving work in safety," said Simon
Brooks, head of the ICRC team in Benghazi. "This is a vital issue for us and our colleagues at
the Libyan Red Crescent. Volunteers are always ready to do their job but they must be granted
the necessary security," he added. [Vancover Sun]
(関連記事)
Monday, 7 March, 2011: The leader of the opposition Justice and Democracy Party of Libya
says he has begun compiling evidence of what he describes as flagrant human rights abuses and
grave atrocities perpetrated by forces loyal to embattled leader Moammar Gadhafi against
anti-government protesters. Hadi Shalluf, who is also an international lawyer, says the evidence
53
will be sent to the International Criminal Court for the prosecution of Gadhafi and his regime,
including his immediate family. “We are trying to gather the information to give them to the
public prosecutor and the ICC (International Criminal Court), and also present it to the Libyan
(court) jurisdiction in the future, when we catch Gadhafi or we arrest him in Libya,” said Shalluf.
[VOA]
●政治（制裁）
ＥＵ：リビア投資庁が制裁対象に 欧州で巨額の資金運用(毎日 2011.3.7)
欧州連合（ＥＵ）が新たに制裁対象として検討を始めたリビア政府系ファンド「リビ
ア投資庁」は、０６年８月に設立された。運用資金は５００億～８００億ドル（約４兆
～６兆５０００億円）と見られ、その８割を海外で運用する。投資先として目立つのは
旧宗主国のイタリア。リビア中央銀行の保有分と合わせるとイタリア最大の金融機関ユ
ニクレディットの株７．５８％を保有。イタリアの国営エネルギー企業ＥＮＩ（株式保
有率２％）、自動車メーカーのフィアット（同２％）、名門サッカーチーム、ユベント
ス（同７．５％）などにも投資する。英国ではメディア大手ピアソン（同３．２７％）
のほか、商業用不動産への投資を活発に続け、投資総額は２００億ポンド（約２兆６０
００億円）に達するとの見方もある。８０年代からリビアとの結びつきが深いオースト
リアへの投資も積極的だ。地元紙ディー・プレッセによると、企業や森林などに３００
億ドル（約２兆４５００億円）を投資する。カダフィ大佐の次男セイフ・アルイスラム
氏（３８）は、ウィーンの大学で修士号を取得、ウィーンの高級住宅街に邸宅を構えて
いる。
●政治（内戦）
飛行禁止空域設定の草案作成 安保理決議案（毎日新聞 3 月 8 日）
英仏など一部の国連安保理常任理事国は７日、リビアのカダフィ政権による反体制派
への攻撃に対し、飛行禁止空域設定を含む新たな安保理決議案の草案作成を始めた。常
任理事国の外交官が同日、毎日新聞に明らかにした。あくまでも「緊急事態への対応で、
要請があった場合に備えて」（外交官）と言う。新たな決議案は、現時点では、２月２
６日に採択した制裁決議と同じく国連憲章第７章「平和に対する脅威に関する行動」に
基づくとみられる。
●政治（内戦）
カダフィ大佐、保証付き退陣を反体制派側に提案（アルジャジーラ、ロイター3 月 8 日(火)）
中東の衛星テレビ局アルジャジーラによると、リビアの最高指導者カダフィ大佐は、
自らが一定の保証付きで退陣するための全人民会議開催を反体制派側に提案した。アル
ジャジーラは関係筋の話として速報で伝えたが、詳細については報じていない。
●政治(内戦)
ＩＣＣ 政権側の捜査着手（産経新聞 3 月 4 日）
54
リビアのカダフィ政権による反体制デモの武力弾圧について、オランダ・ハーグの国
際刑事裁判所（ＩＣＣ）は３日、「人道に対する罪」の容疑で最高指導者カダフィ大佐
や側近らの捜査に着手した。大佐側は国内に化学兵器を隠し持っていると報じられてお
り、捜査開始には化学兵器使用や武力弾圧のエスカレートを阻止する狙いもある。同日
会見したモレノオカンポ主任検察官は「政府が自国民を攻撃し、虐殺することがあるだ
ろうか」と述べ、２月１５日以降、北東部のベンガジなどで行われた反体制デモの弾圧
について、カダフィ大佐や息子、軍・政権の幹部らの関与を捜査すると発表した。
国連安全保障理事会は２月２６日にリビア制裁を決議した際、ＩＣＣへの付託を決め
た。ＩＣＣは今月１日、国連やアラブ連盟、国際刑事警察機構などと連携して予備調査
を始めた。予備調査から正式な捜査開始までに通常は数カ月かかるが、ＩＣＣ検察官は
「人道犯罪は明白」としてわずか２日で捜査開始を決定。容疑が固まれば訴追する方針。
●政治（米国）
オバマ大統領はリビアへの軍事攻撃の可能性について熟考している。国際連合
はすでにカダフィ大佐及びその家族への国連制裁を科し、国際司法裁判所に起
訴することを決定している。
Tuesday, 1 March, 2011: After two weeks of revolution and the deaths of thousands of
Libyans, the Obama administration is starting to contemplate military action against the
brutal Libyan regime of Moammar Gadhafi. The United Nations Security Council has
already sanctioned Gadhafi and referred him to the International Criminal Court
following his violent suppression of Libya’s revolutionary movement, creating the
contours of a hardening international position against Gadhafi. And now most U.S.
nationals in Libya have now fled, removing what the Obama administration has
considered an impediment to action. So here comes the Navy. The Enterprise carrier
strike group, last seen hunting pirates, is in the Red Sea — and may sail through Suez to
the Mediterranean — and the New York Times reports that an “amphibious landing
vessel, with Marines and helicopters” are there as well. [Wired]
●政治（内戦）
反政府勢力は米国、欧州からの支援を享受。
Tuesday, 1 March, 2011: Libya’s opposition gained fresh support from the U.S. and
European nations, who promised humanitarian aid and began planning for a no-fly zone,
as leader Muammar Qaddafi declared that “my people love me” and sent forces to
regain lost territory. The European Union yesterday imposed an arms embargo and other
sanctions, and the U.S. said it has frozen $30 billion in Libyan assets. The U.S. said
refugee-aid teams were sent to Libya’s borders while American naval and air units are
being repositioned in the Mediterranean. U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton met
with ministers from the EU and Russia in Geneva. Qaddafi has “lost the legitimacy to
55
govern and it is time for him to go without further violence or delay,” Clinton said.
[Bloomberg]
●政治（米国・国連）
ブッシュ大統領とバン・キ・ムン国連事務総長がホワイトハウスで会談。
Tuesday, 1 March, 2011: President Barack Obama and U.N. Secretary-General Ban
Ki-moon met at the White House on Monday for talks dominated by the situation in
Libya. The U.S. ambassador to the United Nations, Susan Rice, also took part in the
discussions and spoke with reporters. The talks came as the United States considers
what additional options to use to deal with the bloodshed in Libya, where military
forces loyal to leader Moammar Gadhafi battle opposition forces. Appearing at a White
House news briefing after attending an Oval Office meeting between President Obama
and Secretary-General Ban, Ambassador Rice referred to the U.N. Security Council
resolution approved over the weekend. [VOA]
●政治（内戦）
首都の東西で攻防＝政権側、反撃の動き―内戦状態に（時事通信 3 月 1 日）
リビアでは 28 日、カダフィ政権の軍・治安部隊が、首都トリポリの東約 210 キロに
ある反政府勢力支配下の都市ミスラタの奪還に向け、武装ヘリコプターなどを投入して
攻撃を行い、反政府側も反撃した。首都の西約 50 キロの町ザウィヤでは、反政府側が
押さえる市街地を軍・治安部隊が包囲し、緊張が高まっている。AFP 通信は 28 日、リ
ビア空軍機が同日、反政府側の支配する北東部ベンガジ南方の 2 カ所で武器弾薬庫を爆
撃したと伝えた。ベンガジを含む東部一帯には体制から離反して反政府側に付いた軍部
隊がおり、爆撃には離反部隊の戦力をそぐ狙いがあるとみられる。リビアは 15 日の反
政府デモ発生から 2 週間が経過し、内戦状態に陥りつつある。
中東の衛星テレビ各局によれば、リビア第 3 の都市ミスラタでは、政府側のヘリが人
口密集地域にあるラジオ放送施設を攻撃。反政府側はヘリを撃墜し、乗っていた兵士 5
人を拘束した。ミスラタ郊外の空港の支配をめぐって激しい戦闘が続いているもようだ。
ミスラタの郊外には最高指導者カダフィ大佐の七男ハミス氏が率いる精鋭部隊が展開。
市街地には軍の離反部隊がおり、今後、戦闘が激化する恐れもある。一方、ザウィヤは
カダフィ大佐が居座る首都への攻勢拠点となり得るため、政権側が町の奪還に向けて激
しい攻撃を仕掛ける可能性がある。ザウィヤの市街地は 27 日に戦闘の末、反政府側が
掌握した。軍の離反部隊や警察部隊が展開し、現地からの報道では、離反部隊は数台の
戦車や対空砲を保持しているもようだ。町を包囲するカダフィ派部隊は重武装の約 2000
人とみられている。
●政治（リビア危機）
エジプトに本拠があるムスリム同胞団の Guidance Council はリビア危機を集結させる
ためにアラブ諸国とアラブ連盟の介入を要請。
56
Tuesday, 1 March, 2011: A prominent member of the Egypt-based Muslim
Brotherhood’s Guidance Council has called on the Arab League and Arab countries to
intervene in Libya to end the crisis, but warns the West to desist from what he describes
as interfering in Libya’s affairs. Esam Alarian, spokesman for the Muslim Brotherhood,
says his group is organizing humanitarian assistance to Libya’s anti-government
protesters, who demand leader Moammar Gadhafi, step down and cede power. “We
announced many times that we are supporting the struggles of Libyans against
Gaddafi’s regime. This is our political situation. But, we appeal to the Arab League and
Amr Moussa, [VOA]
●政治（英国）
London School of Economics (LSE)大学はサイフ氏が代表を勤める財団からの寄
付行為を否定。
Tuesday, 1 March, 2011: LONDON Feb 28 (Reuters) - Embarrassed by funding ties to
Libya, Britain's prestigious London School of Economics (LSE) university moved on
Monday to repudiate a research grant it received from a charity chaired by a son of
Muammar Gaddafi. A university statement said it planned to set aside £300,000
($487,000), equivalent to the sum it had so far received from the Gaddafi International
Charity and Development Foundation, for purposes agreed with the LSE's wider
academic community. "In particular, the School is looking into establishing a
scholarship fund for Libyan students," it said, adding the university's leadership would
consider the plan on Tuesday. [Reuters]
57

10年12月

リビア情報 2008 年 12 月

9年6月

11年2月

11年5月

リビア‐政治・経済・エネルギー状況 2008 年 6 月

9年7月

10年9月

11年4月

アディダス [型番：EGD102]【送料込/送料無料】 フィットネストレーニング

Programma Differita Nuovo regime forfettario e